English to Quapaw Dictionary

A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H-I-J-K-L-M-N-O-P-Q-R-S-T-U-V-W-X-Y-Z
Quapaw Sources Dhegiha Sources

 

s

 

 

stride

o-si-di-ze (osídize) - stride

cf. si di-ze (si díze) - raise the foot as in walking; si di-ze de-de (si díze déde) - stride, make a step

Dhegiha: u-si-thu-ze (u-çí-thu-çe) - the length of a footstep; a footstep [FL-Osage]

 

si di-ze de-de (si díze déde) - stride, make a step

cf. si di-ze (si díze) - raise the foot as in walking; si (si) - foot; de-de (déde) - sent away, causative of go

ex: si di-ze de-de (sí dizé dedé) - raising his feet/sent it off [JOD]

ex: si di-ze de-de naⁿ hi tʰe-ti (sí dizé dedé ną hí tʰétti) - at every step which he took [JOD]

Dhegiha: si thi-ze (si ¢í-zĕ) - to take up his feet, to raise the feet, as in walking [JOD-Omaha]; si thi-ze (si thíze) - lift one’s feet, as in walking [Omaha/Ponca]; si thi-ze (çi thize) - step [Omaha]; si thu-ze (çi-thú-çe) - step [FL-Osage]; si yu-ze (síyuze) - to take a step, advance step by step [Kaw]

 

si di-ze (si díze) - raise the foot as in walking

cf. si (si) - foot; di-ze (dizé) - get, take, receive; o-si-di-ze (osídize) - stride; si di-ze de-de (si díze déde) - stride, make a step

ex: si di-ze de-de (si díze déde) - stride, make a step

ex: si di-ze de-de (sí dizé dedé) - raising his feet/sent it off [JOD]

ex: si di-ze de-de naⁿ hi tʰe-ti (sí dizé dedé ną hí tʰétti) - at every step which he took [JOD]

Dhegiha: si thi-ze (si ¢í-zĕ) - to take up his feet, to raise the feet, as in walking [JOD-Omaha]; si thi-ze (si thíze) - lift one’s feet, as in walking [Omaha/Ponca]; si thi-ze (çi thize) - step [Omaha]; si thu-ze (çi-thú-çe) - step [FL-Osage]; si yu-ze (síyuze) - to take a step, advance step by step [Kaw]

 

strike at and miss

ka-kʰiⁿ-te (kakʰį́tte) - strike at and miss a-kʰiⁿ-te (ákʰįtte) - I, da-kʰiⁿ-te (dákʰįtte) - you

cf. ka (ka) - by striking, by action of the wind or water; ba-kʰiⁿ-te (bakʰį́tte) - miss, slip pushing something; bi-kʰiⁿ-te (bikʰį́tte) - rub a slippery surface; di-kʰiⁿ-te (dikʰį́tte) - lose grip, slip over; bi-kʰiⁿ-te (bikʰį́tte) - rub a slippery surface; da-kʰiⁿ-te (dakʰį́tte) - bite at and miss, snap at; kiⁿ-kʰiⁿ-te (kkį́kkįtté) - slippery; naⁿ-kʰiⁿ-te (nąkʰį́tte) - kick at and miss, pass by; pa-kʰiⁿ-te (pákʰįtte) - cut at something and miss it; po-kʰiⁿ-te (pókʰįtte) - graze something while shooting

Dhegiha: ka-kshiⁿ-tse (kakšį́ce) - miss a target, miss out on by arriving late [CQ-Osage];

Dhegiha: ba-kshiⁿ-dse (ba-kshíⁿ-dse) - to miss an object at which a thrust is made, to scrape a hide [FL-Osage]; wa-kshiⁿ-dse (wá-kshiⁿ-dse) - to miss hitting them [FL-Osage]; noⁿ-kshiⁿ-dse (noⁿ-kshíⁿ-dse) - barely missing an object in kicking at it [FL-Osage]; thi-kshiⁿ-dse (thi-kshíⁿ-dse) - failure to get a good grasp or hold [FL-Osage]; thi-kshiⁿ-tse (ðikšį́ce) - miss, fail at, be incorrect at, not get right, drop, let slip, let slip away [CQ-Osage]; ba-khiⁿ-je (bakhíⁿje) - miss, slip with a spear, to fail in cutting an object with a knife [Kaw]; ya-khiⁿ-je (yakhíⁿje) - snap at and miss, fail in speaking [Kaw]

 

strike down, knock senseless

ka-xdi (kaxdí) - to kill with a blow [JOD] a-xdi (axdi) - I, da-xdi (dáxdi) - you

ka-xdi (kaxdí) - strike down, knock senseless

cf. ka (ka) - by striking, by action of the wind or water

ex: da-xdi (dáxdi) - you kill him with a blow [JOD]

ex: koi-she-taⁿ u-da-ki-de ki-ha taⁿ ka-xdi (koišéttą udákide kihá tą kaxdí) - when he (haⁿ-ka’s son) finally finished telling him (rabbit), he (rabbit) struck and killed him (haⁿ-ka’s son) [JOD]

ex: aⁿ-xdi (ą́xdi) - I have been struck down, knocked senseless

ex: aⁿ-xdi (ą́xdi) - beat me hard/very [JOD]

ex: i-kaⁿ aⁿ-xdi hi tʰe (ikką́ ą́xdi hi tʰe) - my grandmother almost beat the life out of me [JOD]

ex: di-a-xdi (diáxdi) - you have been atruck down, knocked senseless

Dhegiha: ga-xthi (gaqthí) - to stun or kill by striking with an ax or club [Omaha/Ponca]; ga-xthi (gaxthi) - to assault, beaten [Omaha]; ga-xthi (gaq¢í) - to stun or kill by striking with an ax or club, to beat severely [JOD-Omaha]; ga-xthi (ga-xthí) - to kill an enemy, the killing of an enemy by a war party, the striking of an enemy by a warrior, an act which entitles him to a military honor [FL-Osage]; ga-xli (gaxlí) - slay, strike down and stun, kill by striking with an instrument such as a club or ax [Kaw]

 

strike notches in something

ka-ti-te (kattítte) - strike notches in something a-ti-te (áttitte) - I, da-ti-te (dáttitte) - you

cf. ka (ka) - by striking, by action of the wind or water; ti-te (ttítte) - notched; di-ti-te (dittitté) - tear notches, scallops in something; pa-ti-te (páttitte) - cut notches with a knife

 

strike on behalf of someone else

o-ki-tʰiⁿ (okítʰį) - strike on behalf of someone else

cf. o-tʰiⁿ (otʰį́) - strike, slap, hit; ki (kí) - for someone, on behalf of someone

Dhegiha: u-gi-tiⁿ (u-gí-tiⁿ) - to hit his own relation or property [JOD-Omaha]; u-gi-ti ⁿ(ú-gi-tiⁿ) - to hit them (animate objects, his own property [JOD-Omaha]

Dhegiha: u-tiⁿ (utiⁿ) - beat, hit, spank, strike, a blow, club [Omaha]; u-tʰiⁿ (utʰíⁿ) - to hit or strike him [Omaha/Ponca]; u-tsiⁿ (ú-tsiⁿ) - to maul, to beat, to pound, to strike, to give a drubbing, to thrash [FL-Osage]; o-tsʰiⁿ (ocʰí) - whip strongly, beat up, spank or get someone, drub, thrash [CQ-Osage]; o-tsʰiⁿ (ócʰį) - hit or beat things, such as a drum [CQ-Osage]; o-chiⁿ (ochíⁿ) - hit [Kaw]

 

strike one’s own

o-ki-tʰiⁿ (okítʰį) - strike one’s own o-a-ki-tʰiⁿ (oákitʰį) - I, o-da-ki-tʰiⁿ (odákitʰį) - you

cf. o-tʰiⁿ (otʰį́) - strike, slap, hit; ki (kí) - one’s own

Dhegiha: u-gi-tiⁿ (u-gí-tiⁿ) - to hit his own relation or property [JOD-Omaha]; u-gi-ti ⁿ(ú-gi-tiⁿ) - to hit them (animate objects, his own property [JOD-Omaha]

Dhegiha: u-tiⁿ (utiⁿ) - beat, hit, spank, strike, a blow, club [Omaha]; u-tʰiⁿ (utʰíⁿ) - to hit or strike him [Omaha/Ponca]; u-tsiⁿ (ú-tsiⁿ) - to maul, to beat, to pound, to strike, to give a drubbing, to thrash [FL-Osage]; o-tsʰiⁿ (ocʰí) - whip strongly, beat up, spank or get someone, drub, thrash [CQ-Osage]; o-tsʰiⁿ (ócʰį) - hit or beat things, such as a drum [CQ-Osage]; o-chiⁿ (ochíⁿ) - hit [Kaw]

 

strike with something, hit

i-tʰiⁿ (itʰį́) - hit, strike with something i-da-tʰiⁿ (idátʰį) - I, i-da-tʰiⁿ (ídatʰį) - you

cf. i-tʰiⁿ-tʰiⁿ (ítʰįtʰį) - hit repeatedly with something; i-tʰiⁿ-ye (ítʰįye) - to have hit; i-ki-tʰiⁿ (íkkitʰį) - hit oneself with something; i-ki-tʰiⁿ (íkitʰį) - hit one’s own; i-ki-tʰiⁿ-ye (íkitʰį́ye) - to have hit one’s own; iⁿ-tʰiⁿ (į́tʰį) - stick, club [JOD]; ma-ze iⁿ-tʰiⁿ (máze į́tʰį) - sword, lit. “iron striker”; o-tʰiⁿ (otʰį́) - strike, slap, hit

ex: naⁿ-pe bda-ska i-tʰiⁿ (nąpé bdaská itʰį́) - slap, lit. “hit with flat hand”

Dhegiha: i-tʰiⁿ (í-tʰiⁿ) - to hit an object with something the name of which precedes the verb [Omaha/Ponca]; i-tsiⁿ (í-tsiⁿ) - club, hatchet [FL-Osge]; i-tsʰiⁿ (iicʰį́) - hit with, strike with [CQ-Osage]; i-chiⁿ (íchiⁿ) - strike with something [Kaw]

 

strike, fall on

ka-sta (kastá) - strike, fall on

cf. ka (ka) - by striking, by action of the wind or water;

ex: ma-ze we-ka-sta (mazé wékastá) - hammer

ex: ma-ze-ska ka-sta wa-naⁿ-’iⁿ (mazéska kásta waną́ʔį) - silver breast ornament, from Harrison Quapaw [MH]

Dhegiha: ga-sta (gastá) - to beat till soft and pliable, as metals, moccasins, or hides; to beat a short piece of iron, making it flat and long [Omaha/Ponca]; ga-sta (ga-çtá) - to beat or hammer metal [FL-Osage]; ka-shta (kaaštá) - hammer, hit or beat, flatten by striking [CQ-Osage]; ga-sta (gastá) - hammer flat, beat until flat and long, as when hammering metal or other malleable material [Kaw]

 

strike, slap, hit

o-tʰiⁿ (otʰį́) - strike, slap, hit o-a-tʰiⁿ (oátʰį) - I, o-da-tʰiⁿ (odátʰį) - you, oⁿ-ko-tʰiⁿ-we (ǫkótʰįwe) - we

cf. o-tʰiⁿ-kde (otʰį́kde) - touch, tap to gain attention; o-tʰiⁿ-tʰiⁿ (otʰį́tʰį) - pat; o-tʰiⁿ-ye (otʰį́-ye) - to have struck, etc.; de-ho-di-ki o-tʰiⁿ (dehodíkki otʰį́) - drumstick [MS]; de-xo-di-tiⁿ o-tʰiⁿ (d¢exud¢itiⁿ utiⁿ) - drum, beat drum, strike [JOD]; i-tʰiⁿ (itʰį́) - hit, strike with something;

ex: o-wa-tʰiⁿ (owátʰį) - I hit him [MS]

ex: o-wi-tʰiⁿ (owítʰį) - I hit you

ex: a-ka-ze hi o-da-tʰiⁿ (ákaze hí odátʰį) - you hit an object softly or carefully

ex: o-aⁿ-tʰiⁿ (oą́tʰį) - she/he hit me

ex: o-aⁿ-da-tʰiⁿ (oą́datʰį) - you hit me

ex: maⁿ-ke o-tʰiⁿ (mą́ke otʰį́) - Hit in the Breast, male personal name [MS, JOD]

Dhegiha: u-tiⁿ (utiⁿ) - beat, hit, spank, strike, a blow, club [Omaha]; u-tʰiⁿ (utʰíⁿ) - to hit or strike him [Omaha/Ponca]; u-tsiⁿ (ú-tsiⁿ) - to maul, to beat, to pound, to strike, to give a drubbing, to thrash [FL-Osage]; o-tsʰiⁿ (ocʰí) - whip strongly, beat up, spank or get someone, drub, thrash [CQ-Osage]; o-tsʰiⁿ (ócʰį) - hit or beat things, such as a drum [CQ-Osage]; o-chiⁿ (ochíⁿ) - hit [Kaw]

 

striking, fail in throwing or striking

ka-iⁿ-zhi (kaį́ži) - fail in throwing or striking a-iⁿ-zhi (áįži) - I, da-iⁿ-zhi (dáįži) - you, oⁿ-ka-iⁿ-wa-zhi (ǫkáįwaží) - we

cf. ka (ka) - by striking, by action of the wind or water; zhi (-ži) - negative, not; ba-iⁿ-zhi (baį́ži) - fail or miss pushing at something; bi-iⁿ-zhi (biį́ži) - fail/miss pressing/blowing; da-iⁿ-zhi (daį́ži) - fail using the mouth, voice; di-iⁿ-zhi (díįži) - fail in pulling, rowing, etc.; ka-iⁿ-zhi (kaį́ži) - fail in throwing or striking; naⁿ-iⁿ-zhi (nąį́ži) - fail in walking or with machine; pa-iⁿ-zhi (páįži) - fail in cutting or sawing; po-iⁿ-zhi (póįži) - to be unsuccessful shooting or punching; ta-iⁿ-zhi (táįži), (ttáįži) - fail in cooking, as when fire is not hot enough

Dhegiha: ga-iⁿ-ba-zhi (ga-íⁿ-ba-zhi) - failure to chop wood because the ax is dull [FL-Osage]; ga-iⁿ-ba-zhe (gaíⁿbazhe) - fail in chopping; fail in throwing, to fail in chopping wood with a dull ax that does not cut at all; to be unsuccessful in throwing [Kaw]

 

striking, gash or slit something by striking it

ka-shte (kašté) - gash, slit something striking it

cf. ka (ka) - by striking, by action of the wind or water; i-ka-shte (íkašte) - gash, slit the skin with something; ki-kda-shte (kkikdášte) - cut, gash one’s own; i-ba-shte (íbašte) - split by falling against [JOD]; ma-ze we-pa-shte (mozeh-wepaschtŭh) - knife, “iron with which to cut” (épée) [GI]; o-di-shte (odíšte) - saw, split by sawing; pa-shte (pášte) - cut; shte-ke (štéke) - split in two; zhoⁿ di-shte (žǫ díšte) - plank, “split wood”

 

striking, miss the mark striking at something

ka-shnoⁿ-da (kašnǫ́da) - miss the mark striking at something a-shnoⁿ-da (ášnǫda) - I, da-shnoⁿ-da (dášnǫda) - you

cf. ka (ka) - by striking, by action of the wind or water; ba-shnoⁿ-da (bašnǫ́da) - push at and fail or miss; bi-shnoⁿ-da (bišnǫ́da) - fail, miss applying pressure; da-shnoⁿ-da (dašnǫ́da) - slip in eating, talking, etc.; di-shnoⁿ-da (dišnǫ́da) - let slip, fumble something; naⁿ-shnoⁿ-da (nąšnǫ́da) - lose one’s footing, slip; pa-shnoⁿ-da (pášnǫda) - fail to cut something with a knife; po-shnoⁿ-da (póšnǫda) - miss a target shooting

Dhegiha: zhnoⁿ (zhnoⁿ) - verb root, to miss, let fall, zhnoⁿ-tha (c͓naⁿ¢a), ba-zhnoⁿ (bac͓naⁿ), bu-zhnoⁿ (buc͓naⁿ), tha-zhnoⁿ (¢ac͓naⁿ), thi-zhnoⁿ (¢ic͓naⁿ), ga-zhnoⁿ (gac͓naⁿ), ma zhnoⁿ (mac͓naⁿ), mu-zhnoⁿ (muc͓naⁿ) [Omaha/Ponca]

 

striking, rattle by striking something

ka-sha-da (kašadá) - rattle by striking something a-sha-da (ášada) - I, da-sha-da (dášada) - you, oⁿ-ka-sha-da-we (ǫkášadawe) - we

cf. a-na-sha-da (ánašáda) - bell, rattle [MS]; di-sha-da (dišáda) - rattle; di-sha-sha-da (dišášada) - rattle, make a rattling noise

Dhegiha: ga-sha-thu (ga-cá-¢u) - to make the sound of striking water; to make the sound heard when a chain falls and hits an object, or that of hitting a chain with a stick [JOD-Omaha]; ga-sa-thu (ga-sá-¢u) - to shake a rattle; to hit corn and make it rattle as it falls [JOD-Omaha]; ga-sa-thu (gasathu) - rattle [Omaha]; ga-su-the (ga-çú-the) - sounding a rattle with a stroke [FL-Osage]

 

striking, split something by striking

o-ka-ste (okáste) - split something by striking o-a-ka-ste (oákaste) - I, o-da-ka-ste (odákaste) - you

cf. o-ste (oste) - crack, cracked, split; ka-ste (kasté) - gash, split something; ka-ste-ste (kastéste) - cut or beat to shreds/slivers; ka-ste-ste-ye (kastésteye) - to have cut to shreds

Dhegiha: u-ga-sne (u-gá-s͓ne) - to split, as wood with a wedge and ax or mallet; to split within an object [JOD-Omaha]; u-ga-sne (ugáçne) - cracked, split [Omaha]; o-ga-stse-ge (ogáscege) - split something such as wood with an instrument such as an ax or a wedge and mallet [Kaw]

 

striking, spoil something by striking it

ka-shi-ke (kašíke) - spoil something by striking it a-shi-ke (ášike) - I, da-shi-ke (dášike) - you

cf. ka (ka) - by striking, by action of the wind or water; shi-ke (šíke) - bad, ugly; ba-shi-ke (bašiké) - ruin by poking a hole in; bi-shi-ke (bišíke) - ruin by pressing, squash; da-shi-ke (dašíke) - speak badly of or incorrectly; di-shi-ke (díšiké) - ruin by tearing, do wrong; naⁿ-shi-ke (nąšíke) - spoil something by stepping on it; pa-shi-ke (pášike) - ruin by cutting with a knife; po-shi-ke (póšike) - spoil something by punching it; ta-shi-ke (tášíke) - ruin something by burning it

 

striking, to remain after striking

o-ka-shte (okášte) - to remain after striking [JOD]

cf. ka (ka) - by striking, by action of the wind or water; o-shte (ošté) - remain, be left over; o-po-shte (opóšte) - remain after a shooting

ex: o-ka-shte (okášte) - remained after striking [JOD]

ex: ni-ka miⁿ-xti wa-x’o miⁿ-xti, naⁿ-pa o-ka-shte, i-ya (níkka mį́-xti waxʔó mį́-xti, ną́pa okášté, iyá) - one male and one female, two remained after the striking down of the others, it is said (they say) [JOD]

Dhegiha: u-ga-shte (úgacte) - to leave a remnant; to reserve, as a part of another’s wages, yet to be paid him [JOD-Omaha]; u-ga-shte (u-gá-shte) - exempt, free from [FL-Osage]; o-ga-shtse (ogáshce) - to remain after being struck; save something, set aside, spare, reserve [Kaw]; o-wa-ga-shtse (ówagàshce) - to allow them to remain after killing the rest by blows; to spare them instead of killing them by blows [Kaw]

 

striking, undercut by striking or chopping

ka-shoⁿ-da-da (kašǫ́dada) - undercut by striking, chopping a-shoⁿ-da-da (ášǫdada) - I, da-shoⁿ-da-da (dášǫdada) - you, oⁿ-ka-shoⁿ-da-da (ǫkášǫdada) we dual, I and one other

cf. ka (ka) - by striking, by action of the wind or water; shoⁿ-da-da (šǫ́dada) - unsteady, insecure; ba-shoⁿ-da-da (bašǫ́dada) - loosen, destabilize pushing at; bi-shoⁿ-da-da (bišǫ́dada) - upset, make unsteady pressing; naⁿ-shoⁿ-da-da (nąšǫ́dadá) - destabilize with the foot; kick loose; pa-shoⁿ-da-da (pášǫdadá) - undercut, undermine; po-shoⁿ-da-da (póšǫdadá) - make top heavy by thrusting at; ta-shoⁿ-da-da (tášǫdadá) - top heavy, unsteady by burning; naⁿ-te shoⁿ-da-da-zhi (ną́tte šǫ́dadáži) - stout hearted

Dhegiha: shoⁿ-tha (shoⁿthá) - spilled, upset and spilled, tipped over and spilled [Omaha/Ponca]; shoⁿ-shoⁿ-tha (shoⁿshóⁿtha) - loosened in its socket, as a fence post ot a tooth [Omaha/Ponca]; shoⁿ-shoⁿ-tha (shoⁿshoⁿtha) - limber [Omaha]; ba-shoⁿ-tha (bashoⁿtha) - pour, dump [Omaha]; ba-shoⁿ-tha (ba-shóⁿ-tha) - to spill water from a vessel, either by accident or on purpose [FL-Osage]; gi-shoⁿ-tha (gí-shóⁿ-tha) - to make loose, to droop or fall, loose jointed, broken [FL-Osage]; ga-shoⁿ-tha (ga-shóⁿ-tha) - to spill water from a vessel by striking against it [FL-Osage]

 

striking, wear down by striking

ka-to-ke (kattóke) - wear down by striking, to dull a-to-ke (áttoke) - I, da-to-ke (dáttoke) - you

cf. ka (ka) - by striking, by action of the wind or water; ba-to-ke (battóke) - wear away, wear out; bi-to-ke (bittóke) - wear away by rubbing or file; da-to-ke (dattóke) - dull, wear the teeth, blunt; di-to-ke (dittóke) - dull, blunt a tool; naⁿ-to-ke (nąttóke) - wear down by walking, as shoes; pa-to-ke (páttoke) - wear away a knife blade; po-to-ke (póttoke) - dull by punching, as a spear

 

string one’s bow

i-ki-kaⁿ-de (íkikką́de) - string one’s bow i-da-ki-kaⁿ-de (idákikką́de) - I, i-da-ki-kaⁿ-de (ídakikką́de) - you

cf. kaⁿ (kką), koⁿ (kkǫ) - root of a plant; sinew, string, line; maⁿ-te kaⁿ (mą́ttekką́) - bow string; i-kaⁿ-de (íkkąde) - lariat

ex: a-ki-na-zhiⁿ a-taⁿ i-ki-kaⁿ-de (a-ki-na-zhiⁿ a-taⁿ íkikką́de) - he trod on his own/and/he strung his own [JOD]

ex: maⁿ-te kʰe a-ki-na-zhiⁿ a-taⁿ i-ki-kaⁿ-de niⁿ i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-zhiⁿ-ke niⁿ (mą́tte kʰe ákinážį attą íkikką́de nį́ iyá maštį́ke ežį́ke nį) - and the Rabbit’s son was stringing his bow, it is said (when the bow is strung, it is bent with the foot, and the string put on the other end) [JOD]

Dhegiha: i-kaⁿ-le (íkaⁿle) - tie to or with, his word refers only to a bowstring [Kaw]; kaⁿ-le (káⁿle) - attach, as a bow string to a bow; tie a cord on, as a horse [Kaw]; i-kaⁿ-ye (íkaⁿye) - line, strap, lead [Kaw]; i-ki-ka-toⁿ (iki katoⁿ) - lash down, tie down [Omaha]; i-ʰkoⁿ-ʰtoⁿ (í-ḳoⁿ-ṭoⁿ) - to tie with a rope [FL-Osage]; ʰkoⁿ-ʰtoⁿ (ḳóⁿ-ṭoⁿ) - to tie, as with a string or cord [FL-Osage]

Dhegiha: koⁿ (koⁿ) - sinew, root, string [Omaha/Ponca]; koⁿ (koⁿ) - blood vessel, veins, artery, root, string [Omaha]; ʰkoⁿ (ʰkoⁿ) - a vein or blood vessel, roots of trees or plants, sinew [FL-Osage]; ʰkaⁿ (ʰką́), ʰkoⁿ (ʰkǫ́) - vein, artery, blood vessel [CQ-Osage]; k’aⁿ (kʔą) - root [CQ-Osage]; kaⁿ (kaⁿ) - vein, artery, root, sinew, string [Kaw]

 

string, bowstring

maⁿ-te kaⁿ (mą́ttekką́) - bow string

maⁿ-te kaⁿ (mok-teh-kōn) - bow string (corde d'arc) [GI]

maⁿ-te kaⁿ (móte kaⁿ) - bowstring [ASG]

cf. maⁿ-te (mą́tte) - bow; kaⁿ (kką), koⁿ (kkǫ) - root of a plant; sinew, string, line

Dhegiha: moⁿ-de koⁿ (móⁿdekoⁿ) - bowstring [Omaha/Ponca]; miⁿ-dse ʰkoⁿ (míⁿ-dse-ḳoⁿ) - bowstring, “bow sinew”, trigger [FL-Osage]; miⁿ-tse kaⁿ (mį́ceʰką) - bowstring, trigger [CQ-Osage]; miⁿ-je kaⁿ (míⁿje kaⁿ) - bowstring, trigger [Kaw]

 

string, pull a bowstring

maⁿ-te di-taⁿ (mą́tte dittą́) - pull a bowstring bdi-taⁿ (bdíttą) - I, ti-taⁿ (ttíttą) - you

cf. maⁿ-te (mą́tte) - bow; di-taⁿ (dittą́) - pull with the hands, tug; maⁿ di-taⁿ (mądíttą) - shoot, pull the bow

Dhegiha: moⁿ-de (móⁿde) - a bow [Omaha/Ponca]; maⁿ-de (mánde) - bow [JOD-Omaha]; miⁿ-dse (míⁿ-dse) - bow [FL-Osage]; miⁿ-tse (mį́ce) - bow [CQ-Osage]; miⁿ-je (míⁿje) - bow [Kaw]

Dhegiha: thi-daⁿ (¢idáⁿ) - pull [JOD-Omaha]; thi-doⁿ (thi-dóⁿ) - to pull with the hands; to tug [FL-Osage]; thi-taⁿ (ðiitą́) - pull; drag, tug [CQ-Osage]; yu-daⁿ (yudáⁿ) - pull on something with the hands, tug on something; drag something [Kaw]

 

string, sinew, line, root of a plant

koⁿ (kkǫ), kaⁿ (kką) - root of a plant; sinew, string, line

cf. zhaⁿ-kaⁿ (žą́kką) - root

ex: hoⁿ-be-koⁿ (hǫbékkǫ) - shoelaces, moccasin strings

ex: ma-kaⁿ (makką́) - medicine

ex: maⁿ-te kaⁿ (mąté-kką) - canoe string/rope [JOD]

ex: maⁿ-te kaⁿ niⁿ-kʰe a-ba-xe (mątté-kką nįkʰe ábaγé) - I cut the canoe string (with the hatchet) [JOD]

ex: maⁿ-te kaⁿ-de (mąté-kkąde) - canoe string/rope [JOD];

ex: maⁿ-te kaⁿ-de ka-ba-xe i-ya-we, iⁿ-spe zhi-ka e i-oⁿ ka-ba-xe i-ya-we (mątté-kkąde kabáγe iyáwe, į́spe žiká é iǫ́ kabáγe iyáwe) - she chopped the canoe string/rope in two, they say, using the hatchet she chopped the string/rope in two, they say [JOD]

ex: maⁿ-te-kaⁿ (mą́ttekką́) - bow string

ex: ta-kaⁿ (ttakką́) - thread, deer’s sinew

ex: wa-hi ko-ke kaⁿ (wahí kkóke kką́) - fishing line

ex: wa-pa-iⁿ kaⁿ (wappaį́ kką) - vein, artery

Dhegiha: kaⁿ (k͓aⁿ) - a root; sinew; muscle; a vein or artery; something used for tying [JOD-Omaha]; koⁿ (koⁿ) - blood vessel; neins [Omaha]; ʰkoⁿ (ḳoⁿ) - roots of trees or plants; a vein, or blood vessel [FL-Osage]; ʰkaⁿ (ʰką́), ʰkoⁿ (ʰkǫ́) - vein, artery, blood vessel [CQ-Osage]; kaⁿ (kaⁿ) - vein or artery, root [Kaw]

 

string, small string

wa-hi-oⁿ zhi-ka (wahíǫ žíka) - little rope, string [MS]

wa-hi-oⁿ zhiⁿ-ka (wahíǫ žį́ka), wa-hi-oⁿ zhi-ka (wahíǫ žíka) - small string

cf. wa-hi-oⁿ (wahíǫ) - string, thread, lariat; zhi-ka (žíka) - small, little; ni-ka wa-hi-oⁿ (níkka wahíǫ) - rope; ma-ze wa-hi-oⁿ o-na-x’oⁿ (máze wáhiǫ onáxʔǫ) - telegraph wire; ma-ze wa-hi-oⁿ o-na-x’oⁿ i-ka-xe (máze wáhiǫ onáxʔǫ ikáγe) - telegraph

 

string, split or pull off string

di-ste (disté) - split or pull off string bdi-ste (bdíste) - I, ti-ste (ttíste) - you

cf. di-ste-ste (distéste) - pull into shreds, slivers; ba-ste (basté) - cut into, gash; ba-ste-ste (bastéste) - cut to shreds, stab repeatedly; bi-ste (bisté) - split, gash; bi-ste-ste (bistéste) - split repeatedly, shred; da-ste (dasté) - split with teeth; da-ste-ste (dásteste) - chew into slivers; ka-ste (kasté) - gash, split something; ka-ste-ste (kastéste) - cut or beat to shreds/slivers; naⁿ-ste (nąsté) - kick a gash in something; naⁿ-ste-ste (nąstéste) - kick or tread to pieces; pa-ste (páste) - gash, cut with a knife blade; pa-ste-ste (pásteste) - cut to slivers, split often; po-ste (póste) - graze shooting and gash; po-ste-ste (pósteste) - shoot or punch to slivers

 

string, thread, lariat

wa-hi-oⁿ (wahíǫ) - string, thread, lariat

ex: wa-hi-oⁿ zhi-ka (wahíǫ žíka) - little rope, string [MS]

ex: wa-hi-oⁿ zhiⁿ-ka (wahíǫ žį́ka), wa-hi-oⁿ zhi-ka (wahíǫ žíka) - small string

ex: ni-ka wa-hi-oⁿ (níkka wahíǫ) - rope

ex: ma-ze wa-hi-oⁿ o-na-x’oⁿ (máze wáhiǫ onáxʔǫ) - telegraph wire

ex: ma-ze wa-hi-oⁿ o-na-x’oⁿ i-ka-xe (máze wáhiǫ onáxʔǫ ikáγe) - telegraph

 

strings, shoestrings, shoelaces, moccasin strings

hoⁿ-be-koⁿ (hǫbékkǫ) - shoelaces, moccasin strings

cf. hoⁿ-be (hǫbé), hoⁿ-pe (hǫpé) - shoes, moccasins; koⁿ (kkǫ), kaⁿ (kką) - root of a plant; sinew, string, line

Dhegiha: hiⁿ-be koⁿ (hiⁿbékoⁿ) - moccasin strings [Omaha/Ponca]; hiⁿ-be goⁿ (hiⁿbe goⁿ), hiⁿ-be koⁿ (hiⁿbe koⁿ) - shoelace [Omaha]; hoⁿ-be ʰkoⁿ (hoⁿ-be ḳoⁿ) - moccasin or shoe string [FL-Osage]

Dhegiha: koⁿ (koⁿ) - sinew, root, string [Omaha/Ponca]; koⁿ (koⁿ) - blood vessel, veins, artery, root, string [Omaha]; ʰkoⁿ (ʰkoⁿ) - a vein or blood vessel, roots of trees or plants, sinew [FL-Osage]; ʰkaⁿ (ʰką́), ʰkoⁿ (ʰkǫ́) - vein, artery, blood vessel [CQ-Osage]; k’aⁿ (kʔą) - root [CQ-Osage]; kaⁿ (kaⁿ) - vein, artery, root, sinew, string [Kaw]

 

strip off, as leaves

di-ka (diká) - strip off, as leaves bdi-ka (bdíka) - I, ti-ka (ttíka) - you

Dhegiha: thi-ga (thigá) - to pull the husk from an ear of corn; to husk corn [Omaha/Ponca]; thi-ga (thi-gá) - to husk corn [FL-Osage]; yu-ga (yugá) - husk corn, shell nuts [Kaw]

Dhegiha: wa-thi-ga (wathi ga) - husk corn [Omaha]; wa-thi-ga (wa-thí-ga), wa-thu-ga (wa-thú-ga) - to husk corn [FL-Osage]

 

strip one’s clothing off

wa-di-ha-ki-zhi (wadíhakkíži) - strip one’s clothing off wa-di-ha-a-ki-zhi (wadíhaakkíži) - I, wa-di-ha-da-ki-zhi (wadíhadakkíži) - you, wa-di-ha-oⁿ-ki-zhi-we (wadíhaǫ́kkižiwe) - we

cf. di-ha-knaⁿ (dihákną) - take off, remove a garment

 

striped

kde-ze (kdezé) - striped

cf. kde-za-za (kdezáza) - striped in rows; di-kde-ze (díkdeze) - make grooves; to make striped

ex: ke kde-ze (kké kdéze) - striped land turtle; terrapin

ex: pi-de kde-ze hi (ppíde kdéze hi) - red oak, lit. “striped tree”

Dhegiha: gthe-ze (gthéze) - striped [Omaha/Ponca]; gthe-ze (gtheze) - striped [Omaha]

gthe-ze (gthe-çé) - striped [FL-Osage]; le-ze (léze) - striped, lined [CQ-Osage]; le-ze (lezé) - striped [Kaw]

 

striped in rows

kde-za-za (kdezáza) - striped in rows

cf. kde-ze (kdezé) - striped

Dhegiha: gthe-za-za (gthezáza) - striped, streaked, figured, striped or streaked in many places; figured striped, as calico or dimity [Omaha/Ponca]; gthe-za-za (gthe-çá-ça) - striped (in parts) [FL-Osage]; le-za-za (lezáza) - striped here and there or with many stripes [Kaw]

Dhegiha: gthe-ze (gthéze) - striped [Omaha/Ponca]; gthe-ze (gtheze) - striped [Omaha]

gthe-ze (gthe-çé) - striped [FL-Osage]; le-ze (léze) - striped, lined [CQ-Osage]; le-ze (lezé) - striped [Kaw]

 

striped land turtle

ke kde-ze (kké kdéze) - striped land turtle

ke kde-ze (kké kdéze) - turtle, terrapin [MS]

cf. ke (kke) - turtle; kde-ze (kdezé) - striped

Dhegiha: ke gthe-ze (kégtheçe) - tortoise, striped turtle [Omaha]; ʰke gthe-ze (ḳe-gthé-çe) - box turtle, “striped turtle” [FL-Osage]; ke le-ze (kè léze) - striped turtle, a land turtle, the male of which has red eyes [Kaw]

 

striped tree, red oak

pi-de kde-ze hi (ppíde kdéze hi) - red oak, lit. “striped tree”

cf. pi-de (ppíde) - acorn, acorns; kde-ze (kdezé) - striped; hi (hi) - tree, bush, vine, stalk, leg

Dhegiha: bu-de hi (búde hi) - red oak [Omaha]; ʰpi-si hi (p̣i-çí hi) - red oak tree (Quercus rubra) [FL-Osage]; ʰpi-su hu (ʰpisúhu) - oak, lit., “acorn tree” [CQ-Osage]; pu-su hu (pusúhu) - jack oak, a species that bears smallest acorns [Kaw]

 

striped, to make striped

di-kde-ze (díkdeze) - make grooves; to make striped

cf. di (di) - by hand, pulling; cause by using the hands; kde-ze (kdezé) - striped

ex: maⁿ di-kde-ze (mą díkdeze) - groove in an arrow shaft

Dhegiha: thi-gthe-ze (thigthéze) - to make striped by drawing something over or across an object [Omaha/Ponca]; thi-gthe-ze (thi-gthé-çe) - to draw stripes [FL-Osage]; yu-le-ze (yuléze) - striped, draw stripes on; to make striped by drawing something over or across an object [Kaw]

Dhegiha: moⁿ thu-gthe-ze (móⁿ-thu-gthe-çe) - the grooves made in an arrow shaft [FL-Osage]; maⁿ yu-le-ze (máⁿ yuléze) - groove in an arrow shaft, screw of any sort [Kaw]

Dhegiha: u-thi-gthe-ze (uthígtheze) - screw [Omaha/Ponca]; u-thi-gthe-ze (uthígtheçe) - screw [Omaha]

 

stripped to the waist

do-ka-niⁿ (dokkánį), to-ka-niⁿ (tokkánį) - naked to the waist; stripped to the waist aⁿ-to-ka-ni (ątókkani) - I’m, di-to-ka-ni (ditókkani) - you’re

ex: to-ka-ni o-zha (tokkáni óža) - war dance, “no shirt dance” [MS]

ex: zho do-ka-niⁿ hi (žó dokkánį hí) - naked, nude

ex: i-ti-knaⁿ naⁿ-hi i-ti-knaⁿ pa naⁿ ni-ka naⁿ-haⁿ ke, do-ka-ni hi pa naⁿ (ittíkną ną́hi ittíkną pá ną níkka nąhą́ ke, dokkáni hi pá ną) - the grown men only wore a breach cloth, they were naked to the waist (no shirt) [JOD]

ex: si do-ka-niⁿ (si dókkanį́) - to be barefoot

Dhegiha: nu-ka-thiⁿ (nuká¢iⁿ) - naked, stripped to the waist [JOD-Omaha]; tho-ʰka-thiⁿ (tho-ḳá-thiⁿ), thu-ʰka-thiⁿ (thú-ḳa-thiⁿ), nu-ʰka-thiⁿ (nu-ḳa-thiⁿ) - stripped to the waist; nude, naked [FL-Osage]; yo-ka-yiⁿ (yokáyiⁿ) - naked, stripped to the waist [Kaw]

Dhegiha: ha thu-ka-thiⁿ-i (há¢uká¢iⁿi) - naked [JOD-Omaha]; ha thu-ga-thiⁿ (ha thúgathiⁿ) - naked, nude, bare [Omaha]

 

strips, slice meat into thin strips on something

a-ka (áka) - cut (slice) on something; slice meat into thin strips on something a-a-ka (áaka) - I, a-da-ka (ádaka) - you, oⁿ-ka-ka-we (ǫ́kakawe) - we

Dhegiha: a-ga (á-ga) - to cut an object into thin slices or strips on something [JOD-Omaha]; wa-ga (wága) - of a-ga (aga), to cut meat into slices [Omaha/Ponca]; a-ga (á-ga) - to slice meat for drying [FL-Osage]

 

strong or extreme urge to

ti-aⁿ a-ta-ha (tią́ áttaha) - strong or extreme urge to

cf. ti-aⁿ (tią́) - to feel like, somewhat; a-ta-ha (áttaha) - too, exceedingly, much, very, often, always

ex: a-te-zhe ti-aⁿ a-ta-ha (atéže tią́ attahá) - I urinate/felt an inclination/exceedingly [JOD]

ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ e-kaⁿ niⁿ haⁿ-pa haⁿ-ke taⁿ a-te-zhe ti-aⁿ a-ta-ha (kóišǫ́ttą éką nį hąp͓á hąke tą́ atéže tią́ attahá) - so then it was almost day when I had a strong urge to urinate [JOD]

 

strong smell, offensive smell

zaⁿ-ze (zą́ze) - offensive smell, strong smell

ex: to-si zaⁿ-ze (tosí zą́ze) - armpit odor

ex: zaⁿ-ze hi! (zązé hi!) - offensive odor/very [JOD]

ex: zaⁿ-ze hi! (zązé hi!) - you very malodorous one! [JOD]

Dhegiha: zaⁿ-ze (záⁿ-ze) - applicable to the strong odor of a negro, goat, buck, or that of a male of the black-tailed deer during the rutting season [JOD-Omaha]; zoⁿ-ze (zóⁿze) - musky, smelly [Omaha/Ponca]; zoⁿ-ze (zoⁿze) - stink [Omaha]; zaⁿ-zi (zą́zi) - sour odor, acrid smell (such as armpit odor or onion smell [CQ-Osage]

 

strong, be strong, with an effort, all one’s might

wa-shkaⁿ (wašką́) - strong, be strong, with an effort, all one’s might a-wa-shkaⁿ (awášką) - I, da-wa-shkaⁿ (dawášką) - you

wa-shkaⁿ (wašką́) - strong [ASG]

cf. wa-shkaⁿ-hi (wašką́hi), wa-shkoⁿ-hi (waškǫ́hi) - hard, with great effort; wa-shkoⁿ-hi a-ki-di-taⁿ (waškǫ́hi ákkidittą́) - to pull hard on; wa-shkaⁿ-hi ka-xe (wašką́hi káγe) - strengthen, make strong; wa-shkaⁿ taⁿ-ka (wašką́ttąka) - powerful, all-powerful

ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ a-shi toⁿ-we-ki-ki shoⁿ-niⁿ wa-shkaⁿ kde shoⁿ-niⁿ hi-pʰe i-ya-we (kóišǫ́ttą áši tǫ́wekikí šǫ-nį́ wašką́ kdé šǫ-nį́ hipʰé iyáwe) - then she looked back at him repeatedly as she tried with all her might to get home, she fell, they say [JOD]

ex: wa-shkaⁿ pʰi maⁿ-te kʰe-ti (wášką pʰí mątté kʰettí) - I was trying with all my effort to reach there, to the canoe [JOD]

ex: taⁿ-niⁿ wa-shkaⁿ kde (ttą́nį wašką́ kdé) - running with all her might, she went home [JOD]

ex: taⁿ-niⁿ wa-shkaⁿ a-kde maⁿ-te kʰe-ti (ttą́nį wášką akdé mątté kʰettí) - running with all my might, I started back to the canoe [JOD]

ex: e-ta hi ki taⁿ, a-ki-ta taⁿ taⁿ-niⁿ wa-shkaⁿ, a-kde maⁿ-te e-ti (étta hí kí tą, akítta tą ttą́nį wášką, akdé mątté ettí) - when he reached there, I rose and running with all my might, I started back to the canoe [JOD]

ex: i-e wa-shkaⁿ-hi aⁿ-da-ki-de (íe wašką́hi ą́dakide) - make loud talking (talk louder to me) [MS]

Dhegiha: wa-shkaⁿ (wa-ckáⁿ) - an effort, attempt; to make an effort or attempt; to persevere; to be active, play a prominent part  [JOD-Omaha]; wa-shkoⁿ (washkoⁿ) - energy [Omaha]; wa-shkoⁿ (wa-shkóⁿ) - strength, might, force, power, to struggle hard, effort, to make an effort [FL-Osage]; wa-shkaⁿ (waašką́) - try hard, do one's best, make an effort, struggle, strength, might, force, power [CQ-Osage]; wa-shkaⁿ (washkáⁿ) - try, do one’s best, make an effort [Kaw]

 

strong, make strong

wa-shkaⁿ-hi ka-xe (wašką́hi káγe) - strengthen, make strong

cf. wa-shkaⁿ (wašką́) - strong, be strong; wa-shkaⁿ-hi (wašką́hi), wa-shkoⁿ-hi (waškǫ́hi) - hard, with great effort; wa-shkoⁿ-hi a-ki-di-taⁿ (waškǫ́hi ákkidittą́) - to pull hard on; wa-shkaⁿ taⁿ-ka (wašką́ttąka) - powerful, all-powerful; wa-shkaⁿ taⁿ-ka (wa-ckáⁿ táñ-k͓a) - a nickname of te zhi-ka (tejik͓a) of the Buffalo gens; All Powerful [JOD]

Dhegiha: wa-shkoⁿ-hi (washkóⁿhi) - Strength (of Thunder), name [Omaha]

Dhegiha: wa-shkaⁿ (wa-ckaⁿ) - to make an effort or attempt; to persevere; an effort, attempt [JOD-Omaha]; wa-shkoⁿ (washkoⁿ) - energy [Omaha]; wa-shkoⁿ (wa-shkóⁿ) - strength, might, force, power, to struggle hard, effort, to make an effort [FL-Osage]; wa-shkaⁿ (waašką́) - try hard, do one’s best, make an effort, struggle, strength, might, force, power [CQ-Osage]; wa-shkaⁿ (washkáⁿ) - try, do one's best, make an effort [Kaw]

 

struggle kicking

o-naⁿ-sha-sha (oną́šaša) - struggle kicking o-a-naⁿ-sha-sha (oánąšaša) - I, o-da-naⁿ-sha-sha (odánąšaša) - you

cf. naⁿ (naⁿ) - by action of the foot

 

stubby, short

te-shka (ttešká) - short, stubby

ex: ma-ze te-shka (mazé ttéška) - pistol

ex: bi-te-shka (bittešká) - press down, rub down

ex: da-te-shka (dattešká) - bite off, shorten

ex: di-te-shka (dittešká), (dittéška) - shorten, cut short, saw off

ex: ka-te-shka (kattešká) - shorten by chopping of

ex: pa-te-shka (pátteška) - cut short with a knife

ex: po-te-shka (pótteška) - shorten by shooting or punching

ex: ta-te-shka (tátteška) - shorten by burning, burn off

ta-te-shka-de (tátteškade) - shorten by burning, burn off

Dhegiha: te-shka (téshka), che-shka (chéshka), chʰe-shka (chʰéshka) - short [Omaha/Ponca]; je-shka (jéshka) - short [Omaha]; ʰtse-shka (ṭse shka) - short, stunted [FL-Osage]

 

stuck or mired in mud

o-ka-kdo (okákdo) - become mired or stuck in mud

cf. ma-ni-ka o-ka-kdo (maníkka okákdo) - quicksand; kdo-kdo (kdókdo) - slimy, muddy, ropy, viscous; we-ka-kdo-kdo (wékakdókdo) - gravy; di-kdo-kdo (dikdókdó) - mash, make mushy; wa-zhoⁿ-ke ski-de kdo-kdo (wažǫ́ke skíde kdókdo) - molasses, syrup, “ropy sugar”; wa-zhoⁿ-ke ski-de kdo-kdo (wažǫ́ke skíde kdókdo) - syrup [OM]; a-be-di-kno-kno (ahpeh-dihknokenoh) - cabbage (choux) [GI]; a-be-jhi-ʰnoⁿ-ʰnoⁿ (abeǰíʰnǫʰnǫ) - cabbage [AG, OM]

ex: o-ka-kdo niⁿ (okákdo nį́) - he sank in the hole [JOD]

 

stuff, things, people, folks, they, them

wa (wa) - things, stuff, people, folks, they, them

Dhegiha: wa (wa) - a syllable used in different ways: a fragment pronoun denoting the plural animate objects, them, of verbs; a fragment pronoun denoting the plural animate objects of verbs in a; a sign of the subject of an action [Omaha/Ponca]; wa (wa) - things; a thing which; thing [FL-Osage]; wa (wa) -things, stuff; people, folks; they; them [CQ-Osage]; wa (wa) - “them”: plural object marker [Kaw]

 

stumble and fall, to trip

hi-pʰe (hipʰé) - fall, to stumble and fall, to trip a-hi-pʰe (ahipʰé) - I

ex: a-hi-pʰe (ahipʰé) - I fell down [JOD]

ex: a-shi a-toⁿ-we taⁿ a-hi-pʰe, maⁿ-da hi a-zhaⁿ, wa-tʰe aⁿ-ka-ze hi kaⁿ hi a-zhaⁿ, e-shoⁿ t’e paⁿ-ze miⁿ-kʰe (áši atǫ́we tą ahipʰé, mąda hí ažą́, watʰé ąkaze hí ką́ hi ažą́, éšǫ́ tʔe ppą́ze mįkʰe) - when I looked back I fell down, I laid there on my back, my dress flew up on me, so I laid there pretending to be dead [JOD]

ex: hi-pʰe (hipʰé) - she fell [JOD]

ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ a-shi toⁿ-we-ki-ki shoⁿ-niⁿ wa-shkaⁿ kde shoⁿ-niⁿ hi-pʰe, i-ya-we (kóišǫ́ttą áši tǫ́wekikí šǫ-nį́ wašką́ kdé šǫ-nį́ hipʰé, iyáwe) - then she looked back at him repeatedly as she tried with all her might to get home, she fell, they say [JOD]

ex: hi-pʰe kʰe (hipʰé kʰé) - she fell/the reclining object = she lay [JOD]

ex: hi-pʰe kʰe taⁿ hi, i-ya-we (hipʰé kʰé tą hí, iyáwe) - she had fallen when he arrived, they say [JOD]

Dhegiha: hi-pshe (hí-pshe) - to stumble and fall, to trip [FL-Osage]; hi-pshe (hípše) - stumble and fall [CQ-Osage]; hi-phe (híphe) - fall down [Kaw]

 

stump of a tree

zhaⁿ paⁿ-haⁿ (žą́ ppą́hą) - stump of a tree

cf. zhoⁿ (žǫ́), zhaⁿ (žą) wood, tree

 

subsequently, thence

e-ti-tʰaⁿ (ettítʰą), e-ti-taⁿ (ettítą) - thence, subsequently [JOD]

ex: e-ti-tʰaⁿ wa-x’o zhi-ka niⁿ di-sh’a (ettítʰą waxʔó žiká nį dišʔá) - then the old woman gave out [JOD]

ex: e-ti-tʰaⁿ i-naⁿ-pa niⁿ di-sh’a (ettítʰą ínąp͓á nį dišʔá) - then the second one gave out [JOD]

ex: e-ti-tʰaⁿ i-da-bniⁿ di-sh’a (ettítʰą ídabnį dišʔá) - then the third one gave out [JOD]

ex: “wi-taⁿ-niⁿ hi wa-te-paⁿ ta miⁿ-kʰe, e-ti-tʰaⁿ o-kda-x’a-x’a-we ka!” i-we-ke i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke tʰaⁿ (wíttąnį hi wattéppą́ tta mįkʰé ettítʰą okdáxʔaxʔá-we ká iwéke iyá maštį́ke tʰą) - “I will give the attack cry first, immediately afterward you must give the scalp yell,” the rabbit said to them, it is said (they say) [JOD]

Dhegiha: e-di-taⁿ (edítaⁿ) - thence [JOD-Omaha]; e-dsi-toⁿ (e-dsí-toⁿ) - thence; from that place [FL-Osage]

 

substance, apply substance like salve

i-di-shki (ídiški) - apply substance like salve i-bdi-shki (íbdiški) - I, i-ti-shki (íttiški) - you

 

substance, mix sticky substance with hands

di-ske (diské) - mix sticky substance with hands bdi-ske (bdíske) - I, ti-ske (ttíske) - you

 

substitute, work as a substitute

ki-ti-zho (kíttižo) - work as a substitute a-ti-zho (áttižo) - I, da-ti-zho (dáttižo) - you

cf. di-zho (dižó) - work, hire oneself out

 

succession, one after another in quick succession

a-ki-kde-kde (ákkikdekde) - one after another in quick succession, e.g. shots, events

ex: a-ki-kde-kde ki-te (ákkikdekde kkítte) - to shoot at in quick succession, fire a volley

 

succession, pull out one’s own in quick succession

wa-kdi-sti-sti-te (wákdistístitte) - pull out one’s own in quick succession

kdi-sti-sti-te (kdístistítte) - pull out one’s own repeatedly, as arrows from a quiver

cf. kdi-sti-te (kdístitte) - pull out one’s own (bow, etc.); di-sti-te (distítte) - pull out, pull open, to milk; ma-ze-ni di-sti-te (mazéni distítte) - to milk an animal

ex: wa-kdi-sti-sti-te (wákdistístitte) - pulling out his own in quick succession [JOD]

ex: e-shoⁿ maⁿ wa-kdi-sti-sti-te ki naⁿ (ešǫ́ mą́ wákdistístitte kí ną) - and as he was coming, he was pulling out his arrows, one after another [JOD]

Dhegiha: gthi-sniⁿ-sniⁿ-de (g¢ís͓niⁿs͓nińde) - to pull out one after another of his own aroows, etc.; pulled out several off his own [JOD-Omaha]; gthi-sniⁿ-de (g¢ísninde) - pulled his out [JOD-Omaha]

 

succession, to shoot at in quick succession

a-ki-kde-kde ki-te (ákkikdekde kkítte) - to shoot at in quick succession; fire a volley

cf. a-ki-kde-kde (ákkikdekde) - one after another in quick succession, e.g. shots, events; indirectly, not even second hand; ki-te (kkítte) - shoot at something; to shoot; o-ki-kde-kde (ókikdékde) - set up in a row [JOD]; a-ki-kde-kde a-na-x’oⁿ (ákkikdekde anáxʔǫ) - I heard it indirectly

 

such and such, expresses uncertainty

te te (tte tté) - such and such, expresses uncertainty, hoⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ te te (hǫnį́ttą tte tté)

cf. e-te te (étte tté) - perhaps, maybe; wi-e te-te (wíettetté) - I or whoever was meant

ex: a-te-zhe naⁿ, “ta-taⁿ ke aⁿ-te-zhe hi-de, mi-ka-x’e aⁿ-te-zhe hi-de e-te te,” i-ye (atéže ną, “táttą ke ą́teže hidé, mikkáxʔe ą́teže hidé étte tte,” iyé) - when I urinated, “what is this urinating on me, I wonder if it’s the stars urinating on me,” he said [JOD]

ex: koi ta-taⁿ te-zha-i ke, mi-ka-x’e aⁿ-te-zha-i ke e-te te (kói ttátą téžai ké, mikkáxʔe ątežai ke étte tte) - what is that urinating, I wonder if the stars are urinating one me' (JOD)]

ex: i-shpa-haⁿ-we a, e-te-te (íšpahąwé a, étte tte) - do you’all know? I wonder. [JOD]

ex: iⁿ-ta-te, toⁿ ha-ki e-hi-te e-ti niⁿ-kʰa-zhi hi taⁿ kaⁿ-aⁿ-niⁿ-kʰe e-te te (įttátte, ttǫ́ hakí ehitté ettí nįkʰaží hi tą́ ką-ąnį́kʰe étte tté) - father, is there not a village anywhere, I wonder if we are alone [JOD]

ex: e-ti a-shka hi ti-kde e-ti-tʰaⁿ-zhi e-te te (étti ašká hi ttíkde ettítʰąží étte tté) - I wonder, is there not a lodge very near [JOD]

Dhegiha: tʰe-iⁿ-tʰe (tʰéiⁿtʰe) - perhaps; probably; it may be; in spoke questions, should [Omaha/Ponca]; e-iⁿ-te (éiⁿtʰe) - if, perhaps, maybe [Omaha/Ponca]

 

sucker fish

ho bdo-ka (ho bdóka) - sucker, lit. “round fish”

cf. ho (ho) - fish; bdo-ka (bdóka) - circular, round, whole, entire

Dhegiha: hu bthu-ga (hubthúga) - round fish [Omaha/Ponca]

 

suckle

ma-ze k’i (mazé kʔí) - to suckle

cf. ma-ze (mazé) - breast; k’i (kʔi) - give something to someone

ex: ma-ze k’i (mazé kʔí) - breast/give to her [JOD]

ex: “ma-ze k’i,” i-he (“mazé kʔí,” ihé) - I said, “let her suckle” [JOD]

ex: ma-ze k’i, xa-ke niⁿ-kʰe (mazé kʔí, γaké nįkʰé) - let her suckle, she’s crying [JOD]

Dhegiha: ba-ze k’i (ba-çé-k’i) - to act of a mother suckling her child [FL-Osage]

 

ma-ze (mazé) - suck at the breast a-ma-ze (amaze) - I, da-ma-ze (damáze) - you

ma-ze (mazé) - breast

Dhegiha: ma-ze iⁿ (mazéiⁿ) - to use the breasts; to suck, as infants or the young of animals such the breasts of the mother [Omaha/Ponca]; moⁿ-ze iⁿ (moⁿçe iⁿ) - breast feed [Omaha]; ba-ze iⁿ (ba-çé iⁿ) - a child suckling at its mother’s breast [FL-Osage]

Dhegiha: ma-ze (mazé) - the female breasts; the udder of a cow, etc. [Omaha/Ponca]; moⁿ-ze (moⁿze) - breast [Omaha]; moⁿ-ze (moⁿ-çé) - a woman’s breast [FL-Osage]; ba-ze (ba-çé) - a woman’s breast; udder [FL-Osage]; pa-ze (paazé) - breast, udder [CQ-Osage]; ba-ze (bazé) - breast [Kaw]

 

sudden, make sudden leaps

zha-ka i-naⁿ-naⁿ (žakká iną́ną), zha-ko-i-naⁿ-naⁿ (žakkoinąną) - jump, make sudden leaps

cf. zha-koi-de (žakkóide), (žakoide) - jump; zha-ka i-de (žákka íde), zha-koi-de (žakóide) - jump a rope; i-naⁿ-naⁿ (iną́ną) - unsteady, ungainly; suddenly and often

ex: zha-ko-i-naⁿ-naⁿ (žakóiną́ną) - he leaped often, or each time [JOD]

ex: zha-ko-i-naⁿ-na ka-xe (žakkóinąną́ kaγé) - make a horse prance

ex: zha-ka i-naⁿ-naⁿ (žakká iną́ną) - leaping at intervals [JOD]

ex: ma-shtiⁿ-ke zha-ka i-naⁿ-naⁿ shoⁿ kniⁿ naⁿ, i-ya (maštį́ke žakká iną́ną šǫ knį́ ną, i-ya) - Rabbit jumped about continually, it is said [JOD]

 

sudden, repeat a sudden action

tʰi-kda-kda (tʰíkdakdá) - repeat a sudden action

cf. tʰi-kde (tʰikdé) - become suddenly; tʰi-he (tʰihé) - becomes in a lg. line; to have become suddenly; tʰi-de (tʰidé) - pass by, come forth at birth, to begin suddenly; tʰi-da-da (tʰidáda) - start now and then to do something

ex: i-ye tʰi-kda-kda-pa (íye tʰíkdakdá-ppa) - to speak/they begin suddenly now and then/the ones who [JOD]

ex: “e-ska, wi-zhiⁿ-ke, shi-zhi-ka o-ki-ki-e i-ye tʰi-kda-kda-pa e-koⁿ kaⁿ,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“éska, wižį́ke, šižíka okkíkkie íye tʰíkdakdá-ppa ekǫ́ kką,” iyí iyá maštį́ke) - “oh my son I hope that you become like children who begin to talk, saying words here and there, not speaking plainly or connectedly,” it is said Rabbit said [JOD]

Dhegiha: tʰi-gtha-gtha (tʰigthágtha) - denotes sudden action at intervals [Omaha/Ponca]

Dhegiha: tʰi-gthe (tʰígthe) - expressive of sudden action; used after other verbs [Omaha/Ponca]; ʰtsi-gthe (ṭsi-gthé) - denoting sudden action; sudden; suddenly [FL-Osage]

 

sudden, sign of sudden effect

i-naⁿ (iną́) - sign of sudden effect, sent. final

ex: i-naⁿ (iną́) - it alighted suddenly [JOD]

ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ iⁿ-tʰiⁿ de-de naⁿ ka-xo-wa-de i-naⁿ, i-ya-we (kóišǫ́ttą į́tʰį déde ną kaxówade iną́, iyáwe) - then he threw the club/stick, when it alighted suddenly making the sound “po” from hitting the ground, they say [JOD]

ex: i-naⁿ (iną́) - suddenly (personat) [JOD]

ex: hoⁿ-zhi, wi-ti-mi, wi-e-taⁿ aⁿ-na-xi-da shtaⁿ i-naⁿ (hǫží, wíttimí, wiéhittą́ ąnáγida štą́ iną́) - Nonsense, my aunt (my father’s sister), even I am often scared [JOD]

 

suddenly

na-xi-da-hi (náxidáhi), na-xi-bda-hi (náxibdáhi) - suddenly

ex: na-xi-da-hi aⁿ-haⁿ-naⁿ-pa-ze (náxidahi ą́hąnąppáze) - it got dark around me suddenly

Dhegiha:i-e-na-xi-tha (iénaxítha), i-e-na-xi-the (iénaxíthe) - to attack one, to make a sudden dash or swoop on one; to pursue a buffalo; to make a sudden lash on the buffalo; the true idea seems to be this: to make a sudden dash, swoop, raid, or incursion on foes [Omaha/Ponca]

 

suddenly and often

i-naⁿ-naⁿ (iną́ną) - suddenly and often [JOD]

i-naⁿ-naⁿ (iną́ną) - unsteady, ungainly

ex: zha-ka i-naⁿ-naⁿ (žakká iną́ną), zha-ko-i-naⁿ-naⁿ (žakkoinąną) - jump, make sudden leaps

ex: zha-ko-i-naⁿ-naⁿ (žakóiną́ną) - he leaped often, or each time [JOD]

ex: zha-ko-i-naⁿ-na ka-xe (žakkóinąną́ kaγé) - make a horse prance

ex: zha-ka i-naⁿ-naⁿ (žakká iną́ną) - leaping at intervals [JOD]

ex: ma-shtiⁿ-ke zha-ka i-naⁿ-naⁿ shoⁿ kniⁿ naⁿ, i-ya (maštį́ke žakká iną́ną šǫ knį́ ną, i-ya) - Rabbit jumped about continually, it is said [JOD]

 

suddenly, become suddenly

tʰi-kde (tʰikdé) - become suddenly

cf. tʰi-kda-kda (tʰíkdakdá) - repeat a sudden action; tʰi-he (tʰihé) - becomes in a lg. line; to have become suddenly; tʰi-de (tʰidé) - pass by, come forth at birth, to begin suddenly; tʰi-da-da (tʰidáda) - start now and then to do something

ex: tʰi-kde (tʰikdé) - became suddenly [JOD]

ex: e-shoⁿ e-koⁿ xti tʰi-kde naⁿ, iya (ešǫ́ ekǫ́ xtí tʰikdé ną, iyá) - then suddenly it became just like that (as Rabbit had hoped), it is said [JOD]

Dhegiha: tʰi-gthe (tʰígthe) - expressive of sudden action; used after other verbs [Omaha/Ponca]; ʰtsi-gthe (ṭsi-gthé) - denoting sudden action; sudden; suddenly [FL-Osage]

 

suddenly, lift or pull up suddenly

di-ha-ta de-de (dihátta déde) - lift, pull up suddenly bdi-ha-ta de-a-de (bdíhatta déade) - I, ti-ha-ta de-da-de (ttíhatta dédade) - you

cf. di-ha-ta (díhattá) - lift something; de-de (déde) - sent away, causative of go; suddenly, forcibly; ba-ha-ta (bahattá) - pick up with pointed object; ba-ha-ta de-de (bahátta déde) - brush aside; bi-ha-ta de-de (bihátta déde) - lever, weight, press on end; ka-ha-ta de-de (kahátta déde) - knock aside, turn aside; naⁿ-ha-ta de-de (nąhátta déde) - lift with the foot; po-ha-ta de-de (póhatta déde) - poke something in order to lift it

 

suddenly, push or shove suddenly

ba-xi de-de (baxí dedé) - push, shove suddenly, forcibly pa-xi da-a-de (ppáxi déade) - I, shpa-xi de-da-de (špáxi dédade) - you

cf. ba-xi (baxí) - push off balance, shove; de-de (déde) - sent away, causative of go; suddenly, forcibly; ba-xi-hi a-de (baxíhi ade) - knock off, push off

ex: ba-xi de-de (baxí dedé) - he pushed him aside suddenly [JOD]

Dhegiha: ba-xi (ba-xí) - to arouse one from sleep by pushing [FL-Osage]; pa-xi (paaɣí) - push to awaken or make active, activate by pushing on [CQ-Osage]; ba-xi (baxí) - rouse by nudging [Kaw]

Dhegiha: the-the (théthe) - to cause to go; to send off an object; used as an auxiliary verb [Omaha/Ponca]; the-the (thethé) - to go this way (in his own footprints, made previously) [Omaha/Ponca]; the-the (the the) - start; send [Omaha]; the-the (¢é¢ĕ) - send suddenly [JOD-Omaha]; the-the (thé-the) - to send; to transmit [FL-Osage]; the-the (ðéeðe) - make go, cause to go; send; mail [CQ-Osage]; ye-ye (yéye) - auxiliary verb indicating sudden movement or forceful action; far off, in the distance [Kaw]

 

suddenly, throw away suddenly

oⁿ-de de-de (ǫ́de déde) - throw away suddenly oⁿ-bde de-a-de (ǫ́bde déadé) - I, oⁿ-te de-da-de (ǫ́tte dédadé) - you

cf. oⁿ-de (ǫdé) - throw away, abandon, leave; de-de (déde) - sent away, causative of go; suddenly, forcibly

ex: oⁿ-de-de (ǫ́dedé) - threw off suddenly [JOD]

ex: ta-to-ka niⁿ-kʰe he-be oⁿ-de-de naⁿ, i-ya maⁿ-tʰo (ttatókka nįkʰé hébe ǫ́dedé ną, iyá mątʰó) - Grizzly bear suddenly threw the piece of fresh meat (towards Rabbit), it is said [JOD]

ex: oⁿ-da de-da-we (ǫ́da dédawe) - they threw it away [JOD]

Dhegiha: oⁿ-tha the-the (óⁿtha théthe) - to throw, toss, fling away [Omaha/Ponca]; oⁿ-tha the-the (oⁿtha thethe) - throw; toss, cast [Omaha]; oⁿ-tha i-the-the (óⁿ-tha i-the-the) - to fling or to toss [FL-Osage]; oⁿ-ye ye-ye (óⁿye yéye) - to throw an object [Kaw]

Dhegiha: oⁿ-tha (oⁿtha) - to forsake, abandon, leave, throw away [Omaha/Ponca]; oⁿ-tha (oⁿtha) - oust; discard; abandon; discharge; disqualify; desert; abandoned [Omaha]; oⁿ-tha (óⁿ-tha) - to throw away; to dispense [FL-Osage]; oⁿ-tha (ǫ́ǫða) - throw away, throw, leave or quit someone, discard someone or something, toss out [CQ-Osage]; oⁿ-the (ǫ́ǫðe) - throw away, discard, leave behind, remove, as from office; quite someone, divorce or separate from [CQ-Osage]; oⁿ-ye (óⁿye) - leave, throw away, abandon, forsake [Kaw]

Dhegiha: the-the (théthe) - to cause to go; to send off an object; used as an auxiliary verb [Omaha/Ponca]; the-the (thethé) - to go this way (in his own footprints, made previously) [Omaha/Ponca]; the-the (the the) - start; send [Omaha]; the-the (¢é¢ĕ) - send suddenly [JOD-Omaha]; the-the (thé-the) - to send; to transmit [FL-Osage]; the-the (ðéeðe) - make go, cause to go; send; mail [CQ-Osage]; ye-ye (yéye) - auxiliary verb indicating sudden movement or forceful action; far off, in the distance [Kaw]

 

suddenly, throw something at someone suddenly

ki-oⁿ-de de-de (kiǫ́de déde) - throw something at someone suddenly

cf. oⁿ-de de-de (ǫ́de déde) - throw away suddenly; oⁿ-de (ǫdé) - throw away, abandon, leave; de-de (déde) - sent away, causative of go; suddenly, forcibly

ex: ki-oⁿ-de de-de (kíǫde déde) - he threw it suddenly towards his relation

ex: ki-oⁿ-de de-de naⁿ, t’e-xti hi zhaⁿ i-ya sni-wa-te (kíǫde déde ną́, tʔéxti hi žą́ iyá sniwátte) - when he threw it (the head) at him (Winter), Winter laid there stone cold dead, it is said [JOD]

ex: kdi-ze naⁿ ki-ki-oⁿ-de de-de (kdizé ną kíkkiǫ́de d¢éd¢ĕ) - he took it (his own) and threw it to her [JOD]

Dhegiha: gi-oⁿ-tha (gióⁿtha) - to abandon, leave, forsake, or throw away his own [Omaha/Ponca]; gi-oⁿ-tha (gioⁿtha) - discharge, disqualify [Omaha]; ki-oⁿ-tha (kioⁿtha) - exclude [Omaha]; ʰki-oⁿ-tha (ḳi-óⁿ-tha) - to throw each other away; divorce [FL-Osage]; gi-oⁿ-tha (gi-óⁿ-tha) - to discharge [FL-Osage]; ʰki-oⁿ-the (ʰkíǫðe) - divorce, throw each other away [CQ-Osage]; ki-oⁿ-tha (kíǫǫða) - leave behind one’s own [CQ-Osage]

Dhegiha: the-the (théthe) - to cause to go; to send off an object; used as an auxiliary verb [Omaha/Ponca]; the-the (thethé) - to go this way (in his own footprints, made previously) [Omaha/Ponca]; the-the (the the) - start; send [Omaha]; the-the (¢é¢ĕ) - send suddenly [JOD-Omaha]; the-the (thé-the) - to send; to transmit [FL-Osage]; the-the (ðéeðe) - make go, cause to go; send; mail [CQ-Osage]; ye-ye (yéye) - auxiliary verb indicating sudden movement or forceful action; far off, in the distance [Kaw]

 

suddenly, to begin suddenly

tʰi-de (tʰidé) - pass by, come forth at birth, to begin suddenly a-tʰi-bde (atʰibdé) - I, da-tʰi-te (datʰitté) - you

tʰi-de (tʰidé) - to begin, suddenly [JOD]

cf. tʰi-da-da (tʰidáda) - start now and then to do something; tʰi-he (tʰihé) - becomes in a lg. line; to have become suddenly; tʰi-kde (tʰikdé) - become suddenly; tʰi-kda-kda (tʰíkdakdá) - repeat a sudden action

ex: tʰi-de (tʰidé) - he began [JOD]

ex: i-pi-da-taⁿ-ti a-ki-ka-shka-i taⁿ o-zha tʰe tʰi-de (íppidáttąttí ákikaškái tą óža tʰe tʰidé) - he fastened it (his own) to his belt and began dancing [JOD]

Dhegiha: tʰi-the (ti-¢é) - pass; to begin, commence, or start suddenly; to come forth, as an infant at birth [JOD-Omaha]; tsi-the (tsi-the), ʰtsi-e (ṭsi-e) - passing by [FL-Osage]; ʰtsi-the (ṭsi-thé) - he hastened, he began, denoting sudden action [FL-Osage]; chi-ye (chiyé) - suddenly, action in this direction [Kaw]

 

suddenly, to have become suddenly

tʰi-he (tʰihé) - becomes in a lg. line; to have become suddenly [JOD]

cf. tʰi-de (tʰidé) - pass by, come forth at birth, to begin suddenly; tʰi-da-da (tʰidáda) - start now and then to do something; tʰi-kde (tʰikdé) - become suddenly; tʰi-kda-kda (tʰíkdakdá) - repeat a sudden action

ex: haⁿ-ba saⁿ-haⁿ tʰi-he (hą́ba są́hą tʰihé) - day, daytime/white in the distance/becomes in a lg. line

ex: haⁿ-ba saⁿ-haⁿ tʰi-he taⁿ, o-da-kda-x’a-x’a ta-i (hą́ba są́hą tʰihé tą, odákdaxʔáxʔá ttaí) - when it is daybreak, you’all will give the scalp yell [JOD]

Dhegiha: tʰi-he (tʰihé) - marks sudden action, to have become---suddenly [Omaha/Ponca]

Dhegiha: oⁿ-ba soⁿ tʰi-he (óⁿba sóⁿ tʰihé) - the sudden coming hither of the day which is whitish or gray in the distance; the morning gray [Omaha/Ponca]

 

suffer

a-kda (ákda) - suffer aⁿ-kda (ą́kda), a-aⁿ-kda (áąkda) - I, a-di-kda (ádikda) - you, a-kda (ákda) - he/she, wa-kda-we (wákdawe) - we

ex: aⁿ-kda-xti (ą́kdaxti) - I suffered exceedingly [JOD]

ex: a-tʰaⁿ-tʰe bdo-ka aⁿ-kda-xti naⁿ niⁿ-tʰe (atʰą́tte bdóka ą́kdaxti ną́ nitʰé) - I have suffered exceedingly all the time [JOD]

Dhegiha:’a-gtha (’ágtha) - suffer, to suffer; to be injured or made sick by food, etc. [Omaha/Ponca]; a-gtha (agtha) - offend; aggravate; abhor [Omaha]

Dhegiha: a-gtha-ge (á-gtha-ge) - revulsion [FL-Osage]; a-la-ke (áalake) - be bothered or annoyed by, be irritated by; find bothersome [CQ-Osage]

 

sugar

wa-zhoⁿ-ke ski-de (wažǫ́ke skíde) - sugar

wa-zhoⁿ-ke ski-de (wažǫ́ke skíde) - sugar [MS, AG, OM]

wa-shoⁿ-ke ski-de (wašǫ́ke skíde) - sugar

cf. wa-shoⁿ-ke (wašǫ́ke), wa-zhoⁿ-ke (wažǫ́ke) - pulverized, fine; ski-de (skíde) - sweet

ex: wa-shoⁿ-ke ski-de di-be-bni (wašǫ́ke skíde dibébni) - candy, spiral stick candy

ex: wa-shoⁿ-ke ski-de kdo-kdo (wašǫ́ke skíde kdókdo), wa-zhoⁿ-ke ski-de kdo-kdo (wažǫ́ke skíde kdókdo) - molasses, syrup, “ropy sugar”

Dhegiha: wa-shoⁿ-ge (wa-shóⁿ-ge) - yellow corn that adheres to the teeth when eating it, this corn is roasted, then pounded into a fine meal [FL-Osage]; ga-shoⁿ-ge (ga-shóⁿ-ge) - to pulverize [FL-Osage]

Dhegiha: ski-the (skíthe) - sweet, sour [Omaha/Ponca]; ski-the (çkithe) - sweet [Omaha]; ski-the (çkí-the), skiu-e (çkiu-e), skiu-the (çkiu-the), sku-the (çku-the) - sweet [FL-Osage]; sku-the (skúðe), sku-e (skúe) - sweet [CQ-Osage]; sku-we (skúwe) - sweets, be sweet [Kaw]

 

sugar, maple sugar

zhoⁿ ni (žǫní), zhaⁿ ni (žąní) - maple sugar, “tree sap”

zhoⁿ ni (jonnih) - rum, bourbon (rum) [GI]

zhoⁿ ni (jōn-nīh) - water of life, brandy (eau de vie) [GI]

cf. zhaⁿ (žą), zhoⁿ (žǫ) - wood, tree; ni (ni) - water, liquid; zhoⁿ-ni hi (žǫní hi) - maple tree, Acer saccharum

Dhegiha: zhoⁿ ni (zhoⁿní) - sugar, syrup, honey; “wood water, wood sap” [Omaha/Ponca]; zhoⁿ ni (zhoⁿni) - sap, candy, fudge, sugar [Omaha]; zhaⁿ ni (jaⁿ-ní) - “wood water, wood sap,” sugar; syrup; strained honey [JOD-Omaha]; zhoⁿ ni (zhoⁿní) - sugar, candy, “wood water” [FL-Osage]; zhaⁿ ni (žąąníi) - sugar, lit., “tree water”, originally referring to maple sap or syrup [CQ-Osage]; zhaⁿ ni (zhaⁿní) - sugar, “tree liquid” [Kaw]

 

sulphur springs, the name for two sulphur springs

ni xo-we (ni xówe) - “mysterious, holy, or sacred water”, the name for two sulphur springs, one on each side of Tar Creek, Indian Terr. [JOD]

cf. ni (ni) - water, liquid; xo-we (xówe) - sacred, holy

Dhegiha: ni (ní) - water [Omaha/Ponca]; ni (ni) - water, liquid, river [Omaha]; ni (ni) - water, river, rivulet, creek [FL-Osage]; ni (níi) - water, any fluid, liquid [CQ-Osage]; ni (ni) - water, river, any liquid [Kaw]

Dhegiha: xu-be (xube) - hallowed, holy, wizard [Omaha]; xu-be (qubé) - sacred [JOD-Omaha]; xu-be (xúbe) - holy, supernatural power, sanctity [FL-Osage]; xo-pe (xópe) - sacred, consecrated, holy [CQ-Osage]

 

sulphur water

ni xwiⁿ (ni xwį) - sulphur spring water, “stinky water” [OM]

cf. ni (ni) - water, liquid; xwiⁿ (xwį), xo-wiⁿ (xowį́) - stink, emit offensive odor

Dhegiha: ni (ní) - water [Omaha/Ponca]; ni (ni) - water, liquid, river [Omaha]; ni (ni) - water, river, rivulet, creek [FL-Osage]; ni (níi) - water, any fluid, liquid [CQ-Osage]; ni (ni) - water, river, any liquid [Kaw]

Dhegiha: xwiⁿ (qwiⁿ), xuiⁿ (quíⁿ) - corrupt, putrid, rotten, offensive, stink, stinking, as carrion [Omaha/Ponca]; xuiⁿ (xuiⁿ) - stink, stench [Omaha]; xwiⁿ (xwiⁿ) - fetid, offensive smell [FL-Osage]; xoiⁿ (ɣoį́) - stink, stinky, fetid odor or offensive smell [CQ-Osage]

 

sumac

maⁿ-pi-te (mą́pite) - sumac, Cherokee sumac

Dhegiha: moⁿ-bi-dse (móⁿ-bi-dse) - sumac, the smoke of the leaves was very mild and could be inhaled [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-bu-je (máⁿbuje) - sumac [Kaw]

 

ta-ni-ka-hi (taníkahi) - sumac, lit. “mix with tobacco”

ta-ni-ka-hi (taníkahi) - kinnikinnick [ASG]

cf. ta-ni (taní), ta-niⁿ (tanį́) - tobacco; i-ka-hi (íkahi) - mixed with, to mix ingredients

Dhegiha: ni-ni-ga-hi (ni-ní-ga-hi) - kinnikkinnick; a leaf mixed with tobacco [FL-Osage]; naⁿ-nu-hu i-ki-a-hiⁿ (nąnúhu íkiahį) - plant to mix with tobacco (a small, sweet-smelling plant with yellow flowers that is mixed with tobacco; apparently lit., ‘mix into tobacco’ [CQ-Osage]; naⁿ-nu- i-ga-hi (naⁿnú ígahi) - to mix tobacco, to make kinnikinnick; kinnikinnick [Kaw]

 

summer

pe (pe) - summer

pe (pe) - summer; spring [ASG]

Dhegiha: me (me) - spring. the spring of the year [Omaha/Ponca]; be (be) - spring of the year [FL-Osage]; pe (pée) - springtime, spring [CQ-Osage]

Dhegiha: nu-ge (nugé) - summer [Omaha/Ponca]; nu-ge (nuge) - summer [Omaha]; do-ge (do-gé) - summer [FL-Osage]; to-ke (tooké) - summer, when it is summer, summertime [CQ-Osage]; do-ge (dogé) - summer [Kaw]

 

pe-taⁿ (péttą) - summer

Dhegiha: me-daⁿ (me-dáⁿ) - spring time, in the spring; during the spring [JOD-Omaha]; be-doⁿ (be doⁿ) - in the spring [FL-Osage]; pe-taⁿ (pée tą) - in the spring, in springtime, when it is spring [CQ-Osage]

 

summer, in summer

pe-tʰe-ti (petʰétti) - in summer [JOD]

cf. pe (pe) - summer; tʰe-ti (tʰétti) - when [JOD]

 

summer, middle of summer

pe o-skaⁿ-ska (pé oską́ska) - midsummer

pe o-skaⁿ-ska (pé oską́ska) - middle of summer [ASG]

cf. pe (pe) - summer; o-skaⁿ-ska (oskąská) - half in length, middle

Dhegiha: o-skoⁿ-ska (o-çkóⁿ çka), u-skoⁿ-ska (u-çkóⁿ-çka) - center, directly in the center of, in the middle [FL-Osage]

Dhegiha: o-ʰkoⁿ-ska (o-ḳóⁿ-çka), u-ʰkoⁿ-ska (u-ḳóⁿ-çka) - the center, middle [FL-Osage]; o-ʰkaⁿ-ska (oʰką́ska) - in the center, middle, at the halfway point [CQ-Osage]; o-kaⁿ-ska (okáⁿska) - one half in length or quantity, the middle one, in the middle, a half dollar, fifty cents [Kaw]

 

summertime, sun shining

ma-shte pe-taⁿ (mašté péttą) - summertime, sun shining [MS]

cf. ma-shte (mašté) - warm, to be warm; west; pe-taⁿ (péttą) - summer

Dhegiha: ma-shte (mashté) - warm [Omaha/Ponca]; moⁿ-shte (moⁿshte) - warm, sunny day, sunshine [Omaha]; moⁿ-shte (moⁿ-shte), moⁿ-stse (móⁿ-stse) - hot weather, a hot day [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-shtse (mąąšcé) - be warm weather, hot weather, sunny weather [CQ-Osage]; mo-shtse (moshcé), ma-sche (masché) - hot, warm, as weather; be hot, as a person; the warm months, March through September [Kaw]

Dhegiha: me-daⁿ (me-dáⁿ) - spring time, in the spring; during the spring [JOD-Omaha]; be-doⁿ (be doⁿ) - in the spring [FL-Osage]; pe-taⁿ (pée tą) - in the spring, in springtime, when it is spring [CQ-Osage]

 

sun

mi (mi) - sun, moon, orb

mi (mi) - sun [MS]

mi (mi) - sun [FS]

mi (mí) - sun [ASG]

Dhegiha: miⁿ (miⁿ) - sun [Omaha/Ponca]; mi (mi) - sun [Omaha]; mi (mi) - sun [FL-Osage]; mi (míi), miⁿ (mį́į) - sun [CQ-Osage]; miⁿ (míⁿ) - sun [Kaw]

 

Sun gens (clan)

mi e-ni-ka-shi-ka (mi énikkašíka) - the Sun gens, obtained from Alphonsus Valliere

cf. mi (mi) - sun; ni-ka-shi-ka (níkkašíka) - people

 

Sun Low

mi hi-ta (mi hittá) - Sun Low, female personal name [JOD]

cf. mi (mi) - sun; hi (hi) - arrive, reach there, have been; ta (tta) - to, at, toward, in that direction

 

Sun Passes Along

mi tʰi-de (mi tʰidé) - Sun Passes Along, female personal name [JOD]

cf. mi (mi) - sun; tʰi-de (tʰidé) - pass by; come forth at birth; to begin suddenly

 

sun shining, summertime

ma-shte pe-taⁿ (mašté péttą) - summertime, sun shining [MS]

cf. ma-shte (mašté) - warm, to be warm; west; pe-taⁿ (péttą) - summer

Dhegiha: ma-shte (mashté) - warm [Omaha/Ponca]; moⁿ-shte (moⁿshte) - warm, sunny day, sunshine [Omaha]; moⁿ-shte (moⁿ-shte), moⁿ-stse (móⁿ-stse) - hot weather, a hot day [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-shtse (mąąšcé) - be warm weather, hot weather, sunny weather [CQ-Osage]; mo-shtse (moshcé), ma-sche (masché) - hot, warm, as weather; be hot, as a person; the warm months, March through September [Kaw]

Dhegiha: me-daⁿ (me-dáⁿ) - spring time, in the spring; during the spring [JOD-Omaha]; be-doⁿ (be doⁿ) - in the spring [FL-Osage]; pe-taⁿ (pée tą) - in the spring, in springtime, when it is spring [CQ-Osage]

 

sun, dry up and die as vegetation from the sun

ta-ta-xe (táttaxe) - dry up and die, as vegetation from the sun

cf. ta (tá) - by extreme temperature; ta-xe (táxe) - dried up, dead from heat/cold, used with almost all instrumental prefixes; ba-ta-xe (battáxe) - dry up, root up the soil; bi-ta-xe (bittáxe) - dry up, press dry; da-ta-xe (dattáxe) - dry up from being gnawed; di-ta-xe (dittáxe) - dry out by pulling up, uproot; ka-ta-xe (kattáxe) - crack and die from being cut, as corn; pa-ta-xe (páttaxe) - cut and dry up, e.g. cornstalk; po-ta-xe (póttaxe) - cause to dry up from punching

 

sun, eclipse of the sun

mi di-shi (mi díši) - eclipse of the sun

cf. mi-aⁿ-pa di-shi-we (mią́pa dišíwe) - eclipse of the moon

 

sun, Good Sun

mi da-kniⁿ (mi dáknį) - Good Sun, female personal name [JOD]

cf. mi (mi) - sun; da-kniⁿ (dáknį) - good (archaic word for good, used primarily in Quapaw personal names, still used in happy, pleased, like

 

sun, Red Sun

mi zhi-te (mi žítte) - Red Sun, refers to the red sun near sunset, female personal name [JOD]

cf. mi (mi) - sun; zhi-te (žítte) - red

 

sun, Swift Sun

mi x’aⁿ-sa (mi xʔąsá) - Swift Sun, female personal name [JOD]

cf. mi (mi) - sun; x’aⁿ-sa (xʔąsá), ’aⁿ-sa (ʔąsá) - swift

 

sun, Traveling Sun

mi o-ka-shaⁿ niⁿ (mi ókašą nį) - Traveling Sun, female personal name [JOD]

cf. mi (mi) - sun; o-ka-zhaⁿ (ókašą) - journy, travel, wander; niⁿ (nį) - 3sg continuative moving; the singular/moving/animate

 

Sun, White Sun Coming

mi ska ki-ta (mi ska kítta) - White Sun Coming Up; White Sun Comes “Gets up”, female personal name [JOD]

cf. mi (mi) - sun; ska (ska) - white; ki-ta (kítta) - arise, get up, rise

 

Sunday

haⁿ-ba wa-te-xi (hą́ba wattéxi) - Sunday, “difficult day”

haⁿ-ba wa-te-xi (hą́ba wattéxi) - Sunday [MS]

cf. haⁿ-ba (hą́ba), hoⁿ-ba (hǫ́ba), hoⁿ-pa (hǫ́pa), haⁿ-pa (hą́pa) - day, daytime; wa-te-xi (wattéxi) - difficult, too much, too high a price

ex: haⁿ-ba wa-te-xi zhi-ka (hą́ba wattéxi žíka) - Saturday, “little Sunday”

ex: haⁿ-ba wa-te-xi naⁿ-pa (hąbá wattéxi nąpá) - fortnight, “two Sundays”

Dhegiha: wa-te-xi (watéxi) - difficult action with a purpose, male name [Omaha]; wa-ʰtse-xi (wa-ṭsé-xi) - difficult to destroy, to be tenacious of life, stingy, ungenerous, not liberal, penurious [FL-Osage]; wa-ʰtse-xi (waʰcéxi) - be difficult, hard, challenging, not easy to do [CQ-Osage]; wa-tse-xi (wacéxi) - be hard, difficult to endure, something difficult, be difficult [Kaw]

Dhegiha: oⁿ-ba wa-xu-be (óⁿba waqúbe) - Sunday, “mysterious day, holy day”, a week [Omaha/Ponca]; oⁿ-ba wa-xu-be (oⁿba waxube) - holy day, Sunday [Omaha]

Dhegiha: hoⁿ-ba wa-ʰkoⁿ-da-gi (hóⁿ-ba wa-ḳóⁿ-da-gi), oⁿ-ba wa-ʰkoⁿ-da-gi (óⁿ-ba wa-ḳoⁿ-da-gi) - Sunday, Sabbath, Holy Day, a week [FL-Osage]; (hą́ąpa waʰkǫ́taki) - Sunday, lit., ‘sacred day’, a week [CQ-Osage]; haⁿ-ba wa-kaⁿ-da-gi (háⁿba wakáⁿdagi) - Sunday, lit., “the mysterious or sacred day”, also, meaning ‘a week’ [Kaw]

 

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