English to Quapaw Dictionary

R

rabbit - ravine	raw - recline	recognize - relation	relative - request
reside - rip	ripe - rolling	roof - rum	rumbling - rye

 

recognize, know

► i-ba-haⁿ (íbahą), i-ba-hoⁿ (íbahǫ) - know how, recognize, know ► i-pa-haⁿ (íppahą) - I, i-shpa-haⁿ (íšpahą) - you, i-shpa-haⁿ-we (íšpahąwé) - you’all, i-ba-haⁿ-wi (íbahąwí) - they, oⁿ-noⁿ-ba-haⁿ-we (ǫnǫbahąwe) - we

► ex: i-ba-hoⁿ (íbahǫ) - knew him; recognized him [JOD]

► ex: ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-ti hi-naⁿ, di-xa-zhi wa-da-xo-we i-ba-hoⁿ naⁿ, i-ya (maštį́ke étti hí-ną, dixáži wadáxowé íbahǫ ną́, iyá) - when Rabbit arrived there, Hill that draws things (people) into its mouth knew him, it is said [JOD]

► ex: e-shoⁿ di-xa-zhi wa-da-xo-we niⁿ-kʰe ma-shtiⁿ-ke i-ba-hoⁿ-taⁿ naⁿ, i-ya (ešǫ́ dixáži wadáxowé nįkʰé maštį́ke íbahǫ-tą dáxówaží ną, iyá) - as the Hill that draws things (people) into its mouth knew the Rabbit, he refused to swallow him, it is said [JOD]

► ex: i-za-ni i-shpa-hoⁿ ni-kʰa-she (ízaní íšpahǫ níkʰáše) - you all that understand [AG]

► ex: i-shpa-haⁿ-we (íšpahąwé) - you (plural) know it [JOD]

► ex: i-shpa-haⁿ-we a, e-te-te (íšpahąwé a, étte tte) - do you’all know? I wonder. [JOD]

► ex: i-ba-haⁿ-wi (íbahaⁿwí) - they knew it [JOD]

► ex: tʰi niⁿ i-ba-haⁿ-wi (tʰi nį́ íbahaⁿwí) - they knew he was coming [JOD]

► ex: i-pa-haⁿ-zhi miⁿ-kʰe (íppahąží mįkʰé) - I do not know/I who sit [JOD]

► ex: “ha-ki i-da-we i-pa-haⁿ-zhi miⁿ-kʰe,” i-yi (“hakí idáwe íppahąží mįkʰé,” iyí) - “I don’t know where they have gone,” she said [JOD]

► ex: i-ba-haⁿ kʰi-de (íbahąkʰíde) - inform, cause to know

► ex: i-ba-hoⁿ ki-de (íbahǫ kíde) - teach me (to cause to know) [OM]

► ex: i-ki-ba-haⁿ (íkibaháⁿ) - he knew about himself [JOD]

► ex: ha-t’e naⁿ di-sh’a i-ki-ba-haⁿ (hatʔé ną dišʔá íkibahą́) - he knew he would fail because of his sickness [JOD]

► ex: i-ki-ba-haⁿwi (íkibahąwí) - they knew it for themselves [JOD]

► Dhegiha: i-ba-hoⁿ (íbahoⁿ) - know, to know a person or thing [Omaha/Ponca]; i-pa-hoⁿ (ípahoⁿ) - know how, to know how to do something [Omaha/Ponca]; i-ba-hoⁿ (ibahoⁿ) - know [Omaha]; i-ba-hoⁿ (í-ba-hoⁿ) - to know [FL-Osage]; i-pa-hoⁿ (ípahǫ) - know, understand, know as a person, be acquainted with, recognize, know someone as being a certain way or a certain type of person, guess [CQ-Osage]; i-ba-hoⁿ (íbahoⁿ) - to know, understand [Kaw]

 

► i-ki-de (íkide) - see one’s own, recognize one’s own, find one’s own ► i-da-ki-de (idákide) - I, i-da-ki-de (ídakide) - you, aⁿ-naⁿ-ki-da-we (ąną́kidawe) - we

► cf. i-de (íde) - see, find; i-de-ki-de (ídekkidé) - to cause one’s self to find something

► ex: i-da-ki-de (idákide) - I find him, my own [JOD]

► ex: ho-wa-tʰe-ti t’e-dai tʰe i-te i-da-ki-de te i-ye niⁿ i-ya wa-x’o zhi-ka niⁿ (hówa tʰettí tʔédai tʰe itté idákide tte iyé nį iyá waxʔóžiká nį) - the old woman said, “wherever they may have killed him, I will seek him,” it is said [JOD]

► ex: i-wi-ki-de (íwíkide) - I see you, my own/my relation

► ex: i-wi-ki-de aⁿ-da-kni (íwíkide ą́dakní) - I’m glad to see you [AB, OM]

► ex: wi-ti-mi i-wi-ki-de aⁿ-da-kni (wittími íwíkide ą́dakní) - my aunt, I’m glad to see you [FR]

► Dhegiha: i-gi-the (i-gi-¢ĕ) - to find his own [JOD-Omaha]; i-kʰi-the (í-ki-¢ĕ) - to find accidentally, as an object for which he has been seeking; to find what has not been lost; to invent; to discover, as a new place, by accident [JOD-Omaha]; i-gi-the (í-gi-the) - to see; to discover or find something belonging to one’s self [FL-Osage]; i-ʰki-the (í-ḳi-the) - to find that which is lost; to be awake [FL-Osage]; i-ki-the (íikiðe) -find, discover or disern something; find one’s own relative or possession [CQ-Osage]; i-ʰki-the (iiʰkíðe) - find for oneself, find one’s own; come to one’s senses, come to, regain consciousness; wake up, awaken (lit., ‘see oneself) [CQ-Osage]; i-gi-ye (ígiye) - find or see one’s own, recognize one’s own [Kaw]

 

reconnoitre, scout

► wa-toⁿ-we (watǫ́we) - scout, reconnoitre

► cf. wa (wa) - things, stuff, people, folks, they, them; toⁿ-we (tǫ́we), taⁿ-we (tą́we) - look at something; wa-toⁿ-we de (watǫ́we dé) - go as a scout, reconnoitre; wa-ki-toⁿ-we (wakíttǫwe) - scout for someone; a-taⁿ-we (átąwe), a-taⁿ-we (áttąwe) - look upon; o-toⁿ-we (ótǫwe) - look at plural/animate/object; o-toⁿ-we (otǫ́we) - look at singular/animate/object; ki-toⁿ-we tʰi (kkittǫ́we tʰi) - visit, go/come to see someone; a-ki-toⁿ-we (ákkittǫ́we) - watch out for, beware of, take great care of, refrain from; o-ki-toⁿ-we (ókittǫ́we) - depend on someone

► ex: e-ka-sa-ni-taⁿ wa-toⁿ-we ki naⁿ, i-ya (ékasánittą watǫ́we kí ną, iyá) - on the next morning he (Grizzly bear) returned after scouting for game, it is said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: wa-daⁿ-be (wa-dáⁿ-be) - to see them; scout; as a scout [JOD-Omaha]; wa-doⁿ-be (wa-dóⁿ-be) - the act of seeing, applied to a runner in search of buffalo [FL-Osage]; wa-toⁿ-pe (watǫ́pe) - see or watch people or events, look on at an event, spectators, onlookers, audience, public [CQ-Osage]; wa-doⁿ-be (wadóⁿbe) - watch; to look at them, see them [Kaw]

 

► wa-toⁿ-we de (watǫ́we dé) - go as a scout, reconnoitre ► wa-toⁿ-we bde (watǫ́we bdé) - I, wa-toⁿ-we te (watǫ́we tté) - you, wa-toⁿ-we de (watǫ́we dé) - he/she, wa-toⁿ-we da-we (watǫ́we dáwe) - they, wa-toⁿ-we aⁿ-ka-de (watǫ́we ąkáde) - we, I and one other, wa-toⁿ-we aⁿ-ka-da-we (watǫ́we ąkádawe) - we

► cf. wa-toⁿ-we (watǫ́we) - scout, reconnoiter; de (de) - go; wa-ki-toⁿ-we (wakíttǫwe) - scout for someone; toⁿ-we (tǫ́we), taⁿ-we (tą́we) - look at something; a-taⁿ-we (átąwe), a-taⁿ-we (áttąwe) - look upon; o-toⁿ-we (ótǫwe) - look at pl/an/ob; o-toⁿ-we (otǫ́we) - look at sg/an/ob; ki-toⁿ-we tʰi (kkittǫ́we tʰi) - visit, go/come to see someone; a-ki-toⁿ-we (ákkittǫ́we) - watch out for, beware of, take great care of, refrain from; o-ki-toⁿ-we (ókittǫ́we) - depend on someone

► Dhegiha: wa-daⁿ-be the (wadáⁿbe ¢é) - to go to see, to go out as a scout to find the range of a buffalo herd [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: wa-daⁿ-be (wa-dáⁿ-be) - to see them; scout; as a scout [JOD-Omaha]; wa-doⁿ-be (wa-dóⁿ-be) - the act of seeing, applied to a runner in search of buffalo [FL-Osage]; wa-toⁿ-pe (watǫ́pe) - see or watch people or events, look on at an event, spectators, onlookers, audience, public [CQ-Osage]; wa-doⁿ-be (wadóⁿbe) - watch; to look at them, see them [Kaw]

 

► wa-ki-toⁿ-we (wakíttǫwe) - scout for someone

► cf. wa-toⁿ-we (watǫ́we) - scout, reconnoitre; toⁿ-we (tǫ́we), taⁿ-we (tą́we) - look at something

► ex: maⁿ-tʰo niⁿ ma-shtiⁿ-ke niⁿ-kʰe wa-ki-toⁿ-we kʰi naⁿ, i-ya (mątʰó nį maštį́ke nįkʰé wakíttǫwe kʰi ną, iyá) - the Grizzly bear arrived home after scouting game for the Rabbit, it is said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: wa-gi-daⁿ-be (wa-gí-daⁿ-be) - to go as a scout for his own [JOD-Omaha]

 

recover, get well

► ki-ko-ke (kikkókke) - recover, get well ► aⁿ-ki-ko-ke (ąkíkkokke) - I’m, di-ki-ko-ke (dikíkkokke) - you’re

► cf. ko-ke (kkókke) - health, strength; ko-ke (kkokké) - be physically healthy; ko-ka-zhi (kkokkáži) - weak, feeble

 

red

► zhi-te (žítte, žitté) - red

► zhi-te (žítte, žitté) - red [MS, AB, FR, AG, OM]

► ex: zho zhi-te (žožítte) - Indian

► ex: zhi-te saⁿ-haⁿ (žítte sąhą́) - scarlet, pink

► ex: de-xe zhi-te (deγé žítte) - copper

► ex: de-ha zhi-te (déha žítte) - penny, one cent

► ex: hiⁿ zhi-te (hį žítte) - sorrel

► ex: ma-kaⁿ zhi-te (makką́ žítte) - tomato [MS, OM]

► ex: ma-sa zhi-te (mása žítte) - dogwood, bark used for kinnikinnick

► Dhegiha: zhi-de (zhíde) - red [Omaha/Ponca]; zhi-de (zhíde) - red [Omaha]; zhi-de (jí-de) - red [JOD-Omaha]; zhiu-dse (zhiu-dse), zhu-dse (zhú-dse), zhu-e (zhu-e), zhi-e (zhi-e) - red; scarlet; vermillion [FL-Osage]; zhu-tse (žúuce), zhu-e (žúe), zhu (žúu) - red [CQ-Osage]; zhu-je (zhúje) - red [Kaw]

 

red broadcloth

► wa-hiⁿ zhi-te (wahį́ žítte) - broadcloth, “red cloth” [JOD]

► cf. wa-hiⁿ (wahį́) - cloth; zhi-te (žítte) - red; wa-hiⁿ-ska (wahį́ska) - calico

► ex: wa-x’o zhi-ka ke wa-hiⁿ zhi-te i-niⁿ aⁿ-taⁿ o-zha pa naⁿ (waxʔó žiká ke wahį́ žítte ínį ą́ttą óža ppá ną) - the old women wore red broadcloth when they danced [JOD]

► Dhegiha: wa-iⁿ zhi-de (waíⁿ zhíde) - red blanket [Omaha/Ponca]; ha-xiⁿ zhu-dse (ha-xíⁿ zhu-dse) - a scarlet blanket [FL-Osage]; ha zhu-je (há zhuje) - red broadcloth [Kaw]

 

red chicken, hen

► si-ka zhi-te (sikkah-jitteh) - hen, “red chicken” (poule) [GI]

► cf. si-ka (síkka) - chicken; zhi-te (žítte) - red

► Dhegiha: si-ka zhu-je (síka zhúje) - turkey, chicken, domestic [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: zi-zi-kʰa (zizíkʰa) - turkey, wild turkey or domestic turkey [Omaha/Ponca]; siu-ka (çiú-ka) - chicken [FL-Osage]; su-ʰka (súʰka) - chicken [CQ-Osage]; si-ka (síka) - chicken [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: zhi-de (zhíde) - red [Omaha/Ponca]; zhi-de (zhíde) - red [Omaha]; zhi-de (jí-de) - red [JOD-Omaha]; zhiu-dse (zhiu-dse), zhu-dse (zhú-dse), zhu-e (zhu-e), zhi-e (zhi-e) - red; scarlet; vermillion [FL-Osage]; zhu-tse (žúuce), zhu-e (žúe), zhu (žúu) - red [CQ-Osage]; zhu-je (zhúje) - red [Kaw]

 

red eyed grizzly bear

► maⁿ-tʰo i-shta zhi-te (mątʰó ištá žitté)

► cf. maⁿ-tʰo (mątʰó), moⁿ-chʰo (mǫčʰó) - grizzly bear; i-shta (ištá) - eye; zhi-te (žítte) - red

► ex: maⁿ-tʰo i-shta zhi-te (mątʰó ištá žitté) - grizzly bear/eye/red [JOD]

► ex: “maⁿ-tʰo i-shta zhi-te e-ti da-we! te da-k’iⁿ da-kdi ta-i!” i-we-ke i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“mątʰó ištá žitté étti dawé! tté dakʔį dakdí ttai!” iwéke iyá maštį́ke) - “you’all go there, to the red-eyed Grizzly bear! you’all will pack the buffalo back here!” rabbit said to them, it is said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: moⁿ-chʰu (moⁿchʰú) - grizzly bear [Omaha/Ponca]; maⁿ-tshu (maⁿ-tcú) - a grizzly bear [JOD-Omaha]; moⁿ-chu (moⁿchu) - grizzly bear [Omaha]; miⁿ-ʰtsu (miⁿ-ṭsú) - grizzly bear [FL-Osage]; miⁿ-cho (miⁿchó) - grizzly bear [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: i-shta (ishtá) - eye [Omaha/Ponca]; i-shta (i-ctá) - an eye [JOD-Omaha]; iⁿ-shta (iⁿshta) - eyes [Omaha]; iⁿ-shta (iⁿ-shtá) - eye, eyes [FL-Osage]; iⁿ-shta (įįštá), i-shta (iištá) - eye [CQ-Osage]; i-shta (ishtá) - the eye, pair of eyes [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: zhi-de (zhíde) - red [Omaha/Ponca]; zhi-de (zhíde) - red [Omaha]; zhi-de (jí-de) - red [JOD-Omaha]; zhiu-dse (zhiu-dse), zhu-dse (zhú-dse), zhu-e (zhu-e), zhi-e (zhi-e) - red; scarlet; vermillion [FL-Osage]; zhu-tse (žúuce), zhu-e (žúe), zhu (žúu) - red [CQ-Osage]; zhu-je (zhúje) - red [Kaw]

 

red haw

► ti-o-spaⁿ (ttióspą) - red haw

► cf. ti-o-spaⁿ-hi (ttióspąhi) - red hawthorn bush or tree

► Dhegiha: ta-spoⁿ (taspóⁿ) - red haw, thorn apple [Omaha/Ponca]; ʰta-spoⁿ (ṭa-çpóⁿ) - the red haw, thorn apple [FL-Osage]; ta-spaⁿ (taspáⁿ) - haws, red hawthorn [Kaw]

 

Red Hawk

► kde-taⁿ zhi-te (ktthe-tań zhi-tĕ) - George Redeagle was a fullblood Quapaw of the Black Bear gens. His present name is xi-da wa-kaⁿ-ta (xidá wakką́tta), Eagle Thunder-being, a name given to him by the Eagle gens. He is the son of kde-ta zhi-te (kdetą́ žítte), Red Hawk mistranslated into Red Eagle [JOD]

► kde-taⁿ zhi-te (kt^çe-t͓aⁿ́ jí-t͓ĕ) - masculine name of the Kwapa wa-zhiⁿ-ka (wajiñk͓a) or Bird gens; Red Hawk. Brother of Alphonsus Valliere, who died when a boy; Red Hawk, of wesaⁿ [JOD]

► cf. kde-taⁿ (kdetą́) - hawk; zhi-te (žítte) - red

► Dhegiha: gthe-doⁿ (gthedóⁿ) - Pigeon hawk [Omaha/Ponca]; gthe-doⁿ (gthedoⁿ) - American Sparrow Hawk [Omaha]; gthe-daⁿ (g¢edaⁿ́) - hawk [JOD-Omaha]; gthe-doⁿ (gthe-dóⁿ) - hawk, falcon, used also as a personal name in the Osage Tribe [FL-Osage]; le-toⁿ (letǫ́), le-taⁿ (letą́) - hawk [CQ-Osage]; le-daⁿ (ledáⁿ), le-taⁿ (létaⁿ), lye-daⁿ (lyédaⁿ), kle-taⁿ (klétaⁿ), gle-daⁿ (gledáⁿ) - hawk, chicken hawk [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: zhi-de (zhíde) - red [Omaha/Ponca]; zhi-de (zhíde) - red [Omaha]; zhi-de (jí-de) - red [JOD-Omaha]; zhiu-dse (zhiu-dse), zhu-dse (zhú-dse), zhu-e (zhu-e), zhi-e (zhi-e) - red; scarlet; vermillion [FL-Osage]; zhu-tse (žúuce), zhu-e (žúe), zhu (žúu) - red [CQ-Osage]; zhu-je (zhúje) - red [Kaw]

 

red hawthorn bush or tree

► ti-o-spaⁿ-hi (ttióspąhi) - red hawthorn bush or tree

► cf. ti-o-spaⁿ (ttióspą) - red haw; hi (hi) - tree, bush, vine, stalk, leg

► Dhegiha: ta-spoⁿ-hi (taspóⁿhi) - red hawthorn, thorn-apple tree [Omaha/Ponca]; ta-spoⁿ hi (taçpoⁿ hi) - red haw tree, torn apple tree [Omaha]; ta-spaⁿ hu (taspáⁿ hu) - the red hawthorn tree [Kaw]

 

red in spots or places

► zhi-zhi-te (žižítte) - red in spots or places

► cf. zhi-te (žítte) - red

► Dhegiha: ji-ji-de (jí-ji-de) - red in spots [JOD-Omaha]; zhu-zhu-dse (zhu-zhu-dse) - spotted red [FL-Osage]; zhu-zhu-je (zhúzhuje) - red here and there, in spots [Kaw]

 

red oak

► pi-de kde-ze hi (ppíde kdéze hi) - red oak, lit. “striped tree”

► cf. pi-de (ppíde) - acorn, acorns; kde-ze (kdezé) - striped; hi (hi) - tree, bush, vine, stalk, leg

► Dhegiha: bu-de hi (búde hi) - red oak [Omaha]; ʰpi-si hi (p̣i-çí hi) - red oak tree (Quercus rubra) [FL-Osage]; ʰpi-su hu (ʰpisúhu) - oak, lit., “acorn tree” [CQ-Osage]; pu-su hu (pusúhu) - jack oak, a species that bears smallest acorns [Kaw]

 

red paint

► wa-se (wasé) - red paint [JOD]

► Dhegiha: wa-se zhi-de ni-ka (waséjíde níka) - Indian red paint [JOD-Omaha]; wa-se zhi-de (waséjide) - red paint; red clay [JOD-Omaha]; wa-se zhu-dse (wa-çé-zhu-dse) - red clay, red paint, rouge [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: wa-se tu (waçe tu) - blue paint [Omaha]; wa-se tu (wa-sé t͓u) - green clay or green paint, verdigris [JOD-Omaha]; wa-se to (waséto) - verdigris, patina [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: wa-se tu xu-de (wa-sé-t͓u-qú-de) - verdigris, gray green clay or light blue clay [JOD-Omaha]; wa-se ʰtoⁿ xo-dse ga-xa (wa-çé ṭoⁿ xo-dse ga-xa) - green clay creek, branch of the Verdigris River, Okla [FL-Osage]; wa-se ʰtoⁿ xo-e (wa-çé ṭoⁿ-xo-e) - the Verdigris River, green paint was secured here, this was the second camp of the second buffalo trail [FL-Osage]; wa-se-ʰtaⁿ xo-e (waséʰtą xóe) - Verdigris River, lit., “gray sycamore” [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: wa-se saⁿ (wasésaⁿ) - white clay; made of white clay; earthenware; plaster; lime [JOD-Omaha]; wa-se zi (wasé zi) - yellow clay [JOD-Omaha]

 

Red River of Louisiana

► ni zhi-te bda-da (nížítte bdáda) - Red River of Louisiana

► ni zhi-te bda-da (nízhite pdáta) - Red River of La., “red-broad” [ASG]

► cf. ni (ni) - water, liquid, stream, lake; zhi-te (žítte) - red; bda-da (bdáda) - flat, level

► Dhegiha: ni zhu-dse btha-tha (ní zhu-dse btha-tha) - Canadian River, Oklahoma, “Wide River” [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: ni u-btha-tha (ní-u-b¢á-¢a) - “water spread out on a level”: the Niobrara River [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: btha-tha (bthátha) - level [Omaha/Ponca]; btha-tha (bthá-tha) - broad, wide [FL-Osage]; bra-tha (bráaða) - broad, wide and smooth, as a prairie, smoothed out [CQ-Osage]; bla-ya (bláya) - level, without cuts or hills [Kaw]

 

red shafted flicker

► zaⁿ-zi-ka (zą́zikka) - red shafted flicker; yellow winged woodpecker

► Dhegiha: zoⁿ-zi-ga (zóⁿziga) - red-shafted flicker, woodpecker [Omaha/Ponca]; zoⁿ-zi-ga (çóⁿ-çi-ga) - the flicker, yellow hammer, belongs to the woodpecker family [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: thoⁿ-zi-ga (thoⁿ’çiga) - flicker bird [Omaha]; zi-zi-ga taⁿ-ga (zíziga tàⁿga) - the flicker [Kaw]

 

Red Sun

► mi zhi-te (mi žítte) - Red Sun, female name [MS]

► mi zhi-te (mijítĕ) - Jno Quapaw’s wife, her husband is si-kde wa-kaⁿ-ta (sikdé wakką́tta); Red Sun, dau of ka-xe zhi-ka (kkáγe žíka) [JOD]

► cf. mi (mi) - sun; zhi-te (žítte) - red

► Dhegiha: miⁿ (miⁿ) - the sun [Omaha/Ponca]; mi (mi) - sun [Omaha]; miⁿ (miⁿ) - the sun [JOD-Omaha]; mi (mi) - sun [FL-Osage]; mi (míi), miⁿ (mį́į) - sun [CQ-Osage]; miⁿ (miⁿ) - sun [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: zhi-de (zhíde) - red [Omaha/Ponca]; zhi-de (zhíde) - red [Omaha]; zhi-de (jí-de) - red [JOD-Omaha]; zhiu-dse (zhiu-dse), zhu-dse (zhú-dse), zhu-e (zhu-e), zhi-e (zhi-e) - red; scarlet; vermillion [FL-Osage]; zhu-tse (žúuce), zhu-e (žúe), zhu (žúu) - red [CQ-Osage]; zhu-je (zhúje) - red [Kaw]

 

red tailed or sparrow hawk

► i-be zi-ka (íbe zíkka) - hawk, red tailed or sparrow

► cf. i-be (íbe) - tail of bird; i-be hiⁿ (íbehį) - tail feathers; ho i-be (ho íbe) - fish tail or tail fin; zi (zi) - yellow; zhaⁿ zi-ka (zą́zikka) - flicker, red shafted; yellow ringed woodpecker; he zi-ka (hézikka) - bee; o-zi-ka (ozíkka) - wider at one end than other

► Dhegiha: iⁿ-be zi-ga (iⁿbe çiga) - red tail hawk [Omaha]; iⁿ-be zi-ga (iⁿ́bezíga) - yellow tailed hawk [JOD-Omaha]; iⁿ-be zi-ga (į́-be-çi-ga), oⁿ-be zi-ga (óⁿ-be çi-ga) - the red tailed hawk [FL-Osage]; le-taⁿ oⁿ-pe zhu-tse (letą́ ǫ́pe žúuce) - redtailed hawk [CQ-Osage]; u-be zi-hi (úbe zìhi) - the red tailed hawk [Kaw]; u-be zi zhiⁿ-ga (úbe zi zhíⁿga) - the red tailed hawk, lit. “tail feathers are a little yellow”; one of the largest hawks [Kaw]

 

red-headed woodpecker

► po-xpa (póxpa) - red-headed woodpecker, Melanerpes erythrocephalus

► po-xpa (póxpa) - woodpecker [MS]

► Dhegiha: mu-xpe (múqpe) - red-headed woodpecker [Omaha/Ponca]; mu-xpa (múxpa) - red headed woodpecker [Omaha]; bu-xpa (bú-xpa) - a woodpecker [FL-Osage]; bo-xpa (bóxpa) - flicker, woodpecker (long) bill like a snipe [Kaw]

 

red, dark red

► sha-we zhi-te (šáwe žítte) - dark red

► cf. sha-pe (šápe), sha-we (šawe) - black, distant or indistinct; sha (ša) - dark, indistinct black; zhi-te (žítte) - red

► Dhegiha: zhi-de sha-be e-goⁿ (zhíde shábe égoⁿ) - dark red [Omaha/Ponca]; zhu-dse sha-be (zhú-dse sha-be) - dark red, crimson [FL-Osage]; zhu-je sha-be (zhúje shábe) - purple, lit. “dark red” [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: sha-be (shábe) - dark [Omaha/Ponca]; sha-be (cá-be) - dark [JOD-Omaha]; sha-be (shá-be) - dark in color [FL-Osage]; sha-pe (šápe) - dark in color, shaded, darkened [CQ-Osage]; sha-be (shábe) - dark, a distant black, brown [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: zhi-de (zhíde) - red [Omaha/Ponca]; zhi-de (zhíde) - red [Omaha]; zhi-de (jí-de) - red [JOD-Omaha]; zhiu-dse (zhiu-dse), zhu-dse (zhú-dse), zhu-e (zhu-e), zhi-e (zhi-e) - red; scarlet; vermillion [FL-Osage]; zhu-tse (žúuce), zhu-e (žúe), zhu (žúu) - red [CQ-Osage]; zhu-je (zhúje) - red [Kaw]

 

red, light red color

► ma-hiⁿ-xta zhi-te (mahį́xta žítte) - light red color

► cf. ma-hiⁿ-xta (mahį́xta) - flower; ma-hiⁿ (mahį́) - grass; xta (xta), xda (xdá) - blossom, bud; zhi-te (žítte) - red

► Dhegiha: ma-hiⁿ (ma-híⁿ) - brush or weeds [JOD-Omaha]; moⁿ-hiⁿ tu (moⁿ-híⁿ tu) - grass [Omaha]; moⁿ-hiⁿ (moⁿ-híⁿ) - grass [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-hiⁿ (mąąhį́) - grass, hay [CQ-Osage]; maⁿ-hiⁿ (maⁿhíⁿ) - grass, weeds [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: xtha zhu-dse (xtha zhu-dse) - red flower [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: xtha (xtha) - blossom [Omaha]; xtha (xtha) - blossoms of any kind [FL-Osage]; xla (xla) - flower, bud on a tree [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: zhi-de (zhíde) - red [Omaha/Ponca]; zhi-de (zhíde) - red [Omaha]; zhi-de (jí-de) - red [JOD-Omaha]; zhiu-dse (zhiu-dse), zhu-dse (zhú-dse), zhu-e (zhu-e), zhi-e (zhi-e) - red; scarlet; vermillion [FL-Osage]; zhu-tse (žúuce), zhu-e (žúe), zhu (žúu) - red [CQ-Osage]; zhu-je (zhúje) - red [Kaw]

 

red, Tail Shows Red now and then in the Distance

► siⁿ-te xaⁿ-xaⁿ (siń-t͓e xaⁿ́-xaⁿ) - masculine name, (Deer’s) Tail Shows red now and then in the distance (as the deer runs); (Deer’s) tail shows red at intervals in the distance (Jas. Thompson) [JOD]

► cf. siⁿ-te (sį́tte) - tail; xaⁿ-xaⁿ (xą́xą) - glittering, shiny, shines

► Dhegiha: siⁿ-de xoⁿxoⁿ (síⁿdexoⁿxoⁿ) - Glittering Tail, personal name [Omaha]

► Dhegiha: siⁿ-de (síⁿde) - tail [Omaha/Ponca]; siⁿ-de (sǐń-de) - the tail of an animal [JOD-Omaha]; siⁿ-dse (çíⁿ-dse) - tail [FL-Osage]; siⁿ-tse (sį́įce) - tail, animal’s tail, part of Osage dance costume; tail dancer at Osage War Dances; last part of a dance sone [CQ-Osage]; siⁿ-je (síⁿje) - tail [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: xoⁿ-xoⁿ (xoⁿxoⁿ) - glittering [JOD-Omaha]; xoⁿ-xoⁿ (xoⁿ-xóⁿ) - shines [FL-Osage]; xaⁿ-xaⁿ (xą́xą) - shiny [CQ-Osage]; xaⁿ-xaⁿ (xáⁿxaⁿ) - shine [Kaw]

 

redbird

► wa-zhiⁿ-ka zhi-te (wažį́ka žítte) - redbird [MS]

► wa-zhiⁿ zhi-te (wažį́ žítte) - redbird [MS]

► wa-zhiⁿ zhi-te (wažį́ žítte) - cardinal, also tanager

► cf. wa-zhiⁿ-ka (wažį́ka), wa-zhiⁿ (wažį́) - bird; zhi-te (žítte) - red

► Dhegiha: wa-zhiⁿ-ga zhi-de (wa-jiñ́-ga jí-de) - a red bird; the domestic fowl; chickens [JOD-Omaha]; wa-zhiⁿ-ga zhu-dse (wa-zhíⁿ-ga zhu-dse) - a red bird [FL-Osage]; wa-zhiⁿ zhi-e (wa-zhíⁿ-zhi-e) - red-(bird)-eagle, personal name [FL-Osage]; wa-zhiⁿ zhu-e (wa-zhíⁿ-zhu-e) - the scarlet tanager [FL-Osage]; wa-zhiⁿ zhu-e (wažį́žue) - cardinal, lit., ‘red bird’ [CQ-Osage]; wa-zhiⁿ zhu-je (wazhíⁿzhuje) - cardinal [Kaw]; wa-zhu zhu-je (wazhúzhuje) - redbird, cardinal [Kaw]

 

redbud tree

► zhoⁿ-xda zhi-te hi (žǫ́xda žítte hi) - redbud tree, Cercis canadensis

► cf. zhaⁿ-xda zhi-te (žąxda žítte) - red buds [JOD]; zhaⁿ (žą), zhoⁿ (žǫ) - wood, tree; xta (xta), xda (xdá) - blossom, bud; zhi-te (žítte) - red; zhi-te (žítte) - red; hi (hi) - tree, bush, vine, stalk, leg

► Dhegiha: zhoⁿ-xtha (zhóⁿ-xtha) - tree buds or blossoms [FL-Osage]; zhaⁿ-la (žą́ąʰlaa) - blossom or flower on a tree [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: zhoⁿ (zhoⁿ) - wood, tree [Omaha/Ponca]; zhoⁿ (zhoⁿ) - wood, tree [Omaha]; zhoⁿ (zhoⁿ) - a tree, wood, fuel [FL-Osage]; zhaⁿ (žą́ą) - tree, log, wood, lumber, stick, pole, woods, forest [CQ-Osage]; zhaⁿ (zhaⁿ) - wood, a tree or log [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: xtha (xtha) - blossom [Omaha]; xtha (xtha) - blossoms of any kind [FL-Osage]; xla (xla) - flower, bud on a tree [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: zhi-de (zhíde) - red [Omaha/Ponca]; zhi-de (zhíde) - red [Omaha]; zhi-de (jí-de) - red [JOD-Omaha]; zhiu-dse (zhiu-dse), zhu-dse (zhú-dse), zhu-e (zhu-e), zhi-e (zhi-e) - red; scarlet; vermillion [FL-Osage]; zhu-tse (žúuce), zhu-e (žúe), zhu (žúu) - red [CQ-Osage]; zhu-je (zhúje) - red [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: hi (hi) - stalk, stem, trunk, leg, tooth [Omaha/Ponca]; hi (hi) - tree trunk, plant stalk, plant vine, tooth, leg [Omaha]; hi (hi), hiu (hiu) - trunk of a tree, vines, stalks of plants, a leg [FL-Osage]; hu (hú), hiu (hiú), hi (hi) - trunk, stalk, leg [CQ-Osage]; hu (hu) - trunk of a tree, vine, limb, leg [Kaw]

 

redbuds

► zhaⁿ-xda zhi-te (žąxda žítte) - red buds [JOD]

► zhoⁿ-xda zhi-te (žǫ́xda žítte) - month in the Quapaw lunar calendar, when the buds are red (in Spring?)

► cf. zhoⁿ-xda zhi-te hi (žǫ́xda žítte hi) - redbud tree, Cercis canadensis; zhaⁿ (žą), zhoⁿ (žǫ) - wood, tree; xta (xta), xda (xdá) - blossom, bud; zhi-te (žítte) - red; zhi-te (žítte) - red

► Dhegiha: zhoⁿ-xtha (zhóⁿ-xtha) - tree buds or blossoms [FL-Osage]; zhaⁿ-la (žą́ąʰlaa) - blossom or flower on a tree [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: zhoⁿ (zhoⁿ) - wood, tree [Omaha/Ponca]; zhoⁿ (zhoⁿ) - wood, tree [Omaha]; zhoⁿ (zhoⁿ) - a tree, wood, fuel [FL-Osage]; zhaⁿ (žą́ą) - tree, log, wood, lumber, stick, pole, woods, forest [CQ-Osage]; zhaⁿ (zhaⁿ) - wood, a tree or log [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: xtha (xtha) - blossom [Omaha]; xtha (xtha) - blossoms of any kind [FL-Osage]; xla (xla) - flower, bud on a tree [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: zhi-de (zhíde) - red [Omaha/Ponca]; zhi-de (zhíde) - red [Omaha]; zhi-de (jí-de) - red [JOD-Omaha]; zhiu-dse (zhiu-dse), zhu-dse (zhú-dse), zhu-e (zhu-e), zhi-e (zhi-e) - red; scarlet; vermillion [FL-Osage]; zhu-tse (žúuce), zhu-e (žúe), zhu (žúu) - red [CQ-Osage]; zhu-je (zhúje) - red [Kaw]

 

redden

► di-zhi-te (dižítte) - redden ► bdi-zhi-te (bdížitte) - I, ti-zhi-te (ttížitte) - you

► cf. di (di) - by hand, pulling; zhi-te (žítte) - red

► Dhegiha: thi (thi) - by hand, pulling [JOD-Omaha/Ponca]; thi (thi) - action with the hand, action by pulling [FL-Osage]; thu (ðu), thi (ði) - action by hand; cause, make (not necessarily by hand) [CQ-Osage]; yu (yu), yiu (yü) - instrumental prefix: by hand, cause by using the hands; also, a general causative, by unspecified cause [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: zhi-de (zhíde) - red [Omaha/Ponca]; zhi-de (zhíde) - red [Omaha]; zhi-de (jí-de) - red [JOD-Omaha]; zhiu-dse (zhiu-dse), zhu-dse (zhú-dse), zhu-e (zhu-e), zhi-e (zhi-e) - red; scarlet; vermillion [FL-Osage]; zhu-tse (žúuce), zhu-e (žúe), zhu (žúu) - red [CQ-Osage]; zhu-je (zhúje) - red [Kaw]

 

reddish yellow

► zhi-hi (žihí) - reddish yellow

► ex: shoⁿ-ke a-kniⁿ wa-x’o xo-te zhi-hi (šǫ́keáknį waxʔó xotté žihí) - roan mare

► Dhegiha: zhi-hi (zhí-hi) - reddish; pink [FL-Osage]; zhi-hi (žíhi) - brown [CQ-Osage]; zhi-hi (zhíhi) - brown; orange [Kaw]

 

reddish yellow buffalo

► to-xe (toxe) - reddish yellow buffalo

► cf. to-xe ni-ka-shi-ka (tuqé nikacík͓a) - the Reddish Yellow Buffalo gens (clan), obtained from Alphonsus Valliere [JOD]; to-xe ni-ka-shi-ka (tuqé nikacíka) - Reddish Yellow Buffalo people, obtained from Mrs. Stafford (Hañka gentes, Hañka side) [JOD]

► Dhegiha: nu-xe (núqe) - red buffalo, yellow buffalo; type of buffalo with reddish-yellow hair and long legs [Omaha/Ponca]; nu-xe (núqe) - a kind of bison or buffalo with reddish-yellow hair and long legs, the others have dark hair; the name of a Ponka gens (clan), one of these regulating the buffalo hunt [JOD-Omaha]; tho-xe (thó-xe) - archaic name for buffalo bull, this is the animal that gave the people the corn and the squash, it is the name of the Buffalo Bull gens [FL-Osage]; tho-xe (ðóxe) - buffalo, Buffalo clan [CQ-Osage]; yo-xe (yóxe) - Reddish Yellow Buffalo subgens (clan) [Kaw]

 

Reddish Yellow Buffalo Clan

► to-xe ni-ka-shi-ka (tuqé nikacík͓a) - the Reddish Yellow Buffalo gens (clan), obtained from Alphonsus Valliere [JOD]

► to-xe ni-ka-shi-ka (tuqé nikacíka) - Reddish Yellow Buffalo people, obtained from Mrs. Stafford (Hañka gentes, Hañka side) [JOD]

► cf. to-xe (toxe) - reddish yellow buffalo; ni-ka-shi-ka (níkkašíka) - people

► Dhegiha: nu-xe (núqe) - red buffalo, yellow buffalo; type of buffalo with reddish-yellow hair and long legs [Omaha/Ponca]; nu-xe (núqe) - a kind of bison or buffalo with reddish-yellow hair and long legs, the others have dark hair; the name of a Ponka gens (clan), one of these regulating the buffalo hunt [JOD-Omaha]; tho-xe (thó-xe) - archaic name for buffalo bull, this is the animal that gave the people the corn and the squash, it is the name of the Buffalo Bull gens [FL-Osage]; tho-xe (ðóxe) - buffalo, Buffalo clan [CQ-Osage]; yo-xe (yóxe) - Reddish Yellow Buffalo subgens (clan) [Kaw]

 

redwinged blackbird

► maⁿ-kdi-xtaⁿ a-hi zhi-te (mąkdíxtą áhi žítte) - redwinged blackbird

► cf. a-hi (áhi) - wing; zhi-te (žítte) - red; ma (ma), maⁿ (mą) - crow; maⁿ kdi-xtaⁿ taⁿ-ka (mąkdíxtą ttą́ka) - crow blackbird; maⁿ-kdi-xtaⁿ xo-te (mąkdíxtą xótte) - starling

► Dhegiha: maⁿ-li-xta a-hu zhu-je (maⁿlíxta áhu zhúje) - the red winged blackbird [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: moⁿ-gthi-xta (moⁿgthixta) - blackbird; grackle bird; starling bird [Omaha]; maⁿ-li-xta (maⁿlíxta) - blackbird [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: a-hiⁿ (áhiⁿ) - wing [Omaha/Ponca]; a-hiⁿ (ahiⁿ) - wing [Omaha]; a-hiⁿ (á-hiⁿ) - “arm feathers,” feathers on the wings [JOD-Omaha]; a-hiⁿ (á-hiⁿ) - wing [FL-Osage]; a-hu (áahu) - wing [CQ-Osage]; a-hu (áhu) - wing or wings of a bird [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: zhi-de (zhíde) - red [Omaha/Ponca]; zhi-de (zhíde) - red [Omaha]; zhi-de (jí-de) - red [JOD-Omaha]; zhiu-dse (zhiu-dse), zhu-dse (zhú-dse), zhu-e (zhu-e), zhi-e (zhi-e) - red; scarlet; vermillion [FL-Osage]; zhu-tse (žúuce), zhu-e (žúe), zhu (žúu) - red [CQ-Osage]; zhu-je (zhúje) - red [Kaw]

 

refer to oneself

► wa-ki-kʰe (wakkíkʰe) - refer to oneself ► a-wa-ki-kʰe (awákkikʰe) - I, wa-da-ki-kʰe (wadákkikʰe) - you

► cf. wa-kʰe (wakʰé) - mean something, refer to something

► Dhegiha: wa-ke (wa-ké) - to mean, to intend, to refer to [JOD-Omaha]; wa-kshe (wa-kshé) - to mean anything [FL-Osage]; wa-kshe (wakšé) - mean, intend, have in mind [CQ-Osage]; wa-khe (wakhé) - mean something, refer to, intend [Kaw]

 

refer to something, mean something

► wa-kʰe (wakʰé) - mean something, refer to something ► a-wa-kʰe (áwakʰe) - I, da-wa-kʰe (dáwakʰe) - you, oⁿ-wa-ka-we (ǫ́wakawé) - we

► cf. wa-ki-kʰe (wakkíkʰe) - refer to oneself

► ex: maⁿ-tʰo e wa-kʰe ti (mątʰó é wakʰé tti) - grizzly bear/him/when he meant him [JOD]

► ex: “hoⁿ-zhi, di-e k’iⁿ e-ka!” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-zhiⁿ-ke tʰaⁿ, maⁿ-tʰo e wa-kʰe ti (“hǫ́ži, díe kʔį́ eká!” iyí iyá maštį́ke ežį́ke tʰą, mątʰó é wakʰé tti) - “no, carry it yourself!” it is said the rabbit’s son said, referring to him, the Grizzly bear [JOD]

► Dhegiha: wa-ke (wa-ké) - to mean, to intend, to refer to [JOD-Omaha]; wa-kshe (wa-kshé) - to mean anything [FL-Osage]; wa-kshe (wakšé) - mean, intend, have in mind [CQ-Osage]; wa-khe (wakhé) - mean something, refer to, intend [Kaw]

 

reference to another

► ki-kniⁿ (kíknį) - sit with reference to another ► a-ki-kniⁿ (akíknį) - I, da-ki-kniⁿ (dakíknį) - you

► cf. kniⁿ (knį), kdiⁿ (kdį) - sit, be sitting, be in a place, camp

► Dhegiha: gthiⁿ (g¢íⁿ) - to sit [JOD-Omaha]; gthiⁿ (gthiⁿ) - to sit [FL-Osage]; liⁿ (lį́į) - sit [CQ-Osage]; liⁿ (liⁿ) -dwell, live, reside [Kaw]

 

► ki-maⁿ-niⁿ (kímąnį) - walk with reference to another, behind, etc.

► cf. maⁿ-niⁿ (mąnį́) - walk

► ex: a-shi-ta ki-maⁿ-niⁿ (ašitta kímąnį) - to walk behind him/it

► Dhegiha: moⁿ-thiⁿ (moⁿthíⁿ) - to walk [Omaha/Ponca]; maⁿ-thiⁿ (maⁿ-¢íⁿ) - to walk; used to express continued action; to go [JOD-Omaha]; moⁿ-thiⁿ (moⁿ-thiⁿ), moⁿ-iⁿ (moⁿ-íⁿ) - to walk, exist [FL-Osage]; maⁿthiⁿ (mąðį́), maⁿ-iⁿ (mą́į) - walk, go by walking, go by foot, go away, go, go on, get moving, go ahead, approach, move in closer, stay, act or live a certain way, go around a certain way [CQ-Osage]; maⁿ-yiⁿ (maⁿyíⁿ) - walk, move [Kaw]

 

► ki-na-zhiⁿ (kínažį) - stand with reference to another ► a-ki-na-zhiⁿ (akínažį) - I, da-ki-na-zhiⁿ (dakínažį) - you

► cf. na-zhiⁿ (nažį́) - stand

► Dhegiha: gi-na-zhiⁿ (gí-na-jiⁿ) - to stand for another, as a kinsman [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: na-zhiⁿ (nazhíⁿ) - stand, continue [Omaha/Ponca]; na-zhiⁿ (na-jíⁿ) - to stand; to continue doing any thing [JOD-Omaha]; noⁿ-zhiⁿ (noⁿzhiⁿ) - get up, arise, standing, tise up [Omaha]; noⁿ-zhiⁿ (noⁿ-zhiⁿ) - to rise or stand; stood [FL-Osage]; naⁿ-zhiⁿ (nąąžį́) - stand, be standing; stand up, get up; terminate ongoing activity preparatory to departing; stop, cause to stop, halt, detain someone who is passing by [CQ-Osage]; na-zhiⁿ (nazhíⁿ), naⁿ-zhiⁿ (naⁿzhíⁿ) - stand, stand up [Kaw]

 

reflection from water, mirror

► ni o-ki-kda-s’iⁿ (ni ókkikdásʔį) - reflection from water, mirror

► ni o-ki-kda-s’iⁿ (ni ókkikdásʔį) - mirror [MS]

► cf. ni (ni) - water; o-ka-s’iⁿ (okásʔį) - peep, peek at

► Dhegiha: ni u-ki-gtha-s’iⁿ (ni-ú-k͓i-g¢á-s’iⁿ) - a looking glass, mirror, “peeping into the water at himself” [JOD-Omaha]; ni u-ki-gtha-s’iⁿ (niu kigtháç’iⁿ) - mirror [Omaha]; ni u-ʰki-gtha-ʰts’iⁿ (ni-ú-ḳi-gtha-ṭs’iⁿ) - a mirror, lit., “to peer at oneself in the water” [FL-Osage]; ni o-ʰki-a-ts’iⁿ (niióʰkiacʔį) - mirror, lit., “to peer at oneself in the water” [CQ-Osage]; noⁿ-ki-la-ts’iⁿ (nóⁿkilats’iⁿ) - mirror, looking glass, this derives from ni-oⁿ-ki-la-sts’iⁿ “to look into the water at himself” [Kaw]

 

refrain from

► a-ki-toⁿ-we (ákkittǫ́we) - watch out for, beware of, take great care of, refrain from ► a-a-ki-toⁿ-we (áakkittǫ́we) - I, a-da-ki-toⁿ-we (ádakkittǫ́we) - you, oⁿ-ka-ki-toⁿ-wa-we (ǫ́kakkittǫwawe) - we

► cf. toⁿ-we (tǫ́we), taⁿ-we (tą́we) - look at something; a-taⁿ-we (átąwe), (áttąwe) - look upon; o-ki-toⁿ-we (ókittǫ́we) - depend on someone; o-toⁿ-we (otǫ́we) - look at singular/animate/object; o-toⁿ-we (ótǫwe) - look at plural/animate/objects; wa-ki-toⁿ-we (wakíttǫwe) - scout for someone; wa-toⁿ-we (watǫ́we) - scout, reconnoiter; wa-toⁿ-we de (watǫ́we dé) - go as a scout, reconnoitre

► ex: a-ki-toⁿ-wa (ákkittǫwá) - take care!

► ex: shi-zhi-ka a-ki-toⁿ-wa (šížika ákkittǫwá) - take great care of the infant!

► Dhegiha: a-gi-doⁿ-be (á-gi-doⁿ-be) - watches over whatever is his own [FL-Osage]; a-ʰki-ʰtoⁿ-be (á-ḳi-ṭoⁿ-be) - discreet, to guard one’s self against trouble [FL-Osage]; a-ki-toⁿ-pe (ákitǫpe) - watch over, tend someone who is not a family member or not close [CQ-Osage]; a-ki-ʰtoⁿ-pe (ákiʰtǫpe) - watch over, look after, look at one’s own things or people, watch over, look after, look at one’s own [CQ-Osage]; a-ʰki-ʰtoⁿ-pe (áʰkiʰtǫpe) - watch over oneself, watch oneself, look at oneself, look after oneself, watch over each other, watch over things for oneself, watch over one’s own things [CQ-Osage]; a-gi-doⁿ-be (ágidoⁿbe) - look at something, examine something, watchover [Kaw]; a-ki-toⁿ-be (ákitoⁿbe) - see for oneself, look at an object closely to understand for oneself, to scrutinize [Kaw]

 

refugee from another tribe

► wa-we-di-xe (wawédixe) - refugee (from another tribe)

► ex: aⁿ-naⁿ-ti-xe (ąną́ttixe) - you stay with me [JOD]

► Dhegiha: u-thi-xe (úthixe) - a refugee, one who has left his tribe and is staying with another people [Omaha/Ponca]; o-yu-ghe (óyughe) - take refuge in [Kaw]

 

refuse, be unwilling, decline

► o-di-sh’a-ke (odíšʔake) - refuse, be unwilling, decline ► o-bdi-sh’a-ke (obdíšʔake) - I, o-ti-sh’a-ke (ottísʔake) - you

► o-di-sh’a-ke hi (odíšʔake hi) - very lazy [MS]

► ex: “o-bdi-sh’a-ke! di-e k’iⁿ e-ka!” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“obdíšʔake! díe kʔį́ eká!” iyí iyá maštį́ke) - “I refuse! You carry it yourself!” it is said Rabbit said.

► ex: o-di-sh’a-ke (odíš’aké) - he refused [JOD]

► Dhegiha: u-thi-sh’a-ge (uthísh’age) - to be unwilling, to refuse [Omaha/Ponca]; u-thu-ʰts’a-ge (u-thú-ṭs’a-ge) - anything that becomes a nuisance; offensive; vexatious or annoying; not willing; lazy; idle; one who shirks, avoids work, evades responsibility [FL-Osage]; u-thi-sh’a-ge (u-thí-sh’a-ge) - lazy man, an idler [FL-Osage]; o-thu-ts’a-ke (oðúucʔake) - laziness, lazy, be or become tired or weary of [CQ-Osage]; o-thu-ts’a-ke (óðuucʔake) - be lazy [CQ-Osage]; o-yu-ts’a-ge (óyuts’age) - be unwilling, refuse, deny, lazy [Kaw]

 

regard one as being, think

► a-zhaⁿ (ážą) - think, regard one as being ► a-zhaⁿ-miⁿ (ážąmį́) - I, a-da-zhaⁿ (ádažą) - you, oⁿ-ka-zhaⁿ-we (ǫ́kažąwe) - we

► a-zhiⁿ (ážį) - think, regard; to treat as ► a-zhaⁿ-miⁿ (ážąmį), a-a-zhiⁿ (áažį), a-zhoⁿ (ážǫ) - I, a-da-zhiⁿ (ádažį) - you, oⁿ-ka-zhiⁿ-we (ǫ́kažįwe), aⁿ-ka-zhaⁿ-i (ąkážąi) - we

► ex: ho-taⁿ a-zhaⁿ-i (hóttą ažą́i) - love someone, think well of

► ex: oⁿ-hi a-zhiⁿ (ǫhí ážį) - respect, treat as honorable

► ex: oⁿ-hi a-wi-zha-miⁿ (ǫhí áwižamį́) - I honor you

► ex: ni-ka-shi-ka e a-zha-miⁿ (níkkašika e ážamį) - I treat him as a human being

► ex: a-zho-wa hi pʰi a-ni-he, so-te a-ni-he, aⁿ-xde te a-zhaⁿ-niⁿ (ažowá hi pʰí aníhe, sótte aníhe, ą́xde tte ažąmį́) - I was coming as fast as possible, I was moving fast, I thought he was going to overtake me [JOD]

► ex: “i-da-xa naⁿ o-do-tʰe aⁿ-naⁿ-de te a-zha-miⁿ, i-da-xa-zhi,” i-yi (“idáxa ną ódotʰe ąną́de tte ážąmį́, idáxa-ží,” iyí) - “I thought, if I laugh the man eater will see/find me, I didn't laugh,” she said [JOD]

► ex: wa-x’o niⁿ-kʰe i-xa koⁿ-da niⁿ-kʰe e-ni-te o-do-tʰe aⁿ-naⁿ-de te a-zha-miⁿ i-da-xa-zhi (waxʔó nįkʰe íxa kǫ́da nįkʰe énitte, ódotʰe ąną́de tte ážąmį idáxa-ži) - the woman wanted to laugh, although she thought he will see/find me, I won't laugh [JOD]

► ex: “shaⁿ-iⁿ-te iⁿ-spe i-ba-shte a-zhaⁿ-miⁿ,” i-yi (šą́įtte į́spe íbašte ážąmį́,” iyí) - well, I think it was accidentally split by falling against an axe, he said [JOD]

► ex: aⁿ-t’e ta miⁿ-kʰe a-zhaⁿ-miⁿ shoⁿ-hi-te (ątʔe tta mįkʰe ažąmį́ šǫ́hitte) - at any rate, I think I will be dead/die [JOD]

► ex: “naⁿ-pe-hi-xti niⁿ a-zha-miⁿ,” i-yi i-ya sni-wa-te (nąppéhi-xti nį́ ážąmį́,” iyí iyá sniwátte) - “I think that he (Rabbit) is very hungry,” it is said Winter said [JOD]

► ex: “he-be wa-da-ki-tiⁿ shi a-zhaⁿ-miⁿ,” i-yi i-ya (“hébe wádakittį́ ší ážąmį́,” iyí iyá) - “I think that you took a piece for someone,” it is said he said [JOD]

► ex: “ko-i-she aⁿ-ki-oⁿ a-zhaⁿ-miⁿ, e-ta-ni wi-ta,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-zhiⁿ-ke niⁿ-kʰe (“kóiše ą́kiǫ́ ážąmį́, ettáni wítta,” iyí iyá maštį́ke ežį́ke nįkʰe) - I think that he has been treating my kinsman so,” it is said the Rabbit’s son said

► ex: “hoⁿ! e-koⁿ zhamiⁿ,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“hǫ! ekǫ́ žąmį́,” iyí iyá maštį́ke) - “yes! I thought so,” it is said rabbit said [JOD]

► ex: miⁿ-da-kʰe de, e-de a-zhaⁿ (mį́dakʰe dé, edé ažą́) - I think you are telling the truth [JOD]

► ex: haⁿ aⁿ-da-zhaⁿ e (hą́ ądážą e) - what do you think about my case?

► ex: miⁿ-kʰe aⁿ-da-zhaⁿ-zhi tʰe a-zhaⁿ-miⁿ (mį́kʰe ądážąži tʰe ážąmį) - I do not think that you believe me

► ex: a-ki-zhaⁿ (akižą́) - she thought about herself [JOD]

► ex: o-do-tʰe o-xde te a-ki-zhaⁿ iⁿ (ódotʰe oxdé tte akižą́ į) - the man eater would overtake her, she thought to herself' (JOD)]

► Dhegiha: a-zhiⁿ (á-zhiⁿ) - to think or suppose that [FL-Osage]; a-zhiⁿ (ažį́) - think or believe regarding someone, hold an opinion of something [CQ-Osage]; a-zhiⁿ (azhíⁿ) - think, suppose [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: e-zhaⁿ-miⁿ (é-jaⁿ-míⁿ) - I think, 1^st person singular of an obsolete verb a-zhiⁿ (ajiⁿ) [JOD-Omaha]

 

regard someone as father

► i-da-te-de (idáttede) - have/regard someone as father ► i-da-te-a-de (idátteade) - I, i-da-te-da-de (idáttedade) - you

► cf. i-da-te (idátte) - his or her father

► Dhegiha: i-tha-di-the (i-¢á-di-¢ĕ) - to have or regard as a father [JOD-Omaha]; i-ya-je-ye (iyájeye) - someone other than oneself to have for a father [Kaw]

 

region, pubic region of abdomen

► o-zi-zi (ozízi) - belly, pubic region of abdomen

► o-zi-zi (ozízi) - belly [MS]

► o-zi-zi (usísi) - belly [ASG]

 

regular intervals

► a-ta-pa-xti (áttapaxtí) - off and on, at regular intervals [JOD]

► ex: aⁿ-zhiⁿ-ka-ti ni koi-kʰe e-koⁿ i-da-hi-bda a-ta-pa-xti (ąžįkátti ní kóikʰe ekǫ́ idáhibdá áttapaxtí) - when I was small, I bathed in the water at regular intervals [JOD]

 

regularly, usually, often

► naⁿ (ną), noⁿ (nǫ) - regularly, usually, often [JOD]

► naⁿ (ną), noⁿ (nǫ), ʰnaⁿ (ʰną) - habitual postclitic

► ex: shi-naⁿ (šíną), shi-noⁿ (šínǫ) - again, over and over, repeatedly

► ex: pi-naⁿ (ppíną), pi-noⁿ (ppínǫ) - do well at something precociously

► ex: niⁿ-naⁿ (nįną́) - continuative habitual

► ex: a-niⁿ niⁿ-naⁿ (anį́ nį-ną́) - he is the one who has (had) [JOD]

► ex: niⁿ-kʰe-naⁿ (nįkʰéną) - continuative habitual

► ex: wa-x’o to-wa ti-kde ni-kʰa-naⁿ (waxʔó tówa ttíkde nikʰá ną) - four women were dwelling in a lodge [JOD]

► ex: bda-taⁿ naⁿ (bdattą́ ną) - I drink, I’m a drunkard

► ex: a-tʰaⁿ-te bdo-ka aⁿ-kda-xti naⁿ ni-tʰe (atʰą́tte bdóka ą́kdaxti ną́ nitʰé) - I have suffered exceedingly all the time

► ex: i-he naⁿ (ihé ną) - I’ve been saying [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ-i-she naⁿ (hǫišé ną) - what do you usually say? [JOD]

► ex: ta-taⁿ naⁿ (ttattą́ ną) - you drink, you’re a drunkard

► ex: da-tʰi-zhi hi naⁿ (datʰíži hi ną́) - you did not come hither at all/usually [JOD]

► ex: da-tʰi-zhi hi naⁿ (datʰíži hi ną́) - you have never come here before now! [JOD]

► ex: i-she naⁿ (išé ną) - you said/regularly [JOD]

► ex: haⁿ i-she naⁿ e (hą́ išé ną e) - how/what did you usually say it? [JOD]

► ex: wa-ta-xo-we-naⁿ (wáttaxowe-ną) - you draw them into your mouth/usually [JOD]

► ex: di-xa-zhi wa-da-xo-we ni-kʰe, ni-ka-shi-ka wa-ta-xo-we-naⁿ i-ya-we (dixáži wadáxowé nikʰé, níkkašíka wáttaxowe-ną iyáwe) - you who are the Hill that draws things (people) into its mouth, they say that you always draw people into your mouth [JOD]

► ex: naⁿ hi (ną hí) - often/very [JOD]

► ex: si di-ze de-de naⁿ hi tʰe-ti, “hoo! hoo! hoo!” i-ye ną-we i-ya (sí dizé dedé ną hí tʰétti, “hoo! hoo! hoo!” iyé-naⁿ-wé iyá) - when he took every step, “hoo! hoo! hoo!” it is said they (the owls) said [JOD]

► ex: taⁿ-niⁿ tʰi-da-da naⁿ (ttą́nį tʰidáda ną) - to run/starting often/regularly [JOD]

► ex: “e-ska, wi-zhiⁿ-ke, she-to maⁿ-di-taⁿ pi-oⁿ taⁿ-niⁿ tʰi-da-da naⁿ e-koⁿ kaⁿ,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“éska, wižį́ke, šétto mądíttą ppiǫ́ ttą́nį tʰidáda ną ékǫ kką,” iyí iyá maštį́ke) - “oh my son I hope that you become like a boy that knows how to pull a bow well and begins to run now and then for short distances,” it is said Rabbit said [JOD]

► ex: wa-da-xo-we-naⁿ (wadáxowé-ną) - draws them into its mouth/usually [JOD]

► ex: “ni-ka-shi-ka e-ti hi-naⁿ wa-da-xo-we-naⁿ iⁿ,” i-yi i-ya wa-x’o-zhi-ka niⁿ-kʰe (“níkkašíka étti hí-ną wadáxowé-ną į́,” iyí iyá waxʔóžiká nįkʰé) - “when people go there, it always draws them into its mouth,” it is said the old woman said [JOD]

► ex: naⁿ-ke de naⁿ (nąké de ną) - ran/went/often [JOD]

► ex: kdi naⁿ (kdi ną) - returned/often [JOD]

► ex: e-to-ha hi shi naⁿ-ke de naⁿ, i-ya, xa-da shi kdi naⁿ, i-ya (ettóha hí shi nąké de ną, iyá, xáda shi kdi ną, iyá) - he ran far ahead and then back, again and again, it is said [JOD]

► ex: o-di-shaⁿ naⁿ (odíšą ną) - went around him/often [JOD]

► ex: sni-wa-te niⁿ naⁿ-ke shi o-di-shaⁿ naⁿ, i-ya (sniwátte nį nąké shi odíšą ną, iyá) - he ran around and around the Winter, it is said [JOD]

► ex: sni-wa-te hi-zhi naⁿ (sniwátte hí-ži ną) - cold weather/not very/regularly [JOD]

► ex: e-toⁿ-ti-tʰaⁿ, sni-wa-te hi-zhi naⁿ, i-ya (éttǫttítʰą, sniwátte hí-ži ną, iyá) - Therefore, from that time on, it has not been very cold, it is said [JOD]

► ex: naⁿ-we (ną-wé), naⁿ-wi (ną-wi) - they usually, they regularly [JOD]

► ex: o-zha aⁿ-koi-he-naⁿ-we (óža ąkóihe-ną-wé) - we joined in the dance regularly [JOD]

► ex: wa-x’o zho-hi o-zha-naⁿ-we (waxʔó žohí óža-ną-wé) - many women danced regularly [JOD]

► ex: hi tʰi-naⁿ-we (hí tʰí-ną-we) - they usually come [JOD]

► ex: aⁿ-toⁿ-we-naⁿ-we (ątǫ́we-ną-wé) - they usually look (watch) at me [JOD]

► ex: to k’e de-naⁿ-wi (tó kʔe dé-ną-wi) - they usually dig for potatoes [JOD]

► ex: si-si hi naⁿ-we (sisí hi ną-wé) - they are very active usually [JOD]

► ex: “e-ska, wi-zhiⁿ-ke, she-to naⁿhaⁿ maⁿ-di-taⁿ si-si hi naⁿ-we e-koⁿ kaⁿ,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“éska, wižį́ke, šétto nąhą́ mądíttą sisí hi ną-wé ékǫ kką,” iyí iyá maštį́ke) - “oh my son I hope that you become like the grown boys who pull a bow and are very active (able to run swiftly and far),” it is said Rabbit said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: hnaⁿ (hnaⁿ) - customary [Omaha/Ponca]; noⁿ (noⁿ) - usually, customarily [FL-Osage]; naⁿ (ną), noⁿ (nǫ) - always, repeatedly, habitually, customarily, usually, recurringly, continually, continue to, used to [CQ-Osage]; hnaⁿ (hnaⁿ) - habitual aspect; usually; always generally; used to, it used to be so [Kaw]

 

► shtaⁿ (štą) - habitual aspect suffix

► ex: wa-maⁿ-da-shtaⁿ (wamą́daštą́) - thief, who steals habitually

► ex: i-ye-shtaⁿ (íyeštą́) - talker, loquacious person

► ex: ha-t’e shtaⁿ (hątʔé štą) - sickly [JOD]

► ex: iⁿ-chʰoⁿ taⁿ aⁿ-si-si-zhi, haⁿ-t’e shtaⁿ a-ta-ha taⁿ (įčʰǫ́ tą ąsísiží, hątʔé štą attahá tą) - now I’m not active and I’m very sickly [JOD]

► ex: aⁿ-na-xi-da-shtaⁿ (ąnáγida-štą́) - I am scared/often, regularly [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ-zhi, wi-ti-mi, wi-e-taⁿ aⁿ-na-xi-da-shtaⁿ i-naⁿ (hǫží, wíttimí, wiéhittą́ ąnáγida-štą́ iną́) - no, my father’s sister, even I am often scared [JOD]

► Dhegiha: shtoⁿ (shtoⁿ) - habitually [Omaha/Ponca]; shtoⁿ (shtoⁿ) - habitually [Omaha]; shtoⁿ (shtoⁿ) - in the habit of, habitually, constantly [FL-Osage]; shtaⁿ (štą) - all the time, incessantly, always, a lot, constantly, continuously, keep on doing something [CQ-Osage]; shtaⁿ (shtaⁿ) - habitual aspect suffix or postclitic [Kaw]

 

regularly, you have no one to attend to you regularly

► a-ki-hi-te kniⁿ di-ni-ke (ákkihitte knį́ diníke) - you have no one to attend to you regularly

► cf. a-ki-hi-te (ákkihítte) - pay attention, attend, give heed, to insist on; kniⁿ (knį), kdiⁿ (kdį) - sit, be sitting, be in a place, camp; di-ni-ke (diníke) - you have none, you are lacking

relapse

► ha-t’e wa-shkoⁿ (hátʔe waškǫ́) - relapse ► ha-t’e a-wa-shkoⁿ (hátʔe awáškǫ) - I, ha-t’e wa-da-shkoⁿ (hátʔe wadáškǫ) - you

► cf. ha-t’e (hátʔe) - to be sick or ill; wa-shkaⁿ (wašką́) - strong, be strong; ha-t’e ni-ke (hátʔe niké) - healthy, to be in good health, “without sickness”

► Dhegiha: wa-shkaⁿ (wa-ckaⁿ) - to make an effort or attempt; to persevere; an effort, attempt [JOD-Omaha]; wa-shkoⁿ (washkoⁿ) - energy [Omaha]; wa-shkoⁿ (wa-shkóⁿ) - strength, might, force, power, to struggle hard, effort, to make an effort [FL-Osage]; wa-shkaⁿ (waašką́) - try hard, do one’s best, make an effort, struggle, strength, might, force, power [CQ-Osage]; wa-shkaⁿ (washkáⁿ) - try, do one’s best, make an effort [Kaw]

 

relation, family

► wa-haⁿ (wahą́) - relation, family [JOD]

► cf: wa-haⁿ ni-ke (wahą́niké) - orphan, “family, relation + none, lacking”

► Dhegiha: u-wa-hoⁿ-e (uwáhoⁿe) - kinship system [Omaha/Ponca]; u-wa-haⁿ-e (u-wá-haⁿ-e) - a system of kinship [JOD-Omaha]; wa-hoⁿ-iⁿ (wahǫ́į) - address folks with respect, address as friends and relatives [CQ-Osage]; o-wa-haⁿ (ówaháⁿ) - kin, relation [Kaw]; o-wa-haⁿ-e (ówaháⁿe) - kinship, relationship [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: wa-hoⁿ thiⁿ-ge (wahóⁿthiⁿge) - orphan, “without relatives” [Omaha/Ponca]; wa-haⁿ-thiⁿ-ge (wa-háⁿ-¢iñ-ge) - an orphan, “one without relations [JOD-Omaha]; wa-hoⁿ thiⁿ-ge (wahoⁿ thiⁿge) - orphan [Omaha]; wa-hoⁿ-iⁿ-ge (wa-hóⁿ-iⁿ-ge) - an orphan, literally, no mother, the word was used among the Indians when speaking of a child with neither father nor mother [FL-Osage]; wa-hoⁿ-iⁿ-ke (wahǫ́įke) - be an orphan [CQ-Osage]; wa-hoⁿ yiⁿ-ge (wahóⁿyiⁿge) - orphan, one who has lost one or both parents [Kaw]

 

relation, forbid one’s own relation

► i-ki-ho-shi (íkihoší) - to forbid one’s own ► i-da-ki-ho-shi (idákihoší) - I

► ex: i-da-ki-ho-shi (idákihoší) - I forbade him, my relation [JOD]

► ex: i-ki-ho-shi (íkihoší) - he forbade her [JOD]

► ex: da-tʰe di-knaⁿ taⁿ i-ki-ho-shi (datʰé dikną́ tą ík͓ihoší) - she decided to eat it, he (her husband) forbid her (from eating it) [JOD]

► ex: i-ki-ho-shi a-ti shi-naⁿ naⁿ ta-bde de (íkihoší-áti šiną́-ną tábde dé) - after he forbade her (from eating it), he went hunting again [JOD)]

► Dhegiha: i-gi-zhu-shi (í-gi-zhu-shi) - to dissuade, to inhibit [FL-Osage]; u-hu-shi-ge (ú-hu-shi-ge) - I forbide you to do so under penalty [FL-Osage]; wa-we-gi-zhu-shi (wa-wé-gi-zhu-shi) - interdict, as to forbid [FL-Osage]; i-zhu-shi (í-zhu-shi) - to object, to deny, to forbide, to protest [FL-Osage]; i-zho-shi (ížoši) - prohibit, forbid, order or tell someone not to, disallow, be against doing or refuse or be reluctant to do something, say no when asked to do something [CQ-Osage]; i-zho-shi (ízhoshi) - refuse, be unwilling [Kaw]

 

relation, give to one’s own kin or relation

► ki-k’i (kikʔí) - give to one’s own (kin) ► a-ki-k’i (akíkʔi) - I, da-ki-k’i (dakíkʔi) - you

► cf. ki-k’i (kíkʔi) - give back, return; k’i (kʔi) - give something to someone

► ex: a-ki-k’i (akíkʔi) - I give to him, my relation [JOD]

► ex: “a-ki-k’i za-ni,” i-yi i-ya maⁿ-tʰo (“akíkʔi zaní,” iyí iyá mątʰó) - I have given it all (the meat) to him, as my relation, it is said Grizzly said [JOD]

► ex: ki-k’i (kikʔí) - he gave to his own [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ kaⁿ-iⁿ kda-i taⁿ ta-taⁿ ho-taⁿ hi zhaⁿ-pi-zhi o-zhi taⁿ ki-k’i (kóišǫ́ttą ką́į kdá-i tą táttą hottą́ hi žąppíži oží tą kikʔí) - so then when they (the other girls) went back, he gave his own (his daughter) a wooden box filled with something very good [JOD]

► ex: ti tʰe ki-k’i a-taⁿ i-de (ttí tʰe kikʔí áttą idé) - he gave his own lodge to him and departed [JOD]

► Dhegiha: gi-’i (gi’í) - give to one’s own [JOD-Omaha]; ki-k’u (kíkʔu) - give to one’s own, give away to one’s own people [CQ-Osage]

 

relation, hide one’s own things or relation

► na-xnaⁿ ki-knaⁿ (naxną́ kikną́) - hide one’s own singular/sitting/inanimate or cloth object

► cf. na-xnaⁿ (naxną́) - secretly, covertly; ki-knaⁿ (kikną́) - set one’s own, put

► ex: wi-ti-kaⁿ, na-xnaⁿ ki-knaⁿ, i-ke (wittiką, naxną́ kíkną́, iké) - my grandfather, hide me (your relation), she said to him [JOD]

► ex: na-xnaⁿ da-ki-knaⁿ koⁿ-bda, wi-ti-kaⁿ, i-ke (naxną́ dakikną kkǫbdá, wittiką́, iké) - my grandfather, I want you to hide me (your relation), she said to him [JOD]

► Dhegiha: noⁿ-xthoⁿ-ha (noⁿ-xthóⁿ-ha) - privacy, retirement, secrecy, underhand, to have a private concultation [FL-Osage]; naⁿ-loⁿ-ha (nąlǫ́ǫha) - be sneaky, hide, be sly, secretly scheme against someone, go behind someone’s back, be cunning, hide, conceal, covertly [CQ-Osage]; noⁿ-xlaⁿ (noⁿxláⁿ) - hide something [Kaw]; noⁿ-xlaⁿ-le (noⁿxláⁿle) - hide a perpendicular object by standing it upright inside something [Kaw]

 

relation, keep one’s own things or relation

► a-kda-niⁿ (akdánį) - keep one’s own (relation, property, etc.) ► a-ka-bniⁿ (akdábnį) - I

► ex: a-ka-bniⁿ (akdábnį) - I have my own, I had my own [JOD]

► ex: e-shaⁿ-taⁿ she-mi zhi-ka de naⁿ-hi a-kda-bniⁿ a-kdi (ešą́ttą šémižíka dé nąhí akdábnį akdí) - and then/little girl/this/only/I have my own/I have come home [JOD]

► ex: a-kda-bniⁿ pʰi (akdábnį pʰí) - I had my own/I came hither [JOD]

► ex: she-mi zhi-ka a-kda-bniⁿ pʰi (šémižíka akdábnį pʰí) - I came here with my little girl [JOD]

► ex: a-kda-niⁿ (akdánį) - keeping his own, he having his own, having his own [JOD]

► ex: e-da-te naⁿ-hi a-kda-niⁿ o-shte (edátte nąhí akdánį ošté) - her father/only/keeping his own/remained [JOD]

► ex: a-kda-niⁿ de (akdánį de) - take one’s own with one; to go with one’s own (relatives, etc.)

► ex: a-kda-niⁿ de (ákdanį́ dé) - she carried her own [JOD]

► ex: e e-ta taⁿ-ha kdi-ze a-taⁿ ti-a-ti kaⁿ a-kda-niⁿ de (é ettá tąhá kdíze áttą ttiátti ką ákdanį́ dé) - it was hers/because/she took her own/and/into the house/so/she carried her own [JOD]

► ex: a-kda-niⁿ hi (akdánį hi) - to come hither with one’s own [JOD]

► ex: a-kda-niⁿ kdi (akdánį kdí) - to have brought back one’s own

► ex: i-yo-wi taⁿ a-kda-niⁿ kdi kʰe (íyowi-ttą akdánį kdí kʰe) - when he was wounded they (his relations) brought him (or his body) home

► ex: wa-kda-niⁿ (wákdanį) - he has us, his relations

► ex: wa-kda-niⁿ hi (wákdanį hí) - she took them, her own, thither [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ naⁿ-zha wa-x’o zhi-ka niⁿ-kʰe shi-zhi-ka zho-wa-ki-kde wa-kda-niⁿ hi taⁿ a-di-xe (kóišǫ́ttą ną́ža waxʔó žiká nįkʰé šižíka žówakíkde wákdanį hí tą adiγé) - and then the old woman married him, she took her children along with her [JOD]

► ex: we-yo-wi taⁿ wa-kda-niⁿ kdi-we (wéyowi-ttą wákdanį kdiwé) - when we were shot they brought us back hither

► ex: a-ki-kda-niⁿ aⁿ-ta de (ákikdánį ą́ta dé) - she had her own (on) when she went [JOD]

► ex: ą́kdanį (ą́kdanį) - he has me, his relation

► ex: aⁿ-naⁿ-yo-wi taⁿ aⁿ-kda-niⁿ kdi-we (ąną́yowi-ttą ą́kdanį kdiwé) - when I was shot they brought me back hither

► ex: a-di-kda-niⁿ (adíkdanį) - he has you, his relation

► ex: i-di-yo-wi taⁿ a-di-kda-niⁿ kdi-we (ídiyowi-ttą adíkdanį kdiwé) - when you were shot they brought you back hither

► ex: i-da-kda-niⁿ (idákdanį́) - he had his own [JOD]

► ex: haⁿ-tʰaⁿ-hi ni-ka wa-x’o i-da-kda-niⁿ ta-bde da-we (hą́tʰąhí níkka waxʔó idákdanį́ tábde dáwe) - once upon a time, a man and his woman went hunting [JOD]

► Dhegiha: a-gtha-thiⁿ (agtháthiⁿ) - to have or keep one’s own [Omaha/Ponca]; a-gtha-thiⁿ (a-gthá-thiⁿ) - keep as one’s own, to have or keep one’s own; to inherit, inheritance [FL-Osage]; a-la-thiⁿ (aláðį) - carry one’s item, carry along one’s items, carry or take one’s own, have or take as one’s own, inherit [CQ-Osage]; a-la-yiⁿ (aláyiⁿ) - have or keep one’s own [Kaw]

 

relation, kill someone’s relation, etc.

► t’e-ki-de (tʔékkide) - kill someone’s (relation, etc)

► cf. t’e-de (tʔede) - kill, “cause to die”

► ex: t’e-wa-ki-da-we (tʔéwakidáwe) - they have killed our relation

► ex: “ka-hi-ke oⁿ-ko-ta-we, t’e-wa-ki-da-we i-ya,” i-ya-we, i-ya wa-sa ke (“kahíke ǫkóttawe, tʔéwakidáwe iyá,” iyáwe, iyá wasá ke) - “our chief, they have killed our relation, he (rabbit) said,” the black bears said, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: t’e-di-ki-de (tʔédikidé) - your relation was killed

► ex: ka-hi-ke taⁿ-ka t’e-di-ki-de ni-kʰa-she shoⁿ-te niⁿ-kʰe she iⁿ (kahíke ttą́ka tʔédikidé nikʰáše šǫté nįkʰe šé į) - you’all whose principal chief has been killed, here are the testicles [JOD]

► Dhegiha: t’e-gi-the (t’é-gi-¢ĕ) - to kill or slaughter his own [JOD-Omaha]; t’e-ki-the (t’é-k͓i-¢ĕ) - to kill himself, to commit suicide [JOD-Omaha]; t’e-ki-the (t’é-ki-¢ĕ) - to kill an ox, etc., intending to give it to another (not the owner); to kill another’s horse, etc., in revenger, etc., for his disadvantage; to kill a man purposely, to murder [JOD-Omaha]; t’e-gi-the (t’égithe) - suicide [Omaha]; ʰts’e-ʰki-the (ṭs’é-ḳi-the) - the killing of one’s self, suicide [FL-Osage]; ʰts’e-gi-the (ṭs’e-gi-the) - killing one’s own [FL-Osage]; ts’e-ʰki-the (cʔéʰkiðe) - kill onself, commit suicide [CQ-Osage]; ts’e-ki-ye (ts’ékiye) - to kill oneself, commit suicide; kill one another, each other [Kaw]

 

relation, kinsman

► e-ta-ni (ettáni) - relation, kinsman ► e-ta-ni wi-ta (ettáni wítta) - my

► cf. e-ta-niⁿ (ettánį) - to be a relation

► ex: “ko-i-she aⁿ-ki-oⁿ a-zhaⁿ-miⁿ, e-ta-ni wi-ta,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-zhiⁿ-ke niⁿ-kʰe (kóiše ą́kiǫ́ ážąmį́, ettáni wítta,” iyí iyá maštį́ke ežį́ke nįkʰe) - “I suspect that he has been treating my kinsman so,” said the Rabbit’s son [JOD]

 

relation, question one’s own relation

► i-ki-aⁿ-xe (íkiąγe) - question one’s own relation

► cf. i-ki-ma-xe (íkkimáγe) - question oneself; i-moⁿ-xe (ímǫγe) - ask someone a question

► ex: i-ki-aⁿ-xe (íkiąγé) - he questioned her; he questioned his own [JOD]

► ex: hi-de tʰe-ti, ma-shtiⁿ-ke sni-wa-te ka-xnoⁿ niⁿ-kʰe i-ki-aⁿ-xe, i-ya (hidé tʰettí, maštį́ke sniwátte káxnǫ nįkʰé íkiąγé, iyá) - when he had gone, Rabbit questioned the wife of Winter, it is said [JOD]

► ex: “haⁿ i-she naⁿ e,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-zhiⁿ-ke tʰaⁿ, e-da-te i-ki-aⁿ-xe ti (“hą́ išé ną e,” iyí iyá maštį́ke ežį́ke tʰą, edátte íkiąγé tti) - “what did you say?” it is said the rabbit’s son said, when he questioned his father [JOD]

► ex: i-ki-aⁿ-xa-we (íkiąγáwe) - he questioned her, his own [JOD]

► ex: shoⁿ wa-x’o zhi-ka niⁿ-kʰe i-ki-aⁿ-xa-we (šǫ́ waxʔó žíka nįkʰé íkiąγáwe) - he questioned the old female dog [JOD]

► Dhegiha: i-ki-gthaⁿ-xe (í-k͓i-g¢áⁿ-xe) - refl. of i-gthaⁿ-xe (í-g¢aⁿ-xe): to ask a question about himself [JOD-Omaha]; i-gthoⁿ-xe (í-gthoⁿ-xe) - to make inquiry concerning a relative or some personal belonging [FL-Osage]; i-loⁿ-xe (ilǫ́γe) - ask or inquire concerning one’s own people or things [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: i-thoⁿ-xe (í-thoⁿ-xe) - to ask a question, to question [FL-Osage]; i-thoⁿ-xe (íðǫγe) - ask a question of someone; interrogate or question someone; ask questions about a certain topic [CQ-Osage]; i-yoⁿ-ghe (íyoⁿghe) - ask a question; to question [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: i-gi-ma-xe (í-gi-má-xe) - to ask a question of or about his own [JOD-Omaha]; i-gi-ma-xe (i-gí-ma-xe) - to ask one a question about his relation, etc. [JOD-Omaha]; i-ki-ma-xe (í-k͓i-ma-xe) - to ask questions about himself [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: i-ma-xe (í-ma-xe) - to ask a question, to inquire [JOD-Omaha]; i-moⁿ-xe (imoⁿxe) - ask [Omaha]; i-moⁿ-xe (í-moⁿ-xe) - to inquire [FL-Osage]

 

relation, talk to a relation

► o-ki-ki-e (okíkkie) - talk to a relation ► o-a-ki-ki-e (oákikkie) - I, o-da-ki-ki-e (odákikkie) - you

► cf: o-ki-e (okkie), o-ki (okkí), o-ke (okké), o-kye (okye) - speak, talk with one; o-ki-ki-e (okkíkkie) - talk to each other or oneself; o-ki-ke-ye (okíkkeye) - to have talked to a relation

► Dhegiha: u-gi-ki-e (u-gí-ki-e) - to talk with his own relation or friend [JOD-Omaha]; u-gi-ʰki-e (u-gí-ḳi-e) - to speak to a friend or some relation [FL-Osage]; o-ki-ʰki-e (okíʰkie) - speak to one’s own relative, family, or friends [CQ-Osage]; o-gi-ki-ye (ogíkiye) - talk with one’s own (kinsman or friend) [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: u-ki-ki-e (u-kí-ki-e) - talk to; to talk to himself [JOD-Omaha]; u-ki-ki-e (ukíkie), u-ki-ki-ye (ukikiye) - court; chat, converse, conversation [Omaha]; u-ʰki-ʰki-e (u-ḳí-ḳi-e) - to speak to one another; to hold a conversation; a dialogue [FL-Osage]; o-ʰki-ʰki-e (oʰkíʰkie) - talk with one another, converse with each other [CQ-Osage]; o-ki-ki-e (okíkie) - talk with one another [Kaw]

 

► o-ki-ke-ye (okíkkeye) - to have talked to a relation ► o-a-ki-ke-ye (oákikkeye) - I, o-da-ki-ke-ye (odákikkeye) - you

► cf: o-ki-e (okkie), o-ki (okkí), o-ke (okké), o-kye (okye) - speak, talk with one; o-ki-ki-e (okkíkkie) - talk to each other or oneself; o-ki-ki-e (okíkkie) - talk to a relation; ye (ye), e (e) - past suffix

► Dhegiha: u-gi-ki-e (u-gí-ki-e) - to talk with his own relation or friend [JOD-Omaha]; u-gi-ʰki-e (u-gí-ḳi-e) - to speak to a friend or some relation [FL-Osage]; o-ki-ʰki-e (okíʰkie) - speak to one’s own relative, family, or friends [CQ-Osage]; o-gi-ki-ye (ogíkiye) - talk with one’s own (kinsman or friend) [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: u-ki-ki-e (u-kí-ki-e) - talk to; to talk to himself [JOD-Omaha]; u-ki-ki-e (ukíkie), u-ki-ki-ye (ukikiye) - court; chat, converse, conversation [Omaha]; u-ʰki-ʰki-e (u-ḳí-ḳi-e) - to speak to one another; to hold a conversation; a dialogue [FL-Osage]; o-ʰki-ʰki-e (oʰkíʰkie) - talk with one another, converse with each other [CQ-Osage]; o-ki-ki-e (okíkie) - talk with one another [Kaw]

 

relation, to be a relation

► e-ta-niⁿ (ettánį) - to be a relation ► e-ta-bniⁿ (ettábnį) - I, e-ta-tiⁿ (ettáttį) - you

► cf. e-ta-ni (ettáni) - relation, kinsman

 

relation, to bring back for one’s own relation

► a-ki-niⁿ kdi (akkinį́ kdi) - to bring back for one’s own relation

► cf. a-ki-niⁿ (ákkinį) - have or keep one’s own; kdi (kdi) - to have come back here

► ex: a-wi-ki-bniⁿ a-kdi (áwikíbnį akdí) - I have brought back for you, my own [JOD]

► ex: we-da-niⁿ a-wi-ki-bniⁿ a-kdi (wédanį áwikíbnį akdí) - I have brought back for you (my relation) clothing [JOD]

► ex: a-wi-ki-bniⁿ a-kdi (áwikíbnį akdí) - I bring it back for you, my own [JOD]

► ex: wa-hiⁿ-ska ta-taⁿ hi-te ho-taⁿ iⁿ a-wi-ki-bniⁿ a-kdi te a (wahį́ska táttą hitté hóttą į́ áwikíbnį akdí tte á) - I will bring you (my own daughter) back some kind of really good calico cloth [JOD]

 

relation, to have brought back one’s own things or relation

► a-kda-niⁿ kdi (akdánį kdí) - to have brought back one’s own ► a-kda-bniⁿ a-kdi (akdábnį akdí) - I

► cf. a-kda-niⁿ (akdánį) - keep one’s own (relation, property, etc.); kdi (kdi) - to have come back here; a-kda-niⁿ de (akdánį de) - take one’s own with one; to go with one’s own (relatives, etc.); a-kda-niⁿ hi (akdánį hi) - to come hither with one’s own [JOD]

► ex: e-shaⁿ-taⁿ she-mi zhi-ka de naⁿ-hi a-kda-bniⁿ a-kdi (ešą́ttą šémižíka dé nąhí akdábnį akdí) - and then I returned here, keeping this little girl [JOD]

► ex: aⁿ-naⁿ-yo-wi taⁿ aⁿ-kda-niⁿ kdi-we (ąną́yowi-ttą ą́kdanį kdiwé) - when I was shot they brought me back hither

► ex: i-di-yo-wi taⁿ a-di-kda-niⁿ kdi-we (ídiyowi-ttą adíkdanį kdiwé) - when you were shot they brought you back hither

► ex: i-yo-wi taⁿ a-kda-niⁿ kdi kʰe (íyowi-ttą akdánį kdí kʰe) - when he was wounded they (his relations) brought him (or his body) home

► ex: we-yo-wi taⁿ wa-kda-niⁿ kdi-we (wéyowi-ttą wákdanį kdiwé) - when we were shot they brought us back hither

► Dhegiha: a-gtha-bthiⁿ a-gthi (agthábthiⁿ agthi) - bring one’s own home [Omaha]; a-la-yiⁿ li (aláyiⁿ lí) - brought one’s own back (home) [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: a-gtha-thiⁿ (agtháthiⁿ) - to have or keep one’s own [Omaha/Ponca]; a-gtha-thiⁿ (a-gthá-thiⁿ) - keep as one’s own, to inherit, inheritance [FL-Osage]; a-la-thiⁿ (aláðį) - carry one’s items, carry along one’s items, carry or take one’s own, have or take as one’s own, inherit [CQ-Osage]; a-la-yiⁿ (aláyiⁿ) - have or keep one’s own [Kaw]

 

relation, to take or come after one’s own things or relation

► a-ki-niⁿ tʰi (ákkinį tʰi) - to take or come after one’s own things or relation

► cf. a-ki-niⁿ (ákkinį) - have or keep one’s own; tʰi (tʰi) - arrive, to have come here

► ex: wa-ki-niⁿ tʰi wa-ki-niⁿ tʰi (wákinį tʰi) - he had come after them, his own [JOD]

 

relation, to tell one’s relation to do something

► a-kda-zhiⁿ (ákdažį́) - to command one’s own; to tell one’s relation to do something [JOD]

► cf. a-ka-zhi (ákaži) - command, tell someone to do something

► ex: kda-tʰe ki-ha-i naⁿ wa-zhiⁿ-ka ki-te a-kda-zhiⁿ naⁿ (kdatʰé kihaí ną wažį́ka kkítte ákdažį́ ną) - when they finished eating (their own food), she commanded him (her relation) to go shoot some birds [JOD]

► Dhegiha: a-ga-zhi (á-ga-ji) - to command; to tell him to do something [JOD-Omaha]; a-ga-shi (agashi) - persuade, command [Omaha]; a-ga-zhi (á-ga-zhi) - to command, dictate, or order [FL-Osage]; a-ka-zhi (ákaaži) - force over or through something, order, command, or force someone to do a task, make someone do something [CQ-Osage]; a-ga-zhiⁿ (ágazhiⁿ) - order, tell someone to do something [Kaw]

 

 

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