Quapaw Dictionary

English to Quapaw Dictionary
A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H-I-J-K-L-M-N-O-P-Q-R-S-T-U-V-W-X-Y-Z
Quapaw Sources	Dhegiha Sources

saber - scarf scarlet - seeds seesaw - shaman shame - shore

short - sigh sight - sitting six - slivers slow - soak

soap - soul sound - spits splash - stands star - stockings

stomach - stretching stride - Sunday sunrise - syrup

short

► shte-ka (štéka), (šteká) - short

► shte-ka hi (šteká hi) - short, “very short” [MS]

► ex: wa-tʰe shte-ka (watʰé šteká) - short dress [JOD]

► ex: wa-x’o naⁿ-haⁿ ke wa-tʰe shte-ka i-niⁿ pa naⁿ (waxʔó nąhą́ ke watʰé šteká inį́ pa ną́) - grown women wore short dresses [JOD]

► ex: di-ti wa-hi o-shte-ka (dítti wahi oštéka) - short rib

► ex: hoⁿ-biⁿ-te-a-ha shte-ka (hǫbį́tteáha štéka) - slippers, lit., “short moccasin flaps”

► ex: ma-ze shte-ka (mazé štéka) - pistol

► ta-pa (táppa) - short

► Dhegiha: doⁿ-pʰa (dóⁿpʰa) - short off, blunt [Omaha/Ponca]; toⁿ-pa (toⁿpa) - short [Omaha]’ da-ʰpa (da-pa), dsa-ʰpa (dsá-pa) - short; a short man; anything not long [FL-Osage]; cha-ʰpa (čáaʰpa) - short; rounded and somewhat squat; short or small [CQ-Osage]; da-pa (dápa) - be short [Kaw]

short cut, the shortest way

► i-do-taⁿ (ídottą) - short cut, the shortest way

► cf. do-taⁿ (dóttą), do-toⁿ (dóttǫ) - straight; o-zhoⁿ-ke do-taⁿ hi (ožǫ́ke dóttą hí) - a very straight road [JOD]; do-taⁿ ka-xe (dóttą káγe) - straighten, pull straight; di-do-taⁿ (didottą́) - straighten; o-do-taⁿ (ódottą́) - right, to be right

► Dhegiha: i-thu-ʰtoⁿ (í-thu-ṭoⁿ) - in a straight line, or to cut across [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: thu-tʰoⁿ (thútʰoⁿ) - straight, correct [Omaha/Ponca]; thu-toⁿ (thu tóⁿ) - beeline; straight [Omaha]; thu-taⁿ (¢ú-taⁿ) - straight, correct [JOD-Omaha]; tho-ʰtoⁿ (thó-ṭoⁿ) - in the middle of the heaven [FL-Osage]; yo-taⁿ (yótaⁿ) - straight up [Kaw]

short end, pull something upright on short end

► bda-ska i-tʰe-de (bdáska itʰéde) - pull something upright on short end ► bda-ska i-tʰe-a-de (bdáska itʰéadé) - I, bda-ska i-tʰe-da-de (bdáska itʰédadé) - you

► cf. bda-ska (bdáska) - flat; i-tʰe-de (itʰéde) - stand something up, singular/standing/inanimate

► Dhegiha: btha-ska (btháska) - flat [Omaha/Ponca]; btha-ska (bthaska) - flat [Omaha]; btha-ska (b¢á-ska) - flat, as boards [JOD-Omaha]; btha-ska (bthá-çka) - flatten [FL-Osage]; bra-ska (bráaska) - flat [CQ-Osage]; bla-ska (bláska) - flat, as the edges, not the surfaces, of something [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: i-te-the (i-té-¢ĕ) - put it; to put or place, make stand, usually applied to objects standing on end, as barrels; to put many small things in one pile or heap [JOD-Omaha]; i-tse-the (i-tsé-the) - to place with someone for safe keeping; to put down something erect [FL-Osage]; i-che-ye (ichéye) - put down a standing/inanimate object or pile of objects [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ʰki-i-tse-the (ḳí-i-tse-the) - to put down a thing that can stand, as a filled bag, a pole, or a gun [FL-Osage]; ʰki-tsʰe-the (ʰkícʰeðe) - put down, set down, or place a standing item on a surface [CQ-Osage]; ki-tsʰe-the (kícʰeðe) - keep, set aside, put away, save as a memento or treasure [CQ-Osage]

short intervals, to cause one to do so at short intervals

► kda-he-he e-ki-oⁿ-ki-de (kdahéhe ékiǫ-kkidé) - to cause one to do so at short intervals

► cf. kda-he-he ((kdahéhe) - often, once in a while; e-ki-oⁿ (ékiǫ) - do as someone has said or done; ki-de (kkidé) - cause one’s own

► ex: kda-he-he e-ki-oⁿ-ki-de (kdahéhe ékiǫ-kkidé) - he caused him to do so at short intervals [JOD]

► ex: shi-naⁿ e-ti-hi kda-he-he e-ki-oⁿ-ki-de tʰaⁿ naⁿ, i-ya (šíną ettíhi kdahéhe ékiǫ-kkidé tʰą ną, iyá) - at that time, he (Rabbit) made him (Rabbit’s son) do it repeatedly, it is said [JOD]

short rib

► di-ti wa-hi o-shte-ka (dítti wahi oštéka) - short rib

► cf. di-ti (dítti) - rib, ribs; wa-hi (wahí) - bone; shte-ka (štéka) - short

► Dhegiha: thi-tiⁿ wa-hi u-sha-gthe (¢í-t͓iⁿ wá-hi u-cá-g¢e) - the smallest rib [JOD-Omaha]; thi-ti u-sha-gthe (thi tiushagthe) - short ribs [Omaha]

short time ago, just now

► di-o-za (dióza) - just now, a short time ago

► ex: di-o-za (dióza) - in a little while; a little while ago [JOD]

► ex: o-di-o-za (ódióza) - in a little while [JOD]

► ex: o-di-o-za hi (odiózahí) - in a very little while [JOD]

► ex: naⁿ-zha di-o-za hi o-xde (ną́ža dióza hí oxdé) - then in a very short time he overtook her [JOD]

► ex: naⁿ-zha o-di-o-za hi o-do-tʰe tʰi ki-ha (ną́ža ódióza hí ódotʰe tʰí kihá) - then, in a very short time the man eater had come [JOD]

► ex: bdo-ka o-di-o-za hi o-wa-xde (bdoká odiózahí ówaxde) - in a very short time, he overtook the entire group [JOD]

► ex: “di-e-taⁿ di-o-za t’e-da-de tʰe ho-taⁿ ni-tʰe,” i-yi i-ya (“díettą dióza tʔédadé tʰe hóttą nitʰé,” iyí iyá) - “It would be good if it had been you that had recently killed it,” it is said she said (The words of the old woman are not to be taken literally. Even though she doubted him, she was proud of what the rabbit said he had done, and was praising him. Though he was deformed, he had done what should have been done long ago by others.) [JOD]

short time, not a long time

► ti-aⁿ-zhi (ttią́ži) - not a long time, soon [JOD]

► cf. ti-aⁿ-he (ttią́he) - long ago; ti-aⁿ-hi (ttią́hi) - a long time, a very long time, long ago, for a long time [JOD]; ti-aⁿ-ti (ttią́tti) - in the olden times, old time [JOD]

► ex: ti-aⁿ-zhi hi (ttią́ži hí) - not a long time, very soon [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ ti-aⁿ-zhi hi ha-t’e (kóišǫ́ttą ttią́ži hí hatʔé) - then in a very short time, he became sick [JOD]

► ex: e-ti-tʰaⁿ ta-bde kaⁿ-tʰaⁿ naⁿ ni-ka wi-ta, pa-ze de taⁿ kdi kaⁿ-tʰaⁿ naⁿ, e-ti-tʰaⁿ ti-a-zhi hi ha-t’e zho-ka-te a-ta-ha (ettítʰą tábde ką-tʰą́ ną níkka wittá, ppáze dé tą kdí ką-tʰą́ ną, ettítʰą ttiąži hí hatʔé žókkatte attahá) - then my husband had been hunting, he returned after dark, then shortly after that he became sick with a severe fever [JOD]

short, crop the hair short

► ni-zhi-ha a-di-ski (nižíha ádiski) - shave the head, crop short, to shave or cut off short, as the hair of the head

► cf. ni-zhi-ha (nižíha) - hair of the human head; a-di-ski (ádiski) - cut off all the hair, shave; to wear the hair shingled; we-da-di-ski (wédadíski) - scissors

short, cut short with a knife

► pa-te-shka (pátteška) - cut short with a knife ► pa-a-te-shka (páattéška) - I, pa-da-te-shka (pádattéška) - you

► cf. pa (pá) - by cutting with a knife; te-shka (ttešká) - short, stubby; bi-te-shka (bittešká) - press down, rub down; da-te-shka (dattešká) - bite off, shorten; di-te-shka (dittešká), (dittéška) - shorten, cut short, saw off; ka-te-shka (kattešká) - shorten by chopping of; po-te-shka (pótteška) - shorten by shooting or punching; ta-te-shka (tátteška) - shorten by burning, burn off; ta-te-shka-de (tátteškade) - shorten by burning, burn off

► Dhegiha: te-shka (téshka), che-shka (chéshka), chʰe-shka (chʰéshka) - short [Omaha/Ponca]; je-shka (jéshka) - short [Omaha]; ʰtse-shka (ṭse shka) - short, stunted [FL-Osage]

short, cut the hair of the head short with scissors

► a-di-k’a-xe-hi (ádikʔáγehi) - cut the hair of the head short with scissors ► a-bdi-k’a-xe-hi (ábdikʔáγehi) - I, a-ti-k’a-xe-hi (áttikʔáγehi) - you

short, fall short or fail

► di-sh’a (dišʔá) - fail, fall short ► bdi-sh’a (bdíšʔa) - I, ti-sh’a (ttíšʔa) - you, di-sh’a-wi (dišʔawi), di-sh’a-i (dišʔai) - they

► cf. o-di-sh’a-ke (odíšʔake) - refuse, be unwilling, decline; da-sha-’a (dašʔá) - fail to finish eating

► ex: di-sh’a (dišʔá) - he failed [JOD]

► ex: shi-noⁿ di-sh’a (šínǫ dišʔá) - he failed again [JOD]

► ex: ka-xe di-sh’a (kaγé dišʔá) - he failed to make it [JOD]

► ex: ha-t’e naⁿ di-sh’a i-ki-ba-haⁿ (hatʔé ną dišʔá íkibahą́) - he knew he would fail because of his sickness [JOD]

► ex: e-ti-tʰaⁿ wa-x’o zhi-ka niⁿ di-sh’a (ettítʰą waxʔó žiká nį dišʔá) - then the old woman gave out [JOD]

► ex: e-ti-tʰaⁿ i-naⁿ-pa niⁿ di-sh’a (ettítʰą ínąp͓á nį dišʔá) - then the second one gave out [JOD]

► ex: e-ti-tʰaⁿ i-da-bniⁿ di-sh’a (ettítʰą ídabnį dišʔá) - then the third one gave out [JOD]

► ex: di-sh’a-wi (dišʔawi) - they failed [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ e-ti mi-zhi-ka za-ni hi i-k’i-ta-i taⁿ di-sh’a-wi (kóišǫ́ttą étti mižíka zaní hi íkʔitaí tą dišʔawi) - then, every single one of the girls there tried it and they failed [JOD]

► ex: di-sh’a-i (dišʔai) - they failed [JOD]

► ex: di-sh’a-i taⁿ za-ni di-sh’a-i taⁿ wa-haⁿ niⁿ-ke niⁿ-kʰe ki-k’i de-da-wi (dišʔai tą zaní dišʔaí tą wahą́nįké nįkʰé kikʔí dedáwi) - they all failed, when they failed, they gave it back to the orphan [JOD]

► Dhegiha: thi-’a (thi’á) - to be unable [Omaha/Ponca]; thi-’a (thia) - fail, miss, unable, I could not, could not make it [Omaha]; thu-ʰts’a-ge (thu-ṭs’á-ge) - unable, inability to do, failure to to a thing, work left unfinished, to fail [FL-Osage]; thu-ts’a-ke (ðuucʔáke) - be unable to do, fail at [CQ-Osage]; yu-ts’a-ge (yuts’áge) - unable to do, not to work, fail to act [Kaw]

short, stubby

► te-shka (ttešká) - short, stubby

► ex: ma-ze te-shka (mazé ttéška) - pistol

► ex: bi-te-shka (bittešká) - press down, rub down

► ex: da-te-shka (dattešká) - bite off, shorten

► ex: di-te-shka (dittešká), (dittéška) - shorten, cut short, saw off

► ex: ka-te-shka (kattešká) - shorten by chopping of

► ex: pa-te-shka (pátteška) - cut short with a knife

► ex: po-te-shka (pótteška) - shorten by shooting or punching

► ex: ta-te-shka (tátteška) - shorten by burning, burn off

ta-te-shka-de (tátteškade) - shorten by burning, burn off

► Dhegiha: te-shka (téshka), che-shka (chéshka), chʰe-shka (chʰéshka) - short [Omaha/Ponca]; je-shka (jéshka) - short [Omaha]; ʰtse-shka (ṭse shka) - short, stunted [FL-Osage]

shorten by burning, burn off

► ta-te-shka (tátteška) - shorten by burning, burn off

► cf. ta (tá) - by extreme temperature; te-shka (ttešká) - short, stubby; ta-te-shka-a-de (tátteškade) - shorten by burning, burn off; bi-te-shka (bittešká) - press down, rub down; da-te-shka (dattešká) - bite off, shorten; di-te-shka (dittešká, dittéška) - shorten, cut short, saw off; ka-te-shka (kattešká) - shorten by chopping off; pa-te-shka (pátteška) - cut short with a knife; po-te-shka (pótteška) - shorten by shooting/punching

► Dhegiha: te-shka (téshka), che-shka (chéshka), chʰe-shka (chʰéshka) - short [Omaha/Ponca]; je-shka (jéshka) - short [Omaha]; ʰtse-shka (ṭse shka) - short, stunted [FL-Osage]

► ta-te-shka-de (tátteškade) - shorten by burning, burn off ► ta-te-shka a-de (tátteška áde) - I, ta-te-shka da-de (tátteška dáde) - you

► cf. ta (tá) - by extreme temperature; te-shka (ttešká) - short, stubby; de (de) - cause to; ta-te-shka (tátteška) - shorten by burning, burn off; ma-ze te-shka (mazé ttéška) - pistol; bi-te-shka (bittešká) - press down, rub down; da-te-shka (dattešká) - bite off, shorten; di-te-shka (dittešká, dittéška) - shorten, cut short, saw off; ka-te-shka (kattešká) - shorten by chopping off; pa-te-shka (pátteška) - cut short with a knife; po-te-shka (pótteška) - shorten by shooting/punching

► Dhegiha: te-shka (téshka), che-shka (chéshka), chʰe-shka (chʰéshka) - short [Omaha/Ponca]; je-shka (jéshka) - short [Omaha]; ʰtse-shka (ṭse shka) - short, stunted [FL-Osage]

shorten by chopping off

► ka-te-shka (kattešká) - shorten by chopping off ► a-te-shka (átteška) - I, da-te-shka (dátteška) - you

► cf. ka (ka) - by striking, by action of the wind or water; te-shka (ttešká) - short, stubby; bi-te-shka (bittešká) - press down, rub down; da-te-shka (dattešká) - bite off, shorten; di-te-shka (dittešká), (dittéška) - shorten, cut short, saw off; pa-te-shka (pátteška) - cut short with a knife; po-te-shka (pótteška) - shorten by shooting or punching; ta-te-shka (tátteška) - shorten by burning, burn off; ta-te-shka-de (tátteškade) - shorten by burning, burn off

► Dhegiha: te-shka (téshka), che-shka (chéshka), chʰe-shka (chʰéshka) - short [Omaha/Ponca]; je-shka (jéshka) - short [Omaha]; ʰtse-shka (ṭse shka) - short, stunted [FL-Osage]

shorten by shooting or punching

► po-te-shka (pótteška) - shorten by shooting/punching ► po-a-te-shka (póatteška) - I, po-da-te-shka (pódatteška) - you

► cf. po (po) - by shooting, blowing, punching; te-shka (ttešká) - short, stubby; bi-te-shka (bittešká) - press down, rub down; da-te-shka (dattešká) - bite off, shorten; di-te-shka (dittešká), (dittéška) - shorten, cut short, saw off; ka-te-shka (kattešká) - shorten by chopping off; pa-te-shka (pátteška) - cut short with a knife; ta-te-shka (tátteška) - shorten by burning, burn off; ta-te-shka-a-de (tátteškade) - shorten by burning, burn off

► Dhegiha: te-shka (téshka), che-shka (chéshka), chʰe-shka (chʰéshka) - short [Omaha/Ponca]; je-shka (jéshka) - short [Omaha]; ʰtse-shka (ṭse shka) - short, stunted [FL-Osage]

shorten, bite off

► da-te-shka (dattešká) - bite off, shorten ► bda-te-shka (bdátteška) - I, ta-te-shka (ttatteška) - you

► cf. da (da) - by mouth; te-shka (ttešká) - short, stubby; bi-te-shka (bittešká) - press down, rub down; di-te-shka (dittešká), (dittéška) - shorten, cut short, saw off; ka-te-shka (kattešká) - shorten by chopping of; pa-te-shka (pátteška) - cut short with a knife; po-te-shka (pótteška) - shorten by shooting or punching; ta-te-shka (tátteška) - shorten by burning, burn off; ta-te-shka-de (tátteškade) - shorten by burning, burn off

► Dhegiha: tha-chʰe-shka (thachʰéshka) - to shorten his remarks; to say but a few words [Omaha/Ponca]

shorten, cut short, saw off

► di-te-shka (dittešká), (dittéška) - shorten, cut short, saw off ► bdi-te-shka (bdítteška) - I, ti-te-shka (ttítteška) - you

► cf. di (di) - by hand, pulling; cause by using the hands; te-shka (ttešká) - short, stubby; bi-te-shka (bittešká) - press down, rub down; da-te-shka (dattešká) - bite off, shorten; ka-te-shka (kattešká) - shorten by chopping of; pa-te-shka (pátteška) - cut short with a knife; po-te-shka (pótteška) - shorten by shooting or punching; ta-te-shka (tátteška) - shorten by burning, burn off; ta-te-shka-de (tátteškade) - shorten by burning, burn off

► Dhegiha: thi-che-shka (thichéshka) - to abridge, shorten, abbreviate; to cut short with scissors [Omaha/Ponca]

shot, bird shot

► we-ki-te zhi-ka (wékkitte žíka) - bird shot, “small bullets”

► we-ki-te zhi-ka (weh-kitteh-jikkah) - small lead shot, lead to shoot (plomb à tirer [GI]

► we-ki-te zhi-ka (wékĭte zhika) - lead shot [ASG]

► cf. we-ki-te (wékkitte) - bullet, lead bullet, “with which to shoot”; zhi-ka (žíka) - small, little, young; ma-ze taⁿ-ka we-ki-te (mazé ttą́ka wékkitte) - cannon ball, “big gun bullet”; we-ki-te ste-te (wékkitte stétte) - cartridge, “long bullet”

► Dhegiha: kʰi-de (kʰíde) - shoot [Omaha/Ponca]; ki-de (kide) - shoot [Omaha]; ʰku-dse (ḳú-dse) - to shoot [FL-Osage]; ʰku-tse (ʰkúce) - fire a gun, shoot a bow and arrow; shoot someone, shoot at someone [CQ-Osage]; ku-je (kúje) - shoot at something [Kaw]

shot, burst from a shot or punch

► po-to-xi (póttoxi) - burst from a shot or punch ► po-a-to-xi (póattóxi) - I, po-da-to-xi (pódattóxi) - you

► cf. po (po) - by shooting, blowing, punching; ni po-to-xe (nippóttoxe) - soda pop, “exploding water”; ba-to-xi (battóxi) - burst by punching, pushing; bi-to-xi (bittóxi) - burst from pressure/weight; di-to-xi (dittóxi) - discharge, make a bang; di-to-to-xi (dittóttoxi) - one of the sounds of thunder; ka-to-xi (kattóxi) - burst, break open; naⁿ-to-xi (nąttóxi) - step on and burst something; ta-to-xi (táttoxi) - to cause burst by burning

shotgun, double barrel shotgun

► ma-ze o-ki-da-zha-ta (máze okkidažátta) - double barrel shotgun [ASG]

► cf. ma-ze (máze) - iron; gun; zha-ta (žátta) - forked

► Dhegiha: zha-ta (zhata) - cloven; forked [Omaha/Ponca]; zha-ta (zhata) - forked [Omaha]; zha-ʰta (zha-ṭa) - forked; clove; parted, as the foot of a deer, buffalo, or cow [FL-Osage]; (žáʰta) - divided, forked, notched, branded, split, cut, sliced [CQ-Osage]; zha-ta (zháta) - forked, notched [Kaw]

should, possible

► ni-hoⁿ (nihǫ́) - should; possible or should [JOD]

► ni-hoⁿ (nihǫ́) - improbability post clitic, dubitative

► ex: ni-hoⁿ (nihǫ́) - possible or should [JOD]

► ex: “hoⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ za-ni t’e-a-wa-dai ni-hoⁿ,” i-ya-we i-ya wa-sa ke (hǫnį́ttą zaní tʔeáwadaí nihǫ́ iyáwe iyá wasá ke) - the black bears said, “how could anyone kill all of us?”, they say [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ t’e-da-de ni-hoⁿ (hǫnį́ttą tʔédade nihǫ́) - how would it be possible for you to kill him? [JOD]

► ex: “hoⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ shkoⁿ-aⁿ-de ni-hoⁿ,” i-yi i-ya wa-sa niⁿ-kʰe (hǫnį́ttą škǫ́ądé nihǫ́ iyí iyá wasá niⁿkʰe) - “how would it be possible for anyone to make me move?” said the black bear, it is said

► ex: ni-hoⁿ (nihǫ́) - should [JOD]

► ex: haⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ, wi-te-ke naⁿ-pe ni-ke ni-hoⁿ? (hąnį́ttą, wittéke ną́ppe niké nihǫ́?) - how could it be possible that my mother’s brother fears nothing? [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ-zhi, wi-te-ke, haⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ aⁿ-t’e ni-hoⁿ (hǫží, wítteke, hąnį́ttą ątʔé nihǫ́) - no, uncle (my mother’s brother), how could I possibly die? [JOD]

shoulder

► iⁿ-kʰe-de (įkʰétte) - shoulder

► iⁿ-kʰe-de (inkȁ́te) - shoulders - [ASG]

► cf. iⁿ-kʰe-de di-ka-shke (įkʰédé dikašké) - tie for fastening a robe

► Dhegiha: iⁿ-ke-de (iⁿkéde) - shoulder [Omaha]; iⁿ-kʰe-de (iñ-ké-de) - a shoulder [JOD-Omaha]; iⁿ-kshe-de (iⁿ-kshé-de), iⁿ-ke-dse (iⁿ-ké-dse) - shoulder [FL-Osage]; i-kʰe-je (ikhéje) - shoulder [Kaw]

shoulder blade

► a-bdo (ábdo), (abdó) - shoulder blade

► Dhegiha: a-bthu (ábthu) - a bird’s shoulder, never used of persons or animals [Omaha/Ponca]; a-btho (á-btho) - shoulder or shoulder blade; upper arm [FL-Osage]; a-bro (ábro) - shoulder [CQ-Osage]; a-blo (áblo) - shoulder, shoulder blade [Kaw]

shoulders, between the shoulders

► o-di-hiⁿ-zhi (odíhįži) - back, between the shoulders

shout

► baⁿ (bą) - call, to halloo ► paⁿ (ppą́) - I, shpaⁿ (špą́) - you, aⁿ-baⁿ-we (ąbą́we) - we

► cf. ki-baⁿ (kibą) - flute, “to call to”; wa-te-baⁿ (wattébą́) - to give the attacking cry [JOD]; wa-te wa-baⁿ (watté wabą́) - to give the attack signal

► ex: aⁿ-baⁿ (ąbą́) - he called to me [JOD]

► ex: i-naⁿ-paⁿ aⁿ-baⁿ hi-de taⁿ bde ta miⁿ-kʰe (ínąpą́ ąbą híde tą́ bdé tta mįkʰé) - if he calls to me a second time, I will go [JOD]

► ex: aⁿ-baⁿ-wi (ąbą́wi) - they called me [JOD]

► ex: di-baⁿ (dibą́) - call to you [JOD]

► ex: be ni-ka-shi-ka di-baⁿ i-niⁿ-haⁿ (bé níkkašíka dibą́ inįhą́) - who could this person be, that called to you? [JOD]

► ex: wa-paⁿ (wappą́) - I call to them

► ex: kdaⁿ-ni-ke ki-baⁿ, i-she koⁿ-bda zhi, kdaⁿ-ni-ke ki-baⁿ ta (kdąníke kibą, išé kkǫbdá ži, kdąníke kibą ta) - I don’t want you to say, when I’m drinking around here [MS]

► ex: shka-te shoⁿ-niⁿ naⁿ-zha ma-sa-ni-taⁿ ni-ka-shi-ka miⁿ ki-baⁿ hi-de (škátte šǫ-nį́ ną́ža másanítą níkkašíka mį́ kíbą híde) - after he had been playing awhile, a person called to him from the other side (of the river) [JOD]

► Dhegiha: boⁿ (boⁿ) - call, to call out [Omaha/Ponca]; boⁿ (boⁿ) - scream [Omaha]; poⁿ (poⁿ) - yell [Omaha]; boⁿ (boⁿ) - to call [FL-Osage]; paⁿ (pą́) - holler, yell, scream, shout [CQ-Osage]; baⁿ (baⁿ) - call to [Kaw]

► ho-taⁿ (hóttą) - cry out, roar

► ho taⁿ-ka (hŭk-takah) - shout, yell, scream, call (crier) [GI]

► ho taⁿ-ka (hú-tañ-k͓a) - Kwapa name for the Winnebago Indians [JOD]

► cf. ho (ho) - voice; o-ho (oho) - bark, as a dog [MS]; ga-ho-taⁿ (gahóttą) - whirr, roar; ga-ho-taⁿ-de (gahóttąde) - whirr, hum, roar; naⁿ-ho-taⁿ (nąhóttą) - cry out from being stepped on

► ex: ho-taⁿ x’a-naⁿ-we (hóttą xʔáną-we) - crying out/they made a noise by crying out [JOD]

► ex: shoⁿ wa-zhiⁿ-ka za-ni ho-taⁿ x’a-naⁿ-we, i-ya (šǫ wažį́ka zaní hóttą xʔáną-we, iyá) - and, in fact, all of the birds made a great noise by crying out, it is said [JOD]

► ex: iⁿ-tʰaⁿ wa-naⁿ-ho-taⁿ ną-we i-ya (įtʰą́ waną́hottą́ năⁿ-wé iyá) - he made the owls hoot as he walked, it is said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: hu tʰoⁿ (hútʰoⁿ) - to cry out, roar, bellow, said of the cries of all animals except humans and hogs [Omaha/Ponca]; hu-toⁿ (hutoⁿ) - bellow, hoot [Omaha]; hu-taⁿ (hútaⁿ) - to cry out, roar, bellow, etc. [JOD-Omaha]; ho-ʰtoⁿ (hóṭoⁿ) - the cry or call of animals or birds [FL-Osage]; ho-ʰtaⁿ (hóoʰtą) - yell, holler, shout, lit., “loud voice”, sing or sound out, make a loud sound, make animal sounds [CQ-Osage]; ho-taⁿ (hótaⁿ) - cry of an animal; an animal’s characteristic cry, a single term used to convey notions such as roar, bellow, whinny, caw, etc. [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: hu toⁿ-ga (hútoⁿga) - Winnebago, Hocank, the Winnebagos or Hocank tribe [Omaha/Ponca]; hu taⁿ-ga (hú-t͓añ-ga) - a Winnebago, the Winnebagos, a tribe of the Siouan Family [JOD-Omaha]; hu toⁿ-ga (hútonga) - Winnebago Indian [Omaha]; ho toⁿ-ga (hó-ṭoⁿ-ga) - Winnebago Tribe [FL-Osage]; ho taⁿ-ka (hótąka) - Winnebago (Hochunk) tribe or tribal member [CQ-Osage]; ho taⁿ-ga (hótaⁿga) - Hochank, also known as Winnebago tribe or person “big voice,” “loud voice,” or “rough voice” [Kaw]

► x’a-naⁿ (xʔáną) - to make talking noise or any noise, etc. ► a-x’a-naⁿ (axʔáną) - I, da-x’a-naⁿ (daxʔáną) - you

► cf. x’a-naⁿ e-hi (xʔáną éhi) - make a lot of noise

► ex: x’a-naⁿ hi ke (xʔáną hi ké) - made a noise by shouting/very/the st. an. objects [JOD]

► ex: “wi-e! wi-e! wi-e!” i-ye ną-we, i-ya, x’a-naⁿ hi ke, i-ya (“wíe! wíe! wíe!” iyé-năⁿ-wé, iyá, xʔáną hi ké, iyá) - “me! me! me!” they said, it is said, all crying out together making a great noise, it is said [JOD]

► ex: ho-taⁿ x’a-naⁿ-we (hóttą xʔáną-we) - crying out/they made a noise by crying out [JOD]

► ex: shoⁿ wa-zhiⁿ-ka za-ni ho-taⁿ x’a-naⁿ-we, i-ya (šǫ wažį́ka zaní hóttą xʔáną-we, iyá) - and, in fact, all of the birds made a great noise by crying out, it is said [JOD]

► ex: x’a-naⁿ e-hi-we (xʔáną éhiwé) - they made a lot of noise [JOD]

shout to one at a distance

► bda-se de-de (bdasé dedé) - shout to one at a distance ► a-bda-se de-a-de (abdáse déade) - I, da-bda-se de-da-de (dabdáse dédade) - you

► cf. bda-se (bdasé) - shout, cry out (human); de-de (déde) - sent away, causative of go

► Dhegiha: the-the (théthe) - to cause to go; to send off an object; used as an auxiliary verb [Omaha/Ponca]; the-the (thethé) - to go this way (in his own footprints, made previously) [Omaha/Ponca]; the-the (the the) - start; send [Omaha]; the-the (¢é¢ĕ) - send suddenly [JOD-Omaha]; the-the (thé-the) - to send; to transmit [FL-Osage]; the-the (ðéeðe) - make go, cause to go; send; mail [CQ-Osage]; ye-ye (yéye) - auxiliary verb indicating sudden movement or forceful action; far off, in the distance [Kaw]

shout, cry out

► bda-se (bdasé) - shout, cry out (human) ► a-bda-se (abdáse) - I, da-bda-se (dabdáse) - you, oⁿ-bda-sa-we (ǫbdásawe) - we

► cf. bda-se de-de (bdasé dedé) - shout to one at a distance

shove or push suddenly or forcibly

► ba-xi de-de (baxí dedé) - push, shove suddenly, forcibly ► pa-xi da-a-de (ppáxi déade) - I, shpa-xi de-da-de (špáxi dédade) - you

► cf. ba-xi (baxí) - push off balance, shove; de-de (déde) - sent away, causative of go; ba-xi-hi a-de (baxíhi ade) - knock off, push off

► ex: ba-xi de-de (baxí dedé) - he pushed him aside suddenly [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ba-xi (ba-xí) - to arouse one from sleep by pushing [FL-Osage]; pa-xi (paaɣí) - push to awaken or make active, activate by pushing on [CQ-Osage]; ba-xi (baxí) - rouse by nudging [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: the-the (théthe) - to cause to go; to send off an object; used as an auxiliary verb [Omaha/Ponca]; the-the (thethé) - to go this way (in his own footprints, made previously) [Omaha/Ponca]; the-the (the the) - start; send [Omaha]; the-the (¢é¢ĕ) - send suddenly [JOD-Omaha]; the-the (thé-the) - to send; to transmit [FL-Osage]; the-the (ðéeðe) - make go, cause to go; send; mail [CQ-Osage]; ye-ye (yéye) - auxiliary verb indicating sudden movement or forceful action; far off, in the distance [Kaw]

shove, push off balance

► ba-xi (baxí) - push off balance, shove ► pa-xi (ppáxi) - I, shpa-xi (špáxi) - you

► cf. ba (ba) - by pushing; ba-xi de-de (baxí dedé) - push, shove suddenly, forcibly; ba-xi-hi-a-de (baxíhi ade) - knock off, push off; di-xi (dixí) - awaken, arouse; di-xi-xi (dixíxi) - awaken, arouse by shaking

► Dhegiha: ba-xi (ba-qí) - to awaken one by pushing him; to contend or oppose: said of the contending parties (not fighting) [JOD-Omaha]; ba-xi (ba-xí) - to arouse one from sleep by pushing [FL-Osage]; pa-xi (paaγí) - push to awaken or make active, activate by pushing on [CQ-Osage]; ba-xi (baxí) - rouse by nudging [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ba-xi-a-tha (ba-qi-á-¢a) - to shove down by pushing: said of an object that extends to the ground or floor; to oppose; to offend against [JOD-Omaha]; ba-xi-tha (ba-xí-tha) - to push a person down [FL-Osage]; ba-xi-ya (baxíya) - push something down or cause it to fall with an instrument; to push an object to the ground with a stick, knife point, etc.; to make an object fall by pushing in this manner: said of anything of which one end touches the ground or floor [Kaw]; ba-xi-ya (báxiya) - cut something down; to make an object fall to the ground by cutting it near the bottom (which touches the ground) with a knife blade or saw [Kaw]

shovel, dig with a shovel

► di-k’o (dikʔó) - dig with knife, spade or paws ► bdi-k’o (bdíkʔo) - I, ti-k’o (ttíkʔo) - you

► cf. wa-ka-k’o (wakákʔo) - paw the ground, as dog or horse; we-ba-k’o (wébakʔo) - scraper or flesher for hides; we-ka-k’o (wékakʔo) - flesher for hides; di-ko-ko (dikóko) - digs out often [JOD]; di-ko-te (dikótte) - dig out, probe; o-di-x’o-te (odíxʔotte) - bore a hole; o-x’o-te (oxʔótte) - hole, natural opening; di-k’o-te wa-xe (dikʔó tte waxé) - digging a grave [MS]

► Dhegiha: yu-k’o (yuk'ó) - scrape clean, dig up [Kaw]; a-yu-k’o (áyuk’o), a-yi-k’o (áyik’o) - dig a hole with the hands [Kaw]; ba-ʰk’u (ba-ḳ’ú) - to dig a ditch [FL-Osage]; pa-k’o (paakʔó) - dig, dig a grave [CQ-Osage]

shoveled dirt, hide something by covering it up with shoveled dirt

► a-ka-naⁿ-da (ákaną́da) - hide something by covering it up with blowing dust, snow, shoveled dirt, etc. ► a-a-ka-naⁿ-da (áakaną́da) - I, a-da-ka-naⁿ-da (ádakaną́da) - you

► Dhegiha: a-ga-naⁿ-tha (á-ga-náⁿ-¢a) - to blow dust or snow over an object and conceal it, as wood, footprints, etc.; to hoe the ground, throwing the displaced soil over an object hiding it from view [JOD-Omaha]; a-ga-noⁿ-ya (áganoⁿya) - fill up, knock a cover onto, conceal a hole by hitting the ground with a stick [Kaw]

show partiality to someone

► oⁿ-hi-kde (ǫ́hikde) - to show partiality to someone ► oⁿ-hi-a-kde (ǫ́hiakdé) - I, oⁿ-hi-da-kde (ǫ́hidakdé) - you

show, cause to appear

► di-naⁿ-pe (diną́pe) - cause to appear, show ► bdi-naⁿ-pe (bdínąpe) - I, ti-naⁿ-pe (ttínąpe) - you

► cf. bi-naⁿ-pe (biną́pe) - push out into the open; ba-naⁿ-pe (baną́pe) - push into view; ka-naⁿ-pe (kaną́pe) - uncover, unearth; naⁿ-naⁿ-pe (nąną́pe) - scuff into view with the feet; mi wa-e-naⁿ-pe (mi wáeną́pe) - sunrise

► Dhegiha: thi-e-thoⁿ-be (thiéthoⁿbe) - to cause to appear; to cause to emerge or come out from [Omaha/Ponca]

► Dhegiha: e-thaⁿ-be (é-¢aⁿ-be) - to appear in sight; to emerge from, as from water [JOD-Omaha]; e-thoⁿ-be (é-thoⁿ-be) - rises and appears [FL-Osage]; i-thoⁿ-be (í-thoⁿ-be) - to appear, come into site [FL-Osage]; hi-thoⁿ-be (hí-thoⁿ-be) - to be exposed [FL-Osage]; i-thoⁿ-pe (íðǫpe) - appear [CQ-Osage]; i-yoⁿ-be (íyoⁿbe) - appear, come into view, rise; emerge, as from water [Kaw]

show, picture show

► wa-ka-ka-xe shkoⁿ ki-de (wakákaγe škǫ kíde) - movie, show, picture show

► cf. wa-ka-ka-xe (wakákaγe) - picture; shkoⁿ (škǫ) - move; ki-de (kíde) - cause itself

► ex: wa-ka-ka-xe shkoⁿ ki-de te shkoⁿ-ta (wakákaγe škǫ kíde tté škǫttá) - do you want to go to the show? [OM]

► Dhegiha: iⁿ-de wa-ga-xe shkoⁿ shkoⁿ (iⁿde wagaxe shkoⁿshkoⁿ) - movie [Omaha]; wa-ga-xe (wa-gá-xe) - a picture of, a symbol of [FL-Osage]; ʰke-da-xe shkoⁿ (ḳé-da-xe-shkoⁿ) - moving pictures, “moving shadows” [FL-Osage]

showing at intervals

► i-da-da (idáda) - showing at intervals [JOD]

► ex: o-xda-ti siⁿ-te saⁿ-haⁿ i-da-de i-de (oxdátti sį́tte są́hą idáda idé) - he (rabbit) departed, his whitish tail being seen/showing off and on in the brush [JOD]

shred or split repeatedly

► bi-ste-ste (bistéste) - split repeatedly, shred ► pi-ste-ste (ppísteste) - I, shpi-ste-ste (špísteste) - you

► cf. bi-ste (bisté) - split, gash; ba-ste-ste (bastéste) - cut to shreds, stab repeatedly; ba-ste (basté) - cut into, gash; da-ste-ste (dásteste) - chew into slivers; split; da-ste (dasté) - split with teeth; di-ste-ste (distéste) - pull into shreds, slivers; di-ste (disté) - split, pull off string; ka-ste-ste (kastéste) - cut or beat to shreds or slivers; ka-ste (kasté) - gash, split something; naⁿ-ste-ste (nąstéste) - kick or tread to pieces; naⁿ-ste (nąsté) - kick a gash in something; pa-ste-ste (pásteste) - cut to slivers, split often; pa-ste (páste) - gash, cut with a knife blade; po-ste-ste (pósteste) - shoot or punch to slivers; po-ste (póste) - graze shooting and gash

► Dhegiha: bi-zne-zne (bi-s͓né-s͓ne) - to wear clothing into strips oe shreds [JOD-Omaha]; bu-stse-stse-ge (buscéscege) - wear clothing to shreds [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: bi-zne (bi-s͓né) - to gash the skin by pressure against a knife, etc. [JOD-Omaha]; bu-stse-ge (buscége) - gash by pressing against a knife, etc.; split by sitting on [Kaw]

shred to splinters

► pa-za-za-te (pázazátte) - split, shred, cut to splinters ► pa-a-za-za-te (páazazátte) - I, pa-da-za-za-te (pádazazátte) - you

► cf. ba-za-za-te (bazázatte) - cut, stab to shreds; bi-za-za-te (bizázatte) - split from pressure; da-za-za-te (dazázatte) - chew something to slivers; di-za-za-te (dizázatte) - pull to shreds; ka-za-za-te (kazázatte) - chop to pieces, slivers; naⁿ-za-za-te (nązázatte) - kick to pieces, splinters; po-za-za-te (pózazátte) - punch, shoot apart/to pieces

► Dhegiha: za-za-de (zazade) - ragged [Omaha]; za-za-de (zá-za-de) - extending apart, similar to the sticks of a fan, projecting in fanlike rays, etc. [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: ba-za-za-be (bázazábe) - cut to slivers with a knife [Kaw]

shreds, cut or beat to shreds or slivers

► ka-ste-ste (kastéste) - cut or beat to shreds/slivers ► a-ste-ste (ásteste) - I, da-ste-ste (dásteste) - you

► cf. ka-ste (kasté) - gash, split something; ba-ste-ste (bastéste) - cut to shreds, stab repeatedly; bi-ste-ste (bistéste) - split repeatedly, shred; da-ste-ste (dásteste) - chew into slivers, v. split; di-ste-ste (distéste) - pull into shreds, slivers; naⁿ-ste-ste (nąstéste) - kick or tread to pieces; pa-ste-ste (pásteste) - cut to slivers, split often; po-ste-ste (pósteste) - shoot or punch to slivers

► Dhegiha: ga-zne-zne (gaznézne) - to stick a knife into the skin frequently, in order to scarify it; to bleed a person by so doing; to cut beef in strings for the purpose of hanging it up to dry; fringe [Omaha/Ponca]; ga-stse-stse-ge (ga-stsé-stse-ge) - to gash the skin repeatedly [FL-Osage]; ga-stse-stse-ge (gascéscege) - gash the skin or split wood repeatedly [Kaw]

shreds, cut or stab to shreds

► ba-za-za-te (bazázatte) - cut, stab to shreds ► pa-za-za-te (ppázazátte) - I, shpa-za-za-te (špázazátte) - you

► cf. bi-za-za-te (bizázatte) - split from pressure; da-za-za-te (dazázatte) - chew something to slivers; di-za-za-te (dizázatte) - pull to shreds; ka-za-za-te (kazázatte) - chop to pieces, slivers; naⁿ-za-za-te (nązázatte) - kick to pieces, splinters; pa-za-za-te (pázazátte) - split, shred, cut to splinters; po-za-za-te (pózazátte) - punch, shoot apart/to pieces

► Dhegiha: za-za-de (zazade) - ragged [Omaha]; za-za-de (zá-za-de) - extending apart, similar to the sticks of a fan, projecting in fanlike rays, etc. [JOD-Omaha]; i-thi-za-za-de (ithi zazade) - jagged [Omaha]; ga-za-za-de (ga-zá-za-de) - to hackle, as corn-husks; to tear clothing in shreds or strips [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: ga-za-za-be (ga-çá-ça-be) - to whip with a switch or a quirt; to thrash [FL-Osage]; ga-za-za-be (gazázabe) - beat a stick into slivers [Kaw]; ba-za-za-be (bazázabe) - push apart into slivers [Kaw]; ba-za-za-be (bázazábe) - cut to slivers with a knife [Kaw]; ya-za-za-be (yazázabe) - chew into slivers, chew to pieces [Kaw]; yu-za-za-be (yuzázabe) - twist to pieces; to twist a stick into slivers [Kaw]

shreds, cut to shreds or stab repeatedly

► ba-ste-ste (bastéste) - cut to shreds, stab repeatedly ► pa-ste-ste (ppásteste) - I, shpa-ste-ste (špásteste) - you

► cf. ba (ba) - by pushing; ba-ste (basté) - cut into, gash; bi-ste-ste (bistéste) - split repeatedly, shred; bi-ste (bisté) - split, gash; da-ste-ste (dásteste) - chew into slivers, split; da-ste (dasté) - split with teeth; di-ste (disté) - split, pull off string; di-ste-ste (distéste) - pull into shreds, slivers; ka-ste (kasté) - gash, split something; ka-ste-ste (kastéste) - cut or beat to shreds/slivers; naⁿ-ste-ste (nąstéste) - kick or tread to pieces; naⁿ-ste (nąsté) - kick a gash in something; pa-ste-ste (pásteste) - cut to slivers, split often; pa-ste (páste) - gash, cut with a knife blade; po-ste-ste (pósteste) - shoot or punch to slivers; po-ste (póste) - graze shooting and gash

► Dhegiha: ba-zne-zne (ba-s͓né-s͓ne) - fringe [JOD-Omaha]; ba-stse-stse-ge (bá-stse-stse-ge) - to cut skin or meat into many strips with a knife [FL-Osage]; ba-stse-stse-ge (báscescège) - gash the skin in many places using a blade [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ba-zne (ba-s͓né) - to slit the skin by pushing the hand against a splinter, or, by pushing the stick lengthwise along the hand, without penetrating the flesh [JOD-Omaha]; ba-stse-ge (bá-stse-ge) - to gash the skin with a knife [FL-Osage]; ba-stse-ge (bascége) - slit, cut by pushing [Kaw]; ba-stse-ge (báscege) - gash the skin with a knife [Kaw]

shreds, pull into shreds or slivers

► di-ste-ste (distéste) - pull into shreds, slivers ► bdi-ste-ste (bdísteste) - I, ti-ste-ste (ttísteste) - you

► cf. di-ste (disté) - split, pull off string; ba-ste-ste (bastéste) - cut to shreds, stab repeatedly; bi-ste-ste (bistéste) - split repeatedly, shred; da-ste-ste (dásteste) - chew into slivers; ka-ste-ste (kastéste) - cut or beat to shreds/slivers; ka-ste-ste-ye (kastésteye) - to have cut to shreds; naⁿ-ste-ste (nąstéste) - kick or tread to pieces; pa-ste-ste (pásteste) - cut to slivers, split often; po-ste-ste (pósteste) - shoot or punch to slivers

► Dhegiha: thi-zne-zne (thiznézne) - to pull or cut an object into shreds with scissors, etc. [Omaha/Ponca]; thi-stse-stse-ge (thi-stsé-stse-ge) - to tear into shreds [FL-Osage]; yu-stse-stse-ge (yuscéscege) - cut into strips, pull to shreds [Kaw]

shreds, pull to shreds

► di-za-za-te (dizázatte) - pull to shreds ► bdi-za-za-te (bdízazátte) - I, ti-za-za-te (ttízazátte) - you

► cf. di (di) - by hand, pulling; ba-za-za-te (bazázatte) - cut, stab to shreds; bi-za-za-te (bizázatte) - split from pressure; da-za-za-te (dazázatte) - chew something to slivers; ka-za-za-te (kazázatte) - chop to pieces, slivers; naⁿ-za-za-te (nązázatte) - kick to pieces, splinters; pa-za-za-te (pázazátte) - split, shred, cut to splinters; po-za-za-te (pózazátte) - punch, shoot apart/to pieces

► Dhegiha: za-za-de (zazade) - ragged [Omaha]; za-za-de (zá-za-de) - extending apart, similar to the sticks of a fan, projecting in fanlike rays, etc. [JOD-Omaha]; i-thi-za-za-de (ithi zazade) - jagged [Omaha]; ga-za-za-de (ga-zá-za-de) - to hackle, as corn-husks; to tear clothing in shreds or strips [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: ga-za-za-be (ga-çá-ça-be) - to whip with a switch or a quirt; to thrash [FL-Osage]; ga-za-za-be (gazázabe) - beat a stick into slivers [Kaw]; ba-za-za-be (bazázabe) - push apart into slivers [Kaw]; ba-za-za-be (bázazábe) - cut to slivers with a knife [Kaw]; ya-za-za-be (yazázabe) - chew into slivers, chew to pieces [Kaw]; yu-za-za-be (yuzázabe) - twist to pieces; to twist a stick into slivers [Kaw]

shreds, snip into shreds

► ka-zi-zi-di (kazízidí) - snip into shreds (with scissors) ► a-zi-zi-di (ázizidi) - I, da-zi-zi-di (dázizidi) - you

► cf. ka-zi-zi-te (kazízitte) - fringe; ka-zi-pa (kazíppa) - chop, cut at the edge

shreds, to have cut to shreds

► ka-ste-ste-ye (kastésteye) - to have cut to shreds ► a-ste-ste-ye (ástesteye) - I, da-ste-ste-ye (dásteste-ye) - you

► cf. ka-ste (kasté) - gash, split something; ka-ste-ste (kastéste) - cut or beat to shreds/slivers; ye (-ye) - past suffix; ba-ste-ste (bastéste) - cut to shreds, stab repeatedly; bi-ste-ste (bistéste) - split repeatedly, shred; da-ste-ste (dásteste) - chew into slivers, v. split; di-ste-ste (distéste) - pull into shreds, slivers; naⁿ-ste-ste (nąstéste) - kick or tread to pieces; pa-ste-ste (pásteste) - cut to slivers, split often; po-ste-ste (pósteste) - shoot or punch to slivers

► Dhegiha: ga-zne-zne (gaznézne) - to stick a knife into the skin frequently, in order to scarify it; to bleed a person by so doing; to cut beef in strings for the purpose of hanging it up to dry; fringe [Omaha/Ponca]; ga-stse-stse-ge (ga-stsé-stse-ge) - to gash the skin repeatedly [FL-Osage]; ga-stse-stse-ge (gascéscege) - gash the skin or split wood repeatedly [Kaw]

► ka-za-za-te-ye (kazázatteyé) - to have cut to shreds ► a-za-za-te-ye (ázazatteye) - I, da-za-za-te-ye (dázazatteye) - you

► cf. ka-za-za-te (kazázatte) - chop to pieces, slivers; ye (-ye) - past suffix; ba-za-za-te (bazázatte) - cut, stab to shreds; bi-za-za-te (bizázatte) - split from pressure; da-za-za-te (dazázatte) - chew something to slivers; di-za-za-te (dizázatte) - pull to shreds; naⁿ-za-za-te (nązázatte) - kick to pieces, splinters; pa-za-za-te (pázazátte) - split, shred, cut to splinters; po-za-za-te (pózazátte) - punch, shoot apart/to pieces

► Dhegiha: ga-za-za-de (ga-zá-za-de) - to hackle, as corn-husks; to tear clothing in shreds or strips [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: za-za-de (zazade) - ragged [Omaha]; za-za-de (zá-za-de) - extending apart, similar to the sticks of a fan, projecting in fanlike rays, etc. [JOD-Omaha]; i-thi-za-za-de (ithi zazade) - jagged [Omaha]

► Dhegiha: ga-za-za-be (ga-çá-ça-be) - to whip with a switch or a quirt; to thrash [FL-Osage]; ga-za-za-be (gazázabe) - beat a stick into slivers [Kaw]; ba-za-za-be (bazázabe) - push apart into slivers [Kaw]; ba-za-za-be (bázazábe) - cut to slivers with a knife [Kaw]; ya-za-za-be (yazázabe) - chew into slivers, chew to pieces [Kaw]; yu-za-za-be (yuzázabe) - twist to pieces; to twist a stick into slivers [Kaw]

shrilly, whistle shrilly or squeal

► da-zho-te (dážotté) - squeal, whistle shrilly ► bdi-zho-te (bdážotte) - I, ta-zho-te (ttážotte) - you

► cf. da (da) - by mouth

► Dhegiha: tha-zu-de (¢a-zú-de) - to make an accidental whistling sound when talking [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: zu-de (zude) - whistle [Omaha]; zu-de (zú-de) - to whistle, as a man [JOD-Omaha]; zho-dse (zho-dsé) - to whistle [FL-Osage]; zho-je (zhojé) - whistle, puff, make a high pitched sound [Kaw]

shut the door

► ti-ze a-ka-spe (ttižé ákaspe) - shut the door

► cf. ti-zhe (ttíže) - door, entrance to a lodge; a-ka-spe (ákaspe) - close, shut; cave in

► ex: ti-ze a-ka-spe zhi-ka i-tʰe-de (ttižé ákaspe žíka itʰéde) - to shut the door a little

► ex: ti-zhe a-ka-spe zhi-ka i-tʰe-da (ttižé ákaspe jíka itʰedá) - shut the door a little!

► Dhegiha: a-ga-spe (ágaspe) - to press down on; to weight or hold down; a weight or sinker [Omaha/Ponca]; a-ga-spe (á-ga-çpe) - to cover up an object, the falling of something heavy on a person or a thing [FL-Osage]; a-ka-spe (akáaspe) - shade, blind, covering [CQ-Osage]; a-ka-spe (ákaaspe) - put over, put upon, cover as with cloth or blanket, cover with dirt as a grave, cover over, cover up [CQ-Osage]; a-ga-spe (ágaspe) - cover completely, concealing every part [Kaw]

shut the mouth

► a-da-po-i (ádappói) - shut the mouth

► cf. a-kda-po-wi (ákdappówi) - shut up something

shut up something

► a-kda-po-wi (ákdappówi) - shut up something ► a-a-kda-po-wi (áakdappówi) - I, a-da-kda-po-wi (ádakdappówi) - you, oⁿ-ka-kda-po-wi-we (ǫ́kakdappówiwe) - we

► cf. a-da-po-i (ádappói) - shut the mouth

shut, close, cave in

► a-ka-spe (ákaspe) - close, shut; cave in ► a-a-ka-spe (áakaspe) - I, a-da-ka-spe (ádakaspe) - you

► cf. a-ka-spe i-he-de (ákaspe ihéde) - put a horizontal object on another to hold it down, e.g., a paper-weight

► ex: a-ka-spa (ákaspá) - shut it! (command) [MS]

► ex: a-ka-spa (ákaspá) - shut it!

► ex: ti-ze a-ka-spe zhi-ka i-tʰe-de (ttižé ákaspe žíka itʰéde) - to shut the door a little

► ex: ti-zhe a-ka-spe zhi-ka i-tʰe-da (ttižé ákaspe jíka itʰedá) - shut the door a little!

► ex: maⁿ-zi a-ka-spe (mą́azi ákaspe) - to cave in on, as a bank does

► ex: maⁿ-zi a-di-ka-spe na-ha (mą́azi ádikáspe nahá) - beware lest the bank cave in on you!

► Dhegiha: a-ga-spe (ágaspe) - to press down on; to weight or hold down; a weight or sinker [Omaha/Ponca]; a-ga-spe (á-ga-çpe) - to cover up an object, the falling of something heavy on a person or a thing [FL-Osage]; a-ka-spe (akáaspe) - shade, blind, covering [CQ-Osage]; a-ka-spe (ákaaspe) - put over, put upon, cover as with cloth or blanket, cover with dirt as a grave, cover over, cover up [CQ-Osage]; a-ga-spe (ágaspe) - cover completely, concealing every part [Kaw]

shy away as horses

► naⁿ-zaⁿ-zaⁿ-te (ną́zązą́tte) - shy away as horses

sick

► ha-t’e (hátʔe) - to be sick, ill ► aⁿ-ha-t’e (ąhátʔe) - I, di-ha-t’e (dihátʔe) - you, wa-ha-t’a-we (wáhatʔawe) - we

► ha-t’e (hátʔe) - sick [MS, AB, OM]

► ex: ha-t’e wa-shkoⁿ (hátʔe waškǫ́) - relapse

► ex: ha-t’e miⁿ-kʰe (hátʔe mįkʰé) - I’m sick [MS]

► ex: ha-t’e shtaⁿ (hątʔé štą) - sickly [JOD]

► ex: iⁿ-chʰoⁿ taⁿ aⁿ-si-si-zhi, haⁿ-t’e shtaⁿ a-ta-ha taⁿ (įčʰǫ́ tą ąsísiží, hątʔé štą attahá tą) - now I’m not active and I’m very sickly [JOD]

► ex: ha-t’e niⁿ-kʰe (hátʔe nįkʰé) - he’s/she’s sick [MS]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ, ti-aⁿ-zhi, ha-t’e (kóišǫ́ttą, ttią́ži hí, hatʔé) - then, in a very short time, he became sick [JOD]

► ex: e-ti-tʰaⁿ ta-bde kaⁿ-tʰaⁿ naⁿ ni-ka wi-ta, pa-ze de taⁿ kdi kaⁿ-tʰaⁿ naⁿ, e-ti-tʰaⁿ ti-a-zhi hi ha-t’e zho-ka-te a-ta-ha (ettítʰą tábde ką-tʰą́ ną níkka wittá, ppáze dé tą kdí ką-tʰą́ ną, ettítʰą ttiąži hí hatʔé žókkatte attahá) - then my husband had been hunting, he returned after dark, then shortly after that he became sick with a severe fever [JOD]

► ex: ha-t’e naⁿ di-sh’a i-ki-ba-haⁿ (hatʔé ną dišʔá íkibahą́) - he knew he would fail because of his sickness [JOD]

► ex: ha-t’e ni-ke (hátʔe niké) - healthy, to be in good health

side by side

► sa-ki-a (sákiá) - side by side [JOD]

► ex: ni-ti ki naⁿ zha-we to-ka naⁿ-pa sa-ki-a ni-kʰa (nítti kí ną žáwe tóka nąpá sákiá nikʰa) - when he arrived at the water, there were two male beavers side by side [JOD]

► Dhegiha: sa-kʰi-ba (sakʰíba) - together, beside, parallel, both together [Omaha/Ponca]; sa-ki-ba (sa-kí-ba) - both together; beside; parallel with [JOD-Omaha]; sa-kʰi-ba (çá-ḳí-ba) - side by side, parallel [FL-Osage]; sa-ki-ba (sakíba), sa-ki-wa (ságiwa) - parallel, side by side, together [Kaw]

side of a person or animal

► di-we (díwe) - side of a person or animal

► ti-we (tíwe) - rib

► ti-we (ti-we) - rib, rib bone [MS]

► cf. ti di-we (tti díwe) - wall, side of a house

► Dhegiha: thi-e (¢ié) - side [JOD-Omaha]; thi-e (thie) - lumbar region [Omaha]; thiu-we (thiú-we) - the body, from the armpits down to the hips; the waist [FL-Osage]; thu-we (ðúwe) - waist, diaphragm, rib cage [CQ-Osage]; yu-we (yúwe) - side of a person or animal [Kaw]

side of the head, hair on the sides of the head

► ta-te-hiⁿ (ttattéhį) - hair on the sides of the head; hair on the temples

► cf. ta-te (ttátte) - temple(s), side of the head; hiⁿ (hį) - fur, hair of the body, down of bird; ta-te kde-zhe (ttátte kdéže) - spotted temples [JOD]; ta-te-noⁿ-shi (ttattenǫ́ši) - cheek

side of the head, temple(s)

► ta-te (ttátte) - temple(s), side of the head

► ex: ta-te hiⁿ (ttattéhį) - hair on the sides of the head; hair on the temples

► ex: ta-te kde-zhe (ttátte kdéže) - spotted temples [JOD]

► ex: ta-te-noⁿ-shi (ttattenǫ́ši) - cheek

side or wall of a lodge or house

► ti di-we (tti díwe) - wall or side of a house

► cf. ti (tti) - house, tent, dwelling; di-we (díwe) - side of a person or animal

► ti-ha (ttíha) - wall [JOD]

► cf. ti (tti) - house, tent, dwelling; ha (ha) - skin, hide, bark, shell

► ex: ti-ha a-te da-we (ttíha átte dáwe) - they climbed the wall [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ti-ha (tíha) - a tanned buffalo-hide; a tent-skin; ʰtsi-ha (ṭsí-ha) - a tent skin [FL-Osage]; tsi-ha (cíha) - tent cover, lit. “tent skin; lodge skin” [Kaw]

► ti xi-te (tti xítte) - wall or side of a lodge

► cf. ti di-we (tti díwe) - wall or side of a house

► ex: ti xi-te kʰe (tti xítte-kʰe) - the wall

► ex: ti xi-te (tti xítte) - side of the lodge [JOD]

► ex: e-shoⁿ de niⁿ-kʰe wa-pa-iⁿ di-ze niⁿ-kʰe ti xi-te a-ba-knaⁿ-ta i-naⁿ-de naⁿ iyá ma-shtiⁿ-ke (ešǫ́ dé nįkʰe wappaį́ dizé nįkʰé tti xítte ábaknątta iną́de ną iyá maštį́ke) - then Rabbit placed the blood which he had taken by the side of the lodge, it is said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ʰtsi-xiⁿ-dse (ṭsi-xiⁿ-dse) - an old term, which is understood to mean either end of a long house, the Osage house built for two families has two fireplaces, one at each end, to two ends of this long room are called by this term [FL-Osage]

side saddle

► naⁿ-ka a-knaⁿ shta-ha (ną́kkakną štahá) - side saddle, “saddle/smooth” [JOD]

► cf. naⁿ-ka a-knaⁿ (ną́kka akną́) - saddle; shta-ha (štáha) - smooth, rounded

► Dhegiha: noⁿ-kʰa (nóⁿkʰa) - back [Omaha/Ponca]; noⁿ-ka (nóⁿka) - back [Omaha]; noⁿ-ʰka (nóⁿ-ḳa) - the back, the part of the body from the shoulders to the hips [FL-Osage]; naⁿ-ʰka (ną́ʰka) - back of a human or animal's body [CQ-Osage]; naⁿ-ka (náⁿka) - the back, may refer to that of a person or animal [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: a-gthoⁿ (ágthoⁿ) - to place a curved object, book, paper, piece of calico, etc., on something else, as a foundation; to apply externally, as a plaster or poultice [Omaha/Ponca]; a-gthoⁿ (ágthoⁿ) - to place one thing upon another [FL-Osage]; a-laⁿ (álą) - place vertically against, place on, put on [CQ-Osage]; a-laⁿ (álaⁿ) - put curved or rounded/sitting, or cloth, or paper on [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: zhna-ha (zhnahá) - smooth, slippery [Omaha/Ponca]; shna-ha (shnáha) - slippery, smooth [Omaha]; shna-ha (c͓na-há) - smooth, slippery [JOD-Omaha]; shta-ha (shtá-ha), shda-ha (shdá-ha) - slick, smooth [FL-Osage]; shta-ha (štáha) - shiny and smooth, slick, bald, hairless, cleared [CQ-Osage]; shta-ha (shtáha) - smooth, slippery, slick [Kaw]

side to side, sway from side to side walking

► xa-da da-da-xti maⁿ-niⁿ (xáda dádaxti mąnį́) - sway from side to side walking, said in ridicule

► cf. xa-da (xáda) - back to starting point, back, back again; da-da (dáda) - freq. ending of de (de); xti (xti) - very, real, fully; maⁿ-niⁿ (mąnį́) - walk

side, a little to one side

► ko-i-ta de-de (kóitta déde) - a little to one side

► cf. ko-i (kói) - there; ta-de-de (-ttadéde) - towards, in the direction of; ta-de-de-do-shi (ttadédedóši) - towards, in that direction

side, along side

► a-ba-knaⁿ-ta (ábaknątta) - along, beside, by, along side

► cf. a-pa-kda (ápakda) - along; ta (tta) - to, at, toward, in that direction

► ex: iⁿ a-ba-knaⁿ-ta (į́ ábaknątta) - by a stone

► ex: ni a-ba-knaⁿ-ta de (ni ábaknątta de) - to go along a stream

► ex: ni a-ba-knaⁿ-ta bde (ni ábaknątta bdé) - I go along the stream

► ex: a-ba-knaⁿ-ta (ábaknątta) - along side [JOD]

► ex: e-shoⁿ de niⁿ-kʰe wa-pa-iⁿ di-ze niⁿ-kʰe ti xi-te a-ba-knaⁿ-ta i-naⁿ-de naⁿ iyá ma-shtiⁿ-ke (ešǫ́ dé nįkʰe wappaį́ dizé nįkʰé tti xítte ábaknątta iną́de ną iyá maštį́ke) - then Rabbit placed the blood which he had taken by the side of the lodge, it is said [JOD]

side, around by the other side

► e-ta-do-shi (éttadóši) - around by the other side

► cf. e-ta (etta) - there [JOD]; ta (tta) - to, at, toward, in that direction; ko-to-do-shi (kótodóši) - beyond, on the other side of; to-to-do-shi (tótodóši) - on this side of; mi o-xpe-ta-de-de-do-shi (mi óxpettadédedóši) - on the west side, toward the sunset; ta-de-de-do-shi (-ttadédedóši) - towards, in that direction

► Dhegiha: e-ta (ĕ́ʇa) - there [JOD-Omaha]; e-ʰta (e-ṭá) - thitherward; toward the person [FL-Osage]; e-ta (éta) - there, towards that place [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: u-thu-shi (u¢úci) - at the front [JOD-Omaha]; u-thu-shi-xti (u¢úciqti) - at the very front [JOD-Omaha]; o-tho-shi (oðóši) - in the way, in front of and blocking [CQ-Osage]; ti u-taⁿ-noⁿ u-thu-shi (tiu taⁿnoⁿ uthushi) - front yard [Omaha]

► Dhegiha: u-thu-shi ha u-moⁿ-thiⁿ (u-thú-shi ha u-moⁿ-thiⁿ) - to walk in advance of a group of people [FL-Osage]; o-tho-shi maⁿ-thiⁿ (oðóšimąðį) - block someone’s way or be in the way while moving [CQ-Osage]; go-da o-yo-shi-ha (góda oyóshiha) - to the other side, to the other side of [Kaw]; ki-maⁿ-haⁿ-ta-ha o-yo-shi-ha (kímaⁿhaⁿtáha óyoshiha) - to the windward of something [Kaw]; a-la-xle-ta-ha o-yo-shi-ha (álaxletáha óyoshiha) - to the leeward of something, on the leeward side [Kaw]; do-do-yo-shi-ha (dódoyoshiha) - adverb of motion [Kaw]

side, at or on other side

► i-maⁿ-ta (imą́tta) - at or on the other side

► cf. i-maⁿ (imą́) - the other; ta (tta) - to, at, toward, in that direction

► ex: i-maⁿ-ta o-pʰe naⁿ de, i-ke (imą́tta opʰé ną dé, iké) - paddle on the other side, he said to him [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ-pe i-maⁿ-ta ma-sa-ni ki-di-shto-ta-i ni-he (hǫpé imą́tta masáni kidíštotá-inihé) - pull off her other shoe, the one on the other side! [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ kaⁿ-iⁿ kda-i taⁿ, “hoⁿ-pe i-maⁿ-ta ma-sa-ni ki-di-shto-ta-i ni-he,” i-we-ki niⁿ i-ya ni-kaⁿ-saⁿ (kóišǫ́ttą ką́į kdá-i tą, “hǫpé imą́tta masáni kidíštotá-i nihé,” iwéki nį́ iyá nikkąsą́) - then/just as they started home/when/shoe/other one/on one side/pull ye it off from her/he was saying it to them/it is said/police [JOD]

► Dhegiha: i-moⁿ (í-moⁿ) - the other one [FL-Osage]; i-maⁿ (ímą) - which, other [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: i-moⁿ-kshe (imoⁿkshe) - the other of the two [FL-Osage]; i-maⁿ-kshe (ímąkše) - other [CQ-Osage]; i-maⁿ-cʰe (ímącʰe) - next (one), other (one) [CQ-Osage]; i-maⁿ-the (ímąðe) - one or the other [CQ-Osage]; i-maⁿ-ʰta-ha (ímąʰtaha), i-ma-ʰta-ha (ímaʰtaha) - the other way [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: aⁿ-ma-ta (áⁿ-ma-ta) - to the other side, in the other direction [JOD-Omaha]; a-maⁿ-ʰta (ámąʰta), e-maⁿ-ʰta (émąʰta) - that way, that direction, lit., ‘toward the other’ [CQ-Osage]; a-moⁿ-ta (ámoⁿta), o-moⁿ-ta (ómoⁿta) - to the other side [Kaw]

side, edge, on its side

► di-shaⁿ (disą́) - side, edge, on its side

► ex: i-di-shaⁿ (idišą́) - to go around an object [JOD]

► ex: e-ta te-ta i-di-shaⁿ (étta ttétta ídišą) - around in that direction

► ex: ko-ta te-ta i-di-shaⁿ (kóta ttétta ídišą) - on that side of

► ex: to-ta te-ta i-di-shaⁿ (tóta ttétta ídišą) - on this side of

► ex: o-di-shaⁿ (odíšą) - go around in a circle

side, first on one side then on the other

► i-ki-di-toⁿ (ikídittǫ) - first on one side then on the other [JOD]

► cf. i-ki-di-toⁿ-toⁿ (íkkidíttǫttǫ) - back and forth, interchange

► ex: shi-naⁿ-naⁿ i-ki-di-toⁿ o-pʰe niⁿ i-ya-we (šiną́ną ikídittǫ opʰé nį iyáwe) - again and again, first on one side then on the other, he was paddling, they said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: thi i-ki-thi toⁿ-ga (thi ikithi toⁿga) - reverse, convert [Omaha]; i-ʰki-thi-ʰtoⁿ-ga (i-ḳi-thi-ṭoⁿ-ga) - to interchange, permutation [FL-Osage]

side, left hand or side

► da-ta (dátta) - left hand or side

► ex: naⁿ-pe da-ta te-ta (nąpé dátta ttétta) - left hand

► ex: a da-ta kʰe (á dátta kʰe) - the left arm

► Dhegiha: tha-tʰa (thátʰa) - the left (hand, arm, etc.) [Omaha/Ponca]; tha-ʰta (thá-ṭa) - the left, on the left, left handed [FL-Osage]; tha-ʰta (ðáʰta) - left, leftward, lefthand [CQ-Osage]; ya-ta (yáta) - left, left side, be left handed [Kaw]

side, on that side of

► ko-ta te-ta i-di-shaⁿ (kóta ttétta ídišą) - on that side of

► cf. ko-ta (kóta) - over there, on that side of, on the other side, beyond, yonder, farther off, farther over there, ahead; tʰe-ta (tʰétta) - to the, at the [JOD]; i-di-shaⁿ (idišą́) - to go around an object [JOD]; e-ta te-ta i-di-shaⁿ (étta ttétta ídišą) - around in that direction; to-ta te-ta i-di-shaⁿ (tóta ttétta ídišą) - on this side of; o-di-shaⁿ (odíšą) - go around in a circle

► Dhegiha: gu-da-thi-shaⁿ (gú-da-¢i-caⁿ), gu-a-thi-shaⁿ (gú-a-¢i-caⁿ) - beyond, on that side of [JOD-Omaha]; go-da thi-shoⁿ (gó-da thi-shoⁿ) - on the other side [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: gu-da-tʰe-ta (gú-da-tĕ́-t͓a), gu-a-tʰe-ta (gú-a-tĕ́-t͓a) - to the std. in. ob. or col. of in. objects beyond (another place) [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: gu-da-tʰe (gú-da-tĕ), gu-a-tʰe (gú-a-tĕ) - the std. in. ob. or col. of in. objects beyond (another place) [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: gu-da (gúda), gu-a (gúa) - on that side of, beyond (a person or place), yonder, farther off [JOD-Omaha]; go-da (gó-da) - ahead [FL-Osage]; ko-ta (kootá) - farther over there, beyond, on the other side of something [CQ-Osage]; ko-ta (kóota) - that yonder, that (person or thing) over there (beyond speaker or hearer); the farther one in space or time [CQ-Osage]; go-da (góda) - yonder [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: tʰe-ta (tĕ́-t͓a) - at or to the std. in. ob., etc. [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: i-thi-shoⁿ-ha (í-thi-shoⁿ-ha) - to detour, to go around [FL-Osage]; i-thi-shaⁿ-ha (íðišąha) - detour around, go around, avoid [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: u-thi-shoⁿ (uthíshoⁿ) - around, around someone or something, moving circularly like the hands of a clock, go around, circle, to go around in a circle, to go around something [Omaha/Ponca]; u-thi-shoⁿ (uthíshoⁿ) - circle, encircle, surround, cycle, round [Omaha]; u-thi-shoⁿ (u-thí-shoⁿ) - marching around in a circle [FL-Osage]

side, on the opposite side

► ma-sa-ni (masáni) - opposite side, on, across; a horizontal object, a road or river

► ex: ma-sa-ni (masáni) - on one side [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ kaⁿ-iⁿ kda-i taⁿ, “hoⁿ-pe i-maⁿ-ta ma-sa-ni ki-di-shto-ta-i ni-he,” i-we-ki niⁿ i-ya ni-kaⁿ-saⁿ (kóišǫ́ttą ką́į kdá-i tą, “hǫpé imą́tta masáni kidíštotá-i nihé,” iwéki nį́ iyá nikkąsą́) - then/just as they started home/when/shoe/other one/on one side/pull ye it off from her/he was saying it to them/it is said/police [JOD]

► ex: ma-sa-ni-taⁿ (masanítą) - from the other side [JOD]

► ex: shka-te shoⁿ-niⁿ naⁿ-zha ma-sa-ni-taⁿ ni-ka-shi-ka miⁿ ki-baⁿ hi-de (škátte šǫ-nį́ ną́ža másanítą níkkašíka mį́ kíbą híde) - after he had been playing awhile, a person called to him from the other side (of the river) [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ma-sa-ni (masáni) - the other side; on the other side; half of a pair; on one side of [JOD-Omaha]; ma-sa-ni-a-ta (masániaʇá) - on the other side of [JOD-Omaha]; ma-sa-ni-a-ta (masániaʇa), (masániat͓a) - to the other side; to the other side of [JOD-Omaha]; moⁿ-soⁿ-í-ʰta (móⁿ-çoⁿ-í-ṭa) - at the other side [FL-Osage]; moⁿ-soⁿ-í-ʰta (moⁿ-çóⁿ-thiⁿ-ṭa) - on one side [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-siⁿ-ha (mąsį́ha) - to or on the other side, opposite [CQ-Osage]; ma-siⁿ (masíⁿ), mo-siⁿ (mosíⁿ) - other side of something, as a stream; in the direction of the other side; on one of two sides; half of something [Kaw]

side, on the opposite side from

► i-ki-xa-ta (ikkixátta) - on the opposite side from, of a house, tent, etc.

► cf. i-ka-xa-ta (íkaxátta) - on the opposite side of something; ka-xa (kaxá) - to outdistance, surpass, excel, exceed, go ahead or beyond a person or place, outrun, outstrip, beat someone in a race, get the better of; ta (tta) - to, at, toward, in that direction;

► Dhegiha: ga-xa-ta gthiⁿ (gaqat͓a g¢iⁿ) - to sit elsewhere or apart from the rest [JOD-Omaha]

ga-xa-ta xtshi (gaqáʇaqtci) - at one side [JOD-Omaha]; ga-xa-ta (ga-qá-t͓a) - aside; back from the stream or fire; to go back or aside; to retire or withdraw [JOD-Omaha]; ga-xa-ʰta (ga-xá-ṭa) - at a distance away [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: ga-xa (gaqá) - surpass, excel, exceed, go beyond [Omaha/Ponca]; ga-xa (ga-qá) - to excel, surpass, go ahead or beyond a person or place; said of two men or chiefs, one excels at first in activity or bravery, but by and by the inferior one outstrips him; said of two men running or walking, when one gets ahead; said of two brothers, when the younger excels the older (who is lazy, etc.) in activity [JOD-Omaha]; ga-xa (ga-xá) - to outdistance; to excel; outrun; outstrip [FL-Osage]; ka-xa (káaxa) - beat someone in a race [CQ-Osage]; ga-xa (gaxá) - surpass, excel, get the better of [Kaw]

side, on the opposite side of something

► i-ka-xa-ta (íkaxátta) - on the opposite side of something

► cf. ka-xa (kaxá) - to outdistance, surpass, excel, exceed, go ahead or beyond a person or place, outrun, outstrip, beat someone in a race, get the better of; ta (tta) - to, at, toward, in that direction; i-ki-xa-ta (ikkixátta) - on the opposite side from, of a house, tent, etc.

► ex: i-ka-xa-ta (íkaxátta) - on the opposite side of the lodge [JOD]

► ex: i-ka-xa-ta koi-ta kniⁿ (íkaxátta kóitta knį́) on the opposite side of the lodge/in that place/sit thou [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ-tʰaⁿ-hi, “i-ka-xa-ta koi-ta kniⁿ,” i-yi i-ya wa-sa niⁿ-kʰe (hǫ́tʰąhi, “íkaxátta kóitta knį́,” iyí iyá wasá niⁿkʰe) - then the black bear said, “sit over there on the other side of the lodge,” they said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ga-xa-ta gthiⁿ (gaqat͓a g¢iⁿ) - to sit elsewhere or apart from the rest [JOD-Omaha]

ga-xa-ta xtshi (gaqáʇaqtci) - at one side [JOD-Omaha]; ga-xa-ta (ga-qá-t͓a) - aside; back from the stream or fire; to go back or aside; to retire or withdraw [JOD-Omaha]; ga-xa-ʰta (ga-xá-ṭa) - at a distance away [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: ga-xa (gaqá) - surpass, excel, exceed, go beyond [Omaha/Ponca]; ga-xa (ga-qá) - to excel, surpass, go ahead or beyond a person or place; said of two men or chiefs, one excels at first in activity or bravery, but by and by the inferior one outstrips him; said of two men running or walking, when one gets ahead; said of two brothers, when the younger excels the older (who is lazy, etc.) in activity [JOD-Omaha]; ga-xa (ga-xá) - to outdistance; to excel; outrun; outstrip [FL-Osage]; ka-xa (káaxa) - beat someone in a race [CQ-Osage]; ga-xa (gaxá) - surpass, excel, get the better of [Kaw]

side, on the other side of

► ko-to-do-shi (kótodóši) - beyond, on the other side of

► cf. ko-ta (kóta) - over there, on that side of, on the other side, beyond, yonder, farther off, farther over there, ahead; ko-to-ka-xde (kótokáxde) - facing the other way; ko-ta-ha (kótaha) - that yonder, that over there; ko-ta-niⁿ (kótanį) - that singular/moving/animate over there; ko-ta-niⁿ-kʰe (kótanįkʰe) - that singular/sitting/animate, yonder; ko-ta-tʰaⁿ (kótatʰą) - that singular/standing/animate, yonder; ko-ta te-ta i-di-shaⁿ (kóta ttétta ídišą) - on that side of; ko-ta-de-de-niⁿ (kótadédenį́) - that departed singular/moving/animate, yonder; ko-ta-de-de-tʰaⁿ (kótadédetʰą́) - that departed singular/standing/animate, yonder

► Dhegiha: gu-da (gúda), gu-a (gúa) - on that side of, beyond (a person or place), yonder, farther off [JOD-Omaha]; go-da (gó-da) - ahead [FL-Osage]; gu-da (gú-da) - facing the opposite direction [FL-Osage]; ko-ta (kootá) - farther over there, beyond, on the other side of something [CQ-Osage]; ko-ta (kóota) - that yonder, that (person or thing) over there (beyond speaker or hearer); the farther one in space or time [CQ-Osage]; go-da (góda) - yonder [Kaw]

side, on the west side

► mi o-xpe-ta-de-de-do-shi (mi óxpettadédedóši) - on the west side

► mi o-xpe-ta-de-de-do-shi (míoxpe-ttadede doši) - toward the sunset

► cf. mi o-xpe (mí oxpé) - sunset; ta-de-de-do-shi (-ttadédedóši) - towards, in that direction; mi o-xpe-ta-de-de (mí oxpéttadéde) - southwest, “towards sunset”; ta-de-de (-ttadéde) - towards, in the direction of; e-ta-do-shi éttadóši) - around by the other side; ko-to-do-shi (kótodóši) - beyond, on the other side of; to-to-do-shi (tótodóši) - on this side of

► Dhegiha: mi u-xpe (mi-ú-xpe) - sun falls, sunset [FL-Osage]

side, on this side

► to-ta (tóta) - on this side, in this direction, this way, hither

► ex: to-ta hi ka ha-o (tóta hí ka haó) - you come hither! [JOD]

► Dhegiha: du-da (dúda), du-a (dúa) - on this side and nearer this place; hither [JOD-Omaha]; do-da (dó-da) - in this direction [FL-Osage]; do-da (dóda) - this way, the one on this side; the one who is present [Kaw]

side, on this side of

► to-ta te-ta i-di-shaⁿ (tóta ttétta ídišą) - on this side of

► cf. to-ta (tóta) - on this side; tʰe-ta (tʰétta) - to the, at the [JOD]; i-di-shaⁿ (idišą́) - to go around an object [JOD]; o-di-shaⁿ (odíšą) - go around in a circle; e-ta te-ta i-di-shaⁿ (étta ttétta ídišą) - around in that direction; ko-ta te-ta i-di-shaⁿ (kóta ttétta ídišą) - on that side of

► Dhegiha: du-da-tʰe-ta (dú-da-tĕ́-t͓a), du-a-tʰe-ta (dú-a-tĕ́-t͓a) - to the std. in. od. or col. of in. objects on this side of (a place) [JOD-Omaha]; tʰe-ta (tĕ́-t͓a) - at or to the std. in. ob., etc. [JOD-Omaha]; du-da-tʰe-ta-thi-shaⁿ (dú-da-tĕ-t͓á-¢i-caⁿ), du-a-tʰe-ta-thi-shaⁿ (dú-a-tĕ-t͓á-¢i-caⁿ) - on account of the std. in. ob. or col. of in. objects on this side of (a place) [JOD-Omaha]; tʰe-ta-thi-shaⁿ (tĕ-t͓á-¢i-caⁿ) - towards, pertaining to, or on account of, the std. in. ob., etc. [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: du-da-thi-shaⁿ (dúda¢icaⁿ), du-a-thi-shaⁿ (duá¢icaⁿ) - on this side of [JOD-Omaha]; du-da-thi-shoⁿ (du-dá-thi-shoⁿ) - this side, on this side [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: i-thi-shoⁿ-ha (í-thi-shoⁿ-ha) - to detour, to go around [FL-Osage]; i-thi-shaⁿ-ha (íðišąha) - detour around, go around, avoid [CQ-Osage]

► to-to-do-shi (tótodóši) - on this side of

► cf. to-ta (tóta) - on this side; to-to-ka-xde (tótokáxde) - facing this way; e-ta-do-shi (éttadóši) - around by the other side; ko-to-do-shi (kótodóši) - beyond, on the other side of; mi o-xpe-ta-de-de-do-shi (mi óxpettadédedóši) - on the west side, toward the sunset; ta-de-de-do-shi - (ttadédedóši) - towards, in that direction

► Dhegiha: u-thu-shi (u¢úci) - at the front [JOD-Omaha]; u-thu-shi-xti (u¢úciqti) - at the very front [JOD-Omaha]; o-tho-shi (oðóši) - in the way, in front of and blocking [CQ-Osage]; ti u-taⁿ-noⁿ u-thu-shi (tiu taⁿnoⁿ uthushi) - front yard [Omaha]

► Dhegiha: u-thu-shi ha u-moⁿ-thiⁿ (u-thú-shi ha u-moⁿ-thiⁿ) - to walk in advance of a group of people [FL-Osage]; o-tho-shi maⁿ-thiⁿ (oðóšimąðį) - block someone’s way or be in the way while moving [CQ-Osage]; go-da o-yo-shi-ha (góda oyóshiha) - to the other side, to the other side of [Kaw]; ki-maⁿ-haⁿ-ta-ha o-yo-shi-ha (kímaⁿhaⁿtáha óyoshiha) - to the windward of something [Kaw]; a-la-xle-ta-ha o-yo-shi-ha (álaxletáha óyoshiha) - to the leeward of something, on the leeward side [Kaw]; do-do-yo-shi-ha (dódoyoshiha) - adverb of motion [Kaw]

side, on this side of a certain point

► to-wa (tówa) - on this side of a certain point

► ex: to-wa-da-tʰe (tówadatʰé) - those dual/standing or collection/inanimate objects on this side

► ex: to-wa-ke (tówaké) - those plural/standing/animate objects on this side

► ex: to-wa-kʰe (tówakʰe) - that singular/lying/inanimate object on this side

► ex: to-wa-ni-kʰa (tówanikʰá) - those plural sitting or lying objects on this side

► ex: to-wa-niⁿ (tówanį) - that singular/moving/animate object on this side or the nearer of two objects

sitting object on this side

► ex: to-wa-pa (tówapa) - those plural/moving/animate objects on this side

► ex: to-wa-tʰe (tówatʰe) - that singular/standing or collection/inanimate object on this side

side, right side

► ta-te-ta (tattétta) - on the right side

► e-ta te-ta (ettá ttetta) - at or on the right side

► cf. e-ta (etta) - there [JOD]; tʰe-ta (tʰettá) - to the, at the; ta (tta) - to, at, toward, in that direction; e-ta te-ta i-di-shaⁿ (étta ttétta ídišą) - around in that direction; naⁿ-pe ta-te-ta (nąpé tattétta) - right hand; naⁿ-pe da-ta te-ta (nąpé dátta ttétta) - left hand; ko-ta te-ta i-di-shaⁿ (kóta ttétta ídišą) - on that side of; to-ta te-ta i-di-shaⁿ (tóta ttétta ídišą) - on this side of

► Dhegiha: e-ta (ĕ́ʇa) - there [JOD-Omaha]; e-ʰta (e-ṭá) - thitherward; toward the person [FL-Osage]; e-ta (éta) - there, towards that place [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ta (-ta) - at, to [Omaha/Ponca]; ta (-ta) - suffix of position or of motion to a place; at; to [JOD-Omaha]; ʰta (ṭa) - in that direction [FL-Osage]; ʰta (ʰta) - toward, in the direction of, from, into [CQ-Osage]; ta (-ta) - in, at, towards: locative added to nouns or adverbs to create an adverb [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: tʰe-ta (tĕ́-t͓a) - at or to the std. in. ob., etc. [JOD-Omaha]

► shtoⁿ-ka (štǫ́ka) - right side or hand

► cf. a shtoⁿ-ka kʰe (a štǫ́ka kʰe) - the right arm

► Dhegiha: i-shnu-ga (iɔnúga) - right [JOD-Omaha]; i-sdo-ge (í-sdo-ge), i-stu-ge (í-stu-ge) - on the right hand or side, the right side, the right hand, the right arm [FL-Osage]; noⁿ-be i-sdo-ge tse (nóⁿ-be i-sdo-ge tse) - the right hand [FL-Osage]; i-shtoⁿ-ka (íštǫka) - right, on the right, rightward, to the right [CQ-Osage]; i-shtoⁿ-ga (ishtóⁿga) - right, on the right side [Kaw]; naⁿ-be i-shtoⁿ-ga (naⁿbé ishtóⁿga) - right hand [Kaw]

side, that singular/lying/inanimate object on this side

► to-kʰe (tokʰé) - that singular/lying/inanimate object on this side

► cf. kʰe (kʰe) - the singular/lying/animate or inanimate

► Dhegiha: do (do) - in this direction, toward here; that one, the one over there; this one, the one over here [Kaw]

► to-wa-kʰe (tówakʰe) - that singular/lying/inanimate object on this side

► cf. to-wa (tówa) - on this side of a certain point; kʰe (kʰe) - the singular/lying/animate or inanimate

► Dhegiha: to-wa (tówa) - that, those (of one or more persons or things that are more remote than someone/something else or whose exact description in unknown or of little importance to the speech event) [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: kʰe (kʰe) - the inanimate lying, the inanimate horizontal, be positioned horizontally, an extended action in a lying position [Omaha]; kshe (kshe) - to prostrate, that lies, to lay down, to place flat on the ground or to be prostrate on any surface, the length of time from the beginning of a vigil [FL-Osage]; kshe (kše) - positional article for an entity that is lying down or long; positional article that indicates plurality of an inanimate entity that takes tsʰe (cʰe) “standing” positional in the singular [CQ-Osage]; kshe (kše) - lying down or long [CQ-Osage]; khe (khe) - “the”; definite article for lying/inanimate objects [Kaw]

side, that singular/moving/animate object arriving on this side

► to-ta-hi-de-niⁿ (tótahídenį́) - that singular/moving/animate object arriving on this side

► cf. to-ta (tóta) - on this side; hi (hi) - arrive, reach there, have been; come, be coming here, not own; hi-de (hidé) - to send it hither [JOD]; hi-de (hidé) - go, to have gone somewhere; niⁿ (nį) - the singular/moving/animate; continuative moving

► Dhegiha: du-da-hi-the-thiⁿ (dú-da-hi-¢é-¢iⁿ), du-a-hi-the-thiⁿ (dú-a-hi-¢é-¢iⁿ) - the an. ob. mv. (in a crowd) at a great distance (from the speaker), and on this side of (a place) [JOD-Omaha]; du-da-hi-the (dú-da-hi-¢é), du-a-hi-the (dú-a-hi-¢é) - at a great distance from (the speaker), and on this side of a place [JOD-Omaha]; du-da-hi (dú-da-hi), du-a-hi (dú-a-hi) - on this side of (it) at a short distance [JOD-Omaha]

side, that singular/moving/animate object on this side

► to-ta-niⁿ (tótanį́) - that singular/moving/animate object on this side

► cf. to-ta (tóta) - on this side; niⁿ (nį) - the singular/moving/animate; continuative moving

► Dhegiha: du-da-thiⁿ (dúda¢iⁿ), du-a-thiⁿ (dua¢iⁿ) - the an. ob. mv. on this side of (the place); what is seen [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: du-da (dúda), du-a (dúa) - on this side and nearer this place; hither [JOD-Omaha]; do-da (dó-da) - in this direction [FL-Osage]; do-da (dóda) - this way, the one on this side; the one who is present [Kaw]

side, that singular/moving/animate object on this side or the nearer of two objects

► to-wa-niⁿ (tówanį) - that singular/moving/animate object on this side or the nearer of two objects

► cf. to-wa (tówa) - on this side of a certain point; niⁿ (nį) - the singular/moving/animate; niⁿ (nį) - continuative moving

► Dhegiha: to-wa (tówa) - that, those (of one or more persons or things that are more remote than someone/something else or whose exact description in unknown or of little importance to the speech event) [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: thiⁿ (thiⁿ) - the moving [JOD-Omaha]; thiⁿ (thiⁿ) - a man or animal moving about [FL-Osage]; yi (yi) - continuative, moving/animate [Kaw]

side, that singular/moving/animate object that arrived on this side

► to-hi-niⁿ (tóhinį) - that singular/moving/animate object that arrived on this side

► cf. hi (hi) - arrive, reach there, have been; come, be coming here, not own; niⁿ (nį) - the singular/moving/animate; continuative moving

► Dhegiha: do (do) - in this direction, toward here; that one, the one over there; this one, the one over here [Kaw]

side, that singular/sitting object on this side

► to-wa-niⁿ-kʰe (tówanįkʰé) - that singular/sitting object on this side

► cf. to-wa (tówa) - on this side of a certain point; niⁿ-kʰe (nįkʰe) - the singular/sitting/animate or inanimate; niⁿ-kʰe (nįkʰé) - continuative sitting

► Dhegiha: to-wa iⁿ-kshe (tówa įkše) - that one of uncertain or unimportant identity (animate or inanimate); that person sitting; that object or thing sitting there; that group of objects of uncertain or unimportant identity (not animate if plural) [CQ-Osage]; to-wa (tówa) - that, those (of one or more persons or things that are more remote than someone/something else or whose exact description in unknown or of little importance to the speech event) [CQ-Osage]

side, that singular/sitting/animate nearby object on this side of a place

► to-hi-niⁿ-kʰe (tóhinįkʰé) - that singular/sitting/animate nearby object on this side of a place

► cf. hi (hi) - arrive, reach there, have been; come, be coming here, not own; niⁿ-kʰe (nįkʰe) - the singular/sitting/animate or inanimate; continuative sitting

► Dhegiha: do (do) - in this direction, toward here; that one, the one over there; this one, the one over here [Kaw]

side, that singular/sitting/animate object on this side

► to-ta-niⁿ-kʰe (tótanįkʰé) - that singular/sitting/animate object on this side

► cf. to-ta (tóta) - on this side; niⁿ-kʰe (nįkʰe) - the singular/sitting/animate or inanimate; continuative sitting

► Dhegiha: du-da-thiⁿ-ke (dú-da-¢iñ-ké), du-a-thiⁿ-ke (dú-a-¢iñ-ké) - the an. ob. st. on this side of (the place) [JOD-Omaha]; du-da thiⁿ-kse (dú-da thiⁿ-kshe) - the one sitting on this side [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: du-da (dúda), du-a (dúa) - on this side and nearer this place; hither [JOD-Omaha]; do-da (dó-da) - in this direction [FL-Osage]; do-da (dóda) - this way, the one on this side; the one who is present [Kaw]

side, that singular/standing or collection/inanimate object on this side

► to-wa-tʰe (tówatʰe) - that singular/standing or collection/inanimate object on this side

► cf. to-wa (tówa) - on this side of a certain point; tʰe (tʰe) - the singular/standing/inanimate, collection/inanimate

► Dhegiha: to-wa tsʰe (tówa cʰe) - this one (thing) standing here, that one (thing) standing there; those ones, that stuff (a collection of sitting or round inanimate objects (such as a bunch of grapes) whose exact identity is unimportant or unknown) [CQ-Osage]; to-wa (tówa) - that, those (of one or more persons or things that are more remote than someone/something else or whose exact description in unknown or of little importance to the speech event) [CQ-Osage]

side, that singular/standing/animate object coming on this side

► to-ta-hi-de-tʰaⁿ (tótahídetʰą́) - that singular/standing/animate object coming, on this side

► cf. to-ta (tóta) - on this side; hi (hi) - arrive, reach there, have been; come, be coming here, not own; hi-de (hidé) - to send it hither [JOD]; hi-de (hidé) - go, to have gone somewhere; tʰaⁿ (tʰą) - the standing/animate; continuative auxiliary, singular/standing/animate

► Dhegiha: du-da-hi-the-taⁿ (dú-da-hi-¢é-taⁿ), du-a-hi-the-taⁿ (dú-a-hi-¢é-taⁿ) - the an. ob. std. at a great distance from (the speaker) and on this side of (a place) [JOD-Omaha]; du-da-hi-the (dú-da-hi-¢é), du-a-hi-the (dú-a-hi-¢é) - at a great distance from (the speaker), and on this side of a place [JOD-Omaha]; du-da-hi (dú-da-hi), du-a-hi (dú-a-hi) - on this side of (it) at a short distance [JOD-Omaha]

side, that singular/standing/animate object on this side

► to-ta-tʰaⁿ (tótatʰą́) - that singular/standing/animate object on this side

► cf. to-ta (tóta) - on this side; tʰaⁿ (tʰą) - the standing/animate; continuative auxiliary, singular/standing/animate

► Dhegiha: du-da-taⁿ (dú-da-taⁿ), du-a-taⁿ (dú-a-taⁿ) - the an. ob. std. on this side of (a place) [JOD-Omaha]; du-da-toⁿ (dú-da toⁿ) - the one standing on this side [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: du-da (dúda), du-a (dúa) - on this side and nearer this place; hither [JOD-Omaha]; do-da (dó-da) - in this direction [FL-Osage]; do-da (dóda) - this way, the one on this side; the one who is present [Kaw]

side, that singular/standing/animate object on this side of a place he has reached

► to-hi-tʰoⁿ (tóhitʰǫ) - that singular/standing/animate object on this side of a place he has reached

► cf. hi (hi) - arrive, reach there, have been; come, be coming here, not own; tʰaⁿ (tʰą) - the standing/animate; continuative auxiliary, singular/standing/animate

► Dhegiha: do (do) - in this direction, toward here; that one, the one over there; this one, the one over here [Kaw]

side, those dual/standing or collection/inanimate objects on this side

► to-wa-da-tʰe (tówadatʰé) - those dual/standing or collection/inanimate objects on this side

► cf. to-wa (tówa) - on this side of a certain point; de-da-tʰe (dédatʰe) - these dual/standing/inanimate; ka-da-tʰe (kádatʰe) - those dual/standing/invisible/inanimate; she-da-tʰe (šédatʰe) - those dual/standing/visible/inanimate objects

► Dhegiha: to-wa (tówa) - that, those (of one or more persons or things that are more remote than someone/something else or whose exact description in unknown or of little importance to the speech event) [CQ-Osage]

side, those plural sitting or lying objects on this side

► to-wa-ni-kʰa (tówanikʰá) - those plural sitting or lying objects on this side

► cf. to-wa (tówa) - on this side of a certain point; ni-kʰa (nikʰa) - 3^rd person plural continuative sitting; de-ni-kʰa (dénikʰá) - these sitting or lying/animate; ka-ni-kʰa (kánikʰa) - those plural sitting or lying/invisible/animate; koi-ni-kʰa (kóinikʰá) - those remote sitting or lying/visible; ko-wa-ni-kʰa (kówanikʰá) - those plural sitting or lying, yonder; she-ni-kʰa (šénikʰa) - those plural/sitting or lying/visible

► Dhegiha: to-wa (tówa) - that, those (of one or more persons or things that are more remote than someone/something else or whose exact description in unknown or of little importance to the speech event) [CQ-Osage]

side, those plural/moving/animate objects on this side

► to-wa-pa (tówapa) - those plural/moving/animate objects on this side

► cf. to-wa (tówa) - on this side of a certain point; a-pa (apa), pa (ppa) - the, definite article for plural/moving/animate objects; a-pa (apa), pa (ppa) - continuative aspect marker, plural of niⁿ (nį)

► Dhegiha: to-wa a-pa (tówa apa) - group of people or single person of unknown or unimportant identity, moving and marked as the subject of a sentence [CQ-Osage]; to-wa pa (tówa pa) - group of people of unknown or unimportant identity [CQ-Osage]; to-wa (tówa) - that, those (of one or more persons or things that are more remote than someone/something else or whose exact description in unknown or of little importance to the speech event) [CQ-Osage]

side, those plural/standing/animate objects on this side

► to-wa-ke (tówaké) - those plural/standing/animate objects on this side

► cf. to-wa (tówa) - on this side of a certain point; ke (ke) - the plural/standing/animate or plural/standing/inanimate

► Dhegiha: to-wa (tówa) - that, those (of one or more persons or things that are more remote than someone/something else or whose exact description in unknown or of little importance to the speech event) [CQ-Osage]

side, to side with them

► o-do-wa-ki (odówaki) - to side with them [JOD]

► cf. o-do-ki-zhi (odókkiži) - talk against, (not defend)

► ex: o-do-wa-ki (odówaki) - he sided with them [JOD]

► ex: e-toⁿ ma-shtiⁿ-ke, ni-ka-shi-ka o-do-wa-ki e-kaⁿ, za-ni-xti t’e-wa-de koⁿ-da naⁿ, i-ya (ettǫ́ maštį́ke, níkkašíka odówaki eką́, zaní-xti tʔéwade kǫ́da ną, iyá) - therefore rabbit, who sided with the Indians, wanted to kill all of the black bears, it is said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: u-thu-ki (u-thú-ki) - to defend, to defend a friend or relative in a fight or altercation, to uphold in an argument [FL-Osage]

sideburns, whiskers

► da-ka-hiⁿ (dakáhį) - whiskers, sideburns

► cf. da-ka (dáka) - jaw, the under jaw; hiⁿ (hį) - fur, hair of the body, down of bird; da-ka wa-hi (dáka wáhi) - jawbone; da-ka wa-hi (dáka wáhi) - chin [MS]

sigh

► o-ni-oⁿ-kda-zi (oníǫkdázi) - sigh ► o-a-ni-oⁿ-kda-zi (oániǫkdázi) - I, o-da-ni-oⁿ-kda-zi (odániǫkdázi) - you

► cf. o-ni-aⁿ-hi-de (onią́hidé) - breathe; o-ni-aⁿ niⁿ-ke hi (onią́ nįké hi) - no noise, “not even breathing” [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ni-u-gtha-zi (niugthazi) - to sigh or groan [Omaha/Ponca]; ni-oⁿ-gthu-ze (ni-óⁿ-gthu-çe) - a sigh; to sigh; to breath deep [FL-Osage]

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