English to Quapaw Dictionary

S

saber - scarf	scarlet - seeds	seesaw  -  shaman	shame - shore
short - sigh	sight - sitting	six - slivers	slow - soak
soap - soul	sound - spits	splash - stands	star - stockings
stomach - stretching	stride - Sunday	sunrise - syrup

 

seesaw, to play seesaw

► ki-pi-za-za (kkíppizáza) - to play seesaw

► ex: aⁿ-ki-pi-za-za (ąkkíppizaza) - let’s seesaw each other, let’s play seesaw

 

seize, grasp, take hold of

► o-naⁿ (oną́) - take hold of, seize, grasp ► o-bnaⁿ (obną́) - I, o-taⁿ (ottą́) - you, oⁿ-ko-naⁿ-we (ǫkónąwe) - we

► ex: o-wa-naⁿ (ówaną) - he grasped them [JOD]

► ex: ma-shtiⁿ-ke wa-sa naⁿ-pa ni-kʰa o-wa-naⁿ i-ya (maštį́ke wasá nąpá nikʰá ówaną iyá) - the rabbit took hold of the two black bears, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: o-naⁿ (oną́) - he took hold of him [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ miⁿ di-ze naⁿ ta-i-ta o-naⁿ a-taⁿ di-ba-xe naⁿ o-zhi-ha o-knaⁿ kaⁿ-niⁿ-kʰe (kóišǫ́ttą mį dizé ną ttáitta oną́ attą dibáxe ną óžiha okną ką́-nįkʰé) - then he grabbed one, held it by the neck and broke it, then put it in a bag [JOD]

► ex: o-naⁿ (oną́) - he seized him [JOD]

► ex: naⁿ-ka-ti o-naⁿ taⁿ, wa-pa-iⁿ-ti o-bi-taⁿ-taⁿ-da niⁿ i-ya maⁿ-tʰo (ną́kka-ttí oną́ tą, wappaį́-tti obíttąttą́da nį́ iyá mątʰó) - he (Grizzly bear) seized him (Rabbit) by the back and Grizzly bear rolled him over and over in the blood, it is said [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: u-thoⁿ (úthoⁿ) - arrest, grab, to take hold of or arrest them [Omaha/Ponca]; u-thoⁿ (uthóⁿ) - grasp, seize, hold, grab, to grasp or seize an animal or inanimate object [Omaha/Ponca]; u-thoⁿ (uthoⁿ) - catch, caught, clench, clasp, grasp, hold, handle [Omaha]; u-thoⁿ (u-thoⁿ) - to seize, to hold, to grasp [FL-Osage]

 

self, body

► zho-i-ka (žoíka), (žóika) - body, self

► cf. zho (žo) - flesh, meat

► ex: zho-i-ka bdo-ka di-shpa-shpa (žoíka bdóka dišpášpa) - body/entire/(they) pulled to small pieces [JOD]

► ex: zho-i-ka bdo-ka di-shpa-shpa taⁿ aⁿ-da-we, i-ya (žoíka bdóka dišpášpa attą ądáwe, iyá) tearing his entire body to pieces and scattering the pieces all around, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: zho-i-ka bdo-ka hi (žoíka bdóka hi) - body/entire/very [JOD]

► ex: e-shoⁿ wa-zhiⁿ-ka ha o-ki-pa-tʰe zho-i-ka bdo-ka hi we-niⁿ-tʰaⁿ naⁿ i-ya (ešǫ́ wažį́ka ha okkíppatʰe žoíka bdóka hi wénįtʰą́ ną iyá) - and then he clothed his entire body, sewing bird skins together, it is said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: zhu-ga (zhúga) - a body [Omaha/Ponca]; zhu-ga (zhúga) - body [Omaha]; zho-i-ga (zhó-i-ga), zhu-i-ga (zhú-i-ga) - body; flesh [FL-Osage]; zho-i-ka (žóika), zhu-o-ka (žúoka) - human body [CQ-Osage]; zho-ga (zhóga) - body, entire body [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: zhu (zhu) - flesh, body [Omaha/Ponca]; zhu (zhu) - flesh or body [FL-Osage]

 

sell

► we-niⁿ (wénį) - sell ► we-bniⁿ (wébnį) - I, we-tiⁿ (wéttį) - you, wi-oⁿ-niⁿ-we (wiǫ́nįwe) - we

► Dhegiha: we-thiⁿ-wiⁿ (wéthiⁿwiⁿ) - to sell [Omaha/Ponca]; we-thi-wiⁿ (wéthiwiⁿ) - sell [Omaha]; we-thi-wiⁿ (we-thí-wiⁿ) - to sell or purchase [FL-Osage]; we-thu-wiⁿ (wéðuwį) - sell something by partering for other stuff; buy or acquire stuff with something [CQ-Osage]

 

Seminole Indian

► si-mi-no-ni (sí-mi-nó-ni) - Kwapa name for the Seminole Indians [JOD]

► se-mi-no-ne (seminóne) - Seminole Indian [ASG]

► se-mi-no-ne-we (seminonéwe) - Seminole Indians [ASG]

 

send here

► hi-de (hidé) - to send here; cause to come here

► cf. hi (hi) - come, be coming here, not own; de (dé) - cause to, to cause; hi-de (híde) - precipitate, as rain, snow; hi-de (hidé) - go, to have gone somewhere

► ex: aⁿ-te-zhe hi-de (ą́teže hidé) - micturating on me/sends it hither [JOD]

► ex: a-te-zhe naⁿ, “ta-taⁿ ke aⁿ-te-zhe hi-de, mi-ka-x’e aⁿ-te-zhe hi-de e-te te,” i-ye (atéže ną, “táttą ke ą́teže hidé, mikkáxʔe ą́teže hidé étte tte,” iyé) - when I urinated, “what is this urinating on me, I wonder if it’s the stars urinating on me?” he said [JOD]

► ex: aⁿ-naⁿ-de hi-de (ąną́de híde) - he saw me/he sent it (vision) hither [JOD]

► ex: kaⁿ naⁿ aⁿ-naⁿ-de hi-de naⁿ aⁿ-di-xe (ką ną ąną́de híde ną́ ądixé) - so when he saw me, he chased me [JOD]

► ex: i-de hi-de (íde híde) - he looked this way and saw her [JOD]

► ex: ki-baⁿ hi-de (kíbą híde) - called to him/sent it hither [JOD]

► ex: shka-te shoⁿ-niⁿ naⁿ-zha ma-sa-ni-taⁿ ni-ka-shi-ka miⁿ ki-baⁿ hi-de (škátte šǫ-nį́ ną́ža másanítą níkkašíka mį́ kíbą híde) - after he had been playing awhile, a person called to him from the other side (of the river) [JOD]

► ex: aⁿ-baⁿ hi-de (ąbą hide) - he calls to me/he sends it hither [JOD]

► ex: i-naⁿ-paⁿ aⁿ-baⁿ hi-de taⁿ bde ta miⁿ-kʰe (ínąpą́ ąbą híde tą́ bdé tta mįkʰé) - if he calls to me a second time, I will go [JOD]

► ex: knoⁿ hi-de (knǫ híde) - reviling him/sent it hither [JOD]

► ex: ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-ta-ko-iⁿ-xe hi naⁿ, knoⁿ hi-de niⁿ naⁿ (maštį́ke ettákóįγe hi ną, knǫ híde nį ną) - rabbit came around (the lake) to him (raccoon), he (rabbit) was cursing him (raccoon) [JOD]

► Dhegiha: i-the (í-¢ĕ) - to send hither [JOD-Omaha]; hiu-the (hiú-the) - to cause to come [FL-Osage]; hu-the (húðe) - cause to come here, send here; hand over, hand to, pass to by hand or other means; come here [CQ-Osage]; hu-ye (húye) - relating to weather: blowing, precipitating [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: hi-the (hí-¢ĕ) - to cause him, her, or it to reach there (not his home) [JOD-Omaha]; hi-the (hi-thé) - to have gone; to have departed; to cause to reach there; to send thither [FL-Osage]; hi-the (híðe) - send there, lit., ‘cause to arrive there’ [CQ-Osage]; hi-ye (hiyé) - to have gone (somewhere); send, lit. “cause to arrive there” [Kaw]; hi-ye (hiyé), i-ye (iyé) - to have gone to a particular place; to have set, as the sun [Kaw

 

send here for or to someone

► tʰi-kʰi-de (tʰíkʰide) - send here for or to someone ► tʰi-a-kʰi-de (tʰiakʰide) - I, tʰi-da-kʰi-de (tʰidakʰide) - you

► cf. tʰi (tʰi) - arrive, to have come here; kʰi-de (kʰide), (kʰíde) - cause to

► Dhegiha: tʰi (ti) - to come hither [JOD-Omaha]; a-tʰi (atí) - has come [JOD-Omaha]; a-tʰi (atí) - arrive here, came [Omaha]; ʰtsi (ṭsi) - to come; has come; come [FL-Osage]; a-tsʰi (acʰí), tsʰi (cʰí) - arrive here, come here, motion accomplished, reach as a location or place, initial a is sometimes omitted in 3^rd person forms and normally omitted in imoeratives [CQ-Osage]; chi (chi) - arrive over here; arrive at a place not one's home for the first time

 

send off, push and send off

► ba-taⁿ de-de (battą́ dedé) - push and send off [JOD]

► cf. ba (ba) - by pushing; de-de (déde) - sent away, causative of go

► ex: maⁿ-te kʰe ba-taⁿ de-da-taⁿ kde, i-ya-we (mątté kʰe battą́ dedá-ttą kdé, iyáwe) - she pushed with a pole against the bank and sent the canoe off and headed home, they say [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ba-daⁿ the-the (ba-dáⁿ ¢é-¢ĕ) - to push off a boat, said of the act of one std. on the shore, not on the boat [JOD-Omaha]; ba-daⁿ ye-ye (badáⁿ yéye) - to push a boat off, said of one standing on the bank or shore [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: pa-doⁿ (padoⁿ), ba-doⁿ (badoⁿ) - push [Omaha]; ba-daⁿ (ba-dáⁿ) - to push or pole a boat along, i.e., by pushing with a pole or oar against the bank or bottom of a stream; to push a sled from behind [JOD-Omaha]; ba-doⁿ (ba-dóⁿ) - to push [FL-Osage]; ba-daⁿ (badáⁿ) - push, push away, push off, shove over [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: the-the (¢é¢ĕ) - send suddenly [JOD-Omaha]; the-the (thé-the) - to send, to transmit [FL-Osage]; the-the (ðéeðe) - make go, cause to go, send, mail [CQ-Osage]; ye-ye (yéye) - auxiliary verb indicating sudden movement or forceful action [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ʰki-ʰpa-doⁿ (ḳi-p̣á-doⁿ) - to push one’s self along as in a boat [FL-Osage]; ki-pa-daⁿ (kipádaⁿ) - push oneself along in a boat (reflexive); push off one’s boat while sitting in it (suus) [Kaw]

 

send saliva off, spit

► chʰo de-de (čʰo déde) - spit, send saliva off ► a-chʰo de-a-de (ačʰó déade) - I, da-chʰo de-da-de (dačʰó dédade) - you

► cf. chʰo (čʰo) - saliva; de-de (déde) - sent away, causative of go

► Dhegiha: chʰu (chʰu) - spit, expectorate [Omaha/Ponca]; tshu (tcu) - to spit, expectorate [JOD-Omaha]; tu (tu) - expectorate [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: the-the (théthe) - to cause to go; to send off an object; used as an auxiliary verb [Omaha/Ponca]; the-the (thethé) - to go this way (in his own footprints, made previously) [Omaha/Ponca]; the-the (the the) - start; send [Omaha]; the-the (¢é¢ĕ) - send suddenly [JOD-Omaha]; the-the (thé-the) - to send; to transmit [FL-Osage]; the-the (ðéeðe) - make go, cause to go; send; mail [CQ-Osage]; ye-ye (yéye) - auxiliary verb indicating sudden movement or forceful action; far off, in the distance [Kaw]

 

send someone there for him

► a-kda-de wa-ki-de (akdáde wákkide) - send someone there for him

► cf. a-kda de (ákda dé) - go after, fetch one’s own

 

send, cause to arrive there

► hi-kʰi-de (híkʰide) - send, cause to arrive there ► hi-a-kʰi-de (híakʰide) - I, hi-da-kʰi-de (hídakʰide) - you

► cf. hi (hi) - arrive, reach there, have been; kʰi-de (kʰide), (kʰíde) - cause to

► Dhegiha: hi (hi) - to have been there, to have reached there [Omaha/Ponca]; hi (hí), a-hi (ahí) - to arrive [JOD-Omaha]; a-hi (ahi) - approach, arrive there [Omaha]; hi (hi) - to arrive at a place [FL-Osage]; hi (hí), a-hi (ahí) - go there (motion accomplished), come here, arrive there, be there, be in attendance, stop in, go by, come by, get (e.g., “get old”), become, begin to, start to, suddenlt start to; initial a is often omitted, regularly so with 1^st singular and second person subject [CQ-Osage]; hi (hi) - arrive, reach there [Kaw]

 

sense, have sense

► wa-di-kdaⁿ toⁿ (wadikdą ttǫ) - be wise, have sense ► wa-di-kdaⁿ aⁿ-toⁿ (wadikdą ąttǫ) - I’m, wa-di-kdaⁿ di-toⁿ (wadikdą ditto) - you’re

► cf. taⁿ (ttą), toⁿ (ttǫ) - possess, have; wa-di-knaⁿ ska (wadikdą ska) - wise, sensible; i-di-kdaⁿ (ídikdą), i-di-knaⁿ (ídikną) - think, decide, form an opinion, plan, thoughtfully, deliberately; i-di-kdaⁿ tʰaⁿ-he (ídikdą tʰą́he) - be wise; di-knaⁿ (dikną́) - try, make effort, decide

► Dhegiha: wa-thi-gthoⁿ ʰtoⁿ (wa-thí-gthoⁿ ṭoⁿ) - having plenty of sence, wits, very sensible [FL-Osage]; wa-thi-laⁿ ʰtaⁿ (waðíląʰtąą) - (be) smart, intelligent; (be) a smart person; have a good mind; learn, adjust the mind [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: wa-thi-gthoⁿ (wathigthoⁿ) - brain; mind [Omaha]; wa-thi-gthoⁿ (wa-thí-gthoⁿ) - intellect; sense; sound judgment; reverie; day dreamimg; meitate [FL-Osage]; wa-thi-laⁿ (waðílą) - think things; think about, think on, ponder, muse about (especially about things in the past or events that have already occurred); mind, brain, thought, soul, thinking [CQ-Osage]; wa-yu-laⁿ (wayúlaⁿ) - think about something, plan, judge; a plan, thoughts, ideas [Kaw]

 

senseless, knock senseless

► ka-xdi (kaxdí) - strike down, knock senseless

► ka-xdi (kaxdí) - to kill with a blow [JOD] ► a-xdi (axdi) - I, da-xdi (dáxdi) - you

► cf. ka (ka) - by striking, by action of the wind or water

► ex: aⁿ-xdi (ą́xdi) - I have been struck down, knocked senseless

► ex: aⁿ-xdi (ą́xdi) - strike me down, knock me senseless [JOD]

► ex: i-kaⁿ aⁿ-xdi hi tʰe (ikką́ ą́xdi hi tʰe) - my grandmother almost beat the life out of me [JOD]

► ex: da-xdi (dáxdi) - you kill him with a blow [JOD]

► ex: di-a-xdi (diáxdi) - you have been struck down, knocked senseless

► ex: ka-xdi (kaxdí) - he killed him with a blow [JOD]

► ex: koi-she-taⁿ u-da-ki-de ki-ha taⁿ ka-xdi (koišéttą udákide kihá tą kaxdí) - when he (haⁿ-ka’s son) finally finished telling him (rabbit), he (rabbit) struck and killed him (haⁿ-ka’s son) [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ga-xthi (gaxthi) - to assault, beaten [Omaha]; ga-xthi (gaq¢í) - to stun or kill by striking with an ax or club, to beat severely [JOD-Omaha]; ga-xthi (ga-xthí) - to kill an enemy, the killing of an enemy by a war party, the striking of an enemy by a warrior, an act which entitles him to a military honor [FL-Osage]; ga-xli (gaxlí) - slay, strike down and stun, kill by striking with an instrument such as a club or ax [Kaw]

 

sensible, wise

► wa-di-kdaⁿ ska (wadikdą ska) - wise, sensible ► wa-di-kdaⁿ aⁿ-ska (wadikdą ąská) - I’m, wa-di-kdaⁿ di-ska (wadikdą diska) - you’re, wa-di-kdaⁿ wa-ska-we (wadikdą waskawe) - we

► cf. wa-di-kdaⁿ toⁿ (wadikdą ttǫ) - be wise, have sense; i-di-kdaⁿ (ídikdą), i-di-knaⁿ (ídikną) - think, decide, form an opinion, plan, thoughtfully, deliberately; i-di-kdaⁿ tʰaⁿ-he (ídikdą tʰą́he) - be wise; di-knaⁿ (dikną́) - try, make effort, decide

► Dhegiha: wa-thi-gthoⁿ (wathigthoⁿ) - brain; mind [Omaha]; wa-thi-gthoⁿ (wa-thí-gthoⁿ) - intellect; sense; sound judgment; reverie; day dreamimg; meitate [FL-Osage]; wa-thi-laⁿ (waðílą) - think things; think about, think on, ponder, muse about (especially about things in the past or events that have already occurred); mind, brain, thought, soul, thinking [CQ-Osage]; wa-yu-laⁿ (wayúlaⁿ) - think about something, plan, judge; a plan, thoughts, ideas [Kaw]

 

sent away, causative of go

► de-de (déde) - sent away, causative of go ► de-a-de (déadé) - I, de-da-de (dédadé) - you, de-oⁿ-da-we (deǫ́dawe) - we

► ex: di-hi de-de (dihí dede) - scare off (an animal)

► ex: maⁿ de-de (mą déde) - shoot an arrow

► ex: oⁿ-de de-de (ǫ́de déde) - throw away suddenly

► ex: chʰo de-de (čʰo déde) - spit, send saliva off

► ex: de-a-de (deáde) - I sent it off or thither [JOD]

► ex: e-kaⁿ niⁿ zho-wa hi a-te-zhe zhi-ka de-a-de kaⁿ miⁿ-kʰe (éką nį žówa hí atéže žíka deáde ką́-mįkʰé) - so, I urinated a little bit, I sent a little off as I was sitting there [JOD]

► ex: iⁿ-tʰiⁿ de-a-de (į́tʰį deáde) - I threw the stick/club [JOD]

► ex: haⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ pʰi-a-ki-de i-niⁿ-haⁿ,” i-da-a-ki-he de-a-de (“hąnį́ttą pʰi-ákkidé inįhą́,” idáakihé déadé) - “how can I get myself there?” I said to him [JOD]

► ex: i-shta xi-xi-te pa-xa-taⁿ a-toⁿ-we de-a-de miⁿ-kʰe (ištá xixítte ppaγ[e]á-ttą atǫ́we deáde mįkʰé) - I was peeping out of the corner of my eyes looking at him [JOD]

► ex: de-de (déde) - to throw it off; he sent it off or thither; he threw it away or off [JOD]

► ex: wa-x’o kʰe ni-ka tʰaⁿ iⁿ-tʰiⁿ de-de i-ke (waxʔó kʰe níkka tʰą į́tʰį déde iké) - the woman told the man to throw the stick/club away/off [JOD]

► ex: iⁿ-tʰiⁿ de-de naⁿ ni-ti chʰo-kʰe hi niⁿ (į́tʰį dedé ną nítti čʰokʰé hi nį) - when he threw the stick/club in the water, it made the sound “chʰo” [JOD]

► ex: iⁿ-tʰiⁿ de-de (į́tʰį déde) - stick, club/to throw it off [JOD]

► ex: iⁿ-tʰiⁿ de-de (į́tʰį dedé) - stick, club/he threw it away or off [JOD]

► ex: “haⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ pʰi-a-ki-de i-niⁿ-haⁿ,” i-ke de-de (“hąnį́ttą pʰi-ákkidé inįhą́,” iké déde) - “how can I get myself there?” he said to him [JOD]

► ex: i-shta xi-xi-te ka-xa-taⁿ toⁿ-we de-de kaⁿ-kʰe i-ya-we (ištá xixítte kaγ[e]á-ttą tǫ́we dedé ką-kʰé iyáwe) - peeping out of the corner of the eyes in intervals/she did it/when/she looked at him/she sent it off/so she lay awhile/they say [JOD]

► ex: maⁿ kʰe de-de (mą́ kʰe déde) - arrow/the lg. ob./he sent it off [JOD]

► ex: naⁿ-zha wa-zhiⁿ-ka naⁿ maⁿ ki-di-ze kaⁿ-niⁿ i-ya-we, wa-zhiⁿ-ka t’e-de naⁿ-haⁿ ki-di-ze kaⁿ-niⁿ i-ya-we, maⁿ kʰe de-de naⁿ-haⁿ a-ki-de naⁿ ki-k’i kaⁿ-niⁿ i-ya-we (ną́ža wažį́ka ną mą kidizé ką-nį iyáwe, wažį́ka tʔéde nąhą́ kidizé ką-nį́ iyáwe, mą́ kʰe déde nąhą akidé ną kikʔí ką-nį́ iyáwe) - when he would shoot at a bird, he would get his arrow for him, when he killed a bird, he got it for him, if he shot an arrow off, he would go after it and give it back to him, he was moving around doing this for awhile, they said [JOD]

► ex: de-da-we (dédawe) - they sent it off [JOD]

► ex: aⁿ-da de-da-we (ą́da dédawe) - threw it away/they sent it off [JOD]

► ex: ki-ki-aⁿ-da de-da-we (kíkią́da dédawe) - threw away her own for him/they sent it off [JOD]

► ex: de-da (dedá) - send/throw it away or off! [JOD]

► ex: iⁿ-tʰiⁿ de-da (į́tʰį dedá) - club, stick/throw it away or off! [JOD]

► ex: e-ti ka-ki de-da (étti káki dedá) - throw it (send it) there, in that direction! [JOD]

► ex: “iⁿ-tʰiⁿ ka-ki de-da,” aⁿ-naⁿ-ki-ye (“į́tʰį káki dedá,” ąną́kiye) - “throw the club yonder!” she said to me [JOD]

► ex: “e-ti shi-naⁿ iⁿ-tʰiⁿ ka-ki de-da,” aⁿ-naⁿ-ki-ye (“étti šiną́ į́tʰį káki dedá,” ąną́kiye) - “throw the club/stick there again!” she said to me [JOD]

► Dhegiha: the-the (théthe) - to cause to go; to send off an object; used as an auxiliary verb [Omaha/Ponca]; the-the (thethé) - to go this way (in his own footprints, made previously) [Omaha/Ponca]; the-the (the the) - start; send [Omaha]; the-the (¢é¢ĕ) - send suddenly [JOD-Omaha]; the-the (thé-the) - to send; to transmit [FL-Osage]; the-the (ðéeðe) - make go, cause to go; send; mail [CQ-Osage]; ye-ye (yéye) - auxiliary verb indicating sudden movement or forceful action; far off, in the distance [Kaw]

 

sentence connective

► shaⁿ-iⁿ-te (šą́įtte) - well, so, sentence connective

► ex: “shaⁿ-iⁿ-te, iⁿ-spe i-ba-shte a-zhaⁿ-miⁿ,” i-yi (šą́įtte į́spe íbašte ážąmį́,” iyí) - “well, I think it was accidentally split by falling against an axe,” he said [JOD]

► ex: “shaⁿ-i-te, xwiⁿ niⁿ-kʰe pa-shpe naⁿ oⁿ-de, naⁿ ho-taⁿ te,” i-yi (“šą́įtte, xwį nįkʰe pášpe ną ǫde, ną hóttą tte,” iyí) - well, when the bad/offensive smelling part is cut out and thrown away, then it will be good, he said [JOD]

► ex: shaⁿ-iⁿ-te, t’e paⁿ-ze, e-shaⁿ kde xa-da (šą́įtte, tʔé ppą́ze, éšą kdé xáda) - well, I pretended to be dead, then he went back again [JOD]

 

sentence final, desiderative particle

► kaⁿ (kką) - desiderative particle, sentence final

► kaⁿ (kką) - I hope; I wish [JOD]

► ex: “e-ska, wi-zhiⁿ-ke, shi-zhi-ka o-ki-ki-e i-ye tʰi-kda-kda-pa e-koⁿ kaⁿ,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“éska, wižį́ke, šižíka okkíkkie íye tʰíkdakdá-ppa ekǫ́ kką,” iyí iyá maštį́ke) - “oh my son I hope that you become like children who begin to talk, saying words here and there, not speaking plainly or connectedly,” it is said Rabbit said [JOD]

► ex: “e-ska, wi-zhiⁿ-ke, shi-zhi-ka o-ki-ki-a-wi taⁿ i-ye da-shnaⁿ-shnaⁿ-zhi pa e-koⁿ kaⁿ,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“éska, wižį́ke, šižíka okkíkkiawi-tą íye dašną́šnąži-ppá ékǫ kką,” iyí iyá maštį́ke) - “oh my son I hope that you become like children who speak to one another very plainly without missing a word, it is said Rabbit said [JOD]

► ex: “e-ska, wi-zhiⁿ-ke, she-to maⁿ-di-taⁿ pi-oⁿ taⁿ-niⁿ tʰi-da-da naⁿ e-koⁿ kaⁿ,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“éska, wižį́ke, šétto mądíttą ppiǫ́ ttą́nį tʰidáda ną ékǫ kką,” iyí iyá maštį́ke) - “oh my son I hope that you become like a boy that knows how to pull a bow well and begins to run now and then for short distances,” it is said Rabbit said [JOD]

► ex: “e-ska, wi-zhiⁿ-ke, she-to naⁿhaⁿ maⁿ-di-taⁿ si-si hi naⁿ-we e-koⁿ kaⁿ,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“éska, wižį́ke, šétto nąhą́ mądíttą sisí hi ną-wé ékǫ kką,” iyí iyá maštį́ke) - “oh my son I hope that you become like the grown boys who pull a bow and are very active (able to run swiftly and far),” it is said Rabbit said [JOD]

► ex: “e-ska, wi-zhiⁿ-ke, iⁿ-tʰoⁿ-na maⁿ-o-zhi k’iⁿ koⁿ pa naⁿ wi-a-de pa e-koⁿ kaⁿ, i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“éska, wižį́ke, įtʰǫ́na mą́oží kʔį́ kǫ́ ppá ną wiáde ppá ékǫ kką,” iyí iyá maštį́ke) - “oh my son I hope that you become like the young unmarried men (able to take wives) whom I have seen carrying quivers on their backs,” it is said Rabbit said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: kaⁿ (káⁿ) - I hope; an optative sign, occurring at the end of a clause or sentence, as eskana does at the beginning [JOD-Omaha]; ʰkoⁿ (ḳoⁿ) - to wish or to desire [FL-Osage]

 

sentence initial, desiderative particle

► e-ska (éska) - desiderative particle, sentence initial

► e-ska (éska) - oh that [JOD]

► ex: “e-ska, wi-zhiⁿ-ke, shi-zhi-ka o-ki-ki-e i-ye tʰi-kda-kda-pa e-koⁿ kaⁿ,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“éska, wižį́ke, šižíka okkíkkie íye tʰíkdakdá-ppa ekǫ́ kką,” iyí iyá maštį́ke) - “oh my son I hope that you become like children who begin to talk, saying words here and there, not speaking plainly or connectedly,” it is said Rabbit said [JOD]

► ex: “e-ska, wi-zhiⁿ-ke, shi-zhi-ka o-ki-ki-a-wi taⁿ i-ye da-shnaⁿ-shnaⁿ-zhi pa e-koⁿ kaⁿ,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“éska, wižį́ke, šižíka okkíkkiawi-tą íye dašną́šnąži-ppá ékǫ kką,” iyí iyá maštį́ke) - “oh my son I hope that you become like children who speak to one another very plainly without missing a word, it is said Rabbit said [JOD]

► ex: “e-ska, wi-zhiⁿ-ke, she-to maⁿ-di-taⁿ pi-oⁿ taⁿ-niⁿ tʰi-da-da naⁿ e-koⁿ kaⁿ,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“éska, wižį́ke, šétto mądíttą ppiǫ́ ttą́nį tʰidáda ną ékǫ kką,” iyí iyá maštį́ke) - “oh my son I hope that you become like a boy that knows how to pull a bow well and begins to run now and then for short distances,” it is said Rabbit said [JOD]

► ex: “e-ska, wi-zhiⁿ-ke, she-to naⁿhaⁿ maⁿ-di-taⁿ si-si hi naⁿ-we e-koⁿ kaⁿ,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“éska, wižį́ke, šétto nąhą́ mądíttą sisí hi ną-wé ékǫ kką,” iyí iyá maštį́ke) - “oh my son I hope that you become like the grown boys who pull a bow and are very active (able to run swiftly and far),” it is said Rabbit said [JOD]

► ex: “e-ska, wi-zhiⁿ-ke, iⁿ-tʰoⁿ-na maⁿ-o-zhi k’iⁿ koⁿ pa naⁿ wi-a-de pa e-koⁿ kaⁿ, i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“éska, wižį́ke, įtʰǫ́na mą́oží kʔį́ kǫ́ ppá ną wiáde ppá ékǫ kką,” iyí iyá maštį́ke) - “oh my son I hope that you become like the young unmarried men (able to take wives) whom I have seen carrying quivers on their backs,” it is said Rabbit said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: e-ska-na (éskana) - I hope; would that; I wish a sign of the optative mode, occurring at the beginning of a clause, as “kaⁿ” stands at the end eskana _______ kaⁿ [JOD-Omaha]

 

separate, pull apart

► di-bda (dibdá) - pull apart, separate ► bdi-bda (bdíbda) - I, ti-bda (ttíbda) - you

► cf. a-di-bda (ádibda) - spread out one object on another, as a robe on a horse or a table cloth on a table

► Dhegiha: thi-btha (thibtha) - unfold [Omaha]; thi-btha (¢ib¢á) - spread out [JOD-Omaha]; thi-btha (thi-bthá) - to spread a robe or blanket [FL-Osage]; thi-bra (ðíbra), thu-bra (ðúbra) - spread, spread out, as a cloth [CQ-Osage]; yu-bla (yublá) - spread out or hang up to dry, corn, clothes [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: btha (btha) - open, spread; to open, to spread out; to be opened or spread out [Omaha/Ponca]; btha (b¢a) - open, spread out [JOD-Omaha]; bla (bla) - spread out, as dishes on the table [Kaw]

 

separate, sort

► di-ki-da-ha (díkkidáha) - separate, sort ► bdi-ki-da-ha (bdíkkidaha) - I, ti-ki-da-ha (ttíkkidaha) - you

► cf. ki-da-ha (kkidáha) - separated

► Dhegiha: thi-ʰki-tha-ha (thí-ḳi-tha-ha) - to separate, to pull apart; to sunder; to rend apart; to sever; to disconnect; to disjoint [FL-Osage]; yu-ki-ya-ha (yukíyaha) - pull apart things that are stuck together, take something apart [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: thi-a-kʰi-tha-ha (¢i-á-ki-¢a-há) - to separate two objects by pulling them apart [JOD-Omaha]

 

separated

► ki-da-ha (kkidáha) - separated

► cf. di-ki-da-ha (díkkidáha) - separate, sort

► ex: ki-da-ha (kkidáha) - separating [JOD]

► ex: ki-da-ha ta-bde da-we (kkidáha tábde dáwe) - they went hunting in different directions [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ʰki-tha-ha (ḳí-tha-ha) - separate, apart, moving in opposite directions, separation [FL-Osage]; ki-tha-ha (kíðaha) - be apart, separated, divorced, divided, distant, or estranged from each other; divided or separate the parts of something; separate from, divorce, or become estranged from [CQ-Osage]; ki-ya-ha (kíyaha) - apart, moving in different directions, both sides; apart, moving in different directions [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: a-ki-tha-ha (akíthaha) - apart [Omaha]; a-kʰi-tha-ha (a-kí-¢a-ha) - apart; in different or opposite directions [JOD-Omaha]

 

separated, divorced

► ki-ha (kihá) - finish, quit, divorce

► ki-ha (kihá) - quit [MS]

► cf. ki-ha oⁿ-pa (kihá ǫ́ppa) - Monday; ki-ha-zhi (kiháži) - fail to finish

► ex: a-ki-ha (akíha) - I have finished [JOD]

► ex: ki-ha-we (kiháwe) - they quit, they quit being married, divorced [MS]

► ex: koi-she-taⁿ naⁿ-zha o-do-tʰe tʰi ki-ha i-ya-we (koišéttaⁿ nąža odotʰé tʰi kihá iyáwe) - and/then/man eater/had come/already/they say [JOD]

► ex: tʰi ki-ha (tʰí kihá) - he came/he finished [JOD]

► ex: naⁿ-zha o-di-o-za hi o-do-tʰe tʰi ki-ha (ną́ža ódióza hí ódotʰe tʰí kihá) - then, in a very short time the man eater had come [JOD]

► ex: ka-ti-ti-ze ki-ha naⁿ, we-da-ba-zo ki-k’oⁿ-he (kattittíze kihá ną, wédabázo kíkʔǫhe) - when he finished clearing a spot, he placed the index finger down [JOD]

► ex: ki-ha naⁿ, o-zhi-ha o-k’oⁿ-he (kihá ną, óžiha ókʔǫhe) - when he finished, he put it (the long object) in the bag [JOD]

► ex: koi-she-taⁿ o-da-ki-de ki-ha taⁿ ka-xdi (koišéttą odákide kihá tą kaxdí) - when he (haⁿ-ka’s son) finally finished telling him (rabbit), he (rabbit) struck and killed him (haⁿ-ka’s son) [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ i-ki-pʰe ki-ha naⁿ ni-ka-shi-ka zho-hi hi tʰi-naⁿ-we (kóišǫ́ttą íkipʰe kihá ną níkkašíka žóhi hí tʰí-ną-we) - then, when he is finished inviting many people, they usually come [JOD]

► ex: ki-ha-i (kihaí) - they finished [JOD]

► ex: kda-tʰe ki-ha-i naⁿ zhaⁿ-ki-da-wi i-ya-we pa-ze de naⁿ (kdatʰé kihaí ną žąkidáwi iyáwe ppáze dé ną) - when they were finished eating (their own food), they went to sleep after dark, they say [JOD]

► ex: kda-tʰe ki-ha-i naⁿ wa-zhiⁿ-ka ki-te a-kda-zhiⁿ naⁿ (kdatʰé kihaí ną wažį́ka kkítte ákdažį́ ną) - when they finished eating (their own food), she commanded him (her relation) to go shoot some birds [JOD]

► ex: shi-naⁿ wa-naⁿ-bde ki-ha naⁿ, to k’e da-we (šiną́ waną́bde kihá ną, tó kʔe dáwe) - when they finished eating, they went to dig potatoes again [JOD]

 

septum of the nose

► pa-zhiⁿ-zhe i-koⁿ-kde (ppažį́že íkkǫkde) - septum of the nose

► ex: pa-zhiⁿ-zhe i-koⁿ-kde kʰe (ppažį́že íkkǫkde kʰe) - the septum

► Dhegiha: pa-shi-zhe (pashízhe) - nose tip, tip of the nose [Omaha/Ponca]; pa-shi-zhe (pashizhe) - tip of the nose [Omaha]; ʰpa-zhu-zhe (p̣a-zhú-zhe) - the tip of the nose; the bill of a swan and other birds [FL-Osage]; pa-zho-zhe (pázhozhe), pa-zhu-zhe (pazhúzhe) - nostrils [Kaw]

 

series, last of a party or series

► a-shi-oⁿ-he (ášiǫhe) - last of a party or series

► cf. a-shi-ta (ašítta) - behind; at or to the back or rear

► ex: a-shi-aⁿ-he (ášią́he) - behind, or after him; afterward [JOD]

► ex: e haⁿ-te a-shi-aⁿ-he ni-she (e hą́tte ášią́he nišĕ) - why are you following behind? [JOD]

► ex: wa-zhiⁿ-ka wa-da-ki-te naⁿ maⁿ wi-bdi-ze a-maⁿ-bdiⁿ te a-shi-aⁿ-he a-ni-he (wažį́ka wadákkitté ną́ mą́ wibdíze amą́bdį tte ášią́he anihé) - when you shoot the birds, I’ll walk behind you getting the arrows for you [JOD]

► ex: shi-naⁿ wa-zhiⁿ-ka t’e-da-de naⁿ-haⁿ wi-bdi-ze a-maⁿ-bdiⁿ te a-shi-aⁿ-he (šiną́ wažį́ka tʔédade nąhą́ wibdíze amą́bdį tte ášią́he) - if you kill a bird again, I’ll walk behind and get it for you [JOD]

► ex: ma-shtiⁿ-ke niⁿ a-shi-aⁿ-he niⁿ i-ya-we, haⁿ-ka e-zhiⁿ-ke wa-zhiⁿ-ke ki-te niⁿ taⁿ a-shi-aⁿ-he i-ya-we ma-shtiⁿ-ke (maštį́ke nį ášią́he nį iyáwe, hą́ka ežį́ke wažį́ka kkítte nį tą́ ášią́he iyáwe maštį́ke) - the rabbit followed along behind, they say, when Haⁿ-ka’s son was shooting birds, rabbit followed along behind him, they say [JOD]

► ex: wa-haⁿ-niⁿ-ke tʰaⁿ a-shi-aⁿ-he de (wahą́nįké tʰą ášiąhé dé) - the orphan went afterward (behind them, after them) [JOD]

► ex: a-shi-oⁿ-he o-ki-si-kde (ášiǫhé ókisikdé) - walk in the trail of another (made long ago)

► ex: a-shi-oⁿ-he hi tʰaⁿ tʰi-da-taⁿ t’e-de (ášiǫhe hí tʰą tʰidáttą tʔéde) - the last of the (hunting) party came, passed and killed it (the buffalo)

► ex: zhi-ka a-shi-oⁿ-he (žiká ášiǫhé) - young/last one [JOD]

► ex: e-shoⁿ zhi-ka a-shi-oⁿ-he niⁿ-kʰe ma-shtiⁿ-ke da-x’e-de hi naⁿ, i-ya (ešǫ́ žiká ášiǫhé nįkʰé maštį́ke daxʔéde hí ną, iyá) - and the youngest one was very kind to Rabbit, it is said [JOD]

► ex: e-shoⁿ zhi-ka a-shi-oⁿ-he niⁿ-kʰe (ešǫ́ žíka ášiǫhe nįkʰe) - then the youngest one: [JOD]

► ex: zhi-ka a-shi-oⁿ-he niⁿ-kʰe (žiká ášiǫhé nįkʰé) - the last of the young ones; the youngest one

► ex: a-shi-oⁿ-he-taⁿ (ášiǫhéttą) - later, afterward

► ex: di-taⁿ-niⁿ e-ti da a-shi-oⁿ-he-taⁿ she-ta pi te (díttąnį étti dá ášiǫhéttą šétta ppi tte) - you go there first, and I will join you later on

► ex: a-shi-oⁿ-he-taⁿ she-taⁿ oⁿ-ka-hi taⁿ-ka-tʰaⁿ (ášiǫhéttą šétta ǫkáhi ttąkatʰą́ [tta ǫkatʰą́]) - later on, we will reach there (where you are)

► Dhegiha: ha-shi (háci) - last, after [JOD-Omaha]; ha-shi (hashi) - last [Omaha]; ha-shi (há-shi) - end, the last, omega [FL-Osage]; ha-shi (haaší) - last, in the back of, behind [CQ-Osage]; ha-shi (háshi) - last, tail end [Kaw]

 

series, round topped hills in series

► a-ni shta-shta-ha (áni štaštáha) - round topped hills in series

► cf. a-ni (áni) - hill; shta-ha (štáha) - smooth, rounded; a-ni shta-ha (áni štáha) - hill with round top

► Dhegiha: a-thiⁿ (áthiⁿ) - hillside, ridge [Omaha]; a-thiⁿ (á¢iⁿ) - ridge [JOD-Omaha]; a-thiⁿ (á-thiⁿ) - a ridge or divide [FL-Osage]; a-yiⁿ (áyiⁿ) - ridge, divide [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: zhna-ha (zhnahá) - smooth, slippery [Omaha/Ponca]; shna-ha (shnáha) - slippery, smooth [Omaha]; shta-ha (shtá-ha) - slick, smooth [FL-Osage]; shta-ha (štáha), shta (štá) - shiny and smooth as a lake surface, slick, bald, hairless, cleared [CQ-Osage]; shta-ha (shtahá), (shtáha) - smooth, slippery, slick [Kaw]

 

series, several in a row or series

► o-ki-ba-taⁿ-taⁿ (okkíbattą́ttą) - one after another, several in a row or series [JOD]

► cf. o-ki-ba-taⁿ (okkíbattą) - together; o-ki-ba-taⁿ kniⁿ (okkíbattą knį) - to sit on together; a-ba-taⁿ (ábattą) - push together, as firebrands when the ends next to the fire are burned; o-ba-tʰaⁿ (obátʰą) - next

► ex: i-ka-she-knaⁿ o-ki-ba-taⁿ-taⁿ (íkašekną́ okkíbattą́ttą) - breastpins/buttons one after another/several in a row [JOD]

► ex: e-ti maⁿ-ze-ska a-kaⁿ-ta i-niⁿ-ha wa-di-ski-ta maⁿ-ze shto-zha o-ki-ba-taⁿ e-ti-zhi pa naⁿ (ettí mązéska ákątta inįhá wádiskittá mązé štóža okkíbattą ettíži ppa ną) - sliver armlets and silver crescent bracelets, they put them on in rows, one after another [JOD]

► Dhegiha: u-kʰi-a-wa-tʰoⁿ-tʰoⁿ (ukʰiáwatʰoⁿtʰóⁿ) - one after another; in succession; in an extended line or series [Omaha/Ponca]; u-ʰki-a ’toⁿ-toⁿ (u-ḳi-á ’toⁿ-toⁿ) - a series, consecutive, one following the other [FL-Osage]

 

serpent, snake

► we-s’a (wésʔa) - snake

► we-s’a (wésʔa) - snake [MS]

► we-s’a (wé˙sʔa) - snake [FS]

► we-s’a (wés’a) - snake [ASG]

► ex: we-s’a o-do-hi kʰe (wésʔa odóhi kʰe) - she changed into a serpent [JOD]

► Dhegiha: we-s’a (wés’a) - snake, serpent [Omaha/Ponca]; we-s’a (wéç’a) - snake, serpent [Omaha]; we-s’a (wĕ́-s’ă) - a serpent, a snake [JOD-Omaha]; we-ʰts’a (wé-ṭs’a) - reptile, snake [FL-Osage]; we-ts’a (wécʔa) - snake, serpent, viper [CQ-Osage]; we-ts’a (wéts’a) - snake [Kaw]

 

set an object on top of something else

► a-shi a-kde (aši akde) - to set an object on top of something else

► cf. a-shi (áši) - over, on top of, on; a-kde (akdé) - put or set a standing or perpendicular object upright upon a surface or within something which supports it, as in pitching a tent, placing a candle on a table, etc.

► Dhegiha: a-gthe (á-g¢e) - place upright on [JOD-Omaha]; a-gthe (á-gthe) - to place on top of another in an upright position [FL-Osage]; a-le (ále), a-dle (ádle) - place an item upright on another item, set on [CQ-Osage]; a-le (ále) - stand a perpendicular object, such as a candlestick, on a surface [Kaw]

 

set one’s own object on a surface

► a-ki-knaⁿ (ákikną) - set one’s own sitting, inanimate or cloth object on a surface ► a-a-ki-knaⁿ (áakikną) - I, a-da-ki-knaⁿ (ádakikną) - you, oⁿ-ka-ki-kna-we (ǫ́kakiknáwe) - we

► cf. a (á) - on or upon; ki-knaⁿ (kikną́) - set or put one’s own; a-knaⁿ (ákną), a-kdaⁿ (ákdą) - put upon a surface; knaⁿ (kną), kdaⁿ (kdą) - set or put; a-ki-knaⁿ i-naⁿ-de (ákkikną iną́de) - put two sitting (curvilinear) objects so their edges touch; o-ki-knaⁿ (okíkną) - put sg/si/in into or beneath, as putting in the belt, etc; o-knaⁿ (okną́), o-kdaⁿ (okdą́) - put into; pi knaⁿ (ppi kną́) - put away; stode knaⁿ-knaⁿ (stodé knąkną) - place plural objects in scattered heaps

► ex: pa-hi o-knaⁿ a-wa-naⁿ-bde a-shi a-a-ki-knaⁿ te (ppáhi-ókną áwanąbde áši áakikną tte) - I will put my hat on the table

► ex: pa-hi o-knaⁿ a-wa-naⁿ-bde a-shi a-a-ki-knaⁿ ta miⁿ-kʰe (ppáhi-ókną áwanąbde áši áakikną tta mįkʰé) - I will put my hat on the table

► ex: pa-hi o-knaⁿ a-wa-naⁿ-bde a-shi a-ki-knaⁿ tʰaⁿ (ppáhi-ókną áwanąbde áši ákikną tʰą) - he is putting his hat on the table

► Dhegiha: a-gi-gthaⁿ (á-gi-g¢aⁿ) - to place his own cv. ob., book, paper, piece of calico, etc., on something else; to apply his medicine externally, as a plaster or poultice [JOD-Omaha]; a-gu-laⁿ (águlaⁿ) - set one’s object upon; set one’s cloth, paper, book, etc., on a surface; set a squat object on a surface for someone [Kaw]

 

set or put one’s own

► ki-knaⁿ (kikną́) - set or put one’s own

► cf. a-ki-knaⁿ (ákikną) - set one’s own sitting, inanimate or cloth object on a surface; ki-ki-knaⁿ (kíkikną́) - she put down her own for him; she put down it, her own, for him [JOD]; knaⁿ (kną) - set, put; a-knaⁿ (ákną), a-kdaⁿ (ákdą) - put, put a singular, sitting, inanimate (curvilinear--JOD) or cloth, paper, plaster, etc. object upon a surface; o-knaⁿ (okną́) - put sg/si or cloth, paper into; o-knaⁿ (okną́), o-kdaⁿ (okdą́) - put into; a-ki-knaⁿ i-naⁿ-de (ákkikną iną́de) - put two sitting (curvilinear) objects so their edges touch; o-ki-knaⁿ (okíkną) - put sg/si/in into or beneath, as putting in the belt, etc.

► ex: na-xnaⁿ ki-knaⁿ (naxną́ kikną́) - hide one’s own singular/sitting/inanimate or cloth object

► ex: wi-ti-kaⁿ na-xnaⁿ ki-knaⁿ, i-ke (wittiką naxną́ kíkną́, iké) - my grandfather hide me (your relation), she said to him [JOD]

► ex: na-xnaⁿ da-ki-knaⁿ koⁿ-bda wi-ti-kaⁿ, i-ke (naxną́ dakikną kkǫbdá wittiką́, iké) - my grandfather, I want you to hide me (your relation), she said to him [JOD]

► Dhegiha: a-gi-gthaⁿ (á-gi-g¢aⁿ) - to place his own cv. ob., book, paper, piece of calico, etc., on something else; to apply his medicine externally, as a plaster or poultice [JOD-Omaha]; a-gu-laⁿ (águlaⁿ) - set one’s object upon; set one’s cloth, paper, book, etc., on a surface; set a squat object on a surface for someone [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: a-gthoⁿ (ágthoⁿ) - to place one thing upon another [FL-Osage]; a-laⁿ (álą) - place vertically against, place on, put on [CQ-Osage]; a-laⁿ (álaⁿ) - put curved or rounded/sitting, or cloth, or paper on [Kaw]

 

set up a movable object so that it leans against something

► a-kʰaⁿ i-tʰe-de (ákʰą itʰéde) - set up a movable object so that it leans against something ► a-kʰaⁿ i-tʰe-da-de (ákʰą itʰédade) - you

► cf. a-kʰaⁿ (ákʰą) - leaning against, lean on; i-tʰe-de (itʰéde) - stand something up, sg/st/in; a-di-kʰaⁿ i-tʰe-de (ádikʰą itʰéde) - pull over a sg/st/in object; make an upright object lean by pulling it; a-kʰaⁿ i-he-de (ákʰą ihéde) - turn and tip up as a board; a-kʰaⁿ hi-zhoⁿ (ákʰą hížǫ) - lean on someone and cause him/her to fall

► Dhegiha: a-kʰaⁿ i-tʰe-the (akaⁿ ité¢e) - to place, a stick, etc., against any object [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: a-kʰaⁿ (á-kaⁿ) - leaing against [JOD-Omaha]; a-ʰkoⁿ (á-ḳoⁿ) - to lean on a post, tree, or rock [FL-Osage]; a-kxaⁿ (áakxą) - lean up against; lie against; lie down, as to sleep or rest [CQ-Osage]; a-khaⁿ (ákhaⁿ) - lean on something [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: i-tʰe-the (itʰéthe) - to put or place, make stand: usually applied to objects standing on end, as barrels; to put many small things in one pile or heap [Omaha/Ponca]; i-tse-the (i-tsé-the) - to place with someone for safe keeping; to place away [FL-Osage]; i-che-ye (ichéye) - put down a standing/inanimate object or pile of objects [Kaw]

 

set up in a row

            ► o-ki-kde-kde (ókikdékde) - set up in a row [JOD]

► cf. a-ki-kde-kde (ákkikdekde) - one after another in quick succession, e.g. shots, events; a-ki-kde-kde (ákkikdekde) - indirectly, not even second hand; a-ki-kde-kde ki-te (ákkikdekde kkítte) - to shoot at in quick succession; fire a volley; ti-kde-kde (ttíkdekde kʰe) - line of standing lodges

► ex: pe-zhe-xta zhaⁿ-a-be-tʰaⁿ o-zhi o-ki-kde-kde (ppežéxta žą́abetʰą́ oží ókikdékde) - flour/barrel/filled/set up in a row [JOD]

► Dhegiha: gthe-boⁿ kʰi-gthe (gthéboⁿ kʰígthe) - ten times in succession, ten times in a row [Omaha/Ponca]; shoⁿ-koⁿ kʰi-gthe (shóⁿkoⁿ kʰígthe) - nine times in a row [Omaha/Ponca]; e-shoⁿ ki-gthe (eshoⁿ kigthe) - close together [Omaha]; u-ʰki-gthe (u-ḳí-gthe) - to splice two ropes together [FL-Osage]; a-ʰki-ʰki-gthe (á-ḳi-ḳi-gthe) - to join two boards or poles [FL-Osage]

 

set, put

► knaⁿ (kną) - set, put sitting/inanimate ► a-knaⁿ (akną) - I, da-knaⁿ (dakną) - you, oⁿ-knaⁿ-we (ǫknąwe) - we

► cf. o-knaⁿ (okną́), o-kdaⁿ (ókdą) - put sg/si or cloth, paper into, put inside; ki-knaⁿ (kikną́) - put or set one’s own; ki-ki-knaⁿ (kíkikną́) - to put down one’s own for someone [JOD]; a-knaⁿ (ákną), a-kdaⁿ (ákdą) - put a singular, sitting, inanimate (curvilinear--JOD) or cloth, paper, plaster, etc. object upon a surface; a-ki-knaⁿ (ákikną) - set one’s own sitting, inanimate or cloth object on a surface; pi-knaⁿ (ppi kną́) - put away; o-ki-knaⁿ (okkíkną) - undertake something

► Dhegiha: a-gthoⁿ (ágthoⁿ) - to place one thing upon another [FL-Osage]; a-laⁿ (álą) - place vertically against, place on, put on [CQ-Osage]; a-laⁿ (álaⁿ) - put curved or rounded/sitting, or cloth, or paper on [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: u-gthaⁿ (ug¢áⁿ) - put in [JOD-Omaha]; u-gthoⁿ (u-gthoⁿ) - to put in, putting in, a place of deposit, to inclose, in which to put, to thrust in, to put a stake in a pile when gambling [FL-Osage]; o-laⁿ (oolą́) - put into, place inside of, pour round items into, add items to cooking, pour liquid into [CQ-Osage]; o-laⁿ (oláⁿ) - put a sitting/inanimate object into something, to put a curvilinear (wide rather than tall) object such as paper, a book, a bandage, cloth, etc. within a receptacle [Kaw]

 

set, to set up housekeeping

► ti-kde (ttikdé) - to set up housekeeping; to live together in same tent; village, collection of lodges

► ex: i-shta-xe sh’a-ke e-ka-xnaⁿ niⁿ-kʰe e-naⁿ-pa ti-kda-wi (ištáxe šʔáke ekáxną nįkʰé enąp͓á ttíkdawí) - the frenchman and his wife, the both of them kept house [JOD)]

► ex: mi-ka ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-naⁿ-pa ti-kde ni-kʰa (mikká maštį́ke enąpa ttíkde nikʰá) - raccoon and rabbit both lived together [JOD]

► ex: ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-kaⁿ naⁿ-pa ti-kde ni-kʰa naⁿ i-ya (maštį́ke eką́ ną́pa ttikdé nikʰa ną iyá) - rabbit and his grandmother, the both of them lived together, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: wa-x’o to-wa ti-kde ni-kʰa naⁿ (waxʔó tówa ttíkde nikʰá ną) - four women were dwelling in a lodge [JOD]

► ex: wa-x’o to-wa ti-kde ha-ki i-da-we, i-he (waxʔó tówa ttíkde hakí idáwe, ihé) - where have the four women that live together gone too, I say [JOD]

► ex: ti-kda-wi (ttíkdawi) - they dwelt in a lodge [JOD]

► ex: ti-kde ta bde (ttikdé tta bdé) - I’m going to my house [OM]

► ex: wa-sa ka-hi-ka niⁿ-kʰe a-ni koi-hi-de niⁿ-kʰe-ti ti-kde niⁿ-kʰe (wasá kahíke nįkʰé áni kóihidé-nįkʰétti ttíkde nįkʰé) - the black bear chief dwells in a lodge beyond yonder distant bluff [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ti-gthe (tígthe) - to live/dwell in a lodge [Omaha/Ponca]; ti-gthe (t͓í-g¢ĕ) - to dwell in a lodge [JOD-Omaha]; ti-gthe (tigthe) - home [Omaha]; ʰtsi-gthe (ṭsí-gthe) - to reside, to dwell, to set up and keep house [FL-Osage]; ʰtsi-le (ʰcíle) - live, reside, make a home, set up a household, set up housekeeping, house, home, family [CQ-Osage]

 

seven

► pe-naⁿ-pa (ppénąpa) - seven

► pe-naⁿ-pa (ppénąpa) - seven [MS, MR, FR, AB, OM]

► pe-noⁿ-pa (pennopah) - seven [GI]

► pʰe-noⁿ-ba (p'énǫBa) - seven [FS]

► pe-naⁿ-pa (pénaba, pȁnaba) - seven [ASG]

► Dhegiha: pe-thoⁿ-ba (péthoⁿba) - seven [Omaha/Ponca]; pe-thoⁿ-ba (pethoⁿba) - seven [Omaha]; ʰpe-thoⁿ-ba (pé-thoⁿ-ba) - seven [FL-Osage]; ʰpe-thoⁿ-pa (ʰpéeðǫǫpa), ʰpe-oⁿ-pa (ʰpéeǫpa) - seven [CQ-Osage]; pe-yoⁿ-ba (péyoⁿba) - seven [Kaw]

 

seven apiece, by sevens

► pe-naⁿ-pa naⁿ-naⁿ (ppénąpánąną́) - seven apiece, by sevens

► cf. na-na (-naná), naⁿ-naⁿ (-ną́ną) - distributive of numerals

► Dhegiha: pe-thoⁿ-ba thoⁿ-thoⁿ (péthoⁿbathóⁿthoⁿ) - seven to each (person); by sevens [Omaha/Ponca]; pe-yoⁿ-ba yaⁿ-ye (péyoⁿba yáⁿye) - seven apiece, seven each, distributive [Kaw]

 

seventeen

► pe-naⁿ-pa a-kniⁿ (ppénąpa áknį) - seventeen

► Dhegiha: a-gthiⁿ pe-thoⁿ-ba (agthíⁿpethóⁿba) - seventeen [Omaha/Ponca]; a-gthiⁿ ʰpe-thoⁿ-ba (a-gthíⁿ pe-thoⁿ-ba) - seventeen [FL-Osage]; a-liⁿ ʰpe-oⁿ-pa (álįį ʰpéǫǫpa), le-braⁿ a-liⁿ ʰpe-oⁿ-pa (lébrą álįį ʰpéǫǫpa) - seventeen, seventeenth [CQ-Osage]; a-li pe-yoⁿ-ba (àlipéyoⁿba) - seventeen [Kaw]

 

seventeen apiece, seventeen at a time

► pe-naⁿpa a-kniⁿ naⁿ-naⁿ (ppénąpáaknį́nąną́) - seventeen apiece, seventeen at a time

► cf. na-na (-naná), naⁿ-naⁿ (-ną́ną) - distributive of numerals

► Dhegiha: a-gthiⁿ pe-thoⁿ-ba thoⁿ-thoⁿ (agthíⁿpethoⁿbathóⁿthoⁿ) - seventeen to each person [Omaha/Ponca]

 

seventh

► i-pe-naⁿ-pa (íppeną́pa) - seventh

► cf. i (í) - ordinal numeral marker, i (í) + numeral stem; pe-naⁿ-pa (ppénąpa) - seven

► Dhegiha: we-pe-thoⁿ-ba (wépethóⁿba) - the seventh (one) [Omaha/Ponca]; we-pe-thoⁿ-ba (wépethoⁿba) - seventh [Omaha]; we-ʰpe-thoⁿ-ba (wé-pe-thoⁿ-ba) - the seventh, “with seven” [FL-Osage]; we-pe-yoⁿ-ba (wépeyoⁿba) - seventh [Kaw]

 

seventy

► kde-bdaⁿ pe-naⁿ-pa (kdébdą ppénąpa) - seventy [MS]

► cf. kde-bnaⁿ (kdébną), kde-bdaⁿ (kdebdą) - ten; pe-naⁿ-pa (ppénąpa) - seven

► Dhegiha: gthe-ba pe-thoⁿ-ba (gthéba péthoⁿba) - seventy [Omaha/Ponca]; gthe-bthoⁿ ʰpe-thoⁿ-ba (gthé-bthoⁿ pe-thoⁿ-ba) - seventy, “ten sevens” [FL-Osage]; le-braⁿ ʰpe-thoⁿ-pa (lébrą ʰpéðǫǫpa) - seventy, seventieth [CQ-Osage]; le-blaⁿ pe-yoⁿ-ba (léblaⁿ péyoⁿba) - seventy [Kaw]

 

seventy-five cents

► de-ska-de sha-pe (déskade šappé) - seventy-five cents [FR, OM]

► cf. de-ska-de (déskade) - bit, 12 and a half cents; sha-pe (šappé) - six

 

several in a row or series

► o-ki-ba-taⁿ-taⁿ (okkíbattą́ttą) - one after another, several in a row or series [JOD]

► cf. o-ki-ba-taⁿ (okkíbattą) - together; o-ki-ba-taⁿ kniⁿ (okkíbattą knį) - to sit on together; a-ba-taⁿ (ábattą) - push together, as firebrands when the ends next to the fire are burned; o-ba-tʰaⁿ (obátʰą) - next

► ex: i-ka-she-knaⁿ o-ki-ba-taⁿ-taⁿ (íkašekną́ okkíbattą́ttą) - breastpins/buttons one after another/several in a row [JOD]

► ex: e-ti maⁿ-ze-ska a-kaⁿ-ta i-niⁿ-ha wa-di-ski-ta maⁿ-ze shto-zha o-ki-ba-taⁿ e-ti-zhi pa naⁿ (ettí mązéska ákątta inįhá wádiskittá mązé štóža okkíbattą ettíži ppa ną) - sliver armlets and silver crescent bracelets, they put them on in rows, one after another [JOD]

► Dhegiha: u-kʰi-a-wa-tʰoⁿ-tʰoⁿ (ukʰiáwatʰoⁿtʰóⁿ) - one after another; in succession; in an extended line or series [Omaha/Ponca]; u-ʰki-a ’toⁿ-toⁿ (u-ḳi-á ’toⁿ-toⁿ) - a series, consecutive, one following the other [FL-Osage]

 

severe fever

► zho-ka-te a-ta-ha (žókkatte áttaha) - to have a severe fever

► cf. zho (žo) - flesh, meat; ka-te (kkátte) - hot, to be hot; a-ta-ha (áttaha) - too, exceedingly, much

► ex: zho-ka-te a-ta-ha (žókkatte áttaha) - body hot (=fever)/exceedingly [JOD]

► ex: e-ti-tʰaⁿ ta-bde kaⁿ-tʰaⁿ naⁿ ni-ka wi-ta, pa-ze de taⁿ kdi kaⁿ-tʰaⁿ naⁿ, e-ti-tʰaⁿ ti-a-zhi hi ha-t’e zho-ka-te a-ta-ha (ettítʰą tábde ką-tʰą́ ną níkka wittá, ppáze dé tą kdí ką-tʰą́ ną, ettítʰą ttiąži hí hatʔé žókkatte attahá) - then my husband had been hunting, he returned after dark, then shortly after that he became sick with a severe fever [JOD]

 

sew

► ba-tʰe (batʰé) - sew ► pa-tʰe (ppátʰe) - I, shpa-tʰe (špátʰe) - you

► cf. a-ba-tʰe (ábatʰe) - to sew on; a-ki-pa-tʰe (ákkipatʰé) - sew two things together, sew across; ki-pa-tʰe (kippátʰe) - sew one’s own [JOD]; o-ki-pa-tʰe (okkíppatʰe) - sewed together; wa-ba-tʰe o-zhi-ha (wabátʰé óžiha) - sewing bag

► Dhegiha: ba-tʰe (batʰé) - sew [Omaha/Ponca]; ba-tse (ba-tsé) - to sew; sew with a needle [FL-Osage]; pa-tsʰe (paacʰé) - sew [CQ-Osage]; ba-che (baché) - sew [Kaw]

 

sew on

► a-ba-tʰe (ábatʰe) - to sew on ► a-pa-tʰe (áppatʰe) - I, a-shpa-tʰe (ášpatʰe) - you

► cf. a (a) - on, upon; ba-tʰe (batʰé) - sew

► ex: wa-naⁿ-’iⁿ a-ba-tʰe (waną́ʔį abátʰe) - necklace made of beadwork that is sewed on

► Dhegiha: a-ba-tʰe (ábatʰe) - to sew on [Omaha/Ponca]; a-ba-tʰe (á-ba-tĕ) - to sew on [JOD-Omaha]; a-ba-che (ábache) - sew something on [Kaw]

 

sew one’s own

► ki-pa-tʰe (kippátʰe) - sew one’s own [JOD]

► ex: ki-pa-tʰe (kippátʰe) - sewing their own [JOD]

► ex: mi-zhi-ka e-zhi ke naⁿ wa-hiⁿ-ska ho-taⁿ hi ki-pa-tʰe koⁿ-de tʰe niⁿ naⁿ (mižíka éži ke-ną wahį́ska hóttą hí kippátʰe kǫdé tʰe nį́ ną) - girl/other/the plural/only/calico/good/very/sewing their own/they were all sitting/the (class.)/past sign [JOD]

 

sew two things together, sew across

► a-ki-pa-tʰe (ákkipatʰé) - sew two things together, sew across ► a-a-ki-pa-tʰe (áakkíppatʰe) - I, a-da-ki-shpa-tʰe (ádakkíšpatʰe) - you, oⁿ-ka-ki-pa-tʰa-we (ǫkákkipatʰawe) - we

► Dhegiha: a-ki-pa-tʰe (á-ki-pá-tĕ) - to sew across; to sew two things together [JOD-Omaha]

 

sewed together

► o-ki-pa-tʰe (okkíppatʰe) - sewed together

► ex: o-ki-pa-tʰe (okkíppatʰe) - sewed together

► ex: e-shoⁿ wa-zhiⁿ-ka ha o-ki-pa-tʰe zho-i-ka bdo-ka hi we-niⁿ-tʰaⁿ naⁿ i-ya (ešǫ́ wažį́ka ha okkíppatʰe žoíka bdóka hi wénįtʰą́ ną iyá) - and then he clothed his entire body, sewing bird skins together, it is said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: u-ki-pa-te (u-kí-p͓a-tĕ) - to sew together [JOD-Omaha]

 

sewing bag

► wa-ba-tʰe o-zhi-ha (wabátʰé óžiha) - sewing bag [JOD]

► cf. wa-ba-tʰe (wabátʰé) - to sew things; o-zhi-ha (óžiha) - sack, bag, pocket, pouch

► ex: wa-x’o zhi-ka niⁿ-kʰe wa-ba-tʰe o-zhi-ha niⁿ-kʰe kdi-ze naⁿ ma-shtiⁿ-ke o-ki-te de, i-ya (waxʔóžiká nįkʰe wabátʰe óžiha nįkʰe kdíze ną maštį́ke okítte dé, iyá) - the old woman took her sewing bag and went to look for rabbit, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: ki-ba-hi a-taⁿ wa-ba-tʰe o-zhi-ha niⁿ-kʰe o-ki-zhi maⁿ-niⁿ niⁿ, i-ya (kibáhi-attą́ wabátʰe óžiha nįkʰé okíži mą́nį nį́, iyá) - she walked around picking up the pieces, filling her sewing bag, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: wa-x’o zhi-ka niⁿ wa-ba-tʰe o-zhi-ha niⁿ-kʰe ki-k’iⁿ kde, i-ya (waxʔóžiká nį wabátʰe óžiha nįkʰe kikʔį́ kdé, iyá) - the old woman carried her sewing bag upon her back and went homeward, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► Dhegiha: wa-ba-tʰe (wabate) - sew; stitch; tailor [Omaha]; wa-ba-tse (wa-bá-tse) - one who sews; to sew [FL-Osage]; wa-pa-tsʰe (wapáacʰe) - sew, sew things together [CQ-Osage]; wa-ba-che (wabáche) - sew, sewing [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: u-zhi-ha (úzhiha) - bag, sack [Omaha/Ponca]; u-zhi-ha (úzhi ha) - bag, gunny sack, burlap bag [Omaha]; u-zhi-ha (újiha) - bag, pouch, sack [JOD-Omaha]; u-zhu-ha (ú-zhu-ha), o-zho-ha (ó-zho-ha) - a sack or bag [FL-Osage]; o-zhu-ha (óožuhaa) - bag, sack, pouch made of hide or leather, literally, skin into which to put stuff [CQ-Osage]; o-zhu-ha (ozhuha) - pouch [Kaw]

 

sex, intercourse, coire, coiit, copulate

► chʰi (čʰi), tshi (tší) - coire, coiit, copulate, sex, intercourse ► a-chʰi (ačʰí) - I, da-chʰi (dačʰí) - you, aⁿ-chʰi-we (ąčʰíwe) - we

► ex: wi-chʰi (wíchʰi) - I with you

► ex: aⁿ-da-chʰi (ądáchʰi) - you with me

► ex: di-chʰi (dičʰí) - you being

► Dhegiha: chʰi (chʰi) - copulate, sex, intercourse [Omaha/Ponca]; tshi (tci) - to copulate, to have sexual intercourse with a female [JOD-Omaha]; tsʰu (cʰú), tsʰu-e (cʰúe) - copulate with, have intercourse with, screw [CQ-Osage]; wa-tsʰu (wacʰú), wa-tsʰu-e (wacʰúe) - copulate, have intercourse, have sex [CQ-Osage]; chu (chu) - copulate, have intercourse with a female [Kaw]

 

shaft, groove in an arrow shaft

► maⁿ di-kde-ze (mą díkdeze) - groove in an arrow shaft

► cf. maⁿ (mą) - arrow; di (di) - by hand, pulling; cause by using the hands; kde-ze (kdezé) - striped

► Dhegiha: moⁿ thu-gthe-ze (móⁿ-thu-gthe-çe) - the grooves made in an arrow shaft [FL-Osage]; maⁿ yu-le-ze (máⁿ yuléze) - groove in an arrow shaft, screw of any sort [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: u-thi-gthe-ze (uthígtheze) - screw [Omaha/Ponca]; u-thi-gthe-ze (uthígtheçe) - screw [Omaha]

► Dhegiha: thi-gthe-ze (thi-gthé-çe) - to draw stripes [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: gthe-ze (gthéze) - striped [Omaha/Ponca]; gthe-ze (gtheze) - striped [Omaha]; gthe-ze (gthe-çé) - striped [FL-Osage]; le-ze (léze) - striped, lined, having lines [CQ-Osage]; le-ze (lezé) - striped [Kaw]

 

shafted, red shafted flicker

► zaⁿ-zi-ka (zą́zikka) - red shafted flicker; yellow winged woodpecker

► Dhegiha: zoⁿ-zi-ga (zóⁿziga) - red-shafted flicker, woodpecker [Omaha/Ponca]; zoⁿ-zi-ga (çóⁿ-çi-ga) - the flicker, yellow hammer, belongs to the woodpecker family [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: thoⁿ-zi-ga (thoⁿ’çiga) - flicker bird [Omaha]; zi-zi-ga taⁿ-ga (zíziga tàⁿga) - the flicker [Kaw]

 

shake

► zhoⁿ-zhoⁿ (žǫ́žǫ) - shake

► ex: i-di-zhoⁿ-zhoⁿ (ídižǫ́žǫ) - shake, as a person or tree

► ex: ka-zhoⁿ-zhoⁿ (ppahí kažǫ́žǫ) - to shake, to shake out [MS]

► ex: pa-hi ka-zhoⁿ-zhoⁿ niⁿ-kʰe (ppahí kažǫ́žǫ nįkʰé) - he’s (dog) shaking his head, he’s (dog) shaking the fleas [MS]

► ex: naⁿ-pe o-di-zhoⁿ-zhoⁿ (nąpe ódižožo) - to shake hands

► ex: naⁿ-pe o-di-zhoⁿ-zhoⁿ, ha-we (nąpé ódižǫ́žǫ, hawé) - hello, shake hands [MS]

► ex: naⁿ-pe o-di-zhoⁿ-zhoⁿ-wi-a-we (nąpé ódižǫ́žǫwiáwe) - they said, they shook hands [MS]

 

shake out

► ka-zhoⁿ-zhoⁿ (ppahí kažǫ́žǫ) - to shake, to shake out [MS]

► cf. ka (ka) - by striking, by action of the wind or water; zhoⁿ-zhoⁿ (žǫ́žǫ) - shake

► ex: pa-hi ka-zhoⁿ-zhoⁿ niⁿ-kʰe (ppahí kažǫ́žǫ nįkʰé) - he’s (dog) shaking his head, he’s (dog) shaking the fleas [MS]

► Dhegiha: ga-zhoⁿ-zhoⁿ (gazhóⁿzhoⁿ) - to shake, as a blanket, to get the dust out of it; to shake out, as a carpet, blanket, or handkerchief; to make tremble, as a tree or house, by blowing on (said of the wind) [Omaha/Ponca]

 

shake something

► di-hoⁿ-hoⁿ (dihǫ́hǫ) - shake something ► bdi-hoⁿ-hoⁿ (bdíhǫhǫ) - I, ti-hoⁿ-hoⁿ (ttíhǫhǫ) - you

► Dhegiha: pa thi-hoⁿ-hoⁿ (pa thihóⁿhoⁿ) - to elevate the head often, as in searching for game [Omaha/Ponca]; gthi-hoⁿ-hoⁿ (gthíhoⁿhoⁿ) - to raise his own (club) often to brandish his own (club, etc.) [Omaha/Ponca]

► Dhegiha: thi-hoⁿ (thihóⁿ) - to lift an object by pulling; to weigh [Omaha/Ponca]; thi-hoⁿ (thi hoⁿ) - lift, raise [Omaha]; thi-hoⁿ (thihóⁿ) - to lift [FL-Osage]; thi-haⁿ (ðiihą́), thi-ha (ðíiha) - lift, pick up, hold up, or raise someone or somethink [CQ-Osage]; yu-haⁿ (yuháⁿ) - lift up, pull up, lift a heavy object up [Kaw]

 

shake, as a person or tree

► i-di-zhoⁿ-zhoⁿ (ídižǫ́žǫ) - shake, as a person or tree ► i-bdi-zhoⁿ-zhoⁿ (íbdižǫ́žǫ) - I, i-ti-zhoⁿ-zhoⁿ (íttižǫ́žǫ) - you

► cf. zhoⁿ-zhoⁿ (žǫ́žǫ) - shake

► Dhegiha: i-thi-zhoⁿ-zhoⁿ (ithi zhoⁿzhoⁿ) - to jar [Omaha]

► Dhegiha: thi-zhoⁿ-zhoⁿ (thizhóⁿzhoⁿ) - to shake a person; to shake a tree and get off the fruit; to shake off, as dew [Omaha/Ponca]; thi-zhoⁿ-zhoⁿ (thi zhoⁿzhoⁿ) - jar [Omaha]; thi-zhoⁿ-zhoⁿ (thi-zhoⁿ-zhoⁿ) - to arouse a person from a sound sleep by roughly shaking him; arouse by shaking [FL-Osage]; thi-zhaⁿ-zhaⁿ (ðižą́žą), thi-zha-zha (ðižaža) - shake a person, an object, or one’s own body part, such as shaking the head [CQ-Osage]

 

shake, to shake hands

► naⁿ-pe o-di-zhoⁿ-zhoⁿ (nąpe ódižožo) - to shake hands

► cf. naⁿ-pe (nąpé), noⁿ-pe (nǫpé) - hand; di (di) - by hand, pulling; cause by using the hands; zhoⁿ-zhoⁿ (žǫ́žǫ) - shake

► ex: naⁿ-pe o-di-zhoⁿ-zhoⁿ, ha-we (nąpé ódižǫ́žǫ, hawé) - hello, shake hands [MS]

► ex: naⁿ-pe o-di-zhoⁿ-zhoⁿ-wi-a-we (nąpé ódižǫ́žǫwiáwe) - they said, they shook hands [MS]

► Dhegiha: thi-zhoⁿ-zhoⁿ (thizhóⁿzhoⁿ) - to shake a person; to shake a tree and get off the fruit; to shake off, as dew [Omaha/Ponca]; thi-zhoⁿ-zhoⁿ (thi zhoⁿzhoⁿ) - jar [Omaha]; thi-zhoⁿ-zhoⁿ (thi-zhoⁿ-zhoⁿ) - to arouse a person from a sound sleep by roughly shaking him; arouse by shaking [FL-Osage]; thi-zhaⁿ-zhaⁿ (ðižą́žą), thi-zha-zha (ðižaža) - shake a person, an object, or one’s own body part, such as shaking the head [CQ-Osage]

 

shake, tremble

► di-ka-ka (dikkákka) - tremble, shake

 

shaker, shell shaker

► ke-ha a-na-xa-da (kkehá anaxáda) - shell shaker, stomp dance shells [MS]

► cf. ke-ha (kkéhá) - turtle shell

► ex: ke-ha a-na-xa-da ho-taⁿ aⁿ-ka-niⁿ iⁿ-ke (kkehá anaɣáda hóttą ąkanį́ įké) - we have some good shell shakers [MS]

 

shaking, arouse by shaking

► di-xi-xi (dixíxi) - awaken, arouse by shaking ► bdi-xi-xi (bdíxixi) - I, ti-xi-xi (ttíxixi) - you

► cf. di-xi (dixí) - awaken, arouse

► Dhegiha: thi-xi (thiqí) - to rouse or awaken one by pinching, pulling, shaking, or taking hold [Omaha/Ponca]; thi-xi (thíxi) - arouse from sleep [Omaha]; thi-xi [thi-xí) - to arouse one from sleep, to awaken [FL-Osage]; thi-xi (ðixí) - wake [CQ-Osage]; yu-xi (yuxí) - wake or arouse by pulling, pinching, or shaking [Kaw]

 

shall, so shall it be

► e-kaⁿ te (eką́ tte), e-koⁿ te (ekǫ́ tte) - so shall it be, it will be like that [JOD]

► cf. e-kaⁿ (eką́), e-koⁿ (ekǫ́) - like, thus, like that, so; te (tte) - future, potential or optative marker, shall

► ex: e-kaⁿ te (eką́ tte) - so/will be [JOD]

► ex: “hau, e-kaⁿ te,” i-yi (“hau, eką́ tte,” iyí) - “yes, it will be like that,” he said; “yes, so shall it be,” he said [JOD]

► ex: “hau, e-kaⁿ te,” i-yi i-ya-we (“hau, eką́ tte,” iyí iyáwe) - he said, “yes, it will be like that,” they say; he said, “yes, so shall it be,” they say [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ e-ti knoⁿ-ke te i-ka-zo-zo ka-xe a-taⁿ a-ki-niⁿ hi taⁿ toⁿ-we taⁿ naⁿ-zha, “e-koⁿ te,” i-ke (kóišǫ́ttą étti knǫké tte íkazózo káγe attą́ akínį hí tą tǫ́we tą ną́ža, “ekǫ́ tte,” iké) - then he wrote the letter (asking) to marry and took it to her, when she looked at it she said, “so shall it be (it will be so)” [JOD]

► ex: “aⁿ-naⁿ-de ta-i, e-koⁿ te e-ki-oⁿ!” sni-wa-te i-yi i-ya (“ąną́de ttaí, ékǫ tte ékiǫ́!” sniwátte iyí iyá) - “we shall see, do so!” it is said that Winter said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: e-gaⁿ (e-gáⁿ) - as; so; that being the case [JOD-Omaha]; e-gaⁿ (é-gaⁿ) - so; to be so; to do as another has said or done; to be as another has said; used as the equivilant of the English adverbial ending, -ly (like); as, so; for the same purpose; used in forming a strong imperative; used in formimg a strong optative [JOD-Omaha]; e-goⁿ (egoⁿ) - as, like, kind, type, certainly, action [Omaha]; e-goⁿ (e-goⁿ) - like [FL-Osage]; e-koⁿ (ékǫ) - like, similar to, like that, likewise, similarly, somewhat, kind of, rather, slightly, a bit, right, correctly, correct, appropriate, appropriately, that is right, true!, correct!, that’s the way!, thus, therefore, mean, signify, happen, be so, be as [CQ-Osage]; e-go (égo) - like, as, so; to be that kind, be such [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: te (te) - future sign, will, let, please [JOD-Omaha]; ʰtse (ṭse) - shall or will go [FL-Osage]; ʰtse (ʰce) - may it be that, let, allow, have, tell, let’s; tse (ce) - future or potential aspect: shall or will; please [Kaw]

 

shall, will

► ta-i (taí) - we shall, let’s [JOD]

► ta-i (taí) - will (plural) [JOD]

► ex: wa-sa ke za-ni hi t’e-aⁿ-wa-de ta-i (wasá ke zaní hi tʔeą́wade taí) - let us (let’s) kill all the black bears [JOD]

► ex: haⁿ-ba o-taⁿ-ka hi taⁿ o-da-kda-x’a-x’a ta-i i-we-ke i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (hą́ba otą́ka hi ttą́ odákdaxʔáxʔa taí iwéke iyá maštį́ke) - as soon as day arrives, you’all will give the scalp yell, rabbit said to them, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: o-da-kda-x’a-x’a ta-i (odákdaxʔáxʔá taí) - you’all will give the scalp yell [JOD]

► ex: e-ti te na-ha i-di-si-si-ke hi ta-i e-de (étti tté nahá idísisike hi ttai edé) - do not go there, they will sure enough abuse you [JOD]

► ex: aⁿ-ka-hi ta-i, wa-x’o-zhi-ka i-ki-e niⁿ (ąkáhi taí, waxʔóžiká ikíé nį) - we will arrive there/we will go, the old woman was saying to him [JOD]

► ex: “hoⁿ o-wi-ki-bda-ke tai miⁿ-kʰe”, i-we-ke i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“hǫ ówikibdáke taí mįkʰé”, iwéke iyá maštį́ke) - the rabbit said, “yes, I will tell you’all” it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: aⁿ-ka-xe ta-i (ąkáγe ttaí) - let us make him [JOD]

► ex: “ma-shtiⁿ-ke ka-hi-ke aⁿ-ka-xe ta-i,” i-ke-ya-we ke, i-ya (“maštį́ke kahíke ąkáγe ttaí,” íkeyáwe ké, iyá) - “we shall make Rabbit chief,” they said to one another, it is said [JOD]

► ex: aⁿ-naⁿ-de ta-i (ąną́de ttaí) - let us see [JOD]

► ex: “aⁿ-naⁿ-de ta-i, e-koⁿ te e-ki-oⁿ!” sni-wa-te i-yi i-ya (“ąną́de ttaí, ékǫ tte ékiǫ́!” sniwátte iyí iyá) - “we shall see, do so!” it is said that Winter said [JOD]

► ex: da-kdi ta-i (dakdí ttai) - you shall return hither [JOD]

► ex: “maⁿ-tʰo i-shta zhi-te e-ti da-we! te da-k’iⁿ da-kdi ta-i!” i-we-ke i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“mątʰó ištá žitté étti dawé! tté dakʔį dakdí ttai!” iwéke iyá maštį́ke) - “you’all go there, to the red-eyed Grizzly bear! you’all will pack the buffalo back here!” Rabbit said to them, it is said [JOD]

► ex: kde ta-i (kdé ttai) - they shall go homeward [JOD]

► ex: “te k’iⁿ kde ta-i o-da-ke e-ti kda!” i-yi i-ya maⁿ-tʰo (“tté kʔį kdé ttai ódaké étti kdá!” iyí iyá mątʰó) - “go home and tell those there they will pack the buffalo home!” it is said that Grizzly bear said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ta-i (tai) - will, plural [JOD-Omaha]; ta-i (ta-i) - we shall, let’s [Omaha]; ʰtai (ʰtai) - let’s, clause final element conveying an extortion or suggestion for a group including the speaker and at least two other persons [CQ-Osage]

 

► ta-i-tʰe (taitʰé) - shall (plural), they shall [JOD]

► ex: di-shi-ka-we taⁿ-ha wa-kdi-shka e-naⁿ-xti da-tʰe ta-i-tʰe (díšikáwe tą́ha wakdíška éną-xti datʰé taitʰé) - because you’all have been bad, you’all shall eat nothing but insects and reptiles in the future [JOD]

► ex: wa-na-xe di-ni-ke ta-i-tʰe (wanáγe diníke taitʰé) - you’all shall be without a soul, spirit, and mind [JOD]

► ex: iⁿ-da wi-te-ke e-ta-we di-da-tʰe ta-i-tʰe (įdá wítteke ettáwe dídatʰé taitʰé) - my mother, my uncle, theirs (offspring), they will eat you [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ta-i-te (ta íte) - shall [Omaha]; ta-i-te (taité) - will surely, shall, shall surely [JOD-Omaha]; ta-i-tʰe (ta-i-tʰe) - shall [Omaha]; ʰta-i-tse (ṭa-í-tse) - they shall [FL-Osage]; ʰta-i-te (ṭa i te) - they will [FL-Osage]

 

► ta-tʰe (ttatʰé) - shall be; shall [JOD]

► ex: ta-tʰe (ttatʰé) - shall [JOD]

► ex: he-be da-ki-k’iⁿ ta-tʰe i-yi-zhaⁿ te (hébe dakíkʔį ttatʰé íyižą́ tte) - you will speak of carrying your share [JOD]

► Dhegiha: tʰa-tʰe (tʰatʰé) - he said or says it to him as if he decided for him or ruled him, i.e., it expresses what the speaker regards as certain, in his own power, as it were [Omaha/Ponca]; ta-tʰe (ta-tʰe) - shall surely, it shall be [Omaha]

 

shall, will, future tense

► ta (tta) - future tense; potential mode clitic ► ta miⁿ-kʰe (tta mįkʰé) - I, ta niⁿ-kʰe (tta nįkʰé) - you; taⁿ-ka-tʰaⁿ (ttąkatʰą́), ta oⁿ-ka-tʰaⁿ (tta ǫkatʰą́) - we, I and one other

► ex: shi-naⁿ ka-saⁿ-niⁿ a-kdi ta miⁿ-kʰe (šíną kasą́nį akdí tta mįkʰé) - I'll come back tomorrow [MS]

► ex: a-kde ta miⁿ-kʰe (akdé tta mįkʰé) - I'm going home (I will be going home) [MS]

► ex: wi-e mo-sho-ki a-kde ta miⁿ-kʰe ka-sa-ni (wíe móšokki akdé tta mįkʰé kasáni) - I am going to church in the morning (tomorrow) [AG]

► ex: bda-taⁿ ta miⁿ-kʰe (bdattą́ tta mįkʰé) - I will be drinking

► ex: she-ta a-kʰi-kniⁿ ta miⁿ-kʰe (šétta akʰíknį tta mįkʰé) - I will return thither (in sight) and take my seat

► ex: a-wi-ki-pa ta miⁿ-kʰe (áwikkippá ttá mįkʰé) - I will meet you

► ex: hoⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ toⁿ ti te ta ni-kʰe (hǫnį́ttą ttǫ tti tté tta nikʰé) - why you go to town? (why are you going to town?) [MS]

► ex: hoⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ te ta ni-kʰe (hǫnį́ttą tté tta nikʰé) - why will you be going?, why are you going? [MS]

► ex: ha-zhoⁿ ta ni-she (háažǫ tta nišé) - what are you going to do with it? [MS]

► ex: a-shi-oⁿ-he-taⁿ sh-ta oⁿ-ka-hi taⁿ-ka-tʰaⁿ (ášiǫhéttą šétta ǫkáhi ttąkatʰą́) - later on, we will reach there (where you are)

► ex: aⁿ-ka-kde taⁿ-ka-tʰaⁿ (ą́kakdé tta ą́katʰą) - we are going home (me and you are going home) [MS]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ sh’a-ke tʰaⁿ ni o-ha wa-taⁿ a-ki-de ta tʰaⁿ naⁿ (kóišǫ́ttą šʔaké tʰą ni ohá wattą́ akidé tta tʰą́ ną) - then the old man was about to go after goods along the creek/river [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ta (ta) - will, shall, potential or future marker [Omaha/Ponca]; ʰta (ṭa) - shall, he shall, you shall [FL-Osage]; ʰta (ʰta) - future tense marker, will, be going to, could, so that it could/might be, what if, were it the case that, would be [CQ-Osage]; ta (ta) - future potential or intentive aspect [Kaw]

 

► te (tte) - future, potential or optative marker, shall, will be

► ex: bda-taⁿ te (bdattą́ tte) - I will/would drink

► ex: pa-hi-o-knaⁿ a-wa-naⁿ-bde a-shi a-a-ki-knaⁿ te (ppáhi-ókną áwanąbde áši áakikną tte) - I will put my hat on the table

► ex: di-taⁿ-niⁿ e-ti da! a-shi-oⁿ-he-taⁿ she-ta pi te (díttąnį étti dá!  ášiǫhéttą šétta ppi tte) - you go there first, and I will join you later on

► ex: ha-tʰaⁿ-taⁿ te te (hatʰą́ttą tté tte) - when you going? [MS]

► ex: ni-zhi te (niží tte) - it’s going to rain [OM]

► ex: ni-zhi te (niži tte) - it will rain

► ex: e-koⁿ te (ekǫ́ tte), e-kaⁿ te (eką́ tte) - so shall it be, it will be like that [JOD]

► ex: hau, e-kaⁿ te, i-yi (hau, eką́ tte, iyí) - yes, it will be like that, he said; yes, so shall it be, he said [JOD]

► ex: bde te (bdé tté) - I go/will [JOD]

► ex: “haⁿ-e-taⁿ? e-ti bde te,” i-niⁿ-aⁿ i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“hą́ettą́? étti bdé tté,” ínįą́ iyá maštį́ke) - “why is this? I will go there,” thought Rabbit, it is said [JOD]

► ex: “kaⁿ-zhi da-kniⁿ te,” i-ke i-ya sni-wa-te (“kkąží daknį́ tte,” iké iyá sniwátte) - Winter said to him, “you will sit still!” it is said [JOD]

► ex: aⁿ-ka-de te (ąkáde tte) - let us two go [JOD]

► ex: “aⁿ-ka-de te, ma-shtiⁿ-ke,” i-ye niⁿ i-ya sni-wa-te (“ąkáde tte, maštį́ke,” iyé nį iyá sniwátte) - the Winter said, “Rabbit, let’s go,” it is said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: te (te) - will [JOD-Omaha]; ʰtse (ṭse) - shall or will go [FL-Osage]; ʰtse (ʰce) - may it be that, often translated as ‘let, allow, have, tell someone to, let’s’ [CQ-Osage]; tse (ce) - future or potential aspect: shall or will; please [Kaw]

 

► te-a (tteá) - will or let [JOD]

► ex: wi-ki-kda-k’iⁿ te-a (wikíkdakʔį́ tteá) - I will carry you on my back' (JOD)]

► ex: “di-e wi-bda-sniⁿ maⁿ te-a,” i-ke (“díe wíbdasnį́ mą́ ttéa,” iké) - I will swallow you, he said to her [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ʰtse-a (ṭse-á) - shall [FL-Osage]

 

shallow mud

► ma-xdi-xdi-we (máxdixdíwe), ma-xti-xti-we (máxtixtíwe) - shallow mud

► cf. ma (ma), maⁿ (mą) - relating to the earth or ground; di-xdi-xdi-we (dixdíxdiwe) - sticky, make from handling; i-di-xdi-we (ídixdíwe) - mix, mess with, make gooey

► Dhegiha: maⁿ-xthi-xthi-be (maⁿ-q¢í-q¢i-be) - deep mud, extending below the surface, as after a thaw or frequent raines [JOD-Omaha]; moⁿ-xthi-xthi-be (moⁿxthi xthibe) - mud, muddy [Omaha]; maⁿ-xli-xli (maⁿxlíxli) - earth that is springy, swampy, ‘squishy’ and oozing [Kaw];

► Dhegiha: qthi-be (qthíbe) - swampy, muddy [Omaha/Ponca]; qthi-qthi-be (qthiqthíbe) - swampy, muddy, miry [Omaha/Ponca]; xli-xli (xlíxli) - miry, mud and water oozing up [Kaw]

 

shaman, Indian doctor, priest, mysterious man

► ni-ka xo-we (níkka xówe) - shaman, Indian doctor, priest, mysterious man

► cf. ni-ka (níkka) - man; xo-we (xówe) - sacred, holy

► ex: While endeavoring to obtain a full list of personal names of the tribe, I met with considerable difficulty on account of the reluctance of the people to communicate to me the information which they regarded as the peculiar right of a class of men whom they called “wa-pi-naⁿ (wappíną).” A wa-pi-naⁿ (wappíną) they divined as a ni-ka xo-we (níkka xówe) or mysterious man [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ni-ka-shiⁿ-ga xu-be (ní-ka-ciⁿ-ga qu-bé) - a mysterious person, prob. answering to popular “medicine man” of white writers [JOD-Omaha]; ni-ʰka xo-be (ní-ḳa xo-be) - the holy man [FL-Osage]

 

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