Quapaw Dictionary

English to Quapaw Dictionary
A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H-I-J-K-L-M-N-O-P-Q-R-S-T-U-V-W-X-Y-Z
Quapaw Sources	Dhegiha Sources

rabbit - ravine raw - recline recognize - relation relative - request

reside - rip ripe - rolling roof - rum rumbling - rye

rabbit, hare

► ma-shtiⁿ-ke (maštį́ke), (maštįké) - rabbit, hare

► ma-shtiⁿ-ke (maštį́ke) - rabbit [MS, MR, OM]

► ma-shtiⁿ-ke (mašt'įGe) - rabbit, cottontail [FS]

► cf. ma-shtiⁿ-ke taⁿ-ka (maštį́ke ttą́ka) - jack rabbit; ma-shtiⁿ-ke taⁿ-ka (maštį́ke ttą́ka), ma-shtiⁿ-ke toⁿ-ka (maštį́kettǫ́ka) - goat, lit. “big rabbit”

► ex: ma-shtiⁿ-ke hiⁿ (maštį́ke hį́) - rabbit fur

► ex: ma-shtiⁿ-ke niⁿ (maštį́ke nį) - the rabbit, the singular moving animate rabbit

► ex: ma-shtiⁿ-ke niⁿ-kʰe (maštį́ke nįkʰé) - the rabbit, the singular sitting animate rabbit

► ex: ma-shtiⁿ-ke tʰaⁿ (maštį́ke tʰą) - the rabbit, the standing animate rabbit

► Dhegiha: ma-shtiⁿ-ge (mashtíⁿge), ma-shchiⁿ-ge (mashchíⁿge) - rabbit [Omaha/Ponca]; ma-shtiⁿ-ge (ma-ctíñ-ge), ma-shtshiⁿ-ge (ma-ctcíñ-ge) - the rabbit [JOD-Omaha]; moⁿ-shtiⁿ-ga (moⁿshtíⁿga) - rabbit [Omaha]; moⁿ-shtiⁿ-ge (moⁿ-shtíⁿ-ge) - the cottontail rabbit, this little animal figures in the myths of the Osage [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-shtsiⁿ-ka (mąšcį́ka) - rabbit, hare [CQ-Osage]; ma-shtsiⁿ-ge (mashcíⁿge) - rabbit [Kaw]

rabbit, jack rabbit

► ma-shtiⁿ-ke taⁿ-ka (maštį́ke ttą́ka) - jack rabbit

► cf. ma-shtiⁿ-ke (maštį́ke) - rabbit, hare; taⁿ-ka (ttą́ka) - big, large; ma-shtiⁿ-ke taⁿ-ka (maštį́ke ttą́ka), ma-shtiⁿ-ke toⁿ-ka (maštį́kettǫ́ka) - goat, lit. “big rabbit”

► Dhegiha: ma-shchiⁿ ska (mashchíⁿskă) - white or jack rabbit [Omaha/Ponca]; moⁿ-shtiⁿ ska (moⁿshtíⁿçka) - jack rabbit [Omaha]; moⁿ-shtiⁿ-ge noⁿ-ʰta stse-e (moⁿ-shtiⁿ-ge noⁿ-ṭa-stse e), moⁿ-shtiⁿ noⁿ-ʰta stse-e (moⁿ-shtiⁿ noⁿ-ṭa-stse e) - jack rabbit, “long eared rabbit” [FL-Osage]; ma-shtsiⁿ-ge naⁿ-ta stse-je (mashcíⁿge náⁿta scéje) - jack rabbit, “long-eared rabbit” [Kaw]

raccoon

► mi-ka (mikká) - raccoon

► mi-ka (mikká) - raccoon [MS]

► mi-ka (mi˙kká) - raccoon [FS]

► ex: mi-ka niⁿ (mikká nį) - the (moving) raccoon

► ex: e-ti mi-ka niⁿ maⁿ-shka da-tʰe hi niⁿ naⁿ (ettí mikká nį mą́ška dátʰe hi nį́ ną) - the raccoon arrived there and ate crawfish [JOD]

► ex: mi-ka ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-naⁿ-pa (mikká maštį́ke enąpá) - raccoon and rabbit, the both of them [JOD]

► ex: mi-ka ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-naⁿ-pa ti-kde ni-kʰa (mikká maštį́ke enąpá ttíkde nikʰá) - raccoon and rabbit both lived together [JOD]

► Dhegiha: mi-ka (miká) - racoon [Omaha/Ponca]; mi-ka (miká) - raccoon [Omaha]; mi-ka (mi-k͓á) - a raccoon [JOD-Omaha]; mi-ʰka (mi-ḳá) - raccoon [FL-Osage]; miⁿ-ka (mį́ʰkaa) - raccoon [CQ-Osage]; mi-ka (miká) - raccoon [Kaw]

raccoon people

► mi-ka i-ni-ka-shi-ka (mĭkȁí nika shíka) - raccoon people [ASG]

► cf. mi-ka (mikká) - raccoon; ni-ka-shi-ka (níkkašíka), i-ni-ka-shi-ka (iníkkašíka), e-ni-ka-shi-ka (énikkašíka) - people, clan, gen

raccoon, black raccoon

► mi-ka sa (mikká sa) - black raccoon, when Maude Supernaw was asked how to say Negro in Quapaw she said, i-shta-xi sha (ištáxi šá), she said Osages say, mi-ka sa (mikká sa) [MS]

► cf. mi-ka (mikká) - raccoon; sa (sa) - black

► Dhegiha: miⁿ-ka-sa (mįʰkása) - black person [CQ-Osage]; mi-ka sa-pe (mi-ká sá-p͓e) - a Negro [JOD-Osage]

► Dhegiha: mi-ka (miká) - racoon [Omaha/Ponca]; mi-ka (miká) - raccoon [Omaha]; mi-ka (mi-k͓á) - a raccoon [JOD-Omaha]; mi-ʰka (mi-ḳá) - raccoon [FL-Osage]; miⁿ-ka (mį́ʰkaa) - raccoon [CQ-Osage]; mi-ka (miká) - raccoon [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: sa-be (sábe) - black, black for a nearby object [Omaha/Ponca]; sa-be (çábe) - black [Omaha]; sa-be (çá-be), sa-e (ça-e) - black [FL-Osage]; sa (sa), sa-pe (sápe) - black [CQ-Osage]; sa-be (sábe) - black [Kaw]

race

► ki-a-naⁿ (kkiáną) - race

► ex: oⁿ-ki-a-naⁿ te (ǫkkiáną-tte) - let us race

► ex: a-ki-ki-a-naⁿ (ákikkiáną) - she ran back towards her own [JOD]

► ex: e-ti-tʰaⁿ ko-e-kde i-ya-we, maⁿ-te kʰe a-ki-ki-a-naⁿ, i-ya-we (ettítʰą koékde iyáwe, mątté kʰe ákikkiáną, iyáwe) - then she started to run, she ran/raced back towards her canoe, they say [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ki-ba-naⁿ (kí-ba-naⁿ) - to run a race; racing [JOD-Omaha]; ʰki-ba-noⁿ (ḳí-ba-noⁿ) - to run a race; to race [FL-Osage]; ʰki-pa-naⁿ (ʰkipáną) - race; run in a competition, perhaps lit., ‘place oneself first’ [CQ-Osage]

race of people

            ► zho zhi-te (žožítte) - Indian (recent term)

            ► zho zhi-te (žožítte) - Indian [MS, AB, AG, OM]

            ► zho zhi-te (jŭ-gitteh) - Indian (indien) [GI]

► cf. zho (žo) - flesh, meat; zhi-te (žítte) - red

► Dhegiha: ni-ka zhi-de (níkazhide) - red people [Omaha]; ni-ka-shiⁿ-ga xiⁿ ha zhi-de (nikashiⁿga xiⁿ ha zhide) - red skinned people [Omaha]; ni-ʰka zhu-dse (ní-ḳa zhu-dse) - Indian, red man [FL-Osage]; ni-ʰka zhu-tse (níʰka žúuce) - Indian, Indians, lit., “red man”, “red people” [CQ-Osage]; ni-ka zhu-je (níka zhùje) - red man, Indian, seemingly a modern compound, suggesting that this is a translation of the term “red man” that white men used in reference to Indians [Kaw]

► wa-jhi-ni (waǰíni) - white people, white man, white race [MS, MR, OM]

► wa-jhi-ni (waǰíni) - American; derived from “Virginia”

► wa-jhi-ni (ŭatschinni) - American (Américain) [GI]

► wa-tshi-ni (wâ-tci-ni) - Virginian, white man [LH]

► Dhegiha: ma-hiⁿ taⁿ-ga (má-hiⁿ-t͓áñ-ga) - an American; Americans, “big knife” [JOD-Omaha]; moⁿ-hiⁿ ʰtoⁿ-ga (móⁿ-hiⁿ ṭoⁿ-ga) - the Osage name for an Englishman, “big-knife” [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-hiⁿ ʰtaⁿ (mą́ąhį ʰtą́ą) - white person (archaic or rare); superintendent, officer or other white person of rank, the government, kit., ‘big knife’ [CQ-Osage]; maⁿ-hiⁿ taⁿ-ga (máⁿhiⁿ tàⁿga) - Americans, lit. “big knives” [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: xiⁿ-ha ska (xiⁿ-há çka) - white skin, the white race, white people [FL-Osage]; xu-ha-ska (xuháaska) - white person, Caucasian [CQ-Osage]; xu-ha-ska (xuháska) - white man, term applied to white people [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: wa-xe (wáqe) - white person, white man; non-Indian; Frenchman, Canadian [Omaha/Ponca]; wa-xe (waxe) - white man [Omaha]; wa-qe (wáqe) - a Frenchman, a Canadian; a white man, as distinguished from an Indian [JOD-Omaha]; wa-qe zhiⁿ-ga (wáqe zhiⁿga) - half breed, “white man’s child” [Omaha/Ponca]; wa-qe zhiⁿ-ga (wá-qe jíñ-ga) - a half breed, “a white man’s child” [JOD-Omaha]; wa-xe he-be (waxe hebe) - half breed [Omaha]

► Dhegiha: wa-xe u-kʰe-thiⁿ (wáqe ukʰéthiⁿ) - French, Canadian, white man, ordinary; Frenchman, French Canadian; “ordinary white man” [Omaha/Ponca]; wa-xe u-ke-thiⁿ (wáxe ukethiⁿ) - French [Omaha]; wa-xe u-ke-thiⁿ (wá-qe u-ké-¢iⁿ) a Canadian Frenchman, “an ordinary white man” [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: mi-gre-she (migreshe) - Englishman, white man, not a Kaw word and not commonly used among the Kaw, although it was recognized because it was widespread among Native Americans; a word supposedly derived from the French term, “les anglais” (the English) [Kaw]; da-tsi (dáci) - Dutch person, includes Dutch, German, Irish, etc. [Kaw]

► i-shta-xe (ištáxe) - Frenchman, whiteman

► iⁿ-shta-xe (inschtacheh) - French (Français) [GI]

► i-sta-ge (istáge) - French [OM]

► Dhegiha: iⁿ-shta-xiⁿ (iⁿ-shtá-xiⁿ) - yellow eyes, a white man [FL-Osage]; iⁿ-shta-xiⁿ (įįštáxįį) - white person, French person, Canadian or English person, light eyes, gray, brown, or yellow eyes [CQ-Osage]; iⁿ-shta-xiⁿ zhiⁿ (įįštáxįžį́) - person of mixed blood (white and Osage), lit., ‘a little white’ [CQ-Osage]; i-shta-xe (ishtáxe), i-shta-ghe (ishtághe) - white man, Frenchman; a Frenchman, probably so called on account of having eyebrows; subsequently, any white man [Kaw]; i-shta-ghe ma-siⁿ-ha (ishtághe masíⁿha) - half breed, half French [Kaw]

► i-shta-xi sha (ištáxi šá) - negro, lit. “dark whiteman”

► i-shta-xi sha (ištáxi šá) - African American, negro [MS, MR]

► i-sta-ge sha (istáge šá) - African American, negro [OM]

► cf. i-shta-xe (ištáxe) - frenchman, whiteman; sha (ša) - dark, indistinct black

► Dhegiha: ni-ʰka sa-be (ni-ḳá ça-be) - negro, “black man” [FL-Osage]; ni-ʰka sa-pe (níʰka sápe) - black person, African American [CQ-Osage]; ni-ka sa-be (níka sàbe) - black man, negro male [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: wa-xe sa-be (wá-qe sá-bĕ) - a black man or negro [JOD-Omaha]; wa-xe sa-be (wáqe sábe) - Black person, African-Anerican [Omaha/Ponca]; wa-xe sa-be (waxe çábe) - black man, African [Omaha]

► Dhegiha: mi-ka sa-pe (mi-ká sá-p͓e) - a Negro [JOD-Osage]; miⁿ-ka-sa (mįʰkása) - black person; slang, a corruption, blending ‘blackened by the sun’ with ‘racoon’; influenced by English derogatory expression coon [CQ-Osage]; mi-a-sa (miása), miⁿ-a-sa (mįįása), miⁿ-a-sa-i (mį́įasai) - black person, lit., ‘sun-blackened’ [CQ-Osage]; sa-e-zhiⁿ (sáežį), sa-i-zhiⁿ (sáižį) - little black person [CQ-Osage]

► spa-iⁿ (spahin) - Spaniard (Espagnol) [GI]

► spa-i-’aⁿ (spáiʔą) - Mexican

► spa-i-a (spáia) - Mexican [MS]

► Dhegiha: shpai-u-na (shpaiúna) - Spaniard, Spanish person [Omaha/Ponca]; he-shpai-u-na (héshpaiúna) - Spaniard, Spanish person or people [Omaha/Ponca]; he-spa-yu-na (hespayúna) - Spaniards, Hispanic [Omaha]; i-spa-tho (i-spá-tho) - the Osage word for Spanish; Spaniard [FL-Osage]; i-shpa-thoⁿ (íšpaðǫ) - Spanish, Mexican, French; Spaniard, any native Spanish speaking person, especially a Mexican, French person; Spanish language, French language, borrowed from Spanish español [CQ-Osage]; e-spa-na-ni (espánani), e-spa-no-ne (éspanòne) - Mexican, Spaniard [Kaw]

rafter, ceiling of a house

► sa-ti o-knaⁿ (sátti ókną) - rafter [JOD]

► sa-ti o-kdaⁿ (sátti ókdą) - ceiling of a house

► cf. sa-ti o-kdaⁿ oⁿ-he (sátti ókdą ǫhé) - joists, cross timbers of house; o-knaⁿ (okną́), o-kdaⁿ (ókdą) - put into

railroad engine

► pe-te zhoⁿ di-taⁿ-da so-te (pétte žǫ́ ditądá soté) - railroad engine [JOD]

► cf. pe-te (ppétte) - fire; zhoⁿ di-taⁿ-da so-te (žǫ́ dittą́da sotté) - locomotive, train, “wagon go fast”; zhaⁿ-di-taⁿ-da (žą́dittą́da) - wagon, “running wood”; zhaⁿ (žą), zhoⁿ (žǫ) - wood, tree; o-di-taⁿ-da (odíttąda) - turn something, pull around; so-te (sotté) - fast, swift of an animal

► Dhegiha: pe-de (péde) - fire, match [Omaha/Ponca]; ʰpe-dse (p̣é-dse) - fire [FL-Osage]; ʰpe-tse (ʰpéece) - fire, cooking fire, meeting fire, cooking stove gas fire [CQ-Osage]; pe-je (péje) - fire [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: zhoⁿ (zhoⁿ) - wood, tree, yard of cloth, span of horses [Omaha/Ponca]; zhoⁿ (zhoⁿ) - wood, a tree, fuel [FL-Osage]; zhaⁿ (žą́ą) - tree, log, wood, lumber, stick, pole, woods, forest [CQ-Osage]; zhaⁿ (zhaⁿ) - wood, a tree, or log [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: thi-ʰtoⁿ-tha (thi-ṭóⁿ-tha) - to roll [FL-Osage]; u-thi-ʰtoⁿ-tha (u-thí-ṭoⁿ-tha) - anything propelled by rolling, a wagon, buggy, a carriage [FL-Osage]; o-thi-taⁿ (oðíʰtą) - car, wagon [CQ-Osage]; i-taⁿ-yaⁿ (ítaⁿyaⁿ) - wagon, cart [Kaw]; o-yu-taⁿ-ya (oyútaⁿya), o-yu-taⁿ-ya (óyutaⁿya) - wagon, cart [Kaw]

railway

► pe-te zhoⁿ-di-taⁿ-da o-zhoⁿ-ke (ppétte žǫ́dittą́da ožǫke) - railway lit. “fire wagon road”

► cf. pe-te (ppétte) - fire; zhaⁿ-di-taⁿ-da (žą́dittą́da) - wagon, “running wood”; zhaⁿ (žą), zhoⁿ (žǫ) - wood, tree; o-di-taⁿ-da (odíttąda) - turn something, pull around; o-zhoⁿ-ke (ožǫ́ke) - road

► Dhegiha: pe-de (péde) - fire, match [Omaha/Ponca]; ʰpe-dse (p̣é-dse) - fire [FL-Osage]; ʰpe-tse (ʰpéece) - fire, cooking fire, meeting fire, cooking stove gas fire [CQ-Osage]; pe-je (péje) - fire [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: zhoⁿ (zhoⁿ) - wood, tree, yard of cloth, span of horses [Omaha/Ponca]; zhoⁿ (zhoⁿ) - wood, a tree, fuel [FL-Osage]; zhaⁿ (žą́ą) - tree, log, wood, lumber, stick, pole, woods, forest [CQ-Osage]; zhaⁿ (zhaⁿ) - wood, a tree, or log [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: thi-ʰtoⁿ-tha (thi-ṭóⁿ-tha) - to roll [FL-Osage]; u-thi-ʰtoⁿ-tha (u-thí-ṭoⁿ-tha) - anything propelled by rolling, a wagon, buggy, a carriage [FL-Osage]; o-thi-taⁿ (oðíʰtą) - car, wagon [CQ-Osage]; i-taⁿ-yaⁿ (ítaⁿyaⁿ) - wagon, cart [Kaw]; o-yu-taⁿ-ya (oyútaⁿya), o-yu-taⁿ-ya (óyutaⁿya) - wagon, cart [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: u-zhoⁿ-ge (uzhoⁿge) - road [Omaha]; u-zhoⁿ-ge (u-zhoⁿ-ge) - a trail, a path, a route to be taken, a thoroughfare, a road [FL-Osage]; o-zhaⁿ-ke (óžąke) - road, highway, thoroughfare, route, path, pathway, orbit [CQ-Osage]; o-zhaⁿ-ge (ozháⁿge) - road, line of fireplaces in a camp [Kaw]

rain

► ni-zhi (niží) - rain; it is raining

► ni-zhi (niží) - rain [MS, AB, AG, OM]

► ni-zhi (ní˙ži) - rain [FS]

► ni-zhi (nizhî́) - rain [ASG]

► ex: ni-zhi tʰe (niží tʰe) - the rain

► ex: ni-zhi te (niží tte) - it will rain

► ex: ni-zhi hi-de (niží híde) - raining

► ex: ni-zhi te (niží tte) - it’s going to rain [OM]

► ex: jhi-e ni-zhi shkoⁿ-ta (jhíe niží škǫttá) - do you want the rain? [AG]

► ex: ni-zhi koⁿ-da niⁿ-kʰe (niží kǫdá nįkʰé) - they want rain [MS]

► Dhegiha: na-zhiⁿ (nazhiⁿ) - rain, to rain [Omaha/Ponca]; noⁿ-zhiⁿ (noⁿzhiⁿ) - rain [Omaha]; na-zhiⁿ (na-jíⁿ) - to rain, rain [JOD-Omaha]; ni-zhiu (ni-zhiú), ni-zhu (ni-zhu) - rain [FL-Osage]; ni-zhu (níižu) - rain, to rain [CQ-Osage]; ni-zhu (nizhú), nu-zhu (nuzhú) - rain; to rain [Kaw]

Rain Thunder Being

► ni-zhi wa-kaⁿ-ta (nijí wakánta) - masculine name, Rain Thunder Being [JOD]

► cf. ni-zhi (niží) - rain; wa-kaⁿ-ta (wakką́tta) - spirit, God, mysterious being, thunder being

► Dhegiha: na-zhiⁿ (nazhiⁿ) - rain, to rain [Omaha/Ponca]; noⁿ-zhiⁿ (noⁿzhiⁿ) - rain [Omaha]; na-zhiⁿ (na-jíⁿ) - to rain, rain [JOD-Omaha]; ni-zhiu (ni-zhiú), ni-zhu (ni-zhu) - rain [FL-Osage]; ni-zhu (níižu) - rain, to rain [CQ-Osage]; ni-zhu (nizhú), nu-zhu (nuzhú) - rain; to rain [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: wa-koⁿ-da (wakoⁿda) - God [Omaha]; wa-kaⁿ-da (wakáⁿda) - God, the wonderful or mysterious power [JOD-Omaha]; wa-ʰkoⁿ-da (wa-ḳóⁿ-da) - God; the name applied by the Osage to the mysterious, invisable, creative power which brings into existence all living things of whatever kind [FL-Osage]; wa-ʰkoⁿ-ta (waʰkǫ́ta) - God [CQ-Osage]; wa-kaⁿ-da (wakáⁿda) - god [Kaw]

rain, precipitate

► hi-de (híde) - precipitate, as rain or snow

► hi-de (híde) - cause it to come [JOD]

► ex: po-i-de (poíde) - snowing; po (po) - snow + hi-de (híde) - precipitate

► ex: ni-zhi hi-de (niži hide) - raining; ni-zhi (niží) - rain + hi-de (híde) - precipitate

► ex: te-zhe zhi-ka hi-de (téže žíka híde) - urinating/a little/caused it to come [JOD]

► ex: te-zhe zhi-ka hi-de kaⁿ niⁿ-kʰe i-ya-we, o-do-tʰe niⁿ-kʰe a-te-zhe naⁿ, i-ya-we (téže žíka híde ką́-nįkʰé iyáwe, ódotʰe nįkʰé áteže ną, iyáwe) - as she sat awhile, she urinated a little, they say, she urinated upon the man eater, they say [JOD]

► Dhegiha: hiu-the (hiu-the) - coming; to cause to come [FL-Osage]; hu-the (húðe) - coming down, falling; cause to come here, send here; come here; hand over, hand to, pass to by hand or other means (e.g., food at the table) [CQ-Osage]; hu-ye (húye) - relating to weather: blowing, precipitating [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ba hiu-the (ba hiú-the) - ba, snow; hiu-the, coming: snowstorm [FL-Osage]; pa hu-the (pá húðe) - snow, snowfall, snow coming down, falling snow [CQ-Osage]; ba hu-ye (bahúye) - to snow, be snowing [Kaw]

rain, White Rain

► ni-zhi ska (niží ska) - masculine name [MS]

► cf. ni-zhi (niží) - rain; ska (ska) - white

rainbow

► to-ni-kde (ttoníkde) - rainbow

► Dhegiha: tu-zhnin-ge (tuzhnínge) - rainbow [Omaha/Ponca]; tu-shni-ge (tushníge) - rainbow [Omaha]; tu-shniⁿ-ge (t͓u-c͓niñ́-ge) - a rainbow [JOD-Omaha]; ʰtu-hni-gthe (ṭu-hní-gthe), ʰto-sni-gthe (ṭo-sní-gthe) - rainbow [FL-Osage]; ʰto-ni-le (ʰtoníle) - rainbow [CQ-Osage]; to-ho-laⁿ (tóholaⁿ), to-li-li (tolíli) - rainbow [Kaw]

raise it up

► di-maⁿ-shi hne (dimą́ši hné) - raise it up! [MS]

► cf. di-maⁿ-shi (dimą́ši) - pull up high; di (di) - by hand, pulling; maⁿ-shi (mąší) - upper, upward, heaven, high, above; ni-he (nihé), hne (hné) - imperative

► Dhegiha: thi-moⁿ-shi (thi moⁿshi) - elevate [Omaha]; we-thi-moⁿ-shi (wé-thi-moⁿ-shi) - a lifter, a jack for lifting of wheels and other heavy objects [FL-Osage]; thu-maⁿ-shi (ðuumą́ši) - pull up, hold up, raise, lift [CQ-Osage]; yu-maⁿ-shi (yumáⁿshi) - to elevate, put up high; to lift something [Kaw]

raise the foot as in walking

► si di-ze (si díze) - raise the foot as in walking

► cf. si (si) - foot; di-ze (dizé) - get, take, receive; o-si-di-ze (osídize) - stride

► ex: si di-ze de-de (si díze déde) - stride, make a step

► ex: si di-ze de-de (sí dizé dedé) - raising his feet/sent it off [JOD]

► ex: si di-ze de-de naⁿ hi tʰe-ti (sí dizé dedé ną hí tʰétti) - at every step which he took [JOD]

► Dhegiha: si thi-ze (si ¢í-zĕ) - to take up his feet, to raise the feet, as in walking [JOD-Omaha]; si thi-ze (si thíze) - lift one’s feet, as in walking [Omaha/Ponca]; si thi-ze (çi thize) - step [Omaha]; si thu-ze stse-dse (çí-thu-çe stse-dse) - to stride [FL-Osage]; si yu-ze (síyuze) - to take a step, advance step by step [Kaw]

raise or uncover for someoneone

► ki-di-a-ze (kídiazé) - to raise or uncover for someone

► cf. di-a-ze (diáze) - pull open; di-a-ze (diáze) - to pull aside [JOD]; kdi-a-ze (kdiáze) - to open one’s own [JOD]

► ex: ki-di-a-ze (kídiazé) - he raised it for her, he pulled it off from her [JOD]

► ex: maⁿ-hiⁿ-taⁿ ki-di-a-ze (mą́hį́ttą kidiazé) - he raised the blanket for her, he pulled the blanket off from her [JOD]

► Dhegiha: gi-thi-a-ze (gí-¢i-á-zĕ) - to pull open a door or lift off a plank for another [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: thi-a-ze (¢i-á-zĕ) - to open, as a door; to lift off as a plank, etc. [JOD-Omaha]; thi-a-ze (thi-á-çe) - to uncover, to remove the cover of a tent or the lid of a box [FL-Osage]; thu-a-ze (ðuuáze) - open (e.g., a door, a window, the lid on a box) [CQ-Osage]

raised

► bda-bda (bdábda) - raised

► cf. bda-bda i-tʰe-de (bdabdá itʰéde) - pull up on the long end, as a plank; a-ni bda bda (áni bdá bda) - ridge, long ridge; ti-he bda-bda (ttíhe bdabdá) - edge of roof

raised, Face Raised

► iⁿ-te maⁿ-da (iⁿ́tĕ́ maⁿ́d^¢a) - female name, (deer) with it’s Face Raised (to browse), Julia Shapp [JOD]

► iⁿ-te maⁿ-da (iⁿ-té maⁿ́-da) - female name of the Kwapa Elk gens; Face up [JOD]

► iⁿ-te maⁿ-da (iⁿ́tĕ́ maⁿ́d^¢a) - (elk) holds face up (in browsing) or Mrs. Peter Shapp, also Minnie Josette, dau of naⁿ-ka to (nañka tú) [JOD]

► cf. iⁿ-te (įtté) - face; maⁿ-da (mą́da) - on one’s back

► Dhegiha: iⁿ-de (íⁿde) - face [Omaha/Ponca]; iⁿ-de (iⁿde) - face [Omaha]; iⁿ-dse (iⁿ-dsé) - face [FL-Osage]; iⁿ-tse (įcé) - face [CQ-Osage]; i-je (ijé) - face [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: maⁿ-a-tha (máⁿ-a-¢a) - on the back [JOD-Omaha]; maⁿ-a-tha-tha (máⁿ-a-¢á-¢a) - on the back again and again [JOD-Omaha]; ba-moⁿ-tha i-the-the (ba-móⁿ-tha i-the-the) - to push a person backward [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: thu-ma-tha (ðumáða) - lift, hold high, raise, turn up [CQ-Osage]

Raises the Head

► pa di-ha (pá d^¢ihá) - masculine name, Raises the Head (Cletus Mud..e) [JOD]

► cf. pa (pa) - head; di-ha-ta (díhattá) - lift something

► Dhegiha: pa thi-haⁿ (p͓a ¢i-háⁿ) - to hold up the head [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: pa (pa) - head [Omaha/Ponca]; pa (pa) - head including the face [Omaha]; pa (p͓a) - a head [JOD-Omaha]; ʰpa (p̣a) - the head; the whole of the head [FL-Osage]; ʰpa (ʰpá) - head, protuberance, bulge, mound [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: thi-hoⁿ (thihoⁿ) - lift; raise [Omaha]; thi-hoⁿ (thi-hóⁿ) - to lift [FL-Osage]; thi-ha (ðíiha), thi-haⁿ (ðiihą́) - lift, pick up, hold up, or raise someone or something [CQ-Osage]; yu-haⁿ (yuháⁿ) - lift up, pull up, lift a heavy object up [Kaw]

rake, sweep litter away

► di-xe (dixé) - rake, sweep litter away ► bdi-xe (bdíxe) - I, ti-xe (ttíxe) - you’

► Dhegiha: thiu-xe (thiu-xe) - cleared of grass [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: we-thu-xe (wé-thu-xe) - garden rake [FL-Osage]; moⁿ thiu-xe (móⁿ-thiu-xe) - ground-cleared-of-grass, personal name, refers to the bare ground around the home of the bear [FL-Osage]; moⁿ-hiⁿ i-thi-xe (moⁿ-híⁿ i-thi-xe) - a sulky hayrake [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-ze we-yu-xe (máⁿze wèyuxe), maⁿ-ze we-yo-xe (máⁿze wèyoxe) - a rake drawn by a horse; dipping fork, any tool for dipping [Kaw]

ramrod for a muzzle loader

► a-ka-ha ste-te (ákaha stétte) - ramrod for a muzzle loader

► cf. ste-te (stétte) - tall, long

► Dhegiha: a-ga-ha (á-ga-ha) - on, upon; outside of, as an enclosure [JOD-Omaha]; a-ga-ha (á-ga-ha) - on top of, or on the outside [FL-Osage]; a-ka-ha (ákaha) - on top, top, summit [CQ-Osage]; a-ga-ha (ágaha) - on, upon, on top [Kaw]

rapid

► sa-ki (sákki) - rapid, as a stream, man, horse

► ex: sa-ki (sakkí) - walk faster

► ex: ni sa-ki (ni sáki) - current in a stream

► Dhegiha: sa-gi (sagí) - firm, fast, tight; difficult to untie or loosen; hard as sweet corn before it is boiled [Omaha/Ponca]; sa-gi-gi (sagígi) - quick, swift, fast, firm, hard, tight repeatedly or in several places; quick, swift, fast [Omaha/Ponca]; sa-gi (ça-gí) - firm; solid; strong; hard; durable; lasting; tough; inflexible; not easily bent [FL-Osage]; sa-ki (saakí) - tight, tightly; firm, solid, hard in texture, strong, muscular; difficult, hard to do things with [CQ-Osage]; sa-gi (sagí) - hard, firm, tight; tough; strong, muscular [Kaw]

► x’aⁿ-sa (xʔąsá) - swift

► ex: kde-taⁿ ’aⁿ-sa (kdetą́ ʔąsá) - masculine name of the Kwapa wa-zhiⁿ-ka (wažį́ka) or Bird gens; Swift Hawk, the present name of Alphonsus Valliere [JOD]

► ex: maⁿ-te x’aⁿ-sa (mątté xʔą́sa) - masculine name, Swift Boat [JOD]

► ex: mi x’aⁿ-sa (mi xʔą́sa) - female name, Swift Sun. “Aunt” of kde-taⁿ sa (kdetą́ sa), and mother of ke-da- to (kkéda tto); Mrs. Mary Stafford, she blongs to the Crawfish Gens one of the Hanka half-tribe [JOD]

► ex: ta-te x’aⁿ-sa (ttaté xʔąsá) - masculine name, Swift Wind [JOD]

► ex: ta-te x’aⁿ-sa (Tataonsa) - Whistling Wind, Treaty of St. Louis with the Quapaw (1818)

► ex: wa-kaⁿ-ta x’aⁿ-sa (waką́ta xʔąsá) - masculine name [JOD]

► ex: wa-zhiⁿ x’aⁿ-sa (wažį́ xʔą́sa) - masculine name [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ’aⁿ-sa (’aⁿ-sa) - swift at running [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: ’aⁿ-sa-gi (’áⁿ-sa-gi) - swift at running [JOD-Omaha]; ʰk’oⁿ-sa-gi (ḳ’óⁿ-ça-gi) - fleet, swift, very fast [FL-Osage]; k’aⁿ-sa-ki (kʔą́saaki) - be fast in movement, fleet as a runner; quickly, fast, rapidly, swiftly [CQ-Osage]; k’aⁿ-sa-gi (k’áⁿsagi), k’aⁿ-sa-ge(k’áⁿsage) - run fast, be fast; fast, swiftly, rapidly [Kaw]

rapidly, fast

► so-te (sotté) - fast, swift of an animal

► so-te (sótte) - fast, rapidly [JOD]

► ex: mi so-te (mi sotté) - Fast or Swift Sun, female name [MS, JOD]

► ex: zhoⁿ di-taⁿ-da so-te (žǫ́ dittą́da sotté) - train (wagon go fast) [MS, JOD]

► ex: a-zho-wa hi pʰi a-ni-he, so-te a-ni-he, aⁿ-xde te a-zhaⁿ-niⁿ (ažowá hi pʰí aníhe, sótte aníhe, ą́xde tte ažąmį́) - I was coming as fast as possible, I was moving fast, I thought he was going to overtake me [JOD]

► ex: so-te hi (sotté hi) - very fast; very rapid; very swift

► ex: maⁿ-niⁿ so-te hi (mąnį́ sotté hi) - walk fast [MS]

► ex: taⁿ-niⁿ so-te hi (ttą́nį sotté hi) - run fast [MS]

► ex: so-te hi kde niⁿ (sótte hí kde nį́) - very rapidly, she went homeward [JOD]

► ex: a-zho-wa-xti so-te hi kde kʰe (ážowáxti sótte hí kde kʰé) - with great effort/with all her might, very fast/rapidly, she went homeward [JOD]

► Dhegiha: su-se (su-sĕ́) - swift flowing [JOD-Omaha]; su-se (súse) - be fast, swift [Kaw]

rash, impetuous

► wa-ki-xdo-zhi (wákkixdoži) - rash, impetuous ► aⁿ-wa-ki-xdo-zhi (ąwákkixdóži) - I, wa-di-ki-xdo-zhi (wadíkkixdóži) - you

raspberry

► wa-xe-ka xo-te (waxéka xótte) - raspberry

► cf. wa-xe-ka (waxéka) - blackberry; xo-te (xótte) - gray; wa-xe-ka xo-te hi (waxéka xótte hí) - raspberry bush; wa-xe-ka ma-ni (waxéka máni) - dewberry

► Dhegiha: wa-xa-ga je-xle tso (waxága jéxle có) - raspberry [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: wa-xa-ga (wa-xá-ga) - any plant that has prickly spines, like the sand bur, cactus, cocklebur, prickly-ash [FL-Osage]; wa-xa-ka (waxáka) - stickers, thorns, briars, cockleburs; thorny, burry, prickly [CQ-Osage]; wa-xa-ga (waxága) - brier, sticker; a running brier, about three feet high, that clings to bushes [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: xu-de (qúde) - gray, brown [Omaha/Ponca]; xu-de (xúde) - gray [Omaha]; xo-de (xó-de) - drab, a grayish color [FL-Osage]; xo-dse (xó-dse) - gray, a gray line [FL-Osage]; xo-tse (xóce) - gray, dull, color or finish, faded, grayish like ashes, smoky [CQ-Osage]; xo-je (xóje) - grey, light blue [Kaw]

raspberry bush

► wa-xe-ka xo-te hi (waxéka xótte hí) - raspberry bush

► cf. wa-xe-ka xo-te (waxéka xótte) - raspberry; hi (hi) - tree, bush, vine, stalk, leg; wa-xe-ka (waxéka) - blackberry; wa-xe-ka ma-ni (waxéka máni) - dewberry

► Dhegiha: wa-xa-ga (wa-xá-ga) - any plant that has prickly spines, like the sand bur, cactus, cocklebur, prickly-ash [FL-Osage]; wa-xa-ka (waxáka) - stickers, thorns, briars, cockleburs; thorny, burry, prickly [CQ-Osage]; wa-xa-ga (waxága) - brier, sticker; a running brier, about three feet high, that clings to bushes [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: hi (hi) - stalk, stem, trunk, leg, tooth [Omaha/Ponca]; hi (hi) - tree trunk, plant stalk, plant vine, tooth, leg [Omaha]; hi (hi), hiu (hiu) - trunk of a tree, vines, stalks of plants, a leg [FL-Osage]; hu (hú), hiu (hiú), hi (hi) - trunk, stalk, leg [CQ-Osage]; hu (hu) - trunk of a tree, vine, limb, leg [Kaw]

rat

► iⁿ-chʰoⁿ taⁿ-ka (įčʰǫ́ ttą́ka) - rat

► iⁿ-chʰaⁿ-ka taⁿ-ka (inschunka-tunka) - rat (rat) [GI]

► cf. iⁿ-chʰaⁿ-ka (įčʰą́ka), iⁿ-chʰoⁿ-ka (įčʰǫ́ka) - mouse; taⁿ-ka (ttą́ka) - big, large; iⁿ-chʰoⁿ bda-ska (į́čʰǫ bdáska) - flying squirrel; iⁿ-chʰoⁿ-pa-zi-ta-da (įčʰǫ́ppazíttadá) - field mouse

► Dhegiha: iⁿ-chʰoⁿ toⁿ-ga (iⁿchóⁿ toⁿga) - rat [Omaha]; iⁿ-chʰoⁿ ʰtoⁿ-ga (iⁿ-chóⁿ ṭoⁿ-ga) - a rat [FL-Osage]; iⁿ-chʰoⁿ ʰtaⁿ (įcʰóʰtąą), iⁿ-chʰoⁿ ʰtaⁿ-ka (icʰóʰtąka) - muskrat; rat [CQ-Osage]; iⁿ-chʰoⁿ taⁿ-ga (iⁿchóⁿ taⁿga) - rat, lit. “big mouse” [Kaw]

rate, at any rate

► shoⁿ-hi-te (šǫ́hitte) - anyhow, at any rate, despite, notwithstanding [JOD]

► ex: aⁿ-t’e ta miⁿ-kʰe a-zhaⁿ-miⁿ shoⁿ-hi-te (ątʔe tta mįkʰe ažąmį́ šǫ́hitte) - at any rate, I think I will be dead/die [JOD]

► ex: shoⁿ-hi-te aⁿ-t’e ta miⁿ-kʰe, aⁿ-t’e taⁿ zho za-ni ta-x’aⁿ-ki-da ni-he, aⁿ-naⁿki-ye (šǫ́hite ątʔé tta mįkʰé, ątʔé tą žó zaní táxʔąkidá-nihé, ąną́kiye) - well/at any rate I am going to die, when I'm dead barbecue all my flesh for me, he said to me [JOD]

► ko-i-shoⁿ-e (kóišǫ́e) - at any rate [JOD]

► ko-i-shoⁿ-e (kóišǫ́e) - no matter what

► ex: “ko-i-shoⁿ-e, shoⁿ-bde ta miⁿ-kʰe,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“kóišǫ́e, šǫbdé tta mįkʰé,” iyí iyá maštį́ke) - no matter what, I will go with you,” it is said Rabbit said [JOD]

rather, we rather than others

► oⁿ-ko-we-taⁿ (ǫkówettą) - we, rather than others

► cf. wi-e-taⁿ (wíettą) - I, if it were I; di-e-taⁿ (díettą) - if it were you; had it been you

► Dhegiha: e-daⁿ (é-daⁿ) - he rather (than any one else), he to exclusion of others [JOD-Omaha]

rattle

► di-sha-da (dišáda) - rattle

► cf. di-sha-sha-da (dišášada) - rattle, make a rattling noise; a-na-sha-da (ánašáda) - bell, rattle [MS]; ka-sha-da (kašadá) - rattle by striking something

► Dhegiha: thi-sa-thu (thi-çá-thu) - to rattle or make a rattling sound [FL-Osage]; yu-sha-yo (yusháyo) - cause to rattle or ring by pulling, dragging [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: sa-thu (sathú) - rattle; to rattle, like a rattlesnake or a corn kernels [Omaha/Ponca]; sha-thu (ça-thu) - to rattle [FL-Osage]; sa-yo (sayó) - rattle; rustling, like dry cornstalks or fallen leaves [Kaw]; sha-yo (shayó) - rattle, ring [Kaw]

rattle by striking something

► ka-sha-da (kašadá) - rattle by striking something ► a-sha-da (ášada) - I, da-sha-da (dášada) - you, oⁿ-ka-sha-da-we (ǫkášadawe) - we

► cf. a-na-sha-da (ánašáda) - bell, rattle [MS]; di-sha-da (dišáda) - rattle; di-sha-sha-da (dišášada) - rattle, make a rattling noise

► Dhegiha: ga-sha-thu (ga-cá-¢u) - to make the sound of striking water; to make the sound heard when a chain falls and hits an object, or that of hitting a chain with a stick [JOD-Omaha]; ga-sa-thu (ga-sá-¢u) - to shake a rattle; to hit corn and make it rattle as it falls [JOD-Omaha]; ga-sa-thu (gasathu) - rattle [Omaha]; ga-su-the (ga-çú-the) - sounding a rattle with a stroke [FL-Osage]

rattle, bell

► a-na-sha-da (ánašáda) - bell, rattle [MS]

► cf. di-sha-da (dišáda) - rattle; di-sha-sha-da (dišášada) - rattle, make a rattling noise

ka-sha-da (kašadá) - rattle by striking something

► Dhegiha: noⁿ-sha-thu (noⁿ-shá-thu) - small bells tied to clothing which rattle when dancing [FL-Osage]; noⁿ-sa-thu (noⁿ-ça-thu) - to jingle, as bells; the rattling of grass by feet of the traveler [FL-Osage]; naⁿ-sha-yo (naⁿsháyo), naⁿ-sho-we (naⁿshówe) - to make ring by dancing, as rattles or small bells on the leggings, dress, or moccasins [Kaw]; naⁿ-sho-we (naⁿshówe) - to rattle or ring by use of legs or feet, or with bells on the leggings, dress, or moccasins [Kaw]

rattle, gourd

► pe-xe (péqe) - rattle [JOD]

► pe-xe (ppéγe) - gourd [MS]

► Dhegiha: pe-xe (pexe) - gourd, gourd rattle [Omaha]; pe-xe (p͓é-xe) - a gourd; gourd rattle [JOD-Omaha]; ʰpe-xe (p̩é-xe) - gourd rattle [FL-Osage]; ʰpe-xe (ʰpéγe) - gourd, gourd rattle, used in peyote meeting [CQ-Osage]; pe-ghe (péghe) - gourd, a gourd rattle [Kaw]

► ba-xa (ba xä) - practice rattle, from John Quapaw [MH]

► wa-naⁿ-’iⁿ o-ba-xo (wa nŭ ī obäxŭ) - medicine (mescal) (peyote) ceremonial rattle, from Dick Quapaw [MH]

► wa-naⁿ-’iⁿ o-ba-xo (wa nŭ ī obäxŭ) - rattle (woman’s) for mescal (peyote) medicine ceremony, from Mary Quapaw [MH]

► cf. wa-naⁿ-’iⁿ (waną́ʔį) - beads; wa-naⁿ-’iⁿ (waną́ʔį) - necklace, necktie, neckerchief, “something worn around the neck”; naⁿ-’iⁿ (nąʔį́) - wear around the neck

► Dhegiha: wa-noⁿ-p’iⁿ (wanóⁿp’iⁿ) - necklace, man'’ necklace; something worn around a man's neck [Omaha/Ponca]; wa-noⁿ-p’iⁿ (wanoⁿp’iⁿ) - choker, necklace, necktie [Omaha]; wa-noⁿ-ʰp’iⁿ (wa-noⁿ-p̣’iⁿ) - necklace, these were made of shells, nuts of trees, elk teeth, pendants were made of mussel shells also, this is also applied to the symbolic neck ornament, gorget [FL-Osage]; wa-noⁿ-p’iⁿ (wanǫ́pʔį) - necklace, gorget, choker, medallion, medal, something worn around the neck [CQ-Osage]; wa-naⁿ-p’iⁿ (wanáⁿp’iⁿ) - necklace [Kaw]

► wa-xte-xe (waxtéxe) - rattle made of a gourd

rattle, make a rattling noise

► di-sha-sha-da (dišášada) - rattle, make a rattling noise

► cf. di-sha-da (dišáda) - rattle; a-na-sha-da (ánašáda) - bell, rattle [MS]; ka-sha-da (kašadá) - rattle by striking something

rattlesnake

► we-s’a-xti (wésʔaxti) - rattlesnake, “real snake”

► cf. we-s’a (wésʔa) - snake; xti (xti) - very, real, fully

► ex: we-s’a-xti kde-zhe (wésʔaxti kdežé) - spotted rattle snake, “spotted real serpent” [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ zho bdo-ka hi we-s’a o-do-hi i-ya-we, we-s’a-xti kde-zhe pe-xe ttaⁿ e-koⁿ o-do-hi i-ya-we (kóišǫ́ttą žo bdóka hi wésʔa odóhi iyáwe, wésʔaxti kdežé ppéγe ttą ekǫ́ odóhi iyáwe) - then her entire flesh/body turned into a snake, they say, turned into a rattlesnake (spotted real snake) with a rattle, like that, they say [JOD]

► Dhegiha: we-s’a sa-thu (wés’a sathú) - rattlesnake [Omaha/Ponca]; we-s’a sa-thu (wĕ́-s’a sa-¢ú) - a rattlesnake [JOD-Omaha]; sa-thu (çathu) - rattle snake [Omaha]; she-ʰki (shé-ḳi) - rattlesnake [FL-Osage]; we-ʰts’a siⁿ-dse e-goⁿ (wéṭs’a-çiⁿ-dse e-goⁿ) - resembling a rattlesnake’s tail [FL-Osage]; we-ts’a siⁿ-je o-ya-ha (wéts’a síⁿje oyáha) - rattlesnake, lit. “the snake with a tail” [Kaw]; we-ts’a siⁿ-je yi-shkaⁿ-shke (wéts’a síⁿje yishkáⁿshke) - rattlesnake [Kaw]

we-ts’a she-ku (wéts’a shekú) - rattlesnake [Kaw]

raven

► ka-xe (kkáγe) - raven

► ka-xe (chah-cheh) - crow, raven (corbeau) [GI]

► cf. maⁿ (mą), ma (ma) - crow

► Dhegiha: wa-zhiⁿ-ga sa-be (wazhiⁿga çabe) - raven [Omaha]

► Dhegiha: ʰka-xe ʰtoⁿ-ga (ḳá-xe ṭoⁿ-ga) - raven, “big crow” [FL-Osage]; ʰka-xe ʰtaⁿ-ka (ʰkáγe ʰtą́ka) - raven [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: ka-xe (káxe) - crow [Omaha/Ponca]; ka-xe (ká-xe) - crow [Omaha]; ka-xe (k͓á-xe) - a crow [JOD-Omaha]; ʰka-xe (ḳá-xe) - crow [FL-Osage]; ʰka-xe (ʰkáγe) - crow [CQ-Osage]; ka-ghe (kághe) - crow [Kaw]

Raven

► ka-xe (ka-xe) - masculine name of the Kwapa pe-ʰtaⁿ (ppétʰą) or Crane gens: Raven [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ka-ghe (kaghé) - Crow, male name [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ka-xe (káxe) - crow [Omaha/Ponca]; ka-xe (ká-xe) - crow [Omaha]; ka-xe (k͓á-xe) - a crow [JOD-Omaha]; ʰka-xe (ḳá-xe) - crow [FL-Osage]; ʰka-xe (ʰkáγe) - crow [CQ-Osage]; ka-ghe (kághe) - crow [Kaw]

Raven Passing By

► ka-xe tʰi-de (káqe tíd^¢ĕ) - Kwapa masculine name [JOD]

► cf. ka-xe (kkáγe) - raven; tʰi-de (tʰidé) - pass by, come forth at birth, to begin suddenly

► Dhegiha: ka-xe ka-ti-the (kaxékatithe) - Crow Sound Passing, male name [Omaha]

► Dhegiha: ka-xe (káxe) - crow [Omaha/Ponca]; ka-xe (káxe) - crow [Omaha]; ka-xe (k͓áxe) - crow [JOD-Omaha]; ʰka-xe (ḳá-xe) - crow [FL-Osage]; ʰka-xe (ʰkáɣe) - crow [CQ-Osage]; ka-ghe (kághe) - crow [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: tʰi-the (ti-¢é) - pass; to begin, commence, or start suddenly; to come forth, as an infant at birth [JOD-Omaha]; tsi-the (tsi-the), ʰtsi-e (ṭsi-e) - passing by [FL-Osage]; ʰtsi-the (ṭsi-thé) - he hastened, he began, denoting sudden action [FL-Osage]; chi-ye (chiyé) - suddenly, action in this direction [Kaw]

Raven that ____

► ka-xe to-ha niⁿ (ká-xe tú-ha níⁿ) - masculine name of the (Kwapa) oⁿ-pʰaⁿ (ǫ́pʰą) gens: Raven that ____, the head man of the gens [JOD]

► cf. ka-xe (kkáγe) - raven; niⁿ (nį), nyiⁿ (nyį) - be in a location, exist; niⁿ (nį) - continuative moving; niⁿ (nį) - the singular/moving/animate

► Dhegiha: ka-xe thaⁿ-ba (k͓á-xe ¢áⁿba) - Two Crows, male name [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: thiⁿ (thiⁿ) - the moving [JOD-Omaha]; thiⁿ (thiⁿ) - a man or animal moving about [FL-Osage]; yi (yi) - continuative, moving/animate [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: thiⁿ (¢iⁿ) - to be [Omaha/Ponca]; niⁿ (nį́), thiⁿ (ðį́) - be a certain way, live as, exist as, be characterized by the immediately preceding word or phrase, which may be a noun phrase [CQ-Osage]; yiⁿ (yiⁿ) - to be, to be so, to be such a one, indicates permanent or long-term condition [Kaw]

raven, Ancestral or First Raven

► ka-xe haⁿ-ka (káqe hañ́k͓a) - Kwapa masculine name [JOD]

► cf. ka-xe (kkáγe) - raven; haⁿ-ka (hą́ka) - ancestral/first gens

► Dhegiha: ka-xe (káxe) - crow [Omaha/Ponca]; ka-xe (ká-xe) - crow [Omaha]; ka-xe (k͓á-xe) - a crow [JOD-Omaha]; ʰka-xe (ḳá-xe) - crow [FL-Osage]; ʰka-xe (ʰkáγe) - crow [CQ-Osage]; ka-ghe (kághe) - crow [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: hoⁿ-ga (hóⁿga) - leader or first, implies the idea of ancient, or first, people; those who led, moiety or tribal half representing the earth and it’s water [Omaha-Fletcher/LaFlesche]; huⁿ-ga (húⁿga) - ancient one, the one who goes before, leader, peace as symbolized by a little child [Omaha-Fletcher/LaFlesche]; haⁿ-ka (hañ́k͓a) - the name of the gentes on the right side of the Osage tribal circle [JOD-Osage]; hoⁿ-ga (hóⁿga) - the name of the two great tribal divisions of the Osage Tribe, the division representing the earth with its water and dry land. The word signifies sacred or holy, an object that is venerated. It is also the name of a subdivision representing the dry land of the earth. The dark-plummed eagle is spoken of by this term, because of its symbolic use; a child chosen as an emblem of innocence in a peace ceremony is called Hoⁿ-ga. The origin of the word, being obscure, can not be analyzed [FL-Osage]; haⁿ-ka (hą́ka) - sacred, holy, bald eagle, dark-plummed eagle, earth division of the Osage tribe, innocence emblem in peace ceremony, a child [CQ-Osage]

raven, Attacking Raven

► ka-xe wa-kaⁿ-ta (káqe wakañta) - Kwapa masculine name [JOD]

► cf. ka-xe (kkáγe) - raven; wa-koⁿ-da (wákkǫda) - attack plural/animate beings; koⁿ-da (kkǫ́da) - to chase, to attack, to rush upon a foe, to run after

► Dhegiha: wa-ʰkoⁿ-tha (wa-ḳóⁿ-tha) - to pounce upon; to attack with force and quickness; a riot; a raid [FL-Osage]; wa-kaⁿ-ya (wakáⁿya) - rush on them, attack them; rush to rescue somebody [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ʰkoⁿ-tha (ḳóⁿ-tha) - to attack; to charge upon an enemy; to raid; to threaten; a menace [FL-Osage]; kaⁿ-ya (káⁿya) - attack, to rush upon a foe, to run after [Kaw]

raven, Black Raven

► ka-xe sa (kaqĕ́ să) - Kwapa masculine name [JOD]

► cf. ka-xe (kkáγe) - raven; sa (sa) - black

► Dhegiha: ka-xe sa-be (kaxésabe) - Black Crow, name [Omaha]

raven, Flying Raven

► ka-xe ki-aⁿ (káqe kíaⁿ) - Kwapa masculine name [JOD]

► cf. ka-xe (kkáγe) - raven; ki-aⁿ (kią́), ki-oⁿ (kiǫ́) - fly, as birds

► Dhegiha: ka-xe (káxe) - crow [Omaha/Ponca]; ka-xe (ká-xe) - crow [Omaha]; ka-xe (k͓á-xe) - a crow [JOD-Omaha]; ʰka-xe (ḳá-xe) - crow [FL-Osage]; ʰka-xe (ʰkáγe) - crow [CQ-Osage]; ka-ghe (kághe) - crow [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: gi-oⁿ (gióⁿ) - fly, to fly [Omaha/Ponca]; gi-oⁿ (gioⁿ) - fly [Omaha]; gi-aⁿ (gi-áⁿ) - to fly; flying [JOD-Omaha]; gi-oⁿ (gi-óⁿ) - to fly [FL-Osage]; gi-yaⁿ (giyáⁿ) - to fly [Kaw]

raven, Large Raven

► ka-xe taⁿ-ka (káqe tañk͓á) - Kwapa masculine name: Large Raven [JOD]

► cf. ka-xe (kkáγe) - raven; taⁿ-ka (ttą́ka) - big, large

► Dhegiha: ʰka-xe ʰtoⁿ-ga (ḳá-xe ṭoⁿ-ga) - raven, “big crow” [FL-Osage]; ʰka-xe ʰtaⁿ-ka (ʰkáγe ʰtą́ka) - raven [CQ-Osage]

raven, Raven ____

► ka-xe kwa-niⁿ (káqe kwániⁿ) - Kwapa masculine name [JOD]

► cf. ka-xe (kkáγe) - raven

raven, Two Ravens

► ka-xe noⁿ-ba (káqe naⁿp͓á) - Kwapa masculine name: Two Crows [JOD]

► cf. ka-xe (kkáγe) - raven; naⁿ-pa (ną́pa), noⁿ-pa (nǫ́pa), noⁿ-ba (nǫ́ba) - two; niⁿ (nį) - continuative moving

► Dhegiha: ka-xe thaⁿ-ba (k͓á-xe ¢áⁿba) - Two Crows, male name [JOD-Omaha]

raven, Two Ravens in Motion

► ka-xe noⁿ-ba niⁿ (ká-xe nŭⁿ́-p͓a nyiⁿ́), (káqe naⁿp͓á niⁿ) - masculine name of the (Kwapa) ho i-ni-ka-shi-ka (hó iníkkašíka) or Fish gens: Two Ravens in Motion [JOD]

► cf. ka-xe (kkáγe) - raven; naⁿ-pa (ną́pa), noⁿ-pa (nǫ́pa), noⁿ-ba (nǫ́ba) - two; niⁿ (nį) - continuative moving; niⁿ (nį), nyiⁿ (nyį) - be in a location, exist; niⁿ (nį) - the singular/moving/animate

► Dhegiha: ka-xe thaⁿ-ba (k͓á-xe ¢áⁿba) - Two Crows, male name [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: thiⁿ (thiⁿ) - the moving [JOD-Omaha]; thiⁿ (thiⁿ) - a man or animal moving about [FL-Osage]; yi (yi) - continuative, moving/animate [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: thiⁿ (¢iⁿ) - to be [Omaha/Ponca]; niⁿ (nį́), thiⁿ (ðį́) - be a certain way, live as, exist as, be characterized by the immediately preceding word or phrase, which may be a noun phrase [CQ-Osage]; yiⁿ (yiⁿ) - to be, to be so, to be such a one, indicates permanent or long-term condition [Kaw]

raven, Young Raven or Little Crow

► ka-xe zhi-ka (ká-xe jí-k͓a) - masculine name of the Kwapa pe-ʰtaⁿ (ppétʰą) or Crane gens: Young Raven [JOD]

► ka-xe zhi-ka (kaqĕ jik͓a), (káxe jík͓a) - masculine name, Little Crow, younger bro of Mrs. S [JOD]

► cf. ka-xe (kkáγe) - raven; zhi-ka (žíka) - small, little, young

► Dhegiha: ka-xe (káxe) - crow [Omaha/Ponca]; ka-xe (ká-xe) - crow [Omaha]; ka-xe (k͓á-xe) - a crow [JOD-Omaha]; ʰka-xe (ḳá-xe) - crow [FL-Osage]; ʰka-xe (ʰkáγe) - crow [CQ-Osage]; ka-ghe (kághe) - crow [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: zhiⁿ-ga (zhíⁿga) - small, little, child, young, cub [Omaha/Ponca]; zhiⁿ-ga (zhiⁿga) - small, little [Omaha]; zhiⁿ-ga (zhiⁿ-gá) - small, little, young, little children [FL-Osage]; zhiⁿ (žį), zhiⁿ-ka (žįká) - a little, small amount of something, small, little, be little, small, children, little ones, kids [CQ-Osage]; zhiⁿ-ga (zhíⁿga) - be small; small, the young of an animal, a child [Kaw]

ravine, gap in mountains

► ka-x’o-we (kaxʔówe), ka-xo-we (káxowe) - gap in mountains, ravine

► Dhegiha: o-ʰk’o-be (o-ḳ’ó-be), u-ʰk’u-be (u-ḳ’ú-be) - an abyss; a vale; a gulch; a gutter; dale; valley; ravine [FL-Osage]; o-k’o-be o-xlo-xla (ók’obe oxlóxla) - canyon, gorge [Kaw]; o-k’o-be zhiⁿ-ga (ók’obe zhíⁿga) - stream, smaller than a creek, a rill; a gorge [Kaw]

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