Quapaw Dictionary

English to Quapaw Dictionary
A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H-I-J-K-L-M-N-O-P-Q-R-S-T-U-V-W-X-Y-Z
Quapaw Sources	Dhegiha Sources

face

► iⁿ-te (įtté) - face

► iⁿ-te (ik-teh) - face (visage) [GI]

► ex: iⁿ-te niⁿ-kʰe (įtté nįkʰé) - the face

► Dhegiha: iⁿ-de (íⁿde) - face [Omaha/Ponca]; iⁿ-de (iⁿde) - face [Omaha]; iⁿ-dse (iⁿ-dsé) - face [FL-Osage]; iⁿ-tse (įcé) - face [CQ-Osage]; i-je (ijé) - face [Kaw]

► iⁿ-te da-shi-ke (įtté dašíke) - screw up the face, make a face ► iⁿ-te bda-shi-ke (įtté bdášike) - I, iⁿ-te ta-shi-ke (įtté ttášike) - you

► cf. iⁿ-te (įtté) - face; da (da) - by mouth; shi-ke (šíke) - bad, ugly

► Dhegiha: iⁿ-tse thu-ʰpi-zhi (įcé ðuuʰpíiži) - make faces, grimace, lit., “make a bad face” [CQ-Osage]

► iⁿ-te o-kdaⁿ (į́tte ókdą) - mask, lit. “put the face in it”

► cf. iⁿ-te (įtté) - face; o-kdaⁿ (ókdą), o-knaⁿ (ókną) - put inside; pa-hi o-kdaⁿ (ppáhi ókdą), pa-hi o-knaⁿ (ppáhi ókną), pa-ho-knaⁿ (ppahókną) - hat, cap, “head is put inside”

► Dhegiha: iⁿ-de u-gthoⁿ (iⁿde ugthoⁿ) - mask [Omaha]; iⁿ-dse u-gthoⁿ (iⁿ-dsé u-gthoⁿ) - a halter [FL-Osage]; i-je o-laⁿ (ijé oláⁿ), i-jo-laⁿ (ijólaⁿ) - mask, from ijé ‘face’ + oláⁿ ‘sits on there’ [Kaw]

face the back of the lodge

► a-shi-to-ka-xde (ašíttokáxde) - face the back of the lodge ► a-shi-to-a-ka-xde (ašíttoakaxde) - I, a-shi-to-da-ka-xde (ašíttodakaxde) - you

► cf. a-shi-ta (ašítta) - behind; at or to the back or rear; o-ka-xde (okáxde) - face a certain direction, face a direction, facing towards; a-shi-ta maⁿ-niⁿ (ašitta mąnį) - to walk behind; a-shi-ta ki-maⁿ-niⁿ (ašitta kímąnį) - to walk behind him/it; she-to a-shi-ta de-tʰaⁿ (šétto ašítta détʰą) - this boy standing behind (you)

► Dhegiha: ha-shi-ʰta (há-shi-ṭa) - rear, in the rear, in times past [FL-Osage]; ha-shi-ʰta (haašíʰta) - last, past, back in time, ago, those long ago, those old ones, before, earlier, in the past [CQ-Osage]; ha-shi-ta (hashíta) - behind, in the rear [Kaw]

face the other way

► e-ta de-de o-ka-xde (ettá déde okáxde) - face the other way ► e-ta de-de o-a-ka-xde (ettá déde óakáxde) - I, e-ta-de-de o-da-ka-xde (ettá déde ódakáxde) - you

► cf. ta de-de (-ttadéde) - towards, in the direction of; o-ka-xde (okáxde) - face a certain direction, face a direction, facing towards

face upstream, face the wind

► ki-maⁿ-haⁿ o-ka-xde (kkímąhą okáxde) - face upstream, face the wind ► ki-maⁿ-haⁿ o-a-ka-xde (kkímąhą óakáxde) - I, ki-maⁿ-haⁿ o-da-ka-xde (kkímąhą ódakáxde) - you

► cf. ki-maⁿ-haⁿ (kímąhą) - against the wind or current; o-ka-xde (okáxde) - face a certain direction, face a direction, facing towards

► Dhegiha: ʰki-moⁿ-hoⁿ u-ga-xthe (ḳí-moⁿ-hoⁿ u-ga-xthe) - facing the wind [FL-Osage]; ʰki-maⁿ-haⁿ o-ka-le (ʰkímąhą okále) - facing the wind [CQ-Osage]; ki-maⁿ-haⁿ o-ga-xle (kímaⁿhaⁿ ogáxle) - facing the wind or upstream [Kaw]

face, Black Face

► iⁿ-te se-we (iⁿ-tĕ́ sé-we) - female name of the Kwapa Elk gens; Black Face [JOD]

► cf. iⁿ-te (įtté) - face; se-we (séwe) - black, rarely used, sa (sa) being more common; sa (sa) - black; sa-sa (sasá) - black here and there; sha (ša) - dark, indistinct black; sha-pe (šápe), sha-we (šawe) - black, distant or indistinct

face, Face Up, Face Raised, Holds Face Up

► iⁿ-te maⁿ-da (iⁿ-té maⁿ́-da) - female name of the Kwapa Elk gens; Face up [JOD]

► iⁿ-te maⁿ-da (iⁿ́tĕ́ maⁿ́d^¢a) - female name, (deer) with it’s Face Raised (to browse), Julia Shapp [JOD]

► iⁿ-te maⁿ-da (iⁿ́tĕ́ maⁿ́d^¢a) - (elk) holds face up (in browsing) or Mrs. Peter Shapp, also Minnie Josette, dau of naⁿ-ka to (nañka tú) [JOD]

► cf. iⁿ-te (įtté) - face; maⁿ-da (mą́da) - on one’s back

facing at right angles toward the wind

► ta-ti-o-kda-kʰaⁿ o-ka-xde (ttáttiókdakʰą́ okáxde) - facing at right angles toward the wind

► cf. ta-ti-oⁿ-he (ttáttiǫ́he), ta-ti-aⁿ-he (ttáttią́he) - wind; kda-kaⁿ (kdákką), kda-kʰaⁿ (kdákʰą) - crosswise, across; ta-ti-ok-kda-kʰaⁿ (ttáttiókdakʰą́) - across the wind, as when a boat tacks;

o-ka-xde (okáxde) - face a certain direction, face a direction, facing towards

► Dhegiha: ta-de gtha-kʰoⁿ (tadé gthákʰoⁿ) - across wind, across the wind, perpendicular to the wind direction [Omaha/Ponca]

facing downstream, with his back to the wind

► a-ka-hi-da o-ka-xde (ákahída okáxde) - facing downstream, with his back to the wind ► a-ka-hi-da o-a-ka-xde (ákahída oákaxde) - I, a-ka-hi-da o-da-ka-xde (ákahída odákaxde) - you

► cf. a-ka-hi-da (ákahída) - downstream, downwind, with the wind or current; o-ka-xde (okáxde) - face a certain direction, face a direction, facing towards

► Dhegiha: hi-de u-ga-xthe (híde úgaqthe) - facing, downward, downstream, facing the bottom or lower part, facing the mouth of a stream [Omaha/Ponca]; o-ka-le (okále) - face a certain direction [CQ-Osage]; o-ga-xle (ogáxle) - facing, face a direction, facing towards [Kaw]

facing in that direction

► e-to-ka-xde (ettókaxde) - facing in that direction, etta+okaxde, “facing forward given the meaning of etto” ► e-ta o-a-ka-xde (etta oákaxde) - I, e-to-da-ka-xde (ettodákaxde) - you

► cf. e-ta (etta) - there [JOD]; o-ka-xde (okáxde) - face a certain direction, face a direction, facing towards

► Dhegiha: e-ʰta u-ga-xthe (e-ṭá u-ga-xthe) - facing in that direction [FL-Osage]

facing the other way

► ko-to-ka-xde (kótokáxde) - facing the other way

► cf. ko-to-do-shi (kótodóši) - beyond, on the other side of; ko-ta te-ta i-di-shaⁿ (kóta ttétta ídišą) - on that side of; o-ka-xde (okáxde) - face a certain direction, face a direction, facing towards

► Dhegiha: gu-da (gú-da) - facing the opposite direction [FL-Osage]; ko-ta o-ka-la (kóota okála) - face the other way! [CQ-Osage]

facing this way

► to-to-ka-xde (tótokáxde) - facing this way ► to-to-a-ka-xde (tótoákaxde) - I, to-to-da-ka-xde (tótodakáxde) - you, to-toⁿ-ka-xda-we (totǫ́kaxdáwe) - we

► cf. to-to-do-shi (tótodóši) - on this side of

► Dhegiha: do-da o-ga-xle (dóda ogáxle) - facing this way [Kaw]

facing uphill

► o-i-naⁿ-be o-ka-xde (óinąbé okáxde) - facing uphill

► cf. o-i-naⁿ-be (óinąbé) - uphill; o-ka-xde (okáxde) - face a certain direction, face a direction, facing towards

► Dhegiha: i-yoⁿ-be (íyoⁿbe) - uphill [Kaw]

facing, sit facing one another

► a-ki-naⁿ-saⁿ kniⁿ (ákkiną́są knį) - sit facing one another, like children with the feet of one passing a little the feet of the opposite child

► cf. naⁿ-sa-ta (nąsátta) - stretch one’s legs, straighten; kniⁿ (knį), kdiⁿ (kdį) - sit, be sitting, be in a place, camp

fail to finish

► ki-ha-zhi (kiháži) - fail to finish ► a-ki-ha-zhi (akíhaží) - I, da-ki-ha-zhi (dakíhaží) - you

► cf. ki-ha (kihá) - finish, quit, divorce; zhi (ži) - not, negative; ki-ha (kihá) - quit, divorce [MS]; ki-ha oⁿ-pa (kihá ǫ́ppa) - Monday

fail to finish eating

► da-sh’a (dašʔá) - fail to finish eating ► bda-sh’a (bdášʔa) - I, ta-sh’a (ttášʔa) - you

► cf. da (da) - by mouth; di-sh’a (dišʔá) - fail, fall short; o-di-sh’a-ke (odíšʔake) - refuse, be unwilling, decline

► Dhegiha: ya-ts’a-ge (yats’áge) - be unable to eat, speak, sing, read, etc., for lack of time; to be unable to finish any of those activities for lack of time [Kaw]

fail, fall short

► di-sh’a (dišʔá) - fail, fall short ► bdi-sh’a (bdíšʔa) - I, ti-sh’a (ttíšʔa) - you, di-sh’a-wi (dišʔawi), di-sh’a-i (dišʔai) - they

► cf. o-di-sh’a-ke (odíšʔake) - refuse, be unwilling, decline; da-sha-’a (dašʔá) - fail to finish eating

► ex: di-sh’a (dišʔá) - he failed [JOD]

► ex: shi-noⁿ di-sh’a (šínǫ dišʔá) - he failed again [JOD]

► ex: ka-xe di-sh’a (kaγé dišʔá) - he failed to make it [JOD]

► ex: ha-t’e naⁿ di-sh’a i-ki-ba-haⁿ (hatʔé ną dišʔá íkibahą́) - he knew he would fail because of his sickness [JOD]

► ex: e-ti-tʰaⁿ wa-x’o zhi-ka niⁿ di-sh’a (ettítʰą waxʔó žiká nį dišʔá) - then the old woman gave out [JOD]

► ex: e-ti-tʰaⁿ i-naⁿ-pa niⁿ di-sh’a (ettítʰą ínąp͓á nį dišʔá) - then the second one gave out [JOD]

► ex: e-ti-tʰaⁿ i-da-bniⁿ di-sh’a (ettítʰą ídabnį dišʔá) - then the third one gave out [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ e-ti mi-zhi-ka za-ni hi i-k’i-ta-i taⁿ di-sh’a-wi (kóišǫ́ttą étti mižíka zaní hi íkʔitaí tą dišʔawi) - then, every single one of the girls there tried it and they failed [JOD]

► ex: di-sh’a-i taⁿ za-ni di-sh’a-i taⁿ wa-haⁿ niⁿ-ke niⁿ-kʰe ki-k’i de-da-wi (dišʔai tą zaní dišʔaí tą wahą́nįké nįkʰé kikʔí dedáwi) - they all failed, when they failed, they gave it back to the orphan [JOD]

► Dhegiha: thi-’a (thi’á) - to be unable [Omaha/Ponca]; thi-’a (thia) - fail, miss, unable, I could not, could not make it [Omaha]; thu-ʰts’a-ge (thu-ṭs’á-ge) - unable, inability to do, failure to to a thing, work left unfinished, to fail [FL-Osage]; thu-ts’a-ke (ðuucʔáke) - be unable to do, fail at [CQ-Osage]; yu-ts’a-ge (yuts’áge) - unable to do, not to work, fail to act [Kaw]

fail, miss, slip, fumble

► ba-knoⁿ-da (baknǫ́da) - miss when thrusting at ► pa-knoⁿ-da (ppáknǫda) - I, shpa-knoⁿ-da (špáknǫda) - you

► cf. ba (ba) - by pushing

► Dhegiha: ba-gthoⁿ-tha (bagthóⁿtha) - to push on an object and miss doing what was intended, to thrust at a foe and miss him because of dodging [Omaha/Ponca]

► bi-knoⁿ-da (biknǫ́da) - miss, slip from under ► pi-knoⁿ-da (ppíknǫda) - I, shpi-knoⁿ-da (špíknǫda) - you

► cf. bi (bi) - by pressing, rubbing

► Dhegiha: bi-gthoⁿ-tha (bí-gthoⁿ-tha) - to miss hold [FL-Osage]

► da-knoⁿ-da (daknǫ́da) - snap at and miss ► bda-knoⁿ-da (bdáknǫda) - I, ta-knoⁿ-da (ttáknǫda) - you

► cf. da (da) - by mouth

► Dhegiha: ya-laⁿ-ya (yaláⁿya), ya-laⁿ-ye (yálaⁿye) - miss with the mouth, as when trying to bite or swallow something, deceive, call names, lie

► di-kdoⁿ-da (dikdǫ́da) - fumble, let slip, fail to hold ► bdi-kdoⁿ-da (bdíkdǫda) - I, ti-kdoⁿ-da (ttíkdǫda) - you

► cf. di (di) - by hand, pulling

► Dhegiha: thi-gthoⁿ-tha (thí-gthoⁿ-tha) - fail to get a good grip, to drop by accident [FL-Osage]; yu-laⁿ-ya (yuláⁿya), yu-laⁿ-ye (yulaⁿye) - miss or fumble in trying to grasp or pull an object which is too large to be handled [Kaw]

► ka-knoⁿ-da (kaknǫ́da) - fail in hitting at something ► a-knoⁿ-da (áknǫda) - I, da-knoⁿ-da (dáknǫnda) - you

► cf. ka (ka) - by striking, wind, water

► Dhegiha: ga-gthoⁿ-tha (ga-gthóⁿ-tha) - failure to knock a man down by striking him [FL-Osage]; ga-laⁿ-ya (galáⁿya) - fail to knock down or kill by striking, fail to cut wood, as with an ax, caused by the ax's brushing or slipping by the object without hitting it [Kaw]

► naⁿ-knoⁿ-da (nąknǫ́da) - kick at and be evaded ► a-naⁿ-knoⁿ-da (aną́knǫda) - I, da-naⁿ-knoⁿ-da (daną́knǫda) - you

► cf. naⁿ (naⁿ) - by action of the foot

► Dhegiha: naⁿ-laⁿ-ya (naⁿláⁿya) - miss one's footing, miss a place one jumps for, miss what one kicks at [Kaw]

► pa-knoⁿ-da (páknǫda) - miss cutting something elusive ► pa-a-knoⁿ-da (páaknǫ́da) - I, pa-da-knoⁿ-da (pádaknǫ́da) - you

► cf. pa (pá) - by cutting with a knife

► Dhegiha: bo-gthoⁿ-tha (bó-gthoⁿ-tha) - to miss any mark [FL-Osage]; bi-gthoⁿ-tha (bí-gthoⁿ-tha) - missing hold of a rabbit which is pressed to the ground [FL-Osage]; ba-laⁿ-ya (bálaⁿya) - fail cutting or sawing by missing the object, to make a mistake in cutting or sawing [Kaw]

► po-knoⁿ-da (póknǫda) - miss in shooting or thrusting ► po-a-knoⁿ-da (póaknǫ́da) - I, po-da-knoⁿ-da (pódaknǫ́da) - you

► cf. po (pó) - by shooting, blowing, punching

► Dhegiha: bo-gthoⁿ-tha (bó-gthoⁿ-tha) - to miss a mark [FL-Osage]; bo-laⁿ-ya (bólaⁿya) - miss in shooting punching, or blowing; make a mistake in shooting, punching, or blowing with the mouth [Kaw]; buláⁿya) - miss while trying to jump upon, to press down on an object, as a rabbit, which suddenly jumps aside, going beyond the effect of the pressure [Kaw]

fail, miss, unsuccessful

► ba-iⁿ-zhi (baį́ži) - fail or miss pushing at something ► pa-iⁿ-zhi (ppáįži) - I, shpa-iⁿ-zhi (špáįži) - you

► cf. ba (ba) - by pushing; zhi (-ži) - negative, not

► Dhegiha: ba-iⁿ-ba-zhe (baíⁿbazhe) - fail in an activity that involves pushing, such as sewing, writing, etc. due to a faulty implement, such as the needle or pen [Kaw]

► bi-iⁿ-zhi (biį́ži) - fail/miss pressing/blowing ► pi-iⁿ-zhi (ppíįži) - I, shpi-iⁿ-zhi (špíįži) - you

► cf. bi (bi) - by pressing, rubbing; zhi (-ži) - negative, not

► Dhegiha: bi-iⁿ-a-zhi (biiⁿázhi) - unable, press, blow, to be unsuccessful in blowing, pressing, etc. [Omaha/Ponca]

► da-iⁿ-zhi (daį́ži) - fail using the mouth, voice ► bda-iⁿ-zhi (bdáįži) - I, ta-iⁿ-zhi (ttáįži) - you

► cf. da (da) - by mouth; zhi (-ži) - negative, not

► Dhegiha: ya-iⁿ-ba-zhe (yaíⁿbazhe) - fail at something by biting, due to loose or aching teeth, or talking or singing, due to a sore throat [Kaw]

► di-iⁿ-zhi (díįži) - fail in pulling, rowing, etc. ► bdi-iⁿ-zhi (bdíįži) - I, ti-iⁿ-zhi (ttíįži) - you

► cf. di (di) - by hand, pulling; zhi (-ži) - negative, not

► Dhegiha: yu-iⁿ-ba-zhe (yuíⁿbazhe) - fail in trying to do something with the hands due to an imperfection in the tool, the meaning of this word really is this specific: yu- “by or with the hands”, iⁿ- “an instrument or tool used for the task”, -bazhe “not” or “it did not do it”, lit. “the manual task was not done because of the instrument or tool” [Kaw]

► ka-iⁿ-zhi (kaį́ži) - fail in throwing or striking ► a-iⁿ-zhi (áįži) - I, da-iⁿ-zhi (dáįži) - you, oⁿ-ka-iⁿ-wa-zhi (ǫkáįwaží) - we

► cf. ka (ka) - by striking, wind, water; zhi (-ži) - negative, not

► Dhegiha: ga-iⁿ-ba-zhi (ga-íⁿ-ba-zhi) - failure to chop wood because the ax is dull [FL-Osage]; ga-iⁿ-ba-zhe (gaíⁿbazhe) - fail in chopping; fail in throwing, to fail in chopping wood with a dull ax that does not cut at all; to be unsuccessful in throwing [Kaw]

► naⁿ-iⁿ-zhi (nąį́ži) - fail in walking or with machine ► a-naⁿ-iⁿ-zhi (aną́įži) - I, da-naⁿ-iⁿ-zhi (daną́įži) - you

► cf. naⁿ (naⁿ) - by action of the foot; zhi (-ži) - negative, not

► Dhegiha: naⁿ-iⁿ-ba-zhi (naⁿíⁿbazhi), naⁿ-iⁿ-ba-zhe (naⁿíⁿbazhe) - fail walking, running, or working machinery due to an imperfection [Kaw]

► pa-iⁿ-zhi (páįži) - fail in cutting or sawing ► pa-a-iⁿ-zhi (páaį́ži) - I, pa-da-iⁿ-zhi (pádaį́ži) - you

► cf. pa (pá) - by cutting with a knife; zhi (-ži) - negative, not

► Dhegiha: ba-iⁿ-zhi (bá-iⁿ-zhi) - failure to cut because of a dull knife [FL-Osage]

► ta-iⁿ-zhi (táįži), (ttáįži) - fail in cooking, as when fire is not hot enough

► cf. ta (tá) - by extreme temperature; zhi (-ži) - negative, not

► Dhegiha: da-iⁿ-a-zhe (dá-iⁿ-a-zhe) - the failure to cook food properly because the fire is not hot enough [FL-Osage]; da-iⁿ-ba-zhe (dáiⁿbazhe) - fail due to heat, as in cooking if the fire is not hot enough [Kaw]

fail, miss, slip, fumble

► ba-shnoⁿ-da (bašnǫ́da) - push at and fail or miss ► pa-shnoⁿ-da (ppášnǫda) - I, shpa-shnoⁿ-da (špášnǫda) - you

► cf. ba (ba) - by pushing

► Dhegiha: zhnoⁿ (zhnoⁿ) - verb root, to miss, let fall, zhnoⁿ-tha (c͓naⁿ¢a), ba-zhnoⁿ (bac͓naⁿ), bu-zhnoⁿ (buc͓naⁿ), tha-zhnoⁿ (¢ac͓naⁿ), thi-zhnoⁿ (¢ic͓naⁿ), ga-zhnoⁿ (gac͓naⁿ), ma zhnoⁿ (mac͓naⁿ), mu-zhnoⁿ (muc͓naⁿ) [Omaha/Ponca]

► bi-shnoⁿ-da (bišnǫ́da) - fail, miss applying pressure ► pi-shnoⁿ-da (ppíšnǫda) - I, shpi-shnoⁿ-da (špíšnǫda) - you

► cf. bi (bi) - by pressing, rubbing

► da-shnoⁿ-da (dašnǫ́da) - slip in eating, talking, etc. ► bda-shnoⁿ-da (bdášnǫda) - I, ta-shnoⁿ-da (ttášnǫda) - you

► cf. da (da) - by mouth

► Dhegiha: tha-zhnoⁿ (thazhnóⁿ) - miss, misspeak, mispronounce, to miss with the mouth, to slip in putting something in the mouth, speaking, reading, or singing [Omaha/Ponca]

► di-shnoⁿ-da (dišnǫ́da) - let slip, fumble something ► bdi-shnoⁿ-da (bdíšnǫda) - I, ti-shnoⁿ-da (ttíšnǫda) - you

► cf. di (di) - by hand, pulling

► ka-shnoⁿ-da (kašnǫ́da) - miss the mark striking at something ► a-shnoⁿ-da (ášnǫda) - I, da-shnoⁿ-da (dášnǫda) - you

► cf. ka (ka) - by striking, wind, water

► naⁿ-shnoⁿ-da (nąšnǫ́da) - lose one’s footing, slip ► a-naⁿ-shnoⁿ-da (aną́šnǫda) - I, da-naⁿ-shnoⁿ-da (daną́šnǫda) - you

► cf. naⁿ (naⁿ) - by action of the foot

► pa-shnoⁿ-da (pášnǫda) - fail to cut something with a knife ► pa-a-shnoⁿ-da (páašnǫda) - I, pa-da-shnoⁿ-da (pádašnǫda) - you

► cf. pa (pá) - by cutting with a knife

► po-shnoⁿ-da (póšnǫda) - miss a target shooting ► po-a-shnoⁿ-da (póašnǫ́da) - I, po-da-shnoⁿ-da (pódašnǫ́da) - you

► cf. po (pó) - by shooting, blowing, punching

fall from a height

► o-xpa-de (oxpáde) - fall from a height ► oⁿ-xpa-de (ǫ́xpade) - I, o-di-xpa-de (odíxpadé) - you

► cf. mi-ka-x’e o-xpa-de (mikkáxʔe oxpáde) - meteor, shooting star, falling star; ni o-xpa-de (ní oxpáde) - waterfall; o-ki-xpa-de (okíxpade) - lose something

► Dhegiha: u-xpa-the (uxpathe) - fell, fall [Omaha]; u-xpa-the (uqpá¢ĕ) - falling from a height [JOD-Omaha]; u-xpa-the (u-xpá-the) - to fall, to become lost, to feel around with the hands in the dark, to grope [FL-Osage]; o-xpa-the (oxpáðe) - fall from a height, get lost, become lost, lose [CQ-Osage]; o-xpa-ye (oxpáye) - fall from a height, fall off, to fall from a height, get lost, become lost [Kaw]

fall, cause by pressure/weight

► o-bi-xpa-de (obíxpade) - fall, cause by pressure/weight ► o-pi-xpa-de (oppíxpade) - I, o-shpi-xpa-de (ošpíxpade) - you

► cf. bi (bi) - by pressing, rubbing; o-xpa-de (oxpáde) - fall from a height

► Dhegiha: o-bu-xpa-ye (obúxpaye) - push somebody off [Kaw]

fall, kick something down, causing it to fall down

► o-naⁿ-xpa-de (oną́xpade) - kick something down

► cf. naⁿ (naⁿ) - by action of the foot; o-xpa-de (oxpáde) - fall from a height

► Dhegiha: o-naⁿ-xpa-ye (onáⁿxpaye) - kick something off of something, like a porch or other platform [Kaw]

fall, knock off, cause to fall off

► o-ka-xpa-de (okáxpade) - knock off, cause to fall off ► o-a-ka-xpa-de (oákaxpade) - I, o-da-ka-xpa-de (odákaxpade) - you

► cf. ka (ka) - by striking, wind, water; o-xpa-de (oxpáde) - fall from a height

► Dhegiha: u-ga-xpa-the (u-gá-xpa-the) - to be thrown from a horse [FL-Osage]; o-ga-xpa-ye (ogáxpaye) - knock somebody off from a height, as from a horse, perch, etc. [Kaw]

fall, pull off and cause to fall

► o-di-xpa-de (odíxpade) - pull off and cause to fall ► o-bdi-xpa-de (obdixpade) - I, o-ti-xpa-de (ottixpade) - you

► cf. di (di) - by hand, pulling; o-xpa-de (oxpáde) - fall from a height

► Dhegiha: u-thi-xpa-the (uthíxpathe) - drop, fumble, eliminate [Omaha]; o-yu-xpa-ye (oyúxpaye) - let fall from the hand, to lose [Kaw]

fall, push off and cause to fall

► o-ba-xpa-de (obáxpade) - push off and cause to fall ► o-pa-xpa-de (oppaxpade) - I, o-shpa-xpa-de (ošpáxpade) - you

► cf. ba (ba) - by pushing; o-xpa-de (oxpáde) - fall from a height

► Dhegiha: u-thu-ba-xpa-the (uthubaqpathe) - to make something fall by pushing [Omaha/Ponca]; u-ba-xpa-the (u-bá-xpa-the) - to push one down from a height [FL-Osage]; o-ba-xpa-ye (obáxpaye) - to make someone fall by pushing him, push off, shove something off [Kaw]

fall, shoot down, causing it to fall down

► o-po-xpa-de (opóxpade) - shoot down

► cf. po (pó) - by shooting, blowing, punching; o-xpa-de (oxpáde) - fall from a height

► Dhegiha: o-bo-xpa-ye (obóxpaye) - shoot down, shoot and cause to fall [Kaw]

fall on, knock splinter(s) off causing them to fall on someone

► a-ka-ta de-de (ákatta déde) - knock splinter(s) off causing them to fall on someone

► cf. a-ka-ta (ákatta) - splash, make spray fall on one accidentally by hitting the water; de-de (déde) - sent away, causative of go; a-ka-kaⁿ (ákakką) - powder, sprinkle on; a-ka-ch’e-ch’e (ákačʔéčʔe) - drip onto an object, drop by drop; a-ka-xtaⁿ (ákaxtą) - pour water on, baptize; a-ka-xtaⁿ-xtaⁿ (ákaxtąxtą) - sprinkle repeatedly; a-ka-sti (ákasti) - sprinkle once on

fall on, make spray fall on one accidentally by hitting the water, splash

► a-ka-ta (ákatta) - splash, make spray fall on one accidentally by hitting the water

► cf. a-ka-ta de-de (ákatta déde) - knock splinter(s) off causing them to fall on someone; a-ka-kaⁿ (ákakką) - powder, sprinkle on; a-ka-sti (ákasti) - sprinkle once on; a-ka-ch’e-ch’e (ákačʔéčʔe) - drip onto an object, drop by drop; a-ka-xtaⁿ (ákaxtą) - pour water on, baptize

a-ka-xtaⁿ-xtaⁿ (ákaxtąxtą) - sprinkle repeatedly

fall on, strike

► ka-sta (kastá) - strike, fall on

► cf. ma-ze we-ka-sta (mazé wékastá) - hammer; ma-ze-ska ka-sta wa-naⁿ-’iⁿ (mazéska kásta waną́ʔį) - silver breast ornament, from Harrison Quapaw [MH]

► Dhegiha: ga-sta (ga-çtá) - to beat or hammer metal [FL-Osage]; ka-shta (kaaštá) - hammer, hit or beat, flatten by striking [CQ-Osage]; ga-sta (gastá) - hammer flat, beat until flat and long, as when hammering metal or other malleable material [Kaw]

fall, cause to fall of own weight

► bi-xa-da (bixáda) - cause to fall of own weight ► pi-xa-da (ppíxada) - I, shpi-xa-da (špíxada) - you

► cf. di-xa-da (dixáda) - pull over, topple, flip; ka-xa-da (kaxáda) - fell, cut down, knock down; naⁿ-xa-da (nąxadá) - kick over, topple with the foot; ta-xa-da (táxadá) - topple by burning, burn down; ta-xa-da-de (táxadadé) - topple by burning away base; po-xa-da (póxada) - knock over punching, topple

► Dhegiha: xi-a-tha (qiátha) - fall, to fall as when walking on solid ground, fallen, fallen down [Omaha/Ponca]; xi-a-tha (xiatha) - fell [Omaha]; xi-a-tha (xí-a-tha) - to fall [FL-Osage]; xi-tha (xí-tha) - to topple, to fall, to die, to perish [FL-Osage]; xi-tha (xíða) - fall, stumble, fall down, stumble and fall, topple, euphemism for die, pass away [CQ-Osage]; xi-ya (xíya) - fall down, but not from a height, said of someone or something already touching the ground [Kaw]; bu-xi-ya (buxíya) - cause to fall due to pressing or leaning on, to make anything fall (when one end touches the ground) by pushing against it with the hands, by pressing or leaning on it [Kaw]

fall, lean on someone and cause him/her to fall

► a-kʰaⁿ hi-zhoⁿ (ákʰą hížǫ) - lean on someone and cause him/her to fall ► a-a-kʰaⁿ hi-a-zhoⁿ (áakʰą híažǫ) - I, a-da-kʰaⁿ hi-da-zhoⁿ (ádakʰą hídažǫ) - you, oⁿ-ka-kʰaⁿ hi-oⁿ-zhoⁿ (ǫ́kakʰą híǫžǫ) - we, I and one other, oⁿ-ka-kʰaⁿ hi-oⁿ-zhoⁿ-we (ǫ́kakʰą híǫžǫwé) - we

► cf. a-kʰaⁿ i-tʰe-de (ákʰą itʰéde) - set up a movable object so that it leans against something; a-di-kʰaⁿ i-tʰe-de (ádikʰą itʰéde) - pull over a sg/st/in object, make an upright object lean by pulling it; a-kʰaⁿ i-he-de (ákʰą ihéde) - turn and tip up as a board; zhaⁿ (žą), zhoⁿ (žǫ) - lie, recline

► Dhegiha: a-koⁿ noⁿ-zhiⁿ (akoⁿ noⁿzhiⁿ) - lean [Omaha]; a-ʰkoⁿ (á-ḳoⁿ) - to lean on, to lean on a post, tree, or rock [FL-Osage]; a-kxaⁿ (áakxą) - lie down, as to sleep or rest, lie against, lean up against [CQ-Osage]; akhaⁿ (ákhaⁿ) - lean on something, step on, tread on [Kaw]; a-gaⁿ (ágaⁿ) - against [Kaw]; a-gaⁿ zhiⁿ-he (ágaⁿ zhíⁿhe) - to lie against an object [Kaw]; ga-za-da hi-zhoⁿ (ga-çá-da hi-zhoⁿ) - to lie prostrate, as to spread out flat from a fall [FL-Osage]

fall, to stumble and fall, to trip

► hi-pʰe (hipʰé) - fall, to stumble and fall, to trip ► a-hi-pʰe (ahipʰé) - I

► ex: a-hi-pʰe (ahipʰé) - I fell down [JOD]

► ex: a-shi a-toⁿ-we taⁿ a-hi-pʰe, maⁿ-da hi a-zhaⁿ, wa-tʰe aⁿ-ka-ze hi kaⁿ hi a-zhaⁿ, e-shoⁿ t’e paⁿ-ze miⁿ-kʰe (áši atǫ́we tą ahipʰé, mąda hí ažą́, watʰé ąkaze hí ką́ hi ažą́, éšǫ́ tʔe ppą́ze mįkʰe) - when I looked back I fell down, I laid there on my back, my dress flew up on me, so I laid there pretending to be dead [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ a-shi toⁿ-we-ki-ki shoⁿ-niⁿ wa-shkaⁿ kde shoⁿ-niⁿ hi-pʰe i-ya-we (kóišǫ́ttą áši tǫ́wekikí šǫ-nį́ wašką́ kdé šǫ-nį́ hipʰé iyáwe) - then she looked back at him repeatedly as she tried with all her might to get home, she fell, they say [JOD]

► ex: hi-pʰe kʰe taⁿ hi i-ya-we (hipʰé kʰé tą hí iyáwe) - she had fallen when he arrived, they say [JOD]

► Dhegiha: hi-pshe (hí-pshe) - to stumble and fall, to trip [FL-Osage]; hi-pshe (hípše) - stumble and fall [CQ-Osage]; hi-phe (híphe) - fall down [Kaw]

fall season

► sni-wa-te kdi ta (sníwatte kdi tta) - fall season (winter going to come) [MS]

► sni-wa-te kdi ta tʰe (sníwatte kdi tta tʰe) - fall season (winter going to come) [MS]

► cf. sni-wa-te (sníwatte) - north, winter, cold, cold weather; sni-wa-te (sniwátte) - power of winter, male; kdi (kdi) - to have come back here; sni-wa-te o-skaⁿ-ska (sniwáte oską́ska) - month in the Quapaw lunar calendar, early Winter, precedes pa-de o-skaⁿ-ska (páde oską́ska); sni (sni) - cold, to be cold; ka-sni-sni (kasnísni) - autumn, “blows cold on and off”; sni-tʰe (snítʰe) - cold; sni-tʰe zho-ka-te (snítʰe žókkatte) - to have chills and fever; o-sni (osní) - cold, north, northwind; o-sni-hi-ta-de-de (osnihíttadéde) - northwest, “whence the cold comes”; ni-sni (nisní), (nísni) - spring, lit. “cold water”; ni-sni toⁿ (nísni ttǫ) - Baxter Springs, Kansas; ni-sni wa-tʰi-shka (nísni watʰíška) - Spring River, I.T.

► ex: sni-wa-te (sníwatte) - north [MS]

► ex: sni-wa-te (sníwatte) - cold, cold weather [MS, AG]

► ex: sni-wa-te (sníwatte) - winter' [FR, OM]

► ex: sni-wa-te hi (sníwatte hi) - cold [MS]

► ex: sni-wa-te hi pa-de taⁿ (sníwatte hi páde ttą) - cold, winter time [MS]

► ex: a-shi(-ti) sni-wa-te (áši(-tti) sníwatté) - cold outside [AG]

► Dhegiha: ʰni-wa-tse (ʰní-wa-tse) - to be cold [FL-Osage]; ʰni-wa-tse (ʰní-wa-ṭse) - cold weather, a cold day [FL-Osage]; ni-wa-tse (ní-wa-tse) - it is cold [FL-Osage]; ni-wa-ʰtse (níwaʰce) - be cold, an impersonal weather expression, not used for people [CQ-Osage]; hni-wa-tse (hniwace) - cold, as the weather, winter months [Kaw]

falling star, shooting star, meteor

► mi-ka-x’e o-xpa-de (mikkáxʔe oxpáde) - meteor, shooting star, falling star

► cf. mi-ka-x’e (mikkáxʔe) - star; o-xpa-de (oxpáde) - fall from a height; ni ox-pa-de (ní oxpáde) - waterfall; mi-ka-x’e ste-te (mikkáxʔe stétte) - aurora borealis, lit. “long star”

► Dhegiha: miⁿ-ka-‘e u-xpa-the (miⁿká’e uqpáthe) - meteor, falling star [Omaha/Ponca]; mi-ʰka-ʰk’e u-xpa-the (mi-ḳá-ḳ’e u-xpa-the) - meteor, falling star [FL-Osage]; mi-ʰka-k’e o-xpa-the (miʰkákʔe oxpáðe) - falling star, meteor [CQ-Osage]; mi-ka-k’e o-xpa-ye (mikák’e oxpáye) - shooting star, meteor, lt. “star that falls” [Kaw]

► mi-ka-x’e o-wa-ze (mikkáxʔe owáze) - star-fell, “stars on fire”, from Mary Stafford reminiscences to Dorsey, probably relating to the meteor shower of 1833 [JOD]

► Dhegiha: u-se (uçe) - burn [Omaha]; u-se (uçé) - to start a prairie fire [FL-Osage]; o-sai (osái), o-zai (ozái) - burn, be on fire, set fire to [CQ-Osage]; o-wa-se (ówase) - to set fire to them; to burn them (alive) [Kaw]

family, household

► ti o-zhaⁿ (ttí ožą́) - household, family

► cf. ti (tti) - house, tent, dwelling; zhaⁿ (žą), zhoⁿ (žǫ) - lie, recline, sleep; o-zhaⁿ wa-kniⁿ-zhi (óžą waknį́ži) - enemy (within the tribe), “a bad person to sleep among"

► Dhegiha: u-zhoⁿ ʰtsi (u-zhóⁿ-ṭsi) - a house in which to sleep, a dormitory [FL-Osage]; o-zhaⁿ (óžą) - lie abed, lie down, lie down in, bed, place one lies in [CQ-Osage]; ti u-zhi (tíuzhí) - household, family, all who live in a house or lodge together [Omaha/Ponca]; ti u-zhi (tiuzhi) - family, folks, generation of people [Omaha]; ʰtsi-wa-zhu (ṭsí-wa-zhu) - household family [FL-Osage]

► ti-kde (ttikdé) - to set up housekeeping, to live together in same tent, village, collection of lodges

► ex: ma-shtiⁿ-ke i-kaⁿ naⁿ-pa ti-kde ni-kʰa naⁿ (maštį́ke ikką́ ną́pa ttíkde nikʰá-ną) - the rabbit and his grandmother dwelt together [JOD]

► ex: mi-ka ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-naⁿ-pa ti-kde ni-kʰa (mikká maštį́ke énąpa ttíkde nikʰá) - raccoon and rabbit both lived together [JOD]

► ex: wa-x’o to-wa ti-kde ni-kʰa naⁿ (waxʔó tówa ttíkde nikʰá ną) - four women were dwelling in a lodge [JOD]

► ex: wa-x’o to-wa ti-kde ha-ki i-da-we, i-ke (waxʔó tówa ttíkde hakí idáwe, iké) - where have the four women that live together gone too, he asked her [JOD]

► ex: wa-x’o to-wa ti-kde shiⁿ wa-pa-xe naⁿ (waxʔó tówa ttíkde šį́ wappáγe ną) - the four women that live together, I made them fat [JOD]

► ex: ti-kda-wi (ttíkdawí) - they dwelt in a lodge [JOD]

ex: i-shta-xe sh’a-ke e-ka-xnaⁿ niⁿ-kʰe e-naⁿ-pa ti-kda-wi (ištáxe šʔáke ekáxną nįkʰé enąp͓á ttíkdawí) - the frenchman and his wife, the both of them kept house’ (JOD)]

► Dhegiha: ti-gthe (tígthe) - to live in a lodge [Omaha/Ponca]; ti-gthe (tigthe) - home [Omaha]

ʰtsi-gthe (ṭsí-gthe) - to reside, to dwell, to set up and keep house [FL-Osage]; ʰtsi-le (ʰcíle) - live, reside, make a home, set up a household, set up housekeeping, house, home, household, family [CQ-Osage]

family, relation

► wa-haⁿ (wahą́) - relation, family [JOD]

► cf: wa-haⁿ ni-ke (wahą́niké) - orphan, “family, relation + none, lacking”

► Dhegiha: u-wa-hoⁿ-e (uwáhoⁿe) - kinship system [Omaha/Ponca]; wa-hoⁿ-iⁿ (wahǫ́į) - address folks with respect, saddress as friends and relatives [CQ-Osage]; o-wa-haⁿ (ówaháⁿ) - kin, relation [Kaw]; o-wa-haⁿ-e (ówaháⁿe) - kinship, relationship [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: wa-hoⁿ thiⁿ-ge (wahóⁿthiⁿge) - orphan, “without relatives” [Omaha/Ponca]; wa-hoⁿ thiⁿ-ge (wahoⁿ thiⁿge) - orphan [Omaha]; wa-hoⁿ-iⁿ-ge (wa-hóⁿ-iⁿ-ge) - an orphan, literally, no mother, the word was used among the Indians when speaking of a child with neither father nor mother [FL-Osage]; wa-hoⁿ-iⁿ-ke (wahǫ́įke) - be an orphan [CQ-Osage]; wa-hoⁿ yiⁿ-ge (wahóⁿyiⁿge) - orphan, one who has lost one or both parents [Kaw]

► e-ta-ni (ettáni) - relation, kinsman ► e-ta-ni wi-ta (ettáni wítta) - my, e-ta-ni di-ta (ettáni dítta) - your

► cf. e-ta-niⁿ (ettánį) - to be relation

► e-ta-niⁿ (ettánį) - to be relation ► e-ta-bniⁿ (ettábnį) - I, e-ta-tiⁿ (ettáttį) - you

► cf. e-ta-ni (ettáni) - relation, kinsman

fan

► i-ki-kda-ti (íkkikdátti) - fan

► cf. i-ki-kda-hi (íkkikdáhi) - fan

► Dhegiha: i-ʰki-tha-dsiⁿ (í-ḳi-tha-dsiⁿ), i-ʰki-a-dsiⁿ (í-ḳi-a-dsiⁿ) - a fan [FL-Osage]; i-ʰku-a-tsi (íʰkuáci) - fan made of tail feathers [CQ-Osage]; i-ki-la-ju (íkiláju) - fan oneself [Kaw]; ki-la-ju (kiláju) - fan oneself [Kaw]; gi-la-zhu (gilázhu) - fan one’s own, as a child or relative [Kaw]

► i-ki-kda-hi (íkkikdáhi) - fan

► cf. i-ki-kda-ti (íkkikdátti) - fan

► Dhegiha: ki-gtha-ni (kigthani) - fan [Omaha]

fan someone

► ka-hi (kahí) - fan someone ► a-ka-hi (akáhi) - I, da-ka-hi (dakáhi) - you

► cf. pa-si o-do-ka-hi (ppasí odokáhi) - spoonbill, paddlefish, “to stir up with the nose”, fish with a hide like that of a catfish, no scales, found in Neosho River; o-do-ka-hi (odokáhi) - to stir, to stir up, to paddle

► Dhegiha: u-thu-ga-hi (uthu gahi) - stir [Omaha]; moⁿ-de u-thu-ga-hi (moⁿde uthugahi) - oars [Omaha]; noⁿ-be u-thu-ga-hi (noⁿbe uthugahi) - wave at [Omaha]; siⁿ-de kʰe u-thu-ga-hi-hi (síⁿde kʰe uthúgahihí) - to switch the tail back and forth, to wag the tail [Omaha/Ponca]; u-thu-ga-hi (u-thú-ga-hi) - to paddle, to stir up what is cooking or boiling [FL-Osage]; o-tho-ka-hi (oðókahi) - stir [CQ-Osage]

fan, owl fan

► iⁿ-tʰaⁿ-hi (įtʰą́hi), iⁿ-tʰaⁿ-he (įtʰą́he) - owl fan

► iⁿ-tʰaⁿ-hi (in taⁿ hē) - owl feather fan for brushing away evil in medicine tent in mescal (peyote) ceremony, from George Red Eagle [MH]

► cf. iⁿ-tʰaⁿ (į́tʰą) - owl; iⁿ-tʰaⁿ ha (įtʰą́ha) - owl skin with feathers on; iⁿ-taⁿ (į́ttą), iⁿ-tʰaⁿ (į́tʰą) - nighthawk, bullbat

► Dhegiha: iⁿ-choⁿ soⁿ (iⁿchuⁿ çuⁿ), (iⁿtcaⁿ saⁿ) - Snowy Owl [Omaha]; i-toⁿ (í-toⁿ) - the horned owl, the horned owl figures in the tribal war rites of the Osage as a symbol [FL-Osage]; iⁿ-ʰtoⁿ (iⁿ′ṭoⁿ) - the snowy owl, white owl [FL-Osage]; i-ʰtoⁿ-zi-hi (í-ṭoⁿ-çi-hi) - the yellow owl [FL-Osage]; i-toⁿ-ska (í-toⁿ-çka) - the snowy owl [FL-Osage]; iⁿ-khaⁿ (íⁿkhaⁿ), i-khaⁿ (íkhaⁿ), iⁿ-thaⁿ (íⁿthaⁿ) - owl [Kaw]; i-khaⁿ zi-hi (íkhaⁿ zíhi) - yellow owl, a small owl that stands about 8" [Kaw]; i-khaⁿ zhiⁿ-ga (íkhaⁿ zhíⁿga) - small gray horned owl [Kaw]; i-khaⁿ ska (íkhaⁿ skà) - white horned owl [Kaw]; i-khaⁿ xo-je zhiⁿ-ga (íkhaⁿ xóje zhíⁿga) - small gray horned owl [Kaw]

far away, very far

► ko-zhi hi (kkóžihi) - far away, very far

► ko-zhi hi (kkóži hi) - way off, far away [MS]

cf. ko-zhi (kkóži) - far

► ex: ko-zhi hi a-kniⁿ a-ni-he (kkóžihi aknį́ ánihé) - I live way off [MS]

► ex: ko-zhi hi a-kniⁿ ta miⁿ-kʰe (kkóžihi aknį́ tta mįkʰé) - I going to live far away [MS]

► ex: ko-zhi hi bde ta miⁿ-kʰe (kkóži hi bdé tta mįkʰé) - I go a long ways (I will be going very far away) [MS]

► ex: ko-zhi hi taⁿ o-xde naⁿ t’e-da-we i-ya (kkóži hí-tą oxdé ną tʔédawé iyá) - they went a long distance, when they overtook him, they killed him, they say [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ʰku-zhi (ḳú-zhi) - far away, at a great distance [FL-Osage]; ʰko-zhi si-gthe (ḳó-zhi-çi-gthe) - tracks - far - away, Personal name [FL-Osage]; ʰko-zhi moⁿ-iⁿ (ḳó-zhi-moⁿ-iⁿ) - travels-in-distant-lands, Personal name [FL-Osage]; go-ji (gojí) - far off, remote, long way off [Kaw]

far, so far, the end, used as ending of a story

► ka-i-she-taⁿ (ká-išetą́) - so far, used as ending of a story [JOD]

► ka-i-she-taⁿ (ká-išétąkí), ka-e-she-taⁿ-ki (ká-ešétąkí) - so far, the end, used as ending of a story [JOD]

► cf. koi-she-taⁿ (koišétą) - then at last [JOD]; koi-she-naⁿ (kóišeną́) - that amount, that quantity; koi-she (koišé) - that [JOD]; koi-she (kóiše) - that part [JOD]; koi-she (kóiše) - aforementioned words or manner; she-tʰaⁿ (šetʰą) - long enough, a certain length; she-tʰaⁿ-ha (šetʰą́ha) - deep enough, a certain depth; she-tʰaⁿ-ka (šetʰąkká), she-taⁿ-ka (šettąká) - tall enough, a certain height

► Dhegiha: she-taⁿ (cetaⁿ́) - so far, the end [JOD-Omaha]; ka-she-naⁿ (kaašéną) - be ended, finished, that's all, something is finished, closing of a prayer, amen [CQ-Osage]; ga-she-hnaⁿ (gashéhnaⁿ) - that’s all, just this much, that is enough [Kaw]; ga-she-khaⁿ (gashékhaⁿ) - end, so long and no longer [Kaw]

far, way off

► ko-zhi (kkóži) - far

► ko-zhi (kkóži) - far [JOD]

► cf. ko-zhi hi (kkóžihi) - far away, very far

► ex: mi ko-zhi (mi kkóži) - Sun Way Off, female personal name [MS]

► ex: si-ka taⁿ-ka zho-hi hi to-ke-taⁿ wa-bdi-xe a-taⁿ wa-bdi-ze, ko-zhi da-zhi hi bdi-ze (síkka ttą́ka žóhi hí tokétą wabdíxe attą́ wábdíze, kkóži dáži hi bdíze) - there were many turkeys there then, I chased them and I caught them, it didn’t go very far, I caught it [JOD]

fart, break wind

► a-ki-zhi (ákkiži) - fart, break wind ► a-ki-zhi (áakkiži) - I fart, break wind, a-da-ki-zhi (ádakkiži) - you fart, break wind, oⁿ-ka-ki-zhi-we (ǫ́kakkižiwe) - we fart, break wind

► a-ki-zhe (ákkiže) - fart [OM]

► cf. a-ki-zhi ti-aⁿ (ákkiži tią́) - feel like farting

► Dhegiha: thi-zhi-tse (ðižíce) - break wind, fart with a small noise, by letting the air out slowly [CQ-Osage]; a-yu-zhiⁿ-je (áyuzhíⁿje) - break wind, fart (with noise) [Kaw]

► a-ki-zhi ti-aⁿ (ákkiži tią́) - feel like farting ► a-ki-zhi ti-aⁿ (áakkiži tią́) - I feel like farting, a-da-ki-zhi ti-aⁿ (ádakkiži tią́) - you feel like farting

► cf. a-ki-zhi (ákkiži) - fart, break wind; ti-aⁿ (tią́) - to feel like, somewhat

► Dhegiha: thi-zhi-tse (ðižíce) - break wind, fart with a small noise, by letting the air out slowly [CQ-Osage]; a-yu-zhiⁿ-je (áyuzhíⁿje) - break wind, fart (with noise) [Kaw]

fast, not to eat

► da-tʰa-zhi (datʰáži) - fast, not to eat ► bda-tʰa-zhi (bdátʰaži) - I, ta-tʰa-zhi (ttátʰaži) - you

► cf. da-tʰe (datʰé) - eat, chew; zhi (ži) - not, negation; ta da-tʰa zhi (tta dátʰa ži) - Friday, lit. “eat no meat”

► Dhegiha: wa-tha-ta-zhi (wathatazhi) - fast [Omaha]; ʰta tha-ta zhi hoⁿ-ba (ṭa thá-ta-zhi hoⁿ-ba) - ṭa - meat, tha-ta - eat, zhi - not, hoⁿ-ba - day, day not eat meat, Friday [FL-Osage]; haⁿpa ʰta tha-tsʰa zhi (hą́ąpa ʰtaaðáacʰaži) - Friday, literally, day of no meat eating [CQ-Osage]; ta ya-cha zhi (ta yáchazhi) - Eats no Deer, subclan of the Kaw deer clan [Kaw]

► iⁿ-te sa-de (įtté sáde) - to fast, lit. “blacken the face” ► iⁿ-te sa-a-de (įtté sáade) - I, iⁿte sa-da-de (įtté sádade) - you

► cf. iⁿ-te (įtté) - face; sa-de (sáde) - blacken, cause to be black; we-sa-de hi (wésade hí) - maple, soft, “black dye tree”

fast, run fast

► taⁿ-niⁿ so-te hi (ttą́nį sotté hi) - run fast [MS]

► cf. taⁿ-niⁿ (ttą́nį) - run, as a person not an animal; so-te (sotté) - fast, swift of an animal; hi (hi) - very

► Dhegiha: toⁿ-thiⁿ (tóⁿthiⁿ) - run, to run, said of a person, not of an animal [Omaha/Ponca]; toⁿ-thiⁿ (toⁿthiⁿ) - run [Omaha]; ʰtoⁿ-thiⁿ (ṭoⁿ́-thiⁿ) - to run, the running of a two legged animal [FL-Osage]; ʰtaⁿ-thiⁿ (ʰtą́ąðį) - run, hurry along, walk fast, move fast [CQ-Osage]; taⁿ-yiⁿ (táⁿyiⁿ), toⁿ-yiⁿ (tóⁿyiⁿ) - run, as a person on two legs [Kaw]

fast, Sun Go Fast

► mi so-te (mi sotté) - Sun Go Fast, female name [MS]

► mi so-te (mi súte) - female name [JOD]

► cf. mi (mi) - sun; so-te (sotté) - fast, swift of an animal

fast, swift

► x’aⁿ-sa (xʔąsá) - swift

► Dhegiha: ‘oⁿ-sa (‘oⁿsa) - swift, fast, swift at running [Omaha/Ponca]; ‘oⁿ-sa-gi (‘óⁿsagi) - rapid, swift, fast [Omaha/Ponca]; ʰk’oⁿ-sa-gi (ḳ’óⁿ ça-gi) - swift, fleet, very fast [FL-Osage]; k’aⁿ-sa-ki (kʔą́saaki) - be fast in movement, fleet as a runner, quickly, fast, rapidly, swiftly [CQ-Osage]; k’aⁿ-sa-gi (k'áⁿsagi), k’aⁿ-sa-ge (k'áⁿsage) - run fast, be fast, fast, swiftly, rapidly [Kaw]

► kde-taⁿ ’aⁿ-sa (ktçe-t͓aⁿ ′aⁿ-sa) - masculine name of the Kwapa wa-zhiⁿ-ka (wajiñk͓a) or Bird gens; Swift Hawk, the present name of Alphonsus Valliere [JOD]

► cf. kde-taⁿ (kdetą́) - hawk, smallest species; x’aⁿ-sa (xʔąsá) - swift

► Dhegiha: gthe-doⁿ (gthedóⁿ) - pigeon hawk [Omaha/Ponca]; gthe-doⁿ (gthe-dóⁿ) - hawk, falcon, used also as a personal name in the Osage Tribe [FL-Osage]; le-taⁿ (letą́), le-toⁿ (letǫ́) - hawk [CQ-Osage]; gle-daⁿ (gledáⁿ) - hawk [Kaw]; le-daⁿ (ledáⁿ) - hawk, chicken hawk [Kaw]

► maⁿ-te x’aⁿ-sa (mańte q'aⁿ́sa) - masculine name, Swift Boat [JOD]

► cf. maⁿ-te (mątté, mąté) - boat, canoe; x’aⁿ-sa (xʔąsá) - swift

► Dhegiha: moⁿ-de (moⁿ-de) - hunting bow, boat, ferry, boat deck, canoe [Omaha]; ba-dse (ba-dsé) - any kind of boat [FL-Osage]; pa-tse (páce) - boat [CQ-Osage]; ba-je (bajé) - boat, canoe [Kaw]

► mi x’aⁿ-sa (mi q'aⁿ́-sa) - female name, Swift Sun. “Aunt” of kde-taⁿ sa (ktçetaⁿ sa) - Black Hawk, and mother of ke-da to (ked¢a tu) - Blue Sky, Mrs. Mary Stafford [JOD]

► cf. mi (mi) - sun, moon, orb; x’aⁿ-sa (xʔąsá) - swift

► Dhegiha: miⁿ (miⁿ) - sun, moon [Omaha/Ponca]; mi (mi) - sun [Omaha]; mi (mi) - sun [FL-Osage]; mi (mí), miⁿ (mį́į) - sun, moon [CQ-Osage; mi (mí), miⁿ (miⁿ) - sun [Kaw]

► ta-te x’aⁿ-sa (ta-t͓é q'aⁿ-sá) - masculine name, Swift Wind [JOD]

► cf. ta-ti-oⁿ-he (ttáttiǫ́he), ta-ti-aⁿ-he (ttáttią́he) - wind, ta-te (ttatte) + oⁿ-he (ǫhe); x’aⁿ-sa (xʔąsá) - swift

► Dhegiha: ta-de ‘uⁿ-sa (tadé uⁿsa) - Swift Wind, personal name [Omaha]; ta-je k’aⁿ-sa (tajé k’aⁿsa) - Swift Wind, male name [Kaw]

fast, swift of an animal, rapid

► so-te (sotté) - fast, swift of an animal

► so-te (súte) - fast, rapidly [JOD]

► cf. maⁿ-niⁿ so-te hi (mąnį́ sotté hi) - walk fast [MS]; taⁿ-niⁿ so-te hi (ttą́nį sotté hi) - run fast [MS]; zhoⁿ di-taⁿ-da so-te (žǫ́ dittą́da sotté) - train (wagon go fast) [MS, JOD]

► ex: so-te hi kde niⁿ (sótte hí kde nį́) - very rapidly, she went homeward [JOD]

► ex: a-zho-wa-xti so-te hi kde kʰe (ážowáxti sótte hí kde kʰé) - with great effort/with all her might, very fast/rapidly, she went homeward [JOD]

► ex: a-zho-wa hi pʰi a-ni-he, so-te a-ni-he, aⁿ-xde te a-zhaⁿ-niⁿ (ažowá hi pʰí aníhe, sótte aníhe, ą́xde tte ažąmį́) - I was coming as fast as possible, I was moving fast, I thought he was going to overtake me [JOD]

fast, walk fast

► maⁿ-niⁿ so-te hi (mąnį́ sotté hi) - walk fast [MS]

► cf. maⁿ-niⁿ (mąnį́) - walk; so-te (sotté) - fast, swift of an animal; hi (hi) - very

► Dhegiha: moⁿ-thiⁿ (moⁿthíⁿ) - to walk [Omaha/Ponca]; moⁿ-thiⁿ (moⁿ-thiⁿ), moⁿ-iⁿ (moⁿ-íⁿ) - to walk, exist [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-thiⁿ (mąðį́), maⁿ-iⁿ (mą́į) - walk, go by walking, go by foot, go away, go, go on, get moving, go ahead, approach, move in closer, stay, act or live a certain way, go around a certain way [CQ-Osage]; maⁿ-yiⁿ (maⁿyíⁿ) - walk, move [Kaw]

fast, walk faster

► sa-ki (sakkí) - walk faster ► a-sa-ki (ásakkí) - I, da-sa-ki (dásakkí) - you, oⁿ-sa-ki-we (ǫsákkiwe) - we

► cf. sa-ki (sákki) - rapid, as a stream, man, horse; ni sa-ki (ni sáki) - current in a stream

► Dhegiha: sa-gi (sagí) - firm, fast, tight, difficult to untie or loosen, hard as sweet corn before it is boiled [Omaha/Ponca]; sa-gi-gi (sagígi) - quick, swift, fast, firm, hard, tight repeatedly or in several places [Omaha/Ponca]; sa-gi (ça-gí) - firm, solid, durable, hard, lasting, tough, strong, infelexible, not easily bent [FL-Osage]; sa-ki (saakí) - tight, tightly, firm, solid, hard in texture, strong, muscular, difficult, hard to do things with [CQ-Osage]; sa-gi (sagí) - hard, firm, tight, tough, strong, muscular [Kaw]; sa-gi (sági) - stunned, killed, knocked out [Kaw]

fasten

► i-ki-pa-zoⁿ-te (íkkippazǫ́tte) - fasten ► i-da-ki-pa-zoⁿ-te (idákkippazǫtte) - I, i-da-ki-shpa-zoⁿ-te (ídakkišpazǫtte) - you

► cf. i-ba-zoⁿ-te (íbazǫ́tte) - lace up, as a pack; ka-zaⁿ-te (kazą́tte) - weave, braid; wa-zoⁿ-te (wázǫtte) - mat

► Dhegiha: a-ba-zoⁿ-de (ábazoⁿde) - to stitch up, sew up, or lace up [Omaha/Ponca]; zoⁿ-zoⁿ-de (zoⁿzoⁿde) - stitch [Omaha]; a-ba-zo-dse (á-ba-çoⁿ-dse) - to lace a shoe [FL-Osage]; i-ba-zaⁿ-je (íbazaⁿje) - lace up with, fasten shut [Kaw]

► a-ka-shke (ákaške) - tie a knot ► a-da-ka-shke (ádakaške) - you, aⁿ-ko-ka-shke (añk͓úk͓acké) - we dual, I and one other

► ex: aⁿ-ko-ka-shke (añk͓úk͓acké) - we (dual) fastened it [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ maⁿ-te aⁿ-ko-ka-shke ke a-shka hi a-kdi (kóišǫ́ttą mątté ąkókašké ke áška hí akdí) - then I had come back, very close to where we tied the canoe [JOD]

► ex: i-pi-da-taⁿ e-ti a-ka-shke (íppidáttą étti ákaške) - he tied it on/to his belt [JOD]

► ex: i-pi-da-taⁿ-ti a-ki-ka-shka-i taⁿ o-zha tʰe tʰi-de (íppidáttąttí ákikaškái tą óža tʰe tʰidé) - he fastened it (his own) to his belt and began dancing [JOD]

► Dhegiha: a-ga-shke (ágashke) - buckle, button, pin [Omaha]; a-ga-shke (á-ga-shke) - to tie a knot, to tie a scalp lock on a pole [FL-Osage]; a-ka-shke (ákaške) - tie to something, tie up, tie a knot [CQ-Osage]; a-ga-shke (ágashke) - tie something, tie on, to tie a knot [Kaw]

► iⁿ-kʰe de-di ka-shke (įkʰé dédi kašké) - tie for fastening a robe

► Dhegiha: i-khe-je ga-shke (ikhéje gashké) - tie used to fasten a robe around the shoulders [Kaw]

fat, as a person or animal

► shiⁿ (šį) - fat, as a person or animal ► aⁿ-shiⁿ (ąšį) - I, di-shiⁿ (dišį) - you

► ex: shiⁿ-wa-de di-knaⁿ niⁿ (šįwáde dikną́ nį) - he planned/decided to fatten them [JOD]

► ex: wa-x’o to-wa ti-kde shiⁿ wa-pa-xe naⁿ (waxʔó tówa ttikdé šį́ wappáγe ną) - the four women that live together, I made them fat [JOD]

► ex: te naⁿ-ka o-we sa-ki o-do-ki-hoⁿ (tte ną́kka šį́ ówe sáki odókihǫ́) - buffalo back fat and dried corn boiled/cooked together [JOD]

► Dhegiha: shiⁿ (shiⁿ) - fat, obese, plump, fleshy [Omaha/Ponca]; shiⁿ (shiⁿ) - fat, husky [Omaha]; shiⁿ (shíⁿ) - to be fat [FL-Osage]; shiⁿ (šį́) - be fat [CQ-Osage]; shiⁿ (shiⁿ), shi (shi) - be fat [Kaw]

► shiⁿ-hiⁿ (šįhį́) - fat

► shiⁿ-hiⁿ (šįhį́) - fat [AG, OM]

fat, bacon, fatskin

► wa-shiⁿ-ha (wašį́ha) - bacon, fatskin

► cf. wa-shiⁿ (wašį́) - fat, fat meat; ha (ha) - skin, bark, hide, shell

► Dhegiha: wa-shiⁿ-ha (wašį́haa) - Baconrind, personal name [CQ-Osage]

fat, buffalo back fat

► te naⁿ-ka shiⁿ (tte ną́kka šį́) - buffalo back fat [JOD]

► cf. te (tte) - buffalo; naⁿ-ka (ną́kka) - back of an animal; shiⁿ (šį) - fat, as a person or animal

► ex: te naⁿ-ka o-we sa-ki o-do-ki-hoⁿ (tte ną́kka šį́ ówe sáki odókihǫ́) - buffalo back fat and dried corn boiled/cooked together [JOD]

► Dhegiha: noⁿ-kʰa (nóⁿkʰa) - back [Omaha/Ponca]; noⁿ-ka (noⁿ´ka) - back [Omaha]; noⁿ-ʰka (nóⁿ-ḳa) - the back, the part of the body from the shoulders to the hips [FL-Osage]; naⁿ-ʰka (ną́ʰka) - back of a human or animal's body [CQ-Osage]; naⁿ-ka (náⁿka) - the back, may refer to that of a person or animal [Kaw]

fat, buffalo rump fat

► te ni-te shiⁿ (tte nítte šį) - buffalo rump fat [JOD]

► cf. te (tte) - buffalo; ni-te (nítte) - buttocks; shiⁿ (šį) - fat, as a person or animal

► Dhegiha: te wiⁿ shiⁿ-xti (te wiⁿ shíⁿ-xti) - a very fat buffalo [Omaha]; tse wa-shiⁿ (cewáshiⁿ) - the fat of a buffalo cow [Kaw]; tse doⁿ-ga wa-shiⁿ (cedóⁿga washíⁿ) - the fat of a buffalo bull [Kaw]; tse-ska wa-shiⁿ (ceská washíⁿ) - domestic cow fat [Kaw]

fat, deer fat

► ta shiⁿ (ttašį́) - deer fat

► cf. ta (tta) - deer, meat, especially dried meat; shiⁿ (šį) - fat, as a person or animal

► Dhegiha: ta wa-shiⁿ (tawáshiⁿ) - deer fat [Kaw]

fat, fat meat

► wa-shiⁿ (wašį́) - fat, fat meat

► wa-shiⁿ (wašį́) - fat, fatty meat [FS]

► wa-shiⁿ (wašį́) - bacon, pork, fat meat [MS, AG, OM]

► ex: wa-shiⁿ koⁿ-bda (wašį́ kkǫbdá) - I want some meat (bacon, fat meat) [AG]

► Dhegiha: wa-shiⁿ (washiⁿ) - fat [Omaha]; wa-shiⁿ (wa-shíⁿ) - meat with very little lean, fat meat [FL-Osage]; wa-shiⁿ (wašį́)- bacon, fat meat, salt pork, be fat, be overweight [CQ-Osage]; wa-shiⁿ (washíⁿ) - fat, bacon, also any kind of fat [Kaw]

fat, very fat, really fat

► shiⁿ-xti (šįxtí) - fat, very, really

► cf. shiⁿ (šį) - fat, as a person or animal; xti (-xti) - very, real, fully

► Dhegiha: shiⁿ-xti (shiⁿxti) - very fat, fatty [Omaha]

fatten, cause to be fat

► shiⁿ-wa-de (šįwáde) - to fatten them, cause to be fat [JOD]

► cf. shiⁿ (šį) - fat, as a person or animal; wa-de (wade) - cause them, make them, make one

► ex: shiⁿ-the (shíⁿthe) - to fatten by feeding, as hogs [Omaha/Ponca]; shiⁿ-the (shiⁿthe) - fatten [Omaha]

fatten, make fat

► shiⁿ ka-xe (šį káγe) - fatten, make fat [JOD] ► shiⁿ pa-xe (šį ppáγe) - I, shiⁿ shka-xe (šį škáγe) - you

► cf. shiⁿ (šį) - fat, as a person or animal; ka-xe (káγe) - make, do, cause

► ex: wa-x’o to-wa ti-kde shiⁿ wa-pa-xe naⁿ (waxʔó tówa ttikdé šį́ wappáγe ną) - the four women that live together, I made them fat [JOD]

► Dhegiha: shiⁿ ga-xe (shíⁿ-ga-xe) - to fatten [FL-Osage]

fat, grease, lard, oil

► we-kdi (wékdi) - fat, grease, lard, oil

► we-kdi (wéktçi) - grease, fat [JOD]

► we-kdi (weghetih) - oil (huile) [GI]

► we-kdi (wékdi) - lard, grease [AB]

► we-kjhi (wékǰí) - lard, grease [OM]

► cf. we-kdi u-do-bi-tʰaⁿ (wékdi odóbitʰaⁿ) - fat wrapped around [JOD]; ma-ze-ni we-kdi (mazéni wékdi) - butter, lit. "milk grease"; ta we-kdi o-ta-haⁿ (tta wékdi otahą) - fried meat, cooked with the grease [MS]; wa-ske we-kdiu-ta-haⁿ (waské wékdütahą) - fry bread [MS, MR, FR]; ta-xde we-kdi (táxde wékdi) - coal oil; a-ta-kaⁿ we-kdi (áttakką wékdi) - lamp oil; ta-xde we-kdi a-ta-kaⁿ (táxde wékdi áttakką́) - lamp, coal oil

► Dhegiha: we-gthi (wégthi) - fat, grease, oil, the soft fat of animals [Omaha/Ponca]; we-gthi (wé-gthi) - grease, oil, kerosene [FL-Osage]; we-li (wéli) - oil, lard, grease or similar substance such as shoe polish, gasoline, kerosene [CQ-Osage]; we-li (wéli), we-dli (wédli) - grease, oil [Kaw]

fat wrapped around

► we-kdi u-do-bi-tʰaⁿ (wékdi odóbitʰaⁿ) - fat wrapped around [JOD]

► cf. we-kdi (wékdi) - grease, fat, lard, oil; u-do-bi-tʰaⁿ (odóbitʰaⁿ) - that comes around it [JOD]; o-be-tʰaⁿ (obétʰą) - wrap something around an object; o-di-be-tʰaⁿ (odibétʰą) - wrap it up

► ex: (wasá íbaxtoxtó wékdi odóbitʰaⁿ) - small pieces of black bear meat roasted on sticks with the fat around it [JOD]

► Dhegiha: zhoⁿ i-tha-be-tʰoⁿ (zhóⁿ ithábetʰoⁿ) - vine twined around a tree or similar object, “wood wrapped around” [Omaha/Ponca]; u-be-toⁿ (ubetoⁿ) - wrap [Omaha]; we-o-bi-toⁿ (weobitoⁿ) - wrapper [Omaha]; u-be-ʰtoⁿ (u-bé-ṭoⁿ) - to wrap or envelop [FL-Osage]; o-pe-txaⁿ (opétxą) - tie in a bundle or wrap up something specific [CQ-Osage]; o-pe-txaⁿ (ópetxą) - wrap or tie up stuff as a bundle [CQ-Osage]; o-be-khaⁿ (obékhaⁿ) - wrap up, wrap something around an object, to bandage [Kaw]

father

► i-da-te (idátte) - father, his or her, iⁿ-ta-te (įttátte) - my father, di-a-te (diátte) - your father

► ex: e-da-te naⁿ-hi a-kda-niⁿ o-shte (edátte nąhí akdánį ošté) - her father-only-keeping his own-remained [JOD]

► Dhegiha: i-tha-di (ithádi) - father [Omaha]; i-tha-dsi (i-thá-dsi) - his or her father [FL-Osage]; i-tha-tse (iðáce) - his/her father, his/her paternal uncle, his/her father's brother [CQ-Osage]; i-ya-je (iyáje) - someone else's father, his, her, their [Kaw]

► iⁿ-ta-te (įttátte) - my father

► iⁿ-ta-te (įttátte) - my father [MS, MR, AB, OM]

► iⁿ-ta-te (ihn-ta-tteh) - father, my father (pere) [GI]

► ex: iⁿ-ta-te wa-kaⁿ-ta (įttátte wakką́tta) - God the Father [FR]

► ex: iⁿ-ta-te wa-kaⁿ-ta maⁿ-shi niⁿ-kʰe (įttátte wakką́tta mąší nįkhé) - Father (God) is up in heaven [MS]

► ex: iⁿ-ta-te, toⁿ ha-ki e-hi-te e-ti niⁿ-kʰa-zhi hi taⁿ kaⁿ-aⁿ-niⁿ-kʰe e-te te (įttátte, ttǫ́ hakí ehitté ettí nįkʰaží hi tą́ ką-ąnį́kʰe étte tté) - father, is there not a village anywhere, I wonder if we are alone [JOD]

► ex: iⁿ-ta-te, da-knoⁿ-ke koⁿ-bda, she-mi ke a-wa-ki-shka-te kaⁿ-a-ni-he koⁿ-bda (įttátte, dáknǫke kkǫ́bda, šémi ke awákiškátte ką́-anihé kkǫ́bda) - father, I want you to marry her, I want to play with the girls [JOD]

► Dhegiha: iⁿ-da-di (iⁿdadi) - my father [Omaha]; iⁿ-ʰta-tsi (įʰtáci) - my father, my father's brother, my paternal uncle, more precise than English, my uncle [CQ-Osage]; iⁿ-da-je (iⁿdáje) - my father, my father's brother [Kaw] …. da-di-ha (dadíha) - Dad! Father! the masculine vocative form, used by a male to address his father [Omaha/Ponca]; da-di-ho (dadiho) - father, male [Omaha]; da-di-ha (dádihá), da-di-he (dádihé) - Dad! Father! The feminine vocative form, used by a female to address her father [Omaha/Ponca]; da-di-ha (dadiha) - father, female [Omaha]

► di-a-te (diátte) - your father

► Dhegiha: thi-a-di (thiadi) - your father [JOD-Omaha]; thi-tha-dsi (thi-thá-dsi) - your father [FL-Osage]; thi-tha-tse (ðiðáce) - your father, your paternal uncle, your father's brother [CQ-Osage]; yi-ya-je (yiyáje) - your father [Kaw]

► i-da-te-de (idáttede) - have/regard someone as father ► i-da-te-a-de (idátteade) - I, i-da-te-da-de (idáttedade) - you

► Dhegiha: i-ya-je-ye (iyájeye) - someone other than oneself to have for a father [Kaw]

Father God

► iⁿ-ta-te wa-kaⁿ-ta (įttátte wakką́tta) - Father God, my father God

► cf. iⁿ-ta-te (įttátte) - my father; wa-kaⁿ-ta (wakką́tta) - God, spirit

► ex: iⁿ-ta-te wa-kaⁿ-ta (įttátte wakką́tta) - God the Father [FR]

► ex: iⁿ-ta-te wa-kaⁿ-ta maⁿ-shi niⁿ-kʰe (įttátte wakką́tta mąší nįkʰé) - Father (God) is up in heaven [MS]

► ex: iⁿ-ta-te wa-kaⁿ-ta (įttátte wakką́tta) - our father in heaven; bless you [AB]

► Dhegiha: iⁿ-ʰta-tsi wa-ʰkoⁿ-ta (įʰtáci waʰkǫ́ta) - our heavenly father, lit., “Father God” [CQ-Osage]; iⁿ-da-je wa-kaⁿ-da (iⁿdáje wakáⁿda) - Father God [Kaw]

father’s older brother, a man’s father's older brother, uncle

► i-da-te naⁿ-haⁿ (idátte nąhą́) - a man's father's older brother ► iⁿ-ta-e naⁿ-haⁿ (įttátte nąhą́) - my, di-a-te naⁿ-haⁿ (diátte nąhą́) - your

► cf. i-da-te (idátte) - his or her father; naⁿ-haⁿ (ną́hą), naⁿ-hoⁿ (nąhǫ), naⁿ-haⁿ (nąhą́) - old, grown up, mature; iⁿ-da nyoⁿ-hoⁿ (įdanyǫ́hǫ) - older aunt [OM]; wa-x’o naⁿ-haⁿ (waxʔó ną́hą) - old lady [MS]; ni-ka naⁿ-haⁿ (níkka ną́hą) - old man, grown man; naⁿ-hoⁿ-de (nąhǫ́de) - cultivate, bring to maturity; naⁿ-haⁿ zhi-ka (ną́hą žiká) - girl who has reached puberty

► Dhegiha: noⁿ-hoⁿ (nóⁿ-hoⁿ) - older person [FL-Osage]; noⁿ-the (nǫ́ǫðe) - raise, rear, bring up [CQ-Osage]; noⁿ-hoⁿ (nóⁿhoⁿ) - adult [Kaw]

father’s younger brother, a man’s father’s younger brother, uncle

► i-da-te zhi-ka (idáttežíka), e-da-te zhi-ka (edáttežíka) - a man's father's younger brother ► iⁿ-ta-te zhi-ka (įttáttežíka) - my, di-a-te zhi-ka (diáttežíka) - your

► cf. i-da-te (idátte) - father; zhi-ka (žiká), (žíka), zhi-ga (žigá) - small, little, young

► Dhegiha: iⁿ-ʰta-tsi-zhį (įʰtácižį) - my father’s brother, my paternal uncle [CQ-Osage]

father’s sister, a man's father’s sister, older or younger

► i-ti-mi (ittími) - aunt, a man's father's sister, older or younger ► wi-ti-mi (wittími) - my, di-ti-mi (dittími) - your

► Dhegiha: i-ti-mi (itími) - aunt [Omaha]; i-ʰtsi-mi (i-ṭsí-mi) - aunt, on father's side, his or her father's sister [FL-Osage]; i-ʰtsi-mi (iʰcími) - his/her father's sister, his/her paternal aunt, more precise than English, his aunt or her aunt [CQ-Osage]; i-tsi-mi (icími) - his or her aunt, father’s sister [Kaw]

► wi-ti-mi (wittími) - my aunt, my father's sister [MS, MR, AG]

► ex: wi-ti-mi i-wi-ki-de aⁿ-da-kni (wittími íwíkide ą́dakní) - my aunt, I'm glad to see you [FR]

► Dhegiha: wi-ti-mi (witími) - my aunt (Omaha); wi-ʰtsi-mi (wiʰcími) - my father's, older or younger sister, my paternal aunt, used when speaker is male or female [CQ-Osage]; wi-tsi-mi (wicími) - my aunt, my father’s sister [Kaw]

► di-ti-mi (dittími) - your aunt, your father’s sister

► Dhegiha: thi-ʰtsi-mi (ðiʰcími) - your father's sister, younger or older, your paternal aunt [CQ-Osage]; yi-tsi-mi (yicími) - your aunt, your father’s sister [Kaw]

► i-ti-mi-de (ittímide) - to have as an aunt ► i-ti-mi-a-de (ittímiade) - I, i-ti-mi-da-de (ittímidade) - you

► Dhegiha: i-tsi-mi-ye (icímiye) - to have as an aunt, to call someone i-tsi-mi (icími) [Kaw]

fatigue, tired, weary

► o-zhe-da (ožéda), hoⁿ-zhe-da (hǫ́žeda) - tired, weary ► oⁿ-zhe-da (ǫ́žeda) - I, o-di-zhe-da (odížeda) - you, o-wa-zhe-da-we (ówažédawe) - we

► o-zhe-da (ožéda) - tired (MS)

► ex: aⁿ-zhe-da (ą́žeda) - I'm tired (MS)

► Dhegiha: u-zhe-tha (uzhétha) - tired, weary, to be tired or weary [Omaha/Ponca]; u-zhe-tha- a-ta-shoⁿ (uzhetha atashoⁿ) - exhausted [Omaha]; u-zhe-tha (u-zhé-tha) - to be tired, to be weary, to be weary from hard work [FL-Osage]; o-zhe-tha (ožéða) - feel tired, be fatigued, weary, tired [CQ-Osage]; o-zhe-ya (ozhéya) - be tired, weary [Kaw]

favor, embarrassed to ask a favor

► a-ki-pa-kda (ákipakda) - embarrassed to ask favor

► cf. a-ba-kda (ábakda) - hesitate from shame or diffidence when about to ask a favor of someone not related

► Dhegiha: a-ba-gtha (ábagtha) - to hesitate or draw back through shame or diffidence [Omaha/Ponca]; wa-ba-gtha (wabagtha) - bashful [Omaha]; a-ba-gtha (á-ba-gtha) - backward, bashful, diffident, shy [FL-Osage]; wa-ba-gtha (wá-ba-gtha) - shy, bashful, modest, modesty, shamefaced [FL-Osage]; a-ba-la (ábala) - bashful, hesitant or draw back through shame or diffidence [Kaw]; a-gi-ba-la (ágibala) - be ashamed to speak to his or her in- laws, as to a father-in-law or mother-in-law, a son-in- law or daughter-in-law; to be bashful towards such a person, this term refers to traditional social customs that required avoidance between certain relatives, such as those identified here by JOD, violating this restriction would cause shame to both parties [Kaw]

favor, hesitate from shame or diffidence when about to ask a favor of someone not related

► a-ba-kda (ábakda) - hesitate from shame or diffidence when about to ask a favor of someone not related ► a-pa-kda (áppakda) - I, a-shpa-kda (ášpakda) - you, oⁿ-ka-ba-kda-we (ǫkabakdawe) - we

► cf. a-ki-pa-kda (ákipakda) - embarrassed to ask favor

fawn

► ta zhi-ka (ttažíka) - fawn

► ta zhi-ka (tta žíka) - little deer [MS]

► cf. ta (tta) - deer; zhi-ka (žiká), (žíka), zhi-ga (žigá) - small, little, young

► Dhegiha: ta-xti zhiⁿ-ga (táqti zhíⁿga) - fawn, baby deer [Omaha/Ponca]; ta-xti zhiⁿ-ga (taxti zhiⁿga) - fawn [Omaha]; ʰta gthe-zhe zhiⁿ-ga (ṭa-gthé-zhe zhiⁿ-ga) - a young spotted deer, a fawn [FL-Osage]

fear

► naⁿ-pe (ną́ppe), noⁿ-pe (nǫ́ppe) - to fear the sight of something ► naⁿ-a-pe (ną́appe) - I, naⁿ-da-pe (nądappe) - you, naⁿ-oⁿ-pa-we (ną́ǫppawe) - we

► cf. noⁿ-pe-wa-de (nǫ́ppewade), naⁿ-pe-wa-de (ną́ppewade) - dangerous, also masculine name; maⁿ naⁿpa-zhi (maⁿ´naⁿ-pá-ji) - masculine name, He fears not Arrows [JOD]

► Dhegiha: wa-noⁿ-pe (wanoⁿpe) - fear [Omaha]; noⁿ-ʰpe (nóⁿ-p̣e) - to fear, to dread, to have a horror, to be afraid, to be timid [FL-Osage]; noⁿ-ʰpe (nǫ́ǫʰpe) - be afraid or scared, fear [CQ-Osage]; noⁿ-pe (nóⁿpe) - be afraid of what is visible [Kaw]

► na-xi-da (naγida) - to be scared ► aⁿ-na-xi-da (ąnáγida) - I, di-na-xi-da (dináγida) - you

► cf. di-na-xi-da (dináxida) - scare, frighten

► Dhegiha: noⁿ-xi-tha (noⁿxitha) - scare [Omaha]; xi-tha (qítha) - through fear of failure, reluctant, doubtful, to hate to undertake, to think that someone will not answer for the purpose [Omaha/Ponca]; xi-tha (xi-thá) - lack of confidence [FL-Osage]; ʰki-xi-tha (ʰkíxiða) - despair, mistrust oneself, not trust oneself, doubt oneself, give up [CQ-Osage]

► di-na-xi-da (dináxida) - scare, frighten ► ti-na-xi-da (ttinaxida) - you

► cf. na-xi-da (naγida) - to be scared

fearful, insecure

► koi-he (koíhe) - fearful, insecure ► aⁿ-koi-he (ąkóihe) - I, di-koi-he (dikóihe) - you, wa-koi-wa-he (wakoiwahe) - we

► cf. koi-he-wa-de (koíhewáde) - fearful, inspiring fear

► Dhegiha: ku-he (kúhe) - to feel insecure, to dread an unseen or uncertain danger, to be apprehensive, fear [Omaha/Ponca]; gu-he (gúhe) - be afraid at night [Omaha]; ko-i-pshe (kó-i-pshe) - to fear, as the fear of some unseen danger, misgiving, a feeling of doubt [FL-Osage]

fearful, inspiring fear

► koi-he-wa-de (koíhewáde) - fearful, inspiring fear

► cf. koi-he (koíhe) - fearful, insecure; wa-de (wade) - cause them, make them, make one

feather

► ma-shaⁿ (mášą), ma-shoⁿ (mášǫ) - feather, wing or quill feather

► ma-shoⁿ (mosch-schon) - feather (plume) [GI]

► ma-shaⁿ (mâⁿ câⁿ) - plume, tied in hair, same ceremony [peyote], represents "Lightning-man", from George Red Eagle [MH]

► ma-shaⁿ (mâⁿcaⁿ) - eagle plume used to brush away evil in mescal ceremony, from Francis Good Eagle [MH]

► cf. wa-zhiⁿ-ka ma-shaⁿ (wažį́ka mášą) - bird's wings

► ex: ma-shoⁿ a-a-kde (mášǫ áakde) - I stick a feather upright (in my hair)

► Dhegiha: ma-shoⁿ (máshoⁿ) - quill feather [Omaha/Ponca]; moⁿ-shoⁿ (moⁿshoⁿ) - feather, hackle feather [Omaha]; moⁿ-shoⁿ (móⁿ-shoⁿ) - feather, plume, plumage [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-shaⁿ (mą́šą), maⁿ-shoⁿ (mą́šǫ), moⁿ-shoⁿ (mó̜šǫ) - feathers of certain kinds of birds, such as eagle, hawk, and macaw, fan made of feathers as used in peyote meeting [CQ-Osage]; mo-shoⁿ (móshoⁿ), mo-sho (mósho) - feather, quill feather [Kaw]

Feather Female Difficult

► maⁿ-shaⁿ mi te-xi (maⁿ́caⁿ mitéqi) - female name, Feather Female Difficult [JOD]

► cf. ma-shaⁿ (mášą), ma-shoⁿ (mášǫ) - feather, wing or quill feather; haⁿ-ka mi te-xi (hą́ka mi ttéxi) - female name, Angel Queen, Difficult Female Haⁿ-ka [MS, JOD]; wa-zhiⁿ mi te-xi (wa-jiⁿ́ mi té-qi) - female name of the Kwapa wa-zhiⁿ-ka (wajiñk͓a) or Bird gens; Bird Female Difficult (to be won or captured). Wife of wa-zhiⁿ ska (wajiⁿ ska) of the same gens [JOD]; mi te-xi (mi téqi) - daughter of Mrs. S & mother of Victor Griffin; mi te-xi zhi-ka (mi téqi jik͓á) - female name, Jennie Thompson’s sister, drowned in Hominy Creek [JOD]; kde-taⁿ mi te-xi (ktqetăⁿ́ mi teqi) - female name, Hawk Female Difficult (to be won or captured) [JOD]; maⁿ-shka mi te-xi (mańcka mi téqi) - female name, Crawfish Female Difficult [JOD]

Feather is Turned Bottom Up

► maⁿ-shaⁿ iⁿ-te ki-ta (maⁿ́caⁿ iⁿtĕ́ k͓itá) - female name, Feather is Turned Bottom Up, full sister of George Redeagle [JOD]

► maⁿ-shaⁿ iⁿ-te ni (maⁿ́caⁿ iⁿté ni) - female name [JOD]