English to Quapaw Dictionary

S

saber - scarf	scarlet - seeds	seesaw  -  shaman	shame - shore
short - sigh	sight - sitting	six - slivers	slow - soak
soap - soul	sound - spits	splash - stands	star - stockings
stomach - stretching	stride - Sunday	sunrise - syrup

 

soap

► we-ska-de (wéskade) - soap, “whiten with it”

► we-ska-de (wéskade) - soap [MS, OM]

► cf. we (we) - that by which, with which to; ska (ska) - white; de (de) - cause to, to cause

 

socks stretching, stockings

► hi-ni-ke zi-zi-ke (hinige sísike), (hî́nigesiske) - stockings (socks stretching) [ASG]

► hi-ni-ke zi-zi-ke (hiníke zizíke) - stockings, hose

► hi-niⁿ-ke zi-zi (hinį́ke zizí) - stockings [MS]

► cf. hi-niⁿ-ke (hinį́ke), hi-ni-ke (hiníke) - leggings; zi-zi-ke (zízike) - stretching

► Dhegiha: hiu-iⁿ-ge (hiú-iⁿ-ge) - leggings (man’s) [FL-Osage]; hu-iⁿ-ke (húuįke), hiⁿ-oⁿ-ke (hį́įǫke) - hosiery, stockings, socks, leggings [CQ-Osage]; hu-yoⁿ-ge (húyoⁿge), hu-yu-yiⁿ-ge (húyuyiⁿge) - leggings [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: zi-zi-ge (zízige) - rubber, elastic, any rubber or elastic object [Omaha/Ponca]; zi-zi-ge (zí-zi-ge) - India-rubber, any elastic object [JOD-Omaha]; zi-zi-ge (çiçige) - springy [Omaha]; wa-zi-zi-e (wa-çí-çi-e) - rubber, thing elastic [FL-Osage]

 

socks, leggings

► hi-ni-ke (hinige) - socks [ASG]

► hi-niⁿ-ke (hinį́ke), hi-ni-ke (hiníke) - leggings

► hi-niⁿ-ke (hinį́ke) - leggings [MS]

► hi-ni-ke (ī nǐ kya), (ī nī kya) - leggings, from John Quapaw, Pete Claber, Mrs. Hominy [MH]

► cf. ta-ha hi-niⁿ-ke (ta ha hǐ nǐ kya) - buckskin leggings, from Louis Angel Tallchief [MH]; hi-niⁿ-ke zi-zi (hinį́ke zizí) - stockings [MS]; hi-ni-ke zi-zi-ke (hiníke zizíke) - stockings, hose

► Dhegiha: hiu-iⁿ-ge (hiú-iⁿ-ge) - leggings (man’s) [FL-Osage]; hu-iⁿ-ke (húuįke), hiⁿ-oⁿ-ke (hį́įǫke) - hosiery, stockings, socks, leggings [CQ-Osage]; hu-yoⁿ-ge (húyoⁿge), hu-yu-yiⁿ-ge (húyuyiⁿge) - leggings [Kaw]

 

soda pop

► ni po-to-xe (nippóttoxe) - soda pop, “exploding water”

► ni po-to-xe (nippóttoxe) - pop (soda pop) [LQ, OM]

► cf. ni (ni) - water, liquid, stream, lake; po-to-xi (póttoxi) - burst from a shot or punch; ba-to-xi (battóxi) - burst by punching, pushing; bi-to-xi (bittóxi) - burst from pressure/weight; di-to-xi (dittóxi) - discharge, make a bang; di-to-to-xi (dittóttoxi) - one of the sounds of thunder; ka-to-xi (kattóxi) - burst, break open; naⁿ-to-xi (nąttóxi) - step on and burst something; ta-to-xi (táttoxi) - to cause burst by burning

► Dhegiha: ni ka-pxo-ʰke (niikáapxoʰke) - soda pop, soft drink, lit., “liquid explodes” [CQ-Osage]; ni ga-pho-ke (ni gaphóke), ni ga-pho-ki (ní gaphóki) - soda pop [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ʰpo-ʰki (p̣o-ḳí) - a dull thud, made by striking [FL-Osage]; ʰpo-ʰki-e (p̣o-ḳi-é) - a sound like the report of a gun or a popgun [FL-Osage]; pho-ki (phóki), pho-ke (phóke) - a “sound-word”; to make the ground give out a deadened sound by thrusting at it; to stab a person or animal, running the knife or spear to the hilt, making a thud; thud, sound of striking a soft object or the ground [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ga-pu-ki (ga-pú-k͓i) - to make the sound “pú-k͓i” by striking against clothing, or any soft part of a oerson or animal [JOD-Omaha]; ga-ʰpo-ʰki (ga-p̣ó-ḳi) - to make a dull thud or sound by striking a soft object [FL-Osage]; ka-pxo-ʰke (kaapxóʰke) - burst, explode, pop; hit someone on the back, knocking the wind out; stun, crash [CQ-Osage]; ga-pho-ki (gaphóki) - popping sound made when hitting [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: da-ʰpo-ʰki (dá-p̣o-ḳi) - to explode; percussion [FL-Osage]; da-pho-ke (dáphokè) - to pop, as popcorn from exposure to heat [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ba-pho-ki (baphóki), ba-pho-ke (baphóke) - be a thudding sound; pop, give off a popping noise; cause something to pop; cause something to make a popping noise [Kaw]; bu-pho-ke (buphóke) - popping sound from bursting [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: tu-shi (tushí) - shooting sound, the sound of a gun shooting [Omaha/Ponca]; tu-shi (t͓u-cí) - the sound heard when one shoots a gun [JOD-Omaha]; tu-shi (túshi) - snap, to snap, to make a snapping sound [Omaha/Ponca]; tu-shi (t͓ú-ci) - to make a snapping sound [JOD-Omaha]; ba-tu-shi (ba-t͓ú-ci) - to fire a pop gun; said also when A strikes B with the butt end of his gun, the concussion causing the gun to explode and injure A [JOD-Omaha]; mu-tu-shi (mútushi) - explode with a noise, like a rotten egg [Omaha/Ponca]; mu-tu-shi (mú-t͓u-ci) - to make a report, as a rotten egg bursting [JOD-Omaha]

 

 

soft

► shtoⁿ-ka (štǫká), shtaⁿ-ka (štąka) - soft

► shtoⁿ-ka (štǫká) - soft [ASG]

► ex: shtoⁿ-ka-hi (štǫkáhi) - very soft [ASG]

► ex: shtoⁿ-ka-hi-we (štǫkáhiwé) - they are very soft [ASG]

► ex: a-bi-shtaⁿ-ka (ábištąka) - sit softly on, “press softly upon”

► ex: di-shtoⁿ-ka (dištǫ́ka) - hold a soft object; “soften by hand”

► ex: naⁿ-ta o-shtaⁿ-ka (nąttá oštąká) - ear lobe, “soft part of the ear”

► ex: pa-zhiⁿ-zhe o-shtaⁿ-ka (ppažį́že oštą́ka) - soft part of the nose

► ex: wa-shtaⁿ-ka (waštą́ka) - green corn, “that which is soft”

 

soft drink, soda pop

► ni po-to-xe (nippóttoxe) - soda pop, “exploding water”

► ni po-to-xe (nippóttoxe) - pop (soda pop) [LQ, OM]

► cf. ni (ni) - water, liquid, stream, lake; po-to-xi (póttoxi) - burst from a shot or punch; ba-to-xi (battóxi) - burst by punching, pushing; bi-to-xi (bittóxi) - burst from pressure/weight; di-to-xi (dittóxi) - discharge, make a bang; di-to-to-xi (dittóttoxi) - one of the sounds of thunder; ka-to-xi (kattóxi) - burst, break open; naⁿ-to-xi (nąttóxi) - step on and burst something; ta-to-xi (táttoxi) - to cause burst by burning

► Dhegiha: ni ka-pxo-ʰke (niikáapxoʰke) - soda pop, soft drink, lit., “liquid explodes” [CQ-Osage]; ni ga-pho-ke (ni gaphóke), ni ga-pho-ki (ní gaphóki) - soda pop [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ʰpo-ʰki (p̣o-ḳí) - a dull thud, made by striking [FL-Osage]; ʰpo-ʰki-e (p̣o-ḳi-é) - a sound like the report of a gun or a popgun [FL-Osage]; pho-ki (phóki), pho-ke (phóke) - a “sound-word”; to make the ground give out a deadened sound by thrusting at it; to stab a person or animal, running the knife or spear to the hilt, making a thud; thud, sound of striking a soft object or the ground [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ga-pu-ki (ga-pú-k͓i) - to make the sound “pú-k͓i” by striking against clothing, or any soft part of a oerson or animal [JOD-Omaha]; ga-ʰpo-ʰki (ga-p̣ó-ḳi) - to make a dull thud or sound by striking a soft object [FL-Osage]; ka-pxo-ʰke (kaapxóʰke) - burst, explode, pop; hit someone on the back, knocking the wind out; stun, crash [CQ-Osage]; ga-pho-ki (gaphóki) - popping sound made when hitting [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: da-ʰpo-ʰki (dá-p̣o-ḳi) - to explode; percussion [FL-Osage]; da-pho-ke (dáphokè) - to pop, as popcorn from exposure to heat [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ba-pho-ki (baphóki), ba-pho-ke (baphóke) - be a thudding sound; pop, give off a popping noise; cause something to pop; cause something to make a popping noise [Kaw]; bu-pho-ke (buphóke) - popping sound from bursting [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: tu-shi (tushí) - shooting sound, the sound of a gun shooting [Omaha/Ponca]; tu-shi (t͓u-cí) - the sound heard when one shoots a gun [JOD-Omaha]; tu-shi (túshi) - snap, to snap, to make a snapping sound [Omaha/Ponca]; tu-shi (t͓ú-ci) - to make a snapping sound [JOD-Omaha]; ba-tu-shi (ba-t͓ú-ci) - to fire a pop gun; said also when A strikes B with the butt end of his gun, the concussion causing the gun to explode and injure A [JOD-Omaha]; mu-tu-shi (mútushi) - explode with a noise, like a rotten egg [Omaha/Ponca]; mu-tu-shi (mú-t͓u-ci) - to make a report, as a rotten egg bursting [JOD-Omaha]

 

soft maple, “black dye tree”

► we-sa-de hi (wésade hí) - soft maple, “black dye tree”

► cf. we (we) - that by which, with which to; sa-de (sáde) - blacken, cause to be black; sa (sa) - black that is near, distinct; de (de) - cause to, to cause; hi (hi) - tree, bush, vine, stalk, leg; iⁿ-te sa-de (įtté sáde) - to fast, lit. “blacken the face”; we-ska-de (wéskade) - soap, “whiten with it”

► Dhegiha: we-na-sha-be the hi (wénashabe the hi) - Maple Tree [Omaha]; we-sha-be-the hiu (wé-sha-be-the-hiu) - maple sugar, the bark of this tree was used for making a black dye [FL-Osage]; we-tso sa-be hu (wéco sábe hu) - sugar maple [Kaw]

 

soft part of the nose, the tip

► pa-zhiⁿ-zhe o-shtaⁿ-ka (ppažį́že oštą́ka) - nose, tip, “soft part”

► cf. pa (ppa) - nose; pa-zhiⁿ-zhe (ppažį́že) - nose; pʰa-zi zhe (p'azí˙že) - nose, may mean tip of nose [VG]; pa pa-si (ppáppasí) - tip of the nose; shtoⁿ-ka (štǫká), shtaⁿ-ka (štąka) - soft

► Dhegiha: pa u-shtoⁿ-ga (pá ushtóⁿga) - the soft part of the nose, around the tip, including the septum [Omaha/Ponca]; pa u-shtoⁿ-ga (paushtoⁿga) - septum [Omaha]

► Dhegiha: pa (pa) - nose [Omaha/Ponca]; pa (pa) - nose [Omaha]; ʰpa (p̣a) - snout, the projecting nose of an animal [FL-Osage]; ʰpa (ʰpá) - nose, snout [CQ-Osage]; pa (pa) - nose [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: pa-shi-zhe (pashízhe) - nose tip, tip of the nose [Omaha/Ponca]; pa-shi-zhe (pashizhe) - tip of the nose [Omaha]; ʰpa-zhu-zhe (p̣a-zhú-zhe) - the tip of the nose; the bill of a swan and other birds [FL-Osage]; pa-zho-zhe (pázhozhe), pa-zhu-zhe (pazhúzhe) - nostrils [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: pa-si (pasí) - tip, tongue-tip, tree-top, etc. [Omaha/Ponca]; pa-si (p̣a-çí) - point, a peak, the top of a pole, the top of a tree [FL-Osage]; ʰpa-su (ʰpasú) - tip or point of an object [CQ-Osage]; pa-su (pasú) - tip, point of an object, “like the point of a pencil” [Kaw]

 

soft shelled water turtle

► ke zhoⁿ-te (kke zǫ́tte) - turtle, soft shelled water

► cf. ke (kke) - turtle

 

soften ground by plowing

► di-poⁿ-te (dipǫ́tte) - soften ground by plowing ► bdi-poⁿ-te (bdípǫtte) - I, ti-poⁿ-te (ttípǫtte) - you

 

soften something by pulling

► di-taⁿ-haⁿ (dittą́hą) - soften something by pulling ► bdi-taⁿ-haⁿ (bdíttąhą) - I, ti-taⁿ-haⁿ (ttíttąhą) - you

► cf. di (di) - by hand, pulling; ba-taⁿ-ha (battą́ha) - pulverize; bi-taⁿ-ha (bittą́ha) - crush, pulverize; da-taⁿ-ha (dattą́ha) - chew very fine; di-taⁿ-ha (dittą́ha) - turn crank as on a handmill; wa-di-taⁿ-ha (wadíttąha) - cornmeal; wa-di-taⁿ-ha wa-ske (wadíttąha waské) - cornbread; ka-taⁿ-ha (kattą́ha) - pound, pulverize; naⁿ-taⁿ-ha (nąttą́ha) - crush with feet, trample to bits; pa-taⁿ-ha (páttąha) - cut up very fine, as tobacco; po-taⁿ-ha (póttąha) - pulverize by punching/shooting; ta-taⁿ-ha (táttąha) - burn to ashes, burn up

► Dhegiha: yu-taⁿ-taⁿ-haⁿ (yutáⁿtaⁿhaⁿ) - soften by working with the hands, as leather [Kaw]; ba-taⁿ-haⁿ (batáⁿhaⁿ) - dull a knife or blade by pushing [Kaw]; ga-taⁿ-haⁿ (gatáⁿhaⁿ) - mash and break something up, pound up; dull by striking, as from frequent use [Kaw]; tha-ʰtoⁿ-hoⁿ (tha-ṭóⁿ-hoⁿ) - to masticate, to chew thoroughly [FL-Osage]

 

soften, hold a soft object

► di-shtoⁿ-ka (dištǫ́ka) - hold a soft object; soften ► bdi-shtoⁿ-ka (bdíštǫka) - I, ti-shtoⁿ-ka (ttíštǫka) - you

► cf. di (di) - by hand, pulling; shtoⁿ-ka (štǫká), shtaⁿ-ka (štąka) - soft; naⁿ-ta o-shtaⁿ-ka (nąttá oštąká) - ear lobe; a-bi-shtaⁿ-ka (ábištąka) - sit softly on, as when a horse is saddled with a blanket; pa-zhiⁿ-zhe o-shtaⁿ-ka (ppažį́že oštą́ka) - nose, tip, “soft part”; wa-shtaⁿ-ka (waštą́ka) - green corn

► Dhegiha: thi-shtoⁿ-ga (thishtoⁿga) - soften [Omaha]; thi-shtoⁿ-ga (thi-shtóⁿ-ga) - to soften the skin by working with the hands [FL-Osage]; yu-shtoⁿ-ga (yushtóⁿga) - soften, take hold of a soft object [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: shtoⁿ-ga (shtoⁿgá) - soft, puffy, bunched [Omaha/Ponca]; shtoⁿ-ga (shtoⁿga) - soft [Omaha]; shtoⁿ-ga (shtoⁿ-ga) - soft [FL-Osage]; shtoⁿ-ka (štǫ́ka) - soft [CQ-Osage]; shtoⁿ-ga (shtoⁿgá) - be soft [Kaw]

 

softly, carefully

► a-ka-ze (ákaze) - carefully, softly

► ex: a-ka-ze hi o-da-tʰiⁿ (ákaze hí odátʰį) - you hit an object softly or carefully

► Dhegiha: a-ga-ze (á-ga-ze) - to hit carefully, not too hard [JOD-Omaha]

 

softly, hit softly or lightly

► i-we-pi-aⁿ (íweppią́) - hit softly, lightly ► i-we-pi-maⁿ (íweppimą́) - I, i-we-shpi-zhaⁿ (íwešpižą́) - you

► cf. i-we-pi-aⁿ-hi (íweppią́hi) - pull, bite, tug gently on something

 

softly, sit softly on

► a-bi-shtaⁿ-ka (ábištąka) - sit softly on, as when a horse is saddled with a blanket ► a-pi-shtaⁿ-ka (áppištąka) - I, a-shpi-shtaⁿ-ka (ášpištąka) - you

► cf. a (a) - on, upon; bi (bi) - by pressing, rubbing; shtoⁿ-ka (štǫká), shtaⁿ-ka (štąka) - soft

► Dhegiha: a-bi-shtaⁿ-ga (á-bi-ctañ-ga) - to sit, press, or bear softly on any thing; to press on an object in order to soften it [JOD-Omaha]

 

softly, to hit an object softly or carefully

► i-di-knaⁿ hi o-tʰiⁿ (idikną hi otʰį) - to hit an object softly or carefully

► cf. i-di-kdaⁿ (ídikdą), i-di-knaⁿ (ídikną) - think, decide, form an opinion, plan; hi (hi) - very; o-tʰiⁿ (otʰį́) - strike, slap, hit

► Dhegiha: i-thi-gthoⁿ (ithigthoⁿ) - thought, idea [Omaha]; i-thi-gthoⁿ (í-thi-gthoⁿ) - slowly, or at a slow pace [FL-Osage]; i-thi-gthoⁿ (í-thi-gthoⁿ) - to think, to consider, to study, to contemplate [FL-Osage]; i-thi-laⁿ (íðilą) - have on one’s mind, think about, want, wish [CQ-Osage]; i-yu-laⁿ (íyulaⁿ) - proceed carefully (deliberately), decide, form an opinion, judge [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: u-tiⁿ (utiⁿ) - beat, hit, spank, strike, a blow, club [Omaha]; u-tʰiⁿ (utʰíⁿ) - to hit or strike him [Omaha/Ponca]; u-tsiⁿ (ú-tsiⁿ) - to maul, to beat, to pound, to strike, to give a drubbing, to thrash [FL-Osage]; o-tsʰiⁿ (ocʰí) - whip strongly, beat up, spank or get someone, drub, thrash [CQ-Osage]; o-tsʰiⁿ (ócʰį) - hit or beat things, such as a drum [CQ-Osage]; o-chiⁿ (ochíⁿ) - hit [Kaw]

 

soil, earth, ground

► ma-ni-ka (maníkka) - earth, soil, ground

► ma-ni-ka (maníkka) - ground, earth, dirt, soil [MS, OM]

► ma-ni-ka (monick-kah) - soil, ground, earth (terre de la) [GI]

► ma-ni-ka (maní˙kka) - earth, dirt, ground [FS]

► ex: ma-ni-ka de-xe (maníkka déγe) - pottery, clay pottery

► ex: ma-ni-ka di-haⁿ-haⁿ (maníkka dihą́hą) - earthquake

► ex: ma-ni-ka ka-tʰe (maníkka katʰé) - dirt clod [JOD]

► ex: ma-ni-ka o-ka-kdo (maníkka okákdo) - quicksand

► ex: ma-ni-ka shi-we (maníkka šíwe) - worm, earthworm

► Dhegiha: moⁿ-thiⁿ-kʰa (moⁿthíⁿkʰa) - earth, soil [Omaha/Ponca]; moⁿ-thiⁿ-ʰka (moⁿ-thíⁿ-ḳa), moⁿ-iⁿ-ʰka (moⁿ-íⁿ-ḳa) - ground, earth, soil, clay, mud [FL-Osage]; moⁿ-thiⁿ-ʰka (mǫðįʰka), maⁿ-iⁿ-ʰka (mą́įʰka) - soil, ground, earth, clay, mud, dirt [CQ-Osage]; maⁿ-yiⁿ-ka (maⁿyíⁿka) - earth, ground, clay, soil [Kaw]

 

soil, make dirty

► o-ki-shi-ke ka-xe (ókkišíke káγe) - soil, make dirty

► cf. o-ki-shi-ke (ókkišíke) - dirty, soiled; shi-ke (šíke) - bad, ugly; ka-xe (káγe) - make, do, cause

 

soil, pulverize the soil

► di-to-we (dittówe) - to plow, to pulverize the soil ► bdi-to-we (bdíttowe) - I, ti-to-we (ttíttowe) - you

► cf. we-di-to-we (wédittówe) - plow; ba-to-we (battówe) - break into pieces, cut up; bi-to-we (bittówe) - break, crumble into pieces; da-to-we (dattówe) - chew to pieces; ka-to-we (kattówe) - shatter, break in pieces; naⁿ-to-we (nąttówe) - step on or kick and break something; pa-to-we (páttowe) - cut into large pieces; po-to-we (póttowe) - punch or shoot to pieces; to-wa-de (ttowáde) - crumble of it’s own accord

► Dhegiha: thi-tu-be (thi tube) - grind, pinch [Omaha]; thi-tu-ba-ga (¢iʇúba-gă) - plow it! [JOD-Omaha]; toⁿ-de thi-tu-be (toⁿde thitube) - plow [Omaha]; yu-to-be (yutóbe), yu-to-we (yutówe) - plow, break virgin ground; to grind, grind up [Kaw]; gi-sa-ka yu-to-be (gisáka yutóbe) - plow, break virgin ground [Kaw]; maⁿ-yiⁿ-ka i-yi-to-we (maⁿyíⁿka íyitowe), maⁿ-yiⁿ-ka yi-to-we (maⁿyíⁿka yitówe) - plow, lit. “it breaks the soil” [Kaw]

 

soil, root up the soil

► ba-ta-xe (battáxe) - dry up, root up the soil ► pa-ta-xe (ppáttaxe) - I, shpa-ta-xe (špáttaxe) - you

► cf. ta-xe (táxe) - dried up, dead from heat/cold, used with almost all instrumental prefixes; bi-ta-xe (bittáxe) - dry up, press dry; da-ta-xe (dattáxe) - dry up from being gnawed; di-ta-xe (dittáxe) - dry out by pulling up, uproot; ka-ta-xe (kattáxe) - crack and die from being cut, as corn; pa-ta-xe (páttaxe) - cut and dry up, e.g. cornstalk; po-ta-xe (póttaxe) - cause to dry up from punching; ta-ta-xe (táttaxe) - dry up and die, as vegetation from the sun

 

soiled, dirty

► o-ki-shi-ke (ókkišíke) - dirty, soiled

► cf. shi-ke (šíke) - bad

 

► o-kdi-shi-ke (ókdišiké) - ain’t good, dirty [MS]

► cf. shi-ke (šíke) - bad

 

soiled, worn, second hand

► di-xdi-ke (dixdíke) - worn, soiled, second hand

► cf. a-di-xdi-ke (ádixdíke) - worn, well worn; soiled from use; second-hand but not worn out

► Dhegiha: thi-xthi-ge (thiqthíge) - worn a long time; soiled for use; second-hand, but not worn out [Omaha/Ponca]; thi-xthi-ge (thi-xthí-ge) - old, worn out [FL-Osage]; wa-thi-xthi-ge (wa-thí-xthi-ge) - worn, faded, secondhand goods [FL-Osage]

 

► a-di-xdi-ke (ádixdíke) - worn, well worn; soiled from use; second-hand but not worn out

► cf. di-xdi-ke (dixdíke) - worn, soiled, second hand

► Dhegiha: thi-xthi-ge (thiqthíge) - worn a long time; soiled for use; second-hand, but not worn out [Omaha/Ponca]; thi-xthi-ge (thi-xthí-ge) - old, worn out [FL-Osage]; wa-thi-xthi-ge (wa-thí-xthi-ge) - worn, faded, secondhand goods [FL-Osage]

 

soldier, police

► ni-kaⁿ-saⁿ (nikkąsą́) - soldier [MS]

► ni-kaⁿ-saⁿ (nikkąsą́) - police

► ni-kaⁿ-saⁿ (nikkąsą́) - police [JOD]

► ex: ni-kaⁿ-saⁿ kdaⁿ-ni-ke wa-x’o di-shi-shi-ke [wi]ʰpi-a-we (nikkąsą́ kdąníke waxʔó dišíšike [wi]ʰpiáwe) - sometime they treat a woman mean, that’s the way they, they do, they say, they, all soldiers drunk then [MS]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ kaⁿ-iⁿ kda-i taⁿ, “hoⁿ-pe i-maⁿ-ta ma-sa-ni ki-di-shto-ta-i ni-he,” i-we-ki niⁿ i-ya ni-kaⁿ-saⁿ (kóišǫ́ttą ką́į kdá-i tą, “hǫpé imą́tta masáni kidíštotá-i nihé,” iwéki nį́ iyá nikkąsą́) - then/just as they started home/when/shoe/other one/on one side/pull ye it off from her/he was saying it to them/it is said/police [JOD]

 

sole of the foot

► si-ha (sihá) - sole of the foot

► cf. si (si) - foot; ha (ha) - skin, bark, hide, shell

► ex: si-ha kʰe (sihá-kʰe) - the sole of the foot

► Dhegiha: si-ha tʰoⁿ (sihátʰoⁿ) - “the long foot-skin on which one treads”; the entire sole of the foot [Omaha/Ponca]; si-ha (çi-há) - Soles, personal name, refers to the footprints of the buffalo [FL-Osage]; si-ha (çí-ha) - horse’s hoof [FL-Osage]

 

sole, arch of the sole of the foot

► si o-ski-ta (sióskittá) - arch of the sole of the foot

► cf. si (si) - foot; ski-ta (skittá) - notch, groove

► Dhegiha: si-u-noⁿ-ski-da (siúnoⁿçkida) - hollow below the instep of the foot [Omaha]; si o-ski-da (çi-ú-çki-da) - the hollow in the sole of the human foot [FL-Osage]; si-o-ski (síioski) - arch of the foot [CQ-Osage]; si-o-ski-da (sióskida) - arch of the foot [Kaw]

 

solid, beneath a solid object

► o-di-xda (odíxda) - under, beneath a solid object

► Dhegiha: u-thu-xtha-ha (u-thú-xtha-ha) - underneath, downward [FL-Osage]; o-thu-lu-ha (oðúluha) - underneath, beneath, below, under [CQ-Osage]; o-yu-xla (oyúxla) - undersomething, underneath [Kaw]

 

solids, measure for solids

► i-toⁿ-we (íttǫwe), i-tʰoⁿ-we (ítʰǫwe) - bushel, measure for solids

► cf. si-toⁿ-we (síttǫwe) - one foot, unit of measure

 

soliloquy

► tʰoⁿ (tʰǫ́) - in soliloquy [JOD]

► ex: “ta-taⁿ naⁿ o-te niⁿ e tʰoⁿ?” i-niⁿ-aⁿ i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“táttą ną otté nį e tʰǫ́?” ínįą́ iyá maštį́ke) - “just what can he be looking for?” thought the rabbit, it is said [JOD]

 

► e-naⁿ (éną) - ! (in soliloquy) [JOD]

► ex: “ni-ka-shi-ka niⁿ si-si a-ta-ha e-naⁿ,” i-niⁿ-aⁿ i-ya sni-wa-te (“níkkašíka nį sisí áttaha éną,” ínįą́ iyá sniwátte) - “that person is extremely active!” thought Winter, it is said [JOD]

 

some

► ki-zoⁿ (kkizǫ́) - some

► ex: kdaⁿ-ni-ka-wi-a-we ki-zoⁿ (kdąníkawiáwe kkizǫ́) - they said that, they all drunk, some of them [MS]

► Dhegiha: ʰki-zoⁿ (ḳi-çóⁿ) - some; as some water, some bread [FL-Osage]; ki-zaⁿ … ki-zaⁿ (kizáⁿ... kizáⁿ) - some...some [Kaw]

 

► ni-ha (nihá) - some

► ex: hoⁿ-tʰaⁿ-hi ni-ka-shi-ka e-taⁿ-ni-hi-pa t’a-i ni-ha wa-hi ke wa-ska-ha hí ke naⁿ, i-ya (hǫ́tʰąhi níkkašíka ettą́ni-hi-ppá tʔaí nihá wahí ke waskáha hí ke ną, iyá) - and then (when the Rabbit had gone very far into the Hill) there lay a long line of whitened bones of some of the people who had been first to arrive there and had died, it is said [JOD]

► ex: shi-naⁿ iⁿ-chʰoⁿ hi t’e ni-ha e-ti-ni-kʰa naⁿ, i-ya (ši-ną́ į́čʰǫ hí tʔé nihá ettí-nikʰá ną, iyá) - on and on, some (corpses) were sitting there who had just now died, it is said [JOD]

► ex: shi-naⁿ zho i-kdi-za-za hi ni-ha e-ti-ni-kʰa naⁿ, i-ya (ši-ną́ žo íkdizáza hí nihá ettí-nikʰá ną, iyá) - on and on, some (corpses) were sitting there with their flesh adhering here and there, it is said [JOD]

 

► ha-na iⁿ-ke (haná įké) - some

► cf. iⁿ-ke (įké) - lying objects, plural/lying/animate; collocations of lying objects; ha-na-hi-te (hanáhitte) - a few, however many; ha-na i-te (haná itte) - however much or many

► ex: ha-na iⁿ-ke (haná įké) - some (however many lying objects)

► ex: “iⁿ-ta-te, maⁿ ha-na iⁿ-ke aⁿ-ka-xa!” (“įttatté, mą́ haná įké ą́kaγá!”) - “my father, make some arrows for me!” [JOD]

 

some kind or other

► ta-taⁿ hi-te (táttą hitté) - some kind or other [JOD]

► cf. ta-taⁿ (táttą), ta-toⁿ (táttǫ) - what, something; hi-te (hitté), i-te (itté) - indefinite pronoun, (what)-ever; ta-taⁿ za-ni (ttátą zaní) - everything, “what/something + all”; ta-taⁿ-zhi (táttąží) - nothing, “what/something + not”

► ex: wa-hiⁿ-ska ta-taⁿ hi-te ho-taⁿ iⁿ a-wi-ki-bniⁿ a-kdi te a (wahį́ska táttą hitté hóttą į́ áwikíbnį akdí tte á) - I will bring you (my own daughter) back some kind of really good calico cloth [JOD]

► Dhegiha: da-daⁿ (dádaⁿ) - what?; something, a thing [JOD-Omaha]; da-doⁿ (dádoⁿ) - what, interrogation [FL-Osage]; ta-taⁿ (táatą) - what (interrogative), thing(s), anything, something, what, whatever (indefinite or relative), what kind, what sort, what type, what class of (interrogative), do what (interrogative) [CQ-Osage]; da-daⁿ (dádaⁿ) - what, something, thing, things [Kaw]

 

some, after some time

► e-shaⁿ-hi (ešąhí) - at length, after some time [JOD]

► cf. e-shaⁿ (éšą), e-shoⁿ (ešǫ́) - then, at length; e-shaⁿ-taⁿ (ešą́ttą) - then, at that time; e-shoⁿ-we (ešǫ́we) - then

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ e-shoⁿ-hi naⁿ-haⁿ zhi-ka hi taⁿ naⁿ (kóišǫ́ttą ešǫhí nąhą́ žiká hí tą́ ną) - then, after some time, she grew a little larger (a little older) [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ e-shoⁿ-hi aⁿ-kniⁿ (kóišǫ́ttą ešǫhí ąknį́) - then after awhile we camped [JOD]

► ex: de niⁿ e-shoⁿ-hi haⁿ-ka toⁿ niⁿkʰe-ti hi (de nį́ ešǫhí hą́ka ttǫ nįkʰétti hí) - after he was going for some time, he arrived at the Haⁿ-ka village [JOD]

► ex: e-shoⁿ-hi wa-zhiⁿ-ka zho-hi hi t’e-da-we (ešǫ́hi wažį́ka žóhi hí tʔédawe) - after some time, they killed many birds [JOD]

► ex: ni o-ha naⁿ kde e-shoⁿ-hi ki, i-ya-we (ní ohá ną kdé éšǫhi kí, iyáwe) - she followed the course of the stream/water heading home, after some time she reached home, they say [JOD]

► ex: naⁿ-zha i-de i-ya-we, o-te shoⁿ-niⁿ i-de, i-ya-we (ną́ža íde iyáwe, otté šǫ-nį́ íde, iyáwe) - then, after he had sought him for some time, he found him, they said [JOD]

 

some, at some future time

► a-tʰaⁿ-ta-i te (atʰą́ttai tte) - at some future time

► cf. ha-tʰaⁿ-taⁿ (hatʰą́ttą), a-tʰaⁿ-taⁿ (atʰą́ttą) - when, in future; ha-tʰaⁿ-ti (hatʰą́tti) - when, at what time; a-tʰaⁿ-te bdo-ka (atʰą́tte bdoká) - forever

► ex: ha-tʰaⁿ-taⁿ te te (hatʰą́ttą tté tte) - when you going? [MS]

► Dhegiha: a-tʰaⁿ-daⁿ (atáⁿdaⁿ) - at what time (of the day) [JOD-Omaha]; ha-toⁿ-doⁿ (ha-tóⁿ doⁿ) - when [FL-Osage]; ha-txaⁿ-ta (haatxą́ta), ha-kxaⁿ-ta (haakxą́ta) - when in the future, what time in the future [CQ-Osage]; ha-khaⁿ-da (hakháⁿda) - when, at what future time [Kaw]

 

some, few, insufficient

► zho-wa (žowá) - few, insufficient, some

► zho-wa (júwa) - little [JOD]

► cf. di-zho-wa (dižowá) - lessen

► ex: ni-ka-shi-we zho-wa (níkkašíka žówa) - a few men [ASG]

► ex: e-koⁿ niⁿ zho-wa hi a-te-zhe zh-ka da-a-de kaⁿ miⁿ-kʰe (ékǫ nį žowá hi atéže žíka déadé ką́ mįkʰé) - so, I urinated a little bit, I sent a little off as I was sitting there [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ju-ba (júba) - a few, a small quantity [Omaha/Ponca]; zhu-pa (zhupa) - few [Omaha]; dsu-ba (dsú-ba) - few, scant, not sufficient [FL-Osage]; cho-pa (čóopa) - little, few, a small amount or number, a little bit [CQ-Osage]; jo-ba (jóba) - some, few, a little, small quantity, diminutive form of dóba ‘some’ [Kaw]

 

somehow or other

► haⁿ-ni-tʰe (hą́nitʰé), haⁿ-niⁿ hi-te (hą́nį hítte) - somehow or other [JOD]

► cf. haⁿ (hą), hoⁿ (hǫ) - what, how, in what manner; haⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ (hąnį́ttą), hoⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ (hǫnį́ttą) - why or how; hoⁿ niⁿ-kʰe hǫnįkʰé), hoⁿ ni-she (hǫ nišé) - how are you?; haⁿ-ni-haⁿ (hą́nihą́) - why [JOD]; hoⁿ-e (hǫ́e), haⁿ-e (hą́e) - what happened? what’s the matter?; hoⁿ-tʰe (hǫ́tʰe), hoⁿ-te (hǫ́tte) - why, how

► ex: haⁿ-ni-tʰe ka-ta-te ka-xdo de (hą́nitʰé kattátte kaxdó dé) - somehow or other he got through (pierced) the mud/mire [JOD]

► ex: haⁿ-niⁿ hi-te shi-naⁿ de (hą́nį hítte šíną dé) - somehow he went again [JOD]

 

something, what

► ta-taⁿ (táttą) - what, something

► ta-taⁿ (táttą) - what, something [JOD]

► ex: ta-taⁿ ho-taⁿ hi (táttą hottą́ hi) - something very good [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ kaⁿ-iⁿ kda-i taⁿ ta-taⁿ ho-taⁿ hi zhaⁿ-pi-zhi o-zhi taⁿ ki-k’i (kóišǫ́ttą ką́į kdá-i tą táttą hottą́ hi žąppíži oží tą kikʔí) - so then when they (the other girls) went back, he gave his own (his daughter) a wooden box filled with something very good [JOD]

► ex: “hoo’a! ta-taⁿ hi wa-zhoⁿ-iⁿ ni-wa-de! (“hooʔá! táttą hi wážǫį́ níwade!) - “really! this is indeed something hateful! [JOD]

► ex: ta-taⁿ-zhi (táttąží) - nothing, “what, something+not, negation”

► ex: ta-taⁿ hi-te (ttátą hitté) - some kind or other, whatever [JOD]

► ex: ta-taⁿ za-ni (ttátą zaní) - everything, “what, something+all” [JOD]

► ex: ta-taⁿ za-ni hi ki-k’iⁿ aⁿ-taⁿ da-wi (táttą zaní hi kikʔį́ ą́tą dáwi) - she carried everything on her back when they went [JOD]

► ex: e-ti ta-taⁿ e (etti táttą e) - is there anything else? [JOD]

► ex: “di-te-ke ta-taⁿ naⁿ-pe ni-ke hi,” i-yi i-ya wa-x’o-zhi-ka niⁿ-kʰe (“dítteke táttą ną́ppe niké hi,” iyí iyá waxʔóžiká nįkʰé) - “your uncle (your mother’s brother) fears nothing whatsoever,” it is said the old woman said.

► ex: “wi-zhiⁿ-de, ta-taⁿ bdi-za-zhi hi,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“wižį́de, táttą bdízaži hí,” iyí iyá maštį́ke) - “my elder brother, I have taken nothing at all,” it is said Rabbit said [JOD]

► ex: ta-taⁿ da-tʰe tʰe niⁿ-ke-hi-wi (táttą datʰé tʰe nįkéhiwí) - they had nothing to eat, “something to eat, they were really lacking” [JOD] 

► ex: haⁿ, naⁿ-pi-aⁿ-hi miⁿ-kʰe, ta-taʰ bda-tʰe niⁿ-haⁿ (hą, ną́ppią́hi mįkʰé, táttą bdatʰé nįhą́) - yes, I’m hungry, what can I eat? [JOD]

► ex: “wi-ti-mi, wi-te-ke ta-taⁿ naⁿ-pe niⁿ e?” (“wíttimí, wittéke táttą ną́ppe nį́ e?”) - “aunt (my father’s sister), what does uncle (my mother’s brother) fear?” [JOD]

► ex: “ta-taⁿ naⁿ o-te niⁿ e tʰoⁿ?” i-niⁿ-aⁿ i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“táttą ną otté nį e tʰǫ́?” ínįą́ iyá maštį́ke) - “just what can he be looking for?” thought the rabbit, it is said [JOD]

► ex: ta-toⁿ shkoⁿ-ta (táttǫ škǫ́tta) - what/you desire [JOD]

► ex: ta-toⁿ shkoⁿ-ta (táttǫ škǫttá) - what do you want? [OM]

► ex: ta-taⁿ shka-xe ni-kʰe (táttą škáγe nikʰé) - what are you making? [MS]

► ex: ta-taⁿ zha-zhe a-tiⁿ (táttą žáže attį́) - what’s your name? [MS]

► ex: ta-taⁿ wa-zhiⁿ-ka e-tʰaⁿ (táttą wažį́ka etʰą) - what kind of bird is this? [JOD]

► ex:  ta-taⁿ ti-ze e (táttą ttizé e) - what have you taken? [JOD]

► ex:  wi-zhiⁿ-de, ta-taⁿ bdi-za-zhi hi (wižį́de, táttą bdízaži hí) - elder brother, I have taken nothing at all [JOD]

► Dhegiha: da-daⁿ (dádaⁿ) - what?; something, a thing [JOD-Omaha]; da-doⁿ (dádoⁿ) - what, interrogation [FL-Osage]; ta-taⁿ (táatą) - what (interrogative), thing(s), anything, something, what, whatever (indefinite or relative), what kind, what sort, what type, what class of (interrogative), do what (interrogative) [CQ-Osage]; da-daⁿ (dádaⁿ) - what, something, thing, things [Kaw]

 

somewhat, to feel like

► ti-aⁿ (tią́) - to feel like, somewhat

► ex: a-te-zhe ti-aⁿ a-ta-ha (atéže tią́ áttaha) - I feel a strong urge to urintate [JOD]

► ex: wa-x’o niⁿ-kʰe te-zhe ti-aⁿ niⁿ-kʰe (waxʔó nįkʰé téže tią́ nįkʰé) - the woman was feeling the urge to urinate [JOD]

► ex: he-shiⁿ ti-aⁿ (héšį tią́) - feel a sneeze coming on

► ex: a-ki-zhi ti-aⁿ (ákkiži tią́) - feel like farting

► ex: a-zhoⁿ ti-aⁿ (ažǫ́ tią́) - I want to lay down (I feel like lying down) [MS]

► ex: a-zhoⁿ ti-aⁿ (ažǫ́ tią́) - I'm going to bed (I feel like lying down) [OM]

► ex: da-zhoⁿ ti-aⁿ (dažǫ́ tią́) - sleepy (you feel like laying down) [MS]

 

somewhere else, elsewhere

► e-ki-zhi (ekíži) - somewhere else, elsewhere

► e-ki-zhi (ekíži) - different [JOD]

► cf. e-zhi (éži) - another, different, other; e-zhi-naⁿ-naⁿ (éžiną́ną) - different things, different

► ex: koⁿi-shoⁿ-taⁿ e-ki-zhi bde ta-ni-he (kǫišǫ́ttą ekíži bdé ttánihé) - so I am going to go somewhere else

► ex: wa-haⁿ-niⁿ-ke o-zhoⁿ-ke e-ki-zhi o-ha hi (wahą́nįke ožǫ́ke ekíži ohá hí) - the orphan arrived following along a different road [JOD]

► Dhegiha: a-zhi (ázhi) - strange, different [Omaha]; e-zhi (é-zhi) - not that kind [FL-Osage]; e-zhi (éezhi) - odd, unusual, of a different kind, inappropriate, unsuitable, different, other, otherwise, strange [CQ-Osage]; e-zhi (ézhi) - other, different, another [Kaw]

 

son

► i-zhiⁿ-ke (ižį́ke), e-zhiⁿ-ke (ežį́ke) - son, someone’s son ► wi-zhiⁿ-ke (wižį́ke) - my, di-zhiⁿ-ke (dižį́ke) - your

► Dhegiha: i-zhiⁿ-ge (izhíⁿge) - his or her son [Omaha/Ponca]; i-zhiⁿ-ge (izhíⁿge) - son [Omaha]; i-zhiⁿ-ge (i-zhíⁿ-ge) - his or her son [FL-Osage]; i-zhiⁿ-ke (ižį́ke) - his/her son (any son); his brother’s son, her sister’s son (more precise than English ‘his nephew’ or ‘her nephew’ [CQ-Osage]; i-zhiⁿ-ge (izhíⁿge) - his or her son [Kaw]

 

► wi-zhiⁿ-ke (wižį́ke) - son, my son [MS]

► wi-zhiⁿ-ke (wizhínke) - son (my son) [ASG]

► ex: hoⁿ, wi-zhiⁿ-ke (hǫ́, wižį́ke) - yes, my son [JOD]

► Dhegiha: wi-zhiⁿ-ge (wijíñge) - my son [JOD-Omaha]; wi-zhiⁿ-ge (wi-zhiⁿ-ge) - my son [FL-Osage]; wi-zhiⁿke (wižį́ke) - my son (any of my sons, including a fist born; in this meaning, used regardless of whether speaker in male or female); my brother’s son (used only when speaker is male; more precise than English ‘my nephew’; Sonny (as a nickname, used by either male or female speakers for a son or a friend [CQ-Osage]; wi-zhiⁿ-ge (wizhíⁿge) - my son [Kaw]

 

► di-zhiⁿ-ke (dižį́ke) - you

► Dhegiha: thi-zhiⁿ-ge (¢ijíñge) - your son [JOD-Omaha]; thi-zhiⁿ-ke (ðižį́ke) - your son; your brother’s son (in both senses used when speaking to a man or to a woman, but its use for speaking to a woman may be more recent) [CQ-Osage]; yi-zhiⁿ-ge (yizhíⁿge) - your son [Kaw]

 

► i-zhiⁿ-ke (ižį́ke), e-zhiⁿ-ke (ežį́ke) - son, his or her son

► ex: wa-kaⁿ-ta i-zhiⁿ-ke (wakką́tta ižį́ke), wa-koⁿ-ta e-zhiⁿ-ke (wakǫ́ta ežį́ke) - God’s son

► ex: ka-hi-ke taⁿ-ka e-zhiⁿ-ke (kahíke ttą́ka ežį́ke) - Big Chief’s son; the principal chief’s son [JOD]

► ex: ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-zhiⁿ-ke niⁿ-kʰe (maštį́ke ežį́ke nįkʰe) - the Rabbit’s son [JOD]

► Dhegiha: i-zhiⁿ-ge (izhíⁿge) - his or her son [Omaha/Ponca]; i-zhiⁿ-ge (i-zhíⁿ-ge) - his or her son [FL-Osage]; i-zhiⁿ-ke (ižį́ke) - his/her son (any son); his brother’s son, her sister’s son (more precise than English ‘his nephew’ or ‘her nephew’ [CQ-Osage]; i-zhiⁿ-ge (izhíⁿge) - his or her son [Kaw]

 

► i-zhiⁿ-ke-de (ižį́kede), e-zhiⁿ-ke-de (ežį́kede) - to have as a son ► i-zhiⁿ-ke-a-de (ižį́keade) - I, i-zhiⁿ-ke-da-de (ižį́kedade) - you

► Dhegiha: i-zhiⁿ-ge-the (izhíⁿgethe) - to have one for a son [Omaha/Ponca]; i-zhiⁿ-ge-ye (izhíⁿgeye) - to have for a son, to call someone i-zhiⁿ-ge (izhíⁿge) [Kaw]

 

son of woman’s brother or man’s sister, nephew

► i-taⁿ-shka (ittą́ška), i-toⁿ-shka (ittǫ́ška), e-taⁿ-shka (ettą́ška) - nephew, son of woman’s brother or man’s sister ► wi-taⁿ-shka (wittą́ška) - my, di-taⁿ-shka (dittą́ška) - your

► Dhegiha: i-taⁿ-shka (i-t͓aⁿ-cka) - his sister’s son, his father’s sister’s son [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: i-tu-shka (i-t͓ú-cka) - her brother’s son, including father’s brother’s son’s son, her mother’s sister’s son’s son, etc. [JOD-Omaha]; i-ʰtsu-shka (i-ṭsú-shka) - nephew, son of a sister or father’s sister [FL-Osage]; i-ʰtso-shka (iʰcóška) - his wife’s brother’s son, his sister’s son, her brother’s son (more precise than English ‘his/her nephew’; his/her father’s sister’s son (his/her paternal aunt’s son; more precise than English ‘his/her cousin’ [CQ-Osage]; i-tso-shka (icóshka) - nephew, man’s sister’s son [Kaw]

 

► i-taⁿ-shka-de (ittą́škade), i-toⁿ-shka-de (ittǫ́škade) - to have as a nephew or cousin ► i-taⁿ-shka-a-de (ittą́škaade) - I, i-taⁿ-shka-da-de (ittą́škadade) - you

► Dhegiha: i-taⁿ-shka-the (i-t͓áⁿ-cka-¢ĕ) - to have one for an i-taⁿ-shka (it͓aⁿcka) [JOD-Omaha]

 

son-in-law, a man’s son-in-law

► i-toⁿ-te (ittǫ́tte), e-toⁿ-te (eTǫ́Te) - a man’s son-in-law ► wi-i-toⁿ-te (wittǫ́tte) - my, di-i-toⁿ-te (dittǫ́tte) - your

► Dhegiha: taⁿ-de-ha (tandéha) - son-in-law [JOD-Omaha]; i-ʰtoⁿ-de (i-ṭóⁿ-de), i-ʰtoⁿ-dse (i-ṭóⁿ-dse) - son-in-law [FL-Osage]; i-ʰtoⁿ-tse (iʰtǫ́ce) - his/her son-in-law [CQ-Osage]; i-toⁿ-je (itóⁿje) - son-in-law, his or her son-in-law [Kaw]

           

► wi-toⁿ-te (wittǫ́tte) - my son-in-law

► wi-to-ta (wittótta) - son-in-law, my son-in-law [OM]

► Dhegiha: wi-taⁿ-de (witáⁿde) - my son-in-law [JOD-Omaha]; wi-ʰtoⁿ-dse (wi ṭóⁿ-dse) - my son-in-law [FL-Osage]; wi-ʰtoⁿ-tse (wiʰtǫ́ce) - my son-in-law, used when speaker is male or female [CQ-Osage]; wi-toⁿ-je (witóⁿje) - my son-in-law [Kaw]

 

 

► di-i-toⁿ-te (dittǫ́tte) - your son-in-law

► Dhegiha: thi-ʰtoⁿ-tse (ðiʰtǫ́ce) - your son-in-law, used by anyone speaking to a man or a woman [CQ-Osage]; yi-toⁿ-je (yitóⁿje) - your son-in-law [Kaw]

                       

► i-toⁿ-te-de (ittǫ́ttede), e-toⁿ-te-de (eTǫ́Tede) - to have as a son-in-law ► i-toⁿ-te-a-de (ittǫ́tteade) - I, i-toⁿ-te-da-de (ittǫ́ttedade) - you

► Dhegiha: i-taⁿ-de-tha-i (itánde¢aí) - has him for his son-in-law [JOD-Omaha]; i-toⁿ-je-ye (itóⁿjeye) - to have for a son-in-law, to call someone i-toⁿ-je (itóⁿje) [Kaw]

 

son, first son

► iⁿ-knaⁿ (įkną́) - first son [JOD]

► iⁿ-kdaⁿ zhi-ka (įkdą́ žíka) - first born son

► iⁿ-kdaⁿ zhi (įkdą́ ží) - first son [MS]

► ex: iⁿ-knaⁿ, wa-zhiⁿ ki-te da ni-he (įkną́, wažį́ kkíte dá-nihé) - first son, go shoot some birds! [JOD]

► ex: “iⁿ-knaⁿ, aⁿ-ka-kde te,” i-ke tʰaⁿ (“įkną́, ąkákde tté,” iké tʰą) - “first son, let’s go home,” he said to him [JOD]

► ex: iⁿ-knaⁿ, be ti di-k’i niⁿ-ha (įkną́, be ttí dikʔí nįhą) - first son, who would give you a lodge [JOD]

► ex: iⁿ-knaⁿ, da-kdi a-e (įkną́, dakdí ae) - first son, you have come home? [JOD]

► ex: e-ti da, iⁿ-knaⁿ (étti dá, įkną́) - first son, you go there! [JOD]

► ex: iⁿ-knaⁿ, ha-zhoⁿ ni-kʰe, i-ke (įkną́, hažǫ́ nikʰé, iké) - “first son, what are you doing?” she said to him [JOD]

► ex: ti tʰe-ti kʰi naⁿ, “iⁿknaⁿ, naⁿ-pi-aⁿ-hi miⁿ-kʰe,” i-yi (ttí tʰétti kʰí ną, “įkną́, nąppią́hi mįkʰé,” iyí) - when they reached home, she said, “first son I am hungry” [JOD]

► Dhegiha: iⁿ-gthoⁿ (iⁿgthóⁿ) - first son, a birth order name [Omaha/Ponca]; iⁿ-gthoⁿ (iⁿ-gthóⁿ) - special kinship term for the first son, one that only the immediate family uses [FL-Osage]; i-loⁿ-ʰpa (ilǫ́ǫʰpa) - fist son in any clan [CQ-Osage]; i-loⁿ (ilǫ́ǫ), i-loⁿ-taⁿ (ilǫ́ǫʰtą) - eldest son [CQ-Osage]; i-loⁿ-ʰpa (ilǫ́ǫʰpa) - first son in any clan (probably a baby name) [CQ-Osage]; i-lo-a-pa (ilóapa) - first born son [Kaw]; i-lo hiⁿ-ga (ilóhíⁿga) - first born son [Kaw]

 

► kʰa-ke (kʰáke) - son, oldest boy’s birth name

► kʰa-ke (kʰáke) - oldest boy [MR, OM]

► kʰa-ke (kʰáke) - boy closer to you [AG]

► Dhegiha: kʰa-ge (ka-gé) - the _______ born son: also used as a vocative by brothers, parents, and grandparents [JOD-Omaha]; ka-ge (káge) - younger brother [Omaha]; ʰka-ge (ḳa-ge), ʰka-ge wa-ha-ge (ḳa-ge wa-ha-ge) - the last born of a number of young brothers, the younger brothers serve as messengers for the elder brothers [FL-Osage]; kxa-ke (kxáke) - third son or subsequent son, synonymous with kxa-zhiⁿ (kxážį) - third son or subsequent son in any clan [CQ-Osage]; kʰa-ge (kʰage) - 3rd son, all the way down past 3rd [Kaw]

 

► kʰa-zhiⁿ (kʰážį) - first son, birth name

 

son, fourth son’s birthname

► kʰa-ke zhi-ka (kʰaké žíka) - son, 4th son’s birthname

 

son, second born son

► iⁿ-kʰe zhi-ka (įkʰé žíka), kʰe zhi-ka (kʰe žíka) - second born son; birth name

 

son, third son’s birthname

► kʰa-ke (kʰáke) - son, third son’s birthname

► ex: “kʰa-ke, ha-ki ni-ka-shi-ka e-ti niⁿ-kʰe,” i-yi (“kʰáke, hakí níkkašíka ettí nįkʰe,” iyí) - “younger brother, where is the human being?” he said [JOD]

► ex: “ha-ki ni-ka-shi-ka e-ti niⁿ, kʰa-ke,” i-ye (“hakí níkkašíka ettí nį, kʰáke,” íye) - “where is the human being? younger brother,” he said [JOD]

► ex: “kʰa-ke, ni-ka-shi-ka ha-ki e-ti niⁿ,” i-ye (“kʰáke, níkkašíka hakí ettí nį,” iyé) - “younger brother, where is the human being?” he said [JOD]

► ex: kʰa-ke, ha-zhoⁿ wi-ke (kʰáke, hažǫ́ wike) - younger brothers, what are you doing [JOD]

► Dhegiha: kʰa-ge (ka-gé) - the _______ born son: also used as a vocative by brothers, parents, and grandparents [JOD-Omaha]; ka-ge (káge) - younger brother [Omaha]; ʰka-ge (ḳa-ge), ʰka-ge wa-ha-ge (ḳa-ge wa-ha-ge) - the last born of a number of young brothers, the younger brothers serve as messengers for the elder brothers [FL-Osage]; kxa-ke (kxáke) - third son or subsequent son, synonymous with kxa-zhiⁿ (kxážį) - third son or subsequent son in any clan [CQ-Osage]; kʰa-ge (kʰage) - 3rd son, all the way down past 3rd [Kaw]

 

songs, sing dancing songs

► xo-ka (xókka) - sing dancing songs ► a-xo-ka (axókka) - I, da-xo-ka (daxókka) - you

► xo-ka (hŭk-kah) - sing (chanter) [GI]

► cf. i-ni-da-he xo-ka (ínidáhe xókka) - sing dancing songs

► ex: a-wa-xo-ka (awáxokká) - I sing to them [JOD]

► ex: xo-ka (xókka) - he sang [JOD]

► ex: xo-ka niⁿ (xókka nį) - he is/was singing [JOD]

► ex: si-ka taⁿ-ka ma-xi-ka-zhi wa-xo-ka niⁿ-kʰe (síkka ttą́ka máxikáži waxókka nįkʰe) - the wild turkey was singing [JOD]

► Dhegiha: xu-ka (qúka) - to sing when others dance, to sing a dancing song [Omaha/Ponca]; xo-ʰka (xóʰka) - sing dancing songs, singers and drummers, all singers of dancing songs [CQ-Osage]

 

songs, sing dancing songs slowly

► i-ni-da-he xo-ka (ínidáhe xókka) - sing dancing songs slowly ► i-ni-da-he a-xo-ka (ínidáhe axókka) - I, i-ni-da-he da-xo-ka (ínidáhe daxókka) - you

► cf. xo-ka (xókka) - sing dancing songs

► Dhegiha: xu-ka (qúka) - to sing when others dance, to sing a dancing song [Omaha/Ponca]; xo-ʰka (xóʰka) - sing dancing songs, singers and drummers, all singers of dancing songs [CQ-Osage]

 

songs, to sing non dancing songs

► wa-naⁿ (waną́) - sing (not dancing songs) ► a-wa-naⁿ (awáną) - I, wa-da-naⁿ (wadáną) - you

► ex: ma-shtiⁿ-ke niⁿ e-wa-naⁿ niⁿ (maštį́ke nį éwaną nį) - the rabbit was singing it (the aforementioned) as he was moving along [JOD]

► Dhegiha: wa-’oⁿ (waoⁿ) - sing, song, choir, music, hum, hymn [Omaha]; wa-’aⁿ (wa’áⁿ) - sing, song [JOD-Omaha]; wa-thoⁿ (wa-thóⁿ) - to sing; a song [FL-Osage]; wa-thoⁿ (waaðǫ́) - sing, song [CQ-Osage]; wa-yoⁿ (wayóⁿ), wa-’oⁿ (wa’óⁿ) - sing; song [Kaw]

 

soon, as soon as

► o-taⁿ-ka (óttąka) - as soon as [JOD]

► ex: pe-ta-ti o-taⁿ-ka (péttatti óttąka) - early in the spring [JOD]

► ex: haⁿ-ba o-taⁿ-ka hi taⁿ (hą́ba otą́ka hi ttą́) - day/as soon as/it arrives/when [JOD]

► ex: haⁿ-ba o-taⁿ-ka hi taⁿ o-da-kda-x’a-x’a ta-i i-we-ke i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (hą́ba otą́ka hi ttą́ odákdaxʔáxʔa taí iwéke iyá maštį́ke) - as soon as day arrives, you’all will give the scalp yell, rabbit said to them, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: haⁿ-ba o-taⁿ-ka hi taⁿ, hoⁿ-tʰaⁿ-hi ni-ka-shi-ka zho-hi hi o-kda-x’a-x’a-we, i-ya (hą́ba otą́ka hi ttą́, hǫ́tʰąhi níkkašíka žóhi hi okdáxʔaxʔáwe, iyá) - as soon as it was day, at that time, a great many of people gave the scalp yell, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: a-shi-ti hi o-taⁿ-ka hi taⁿ (ášitti hi otąka hi tą) - outside of the lodge/he arrived/as soon as/very/when

► ex: a-shi-ti hi o-taⁿ-ka hi taⁿ ma-shtiⁿ-ke t’e-de i-ya wa-sa (ášitti hi otąka hi tą maštį́ke tʔede iyá wasá) - just as soon as the black bear went outside, the rabbit killed him, (shot the black bear, giving him a fatal wound) it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: haⁿ-ba o-taⁿ-ka hi taⁿ, wa-te-baⁿ i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke tʰaⁿ (hą́ba otą́ka hi tą, wattébą́ iyá maštį́ke tʰą) - as soon as day arrived, the rabbit gave the attack signal, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► Dhegiha: u-wa-tʰoⁿ-ga (úwatʰóⁿga) - as soon as [Omaha/Ponca]; wi-u-tʰoⁿ-ga (wíutʰóⁿga) - as soon as, immediately after, directly [Omaha/Ponca]; wi-u-wa-tʰoⁿ-ga (wíuwatʰóⁿga) - as soon as [Omaha/Ponca]

 

soon, not a long time

► ti-aⁿ-zhi (ttią́ži) - not a long time, soon [JOD]

► cf. ti-aⁿ-he (ttią́he) - long ago; ti-aⁿ-hi (ttią́hi) - a long time, a very long time, long ago, for a long time [JOD]; ti-aⁿ-ti (ttią́tti) - in the olden times, old time [JOD]

► ex: ti-aⁿ-zhi hi (ttią́ži hí) - not a long time, very soon [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ ti-aⁿ-zhi hi ha-t’e (kóišǫ́ttą ttią́ži hí hatʔé) - then in a very short time, he became sick [JOD]

► ex: e-ti-tʰaⁿ ta-bde kaⁿ-tʰaⁿ naⁿ ni-ka wi-ta, pa-ze de taⁿ kdi kaⁿ-tʰaⁿ naⁿ, e-ti-tʰaⁿ ti-a-zhi hi ha-t’e zho-ka-te a-ta-ha (ettítʰą tábde ką-tʰą́ ną níkka wittá, ppáze dé tą kdí ką-tʰą́ ną, ettítʰą ttiąži hí hatʔé žókkatte attahá) - then my husband had been hunting, he returned after dark, then shortly after that he became sick with a severe fever [JOD]

 

soot, yellowed by smoke

► sho-te ta-zi (šótte ttázi) - soot, yellowed by smoke

► cf. sho-te (šótte) - smoke; ta-zi (ttázi) - burnt yellow; hiⁿ-ta-zi (hįttazí) - brown, oak colored

► Dhegiha: shu-de na-zi (shúdenazi) - soot, “turned yellow or brown by smoke” [Omaha/Ponca]

► Dhegiha: shu-de (shúde) - smoke; to smoke as a fire [Omaha/Ponca]; shu-de (shide) - smoky; smoke, as a fire [Omaha]; sho-dse (shódse) - smoke [FL-Osage]; sho-tse (šóce) - smoke, smoky, dingy, gray [CQ-Osage]; sho-je (shóje) - smoke, fog, to smoke [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: na-zi (názi) - smoked yellow, as an old tent; to scorch or smoke an object yellow; to be burnt or scorched yellow [JOD-Omaha]; da-zi-hi (dá-çi-hi) - to burn a stick until it becomes yellow [FL-Osage]; ta-zi-hi (taazíhi) - brown, become brown by application of heat; (be) browned, fried [CQ-Osage]; da-zi-hi (dázihi) - to become yellow; become grayish-yellow [Kaw]

 

sore, a boil

► de-ska-kde (déskakde) - boil, sore

► Dhegiha: the-ska-gthe (théskagthe) - a purulent swelling or boil about an inch in diameter; boils or pimples, sometimes on the face, they do not break and discharge pus in all cases, if the “seed” be removed, the lumps will soon disappear [Omaha/Ponca]; the-ska-gthe (thé-çka-gthe) - a boil; carbuncle [FL-Osage]; the-ska-li (ðéskali) - boil, sore [CQ-Osage]

 

► xdi-xdi (xdíxdi), xti-xti (xtíxti) - boil; a sore on the body

► cf. xdi (xdi) - mucous, pus, corruption; pa-xni (ppaxní) - snot, nasal mucus

► Dhegiha: xthi-xthi (qthíqthi) - to have the body covered with running sores [Omaha/Ponca]

► Dhegiha: xthi (qthi) - a raw place, a running sore; to ooze out, as pus from a boil or pimple that has burst; to break out in sores [Omaha/Ponca]; xthi (xthi) - sore, opus [Omaha]; xthi (qthi) - ooze, break out; to ooze out as pus from a boil or pimple that has burst; to break out in sores; xthi (xthi) - fester, suppurate [FL-Osage]; xliⁿ (xlíⁿ) - mucus, pus [Kaw]

 

sore, pain, ache

► iⁿ-te (įté), iⁿ-de (įdé) - to have a pain, ache, hurt ► aⁿ-te (ąté) - I, di-iⁿ-te (díįte) - you, waⁿ-te-a-we (wą́teáwe) - we

► iⁿ-de (įdé) - hurt [AG]

► ex: aⁿ-te (ąté) - hurt me, I’m hurting [MS]

 

► hi iⁿ-te (hi įté) - toothache, have a toothache ► hi aⁿ-te (hi ąté) - I, hi di-iⁿ-te (hi díįté) - you, waⁿ-te-a-we (wą́[t]teáwe) - we

► cf. hi (hi) - tooth; iⁿ-te (įté), iⁿ-de (įdé) - ache, hurt, to have a pain

► Dhegiha: hi (hi) - tooth, teeth [Omaha/Ponca]; hi (hi) - tooth or teeth [FL-Osage]; hi (híi) - tooth, teeth [CQ-Osage]; hi (hi) - tooth, teeth [Kaw]

 

► mo-iⁿ-ke iⁿ-te (moį́ke įté) - angina, chest pain ► mo-iⁿ-ke aⁿ-te (moį́ke ąté) - I, mo-iⁿ-ke di-iⁿ-te (moį́ke díįté) - you

► cf. maⁿ-ke (mą́ke), maⁿ-iⁿ-ke (mąį́ke), mo-iⁿ-ke (moį́ke) - chest, chest of a male; iⁿ-te (įté), iⁿ-de (įdé) - to have a pain, ache, hurt

► Dhegiha: moⁿ-ge (móⁿge) - chest [Omaha/Ponca]; moⁿ-ge (moⁿge) - human chest, breast [Omaha]; moⁿ-ge (móⁿ-ge) - breast or chest of a human being [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-ke (mą́ąke), moⁿ-ke (mǫ́ǫke) - chest [CQ-Osage]; maⁿ-ge (máⁿge) - chest of a man, breast of an animal [Kaw]

 

► o-ki-te iⁿ-te (okkítte įté) - to have rheumatism, “joint pain” ► o-ki-te aⁿ-te (okkítte ąté) - I, o-ki-te di-iⁿ-te (okkítte díįté) - you

► cf. o-ki-te (okkítte) - joint; iⁿ-te (įté), iⁿ-de (įdé) - ache, hurt, to have a pain

► Dhegiha: u-kʰi-tʰe (ukʰítʰe) - joint [Omaha/Ponca]; u-ki-te (úkite) - joint [Omaha]; u-ʰki-tse (u-ḳí-tse) - a joint [FL-Osage]; o-ki-che (okíche), o-ku-che (okúche) - joint, the place where two bones are joined [Kaw]

 

► pa-hiⁿ-te (ppahį́te) - to have a headache ► pa-hi aⁿ-te (ppahí ąté) - I, pa-hi di-iⁿ-te (ppahí diįté) - you, pa-hi waⁿ-te-a-we (ppahí wą́teáwe) - we

► pa-hi iⁿ-te (ppahí įté), pa-hi iⁿ-de (ppahí įdé) - headache [MS, AG]

► cf. pa-hi (ppahí) - head; iⁿ-te (įté), iⁿ-de (įdé) - ache, hurt, to have a pain

► ex: pa-hi aⁿ-de miⁿ-kʰe (ppahí ądé mįkʰé) - I've got a headache [AG]

► ex: pa-hi iⁿ-de (ppahí įdé) - I have a headache (to have a headache, he/she has a headache) [OM]

 

► ta iⁿ-te (tta į́te) - diarrhea, to have diarrhea, “belly pain” ► ta i-aⁿ-te (ttá íąté) - I, ta i-di-iⁿ-te (ttá ídiį́te) - you

► cf. ta-iⁿ (ttaį́) - belly below navel; iⁿ-te (įté), iⁿ-de (įdé) - ache, hurt, to have a pain

 

► zho iⁿ-de (jŭ-indeh) - pain (douleur), “body/flesh pain” [GI]

► cf. zho (žo) - flesh, meat; iⁿ-te (įté), iⁿ-de (įdé) - ache, hurt, to have a pain

► Dhegiha: zhu (zhu) - flesh, body [Omaha/Ponca]; zhu (ju) - flesh; a body [JOD-Omaha]; zhu (zhu) - flesh or body [FL-Osage]

 

sorrel, chestnut

► hiⁿ zhi-te (hį žítte) - sorrel

► cf. hiⁿ ta-zi (hįttazí) - brown, oak colored; zhi-te (žítte) - red

 

sort, any sort of bread

► wa-ske (wáske), wa-ske (waské) - bread, cake or any sort

► wa-ske (wáske) - bread [AG, OM]

► wa-ske (uaskeh) - bread, loaf (pain) [GI]

► wa-ske (wá˙sGe) - bread [FS]

► ex: wa-ske di-shoⁿ-shoⁿ (wáske dišǫ́šǫ) - dumplings, corn

► ex: wa-ske ski-de (wáskeskíde) - cake

► ex: wa-ske taⁿ-ka (wáske ttą́ka) - rye bread [MS]

► ex: wa-ske we-kdiu-ta-haⁿ (waské wékdütahą) - fry bread [MS, MR, FR]

► ex: ma-ze-ni wa-ske (mazéni wáske) - cheese, lit. “milk bread/cake”

► ex: pe-zhe-xta wa-ske (ppežéxta wáske) - wheat bread

► ex: wa-di-taⁿ-ha wa-ske (wadíttąha waské) - cornbread

► ex: a-pʰe a-taⁿ wa-ske pa-xa-taⁿ bda-tʰe e-shoⁿ a-ni-he (ápʰe áttą wáske ppaγá-ttą bdatʰé ešǫ́ aníhe) - I pounded and made bread and I ate it [JOD]

► ex: wa-ske ka-xa hne (wáske káγa hné) - make bread! [MS]

► ex: wa-ske koⁿ-bda (wáske kkǫbdá) - I want bread [MS]

► Dhegiha: wa-ske (wá-skĕ) - the hard masses into which parched and pounded corn is kneaded in making “wacañge” [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: wa-mu-ske (wamúçke) - bread, barley [Omaha]; wa-mu-ske (wamúske) - wheat, bread, wheat bread [Omaha/Ponca]; wa-bo-ske (wa-bó-çke) - wheat, flour [FL-Osage]; wa-bo-ski (wabóski) - bread, wheat flour [Kaw]

 

sort, fruit of any sort

► wa-ski-de (waskíde) - fruit of any sort

► cf. ski-de (skíde) - sweet

► Dhegiha: wa-ski-the (waçkithe) - dessert; pudding; jelly; fruit; berries [Omaha]; wa-ski-the (wa-çkí-the) - sauce; fruit; sweet food [FL-Osage]; wa-sku-e (waskúe) - fruit, dessert, any sweet food or sweet sauce [CQ-Osage]; wa-sku-we (waskúwe) - fruit, sweets, berries [Kaw]

 

sort, only that sort

► e-koⁿ naⁿ (ekǫ́ ną́) - only that sort, only that kind

► cf. e-kaⁿ (eką́), e-koⁿ (ekǫ́) - that sort, like, thus, like that, so; naⁿ-hi (nąhí) - alone, all alone; e-naⁿ (éną), e-naⁿ hi (enąhí) - only that, him, her, it

► ex: e-koⁿ naⁿ (ekǫ́ ną́) - only that sort [JOD]

► ex: “hoⁿ, e-koⁿ naⁿ o-a-te a-ni-he,” i-yi i-ya sni-wa-te (“hǫ, ekǫ́ ną́ oátte anihé,” iyí iyá sniwátte) - “yes, I have been looking for just that kind,” it is said Winter said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: e-goⁿ (egoⁿ) - kind, type, as, like, certainly, action [Omaha]; e-goⁿ (e-goⁿ) - like, verily, very (FL-Osage); e-koⁿ (ékǫ) - like, similar to, like that, likewise, similarly, somewhat, kind of, rather, slightly, a bit, right, correctly, correct, appropriate, appropriately, that is right, true, that’s the way, thus, therefore, mean, signify, happen, be so [CQ-Osage]; e-go (égo) - like, as, so [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: e-naⁿ (enáⁿ) - that only [JOD-Omaha]; e-noⁿ (e-nóⁿ) - only one, sole, exclusive [FL-Osage]; e-na (eená), e-naⁿ (eeną́) - be the only one, that only, therefore, that’s why, enough [CQ-Osage]; hnaⁿ e (hnaⁿ é) - alone, only, just [Kaw]

 

sort, separate

► di-ki-da-ha (díkkidáha) - separate, sort ► bdi-ki-da-ha (bdíkkidaha) - I, ti-ki-da-ha (ttíkkidaha) - you

► cf. ki-da-ha (kkidáha) - separated

► Dhegiha: thi-ʰki-tha-ha (thí-ḳi-tha-ha) - to separate, to pull apart; to sunder; to rend apart; to sever; to disconnect; to disjoint [FL-Osage]; yu-ki-ya-ha (yukíyaha) - pull apart things that are stuck together, take something apart [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: thi-a-kʰi-tha-ha (¢i-á-ki-¢a-há) - to separate two objects by pulling them apart [JOD-Omaha]

 

sort, so or of that sort

► koi-shoⁿ (kóišǫ) - so or of that sort [JOD]

► cf. koi-shoⁿ (kóišǫ́) - so, or in that case [JOD]; koi-shoⁿ (kóišǫ́) - then, despite, notwithstanding

 

sort, that sort

► e-kaⁿ (eką́), e-koⁿ (ekǫ́) - that sort, like, thus, like that, so

► ex: e-koⁿ (ekǫ́) - that sort [JOD]

► ex: “wi-e e-koⁿ wa-bda-ta-zhi moⁿ,” i-ye niⁿ-kʰe, i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“wíe ekǫ́ wá-bdatáži mǫ́,” iyé nįkʰé, iyá maštį́ke) - the Rabbit said, “I am not accustomed to eating that kind (of food),” it is said [JOD]

► ex: e-koⁿ (ekǫ́) - like it [JOD]

► ex: “hoⁿ-zhi, e-koⁿ o-a-ta-zhi a-ni-he,” i-yi i-ya sni-wa-te (“hǫží, ekǫ́ oáttaži anihé,” iyí iyá sniwátte) - “no, I am not looking for that kind,” it is said Winter said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: e-goⁿ (egoⁿ) - kind, type, as, like, certainly, action [Omaha]; e-goⁿ (e-goⁿ) - like, verily, very (FL-Osage); e-koⁿ (ékǫ) - like, similar to, like that, likewise, similarly, somewhat, kind of, rather, slightly, a bit, right, correctly, correct, appropriate, appropriately, that is right, true, that’s the way, thus, therefore, mean, signify, happen, be so [CQ-Osage]; e-go (égo) - like, as, so [Kaw]

 

► koⁿ (kǫ́) - sort [JOD]

► ex: maⁿ-o-zhi k’iⁿ koⁿ pa naⁿ (mą́oží kʔį́ kǫ́ ppá ną) - quiver/carries on his back/sort/the ones who (as a class) [JOD]

► ex: “e-ska, wi-zhiⁿ-ke, iⁿ-tʰoⁿ-na maⁿ-o-zhi k’iⁿ koⁿ pa naⁿ wi-a-de pa e-koⁿ kaⁿ, i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“éska, wižį́ke, įtʰǫ́na mą́oží kʔį́ kǫ́ ppá ną wiáde ppá ékǫ kką,” iyí iyá maštį́ke) - “Oh my son I hope that you become like the young unmarried men (able to take wives) whom I have seen carrying quivers on their backs,” it is said Rabbit said [JOD]

 

sort, this sort

► de-kaⁿ (deką́), de-koⁿ (dekǫ́) - this sort; this kind, like this [JOD]

► cf. de (de) - this; e-kaⁿ (eką́), e-koⁿ (ekǫ́) - that sort, like, thus, like that, so; koⁿ (kǫ), kaⁿ (ką) - as, since, so

► Dhegiha: the-goⁿ (thégoⁿ) - thus, so, after this manner, of this sort [Omaha/Ponca]; the-goⁿ (thé-goⁿ) - like this, this kind [FL-Osage]; the e-koⁿ (ðée ekǫ́) - this way, that way, thus, like this, like that [CQ-Osage]

 

 

soul, spirit, ghost

► wa-na-xe (wanáγe) - ghost, spirit

► wa-na-xe (wanáγe) - ghost [MS]

► cf. wa-po-ka wa-na-xe (wappóka wanáγe) - owl, eared, Asio otus

► ex: wa-na-xe di-ni-ke ta-i-tʰe (wanáγe diníke taitʰé) - you’all shall be without a soul, spirit, and mind [JOD]

► Dhegiha: wa-na-xe (wanáxe) - ghost, spirit [Omaha/Ponca]; wa-noⁿ-xe (wanóⁿxe) - ghost, spirit [Omaha]; wa-noⁿ-xe (wa-nóⁿ-xe) - the soul of a man, the spirit used in rituals, a ghost [FL-Osage]; wa-naⁿ-xe (waną́ąγe) - spirit, holy spirit, ghost, soul [CQ-Osage]; wa-naⁿ-ghe (wanáⁿghe) - ghost, spirit [Kaw]

 

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