Quapaw Dictionary

English to Quapaw Dictionary
A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H-I-J-K-L-M-N-O-P-Q-R-S-T-U-V-W-X-Y-Z
Quapaw Sources	Dhegiha Sources

Kansa - kind kindle - knuckle

Kansa, Kanza, Kanze, Kanza, Kaw Tribe

► kaⁿ-se (kańse), (káñsĕ) - Kwapa name for the Kansa Indians [JOD]

► cf. kaⁿ-ze (kką́ze), koⁿ-ze (kkǫ́ze) - equal in; kaⁿ-ze (ką́ze), koⁿ-ze (kǫ́ze) - pretend, feign, “to pretend by being equal to, to pretend by being similar to, to pretend by acting as, to pretend being like”; kaⁿ-ze a-na (kką́ze ána) - equal in quantity, number; kaⁿ-ze a-na-ska (kką́ze ánaska) - of equal or like size; kaⁿ-ze a-tʰaⁿ (kką́ze átʰą) - of equal length; kaⁿ-ze a-tʰaⁿ-ha (kką́ze átʰąha) - equal or like depth; kaⁿ-ze a-tʰaⁿ-ka (kką́ze atʰąkká) - of equal height; koⁿ-ze e-koⁿ (kkǫ́ze ekǫ), koⁿ-ze e-kaⁿ (kkǫ́ze eką), koⁿ-ze a-kaⁿ (kkǫ́ze áką) - similar, alike; koⁿ-ze e-koⁿ a-zhi (kkǫ́ze ékǫ áži) - copy, write over again; koⁿ-ze e-koⁿ-kʰi-de (kkǫ́ze ekǫkʰíde), koⁿ-ze a-kaⁿ-kʰi-de (kkǫ́ze ákąkʰíde) - treat the same, get even with; ki-koⁿ-ze (kíkǫze), ki-kaⁿ-ze (kíkąze) - teach someone something, “to teach by being similar to, to teach by acting as, to teach by doing as”; wa-kaⁿ-ze (waką́ze) - teacher, “to act as them, to be similar to them, to be like them, to do as them”; e-ta-kaⁿ-za (ettákkąza) - above, directly, opposite; e-ta-ki-kaⁿ-za (ettákkikką́za) - opposite, even with, parallel

► ex: The following sentence was recorded from a Kaw man named ni-ghu-je yiⁿ-ge (nighúje yiⁿge). According to this man, this is what a group of Quapaws said upon meeting a group of Kaws. The example appears to be an explanation of how the Quapaws and Kansa originally separated according to the Quapaws. tsa-kaⁿ o-ne aⁿ-ga-hu-ba-zhe a-be, i-tsi-go aba. kaⁿ-ze aⁿ-yiⁿ-be a-o (càkáⁿ oné aⁿgahubàzhe ábe, icígo abá. kaáⁿze aⁿyíⁿbe ao) - Our ancestors said that we (Quapaws) went after sinew and did not go back (to you). We (Quapaws) are Kansa (similar/equal/alike/same).

► Dhegiha: koⁿ-ze (koⁿçe) - Kansa Tribe, Kaw Tribe [Omaha]; kaⁿ-ze (k͓aⁿ́-ze) - The Kansas or Wind people [JOD-Omaha]; ʰkoⁿ-ze (ḳóⁿ-çe) - Kaw Indians [FL-Osage]; ʰkaⁿ-ze (ʰką́ąze) - Kaw, Kansa tribe or tribal member [CQ-Osage]; kaⁿ-ze (kaáⁿze) - Kansa tribe, clan, the Kaws, a Kaw person [Kaw]

Kansas, Baxter Springs

► ni-sni toⁿ (nísni ttǫ) - Baxter Springs, Kansas, “cold water town, spring town”

► ni-sni toⁿ (nísni ttǫ) - Baxter Springs, Kansas [OM]

► cf. ni-sni (nisní, nísni) - spring, literally “cold water”; ni (ni) - water, liquid, stream, lake; sni (sni) - cold, to be cold; toⁿ (ttǫ) - town, contraction of taⁿ-waⁿ (ttą́wą)

► ex: ni-sni toⁿ ta (nísni ttǫ ttá) - to Baxter Springs, Kansas [AG]

► Dhegiha: ni-sni (níçni) - cold water, well water [Omaha]; ni-sni (ni-çní) - a spring of cold water [FL-Osage]; ni-ʰni (ni-hní) - water cold, a spring or well [FL-Osage]; ni-ni (níini) - spring, well, sources of water [CQ-Osage]; ni-ʰniⁿ (nihníⁿ) - well or a pump [Kaw]

katydid

► ma-ze-pa wa-da-se (mazéppa wadáse) - katydid, lit. “bites off a teat”

► cf. ma-ze-pa (mazéppa) - nipple of the breast; da (da) - by mouth; pa-se (páse) - cut off with a knife

► Dhegiha: ba-ze wa-tha-se (ba-çé-wa-tha-çe) - katydid, the Osage women lived in fear of the katydid [FL-Osage]; si-pa wa-tha-se (sipá watháse) - stag beetle, “toe biter” [Omaha/Ponca]

► Dhegiha: moⁿ-ze-pa (moⁿçépa) - woman’s nipple [Omaha]; ba-ze-pa (ba-çé-pa) - nipple, teat [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: tha-se (¢asé) - biting off [JOD-Omaha]; ya-se (yasé) - bite off [Kaw]

keep house

► ti-kde (ttikdé) - to set up housekeeping, to live together in same tent, village, collection of lodges

► ex: ti-kde ta bde (ttikdé tta bdé) - I’m going to my house [OM]

► ex: ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-kaⁿ naⁿ-pa ti-kde ni-kʰa naⁿ i-ya (maštį́ke eką́ ną́pa ttikdé nikʰa ną iyá) - rabbit and his grandmother, the both of them lived together, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: mi-ka ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-naⁿ-pa ti-kde ni-kʰa (mikká maštį́ke enąpa ttíkde nikʰá) - raccoon and rabbit both lived together [JOD]

► ex: wa-x’o to-wa ti-kde ni-kʰa naⁿ (waxʔó tówa ttíkde nikʰá ną) - four women were dwelling in a lodge [JOD]

► ex: ti-kda-wi (ttíkdawi) - they dwelt in a lodge [JOD]

► ex: ti-kde miⁿ ti kʰi (ttíkde mį́-tti kʰí) - he arrived at one lodge [JOD]

► ex: wa-sa ka-hi-ka niⁿ-kʰe a-ni koi-hi-de niⁿ-kʰe-ti ti-kde niⁿ-kʰe (wasá kahíke nįkʰé áni kóihidé-nįkʰétti ttíkde nįkʰé) - the black bear chief dwells in a lodge beyond yonder distant bluff [JOD]

► ex: e-ti a-shka hi ti-kde e-ti-tʰaⁿ-zhi e-te te (étti ašká hi ttíkde ettítʰąží étte tté) - I wonder, is there not a lodge very near [JOD]

► ex: i-shta-xe sh’a-ke e-ka-xnaⁿ niⁿ-kʰe e-naⁿ-pa ti-kda-wi (ištáxe šʔáke ekáxną nįkʰé enąp͓á ttíkdawí) - the frenchman and his wife, the both of them kept house’ (JOD)]

► ex: hoⁿ tʰe-ti ti-kde ke o-ka-ki-xe-xti zhe i-ya (hǫ tʰetti ttikdé ke okákixe-xti že iyá) - that very night he dunged all around the lodges, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: wa-sa ti-kde ke-ti hi taⁿ (wasá ttikdé ke-tti hi tą) - when he arrived to the black bear lodges [JOD]

► ex: wa-sa ti-kde ke-ti hi naⁿ (wasá ttikdé ke-tti hi ną) - when he arrived to the black bear village [JOD]

► ex: ti-kde-kde (ttíkdekde) - different lodges [JOD]

► ex: ti-kde-kde kʰe a-kde (ttíkdekde kʰe akdé ….) - I go home to the (line of standing) lodges

► Dhegiha: ti-gthe (tígthe) - to live/dwell in a lodge [Omaha/Ponca]; ti-gthe (tigthe) - home [Omaha]; ʰtsi-gthe (ṭsí-gthe) - to reside, to dwell, to set up and keep house [FL-Osage]; ʰtsi-le (ʰcíle) - live, reside, make a home, set up a household, set up housekeeping, house, home, family [CQ-Osage]

keep one’s own (relation, property, etc.)

► a-kda-niⁿ (akdánį) - keep one’s own (relation, property, etc.) ► a-ka-bniⁿ (akdábnį) - I

► cf. a-niⁿ (anį́) - have, keep

► ex: a-ka-bniⁿ (akdábnį) - I have my own, I had my own [JOD]

► ex: e-shaⁿ-taⁿ she-mi zhi-ka de naⁿ-hi a-kda-bniⁿ a-kdi (ešą́ttą šémižíka dé nąhí akdábnį akdí) - and then-little girl-this-only-I have my own-I have come home [JOD]

► ex: a-kda-bniⁿ pʰi (akdábnį pʰí) - I had my own-I came hither [JOD]

► ex: she-mi zhi-ka a-kda-bniⁿ pʰi (šémižíka akdábnį pʰí) - I came here with my little girl [JOD]

► ex: a-kda-niⁿ (akdánį) - keeping his own, he having his own, having his own [JOD]

► ex: e-da-te naⁿ-hi a-kda-niⁿ o-shte (edátte nąhí akdánį ošté) - her father-only-keeping his own-remained [JOD]

► ex: a-kda-niⁿ de (akdánį de) - take one’s own with one; to go with one’s own (relatives, etc.)

► ex: a-kda-niⁿ de (ákdanį́ dé) - she carried her own [JOD]

► ex: e e-ta taⁿ-ha kdi-ze a-taⁿ ti-a-ti kaⁿ a-kda-niⁿ de (é ettá tąhá kdíze áttą ttiátti ką ákdanį́ dé) - it was hers-because-she took her own-and-into the house-so-she carried her own [JOD]

► ex: a-kda-niⁿ hi (akdánį hi) - to come hither with one’s own [JOD]

► ex: a-kda-niⁿ kdi (akdánį kdí) - to have brought back one’s own

► ex: i-yo-wi taⁿ a-kda-niⁿ kdi kʰe (íyowi-ttą akdánį kdí kʰe) - when he was wounded they (his relations) brought him (or his body) home

► ex: wa-kda-niⁿ (wákdanį) - he has us, his relations

► ex: wa-kda-niⁿ hi (wákdanį hí) - she took them, her own, thither [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ naⁿ-zha wa-x’o zhi-ka niⁿ-kʰe shi-zhi-ka zho-wa-ki-kde wa-kda-niⁿ hi taⁿ a-di-xe (kóišǫ́ttą ną́ža waxʔó žiká nįkʰé šižíka žówakíkde wákdanį hí tą adiγé) - and then the old woman married him, she took her children along with her [JOD]

► ex: we-yo-wi taⁿ wa-kda-niⁿ kdi-we (wéyowi-ttą wákdanį kdiwé) - when we were shot they brought us back hither

► ex: a-ki-kda-niⁿ aⁿ-ta de (ákikdánį ą́ta dé) - she had her own (on) when she went [JOD]

► ex: ą́kdanį (ą́kdanį) - he has me, his relation

► ex: aⁿ-naⁿ-yo-wi taⁿ aⁿ-kda-niⁿ kdi-we (ąną́yowi-ttą ą́kdanį kdiwé) - when I was shot they brought me back hither

► ex: a-di-kda-niⁿ (adíkdanį) - he has you, his relation

► ex: i-di-yo-wi taⁿ a-di-kda-niⁿ kdi-we (ídiyowi-ttą adíkdanį kdiwé) - when you were shot they brought you back hither

► ex: i-da-kda-niⁿ (idákdanį́) - he had his own [JOD]

► ex: haⁿ-tʰaⁿ-hi ni-ka wa-x’o i-da-kda-niⁿ ta-bde da-we (hą́tʰąhí níkka waxʔó idákdanį́ tábde dáwe) - once upon a time, a man and his woman went hunting [JOD]

► Dhegiha: a-gtha-thiⁿ (agtháthiⁿ) - to have or keep one’s own [Omaha/Ponca]; a-gtha-thiⁿ (a-gthá-thiⁿ) - keep as one’s own, to have or keep one’s own; to inherit, inheritance [FL-Osage]; a-la-thiⁿ (aláðį) - carry one’s item, carry along one’s items, carry or take one’s own, have or take as one’s own, inherit [CQ-Osage]; a-la-yiⁿ (aláyiⁿ) - have or keep one’s own [Kaw]

keep or have for someone

► a-ki-niⁿ (ákinį) - have or keep for someone ► a-ki-bniⁿ (akíbnį) - I, a-da-ki-tiⁿ (adákittį) - you, oⁿ-ka-ki-niⁿ-we (ǫkákinįwe) - we

► cf. a-niⁿ (anį́) - have, keep; a-ki-niⁿ de (ákinį de) - take away something for someone; a-ki-niⁿ hi (ákinį hi) - take something there for someone; a-ki-niⁿ hi-de (ákinį hidé) - to have taken someone’s property; a-ki-niⁿ kde (ákinį kdé) - to take from someone and go back [JOD]; a-ki-niⁿ kdi (ákinį kdi) - take away something for someone and come back to this place [JOD]; a-ki-niⁿ tʰi (ákinį tʰi) - to take/come after them, one’s own [JOD]; ni-zhi a-ki-niⁿ (níži ákinį) - owe something to someone; wa-di-ze a-ki-niⁿ (wadíze ákinį) - owe something to someone

► ex: aⁿ-da-ki-tiⁿ (ądákittį́) - you have it for me [JOD]

► Dhegiha: a-thiⁿ (áthiⁿ) - have, keep [Omaha]; a-thiⁿ (a-thíⁿ) - to have, keeper of [FL-Osage]; a-thiⁿ (aðį́) - have, own, possess [CQ-Osage]; a-yiⁿ (ayíⁿ) - have, keep, get, hold [Kaw]

keep, have

► a-niⁿ (anį́) - have, keep ► a-bniⁿ (abnį́) - I, a-tiⁿ (attį́) - you, a-niⁿ (anį́) - he/she/it

► cf. a-niⁿ de (anį́ dé) - take away; a-niⁿ hi (anį́ hi) - take it thither [JOD]; a-niⁿ kde (anį́ kde) - to take homeward [JOD]; a-niⁿ kdi (anį́ kdi) - to bring home [JOD]; a-niⁿ ki (anį́ kí) - bring back here; a-niⁿ tʰi (anį́ tʰí) - brought here [JOD]; a-ki-niⁿ (ákinį) - have or keep for someone; a-kda-niⁿ (akdánį) - keep one’s own (relation, property, etc.)

► Dhegiha: a-thiⁿ (áthiⁿ) - have, keep [Omaha]; a-thiⁿ (a-thíⁿ) - to have, keeper of [FL-Osage]; a-thiⁿ (aðį́) - have, own, possess [CQ-Osage]; a-yiⁿ (ayíⁿ) - have, keep, get, hold [Kaw]

► a-bniⁿ (abnį́) - I have, keep

► Dhegiha: a-bthiⁿ (abthíⁿ) - I have [Omaha]; a-bthiⁿ (abthíⁿ) - I have [FL-Osage]; a-briⁿ (abrį́) - I have [CQ-Osage]; a-bliⁿ (ablíⁿ) - I have [Kaw]

► a-tiⁿ (attį́) - you have, keep

► ex: ta-taⁿ zha-zhe a-tiⁿ (táttą žáže attį́) - what’s your name? [MS]

► ex: jhi-e shi-zhi-ka a-tiⁿ ni-she (jhíe šižíkka attį́ nišé) - do you have any children [AG]

► ex: jhi-e shoⁿ-ke a-kniⁿ a-tiⁿ ni-she (ǰíe šǫ́keáknį attį́ nišé) - have you got a horse? [AG]

► Dhegiha: a-niⁿ (a-níⁿ), a-hniⁿ (ahníⁿ) - you have [JOD-Omaha]; a-ni (a-ní), a-shni (a-shní), a-stiⁿ (a-stiⁿ) - you have [FL-Osage]; a-shtsiⁿ (ašcį́) - you have [CQ-Osage]; a-ʰniⁿ (aʰníⁿ) - you have [Kaw]

► a-niⁿ (anį́) - he/she/it have, keep

► ex: kʰi taⁿ ma-shtiⁿ-ke niⁿ wa-sa shoⁿ-te a-niⁿ a-taⁿ de i-ya (kʰi tą maštį́ke nį wasá šǫté anį́ attą dé iyá) - upon returning home, the rabbit had the black bear’s scrotum and left, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: wa-x’o to-wa ke taⁿ-ha shoⁿ-zhi-ka miⁿ-xti-naⁿ-naⁿ a-niⁿ aⁿ-taⁿ ha-ze da-we (waxʔó tówa ke tą́ha šǫ́žika mį́xtiną́ną ánį ą́tą háze dáwe) - the four women, each took a pup when they fled [JOD]

► ex: a-niⁿ niⁿ (anį́ nį) - a-niⁿ (anį́) - he/she/it has + niⁿ (nį) - 3sg continuative aux moving

► ex: a-niⁿ niⁿ (anį́ nį) - he was keeping it [JOD]

► ex: a-niⁿ niⁿ naⁿ (anį́ nį-ną́) - he is the one who has (had) her [JOD]

► ex: ma-ze-ska o-she a-niⁿ niⁿ (mazéska óše anį́ nį) - rich people (he/she has a lot of money) [MS]

► ex: shoⁿ-ke ta-kde-ska a-niⁿ niⁿ (šǫ́ke takdéska anį́ nį) - dog got fleas [MS]

► ex: wa-kaⁿ-ta e-haⁿ-ko-we-tʰaⁿ, Mary a-niⁿ niⁿ (wakką́tta ehą́ ǫkówettą, Mary anį́ nį) - Jesus’s mother, Mary [MS]

► ex: shpoⁿ a-niⁿ ni (špǫ anį́ nį) - when a baby is wet (he/she has a soaked diaper) [MS]

► Dhegiha: a-thiⁿ (athiⁿ) - he/she/it has/had [JOD-Omaha]; a-thiⁿ (a-thiⁿ) - he has [FL-Osage]; a-thiⁿ (aðį́) - he has/have [CQ-Osage]; a-yiⁿ (ayíⁿ) - he/she/it have keep [Kaw]

► a-niⁿ pa (anį́ pa) - they had it [JOD]

► cf. a-niⁿ (anį́) - he/she/it have, keep; a-pa (apa), pa (ppa) - continuative aspect marker, plural of niⁿ (nį)

► wa-niⁿ (wánį) - he/she/it have them

► ex: de-do a-shka e-ti-tʰaⁿ she-mi wa-niⁿ e-ti-tʰaⁿ, i-ke niⁿ (dédo áška ettítʰą šémi eną́hí wánį ettítʰą, iké nį́) - near here one stands (a lodge), it only has girls, he said to her [JOD]

► ex: to-wa wa-niⁿ naⁿ i-ya-we, o-zhi-ha zhi-ka e-ti o-wa-zhi naⁿ i-ya-we (tówa wánį ną iyáwe, óžiha žiká étti ówaži ną iyáwe) - he had four of them, he put them in he little bag, they say [JOD]

ex: shoⁿ-ke o-do-tʰe wa-niⁿ tʰaⁿ, i-ya-we (šǫ́ke ódotʰe wánį tʰą, iyáwe) - the man-eater had the dogs, they say [JOD]

► Dhegiha: wa-thiⁿ (wáthiⁿ) - he/she have them [Omaha]; wa-yiⁿ (wáyiⁿ) - he/she/it have or keep things [Kaw]

► aⁿ-ka-niⁿ (ąkanį́) - we have, keep

► ex: aⁿ-ka-niⁿ-ke (ąkanį́ įké) - we have [MS]

► ex: wa-zho-kte hotaiⁿ aⁿ-ka-niⁿ-ke (wažokte hóttą hi ąkanį́ įké) - we got some good leaders here [MS]

► ex: o-zha wa-zho-kte hotaiⁿ aⁿ-ka-niⁿ-ke (óža wažokte hóttą hi ąkanį́ įké) - we have good leaders [MS]

► ex: ke-ha-na-xa-da ho-taⁿ aⁿ-ka-niⁿ-ke (kehá anaɣáda hóttą ąkanį́ įké) - we have some good shell shakers [MS]

► Dhegiha: aⁿ-ga-thiⁿ (añgá¢iⁿ) - we have [JOD-Omaha]; oⁿ-ga-thiⁿ (oⁿ-ga-thiⁿ), oⁿ-ga-thiⁿ bi (oⁿ-ga-thiⁿ bi), oⁿ-ga-thiⁿ i (oⁿ-gá-thiⁿ i) - we have [FL-Osage]; aⁿ-ka-thiⁿ pe (ąkáðį́ pe) - we have [CQ-Osage]; aⁿ-ga-yiⁿ (aⁿgáyiⁿ) - we keep [Kaw]; aⁿ-ga-yiⁿ-be (aⁿgáyimbe) - we have [Kaw]

kettle, pot

► de-xe (déγe) - pot, kettle

► de-xe (déxe) - kettle [JOD]

► cf. ma-ni-ka de-xe (maníkka déγe) - pottery, clay pottery; not made after 1840; de-xe zi (deγé zi) - brass, lit. “kettle-yellow”; de-xe zhi-te (deγé žítte) - copper, lit. “kettle-red”

► Dhegiha: the-xe (théxe) - kettle, pot, pail, bucket [Omaha/Ponca]; the-xe (¢é-xe), ne-xe (néxe) - a kettle, pot; pail, bucket [JOD-Omaha]; ne-xe (nexe) - pot [Omaha]; ʰtse-xe (ṭsé-xe) - kettle; a pot for cooking; a tin pail [FL-Osage]; ʰtse-xe (ʰcéγe), tse-xe (céγe) - bucket, pail; kettle; pot [CQ-Osage]; je-ghe (jéghe) - kettle, bucket, pot [Kaw]

key

► i-di-shi-we (ídišíwe) - key

► cf. i (í) - instrumental, with, using, by means of, by which, as a means of or to, through, from, due to; di-shi-we (dišíwe) - open up, open; o-naⁿ-taⁿ di-shi-we (oną́ttą díšiwe) - door knob; o-shi-we (ošíwe) - slipped off of its own accord; mi-aⁿ-pa di-shi-we (mią́pa dišíwe) - eclipse of the moon

► Dhegiha: we-thi-shi-be (wéthishíbe) - key [Omaha/Ponca]; we-thi-shi-be (wethishibe) - key; trigger [Omaha]; we-thi-shi-be (wé-thi-shi-be), we-i-shi-be (wé-i-shi-be) - key, “with which to open or unfasten by action of the hand” [FL-Osage]; we-thu-shu-pe (wéðušupe), we-thi-shi-pe (wéðišipe) - key, lit., “with which to open” [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: thi-shi-be (thishibe) - open, unlock, uncap, unhitch [Omaha]; thi-shi-be (thi-shí-be), thi-shu-be (thi-shú-be) - to open anything that has a lid or a door, to open a covered box, to open as a door, to open or unfasten a door [FL-Osage]; thi-shu-pe (ðiišúpe), thu-shu-pe (ðuušúpe) - open, unlock and open [CQ-Osage]; yu-shu-be (yushúbe), yu-shu-we (yushúwe) - open, as a door or a sacred bundle, unlock, gate [Kaw]

kick

► naⁿ-te (nątté) - kick ► a-naⁿ-te (aną́tte) - I, da-naⁿ-te (daną́tte) - you

► cf. naⁿ (ną) - by action of the foot

► Dhegiha: noⁿ-te (noⁿte) - kick [Omaha]; naⁿ-tse (naⁿcé) - kick, as a horse or mule does; cannot be said of a person; to raise the feet, as in dancing; hence, to dance [Kaw]

kick a gash in something

► naⁿ-ste (nąsté) - kick a gash in something ► aⁿ-naⁿ-ste (ą́nąste) - I, di-naⁿ-ste (dínąste) - you

► cf. naⁿ (naⁿ) - by action of the foot; naⁿ-ste-ste (nąstéste) - kick or tread to pieces; o-ste (oste) - crack, cracked, split; o-ste-ke (ostéke) - crack, split; ba-ste (basté) - cut into, gash; bi-ste (bisté) - split, gash; da-ste (dasté) - split with teeth; di-ste (disté) - split, pull off string; o-di-ste (odíste) - split by pulling a knife through; ka-ste (kasté) - gash, split something; o-ka-ste (okáste) - split something by striking; pa-ste (páste) - gash, cut with a knife blade; po-ste (póste) - graze shooting and gash

kick along, move something with feet

► naⁿ-ti-ze (nąttíze) - kick along, move something with feet ► a-naⁿ-ti-ze (aną́ttize) - I, da-naⁿ-ti-ze (daną́ttize) - you

► cf. naⁿ (ną) - by action of the foot; ba-ti-ze (battíze), ba-tʰi-ze (batʰíze) - move something by pushing; bi-ti-ze (bittíze) - move something by pressing or blowing; di-ti-ze (dittíze) - move by pulling something; ki-pa-ti-ze (kíppattíze) - move one’s possession by pushing; ki-kdi-ti-ze (kkíkdittíze) - move something for one’s own benefit; po-ti-ze (póttize), po-tʰi-ze (pótʰize) - move something by punching or shooting

kick at and be evaded

► naⁿ-knoⁿ-da (nąknǫ́da) - kick at and be evaded ► a-naⁿ-knoⁿ-da (aną́knǫda) - I, da-naⁿ-knoⁿ-da (daną́knǫda) - you

► cf. naⁿ (ną) - by action of the foot; ba-knoⁿ-da (baknǫ́da) - miss when thrusting at; bi-knoⁿ-da (biknǫ́da) - miss, slip from under; da-knoⁿ-da (daknǫ́da) - snap at and miss; di-kdoⁿ-da (dikdǫ́da) - fumble, let slip, fail to hold; ka-knoⁿ-da (kaknǫ́da) - fail in hitting at something; pa-knoⁿ-da (páknǫda) - miss cutting something elusive; po-knoⁿ-da (póknǫda) - miss in shooting or thrusting

► Dhegiha: naⁿ-gthaⁿ-tha (nañ-g¢áⁿ-¢a) - to miss a step in trying to step on a ladder, jump, etc. [JOD-Omaha]; naⁿ-laⁿ-ya (naⁿláⁿya) - miss one’s footing, miss a place one jumps for, miss what one kicks at [Kaw]

kick at and miss

► naⁿ-kʰiⁿ-te (nąkʰį́tte) - kick at and miss, pass by ► a-naⁿ-kʰiⁿ-te (aną́kʰįtte) - I, da-naⁿ-kʰiⁿ-te (daną́kʰįtte) - you

► cf. naⁿ (ną) - by action of the foot; ba-kʰiⁿ-te (bakʰį́tte) - miss, slip pushing something; bi-kʰiⁿ-te (bikʰį́tte) - rub a slippery surface; di-kʰiⁿ-te (dikʰį́tte) - lose grip, slip over; bi-kʰiⁿ-te (bikʰį́tte) - rub a slippery surface; da-kʰiⁿ-te (dakʰį́tte) - bite at and miss, snap at; ka-kʰiⁿ-te (kakʰį́tte) - strike at and miss; kiⁿ-kʰiⁿ-te (kkį́kkįtté) - slippery; pa-kʰiⁿ-te (pákʰįtte) - cut at something and miss it; po-kʰiⁿ-te (pókʰįtte) - graze something while shooting

► Dhegiha: noⁿ-kshiⁿ-dse (noⁿ-kshíⁿ-dse) - barely missing an object in kicking at it [FL-Osage]; naⁿ-khiⁿ-je (naⁿkhíⁿje) - miss kicking at something [Kaw]

kick loose

► naⁿ-shoⁿ-da-da (nąšǫ́dadá) - destabilize with the foot; kick loose ► a-naⁿ-shoⁿ-da-da (aną́šǫdada) - I, da-naⁿ-shoⁿ-da-da (daną́šǫdada) - you

► cf. naⁿ (ną) - by action of the foot; shoⁿ-da-da (šǫ́dada) - unsteady, insecure; naⁿ-te shoⁿ-da-da-zhi (ną́tte šǫ́dadáži) - stout hearted; ba-shoⁿ-da-da (bašǫ́dada) - loosen, destabilize pushing at; bi-shoⁿ-da-da (bišǫ́dada) - upset, make unsteady pressing; da-shoⁿ-da-da (dašǫ́dadá) - undermine; di-shoⁿ-da-da (dišǫ́dadá) - pull off balance; ka-shoⁿ-da-da (kašǫ́dada) - undercut by striking, chopping; pa-shoⁿ-da-da (pášǫdadá) - undercut, undermine; po-shoⁿ-da-da (póšǫdadá) - make top heavy by thrusting at; ta-shoⁿ-da-da (tášǫdadá) - top heavy, unsteady by burning; naⁿ-shoⁿ (nąšǫ́) - dislocate, trip and break

kick off, remove by kicking

► o-naⁿ-shto-te (oną́štotte) - to kick off, remove by kicking [JOD]

► cf. naⁿ (ną) - by action of the foot; di-shto-te (dištótte) - pull off, uproot; o-di-shto-te (odíštotte) - he pulled it off [JOD]; hi di-shto-te (hi dištótte) - pull a tooth; ka-shto-te (kaštótte) - open a barrel; kdi-shto-te (kdištótte) - take off, remove one’s own

► ex: ki-di-ki-za-we e-shoⁿ haⁿ-ka e-zhiⁿ-ke ha kʰe o-ba-haⁿ taⁿ o-naⁿ-shto-te naⁿ da taⁿ ni-a-ta ko-e-kde i-ya-we (kídikizáwe ešǫ́ hą́ka ežį́ke há kʰe obáhą tą oną́štotte ną dá tą niátta koékde iyáwe) - after they made a way for him, he kicked off Haⁿ-ka’s son’s skin in which he had been wearing and quickly started to run towards the water, they said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: naⁿ-zhnu-de (naⁿɔnúde) - slipped off while running [JOD-Omaha]; a-noⁿ-stsu-dse (á-noⁿ-stsu-dse) - kick off, as a shoe; to kick off moccasins on some object [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: thi-zhnu-de (¢iɔnúde) - pulled off [JOD-Omaha]; thi-stsu-dse (thi-stsú-dse) - to draw or pull off [FL-Osage]; thi-shto-e (ðiištóe), thi-shto-we (ðiištówe), thi-shto-wi (ðiištówi), thi-shto (ðiištó) - take off or remove a garment; undress; remove or take off by pulling, pull off (e.g., a shoe or boot); pull (e.g., a tooth) to remove it [CQ-Osage]; yu-shto-je (yushtóje) - remove a garment; take off an article of clothing; undress [Kaw]

kick or step on and break something

► naⁿ-to-we (nąttówe) - step on or kick and break something ► a-naⁿ-to-we (aną́ttowe) - I, da-naⁿ-to-we (daną́ttowe) - you

► cf. naⁿ (naⁿ) - by action of the foot; ba-to-we (battówe) - break into pieces, cut up; bi-to-we (bittówe) - break, crumble into pieces; da-to-we (dattówe) - chew to pieces; di-to-we (dittówe) - plow, pulverize the soil; we-di-to-we (wédittówe) - a plow; ka-to-we (kattówe) - shatter, break in pieces; ka-to-we de-de (kattówe déde) - throw at and shatter; pa-to-we (páttowe) - cut into large pieces; po-to-we (póttowe) - punch or shoot to pieces; to-wa-de (ttowáde) - crumble of it’s own accord

► Dhegiha: tu-be (túbe) - fine as flour [Omaha/Ponca]; bi-tu-be (bitúbe) - crumble, to make something crumble by weight or pressure, as an old log or stump [Omaha/Ponca]; tha-tu-be (thátube) - crush with the teeth, chew [Omaha]; ga-tu-be (gátube) - crush [Omaha]; ba-ʰto-be (bá-ṭo-be) - chopped fine, slice [FL-Osage]; ga-ʰto-be (ga-ṭo-be) - to shatter, to pulverize [FL-Osage]; ba-to-be (batóbe) - grind, pound fine [Kaw]; yu-to-be (yutóbe), yu-to-we (yutówe) - plow, break virgin ground; to grind, grind up [Kaw]

kick or tread to pieces

► naⁿ-ste-ste (nąstéste) - kick or tread to pieces ► a-naⁿ-ste-ste (aną́steste) - I, da-naⁿ-ste-ste (daną́steste) - you

► cf. naⁿ (ną) - by action of the foot; naⁿ-ste (nąsté) - kick a gash in something; ba-ste-ste (bastéste) - cut to shreds, stab repeatedly; ba-ste (basté) - cut into, gash; bi-ste-ste (bistéste) - split repeatedly, shred; bi-ste (bisté) - split, gash; da-ste-ste (dásteste) - chew into slivers, v. split; da-ste (dasté) - split with teeth; di-ste-ste (distéste) - pull into shreds, slivers; di-ste (disté) - split, pull off string; ka-ste-ste (kastéste) - cut or beat to shreds/slivers; ka-ste-ste-ye (kastésteye) - to have cut to shreds; ka-ste (kasté) - gash, split something; pa-ste-ste (pásteste) - cut to slivers, split often; pa-ste (páste) - gash, cut with a knife blade; po-ste-ste (pósteste) - shoot or punch to slivers; po-ste (póste) - graze shooting and gash

► Dhegiha: ba-stse-stse-ge (bá-stse-stse-ge) - to gash the skin with a knife [FL-Osage]; ga-stse-stse-ge (ga-stsé-stse-ge) - to gash the skin repeatedly [FL-Osage]; thi-stse-stse-ge (thi-stsé-stse-ge) - to tear into shreds [FL-Osage]; bu-sce-sce-ge (buscéscege) - wear clothing to shreds [Kaw]; ga-stse-stse-ge (gascéscege) - gash the skin or split wood repeatedly [Kaw]; yu-sce-sce-ge (yuscéscege) - cut into strips, pull to shreds [Kaw]

kick over, spill

► naⁿ-xtaⁿ (nąxtą́) - kick over, spill ► a-naⁿ-xtaⁿ (aną́xtą) - I, da-naⁿ-xtaⁿ (daną́xtą) - you

► cf. naⁿ (naⁿ) - by action of the foot; di-xtaⁿ (dixtą́) - pull at, pull over, upset; ka-xtaⁿ (kaxtą́) - pour out, empty something; a-ka-xtaⁿ (ákaxtą) - pour water on, baptize

► Dhegiha: xtoⁿ (qtoⁿ) - drip, pour [Omaha/Ponca]; pe ni a-ga-xtoⁿ (péni agaxtoⁿ) - baptize, anoint [Omaha]; thi-xtoⁿ (thixtoⁿ) - drain [Omaha]; xtoⁿ (xtoⁿ) - to spill, to slop over [FL-Osage]; ni ga-xtoⁿ (ní-ga-xtoⁿ) - to pour water, to spill water [FL-Osage]; wa-ga-xtoⁿ (wagáxtoⁿ) - the act of pouring water [FL-Osage]; o-ka-xtaⁿ (okáxtą), o-ka-xta (okáxta) - pour or dump out [CQ-Osage]; thi-xtaⁿ (ðixtą́) - pour, draw water or run water [CQ-Osage]; xtaⁿ (xtáⁿ) - leak in, drip out, empty out, spill [Kaw]; ba-xtaⁿ (baxtáⁿ) - spill, push over a container; to push or bump against a barrel or other vessel having water in it, forcing it over, and spilling its contents; to push or bump against a vessel and cause some of the liquid contents to be spilled without upsetting the vessel [Kaw]; ga-xtaⁿ (gaxtáⁿ) - pour out, empty out, throw out dirt [Kaw]; a-ga-xtaⁿ (ágaxtaⁿ) - powder, baby powder, lit. “spill it on” [Kaw]

kick over, topple with the foot

► naⁿ-xa-da (nąxadá) - kick over, topple with the foot ► a-naⁿ-xa-da (aną́xada) - I, da-naⁿ-xa-da (daną́xada) - you

► cf. naⁿ (naⁿ) - by action of the foot; bi-xa-da (bixáda) - cause to fall of own weight; di-xa-da (dixáda) - pull over, topple, flip; ka-xa-da (kaxáda) - fell, cut down, knock down; ta-xa-da (táxadá) - topple by burning, burn down; ta-xa-da-de (táxadadé) - topple by burning away base; po-xa-da (póxada) - knock over punching, topple

kick something down

► o-naⁿ-xpa-de (oną́xpade) - kick something down ► o-a-naⁿ-xpa-de (oánąxpade) - I, o-da-naⁿ-xpa-de (odánąxpade) - you

► cf. naⁿ (naⁿ) - by action of the foot; o-xpa-de (oxpáde) - fall from a height; o-ka-xpa (okáxpa) - Quapaw, people who went downstream; o-ka-xpa i-de (okáxpa idé) - south, wind or quarter, conveys idea of going downstream; o-ki-xpa-de (okíxpade) - lose something; ni o-xpa-de (ní oxpáde) - waterfall; mi-ka-x’e o-xpa-de (mikkáxʔe oxpáde) - meteor, shooting star, “falling”; o-ba-xpa-de (obáxpade) - push off and cause to fall; o-bi-xpa-de (obíxpade) - fall, cause by pressure/weight; o-di-xpa-de (odíxpade) - pull off and cause to fall; o-ka-xpa-de (okáxpade) - knock off, cause to fall off; o-po-xpa-de (opóxpade) - shoot down

► Dhegiha: u-naⁿ-xpa-the (unáⁿqpá¢ĕ) - to lose as he walks along; to make them fall from a height by kicking; to make fall by breaking from treading on, as from a wagon, bank, or tree, to the ground [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: u-xpa-the (uqpá¢ĕ) - to be lost, to lose his place; to fall from a height [JOD-Omaha]; u-xpa-the (uxpathe) - fell, fall [Omaha]; u-xpa-the (u-xpá-the) - lost, to become lost; to feel around with the hands in the dark, to grope; to fall [FL-Osage]; o-xpa-the (oxpáðe) - fall from a height; get lost, become lost, lose [CQ-Osage]; o-xpa-ye (oxpáye) - fall from a height, fall off, to fall from a height; get lost, become lost [Kaw]

kick to pieces or splinters

► naⁿ-za-za-te (nązázatte) - kick to pieces, splinters ► a-naⁿ-za-za-te (aną́zazátte) - I, da-naⁿ-za-za-te (daną́zazátte) - you

► cf. naⁿ (naⁿ) - by action of the foot; ba-za-za-te (bazázatte) - cut, stab to shreds; bi-za-za-te (bizázatte) - split from pressure; da-za-za-te (dazázatte) - chew something to slivers; di-za-za-te (dizázatte) - pull to shreds; ka-za-za-te (kazázatte) - chop to pieces, slivers; pa-za-za-te (pázazátte) - split, shred, cut to splinters; po-za-za-te (pózazátte) - punch, shoot apart/to pieces

kicking aside with the foot

► naⁿ-si-ka (nąsiká) - lifting or kicking aside with the foot, walk on and kick it, walk on something, kicking [JOD]

► ex: naⁿ-si-ka (nąsiká) - he knocked it out of the fire by stepping on it [JOD]

► ex: ta-iⁿ-xe naⁿ-si-ka (táįγe nąsiká) - he knocked the firebrand out of the fire by stepping on it (kicking it) [JOD]

► Dhegiha: noⁿ-si-ge (noⁿ-çí-ge) - lifting or kicking aside with the foot [FL-Osage]; naⁿ-si-ge (naⁿsíge) - walk on gravel and kick it; walk on something, kicking; scuff along [Kaw]

kicking, cause to bleed by kicking

► naⁿ-wa-paiⁿ (nąwappaį́) - bleed, cause by kicking ► a-naⁿ-wa-paiⁿ (aną́wappaį) - I, da-naⁿ-wa-paiⁿ (daną́wappaį) - you

► cf. naⁿ (naⁿ) - by action of the foot; wa-paiⁿ (wappaį́) - blood; ba-wa-paiⁿ (bawappaį́) - prick and cause to bleed; da-wa-paiⁿ (dawappaį́) - bite and draw blood; di-wa-paiⁿ (diwappaį́) - scratch and draw blood, as a cat; ka-wa-paiⁿ kawappaį́) - cut, slash and cause to bleed; pa-wa-paiⁿ (páwappaį) - bleed someone with a knife; po-wa-paiⁿ (pówappaį́) - cause to bleed from a thrust

► Dhegiha: wa-mi (wamí) - bleed, bloody [Omaha/Ponca]; wa-mi (wami) - blood, bleeding, bleed [Omaha]; wa-biⁿ (wa-bíⁿ) - blood, bleeding [FL-Osage]; wa-piⁿ (wa-pį́), wa-peiⁿ (wapéį) - bleed, blood [CQ-Osage]; wa-biⁿ (wa-bíⁿ) - blood [Kaw]

kicking, injure by kicking or trampling

► naⁿ-t’e-ka (nątʔéka) - injure by kicking or trampling ► a-naⁿ-t’e-ka (aną́tʔeka) - I, da-naⁿ-t’e-ka (daną́tʔeka) - you

► cf. naⁿ (naⁿ) - by action of the foot; di-t’e-ka (ditʔékka) - injure, hurt someone; di-t’e-ka (ditʔéka) - weaken an animal or infant

kicking, struggle kicking

► o-naⁿ-sha-sha (oną́šaša) - struggle kicking ► o-a-naⁿ-sha-sha (oánąšaša) - I, o-da-naⁿ-sha-sha (odánąšaša) - you

► cf. naⁿ (naⁿ) - by action of the foot

kill

► t’e-de (tʔede) - kill, “cause to die” ► t’e-a-de (tʔeáde) - I, t’e-da-de (tʔédade) - you, t’e-de (tʔéde) - he/she, t’e-aⁿ-de (tʔeą́de) - we, I and one other, t’e-aⁿ-da-we (tʔéądáwe), t’e-oⁿ-da-we (tʔéǫdáwe) - we, t’e-da-we (tʔédawe), t’e-da-i (t’éd¢ai) - they

► t’e-de (tʔede) - kill [MS]

► cf. t’e (tʔe) - die; de (de) - cause to, to cause; t’e hoⁿ-ke (tʔéhǫké) - to be insensible; t’e ki-ha (tʔé kihá) - certain to die, be terminal; t’e-xti (tʔéxti), t’e-xti hi (tʔexti hi) - stone cold dead; t’e-ki-de (tʔékkide) - kill someone’s (relation, etc); ki-t’e (kitʔé) - die, said of one’s kin; ni-ka ki-t’e (níkka kitʔe) - widow, to lose one’s husband; wa-x’o ki-t’e (waxʔó kitʔé) - widower, to lose by death one’s woman; become a widower; wa-t’e (watʔé) - corpse, dead body; ni-ka-shi-ka t’e (níkkašíka tʔé) - corpse of a person

► Dhegiha: t’e-the (t’é-¢ĕ) - to cause to die; to kill, as by accident; to slaughter cattle; to wound a foe in battle, to scare nearly to death, slayer [JOD-Omaha]; t’e-the (t’é-the) - the kill, fatal [Omaha]; ʰts’e-the (ṭs’e-the) - to kill, to slay, to destroy by killing, to dispatch [FL-Osage]; ts’e-the (cʔéðe) - kill, slay assassinate; make die [CQ-Osage]; ts’e-ye (ts’éye) - kill a person or animal [Kaw]

► t’e-a-de (tʔeáde) - I kill

► ex: t’e-a-de (tʔeáde) - I kill [JOD]

► ex: iⁿ-kaⁿ-e t’e-a-de e-de (įkká-e tʔeáde edé) - O grandmother, I have really killed him! [JOD]

► ex: iⁿ-kaⁿ-e wa-sa ka-hi-ke t’e-a-de i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke tʰaⁿ (įkką́-e wasá kahíke tʔeáde iyí iyá maštį́ke tʰą) - my grandmother, I have killed the black bear chief, said the rabbit, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► Dhegiha: t’e-a-the (t’éa¢ĕ) - I cause to die, kill, slaughter [JOD-Omaha]; ts’e-a-the (ṭs’é-a-the) - I slay [FL-Osage]; ts’e-a-ye (ts’éaye) - I kill a person or animal [Kaw]

► t’e-a-wa-de miⁿ-kʰe (tʔéawadé) - I kill them

► ex: t’e-a-wa-de miⁿ-kʰe (tʔéawadé mįkʰé) - I was killing them [JOD]

► Dhegiha:

(ṭs’e-á-wa-the) - I killed them [FL-Osage]

► t’e-da-de (tʔédade) - you kill

► ex: t’e-da-de (tʔédade) - you kill [JOD]

► ex: wa-zhiⁿ-ka miⁿ kʰe t’e-da-de (wažį́ka mį kʰé tʔédade) - you kill a bird [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ t’e-da-de ni-hoⁿ (hǫnį́ttą tʔédade nihǫ́) - how would it be possible for you to kill him? [JOD]

► ex: shi-naⁿ wa-zhiⁿ-ka t’e-da-de naⁿ-haⁿ wi-bdi-ze a-maⁿ-bdiⁿ tʰe a-shi-aⁿ-he (šiną́ wažį́ka tʔédade nąhą́ wibdíze amą́bdį tʰe ášią́he) - if you kill a bird again, I’ll walk behind and get it for you [JOD]

► Dhegiha: t’e-tha-the (t’é¢a¢ĕ) - you cause to die, kill, slaughter [JOD-Omaha]; ʰts’e-tha-the (ṭs’é-tha-the) - you slay [FL-Osage]; ts’e-ya-ye (ts’éyaye) - you kill a person or animal [Kaw]

► t’e-de (tʔéde) - he/she kill

► ex: a-shi-ti hi o-taⁿ-ka hi taⁿ ma-shtiⁿ-ke t’e-de i-ya wa-sa (ášitti hi otąka hi tą maštį́ke tʔede iyá wasá) - just as soon as the black bear went outside, the rabbit killed him, (shot the black bear, giving him a fatal wound) it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: ni-ka sh’a-ke tʰaⁿ ta t’e-de a-ta-ha (níkka šʔaké tʰą tta tʔéde attahá) - the old man killed many deer [JOD]

► ex: haⁿ-ka e-zhiⁿ-ke, wa-zhiⁿ-ka t’e-de aⁿ-e niⁿ na (hą́ka ežį́ke, wažį́ka tʔéde ą́e nį́ ná) - haⁿ-ka’s son, he is the one who has been killing many birds [JOD]

► ex: ni-ka sh’a-ke tʰaⁿ ta t’e-de a-ta-ha (níkka šʔaké tʰą tta tʔéde attahá) - the old man killed many deer [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ knoⁿ-ke taⁿ ta-bde naⁿ ta t’e-de taⁿ a-zho-wa ta da-tʰe-wi (kóišǫ́ttą knǫké tą tábde ną ttá tʔéde tą ážowa tta dátʰewi) - then he married her, when he hunted, he killed deer, they often ate deer [JOD]

► ex: t’e-de o-te-xi (tʔéde óttexi) - it would be difficult for anyone to kill him [JOD]

► ex: shi-o-shta t’e-de (šióšta tʔéde) - he killed a quail/partridge [JOD]

► ex: a-shi-oⁿ-he hi tʰaⁿ tʰi-da-taⁿ t’e-de (ášiǫhe hí tʰą tʰidáttą tʔéde) - the last of the (hunting) party came, passed and killed it (the buffalo)

► ex: naⁿ-zha wa-zhiⁿ-ka naⁿ maⁿ ki-di-ze kaⁿ-niⁿ i-ya-we, wa-zhiⁿ-ka t’e-de naⁿ-haⁿ ki-di-ze kaⁿ-niⁿ i-ya-we, maⁿ kʰe de-de naⁿ-haⁿ a-ki-de naⁿ ki-k’i kaⁿ-niⁿ i-ya-we (ną́ža wažį́ka ną mą kidizé ką-nį iyáwe, wažį́ka tʔéde nąhą́ kidizé ką-nį́ iyáwe, mą́ kʰe déde nąhą akidé ną kikʔí ką-nį́ iyáwe) - when he would shoot at a bird, he would get his arrow for him, when he killed a bird, he got it for him, if he shot an arrow off, he would go after it and give it back to him, he was moving around doing this for awhile, they said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: t’e-the (t’é-¢ĕ) - to cause to die; to kill, as by accident; to slaughter cattle; to wound a foe in battle, to scare nearly to death, slayer [JOD-Omaha]; t’e-the (t’é-the) - the kill, fatal [Omaha]; ʰts’e-the (ṭs’e-the) - to kill, to slay, to destroy by killing, to dispatch [FL-Osage]; ts’e-the (cʔéðe) - kill, slay assassinate; make die [CQ-Osage]; ts’e-ye (ts’éye) - he/she/it kill a person or animal [Kaw]

► t’e-di-de (tʔédidé) - he/she kill you

► ex: t’e-di-de (tʔédidé) - they kill thee [JOD]

► ex: wi-te-ke t’e-di-de ta e-de i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke niⁿ (wítteke tʔédidé tta edé iyí iyá maštį́ke nį) - my uncle, you have surely been killed, said the rabbit, they say [JOD]

► Dhegiha: t’e-thi-the (t’é¢i¢ĕ) - he kill you [JOD-Omaha]; ts’e-thi-the (cʔéðiðe) - they kill you [CQ-Osage]

► t’e-wa-de (tʔewade) - he/she kill them

► ex: t’e-wa-de (tʔewade) - to kill them [JOD]

► ex: t’e-wa-de (tʔéwade) - he/she killed them [JOD]

► ex: t’e-wa-de (tʔewade) - to kill them [JOD]

► ex: t’e-wa-de (tʔéwade) - them killed, they were killed [JOD]

► ex: e-toⁿ ma-shtiⁿ-ke ni-ka-shi-ka o-do-wa-ki e-koⁿ za-ni-xti t’e-wa-de koⁿ-da naⁿ i-ya (ettǫ́ maštį́ke níkkašíka odówakki ekǫ́ zaní-xti tʔewade kǫ́da ną iyá) - therefore the rabbit, who sided with the (Indians) people wanted to kill all of the black bears, they say [JOD]

► ex: a-shi-ti he-saⁿ o-ki-te wa-tʰe kdi-da-ki aⁿ-taⁿ he-saⁿ t’e-wa-de kaⁿ-niⁿ-kʰe (ášitti hesą́ okítté watʰé kdídaki ą́tą hesą́ tʔéwade ką́-nįkʰé) - so she sat awhile outside, she turned down the waist of her skirt, looking for lice on herself and killing them [JOD]

► ex: wa-zhiⁿ-ka t’e-wa-de (wažį́ka tʔewadé) - he killed the birds [JOD]

► ex: wa-sa-pa za-ni hi t’e-wa-de i-ya (wasá-ppa zaní hi tʔéwade iyá) - all of the black bears were killed, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► Dhegiha: t’e-wa-the (t’é-wa-¢ĕ) - to kill them, to slaughter them [JOD-Omaha]; ʰts’e-wa-the (ṭs’é-wa-the) - to kill them [FL-Osage]

► t’e-aⁿ-de (tʔeą́de) - we, I and one other kill [JOD]

► ex: wa-zhiⁿ-ka zho-hi hi t’e-aⁿ-de aⁿ-ka-kde te-a (wažį́ka žóhi hí tʔeą́de ąkákde tteá) - we have killed many birds, let’s go home [JOD]

► Dhegiha: t’e-aⁿ-the (t’eą́¢ĕ) - we kill him [JOD-Omaha]

► t’e-aⁿ-wa-de (tʔeą́wade) - we kill them

► ex: t’e-aⁿ-wa-de (tʔeą́wade) - we kill them [JOD]

► ex: wa-sa ke za-ni hi t’e-aⁿ-wa-de ta-i (wasá ke zaní hi tʔeą́wade taí) - let us (let’s) kill all the black bears [JOD]

► Dhegiha: t’e-aⁿ-waⁿ-the (t’éaⁿwáⁿ¢ĕ) - us kill them [JOD-Omaha]

► t’e-aⁿ-da-we (tʔéądáwe), t’e-oⁿ-da-we (tʔéǫdáwe) - we plural kill

► Dhegiha: t’e-aⁿ-tha-i (t’eáⁿ¢ai) - we cause to die, kill, slaughter [JOD-Omaha]; ʰts’e-oⁿ-tha-i (ṭs’é-oⁿ-tha i) - we slay [FL-Osage]; ts’e-aⁿ-ya-be (ts’éaⁿyàbe) - we kill a person or animal [Kaw]

► t’e-da-we (tʔédawe), t’e-da-i (t’éd¢ai) - they kill

► ex: t’e-da-we (tʔédawe) - they killed him [JOD]

► ex: wa-sa ka-hi-ke taⁿ-ka niⁿ-kʰe ni-ka-shi-ka zho-hi hi e-ti hi-wi naⁿ t’e-da-we i-ya i-we-ke i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke niⁿ-kʰe (wasá kahíke ttą́ka nįkʰe níkkašíka žóhi hi étti híwi ną́ tʔédawé iyá iwéke iyá maštį́ke nįkʰe) - they say that a great many people went there and they killed the black bear principal chief, the rabbit said to them, they say [JOD]

► ex: ko-zhi hi taⁿ o-xde naⁿ t’e-da-we i-ya (kkóži hí-tą oxdé ną tʔédawé iyá) - they went a long distance, when they overtook him, they killed him, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: e-shoⁿ-hi wa-zhiⁿ-ka zho-hi hi t’e-da-we (ešǫ́hi wažį́ka žóhi hí tʔédawe) - after some time, they killed many birds [JOD]

► ex: t’e-da-wi-a-we (tʔedawiawe) - kill a bunch of them, they say [MS]

► ex: t’e-dai (tʔédai) - they killed him [JOD]

► ex: ho-wa-tʰe-ti t’e-dai tʰe i-te i-da-ki-de te i-ye niⁿ i-ya wa-x’o zhi-ka niⁿ (hówa tʰettí tʔédai tʰe itté idákide tte iyé nį iyá waxʔóžiká nį) - the old woman said, “wherever they may have killed him, I will seek him,” they say [JOD]

► Dhegiha: t’e-tha-i (t’é¢ai) - they kill him [JOD-Omaha]; ts’e-ya-be (ts’éyabe) - they kill a person or animal [Kaw]

► t’e-aⁿ-da-we (tʔeą́dawé) - they kill me

► ex: t’e-aⁿ-da-we (tʔeą́dawé) - they killed me [JOD]

► ex: wi-e-hoⁿ t’e-aⁿ-da-we i-da-hoⁿ-bde i-ye tʰaⁿ i-ya (wíehǫ tʔeą́dawé idáhǫbde iyé tʰą iyá) - he said, “me too, they killed me, I dreamed that,” it is said (they say) [JOD]

► t’e-di-da-we (tʔédidawe) - they killed you

► ex: t’e-di-da-we (tʔédidawe) - they killed you [JOD]

► ex: “e-shoⁿ shi e-koⁿ t’e-di-da-we” i-ye niⁿ i-ya (“ešǫ́ ši ekǫ́ tʔédidawe” iyé nį iyá) - “then, you went and thus, like that, they killed you,” she was saying, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► t’e-a-wa-da-i (tʔeáwadaí) - they kill us

► ex: t’e-a-wa-dai (tʔeáwadaí) - they kill us [JOD]

► ex: “hoⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ za-ni t’e-a-wa-dai ni-hoⁿ,” i-ya-we i-ya wa-sa ke (hǫnį́ttą zaní tʔeáwadaí nihǫ́ iyáwe iyá wasá ke) - the black bears said, “how could anyone kill all of us?” they say [JOD]

► Dhegiha: t’e-a-wa-tha-i (t’éawa¢aí) - they kill us [JOD-Omaha]; t’e-a-wa-the (t’éawa¢e) - to kill us [JOD-Omaha]

► t’e-a-wa-da-we (tʔeáwadawe) - we were killed

► ex: t’e-a-wa-da-we (tʔeáwadawe) - we were killed [JOD]

► ex: za-ni-xti t’e-a-wa-da-we i-da-hoⁿ-bde (zaníxti tʔeáwadawe idáhǫbdé) - every single one, they killed us all, I dreamed that [JOD]

kill someone’s relation, etc.

► t’e-ki-de (tʔékkide) - kill someone’s (relation, etc)

► cf. t’e-de (tʔede) - kill, “cause to die”

► ex: t’e-wa-ki-da-we (tʔéwakidáwe) - they have killed our

► ex: “ka-hi-ke oⁿ-ko-ta-we, t’e-wa-ki-da-we i-ya,” i-ya-we, i-ya wa-sa ke (“kahíke ǫkóttawe, tʔéwakidáwe iyá,” iyáwe, iyá wasá ke) - “our chief, they have killed our relation, he (rabbit) said,” the black bears said, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: t’e-di-ki-de (tʔédikidé) - was killed for you plural [JOD]

► ex: ka-hi-ke taⁿ-ka t’e-di-ki-de ni-kʰa-she shoⁿ-te niⁿ-kʰe she iⁿ (kahíke ttą́ka tʔédikidé nikʰáše šǫté nįkʰe šé į) - you’all whose principal chief has been killed, here are the testicles [JOD]

► Dhegiha: t’e-gi-the (t’é-gi-¢ĕ) - to kill or slaughter his own [JOD-Omaha]; t’e-ki-the (t’é-k͓i-¢ĕ) - to kill himself, to commit suicide [JOD-Omaha]; t’e-ki-the (t’é-ki-¢ĕ) - to kill an ox, etc., intending to give it to another (not the owner); to kill another’s horse, etc., in revenger, etc., for his disadvantage; to kill a man purposely, to murder [JOD-Omaha]; t’e-gi-the (t’égithe) - suicide [Omaha]; ʰts’e-ʰki-the (ṭs’é-ḳi-the) - the killing of one’s self, suicide [FL-Osage]; ʰts’e-gi-the (ṭs’e-gi-the) - killing one’s own [FL-Osage]; ts’e-ʰki-the (cʔéʰkiðe) - kill onself, commit suicide [CQ-Osage]; ts’e-ki-ye (ts’ékiye) - to kill oneself, commit suicide; kill one another, each other [Kaw]

kill vegetation by punching

► po-ta-t’e (póttatʔe) - kill vegetation by punching ► po-a-ta-t’e (poáttatʔe) - I, po-da-ta-t’e (pódattatʔe) - you

► cf. po (po) - by shooting, blowing, punching; ta (tá) - by extreme temperature, heat or cold; t’e (tʔe) - die; ta-t’e (tátʔe) - withered from heat or cold; ba-ta-t’e (battátʔe) - kill, cause to wither; bi-ta-t’e (bittátʔe) - press to death; da-tʰa-t’e (datʰátʔe) - gnaw to death; di-ta-t’e (dittátʔe) - uproot a plant, pull up; ka-ta-t’e (kattátʔe) - kill, cut off, cause to wither; naⁿ-ta-t’e (nąttátʔe) - trample to death; pa-ta-t’e (páttatʔe) - wither, cause by cutting; ta-ta-t’e (táttatʔe) - wither from exposure to heat

► Dhegiha: tha-na-t’e-ga (thanát’ega) - kill, bite, to kill plants by biting around the roots, as rabbits do [Omaha/Ponca]; da-ʰts’e-ga (dá-ṭs’e-ga) - wilted, withered [FL-Osage]; thi-da-ts’e-ga (thi-dá-ts’e-ga) - to cause green plants to wither by rough handling [FL-Osage]; ba-da-ts’e-ga (bádats’ega) - cause a tree or bush to wilt by cutting [Kaw]; ba-da-ts’e-ga (badáts’ega) - cause vegetation to wilt punching or by rooting up the ground [Kaw]; da-ts’e-ga (dáts’ega) - be withered, killed, or injured by heat [Kaw]; ga-da-ts’e-ga (gadáts’ega) - wind to dry something a little, especially fresh meat which is hung up, by blowing on it [Kaw]; naⁿ-da-ts’e-ga (naⁿdáts’ega) - trample, make vegetation wither by treading on, as grass [Kaw]; naⁿ-da-ts’e-ye (naⁿdáts’èye) - trample, make wither by treading on, as grass [Kaw]; ya-ts’e-ga (yats’éga) - wither from being gnawed on, as a plant [Kaw]; ya-da-ts’e-ga (yadáts’ega) - kill plants by gnawing on them, as rabbits, to make vegetation wither by gnawing on the bark or at the roots, as rabbits do in winter [Kaw]; yu-da-ts’e-ga (yudáts’ega) - wilt from being pulled up, as plants, wood [Kaw]

kill with something

► i-t’e-de (itʔéde) - kill with something ► i-t’e-a-de (ítʔeáde) - I, i-t’e-da-de (ítʔedáde) - you

► cf. i (í) - by means of, with which to, with, using, as a means of or to, through, from, due to; t’e (tʔe) - die; de (de) - cause to, to cause; t’e-de (tʔede) - kill, “cause to die”

► ex: to-te i-t’e-de (tótte itʔéde) - strangle someone, “to kill by means of the throat”

► Dhegiha: i-ʰts’e-the (i-ṭs’e-the) - to kill with, with which to kill [FL-Osage]; i-ts’e-ye (its’éye) - poison [Kaw]; i-ts’e-ye (íts’eye) - kill using an instrument [Kaw]

kill, cause to wither

► ba-ta-t’e (battátʔe) - kill, cause to wither ► pa-ta-t’e (ppáttatʔe) - I, shpa-ta-t’e (špáttatʔe) - you

► cf. ba (ba) - by pushing; ta (tá) - by extreme temperature, heat or cold; t’e (tʔe) - die; ta-t’e (tátʔe) - withered from heat or cold; bi-ta-t’e (bittátʔe) - press to death; da-tʰa-t’e (datʰátʔe) - gnaw to death; di-ta-t’e (dittátʔe) - uproot a plant, pull up; ka-ta-t’e (kattátʔe) - kill, cut off, cause to wither; naⁿ-ta-t’e (nąttátʔe) - trample to death; pa-ta-t’e (páttatʔe) - wither, cause by cutting; po-ta-t’e (póttatʔe) - kill vegetation by punching; ta-ta-t’e (táttatʔe) - wither from exposure to heat

► Dhegiha: tha-na-t’e-ga (thanát’ega) - kill, bite, to kill plants by biting around the roots, as rabbits do [Omaha/Ponca]; da-ʰts’e-ga (dá-ṭs’e-ga) - wilted, withered [FL-Osage]; thi-da-ts’e-ga (thi-dá-ts’e-ga) - to cause green plants to wither by rough handling [FL-Osage]; ba-da-ts’e-ga (bádats’ega) - cause a tree or bush to wilt by cutting [Kaw]; ba-da-ts’e-ga (badáts’ega) - cause vegetation to wilt punching or by rooting up the ground [Kaw]; da-ts’e-ga (dáts’ega) - be withered, killed, or injured by heat [Kaw]; ga-da-ts’e-ga (gadáts’ega) - wind to dry something a little, especially fresh meat which is hung up, by blowing on it [Kaw]; naⁿ-da-ts’e-ga (naⁿdáts’ega) - trample, make vegetation wither by treading on, as grass [Kaw]; naⁿ-da-ts’e-ye (naⁿdáts’èye) - trample, make wither by treading on, as grass [Kaw]; ya-ts’e-ga (yats’éga) - wither from being gnawed on, as a plant [Kaw]; ya-da-ts’e-ga (yadáts’ega) - kill plants by gnawing on them, as rabbits, to make vegetation wither by gnawing on the bark or at the roots, as rabbits do in winter [Kaw]; yu-da-ts’e-ga (yudáts’ega) - wilt from being pulled up, as plants, wood [Kaw]

kill, cut off, cause to wither

► ka-ta-t’e (kattátʔe) - kill, cut off, cause to wither ► a-ta-t’e (áttatʔe) - I, da-ta-t’e (dáttatʔe) - you

► cf. ka (ka) - by striking, by action of the wind or water; ta (tá) - by extreme temperature, heat or cold; t’e (tʔe) - die; ta-t’e (tátʔe) - withered from heat or cold; ba-ta-t’e (battátʔe) - kill, cause to wither; bi-ta-t’e (bittátʔe) - press to death; da-tʰa-t’e (datʰátʔe) - gnaw to death; di-ta-t’e (dittátʔe) - uproot a plant, pull up; naⁿ-ta-t’e (nąttátʔe) - trample to death; pa-ta-t’e (páttatʔe) - wither, cause by cutting; po-ta-t’e (póttatʔe) - kill vegetation by punching; ta-ta-t’e (táttatʔe) - wither from exposure to heat

► Dhegiha: tha-na-t’e-ga (thanát’ega) - kill, bite, to kill plants by biting around the roots, as rabbits do [Omaha/Ponca]; da-ʰts’e-ga (dá-ṭs’e-ga) - wilted, withered [FL-Osage]; thi-da-ts’e-ga (thi-dá-ts’e-ga) - to cause green plants to wither by rough handling [FL-Osage]; ba-da-ts’e-ga (bádats’ega) - cause a tree or bush to wilt by cutting [Kaw]; ba-da-ts’e-ga (badáts’ega) - cause vegetation to wilt punching or by rooting up the ground [Kaw]; da-ts’e-ga (dáts’ega) - be withered, killed, or injured by heat [Kaw]; ga-da-ts’e-ga (gadáts’ega) - wind to dry something a little, especially fresh meat which is hung up, by blowing on it [Kaw]; naⁿ-da-ts’e-ga (naⁿdáts’ega) - trample, make vegetation wither by treading on, as grass [Kaw]; naⁿ-da-ts’e-ye (naⁿdáts’èye) - trample, make wither by treading on, as grass [Kaw]; ya-ts’e-ga (yats’éga) - wither from being gnawed on, as a plant [Kaw]; ya-da-ts’e-ga (yadáts’ega) - kill plants by gnawing on them, as rabbits, to make vegetation wither by gnawing on the bark or at the roots, as rabbits do in winter [Kaw]; yu-da-ts’e-ga (yudáts’ega) - wilt from being pulled up, as plants, wood [Kaw]

kill, to kill by biting

► da-sa (dasá) - to kill by biting

► cf. da (da) - by mouth

► ex: da-sa (dasá) - he killed her by biting [JOD]

► ex: shoⁿ wa-x’o zhi-ka niⁿ-kʰe da-sa taⁿ da-sniⁿ (šǫ́ waxʔó-žiká nįkʰé dasá-tą dasnį́) - he killed the old female dog, then swallowed her [JOD]

► ex: da-sa-we (dasáwe) - they bit him to death [JOD]

► ex: a-ki-da taⁿ da-sa-we i-ya-we, t’e-da-we i-ya-we (ákkida tą dasáwe iyáwe, tʔédawe iyáwe) - attacked him-when-they bit him to death-they say-they killed him-they say [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ya-sa-gi (yasági) - stun or kill by biting, as a dog might kill a rabbit [Kaw]

kill, to kill with a blow

► ka-xdi (kaxdí) - to kill with a blow [JOD] ► a-xdi (axdi) - I, da-xdi (dáxdi) - you

► ka-xdi (kaxdí) - strike down, knock senseless

► cf. ka (ka) - by striking, by action of the wind or water

► ex: da-xdi (dáxdi) - you kill him with a blow [JOD]

► ex: koi-she-taⁿ u-da-ki-de ki-ha taⁿ ka-xdi (koišéttą udákide kihá tą kaxdí) - when he (haⁿ-ka’s son) finally finished telling him (rabbit), he (rabbit) struck and killed him (haⁿ-ka’s son) [JOD]

► ex: aⁿ-xdi (ą́xdi) - I have been struck down, knocked senseless

► ex: di-a-xdi (diáxdi) - you have been atruck down, knocked senseless

► Dhegiha: ga-xthi (gaxthi) - to assault, beaten [Omaha]; ga-xthi (gaq¢í) - to stun or kill by striking with an ax or club, to beat severely [JOD-Omaha]; ga-xthi (ga-xthí) - to kill an enemy, the killing of an enemy by a war party, the striking of an enemy by a warrior, an act which entitles him to a military honor [FL-Osage]; ga-xli (gaxlí) - slay, strike down and stun, kill by striking with an instrument such as a club or ax [Kaw]

killing frost

► xaⁿ-iⁿ-ke (xą́įke) - frost, killing frost

► xaⁿ-iⁿ-ke (qaⁿ́iⁿk͓ĕ) - masculine name, Frost [JOD]

► cf. xaⁿ-iⁿ-ke zhi-ka (xą́įke žíka) - frost, light frost

► Dhegiha: xe-woⁿ-ge (qewóⁿge) - frost on the ground, but not on vegetation, be frost on the ground, but not on any vegetation that can be damaged [Omaha/Ponca]; xe-woⁿ-ge (xéwoⁿge) - frost [Omaha]; xe-moⁿ-ge (xé-moⁿ-ge) - frost, hoarfrost [FL-Osage]; xe-maⁿ-ke (xémąke) - dew, frost [CQ-Osage]; xe-maⁿ-ge (xémaⁿge) - frost [Kaw]

kind, be kind to someone

► da-x’e-de (daxʔéde) - pity, be kind to someone ▶ da-x’e-a-de (daxʔéade) - I, da-x’e-da-de (daxʔédade) - you

► cf. da-x’e-ki-de (daxʔekíde) - care for one's own; da-x’e-ki-de (daxʔékkide) - care for one for someone else; da-x’e ti-aⁿ (daxʔé tią́) - pitiable, miserable; wa-da-x’e-da-zhi (wadáxʔedáži) - mericless, pitiless

► Dhegiha: tha-’e-the (tha ethe) - pity, befriend [Omaha]; tha-ʰk’e-the (tha-ḳ’e-the) - to be tender, gentle, and sympathetic to one who suffers with grief or is in great trouble, tenderness, kind-heartedness [FL-Osage]; tha-k’e-the (ðakʔéðe) - feel sorry for, pity, be good to, be merciful to, take care of, bless [CQ-Osage]; ya-k’e-ye (yak’éye) - pity or love, bless [Kaw]

kind, some kind or other

► ta-taⁿ hi-te (táttą hitté) - some kind or other [JOD]

► cf. ta-taⁿ (táttą), ta-toⁿ (táttǫ) - what, something; hi-te (hitté), i-te (itté) - indefinite pronoun, (what)-ever; ta-taⁿ za-ni (ttátą zaní) - everything, “what/something + all”; ta-taⁿ-zhi (táttąží) - nothing, “what/something + not”

► ex: wa-hiⁿ-ska ta-taⁿ hi-te ho-taⁿ iⁿ a-wi-ki-bniⁿ a-kdi te a (wahį́ska táttą hitté hóttą į́ áwikíbnį akdí tte á) - I will bring you (my own daughter) back some kind of really good calico cloth [JOD]

► Dhegiha: da-daⁿ (dádaⁿ) - what?; something, a thing [JOD-Omaha]; da-doⁿ (dádoⁿ) - what, interrogation; whatever things [FL-Osage]; ta-taⁿ (táatą) - what (interrogative), thing(s), anything, something, what, whatever (indefinite or relative), what kind, what sort, what type, what class of (interrogative), do what (interrogative) [CQ-Osage]; da-daⁿ (dádaⁿ) - what, something, thing, things [Kaw]

kind, this kind

► de-kʰe-kaⁿ (dekʰeką́) - this kind [JOD]

► cf. de-kʰe (dékʰe) - this lying/inanimate; de-ke (déke) - these standing/animate; de (de) - this, now; kʰe (kʰe) - the singular/lying/animate or inanimate; ke (ke) - the plural/standing/animate or plural/standing/inanimate; e-kaⁿ (eką́), e-koⁿ (ekǫ́) - like, like that, as, so, thus; de-kaⁿ (déką) - this-like [JOD]; de-kaⁿ (deką́) - this sort [JOD]

► Dhegiha: the-goⁿ (thé-goⁿ) - like this, this kind [FL-Osage]; the e-goⁿ (the e-goⁿ) - in this manner [FL-Osage]; the e-koⁿ (ðée ekǫ́) - this way, that way, thus, like this, like that [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: the-kʰe (the-kʰe) - this/the horizontal; this one lies [JOD-Omaha]; the-kshe (thé-kshe) - this that lies here; this, refers to something lying down [FL-Osage]; the-kshe (ðékše) - this lying; that lying [CQ-Osage]; ye-khe (yékhe) - this, singular/lying/inanimate [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: the-ge (¢égĕ) - these; these objects [JOD-Omaha]; the-ke (ðéeke) - these scattered [CQ-Osage]

kind, what kind

► haⁿ-xti-aⁿ (hą́xtią́) - just what kind [JOD]

► cf. haⁿ (hą), hoⁿ (hǫ) - what, how, in what manner; xti (-xti) - very, real, fully

► ex: wa-naⁿ-bde haⁿ-xti-aⁿ i-ta-tʰe (waną́bde hą́xtią́ íttátʰe) - food/just what kind?/you wish to eat [JOD]

► Dhegiha: hoⁿ-xti oⁿ-xti a (hóⁿ-xti oⁿ-xti a) - what kind? [FL-Osage]; hoⁿ-xti oⁿ-xti (hóⁿ-xti oⁿ-xti) - what kind [FL-Osage]; hoⁿ-xtsi (hǫ́ǫxci), hoⁿ-xtsiⁿ (hǫ́ǫxcį), hoⁿ-xtse (hǫ́ǫxce) - what kind [CQ-Osage]

► ta-taⁿ (táttą), ta-toⁿ (táttǫ) - what, something

► ex: ta-taⁿ wa-zhiⁿ-ka e-tʰaⁿ (táttą wažį́ka etʰą) - what kind of bird is this? [JOD]

► Dhegiha: da-daⁿ (dádaⁿ) - what; something, a thing [JOD-Omaha]; da-doⁿ (dádoⁿ) - what, interrogation; whatever things [FL-Osage]; ta-taⁿ (táatą) - what (interrogative), thing(s), anything, something, what, whatever (indefinite or relative), what kind, what sort, what type, what class of (interrogative), do what (interrogative) [CQ-Osage]; da-daⁿ (dádaⁿ) - what, something, thing, things [Kaw]

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