Quapaw Dictionary

English to Quapaw Dictionary
A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H-I-J-K-L-M-N-O-P-Q-R-S-T-U-V-W-X-Y-Z
Quapaw Sources	Dhegiha Sources

Kansa - kind kindle - knuckle

kindle

► te-de (téde) - light a fire, kindle ► te-a-de (téade) - I, te-da-de (tédade) - you, te-oⁿ-da-we (Téǫdawe) - we

► te-de (téde) - make a fire (kindle) [OM]

► cf. o-te-de (ottéde), (otéde) - fireplace; pe-ti-te-de (ppettíttede) - match, “pe-te (ppétte) - fire + te-de (téde) - light a fire, kindle”

► ex: ma-ze te-de (máze téde), ma-ze ta-de (máze táde) - stove [MS]

► Dhegiha: ne-the (né-¢ĕ) - to kindle a fire [JOD-Omaha]; dse-the (dsé-the), ʰtse-the (ṭsé-the) - to kindle as a fire, to kindle the fire, to kindle a fire [FL-Osage]; jhe-ye (ǰéye), (djeyĕ) - to kindle a fire [JOD-Kaw]

► Dhegiha: u-ne-the (unethe) - hearth, fireplace [Omaha]; u-ne-the (u-né-¢ĕ) - the firplace of a lodge or tent [JOD-Omaha]; u-dse-the (u-dsé-the) - a place hollowed out in the ground in which to place or kindle a fire, put fire into [FL-Osage]; o-tse-the (océðe) - build a fireplace or fire, fireplace or fire for cooking or warming oneself, place to build a fire, stove [CQ-Osage]; o-jhe-ye (oǰéye) - fireplace [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: a-dse-the (á-dse-the) - to build a fire on [FL-Osage]; a-tse-the (áceðe) - build a fire on [CQ-Osage]; a-je-ye (ájeye) - kindle a fire on an object [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: i-ne-the (inéthe) - burn, to set something on fire, burn something, cause something to burn [Omaha/Ponca]; i-ne-the (inethe) - kindle fire [Omaha]; i-je-ye (ijéye) - kindle, build a fire at/in a place [Kaw]

kingbird or bee martin

► wa-zhiⁿ-shki (wažį́ški) - kingbird or bee martin, Tyrannus tyrannus

► cf. wa-zhiⁿ (wažį́) - bird, shortened from wa-zhiⁿ-ka (wažį́ka), not to be confused with wa-zhiⁿ (wažį́) - disposition, will, mind, personality; wa-zhiⁿ-ka (wažį́ka) - bird; wa-zhiⁿ to (wažį́ tto) - paroquet; wa-zhiⁿ zha ma-ni (wažį žá máni) - nuthatch, lit. “walks upside down”; mutch-hotch; wa-zhiⁿ zhi-te (wažį́ žítte) - cardinal, also tanager; wa-zhiⁿ aⁿ-xa-ke (wažį́ ą́γaké) - mocking bird, lit. “crying bird”; wa-zhiⁿ da-kniⁿ (wa-jiⁿ́ d^¢á-kt^çiⁿ) - Pretty Bird, Handsome Bird, masculine name of the Kwapa Bird gens; Pretty Bird [JOD]; wa-zhiⁿ ska (wa-jiⁿ ská) - masculine name of the Kwapa wa-zhiⁿ-ka (wajiñk͓a) or Bird gens; White Bird (near by) [JOD]; wa-zhiⁿ haⁿ-ka (wa-jiⁿ́ hañ-k͓á) - masculine name of the Kwapa wa-zhiⁿ-ka (wajiñk͓a) or Bird gens; Ancestral or First Bird (Angel, Ancestral or First Bird, Sacred Bird, personal name of Louis Angell, Tallchief, ka-hi-ke ste-te, Maude Supernaw stated that her father, Louis Angell, belonged to the Snake Clan.) [JOD]; wa-zhiⁿ mi te-xi (wa-jiⁿ́ mi té-qi) - female name of the Kwapa wa-zhiⁿ-ka (wajiñk͓a) or Bird gens; Bird Female Difficult to be won or captured [JOD]

► Dhegiha: wa-zhiⁿ-ga (wa-zhíⁿga), wa-zhiⁿ (wazhíⁿ) - any bird, chicken, fowl [Omaha]; wa-zhiⁿ-ga (wa-jiñ́-ga) - the generic name for small birds [JOD-Omaha]; wa-zhiⁿ-ga (wa-zhíⁿ-ga), wa-zhiⁿ (wazhíⁿ) - bird [FL-Osage]; wa-zhiⁿ-ka (wažį́ka), wa-zhiⁿ (wažį́) - bird [CQ-Osage]; wa-zhiⁿ-ga (wazhíⁿga), wa-zhiⁿ (wazhíⁿ) - bird, small birds [Kaw]

kingfisher

► ti-ta-shka (ttittáška) - kingfisher

► cf. ti-ta ni-ka (ttittá níkka) - bluejay; ti-ta ni-ka (ttittá níkka) - jaybird (bluejay) [MS]; di-ta (dítta) - dove; di-ta pa-ta-ho (dittá ppattáho) - turtle dove [MS]; di-ta wa-ta-kde (dittá wattákde) - pigeon

kiss

► i-ha ki-kde (íha kikdé) - kiss, “mouths joined together” [MS]

► cf. i-ha (íha) - mouth; ki-kde (kikdé) - joined, together, touching; a-ki-ki-kde i-he-de (ákkikkíkde ihéde) - put two long inanimate objects, e.g., books, planks, so their ends touch; a-ki-ki-kde i-tʰe-de (ákkikkíkde itʰéde) - put two standing, inanimate objects so their ends touch

► Dhegiha: i-a-ki-gtha (íakigtha) - kiss [Omaha]; i-a-gi-ki-gthe (íagikígthe), i-a-gi-kʰi-gthe (iágikʰígthe) - kiss, to kiss one’s own [Omaha/Ponca]; i-ha a-ʰki-gthe (í-ha a-ḳi-gthe) - to kiss [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: u-ki-gthe (ukigthe) - join [Omaha]; e-shoⁿ ki-gthe (eshoⁿ kigthe) - close together [Omaha]; u-ʰki-gthe (u-ḳí-gthe), u-gi-ʰki-gthe (u-gí-ḳi-gthe) - to splice [FL-Osage]; a-ʰki-ʰki-gthe (á-ḳi-ḳi-gthe) - to join two boards or poles [FL-Osage]; a-ki-ki-le (akíkile) - joined at the ends making a joint, as two boards; stacked on top of each other [Kaw]

knee

► shi-noⁿ-te (šinǫ́tte) - knee

► shi-noⁿ-te (šinǫ́tte) - knee [MS]

► cf. shi-noⁿ-te wa-haⁿ-haⁿ (šinǫ́tte wáhąhą́) - kneecap, knee-pan

► ex: shi-noⁿ-te niⁿ-kʰe (šinǫ́tte-nįkʰé) - the knee

► Dhegiha: shi-noⁿ-de (shinóⁿde) - knee, including the area around the kneecap [Omaha/Ponca]; shi-noⁿ-de (shinóⁿde) - knee [Omaha]; shi-noⁿ-dse (shi-nóⁿ-dse), shi-thoⁿ-dse (shi-thóⁿ-dse) - knee, that part of the leg around the kneepan [FL-Osage]; shi-oⁿ-tse (šíǫce) - knee [CQ-Osage]; shi-yaⁿ-je (shiyáⁿje) - knee [Kaw]

knee, leg above the knee, thigh

► de-ta-ba-ko (déttabakkó) - leg above the knee, thigh

► cf. de-ta (détta) - upper part of leg; de-ta-ba-kaⁿ (déttabákką) - front part of upper leg; de-ta-ba-ko wa-hi (déttabakkó wahí) - femur, thigh bone; ba-ko (bakkó) - bent

► Dhegiha: ba-ʰko noⁿ-zhiⁿ e (bá-ḳo noⁿ-zhiⁿ é) - to stand bent over [FL-Osage]; pa-k’o (paakʔó) - stoop over a little [CQ-Osage]

knee, leg below the knee

► hi-naⁿ-pe-hi (hinąppéhi), hi-noⁿ-pe-hi (hinǫppéhi) - leg below the knee

► cf. hi-naⁿ-pe-hi wa-hi (hinąppéhi wahí) - tibia; hi (hi) - tree, bush, vine, stalk, leg

► Dhegiha: noⁿ-xpe-hi (noⁿxpehi) - shin [Omaha]; noⁿ-xpe-hi (nóⁿ-xpe-hi) - the shin, that part of the leg between the knee and the ankle [FL-Osage]; na-xpe-hu (náxpehu) - shin; tibia and fibula (the two bones of the lower leg) [Kaw]

kneecap, knee-pan

► shi-noⁿ-te wa-haⁿ-haⁿ (šinǫ́tte wáhąhą́) - kneecap, knee-pan

► cf. shi-noⁿ-te (šinǫ́tte) - knee

► ex: shi-noⁿ-te wa-haⁿ-haⁿ niⁿ-kʰe (šinǫ́tte wáhąhą́ nįkʰé) - the kneecap

knees, stand with knees apart, spread

► ka-bda-zhe (kabdáže) - spread, stand with knees apart ► aⁿ-bda-zhe (ą́bdaže) - I, di-a-bda-zhe (diábdaže) - you

► cf. a-ka-bda-zhe (ákabdaže) - straddle something

► Dhegiha: ga-btha-zhe gthiⁿ (ga-bthá-zhe gthiⁿ) - to sit Turk fashion, as a tailor [FL-Osage]; ga-bla-zhe (gablázhe) - straddle something [Kaw]; ga-bla-zhe liⁿ (gablázhe liⁿ) - sit with legs apart [Kaw]

knife

► ma-hiⁿ (máhį) - knife

► ma-hiⁿ (máhį) - knife [MS, OM]

► ma-hiⁿ (mo-hih) - knife (couteau) [GI]

► maⁿ-hi (mą́hi) - knife [FS]

► maⁿ-hi (maⁿhī) - knife [MH]

► cf. maⁿ-hiⁿ si (mą́hį sí) - arrowhead

► ex: ma-hiⁿ kʰe (máhį kʰe) - the knife

► ex: ma-hiⁿ shkoⁿ-ta e (máhį škǫtta e) - do you want a knife?

► Dhegiha: ma-hiⁿ (máhiⁿ), moⁿ-hiⁿ (móⁿhiⁿ) - knife [Omaha/Ponca]; moⁿ-hiⁿ (moⁿhiⁿ) - knife, dagger, blade [Omaha]; moⁿ-hiⁿ (móⁿ-hiⁿ) - knife [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-hiⁿ (mą́ąhį) - knife [CQ-Osage]; maⁿ-hiⁿ (máⁿhiⁿ) - knife [Kaw]

► ma-ze we-pa-shtu (mozeh-wepaschtŭh) - knife (épée) [GI]

► cf. ma-ze (máze) - iron; we (wé) - with, with which to; pa-shte (pášte) - cut

knife handle

► ma-hiⁿ i-ba (máhį ibá) - knife handle

► cf. ma-hiⁿ (máhį) - knife; i-ba (íba) - stem, handle

► ex: ta-ni-ba i-ba (taníba íba) - pipestem

► Dhegiha: i-ba (íba) - handle [Omaha/Ponca]; i-ba (í-ba) - handle [FL-Osage]; i-ba (íba) - handle [Kaw]

knife sheath

► ma-hiⁿ oⁿ-he (máhį ǫhe) - knife sheath

► cf. ma-hiⁿ (máhį) - knife; oⁿ-he (ǫhé) - put or lay singular/lying/inanimate object inside something

► Dhegiha: ma-hiⁿ u-he (máhiⁿ uhé) - knife sheath, knife case [Omaha/Ponca]; moⁿ-hiⁿ u-he (móⁿ-hiⁿ-u-he) - knife scabbard [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-hi o-he (máⁿhi òhe), maⁿ-ho-he (máⁿhohe) - scabbard, knife sheath [Kaw]

► maⁿ-hi o-pʰa (maⁿhī opä) - sheath (knife), alleged to be Quapaw made, I doubt it, from John Quapaw [MH]

knife, bleed someone with a knife

► pa-wa-paiⁿ (páwappaį) - bleed someone with a knife ► pa-a-paiⁿ (páappaį́) - I, pa-da-wa-paiⁿ (pádawappaį́) - you

► cf. pa (pá) - by cutting with a knife; wa-paiⁿ (wappaį́) - blood; ba-wa-paiⁿ (bawappaį́) - prick and cause to bleed; da-wa-paiⁿ (dawappaį́) - bite and draw blood; di-wa-paiⁿ (diwappaį́) - scratch and draw blood, as a cat; ka-wa-paiⁿ kawappaį́) - cut, slash and cause to bleed; naⁿ-wa-paiⁿ (nąwappaį́) - bleed, cause by kicking; po-wa-paiⁿ (pówappaį́) - cause to bleed from a thrust; wa-paiⁿ kaⁿ (wappaį́ kką) - vein, artery; wa-paiⁿ kaⁿ po-si-si (wappaį́ kką pósisí) - pulse

► Dhegiha: wa-mi (wamí) - bleed, bloody [Omaha/Ponca]; wa-biⁿ (wa-biⁿ́) - blood, bleeding [FL-Osage]; wa-piⁿ (wa-pį́), wa-peiⁿ (wapéį) - bleed, blood [CQ-Osage]; wa-biⁿ (wa-bíⁿ) - blood [Kaw]

knife, cut along the edge with a knife

► pa-zi-pa (pázippa) - cut along the edge with a knife ► pa-a-zi-pa (páazíppa) - I, pa-da-zi-pa (pádazíppa) - you

► cf. pa (pá) - by cutting with a knife; ba-zi-pa (bazíppa) - edge, nudge, push on edge; bi-zi-pa (bizíppa) - sit/lie on the edge, to perch; da-zi-pa (dazíppa) - bite along the edge, nip; di-zi-pa (dizíppa) - grasp or hold by the edge; ka-zi-pa (kazíppa) - chop, cut at the edge; kdi-zi-pa (kdizíppa) - hold, grasp edge of one's own; ki-di-zi-pa (kídizippa) - hold along the edge for someone; naⁿ-zi-pa (nązíppa) - walk along the edge of something; po-zi-pa (pózippa) - punch along the edge of something; ta-zi-pa (tázippa) - burn along the edge of something

knife, cut into small pieces with knife

► pa-shoⁿ-shoⁿ (pášǫšǫ) - cut into small pieces with knife ► pa-a-shoⁿ-shoⁿ (páašǫšǫ) - I, pa-da-shoⁿ-shoⁿ (pádašǫšǫ) - you

► cf. pa (pá) - by cutting with a knife; shoⁿ-shoⁿ (šǫ́šǫ) - round, spherical; di-shoⁿ-shoⁿ (dišǫ́šǫ) - mould spherical with hands

knife, cut notches with a knife

► pa-ti-te (páttitte) - cut notches with a knife ► pa-a-ti-te (páattítte) - I, pa-da-ti-te (pádattítte) - you, pa-oⁿ-ti-te-we (Paǫ́ttittewe) - we

► cf. pa (pá) - by cutting with a knife; ti-te (ttítte) - notched; di-ti-te (dittitté) - tear notches, scallops in something; ka-ti-te (kattítte) - strike notches in something

knife, cut off with a knife

► pa-se (páse) - cut off with a knife ► pa-a-se (páase) - I, pa-da-se (pádase) - you

► cf. pa (pá) - by cutting with a knife; ma-ze-pa wa-da-se (mazéppa wadáse) - katydid, lit. “bites off a teat”; di-se (disé) - pick, harvest corn

► Dhegiha: ba-se (bá-çe) - to cut hair, cord, or rope with a knife [FL-Osage]; pa-se (páse) - cut with a sharp edge [CQ-Osage]; pa-se (paasé) - cut up, cut into pieces, lit., ‘cut by pushing down’, cut off by using a pushing motion [CQ-Osage]; ba-se (báse) - slice, cut bread meat, etc. [Kaw]

knife, cut short with a knife

► pa-te-shka (pátteška) - cut short with a knife ► pa-a-te-shka (páattéška) - I, pa-da-te-shka (pádattéška) - you

► cf. pa (pá) - by cutting with a knife; te-shka (ttešká) - short, stubby; ma-ze te-shka (mazé ttéška) - pistol; bi-te-shka (bittešká) - press down, rub down; da-te-shka (dattešká) - bite off, shorten; di-te-shka (dittešká), (dittéška) - shorten, cut short, saw off; ka-te-shka (kattešká) - shorten by chopping off; po-te-shka (pótteška) - shorten by shooting/punching; ta-te-shka (tátteška) - shorten by burning, burn off; ta-te-shka-de (tátteškade) - shorten by burning, burn off

► Dhegiha: te-shka (téshka), che-shka (chéshka) - short [Omaha/Ponca]; je-shka (jeshka) - short [Omaha]; ʰpa-xpe ʰtse-shka (p̣a-xpe ṭse-shka) - the short stunted oak [FL-Osage]

knife, dig with knife, spade or paws

► di-k’o (dikʔó) - dig with knife, spade or paws ► bdi-k’o (bdíkʔo) - I, ti-k’o (ttíkʔo) - you

► cf. wa-ka-k’o (wakákʔo) - paw the ground, as dog or horse; we-ba-k’o (wébakʔo) - scraper or flesher for hides; we-ka-k’o (wékakʔo) - flesher for hides; di-ko-ko (dikóko) - digs out often [JOD]; di-ko-te (dikótte) - dig out, probe; o-di-x’o-te (odíxʔotte) - bore a hole; o-x’o-te (oxʔótte) - hole, natural opening

► Dhegiha: yu-k’o (yuk'ó) - scrape clean, dig up [Kaw]; a-yu-k’o (áyuk'o), a-yi-k’o (áyik'o) - dig a hole with the hands [Kaw]; ba-ʰk’u (ba-ḳ’ú) - to dig a ditch [FL-Osage]; pa-k’o (paakʔó) - dig, dig a grave [CQ-Osage]

knife, fail to cut something with a knife

► pa-shnoⁿ-da (pášnǫda) - fail to cut something with a knife ► pa-a-shnoⁿ-da (páašnǫda) - I, pa-da-shnoⁿ-da (pádašnǫda) - you

► cf. pa (pá) - by cutting with a knife; ba-shnoⁿ-da (bašnǫ́da) - push at and fail or miss; bi-shnoⁿ-da (bišnǫ́da) - fail, miss applying pressure; da-shnoⁿ-da (dašnǫ́da) - slip in eating, talking, etc.; di-shnoⁿ-da (dišnǫ́da) - let slip, fumble something; ka-shnoⁿ-da (kašnǫ́da) - miss the mark striking at something; naⁿ-shnoⁿ-da (nąšnǫ́da) - lose one’s footing, slip; po-shnoⁿ-da (póšnǫda) - miss a target shooting

► Dhegiha: zhnoⁿ (zhnoⁿ) - verb root, to miss, let fall, zhnoⁿ-tha (c͓naⁿ¢a), ba-zhnoⁿ (bac͓naⁿ), bu-zhnoⁿ (buc͓naⁿ), tha-zhnoⁿ (¢ac͓naⁿ), thi-zhnoⁿ (¢ic͓naⁿ), ga-zhnoⁿ (gac͓naⁿ), ma zhnoⁿ (mac͓naⁿ), mu-zhnoⁿ (muc͓naⁿ) [Omaha/Ponca]

knife, flay or skin with a knife

► di-xa (diγá) - flay, skin with a knife ► bdi-xa (bdíγa) - I, ti-xa (ttíγa) - you

► Dhegiha: thi-xa-be (thi-xá-be) - to flay, to strip off skin, to torture [FL-Osage]; gha-be (ghábe), gha-we (gháwe) - root flay, strip, remove skin [Kaw]

knife, gash or cut with a knife blade

► pa-ste (páste) - gash, cut with a knife blade ► pa-a-ste (páaste) - I, pa-da-ste (pádaste) - you

► cf. pa (pá) - by cutting with a knife; pa-ste-ste (pásteste) - cut to slivers, split often; o-ste (oste) - crack, cracked, split; o-ste-ke (ostéke) - crack, split; ba-ste (basté) - cut into, gash; bi-ste (bisté) - split, gash; da-ste (dasté) - split with teeth; di-ste (disté) - split, pull off string; o-di-ste (odíste) - split by pulling a knife through; ka-ste (kasté) - gash, split something; o-ka-ste (okáste) - split something by striking; naⁿ-ste (nąsté) - kick a gash in something; po-ste (póste) - graze shooting and gash

knife, make cracking sound with knife

► pa-to-zhe (páttože) - cracking sound, make with knife ► pa-a-to-zhe (páattóže) - I, pa-da-to-zhe (pádattóže) - you, pa-oⁿ-to-zha-we (Páǫttóžawe) - we

► cf. pa (pá) - by cutting with a knife; ba-to-zhe (battóže) - crack, make sound pushing; bi-to-zhe (bittóže) - crack, make sound by pressure; da-to-zhe (dattóže) - crunch with teeth; naⁿ-pe di-to-zhe (nąpé dittóže) - crack one's finger joints; ka-to-zhe (kattóže) - cracking sound hitting something; naⁿ-to-zhe (nąttóže) - crack, make sound by treading; po-to-zhe (póttože) - crack, make sound thrusting; ta-to-zhe (táttože) - cracking sound made by burning

knife, pocket knife, pen knife

► ma-hiⁿ zhi-ka (máhį žíka) - pocket knife, pen knife

► cf. ma-hiⁿ (máhį) - knife; zhi-ka (žíka) - small, little

► Dhegiha: moⁿ-hiⁿ zhiⁿ-ga (moⁿhiⁿ zhiⁿga) - pocket knife [Omaha]; moⁿ-hiⁿ zhiⁿ-ga (móⁿ-hiⁿ zhiⁿ-ga) - little knife, pen knife [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-hiⁿ zhiⁿ-ga (máⁿhiⁿ zhiⁿga) - pocket knife [Kaw]

knife, ruin by cutting with a knife

► pa-shi-ke (pášike) - ruin by cutting with a knife ► pa-a-shi-ke (páašíke) - I, pa-da-shi-ke (pádašíke) - you

► cf. pa (pá) - by cutting with a knife; shi-ke (šíke) - bad, ugly; ba-shi-ke (bašiké) - ruin by poking a hole in; bi-shi-ke (bišíke) - ruin by pressing, squash; da-shi-ke (dašíke) - speak badly of or incorrectly; di-shi-ke (díšiké) - ruin by tearing, do wrong; ka-shi-ke (kašíke) - spoil something by striking it; naⁿ-shi-ke (nąšíke) - spoil something by stepping on it; po-shi-ke (póšike) - spoil something by punching it; ta-shi-ke (tášíke) - ruin something by burning it

knife, split by pulling a knife through

► o-di-ste (odíste) - split by pulling a knife through ► o-bdi-ste (obdíste) - I, o-ti-ste (ottíste) - you

► cf. di-ste (disté) - split, pull off string; di-ste-ste (distéste) - pull into shreds, slivers; o-ste (oste) - crack, cracked, split; o-ste-ke (ostéke) - crack, split; ba-ste (basté) - cut into, gash; ba-ste-ste (bastéste) - cut to shreds, stab repeatedly; bi-ste (bisté) - split, gash; da-ste (dasté) - split with teeth; ka-ste (kasté) - gash, split something; ka-ste-ste (kastéste) - cut or beat to shreds/slivers; ka-ste-ste-ye (kastésteye) - to have cut to shreds; o-ka-ste (okáste) - split something by striking; naⁿ-ste (nąsté) - kick a gash in something; pa-ste (páste) - gash, cut with a knife blade; po-ste (póste) - graze shooting and gash

knife, to cut out a piece or portion with a knife

► pa-shpe (pášpĕ) - to cut out a piece or portion with a knife [JOD] ► pa-a-shpe (páašpe) - I

► cf. pa-shpa-shpa (pášpašpa) - dice, cut into small pieces; di-shpe (dišpé) - pull off something adhering; i-di-shpe (ídišpe) - break off, break out; di-shpa-shpa (dišpášpa) - tear into pieces; ka-shpe (kašpé) - cut off, knock off a piece; i-ka-shpe (íkašpe) - break from weight; o-shpe (ošpé) - fragment; zhoⁿ o-toⁿ o-shpe (žǫ́ ottǫ́ ošpé) - trees in a curvilinear clump; zhoⁿ o-toⁿ o-shpa-shpa (žǫ́ ottǫ́ ošpášpa) - trees in scattered clumps

► ex: pa-a-shpe (páašpe) - I cut out the piece with a knife [JOD]

► ex: “shaⁿ-iⁿ-te xwiⁿ niⁿ-kʰe pa-a-shpe naⁿ oⁿ-bde naⁿ ho-taⁿ te, i-ye,” i-yi, i-ya-we (“šą́įtte xwį́ nįkʰé páašpe ną ǫbdé ną hóttą tté, iyé,” iyí, iyáwe) - well, when I cut out the bad/offensive smelling part and I throw it away, then it will be good, he said that,” she said, they say [JOD]

► ex: pa-shpe (pášpe) - to cut it out with a knife (that portion) [JOD]

► ex: “shaⁿ-iⁿ-te xwiⁿ niⁿ-kʰe pa-shpe naⁿ oⁿ-de naⁿ ho-taⁿ te,” i-yi (“šą́įtte xwį nįkʰe pášpe ną ǫde ną hóttą tte,” iyí, iyáwe) - “well, when the bad/offensive smelling part is cut out and thrown away, then it will be good,” he said that, they say [JOD]

► ex: pa-shpe (pašpé) - cut out a piece with a knife [JOD]

► ex: wa-sa zho pa-shpe a-niⁿ kdi (wasá žo pašpé anį́ kdi) - she cut a piece of the black bear meat/flesh and brought it home [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ma-shpe (máshpe) - to cut off a large piece with a knife or handsaw [Omaha/Ponca]; ba-shpe (bá-shpe) - to cut a piece of fruit or vegetable with a knife [FL-Osage]; pa-shpe (paašpé), pa-shpu (paašpú) - cut corn, fresh corn cut off the cob [CQ-Osage]; ba-shpe (báshpe) - cut off a piece of something with a knife or saw [Kaw]; ba-shpe (bashpé) - push off a piece of something; push a piece off of the edge of an object by holding the end of a stick or something similar firmly against it [Kaw]

knife, wear away a knife blade

► pa-to-ke (páttoke) - wear away a knife blade ► pa-a-to-ke (páattoke) - I, pa-da-to-ke (pádattoke) - you, pa-oⁿ-to-ke (Páǫttoke) - we, I and one other

► cf. ba-to-ke (battóke) - wear away, wear out; bi-to-ke (bittóke) - wear away by rubbing or file; da-to-ke (dattóke) - dull, wear the teeth, blunt; di-to-ke (dittóke) - dull, blunt a tool; ka-to-ke (kattóke) - wear down by striking, to dull; naⁿ-to-ke (nąttóke) - wear down by walking, as shoes; po-to-ke (póttoke) - dull by punching, as a spear

knob, door knob

► o-naⁿ-taⁿ di-shi-we (oną́ttą díšiwe) - door knob

► cf. di-shi-we (dišíwe) - open up, open

► Dhegiha: thi-shi-be (thishibe) - open, unlock, uncap, unhitch [Omaha]; thi-shi-be (thi-shí-be) - to open anything that has a lid or a door [FL-Osage]; thi-shu-be (thi-shú-be) - to open or unfasten a door [FL-Osage]; thi-shu-pe (ðiišúpe) - open, unlock and open [CQ-Osage]; yu-shu-be (yushúbe), yu-shu-we (yushúwe) - open, as a door or a sacred bundle, unlock [Kaw]

knob, knobby, knot

► ta-xe (ttáxe) - knob, knobby, knot

► cf. si ta-xe (sittáxe) - ankle; si ta-xe wa-hi (sittáxe wahí) - ankle bone

► Dhegiha: si ta-xe (sitáxe) - ankle, lump at each side of ankle, protrusion of the ankle bones [Omaha/Ponca]; ta-ta-xe (tataxe) - knobby [Omaha]; si ta-xe (çi táxe) - ankle bones [Omaha]; ʰta-xe (ṭa-xe) - knot, knob, knobbed [FL-Osage]; hi-ʰkoⁿ ʰta-xe (hí-ḳoⁿ ṭa-xe) - the ankle bone [FL-Osage]; do-dse ʰta-xe (dó-dse ṭa-xe) - adam’s apple, the knob of the throat [FL-Osage]; siu-ʰka hiu ʰta-xe (çiú-ḳa-hiu-ḳoⁿ ṭa-xe) - pin, “knobbed turkey leg” [FL-Osage]; ʰtsi-zhe-be ʰta-xe (ṭsí-zhe-be ṭa-xe) - door knob or door knot [FL-Osage]; zhoⁿ ʰta-xe (zhoⁿ-ṭa-xe) - a knot in wood [FL-Osage]; naⁿ-xa-hu ta-ghe (náⁿxahù tàghe) - camel [Kaw]; si ta-xe (sitáxe) - ankle [Kaw]

knock around, turn by hitting

► ka-bni-da (kabnída) - knock around, turn by hitting ► a-bni-da (ábnida) - I, da-bni-da (dábnida) - you, oⁿ-ka-bni-da-we (ǫkábnidawe) - we

► cf. be-bniⁿ (bébnį), be-bni (bébni) - twisted, curled, spiral; o-di-bdi (ódibdí) - spiral motion

► Dhegiha: ga-bthiⁿ-tha (ga-b¢íⁿ-¢a) - to make a large log roll into place by striking it, also said of a large log, rolling a little of its own accord, as when it is put into place in building a house [JOD-Omaha]; a-ka-bthiⁿ-tha (akábthiⁿtha) - capsize [Omaha]

► Dhegiha: thi-bthiⁿ-tha (thi-bthíⁿ-tha) - to twist, as a person’s foot or leg; to twist the foot [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: ga-bthi-zhe (ga-bthí-zhe) - to knock one down with the fist [FL-Osage]; ga-bli-zhe (gablízhe), ga-blu-zhe (gablúzhe) - knock down by striking; wind to knock down suddenly by blowing on [Kaw]

knock aside, turn aside

► ka-ha-ta de-de (kahátta déde) - knock aside, turn aside ► a-ha-ta de-a-de (áhatta déade) - I, da-ha-ta de-da-de (dáhatta dedade) - you

► cf. ka (ka) - by striking; de-de (déde) - sent away, causative of go; ba-ha-ta (bahattá) - pick up with pointed object; ba-ha-ta de-de (bahátta déde) - brush aside; bi-ha-ta de-de (bihátta déde) - lever, weight, press on end; di-ha-ta (díhattá) - lift something; di-ha-ta de-de (dihátta déde) - lift, pull up suddenly; naⁿ-ha-ta de-de (nąhátta déde) - lift with the foot; po-ha-ta de-de (póhatta déde) - poke something in order to lift it

knock down, cut down, fell

► ka-xa-da (kaxáda) - fell, cut down, knock down ► a-xa-da (áxada) - I, da-xa-da (dáxada) - you

► cf. ka (ka) - by striking; bi-xa-da (bixáda) - cause to fall of own weight; di-xa-da (dixáda) - pull over, topple, flip; naⁿ-xa-da (nąxadá) - kick over, topple with the foot; ta-xa-da (táxadá) - topple by burning, burn down; ta-xa-da-de (táxadadé) - topple by burning away base; po-xa-da (póxada) - knock over punching, topple

knock into view

► ba-wa-di-shta (bawádišta) - knock into view ► pa-wa-di-shta (ppáwadišta) - I, shpa-wa-di-shta (špáwadišta) - you

► cf. ba (ba) - by pushing; wa-di-shta (wadíšta) - visible, plain; da-wa-di-shta (dawádištá) - declare a thing to be; ka-wa-di-shta (kawádišta) - uncover, open up; naⁿ-wa-di-shta (nąwádišta) - uncover with the feet; po-wa-di-shta (pówadišta) - punch, shoot into view; ta-wa-di-shta (táwadíšta) - burn off, clear by burning

► Dhegiha: ba-wa-thi-shna (ba-wá-¢i-c͓na) - to punch at an object under the surface of the water, etc., making it appear [JOD-Omaha]; shi-wa-thi-shna (shíwathishna) - appear [Omaha]; thi-wa-thi-shna (thi wathishna) - reveal, show, bring out [Omaha]; wa-yu-shta (wayúshta) - visible, to be in sight [Kaw]

knock off a piece, cut off

► ka-shpe (kašpé) - cut off, knock off a piece

► cf. ka (ka) - by striking; o-shpe (ošpé) - fragment; i-ka-shpe (íkašpe) - break from weight; di-shpe (dišpé) - pull off something adhering; di-shpa-shpa (dišpášpa) - tear into pieces; i-di-shpe (ídišpe) - break off, break out; pa-shpe (pašpé) - cut out a piece with a knife, to cut it out with a knife (that portion) [JOD]; pa-shpa-shpa (pášpašpa) - dice, cut into small pieces

► Dhegiha: ga-shpe (ga-shpé) - bit, a small coin valued at 12 1/2 cents [FL-Osage]; ka-shpe (kašpé) - bit, portion of any item, twelve and a half cents [CQ-Osage]; ga-shpe (gashpé) - cut in two, cut loose from, cut, chip, or knock a piece off from, as with an ax [Kaw]

knock off, cause to fall off

► o-ka-xpa-de (okáxpade) - knock off, cause to fall off ► o-a-ka-xpa-de (oákaxpade) - I, o-da-ka-xpa-de (odákaxpade) - you

► cf. ka (ka) - by striking, wind, water; o-xpa-de (oxpáde) - fall from a height; ni ox-pa-de (ní oxpáde) - waterfall; mi-ka-x’e o-xpa-de (mikkáxʔe oxpáde) - meteor, shooting star, falling star; o-ka-xpa (okáxpa) - Quapaw, people who went downstream; Quapaw gens (clan) of the same tribe, dwelt on right side of tribal circle; o-ka-xpa-ki-de (okáxpakkíde) - be adopted as a Quapaw, “cause to be Quapaw”; o-ka-xpa-xti (okáxpaxti) - town name: “Real Quapaws”; o-ki-xpa-de (okíxpade) - lose something; o-bi-xpa-de (obíxpade) - fall, cause by pressure/weight; o-naⁿ-xpa-de (oną́xpade) - kick something down; o-ka-xpa-de (okáxpade) - knock off, cause to fall off; o-di-xpa-de (odíxpade) - pull off and cause to fall; o-ba-xpa-de (obáxpade) - push off and cause to fall; o-po-xpa-de (opóxpade) - shoot down; ka-xpa (káxpa) - south wind; o-ka-xpa i-de (okáxpa idé) - south, wind or quarter

► Dhegiha: u-ga-xpa-the (u-gá-xpa-the) - to be thrown from a horse [FL-Osage]; o-ga-xpa-ye (ogáxpaye) - knock somebody off from a height, as from a horse, perch, etc. [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: u-ga-xpa (ugaxpa) - Quapaw Tribe [Omaha]; u-ga-xpa (u-gá-xpa) - Quapaw [FL-Osage]; o-ka-xpa (okáxpa) - Quapaw Indians; throw off, suddenly severing or moving something or someone from something [CQ-Osage]; o-ga-xpa (ogáxpa) - Quapaw tribe or people, “the down-stream people,” so called because their ancestors went down the Mississippi, while the Omahas, Ponca, Osages, and Kansa, went up that stream, after leaving the mouth of the Ohio (River). The Ogáxpa or Kwapas have been called Shappas, Shapahas, Kapahas, Quappas, Quapaws, etc. They were also known in early colonial days as the Akansa or Arkansa. [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: u-xpa-the (uqpá¢ĕ) - lost, it be lost, to fall, to fall from a height [JOD-Omaha]; u-xpa-the (uxpathe) - fell, fall [Omaha]; u-xpa-the-tha (uxpathe tha) - lost article [Omaha]; u-xpa-the (u-xpá-the) - lost, to become lost; to fall; to feel around with the hands in the dark, to grope [FL-Osage]; o-xpa-the (oxpáðe) - fall from a height, get lost, become lost, be lost, lose something specific or someone specific [CQ-Osage]; o-xpa-the (óxpaðe) - lose things, lose stuff [CQ-Osage]; o-xpa-ye (oxpáye) - get lost, become lost; to fall from a height; fall from a height, fall off [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: miⁿ-ka-’e u-xpa-the (miⁿká’e uqpáthe) - meteor, falling star [Omaha/Ponca]; mi-ʰka-ʰk’e u-xpa-the (mi-ḳá-ḳ’e u-xpa-the) - meteor, falling star; the year 1833 was known as the year of falling stars [FL-Osage]; mi-ʰka-k’e o-xpa-the (miʰkákʔe oxpáðe) - falling star, meteor [CQ-Osage]; mi-ka-k’e o-xpa-ye (mikák’e oxpáye) - shooting star, meteor, lit., “star that falls” [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: u-xpa-the-the (uqpá¢ĕ¢ĕ) - to lose [JOD-Omaha]; u-xpa the-the (uxpathe the) - lose [Omaha]; o-xpa-the-the (oxpáðeðe) - cause to be lost [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: u-xpa-the ga-xe (u-xpá-the-ga-xe) - mislead, to lead one in error [FL-Osage]; o-xpa-the ka-xe (oxpáðe káaγe) - mislead, cause to get lost [CQ-Osage]; o-xpa-ye ga-ghe (oxpáye gághe) - lose something [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: u-ba-xpa-the (u-ba-xpa-the) - to push one down from a height [FL-Osage]; o-ba-xpa-ye (obáxpaye) - to make someone fall by pushing him; push off, shove something off [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: u-thi-xpa-the (u¢íqpa¢ĕ) - making fall by pulling [JOD-Omaha]; u-thi-xpa-the (uthíxpathe) - drop, fumble, eliminate [Omaha]; o-thu-xpa-the (oðúuxpaðe) - take out or unload something by removing, by extracting, or by lowering from carrier or storage [CQ-Osage]; o-yu-xpa-ye (oyúxpaye) - let fall from the hand, to lose [Kaw]

knock off, push off

► ba-xi-hi a-de (baxíhi ade) - knock off, push off ► pa-xi-hi a-de (ppáxihi áde) - I, shpa-xi-hi a-da-de (špáxihi adadé) - you

► cf. ba-xi (baxí) - push off balance, shove; ba-xi de-de (baxí dedé) - push, shove suddenly, forcibly

► Dhegiha: ba-xi-a-tha (ba-qi-á-¢a) - to shove down by pushing [JOD-Omaha]; ba-xi-tha (ba-xí-tha) - to push a person down [FL-Osage]; ba-xi-ya (baxíya) - push something down or cause it to fall with an instrument; to push an object to the ground with a stick, knife point, etc.; to make an object fall by pushing in this manner: said of anything of which one end touches the ground or floor [Kaw]; ba-xi-ya (báxiya) - cut something down; to make an object fall to the ground by cutting it near the bottom (which touches the ground) with a knife blade or saw [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ba-xi (ba-qí) - to awaken one by pushing him; to contend or oppose [JOD-Omaha]; ba-xi (ba-xí) - to arouse one from sleep by pushing [FL-Osage]; pa-xi (paaγí) - push to awaken or make active, activate by pushing [CQ-Osage]; ba-xi (baxí) - rouse by nudging [Kaw]

knock over punching, topple

► po-xa-da (póxada) - knock over punching, topple ► po-a-xa-da (póaxadá) - I, po-da-xa-da (pódaxáda) - you

► cf. po (po) - by shooting, blowing, punching; bi-xa-da (bixáda) - cause to fall of own weight; di-xa-da (dixáda) - pull over, topple, flip; ka-xa-da (kaxáda) - fell, cut down, knock down; naⁿ-xa-da (nąxadá) - kick over, topple with the foot; ta-xa-da (táxadá) - topple by burning, burn down; ta-xa-da-de (táxadadé) - topple by burning away base

knock senseless, strike down

► ka-xdi (kaxdí) - strike down, knock senseless

► ka-xdi (kaxdí) - to kill with a blow [JOD] ► a-xdi (axdi) - I, da-xdi (dáxdi) - you

► cf. ka (ka) - by striking, by action of the wind or water

► ex: da-xdi (dáxdi) - you kill him with a blow [JOD]

► ex: koi-she-taⁿ u-da-ki-de ki-ha taⁿ ka-xdi (koišéttą udákide kihá tą kaxdí) - when he (haⁿ-ka’s son) finally finished telling him (rabbit), he (rabbit) struck and killed him (haⁿ-ka’s son) [JOD]

► ex: aⁿ-xdi (ą́xdi) - I have been struck down, knocked senseless

► ex: di-a-xdi (diáxdi) - you have been atruck down, knocked senseless

► Dhegiha: ga-xthi (gaxthi) - to assault, beaten [Omaha]; ga-xthi (gaq¢í) - to stun or kill by striking with an ax or club, to beat severely [JOD-Omaha]; ga-xthi (ga-xthí) - to kill an enemy, the killing of an enemy by a war party, the striking of an enemy by a warrior, an act which entitles him to a military honor [FL-Osage]; ga-xli (gaxlí) - slay, strike down and stun, kill by striking with an instrument such as a club or ax [Kaw]

knock spinning, punch and spin

► po-koiⁿ-xa-xa (pókoįγáγa) - knock spinning, punch and spin ► po-a-koiⁿ-xa-xa (póakóįγaγa) - I, po-da-koiⁿ-xa-xa (pódakóįγaγa) - you

► cf. po (po) - by shooting, blowing, punching; ko-wiⁿ-xa-xa (kkówįγáγa) - turn round and round; bi-ko-wiⁿ-xa-xa (bikkówįγáγa) - push or blow something in circle; bi-ko-wiⁿ-xe (bikkówįγe) - push, blow in a circle; ba-ko-wiⁿ-xa-xa (bakkówįγáγa) - push round and round; ba-ko-wiⁿ-xe (bakkówįγe) - turn, make revolve, push around; di-ko-wiⁿ-xa-xa (dikkówįγáγa) - to cause something to wobble; di-ko-wiⁿ-xe (dikkówįγe) - turn, rotate, pull out of line; ka-koiⁿ-xa-xa (kakóįγáγa) - go around and around; ka-ko-wiⁿ-xe (kakkówįγe), ka-koiⁿ-xe (kakoįγe) - turn around, circle; ta-ko-wiⁿ-xa-xa (tákkowįγáγa) - around in circles, “fire makes him/her/it go around and around”

► Dhegiha: bo-ko-mi-ghe (bókomíghe) - blow around in a circle, spin by blowing; to make revolve by blowing on with the mouth, as a paper wheel (pinwheel) or windmill [Kaw]; bu-ko-mi-ghe (bukómighe) - turn around in one’s seat [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: wiⁿ-xe (wįγe), iⁿ-xe (į́γe) - turn, spin, whirl, around [CQ-Osage]; ʰkoiⁿ-xe (ʰkóįγe) - turn, turn around [CQ-Osage]

knock splinter(s) off causing them to fall on someone

► a-ka-ta de-de (ákatta déde) - knock splinter(s) off causing them to fall on someone

► cf. a-ka-ta (ákatta) - splash; make spray fall on one accidentally by hitting the water; de-de (déde) - sent away, causative of go

► Dhegiha: a-ga-ta-ye (ágataye), a-ga-ta-ya (ágataya) - knock to pieces, smash, make fly in pieces, as a ball of snow or clod of earth, by throwing it at someone; shatter glass, as a bottle, by throwing at it or hitting it [Kaw]

knock, sweep, brush away

► ka-ti-ze (kattíze), ka-tʰi-ze (katʰíze) - knock, sweep, brush away ► a-tʰi-ze (átʰize) - I, da-tʰi-ze (dátʰize) - you

► cf. we-ka-ti-ze (wékattíze) - broom; kda-ti-ze (kdattíze) - sweep out one’s house; ba-ti-ze (battíze), ba-tʰi-ze (batʰíze) - move something by pushing; ba-ti-ze (battíze) - move something by pushing; bi-ti-ze (bittíze) - move something by pressing/blowing; di-ti-ze (dittíze) - move by pulling something; ki-pa-ti-ze (kíppattíze) - move one's possession by pushing; ki-kdi-ti-ze (kkíkdittíze) - move something for one’s own benefit; naⁿ-ti-ze (nąttíze) - kick along; po-ti-ze (póttize) - move something by punching/shooting

► ex: ka-ti-ti-ze (kattittíze) - scraped away surface earth with his hand; scraped the dirt away often [JOD]

► ex: ka-ti-ti-ze aⁿ-taⁿ ki-k’aⁿ-he (kattittíze ą́tą kíkʔąhé) - when he swept away/cleared a spot, he put it down (his own item) [JOD]

► ex: ka-ti-ti-ze ki-ha naⁿ we-da-ba-zo ki-k’oⁿ-he (kattittíze kihá ną wédabázo kíkʔǫhe) - when he finished clearing a spot, he placed the index finger down [JOD]

knock, to knock/kick aside by action of the foot

► naⁿ-si-ka (nąsiká) - to knock/kick aside by action of the foot

► cf. naⁿ (ną) - by action of the foot

► ex: naⁿ-si-ka (nąsiká) - he knocked it out of the fire by stepping on it [JOD]

► ex: ta-iⁿ-xe naⁿ-si-ka (táįγe nąsiká) - he knocked the firebrand out of the fire by stepping on it [JOD]

► Dhegiha: noⁿ-si-ge (noⁿ-çí-ge) - lifting or kicking aside with the foot; lift with the foot [FL-Osage]; ni-noⁿ-si-ge (ní-noⁿ-çi-ge) - the spattering of water [FL-Osage]; naⁿ-si-ge (naⁿsíge) - walk on gravel and kick it; walk on something, kicking; scuff along [Kaw]; si-ge (síge) - flip, be shooting out from [Kaw]

knot, a hard knot

► a-di-k’a-se-de ni-ke (ádikʔásede niké) - knot, a hard knot

► cf. a-di-k’a-se-de (ádikʔásede) - tie in a knot

knot, knob, knobby

► ta-xe (ttáxe) - knob, knobby, knot

► cf. si ta-xe (sittáxe) - ankle; si ta-xe wa-hi (sittáxe wahí) - ankle bone

► Dhegiha: si ta-xe (sitáxe) - ankle, lump at each side of ankle, protrusion of the ankle bones [Omaha/Ponca]; ta-ta-xe (tataxe) - knobby [Omaha]; si ta-xe (çi táxe) - ankle bones [Omaha]; ʰta-xe (ṭa-xe) - knot, knob, knobbed [FL-Osage]; hi-ʰkoⁿ ʰta-xe (hí-ḳoⁿ ṭa-xe) - the ankle bone [FL-Osage]; do-dse ʰta-xe (dó-dse ṭa-xe) - adam’s apple, the knob of the throat [FL-Osage]; siu-ʰka hiu ʰta-xe (çiú-ḳa-hiu-ḳoⁿ ṭa-xe) - pin, “knobbed turkey leg” [FL-Osage]; ʰtsi-zhe-be ʰta-xe (ṭsí-zhe-be ṭa-xe) - door knob or door knot [FL-Osage]; zhoⁿ ʰta-xe (zhoⁿ-ṭa-xe) - a knot in wood [FL-Osage]; naⁿ-xa-hu ta-ghe (náⁿxahù tàghe) - camel [Kaw]; si ta-xe (sitáxe) - ankle [Kaw]

knot, tie a knot

► a-ka-shke (ákaške) - tie a knot ► a-a-ka-shke (áakaške) - I, a-da-ka-shke (ádakaške) - you, aⁿ-ko-ka-shke (ąkókašké) - we, I and one other

► cf. iⁿ-kʰe de-di ka-shke (įkʰé dédi kašké) - tie for fastening a robe; di-shke (dišké) - untie, loosen, open; o-kda-shke (okdáške) - to tie/fasten one’s own [JOD]

► ex: i-pi-da-taⁿ e-ti a-ka-shke (íppidáttą étti ákaške) - he tied it on/to his belt [JOD]

► ex: aⁿ-ko-ka-shke (ąkókašké) - we (dual) fastened it [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ maⁿ-te aⁿ-ko-ka-shke kʰe a-shka hi a-kdi (kóišǫ́ttą mątté ąkókašké kʰe áška hí akdí) - then I had come back, very close to where we tied the canoe [JOD]

► ex: a-ki-ka-shka-i (ákikaškái) - he fastened his own to it [JOD]

► ex: i-pi-da-taⁿ-ti a-ki-ka-shka-i taⁿ o-zha tʰe tʰi-de (íppidáttąttí ákikaškái tą óža tʰe tʰidé) - he fastened it (his own) to his belt and began dancing [JOD]

► ex: ma-te aⁿ-ko-kda-shka taⁿ shi-a-pe aⁿ-ka-de (mątté ąkókdašká tą šiápe ąkáde) - we (dual) tied up our canoe and went ashore [JOD]

► Dhegiha: a-ga-shke (á-ga-cke) - to button, to tie a knot [JOD-Omaha]; a-ga-shke (ágashke) - buckle, button, pin [Omaha]; a-ga-shke (á-ga-shke) - to tie a knot, to tie a scalp lock on a pole [FL-Osage]; a-ka-shke (ákaške) - tie to something, tie up (as a horse), tie a knot [CQ-Osage]; a-ga-shke (ágashke) - tie something, tie on, to tie a knot [Kaw]

knot, tie in a knot

► a-di-k’a-se-de (ádikʔásede) - tie in a knot

► cf. a-di-k’a-se-de ni-ke (ádikʔásede niké) - knot, a hard knot

know how, knew how

► pi-’oⁿ (ppiʔǫ́) - do well, expresses precocity ► pi-moⁿ (ppímǫ) - I, shpi-zhoⁿ (špížǫ) - you

► pi-aⁿ (ppią́) - know how, knew how [JOD]

► pi-naⁿ (ppíną) - do well at something precociously

► Dhegiha: ʰpi-oⁿ (p̣i-óⁿ) - expert, skillful [FL-Osage]; ʰpi-oⁿ (ʰpíǫ) - know how to do something; learn; be skilled at or expert in [CQ-Osage]; i-e pi-oⁿ (íe píoⁿ) - talk well, correctly [Kaw]

know, cause to know, inform

► i-ba-haⁿ kʰi-de (íbahąkʰíde) - inform, cause to know ► a-kʰi-de (ákʰide) - I, da-kʰi-de (dákʰide) - you

► i-ba-hoⁿ ki-de (íbahǫ kíde) - teach me (to cause to know) [OM]

► cf. i-ba-haⁿ (íbahą), i-ba-hoⁿ (íbahǫ) - know how, recognize; kʰi-de (kʰide), (kʰíde) - cause to; ki-de (kíde), (kkíde) - cause oneself; cause one’s own

► Dhegiha: i-ba-hoⁿ (íbahoⁿ) - know, to know a person or thing [Omaha/Ponca]; i-pa-hoⁿ (ípahoⁿ) - know how, to know how to do something [Omaha/Ponca]; i-ba-hoⁿ (ibahoⁿ) - know [Omaha]; i-ba-hoⁿ (í-ba-hoⁿ) - to know [FL-Osage]; i-pa-hoⁿ (ípahǫ) - know, understand, know as a person, be acquainted with, recognize, know someone as being a certain way or a certain type of person, guess [CQ-Osage]; i-ba-hoⁿ (íbahoⁿ) - to know, understand [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ki-the (kithe) - to cause oneself [Omaha/Ponca]; kʰi-the (kʰíthe) - to cause someone [Omaha/Ponca]; gi-the (gi-the) - make to be [FL-Osage]; ʰki-the (ḳi-the) - to cause another; turn into; cause oneself; make oneself to be [FL-Osage]; kshi-the (kshi-the) - to cause one to; permitted to; cause to do a thing [FL-Osage]; ʰki-the (ʰkíðe) - make oneself to do or be [CQ-Osage]; ki-the (kíðe) - make or have someone engagevoluntarily in some act; let or allow someone to do something [CQ-Osage]; kshi-the (kšíðe) - let or allow someone to do something, have someone do something for his/her own benefit [CQ-Osage]; khi-ye (khíye) - cause to do; let, allow to do [Kaw]

know, know how, recognize

► i-ba-haⁿ (íbahą), i-ba-hoⁿ (íbahǫ) - know how, recognize ► i-pa-haⁿ (íppahą) - I, i-shpa-haⁿ (íšpahą) - you, i-shpa-haⁿ-we (íšpahąwé) - you’all, i-ba-haⁿ-wi (íbahąwí) - they, oⁿ-noⁿ-ba-haⁿ-we (ǫnǫbahąwe) - we

► ex: i-za-ni i-shpa-hoⁿ ni-kʰa-she (ízaní íšpahǫ níkʰáše) - you all that understand [AG]

► ex: i-shpa-haⁿ-we (íšpahąwé) - you (plural) know it [JOD]

► ex: i-shpa-haⁿ-we a, e-te-te (íšpahąwé a, étte tte) - do you’all know? I wonder. [JOD]

► ex: i-ba-haⁿ-wi (íbahaⁿwí) - they knew it [JOD]

► ex: tʰi niⁿ i-ba-haⁿ-wi (tʰi nį́ íbahaⁿwí) - they knew he was coming [JOD]

► Dhegiha: i-ba-hoⁿ (íbahoⁿ) - know, to know a person or thing [Omaha/Ponca]; i-pa-hoⁿ (ípahoⁿ) - know how, to know how to do something [Omaha/Ponca]; i-ba-hoⁿ (ibahoⁿ) - know [Omaha]; i-ba-hoⁿ (í-ba-hoⁿ) - to know [FL-Osage]; i-pa-hoⁿ (ípahǫ) - know, understand, know as a person, be acquainted with, recognize, know someone as being a certain way or a certain type of person, guess [CQ-Osage]; i-ba-hoⁿ (íbahoⁿ) - to know, understand [Kaw]

know, not know

► i-ba-haⁿ-zhi (íbahąží) - to not know, to not know how, to not recognize ► i-pa-haⁿ-zhi miⁿ-kʰe (íppahąží mįkʰé), i-shpa-haⁿ-zhi ni-kʰe (íšpahąží nikʰé) - you

► cf. i-ba-haⁿ (íbahą), i-ba-hoⁿ (íbahǫ) - know how, recognize; zhi (ži) - not, negative, negation

► ex: i-pa-haⁿ-zhi miⁿ-kʰe (íppahąží mįkʰé) - I do not know/I who sit [JOD]

► ex: “ha-ki i-da-we i-pa-haⁿ-zhi miⁿ-kʰe,” i-yi (“hakí idáwe íppahąží mįkʰé,” iyí) - “I don’t know where they have gone,” she said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: i-ba-haⁿ-zhi (íbaháⁿji) - he did not know, does not know it [JOD-Omaha]; i-ba-hoⁿ-zhi (íbahóⁿzhi) - not know, not to know, to know nothing about [Omaha/Ponca]; i-pa-hoⁿ-zhi (ípahóⁿzhi) - not know how, not to know how to do something [Omaha/Ponca]; i-ba-hoⁿ a-zhi (i-ba-hoⁿ a-zhi) - to not know, not to know [FL-Osage]; i-pa-hoⁿ-zhi (ípahǫži) - not know, not understand [CQ-Osage]; i-ba-hoⁿ-zhi a-ba (íbahoⁿzhi aba) - he doesn’t understand [Kaw]

know, to know about oneself

► i-ki-ba-haⁿ (íkibaháⁿ) - to know about oneself

► ex: i-ki-ba-haⁿ (íkibaháⁿ) - he knew about himself [JOD]

► ex: ha-t’e naⁿ di-sh’a i-ki-ba-haⁿ (hatʔé ną dišʔá íkibahą́) - he knew he would fail because of his sickness [JOD]

► ex: i-ki-ba-haⁿwi (íkibahąwí) - they knew it for themselves [JOD]

► Dhegiha: i-gi-pa-haⁿ (ígipahaⁿ́) - to know his [JOD-Omaha]; i-ki-pa-haⁿ (íkipahaⁿ) - to know one’s own [JOD-Omaha]; i-ki-pa-haⁿ (ík͓ip͓ahaⁿ) - to know or understand for himself; to know by experience [JOD-Omaha]; i-ki-ba-hoⁿ (ikíbahoⁿ) - conscious [Omaha]; i-ki-pa-hoⁿ-a-zhi (iki pahoⁿazhi) - amnesia [Omaha]; i-gi-ba-hoⁿ (í-gi-ba-hoⁿ) - to identify, to recognize [FL-Osage]; i-ʰki-ʰpa-hoⁿ (íʰkiʰpahǫ) - recognize oneself as [CQ-Osage]

know, to not know how to do anything

► kaⁿ-zhi-ka (ką́žiká) - to not know how to do anything ► paⁿ-zhi-ka (ppą́žiká) - I, shkaⁿ-zhi-ka (šką́žiká) - you

► Dhegiha: gaⁿ-zhiⁿ-ga (gáⁿ-jiñ-ga) - to be ignorant of, not know how to do or make [JOD-Omaha]; goⁿ-zhiⁿ-ga (góⁿ-zhiⁿ-ga) - failure to do a thing for lack of skill, unskilled [FL-Osage]; koⁿ-zhiⁿ-ka (kǫ́žįka) - be unskilled at, not know how to [CQ-Osage]; go-zhiⁿ-ga (gózhiⁿga) - ignorant, not to know how to [Kaw]; ga-go-zhiⁿ-ga (gagózhiⁿga) - not to know how, be ignorant of how to use an implement such as a hoe or ax [Kaw]

knuckle

► naⁿ-pe o-zo-ki-te (nąpé ózokkítte) - knuckle, “finger joint”

► cf. naⁿ-pe o-za (nąpé ozá), naⁿ-piu-za (nąpüza) - fingers; o-ki-te (okkítte) - joint

► Dhegiha: sha-ge u-ʰki-tse (shá-ge u-ḳi-tse) - a knuckle or joint of a finger [FL-Osage]; naⁿ-be o-ku-tse (naⁿbé okúce) - knuckle [Kaw]; naⁿ-be o-ku-tse yiⁿ-khe (naⁿbé okúce yiⁿkhé) - the (one) knuckle [Kaw]; naⁿ-be o-ku-tse che (naⁿbé okúce che) - the knuckles (plural) [Kaw]

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