English to Quapaw Dictionary

R

rabbit - ravine	raw - recline	recognize - relation	relative - request
reside - rip	ripe - rolling	roof - rum	rumbling - rye

 

ripe, cooked

► ti-te (títte) - ripe, cooked

► cf. ti-te-de (títtede) - cook something; wa-ti-te (watítte) - mush, “boiled until done”

► ex: o-ki-hoⁿ ti-te naⁿ wa-naⁿ-bde niⁿ-kʰe (ókihǫ títte ną waną́bde nįkʰé) - when done boiling/cooking, he ate [JOD]

► ex: ti-te-ki-de naⁿ kda-ta-we (títtekíde ną kdatáwe) - when it was done, they ate it (their own) [JOD]

► ex: o-ki-haⁿ naⁿ ti-te-ki-de naⁿ kda-ta-we (okíhą ną títtekíde ną kdatáwe) - she boiled/cooked (her own food), when she had cooked it, they ate it (their own) [JOD]

► ex: ti-te-ki-de (títtekidé) - she caused her own to be done [JOD]

► ex: ti-te-ki-da-zhi (títtekidáži) - she had not caused it to be done [JOD]

► Dhegiha: niⁿ-de (níⁿ-de) - cooked till done, as food; burnt or frozen, as parts of the body or the face, by exposure to heat or cold; blistered, as by a mustard plaster or fly blister [JOD-Omaha]; niⁿ-de (niⁿ-de) - ripe, cooked [Omaha]; niⁿ-je (níⁿje) - cooked [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: dsi-dse (dsiú-dse) - ripe; mature; as applied to fruit or grain [FL-Osage]; dsu-dse (dsú-dse) - mellow; softened with ripeness; cooked well done [FL-Osage]; tsu-tse (cúuce) - done; cooked; ripe, mellow, mature; cook well done [CQ-Osage]; ju-je (júje) - cooked, done, as when fully cooked; burned, blistered [Kaw]

  

ripe, month when dewberries are ripe

► mi-wa-she shka (miwáše šká) - month in the Quapaw lunar calendar, when the wa-xo-ka taⁿ-ka (waxóka ttą́ka), ‘dewberries’ are ripe in Summer

► cf. wa-she (wašé) - rich, be rich; o-she (óše) - plentiful, plenty, a lot; ka-wa-she (kawáše) - make in abundance

 

rise

► ki-ta (kítta), gi-ta (gítta) - arise, get up ► a-ki-ta (akítta) - I, da-ki-ta (dakítta) - you, ki-ta (kittá) - he/she

► ex: a-ki-ta (akítta) - I rise [JOD]

► ex: e-ta hi ki taⁿ, a-ki-ta taⁿ taⁿ-niⁿ wa-shkaⁿ, a-kde maⁿ-te e-ti (étta hí kí tą, akítta tą ttą́nį wášką, akdé mątté ettí) - when he reached there, I rose and running with all my might, I started back to the canoe [JOD]

► ex: a-gi-ta (ágítta) - I go home (I’m getting up) [AG]

► ex: wi-e a-gi-ta (wíe ágítta) - I’m getting up [AG]

► ex: ki-ta (kittá) - she arose [JOD]

► ex: ki-ta (kittá), gi-ta (gítta) - get up! [MS, AG]

► ex: si-ke gi-ta …. o-sti-te ni-kʰe (síke gítta …. óstítte nikʰé) - (oldest daughter) get up, your slow [AG]

► ex: kde-taⁿ ki-ta (ktqetăⁿ́ k͓it͓á) - masculine name, Hawk Gets Up, father of wa-zhiⁿ ska (wajíⁿ ska); father of haⁿ-ka mi (hañk͓á mi) [JOD]

► ex: ma-shiⁿ gi-ta (mášį́ gítta) - female name, Feather Rising, Feather Getting Up, Mary Thompson Williams name [MS]

► ex: maⁿ-shaⁿ ki-ta (maⁿ́caⁿ k͓íta) - female name [JOD]

► ex: maⁿ-shaⁿ iⁿ-te ki-ta (maⁿ́caⁿ iⁿtĕ́ k͓itá) - female name, Feather is Turned Bottom Up, full sister of George Redeagle [JOD]

► ex: mi ska ki-ta (mi ská kítta) - female name, White Sun Coming Up, Billie Webster’s name; Fannie Goodeagle Richard’s 1/2 sister, Clara Mae’s name; Grandma Cletis’s name [MS, FR]

► ex: mi ska ki-ta (mí ska k͓í-ta) - female name, White Sun Gets Up (Comes), White Female Coming (sic). Wife of kde-taⁿ sa (ktçet͓aⁿ sa) [JOD]

► ex: pa-si ki-ta (pási k͓ítă) - masculine name, Hail Comes (gets up) or Jno. Beaver, when small, was zha-we zhi-ka (jáwe jík͓a) (1st) [JOD]

► ex: taⁿ-iⁿ ki-ta (taⁿ́iⁿ k͓itắ) - masculine name, (Sun) Gets up In-sight [JOD]

► ex: ta-te ki-ta (taté k͓itắ) - female name [JOD]

► ex: te mi ki-ta (te mí k͓itắ) - female name [JOD]

► ex: wa-tʰe ki-ta (wáté k͓íta) - female name [JOD]

► Dhegiha: xu-e gi-da (xu-e-gi-da) - Comes Roaring, personal name, refers to the wind in an approaching storm [FL-Osage]

 

► na-zhiⁿ (nažį́) - stand ► a-na-zhiⁿ (anážį) - I, da-na-zhiⁿ (danážį) - you, oⁿ-na-zhiⁿ-we (ǫnážįwe) - we

► na-zhiⁿ (nažį́) - standing [OM]

► cf. a-na-zhiⁿ (ánažį) - stand upon; floor; o-na-zhiⁿ (ónažį) - stand in a place; sto-de hi naⁿ-zhiⁿ (stodé hi nąžį́) - stand in a group; iⁿ-ka-bde a-na-zhiⁿ (įkábde anážį) - Lovers Leap near Quapaw, OK; a-ki-na-zhiⁿ (ákinážį) - stand on one’s own; ki-na-zhiⁿ (kínažį) - stand with reference to another; ni-a-ki-na-zhiⁿ (niákinážį) - have duty of fetching water, stand to fetch water for one; i-na-zhiⁿ (ínažį) - stand by, support or aid someone

► ex: na-zhiⁿ ni-he (nažį́ nihé) - stand up!

► ex: na-zhiⁿ ka-xe (nažį́ káγe) - stood/made him [JOD]

► ex: wa-haⁿ-niⁿ-ke taⁿ o-pi-zhi kʰe kdi-a-ze naⁿ shoⁿ-ke-a-kniⁿ kde-zhe hi naⁿ-ta-ta-xe ka-xe tʰi na-zhiⁿ ka-xe (wahą́nįké tą óppiži kʰe kdiáze ną šǫ́keáknį kdežé hi nątatáxe káγe tʰí nažį́ káγe) - when the orphan opened her box a spotted horse came (was made to come, appear), standing there making noises with his feet [JOD]

► Dhegiha: na-zhiⁿ (nazhíⁿ) - stand, continue [Omaha/Ponca]; na-zhiⁿ (na-jíⁿ) - to stand; to continue doing any thing [JOD-Omaha]; noⁿ-zhiⁿ (noⁿzhiⁿ) - get up, arise, standing, tise up [Omaha]; noⁿ-zhiⁿ (noⁿ-zhiⁿ) - to rise or stand; stood [FL-Osage]; naⁿ-zhiⁿ (nąąžį́) - stand, be standing; stand up, get up; terminate ongoing activity preparatory to departing; stop, cause to stop, halt, detain someone who is passing by [CQ-Osage]; na-zhiⁿ (nazhíⁿ), naⁿ-zhiⁿ (naⁿzhíⁿ) - stand, stand up [Kaw]

 

rise, sunrise

► mi wa-e-naⁿ-pe (mi wáeną́pe) - sunrise

► cf. mi (mi) - sun; bi-naⁿ-pe (biną́pe) - push out into the open; ba-naⁿ-pe (baną́pe) - push into view; di-naⁿ-pe (diną́pe) - cause to appear, show; ka-naⁿ-pe (kaną́pe) - uncover, unearth; naⁿ-naⁿ-pe (nąną́pe) - scuff into view with the feet

► Dhegiha: miⁿ e-thoⁿ-be (míⁿethóⁿbe) - sunrise [Omaha/Ponca]; miⁿ e-thaⁿ-be (míⁿ-e-¢áⁿ-be) - sunrise [JOD-Omaha]; mi i-thoⁿ-be (mí-i-thoⁿ-be) - the sun appears; sunrise [FL-Osage]; miⁿ i-thoⁿ-pe (mį́į íðǫpe) - sunrise, the emergence of the sun, lit., “sun appears” [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: e-thaⁿ-be (é-¢aⁿ-be) - to appear in sight; to emerge from, as from water [JOD-Omaha]; e-thoⁿ-be (é-thoⁿ-be) - rises and appears [FL-Osage]; i-thoⁿ-be (í-thoⁿ-be) - to appear, come into site [FL-Osage]; hi-thoⁿ-be (hí-thoⁿ-be) - to be exposed [FL-Osage]; i-thoⁿ-pe (íðǫpe) - appear [CQ-Osage]; i-yoⁿ-be (íyoⁿbe) - appear, come into view, rise; emerge, as from water [Kaw]

 

rise, towards sunrise

► mi o-ti-naⁿ-be-ta-de-de (mi óttiną́bettadéde) - sun-rise-towards [JOD]

► mi o-ti-naⁿ-be-ta-de-de (mi óttiną́bettadéde) - northeast, “towards sunrise”

► cf. mi (mi) - sun; o-tiⁿ (óttį) - visible, insight; naⁿ-pe (ną́pe) - come into view, come into the open, to appear, to show; ta-de-de (ttadéde) - towards, in the direction of; mi wa-e-naⁿ-pe (mi wáeną́pe) - sunrise; o-sni-hi-ta-de-de (osnihíttadéde) - northwest, “whence the cold comes”; a-ka-hi-da-ta-de-de (ákahídattadéde) - southeast location, direction, “towards the south, downstream”; mi o-xpe-ta-de-de (mí oxpéttadéde) - southwest, “towards sunset”

► ex: “e-ti mi o-ti-naⁿ-be-ta-de-de iⁿ-tʰiⁿ de-da!” i-ke (“étti mi ottinąbettadede į́tʰį dedá!” iké) - she told him, “throw the club/stick there, towards the sunrise!” [JOD]

► ex: “e-ti ka-ki mi o-ti-naⁿ-be-ta-de-de iⁿ-tʰiⁿ de-da!” aⁿnaⁿ-ki-ye (“étti káki mi óttiną́bettadéde į́tʰį dedá!” ąną́kiye) - “there, yonder, towards the sunrise, throw the club/stick!” she said to me [JOD]

► Dhegiha: miⁿ e-thoⁿ-be (míⁿethóⁿbe) - sunrise [Omaha/Ponca]; miⁿ e-thaⁿ-be (míⁿ-e-¢áⁿ-be) - sunrise [JOD-Omaha]; mi i-thoⁿ-be (mí-i-thoⁿ-be) - the sun appears; sunrise [FL-Osage]; miⁿ i-thoⁿ-pe (mį́į íðǫpe) - sunrise, the emergence of the sun, lit., “sun appears” [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: e-thaⁿ-be (é-¢aⁿ-be) - to appear in sight; to emerge from, as from water [JOD-Omaha]; e-thoⁿ-be (é-thoⁿ-be) - rises and appears [FL-Osage]; i-thoⁿ-be (í-thoⁿ-be) - to appear, come into site [FL-Osage]; hi-thoⁿ-be (hí-thoⁿ-be) - to be exposed [FL-Osage]; i-thoⁿ-pe (íðǫpe) - appear [CQ-Osage]; i-yoⁿ-be (íyoⁿbe) - appear, come into view, rise; emerge, as from water [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ʰtiⁿ (ṭiⁿ) - visible, readily seen [FL-Osage]; tiⁿ (tiⁿ) - visible [Kaw]; wa-tiⁿ (watíⁿ) - visible, in sight [Kaw]

 

river

► ni (nih) - river (rivière); water (eau) [GI]

► ni (ni˙) - water [FS]

► ni (ni) - water, liquid, stream, lake

► ex: ni o-ha (ni ohá) - water/going along [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ sh’a-ke tʰaⁿ ni o-ha wa-taⁿ a-ki-de ta tʰaⁿ naⁿ (kóišǫ́ttą šʔaké tʰą ni ohá wattą́ akidé tta tʰą́ ną) - then the old man was about to go after goods along the creek/river [JOD]

► ex: ni o-ha naⁿ kde e-shoⁿ-hi ki i-ya-we (ní ohá ną kdé éšǫhi kí iyáwe) - she followed the course of the stream/water heading home, after some time she reached home, they say [JOD]

► ex: ni o-pa (ni opá) - water/following along [JOD]

► ex: ni o-pa a-niⁿ kda-wi (ní opá anį́ kdáwi) - they took him homeward along/following the water (river) [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ni (ní) - water [Omaha/Ponca]; ni (ni) - water; liquid; river [Omaha]; ni (ní) - water; river [JOD-Omaha]; ni (ni) - water; river; rivulet; creek [FL-Osage]; ni (níi) - water, any fluid, liquid [CQ-Osage]; ni (ni) - water, river; any liquid [Kaw]

 

► wa-tʰi-shka (wat'íšGa) - river [FV]

► wa-tʰi-shka (watʰíška) - river [MS]

► wa-tʰi-shka (ŭāhtĭschkā) - bayou or creek (baÿou ou crik, crique) [GI]

► wa-tʰi-shka (watʰíška) - creek

► ex: ni-sni wa-tʰi-shka (nísni watʰíška) - Spring River, I.T.

► ex: wa-tʰi-shka wa-sh’a-ke hi (watʰíška wašʔáke hi) - big river [MS]

► ex: i-kaⁿ-ska-de sa-taⁿ wa-tʰi-shka (íkąskáde sattą watʰiška) - Five Mile Creek, I.T.

► Dhegiha: wa-chʰi-shka (wachʰíshka) - creek, stream [Omaha/Ponca]; wa-chi-shka (wachíshka) - creek, brook [Omaha]; wa-tshi-shka (wa-tcí-cka) - a stream of any sort; a river; a creek [JOD-Omaha]; wa-ʰtsi-shka (wa-ṭsi-shka) - a brook, obsolete among the Osage, but still used by the Omaha [FL-Osage]; wa-chiⁿ-shka (wachíⁿshka) - river, small, a stream or creek, archaic [Kaw]

 

► ni wa-sh’a-ke (ní wašʔáke) - river

► ni wa-zha-ge (ní wážagé) - big river [LQ, OM]

► ni wa-sa-ke (ni˙wasá˙Ge) - river [VG]

► cf. ni (ni) - water, liquid, stream, lake, river; wa-sh’a-ke (wašʔáke) - large, be large; ni wa-sh’a-ke hi (ní wašʔáke hí) - bay, large body of water

► ex: ni wa-sh’a-ke pi-za-ti shka-te niⁿ (ní wašʔaké ppizátti škátte nį́) - he was playing on the sand of the large body of water (river?) [JOD]

 

river, Arkansas River

► ni zhi-te (ní žítte) - Arkansas River

► ni zhi-te (nízhitē) - Arkansas River [ASG]

► cf. ni (ni) - water, liquid, stream, lake; zhi-te (žítte) - red

► Dhegiha: ni zhu-dse (ni zhú-dse) - the Arkansas River, “red river” [FL-Osage]; ni zhu-dse ʰtoⁿ-ga (ni zhú-dse ṭoⁿ-ga) - this is the name given to the Arkansas River by the Osage, “big red river” [FL-Osage]; ni zhu-dse zhiⁿ-ga (ni zhú-dse zhiⁿ-ga) - Little Arkansas River [FL-Osage]; ni zhu-tse (níižuuce) - river (lit., ‘red river’) [CQ-Osage]; ni -zhu-je (nízhuje) - Arkansas River; lit. “red water”; river (any) [Kaw]

 

river, big river

► wa-tʰi-shka wa-sh’a-ke hi (watʰíška wašʔáke hi) - big river [MS]

► cf. wa-tʰi-shka (watʰíška) - creek, river, bayou; wa-sh’a-ke (wašʔáke) - large, be large; hi (hi) - very

► Dhegiha: wa-chʰi-shka (wachʰíshka) - creek, stream [Omaha/Ponca]; wa-chi-shka (wachíshka) - creek, brook [Omaha]; wa-tshi-shka (wa-tcí-cka) - a stream of any sort; a river; a creek [JOD-Omaha]; wa-ʰtsi-shka (wa-ṭsi-shka) - a brook, obsolete among the Osage, but still used by the Omaha [FL-Osage]; wa-chiⁿ-shka (wachíⁿshka) - river, small, a stream or creek, archaic [Kaw]

 

river, bottom land near a river

► o-zo ti-o-hi (ozó ttióhi) - bottom land near a river, down on bottom

► o-zo ti-o-we (ozó ttiowé) - bottom land with trees, name of one of the original Quapaw towns

► Dhegiha: u-zu (u-çú) - lowland forest [FL-Osage]; o-zo (ozó) - lowland, low wooded level [CQ-Osage]; o-zo (ozó) - 1) wooded area, bottom land with timber; timber; ozó táⁿga éji ayé góⁿyabe che aó, paháⁿle ché. They first desired to go to an extensive bottom land, abounding in timber, where Junction City now stands; 2) hilltops JOD uses this term in reference to the noⁿnóⁿbahu tó, “a kind of grape or berry found on the ozú (hill tops)” but the term more commonly refers to lowlands, as in sense 1. [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: u-zu u-gthoⁿ (ú-çu-u-gthoⁿ) - lowland forest in the bend of a stream [FL-Osage]; u-zu i-ha zhiⁿ-ga (u-çú-i-ha zhiⁿ-ga) - at one time there was a large bend in the stream, which was nearly closed; the meaning of the name is small mouth; it is near the u-zu (u-çu) or woods, what is known as Bartlesville, Kans. This was the site of the fourth camp in the fisrt trail, also of the third trail [FL-Osage]; o-zo-liⁿ (ozóliⁿ) - village in the bottom land with timber, the name of a village, literally, “they live in the timber”. JOD identifies this as a proper town, that is, it refers to a specific village, also called cexúliⁿ ‘village on a highland or lowland level, destitute of trees.’ The second name seems to contradict the first name but MR’s comments might be intended to clarify: “There used to be three branches, like Pawhuska, and some of them lived in that and some of them lived along the creek, Gaxó’oliⁿ and Zaⁿjóliⁿ. Those people lived in the [_?_], why they used to live north of Kaw there, at Washunga there. And those others, they used to [_?_] on top of the hill. And I think they called Waxága-oliⁿ ‘where the cactus grows.’ Zaⁿjóliⁿ is where they live in the timber, zaⁿjé. And Gaxá-oliⁿ, they used to live along the edge of [creek?] over there at Washunga.” [Kaw]

 

river, follow the course of a river or creek

► ni o-ha (ni ohá) - to follow the course of a river or creek

► cf. ni (ni) - water, liquid, stream, lake; o-ha (ohá) - following, following its course [JOD]

► ex: ni o-ha (ni ohá) - water/going along [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ sh’a-ke tʰaⁿ ni o-ha wa-taⁿ a-ki-de ta tʰaⁿ naⁿ (kóišǫ́ttą šʔaké tʰą ni ohá wattą́ akidé tta tʰą́ ną) - then the old man was about to go after goods along the creek/river [JOD]

► ex: ni o-ha naⁿ kde e-shoⁿ-hi ki i-ya-we (ní ohá ną kdé éšǫhi kí iyáwe) - she followed the course of the stream/water heading home, after some time she reached home, they say [JOD]

► Dhegiha: u-ha (uhá) - following, following it, following the course [JOD-Omaha]; u-ha u-ga-shoⁿ (uha ugashoⁿ) - tour [Omaha]; ha (ha) - through (direction), along a path, in a direction, by way of, from [CQ-Osage]

 

► ni o-pa (ni opá) - following along the water

► cf. ni (ni) - water, liquid, stream, lake; o-pa (opá) - following along [JOD]

► ex: ni o-pa (ni opá) - water/following along [JOD]

► ex: ni o-pa a-niⁿ kda-wi (ní opá anį́ kdáwi) - they took him homeward along/following the water (river) [JOD]

► Dhegiha: u-ʰpa (u-p̣á) - length and breadth [FL-Osage]; wa-ʰki-gtha-dse u-ʰpa (wá-ḳi-gtha-dse u-p̣a) - to obey the law [FL-Osage]; u-gi-ʰpa (u-gí-p̣a) - to obey, to retrace [FL-Osage]; o-pxa (opxá), o-pxaⁿ (opxą́) - follow as a path, go through or down as a road [CQ-Osage]; o-pha (ophá) - follow the course of a stream or a road [Kaw]

 

river, Mississippi River

► ni o-taⁿ-ka (ní ottą́ka) - Mississippi River

► ni o-taⁿ-ka (níutanka) - Mississippi River [ASG]

► cf. ni (ni) - water, liquid, stream, lake; taⁿ-ka (ttą́ka) - big, large

► Dhegiha: ni taⁿ-ga (ni-t͓añ́-ga) - “big water:” the sea: ocean according to the Omaha; the Platte River so called by the Ponkas [JOD-Omaha]; ni u-ʰtoⁿ-ga (ni-u ṭoⁿ-ga), ni ʰtoⁿ-ga (ni ṭoⁿ-ga) - the Osage name for the Mississippi River, “big water” [FL-Osage]; ni ʰtaⁿ-ka (níi ʰtą́ka), ni ʰtaⁿ (níi ʰtą́ą) - Mississippi River (lit., ‘big water’), ocean, sea [CQ-Osage]; ni-ska taⁿ-ga (níska táⁿga), ni ble-zaⁿ (ní blezáⁿ) - Mississippi River [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: u-taⁿ-ga (u-t͓áñ-ga) - the large end of an object; the lower end [JOD-Omaha]

 

river, Missouri River

► ni sho-te (níšótte) - Missouri River

► ni sho-te (nízhŭ́te) - Missouri River [ASG]

► cf. ni (ni) - water, liquid, stream, lake; sho-te (šótte) - smoke

► Dhegiha: ni shu-de (ni-cú-de) - “water stirred up” or “muddy stream”: the Missouri River [JOD-Omaha]; ni shu-de ke (nishude ke) - Missouri River; smoky water; turbid water [Omaha]; ni sho-dse (ni-shó-dse) - the name given the Missouri River because of the smoky or muddy appearance, “smoky river” [FL-Osage]; ni sho-je (nishóje) - Missouri River, lit. “smokey water, clouded water” [Kaw]

 

river, Neosho River

► ni-o-zhu (níozhu), ni-o-zho (níožo) - Neosho River [ASG]

► Dhegiha: ni-u-zhu (ní-u-zhu) - Neosho River, “main river” [FL-Osage]; ni-o-sho (niióšo) - Neosho (town in Oklahoma), possibly from ‘pour water into it’, i.e., ‘main river’ [CQ-Osage]

 

river, opposite side of a river

► ma-sa-ni (masáni) - opposite side, on, across; a horizontal object, a road or river

► ex: ma-sa-ni (masáni) - on one side [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ kaⁿ-iⁿ kda-i taⁿ, “hoⁿ-pe i-maⁿ-ta ma-sa-ni ki-di-shto-ta-i ni-he,” i-we-ki niⁿ i-ya ni-kaⁿ-saⁿ (kóišǫ́ttą ką́į kdá-i tą, “hǫpé imą́tta masáni kidíštotá-i nihé,” iwéki nį́ iyá nikkąsą́) - then-just as they started home-when-shoe-other one-on one side-pull ye it off from her-he was saying it to them-it is said-police [JOD]

► ex: ma-sa-ni-taⁿ (masanítą) - from the other side [JOD]

► ex: shka-te shoⁿ-niⁿ naⁿ-zha ma-sa-ni-taⁿ ni-ka-shi-ka miⁿ ki-baⁿ hi-de (škátte šǫ-nį́ ną́ža másanítą níkkašíka mį́ kíbą híde) - after he had been playing awhile, a person called to him from the other side (of the river) [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ma-sa-ni (masáni) - the other side; on the other side; half of a pair; on one side of [JOD-Omaha]; ma-sa-ni-a-ta (masániaʇá) - on the other side of [JOD-Omaha]; ma-sa-ni-a-ta (masániaʇa), (masániat͓a)  - to the other side; to the other side of [JOD-Omaha]; moⁿ-soⁿ-í-ʰta (móⁿ-çoⁿ-í-ṭa) - at the other side [FL-Osage]; moⁿ-soⁿ-í-ʰta (moⁿ-çóⁿ-thiⁿ-ṭa) - on one side [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-siⁿ-ha (mąsį́ha) - to or on the other side, opposite [CQ-Osage]; ma-siⁿ (masíⁿ), mo-siⁿ (mosíⁿ) - other side of something, as a stream; in the direction of the other side; on one of two sides; half of something [Kaw]

 

river, Platte River

► ni bda-ska (ni bdáska) - Platte River, NE

► ni bda-ska (ni bdáska) - Nebraska, “flat water” [OM]

► ni bda-ska (nî blaska) - flat water [ASG]

► cf. ni (ni) - water, liquid, stream, lake, river; bda-ska (bdáska) - flat

► Dhegiha: ni-btha-ska (ni-b¢á-ska) - “flat water”; the Platte River, Neb., hence the name of the state, Nebraska [JOD-Omaha]; ni-btha-ska (ni-bthá-çka) - flat river, Platte River, Nebraska [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: ni (ní) - water [Omaha/Ponca]; ni (ni) - water, liquid, river [Omaha]; ni (ni) - water, river, rivulet, creek [FL-Osage]; ni (níi) - water, any fluid, liquid [CQ-Osage]; ni (ni) - water, river, any liquid [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: bda-ska (bdáska) - flat [RR-Quapaw]; btha-ska (btháska) - flat [Omaha/Ponca]; btha-ska (bthá-çka) - flatten [FL-Osage]; bra-ska (bráaska) - flat [CQ-Osage]; bla-ska (bláska) - flat, as the edges, not the surfaces, of something [Kaw]

 

river, Red River of Louisiana

► ni zhi-te bda-da (nížítte bdáda) - Red River of Louisiana

► ni zhi-te bda-da (nízhite pdáta) - Red River of La., “red-broad” [ASG]

► cf. ni (ni) - water, liquid, stream, lake; zhi-te (žítte) - red; bda-da (bdáda) - flat, level

► Dhegiha: ni zhu-dse btha-tha (ní zhu-dse btha-tha) - Canadian River, Oklahoma, “Wide River” [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: ni u-btha-tha (ní-u-b¢á-¢a) - “water spread out on a level”: the Niobrara River [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: btha-tha (bthátha) - level [Omaha/Ponca]; btha-tha (bthá-tha) - broad, wide [FL-Osage]; bra-tha (bráaða) - broad, wide and smooth, as a prairie, smoothed out [CQ-Osage]; bla-ya (bláya) - level, without cuts or hills [Kaw]

 

river, Spring River

► ni-sni wa-tʰi-shka (nísni watʰíška) - Spring River, I.T.

► ni-sni wa-tʰi-ska (nísni watʰíska) - Spring River [OM]

► cf. ni-sni (nisní) - spring, lit. “cold water”; wa-tʰi-shka (watʰíška) - creek, river, bayou

► Dhegiha: ni-zni (níçni) - cold water, well water [Omaha]; ni-zni (ni-çni) - a spring of cold water [FL-Osage]; ni-ʰni (ni-hní) - water cold; a spring or well; cold water [FL-Osage]; ni-ni (níini) - spring, well, sources of water [CQ-Osage]; ni-ʰniⁿ (nihníⁿ) - well water; a pump [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: wa-chʰi-shka (wachʰíshka) - creek, stream [Omaha/Ponca]; wa-chi-shka (wachíshka) - creek, brook [Omaha]; wa-tshi-shka (wa-tcí-cka) - a stream of any sort; a river; a creek [JOD-Omaha]; wa-ʰtsi-shka (wa-ṭsi-shka) - a brook, obsolete among the Osage, but still used by the Omaha [FL-Osage]; wa-chiⁿ-shka (wachíⁿshka) - river, small, a stream or creek, archaic [Kaw]

 

► to ski-de ni (to skíde ni) - Sweet potato creek, home of the Quapaws before 1861 according to JOD

► cf. to ski-de (to skíde) - sweet potato; ni (ni) - water, liquid, stream, lake

► ex: ma-zhaⁿ shi-ka-zhi shoⁿ-ti to-skide i-ke-ya-we ni e-ti kʰe, mi o-xpe-ta-de-de-do-shi oⁿ-kniⁿ oⁿ-ka-tʰaⁿ naⁿ (mažą́ šikáži šǫ́tti to skíde íkeyáwe ni ettí kʰe, mi óxpettadédedóši ǫknį́ ǫ́katʰą́ ną) - before the late civil war, we dwelt on the west side of what they called, Sweet Potato Creek [JOD]

► Dhegiha: do-sku-e ga-xa (dó-çku-e ga-xa) - Sweet potato branch, sometimes called ni-u-zhu (Neosho); Spring River [FL-Osage]; to-sku-e ka-xa (tóoskue káxa) - Sweet Potato Creek [CQ-Osage]

 

river, the up river Quapaw village

► i-maⁿ-ha (imąha), i-ma-ha (imaha) - a Quapaw village, the ‘up river’ Quapaw village

► i-ma-ha (ímăha) - a band of Omaha, or perhaps more probably Kwâpâ, who lived with the Kä́dohadä́cho, but retained their own distinct language. There are still a few living with the Caddo, but they retain only the name. It will be remembered that when the Caddo lived in eastern Louisiana the Arkansas or Kwâpâ were their nearest neighbors on the north, and these Imaha may have been a part of the Kwâpâ who lived “upstream” (úmañhañ) on the Arkansas. The Caddo call the Omaha tribe by the same name. [J. Mooney-Caddo]

► ma-ha (maha) - The following account of the Gappa Nation was received from Baptiste Imbeau, an aged French Creole, who heard it from Paheka (Dry-Head), grandfather of Heckaton, the present principal Chief. “When we abandoned our former lands, we sat out without knowing whither we were going. Our motive for leaving the country we occupied was the scarcity of game. We were too numerous at that time; we had as many as 1600 warriors. On arriving at the mouth of the Ohio River (nÿ tonka), our chiefs determined on separating the nation, in order to procure the means of subsistence with greater facility. Our former name was Mahas. Those who followed the chief Wajinka-sa (black-bird) retained that appellation and now inhabit the country on the upper waters of the Missouri. Our chief, whose name was Pa-heka, chose to alter our name, and called us Gappa. [G. Izard]

► cf. ki-maⁿ-haⁿ (kímąhą) - against the wind or current; ki-maⁿ-haⁿ o-ka-xde (kkímąhą okáxde) - face upstream, face the wind; i-maⁿ (imą́) - the other; i-maⁿ-ta (imą́tta) - at or on the other side

► Dhegiha: u-ma-ha (u-má-ha), u-maⁿ-haⁿ (umaⁿ-haⁿ) - “those that went upstream,” the Omahas, a tribe of the ¢egiha group of the Siouan Family, see Pañka, Wajaje, K͓aⁿze, and Ugaqpa [JOD-Omaha]; u-moⁿ-hoⁿ (u-móⁿ-hoⁿ) - the Osage name for Omaha [FL-Osage]; o-maⁿ-haⁿ (omą́hą) - Omaha (tribe or tribal member) [CQ-Osage]; o-ma-ha (omáha), oⁿ-moⁿ-hoⁿ (oⁿmóⁿhoⁿ) - Omaha tribe or people, “those who went upstream,” so called because they (as well as the Ponca, Osage, and Kansa) went up stream when they left the Quapaw [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: i-moⁿ (í-moⁿ) - the other one [FL-Osage]; i-maⁿ (ímą) - which, other [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: i-moⁿ-kshe (imoⁿkshe) - the other of the two [FL-Osage]; i-maⁿ-kshe (ímąkše) - other [CQ-Osage]; i-maⁿ-cʰe (ímącʰe) - next (one), other (one) [CQ-Osage]; i-maⁿ-the (ímąðe) - one or the other [CQ-Osage]; i-maⁿ-ʰta-ha (ímąʰtaha), i-ma-ʰta-ha (ímaʰtaha) - the other way [CQ-Osage]

 

river, Verdigris River

► wa-se-taⁿ ni (waséttą ni) - Verdigris River

► wa-se-taⁿ ni (wassétun ni) - Verdigris River [ASG]

► cf. wa-se (wasé) - red paint [JOD]; wa-se sa (wasé sa) - black paint; wa-se to (wasé tto) - blue paint; wa-se to-hi (wassé ttóhi) - green paint; wa-se zi (wasé zi) - yellow paint

► Dhegiha: wa-se ʰtoⁿ xo-e (wa-çé ṭoⁿ-xo-e) - the Verdigris River, green paint was secured here, this was the second camp of the second buffalo trail [FL-Osage]; wa-se ʰtoⁿ xo-dse ga-xa (wa-çé ṭoⁿ xo-dse ga-xa) - green clay creek, branch of the Verdigris River, Okla [FL-Osage]; wa-se-ʰtaⁿ xo-e (waséʰtą xóe) - Verdigris River, lit., “gray sycamore” [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: wa-se tu xu-de (wa-sé-t͓u-qú-de) - verdigris, gray green clay or light blue clay [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: wa-se tu (waçe tu) - blue paint [Omaha]; wa-se tu (wa-sé t͓u) - green clay or green paint, verdigris [JOD-Omaha]; wa-se to (waséto) - verdigris, patina [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: wa-se saⁿ (wasésaⁿ) - white clay; made of white clay; earthenware; plaster; lime [JOD-Omaha]; wa-se zi (wasé zi) - yellow clay [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: wa-se zhi-de ni-ka (waséjíde níka) - Indian red paint [JOD-Omaha]; wa-se zhi-de (waséjide) - red paint; red clay [JOD-Omaha]; wa-se zhu-dse (wa-çé-zhu-dse) - red clay, red paint, rouge [FL-Osage]

 

river, White River of Missouri & Arkansas

► ni wa-ska (ni wáska) - White River, Missouri & Arkansas [ASG]

► cf. ni (ni) - water, liquid, stream, lake; wa-ska (wáska) - white; clear

► Dhegiha: wa-ska (wa-çká) - intelligible; clear to the understanding; lucid [FL-Osage]; wa-ska (waská) - clear, as weather, water, writing, or speaking [Kaw]

 

river, Wichita River

► wi-si-ta ni (wísita ni) - Wichita River

► wi-chʰi-taⁿ ni (witchi tánni) - Wichita River [ASG]

► cf. wi-si-ta (wísită) - Kwapa name for the Wichita Indians [JOD]

► Dhegiha: wi-chi-ta (wichita) - Wichita Tribe [Omaha]; wi-tsi-ʰta (wí-tsi-ṭa) - a Wichita, Wichitas, Wichita tribe of Indians [FL-Osage]; wi-tsi-ʰta (wíciʰta) - Wichita tribe or tribal member [CQ-Osage]; mi-tsi-ta (mítsitá) - Wichita people or tribe [Kaw]

 

roach, headdress

► ta-siⁿ-te a-knaⁿ (ttasį́tte ákną) - roach (headress) [MS]

► ta-siⁿ-te a-knaⁿ (ta sīⁿte ága na), (ta sīⁿ tē aga na) - head dress of deer hair and turkey beard, with bone standard and tube, from George Red Eagle and John Quapaw [MH]

► ta-siⁿ-te wa-knaⁿ (ttasį́tte wákną) - roach made of a deer’s tail

► cf. ta siⁿ-te (tta sį́tte) - deer’s tail; a-knaⁿ (ákną), a-kdaⁿ (ákdą) - put upon

► Dhegiha: ʰta-siⁿ-dse a-gthoⁿ (ṭa-çíⁿ-dse a-gthoⁿ) - deer’s tail headdress, a warrior’s decoration [FL-Osage]; ʰta-siⁿ-tse (ʰtaasį́įce) - headdress, lit., “deer tail” [CQ-Osage]; ta-siⁿ-je wa-laⁿ (tasíⁿje waláⁿ) - roach, deer tail headdress [Kaw]

 

road

► o-zhoⁿ-ke (ožǫ́ke) - road

► o-zhoⁿ-ke (ožǫ́ke) - road [MS, FR, OM]

► o-zhoⁿ-ke (oh-jōnkĭeh) - path, road (chemin) [GI]

► o-zhoⁿ-ke (osónke) - road, way [ASG]

► ex: o-zhoⁿ-ke e-zhi o-pa (ožǫ́ke éži opá) - she followed along a different road [JOD]

► ex: wa-haⁿ-niⁿ-ke o-zhoⁿ-ke e-ki-zhi o-ha hi (wahą́nįke ožǫ́ke ekíži ohá hí) - the orphan arrived following along a different road [JOD]

► ex: ka-xnaⁿ o-zhoⁿ-ke (kaxną́ ožǫ́ke) - migratory route, hunting route

► ex: pe-te zhoⁿ-di-taⁿ-da o-zhoⁿ-ke (ppétte žǫ́dittą́da ožǫke) - railway lit. “fire wagon road”

► ex: wa-ki-o-zhoⁿ-ke (wakiósonke) - milky way, “road of ghosts” [ASG]

► Dhegiha: u-zhoⁿ-ge (uzhoⁿge) - road [Omaha]; u-zhaⁿ-ge (u-jañ́-ge) - a road, way; a street [JOD-Omaha]; u-zhoⁿ-ge (u-zhoⁿ-ge) - a trail, a path, a route to be taken, a thoroughfare, a road [FL-Osage]; o-zhaⁿ-ke (óžąke) - road, highway, thoroughfare, route, path, pathway, orbit [CQ-Osage]; o-zhaⁿ-ge (ozháⁿge) - road, line of fireplaces in a camp [Kaw]

 

road, crossroads

► o-zhoⁿ-ke a-ki-di-te (ožǫ́ke ákkiditte) - crossroads

► cf. o-zhoⁿ-ke (ožǫ́ke) - road; a-ki-di-te (ákkiditte) - crossing each other

► Dhegiha: u-zhoⁿ-ge (uzhoⁿge) - road [Omaha]; u-zhaⁿ-ge (u-jañ́-ge) - a road, way; a street [JOD-Omaha]; u-zhoⁿ-ge (u-zhoⁿ-ge) - a trail, a path, a route to be taken, a thoroughfare, a road [FL-Osage]; o-zhaⁿ-ke (óžąke) - road, highway, thoroughfare, route, path, pathway, orbit [CQ-Osage]; o-zhaⁿ-ge (ozháⁿge) - road, line of fireplaces in a camp [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: a-ki-thi-te (á-ki-¢í-t͓e) - to cross each other, crossing each other, to lie across one another; to cross a stream together [JOD-Omaha]; a-kʰi-thi-te u-ga-doⁿ (ákʰithíte ugádoⁿ) - to nail on crosswise, to crucify [Omaha/Ponca]; a-ʰki-thi-tse (á-ḳi-thi-tse) - that which lies across [FL-Osage]

 

road, fork in a road

► o-zhoⁿ-ke ki-di-zhoⁿ-ka (ožǫ́ke kkídižǫká) - fork in a road

► cf. o-zhoⁿ-ke (ožǫ́ke) - road; maⁿ-te o-zhaⁿ-ka (mą́tte ožą́kka) - arrow notch

► Dhegiha: moⁿ i-tʰa-xe zhoⁿ-kʰa (moⁿ ítʰaxe zhóⁿkʰa) - forked arrow tip [Omaha/Ponca]; iⁿ-be zhoⁿ-ka (iⁿbe zhoⁿka) - Forked Tail Kite, Swallow Tail Hawk [Omaha]; ni u-ʰki-thi-zhoⁿ-ʰka tse (ni-ú-ḳi-thi-zhoⁿ-ḳa tse) - The Forks, the confluence of the Osage and Little Osage Rivers [FL-Osage]; iⁿ-be zhoⁿ-ʰka wiⁿ (íⁿ-be-zhoⁿ-ḳa-wiⁿ) - Forked Tail Kite Woman, female personal name [FL-Osage]; ni o-i-zhaⁿ-ka (ni oízhaⁿka) - fork in a river [Kaw]; o-i-zhaⁿ-ka (oízhaⁿka), o-wi-zhaⁿ-ka (ówizhaⁿka) - fork of a road or stream, mouth of a stream [Kaw]

 

road, opposite side of a road

► ma-sa-ni (masáni) - opposite side, on, across; a horizontal object, a road or river

► ex: ma-sa-ni (masáni) - on one side [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ kaⁿ-iⁿ kda-i taⁿ, “hoⁿ-pe i-maⁿ-ta ma-sa-ni ki-di-shto-ta-i ni-he,” i-we-ki niⁿ i-ya ni-kaⁿ-saⁿ (kóišǫ́ttą ką́į kdá-i tą, “hǫpé imą́tta masáni kidíštotá-i nihé,” iwéki nį́ iyá nikkąsą́) - then-just as they started home-when-shoe-other one-on one side-pull ye it off from her-he was saying it to them-it is said-police [JOD]

► ex: ma-sa-ni-taⁿ (masanítą) - from the other side [JOD]

► ex: shka-te shoⁿ-niⁿ naⁿ-zha ma-sa-ni-taⁿ ni-ka-shi-ka miⁿ ki-baⁿ hi-de (škátte šǫ-nį́ ną́ža másanítą níkkašíka mį́ kíbą híde) - after he had been playing awhile, a person called to him from the other side (of the river) [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ma-sa-ni (masáni) - the other side; on the other side; half of a pair; on one side of [JOD-Omaha]; ma-sa-ni-a-ta (masániaʇá) - on the other side of [JOD-Omaha]; ma-sa-ni-a-ta (masániaʇa), (masániat͓a)  - to the other side; to the other side of [JOD-Omaha]; moⁿ-soⁿ-í-ʰta (móⁿ-çoⁿ-í-ṭa) - at the other side [FL-Osage]; moⁿ-soⁿ-í-ʰta (moⁿ-çóⁿ-thiⁿ-ṭa) - on one side [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-siⁿ-ha (mąsį́ha) - to or on the other side, opposite [CQ-Osage]; ma-siⁿ (masíⁿ), mo-siⁿ (mosíⁿ) - other side of something, as a stream; in the direction of the other side; on one of two sides; half of something [Kaw]

 

road, straight road

► o-zhoⁿ-ke do-taⁿ hi (ožǫ́ke dóttą hí) - a very straight road [JOD]

► cf. o-zhoⁿ-ke (ožǫ́ke) - road; do-taⁿ (dóttą) - straight; hi (hi) - very

► Dhegiha: u-zhoⁿ-ge (uzhoⁿge) - road [Omaha]; u-zhaⁿ-ge (u-jañ́-ge) - a road, way; a street [JOD-Omaha]; u-zhoⁿ-ge (u-zhoⁿ-ge) - a trail, a path, a route to be taken, a thoroughfare, a road [FL-Osage]; o-zhaⁿ-ke (óžąke) - road, highway, thoroughfare, route, path, pathway, orbit [CQ-Osage]; o-zhaⁿ-ge (ozháⁿge) - road, line of fireplaces in a camp [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: thu-tʰoⁿ (thútʰoⁿ) - straight, correct [Omaha/Ponca]; thu-toⁿ (thu tóⁿ) - beeline; straight [Omaha]; thu-taⁿ (¢ú-taⁿ) - straight, correct [JOD-Omaha]; tho-ʰtoⁿ (thó-ṭoⁿ) - in the middle of the heaven [FL-Osage]; yo-taⁿ (yótaⁿ) - straight up [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: hiu (hiu) - several; many; more than one or two [FL-Osage]; hu (húu) - many, lots (of), large amount (of) [CQ-Osage]; hu (hu) - many, much, a lot, a great many [Kaw]

 

road, wide as a road

► bda-xa (bdáxa) - wide, as a road

► cf. bda-da (bdáda) - flat, level; bda-ska (bdáska) - flat

► Dhegiha: btha (btha) - open, spread out [Omaha/Ponca]; btha (b¢a) - open, spread out [JOD-Omaha]; bla (bla) - spread out, as dishes on the table [Kaw]

 

road, winding road

► o-zhoⁿ-ke a-ka-ki-zhe (ožǫ́ke ákakíže) - winding road

► cf. o-zhoⁿ-ke (ožǫ́ke) - road; a-ka-ki-zhe (ákakíže) - wind, as a road or stream

 

roan

► xo-te zhi-hi (xotté žihí) - roan

► cf. xo-te (xotté) - gray; zhi-hi (žihí) - reddish yellow

► ex: shoⁿ-ke a-kniⁿ wa-x’o xo-te zhi-hi (šǫ́keáknį waxʔó xotté žihí) - roan mare

► Dhegiha: xu-de (qúde) - gray, brown [Omaha/Ponca]; xu-de (xúde) - gray [Omaha]; xo-de (xó-de) - drab, a grayish color [FL-Osage]; xo-dse (xó-dse) - gray, a gray line [FL-Osage]; xo-tse (xóce) - gray, dull, color or finish, faded, grayish like ashes, smoky [CQ-Osage]; xo-je (xóje) - grey, light blue [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: zhi-hi (zhí-hi) - reddish; pink [FL-Osage]; zhi-hi (žíhi) - brown [CQ-Osage]; zhi-hi (zhíhi) - brown; orange [Kaw]

 

roar, cry out

► ho-taⁿ (hóttą) - cry out, roar

► ho taⁿ-ka (hŭk-takah) - shout, yell, scream, call (crier) [GI]

► ho taⁿ-ka (hú-tañ-k͓a) - Kwapa name for the Winnebago Indians [JOD]

► cf. ho (ho) - voice; o-ho (oho) - bark, as a dog [MS]; ga-ho-taⁿ (gahóttą) - whirr, roar; ga-ho-taⁿ-de (gahóttąde) - whirr, hum, roar; naⁿ-ho-taⁿ (nąhóttą) - cry out from being stepped on

► ex: shoⁿ wa-zhiⁿ-ka za-ni ho-taⁿ x’a-naⁿ-we, i-ya (šǫ wažį́ka zaní hóttą xʔáną-we, iyá) - and all the birds used to make a great noise by crying out, it is said [JOD]

► ex: iⁿ-tʰaⁿ wa-naⁿ-ho-taⁿ ną-we i-ya (įtʰą́ waną́hottą́ năⁿ-wé iyá) - he made the owls hoot as he walked, it is said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: hu tʰoⁿ (hútʰoⁿ) - to cry out, roar, bellow, said of the cries of all animals except humans and hogs [Omaha/Ponca]; hu-toⁿ (hutoⁿ) - bellow, hoot [Omaha]; hu-taⁿ (hútaⁿ) - to cry out, roar, bellow, etc. [JOD-Omaha]; ho-ʰtoⁿ (hóṭoⁿ) - the cry or call of animals or birds [FL-Osage]; ho-ʰtaⁿ (hóoʰtą) - yell, holler, shout, lit., “loud voice”, sing or sound out, make a loud sound, make animal sounds [CQ-Osage]; ho-taⁿ (hótaⁿ) - cry of an animal; an animal’s characteristic cry, a single term used to convey notions such as roar, bellow, whinny, caw, etc. [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: hu toⁿ-ga (hútoⁿga) - Winnebago, Hocank, the Winnebagos or Hocank tribe [Omaha/Ponca]; hu taⁿ-ga (hú-t͓añ-ga) - a Winnebago, the Winnebagos, a tribe of the Siouan Family [JOD-Omaha]; hu toⁿ-ga (hútonga) - Winnebago Indian [Omaha]; ho toⁿ-ga (hó-ṭoⁿ-ga) - Winnebago Tribe [FL-Osage]; ho taⁿ-ka (hótąka) - Winnebago (Hochunk) tribe or tribal member [CQ-Osage]; ho taⁿ-ga (hótaⁿga) - Hochank, also known as Winnebago tribe or person “big voice,” “loud voice,” or “rough voice.” [Kaw]

 

roar, whirr

► ga-ho-taⁿ (gahóttą), ka-ho-taⁿ (kahóttą) - whirr, roar

► cf. ka (ka) - by striking, wind, water; ho-taⁿ (hóttą) - cry out, roar; ga-ho-taⁿ-de (gahóttąde), ka-ho-taⁿ-de (kahóttąde) - whirr, hum, roar; naⁿ-ho-taⁿ (nąhóttą) - cry out from being stepped on

► Dhegiha: hu tʰoⁿ (hútʰoⁿ) - to cry out, roar, bellow, said of the cries of all animals except humans and hogs [Omaha/Ponca]; hu-toⁿ (hutoⁿ) - bellow, hoot [Omaha]; hu-taⁿ (hútaⁿ) - to cry out, roar, bellow, etc. [JOD-Omaha]; ho-ʰtoⁿ (hóṭoⁿ) - the cry or call of animals or birds [FL-Osage]; ho-ʰtaⁿ (hóoʰtą) - yell, holler, shout, lit., “loud voice”, sing or sound out, make a loud sound, make animal sounds [CQ-Osage]; ho-taⁿ (hótaⁿ) - cry of an animal; an animal’s characteristic cry, a single term used to convey notions such as roar, bellow, whinny, caw, etc. [Kaw]

 

roar, whirr, hum

► ga-ho-taⁿ-de (gahóttąde), ka-ho-taⁿ-de (kahóttąde) - whirr, hum, roar ► ga-ho-taⁿ-a-de (gahóttąade) - I, ga-ho-taⁿ-da-de (gahóttądade) - you

► cf. ka (ka) - by striking, wind, water; ho-taⁿ (hóttą) - cry out, roar; de (de) - cause; naⁿ-ho-taⁿ (nąhóttą) - cry out from being stepped on

► Dhegiha: hu tʰoⁿ (hútʰoⁿ) - to cry out, roar, bellow, said of the cries of all animals except humans and hogs [Omaha/Ponca]; hu-toⁿ (hutoⁿ) - bellow, hoot [Omaha]; hu-taⁿ (hútaⁿ) - to cry out, roar, bellow, etc. [JOD-Omaha]; ho-ʰtoⁿ (hóṭoⁿ) - the cry or call of animals or birds [FL-Osage]; ho-ʰtaⁿ (hóoʰtą) - yell, holler, shout, lit., “loud voice”, sing or sound out, make a loud sound, make animal sounds [CQ-Osage]; ho-taⁿ (hótaⁿ) - cry of an animal; an animal’s characteristic cry, a single term used to convey notions such as roar, bellow, whinny, caw, etc. [Kaw]

 

roast

► ba-znaⁿ (bazną) - roast

► ba-znaⁿ (pazze-nah) - roast (rôtir) [GI]

► Dhegiha: ba-znaⁿ (bas͓náⁿ) - to push a stck through a piece of meat, and hold it before a fire to roast [JOD-Omaha]; ba-znoⁿ (ba-çnoⁿ) - to roast meat of any kind over the fire on a sharpened stick [FL-Osage]; ba-hnaⁿ (bahnáⁿ) - roast, spit a piece of meat; to push a stick through a piece of meat and then thrust one end of the stick into the ground, close to a fire, in order to roast the meat; to roast meat in that manner; this method of roasting meat was used by most, if not all, Plains tribes. It was also used for cooking bread, by pressing dough around the stick and tilting it toward the fire [Kaw]

 

► wa-sa i-ba-xdo-xdo (wasá íbaxdoxdó) - small pieces of black bear meat roasted on sticks or spits [JOD]

► cf. wa-sa (wasá) - black bear; ba-xdo (baxdó), ba-xto (baxtó) - pierce, stab, perforate; i-ba-xdo (íbaxdo) - stuck in him [JOD]; wa-naⁿ-bde i-ba-xto (waną́bde íbaxto) - fork, a table fork, lit. “something to stick food with”; naⁿ-ta ba-xto (nąttá baxtó) - perforations for earrings; pa ba-xto (ppá baxtó) - nose perforation for ring; ke-naⁿ-ba-xdo (keną́baxdó), ki-ne-ba-xdo (kinébaxdó) - cactus plant; ho we-ba-xto (ho wébaxto) - fish spear; ma-ze we-ba-xto (máze wébaxto) - spear, war spear

► ex: wa-sa i-ba-xto-xto we-kdi o-do-bi-tʰaⁿ (wasá íbaxtoxtó wékdi odóbitʰaⁿ) - small pieces of black bear meat roasted on sticks with the fat around it [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ba-xthu (baxthu) - pierce [Omaha]; ba-xthu (ba-q¢ú) - to punch a hole, to pierce, to punch through [JOD-Omaha]; ba-xtho-ge (ba-xthó-ge) - to pierce, perforate, punch, make a hole in a piece of leather [FL-Osage]; ba-xlo-ge (baxlóge) - pierce, impale, hold with a fork [Kaw]

 

robe, blanket, rug

► maⁿ-iⁿ-taⁿ (mą́įttą) - rug [MS]

► maⁿ-iⁿ-taⁿ (mą́įttą) - blanket [MS, AG, OM]

► maⁿ-iⁿ-taⁿ (mą́įttą) - robe, blanket

► maⁿ-iⁿ-taⁿ (mąį́tą) - blanket [JOD]

► ex: te-ha maⁿ-iⁿ-taⁿ (ttehá mąįttą) - buffalo robe

► ex: maⁿ-iⁿ-taⁿ ki-di-a-ze (mą́hį́tą kidiaze) - he raised the blanket for her [JOD]

 

robe, tie for fastening a robe

► iⁿ-kʰe de-di ka-shke (įkʰé dédi kašké) - tie for fastening a robe

► cf. iⁿ-kʰe-te (įkʰétte) - shoulder; di (di) - cause by using the hands; general causative; a-ka-shke (ákaške) - tie a knot

► Dhegiha: iⁿ-kshe-dse a-ga-shke (iⁿ-kshé-dse a-ga-shke) - the stick used as a pin for fastening the blanket at the shoulder [FL-Osage]; i-khe-je ga-shke (ikhéje gashké) - tie used to fasten a robe around the shoulders [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: iⁿ-ke-de (iⁿkéde) - shoulder [Omaha]; iⁿ-ke-de (iñ-ké-de) - a shoulder [JOD-Omaha]; iⁿ-kshe-de (iⁿ-kshé-de) - shoulder [FL-Osage]; i-khe-je (ikhéje) - the two parts of a tent that are fastened together with small pieces of rope; the two parts of a shirt or coat that are fastened together with buttons; shoulder (less common term) [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: a-ga-shke (ágashke) - buckle, button, pin [Omaha]; a-ga-shke (á-ga-cke) - to button; to tie a knot [JOD-Omaha]; a-ga-shke (á-ga-shke) - to tie a knot, to tie a scalp lock on a pole [FL-Osage]; a-ka-shke (ákaške) - tie to something, tie up, tie a knot [CQ-Osage]; a-ga-shke (ágashke) - tie something, tie on, to tie a knot [Kaw]

 

robe, to spread a robe on a horse

► a-di-bda (ádibda) - spread out one object on another, as a robe on a horse or a table cloth on a table ► a-bdi-bda (ábdibda) - I, a-ti-bda (áttibda) - you, oⁿ-ka-di-bda-we (ǫkádibdáwe) - we

► cf. a (a) - on, upon; di-bda (dibdá) - pull apart, separate

► Dhegiha: u-zhoⁿ a-thi-btha (uzhoⁿ athibtha) - cover [Omaha]; wa-tha-te a-thi-btha (wathate athibtha) - table cloth [Omaha]; a-thi-btha (á-thi-btha) - spread oilcloth [FL-Osage]; a-thu-bra (áðubra), a-thi-bra (áðibra) - spread upon, spread over [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: thi-btha (thibtha) - unfold [Omaha]; thi-btha (thi-bthá) - to spread a robe or blanket [FL-Osage]; thi-bra (ðíbra), thu-bra (ðúbra) - spread, spread out, as a cloth [CQ-Osage]; yu-bla (yublá) - spread out or hang up to dry, corn, clothes [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: btha (b¢a) - open, spread out [JOD-Omaha]; btha (btha) - to open, to spread out; to be opened or spread out [Omaha/Ponca]; bla (bla) - spread out, as dishes on the table [Kaw]

 

robin

► shiⁿ-ko-ko-ke (šį́kkokkóke) - robin

► wa-zhiⁿ-ka i-ko-ko-ke (wažį́ka íkkokkóke) - robin [MS]

► Dhegiha: shiⁿ-ʰku-ʰku-ge (shíⁿ-ḳu-ḳu-ge) - robin redbreast [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: pa-thiⁿ wa-zhiⁿ-ga (pathiⁿ wazhiⁿga) - Robin [Omaha]

► Dhegiha: goⁿ-be ya-che (goⁿbé yaché) - robin red-breast [Kaw]; wa-zhiⁿ-ga maⁿ-ge zhi-hi (wazhíⁿga máⁿge zhíhi) - robin [Kaw]

 

Rock Creek

► xoⁿ-te hi o-taⁿ (xǫttéhi ottą́) - Rock Creek, I.T.; lit. “cedars abound in it”; near Quapaw, OK

► cf. xoⁿ-te hi (xǫttéhi) - cedar tree; o-toⁿ (ottǫ́), o-taⁿ (ottą́) - abound, abound in it

► Dhegiha: xoⁿ-dse hi (xóⁿ-dse hi) - the cedar tree [FL-Osage]; xoⁿ-tse hu (xǫǫcéhu) - cedar tree [CQ-Osage]; xoⁿ-je hu (xóⁿje hu) - the red cedar tree; red cedar wood [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: tʰoⁿ (tʰoⁿ) - exist, abound, have, possess, to exist, there is/there are; to abound, to have or possess [Omaha/Ponca]; taⁿ (t‘aⁿ) - to abound; there is; to have or possess [JOD-Omaha]; ʰtoⁿ (ṭoⁿ) - to possess [FL-Osage]; toⁿ (toⁿ) - have, possess [Kaw]

 

rock, big rock

► iⁿ taⁿ-ka (į ttą́ka) - rock, big rock

► iⁿ taⁿ-ka (îⁿ tánga), i taⁿ-ka (i tánga) - big rock [ASG]

► cf. iⁿ (į) - stone, rock; taⁿ-ka (ttą́ka) - big, large

► Dhegiha: iⁿ-‘e toⁿ-ga (iⁿe toⁿga) - boulder [Omaha]; iⁿ ʰtoⁿ-ga (i’ⁿ ṭoⁿ-ga) - big rock [FL-Osage]; iⁿ ʰtaⁿ (į́į ʰtą) - big rock [CQ-Osage]; iⁿ taⁿ-ga (íⁿtáⁿga) - rock, large rocks, boulder [Kaw]

 

rock, small rock or gravel

► iⁿ zhi-ka (í zhika) - stone, gravel [ASG]

► cf. iⁿ (į) - stone, rock; zhi-ka (žíka) - small, little

► Dhegiha: iⁿ-’e zhiⁿ-ga (iⁿe zhiⁿga) - marble, pebble, gravel [Omaha]; iⁿ zhiⁿ-ga (i’ⁿ zhiⁿ-ga) - little stones, gravel, coarse sand [FL-Osage]; iⁿ zhiⁿ-ga (íⁿ zhiⁿga), iⁿ hiⁿ-ga (íⁿ hiⁿga) - gravel, lit. “small stones” [Kaw]

 

rock, stone

► iⁿ (į) - stone, rock

► iⁿ (į) - rock [MS]

► hiⁿ (hį) - rock, stone [FS]

► iⁿ (îⁿ) - rock, stone [ASG]

► ex: iⁿ a-shi (į áši) - on the stone

► ex: iⁿ a-ba-knaⁿ-ta (į́ ábaknątta) - by a stone

► ex: iⁿ koⁿ-ha (į kkǫha) - near the stone

► ex: iⁿ ni-ti spe (į nitti spe) - a stone sinks in water

► ex: iⁿ ta-xde (į́ ttáxde) - coal, lit. “stone charcoal”

► Dhegiha: iⁿ-’e (íⁿ’ĕ) - stone, rock [JOD-Omaha]; iⁿ-’e (iⁿe) - stone, rock [Omaha]; iⁿ (i’ⁿ) - stone; ricky cliff [FL-Osage]; iⁿ (į́į) - rock [CQ-Osage]; iⁿ (iⁿ) - stone, rock [Kaw]

 

Rocky Mountain Sheep

► ta-ska (ttaská) - bighorn sheep, Ovis montana; rocky mountain sheep

► cf. ta (tta) - deer; ska (ska) - white; ta-chʰo-ke (ttačʰóke) - antelope; ta wa-ta-kde (tta wáttakde) - sheep, lit. “domestic deer”

► ex: “hoⁿ! di-te-ke ta-ska pa-hi naⁿ-pe niⁿ,” i-yi i-ya wa-xo-zhi-ka niⁿ-kʰe (“hǫ! díttéke ttaská ppahí ną́ppe nį́,” iyí iyá waxʔóžiká nįkʰé) - at last the old woman said, “Yes, your mother’s brother fears the sight of the head of a Rocky Mountain sheep

► ex: ta-ska miⁿ i-de naⁿ t’e-de (ttaská mį́ íde ną́ tʔé-de) - he sought a Rocky Mountain sheep, and killed one

► ex: wi-te-ke, she-niⁿ-kʰe ta-ska pa-hi miⁿ (wítteké, šénįkʰé ttaská ppahí mį) - my uncle, that thing by you is the head of a Rocky Mountain sheep

► Dhegiha: ta-xti ska (taxti çka) - domestic sheep [Omaha]; ta-xti ska (t͓á-qti skă) - sheep; “white true or real deer” [JOD-Omaha]; ʰta-ska (ṭa-çká) - sheep [FL-Osage]; ʰta-ska (ʰtaaská) - sheep, lit. “white deer” [CQ-Osage]; ta-ska zhiⁿ-ga (taská zhìⁿga) - sheep, lit. “the small white deer”; goat [Kaw]

 

Rocky Mountains

► maⁿ-shi taⁿ-ka (mą́ši ttą́ka) - Rocky Mountains

► maⁿ-shi taⁿ-ka (mûⁿshi tánka) - Rocky M’t’s [ASG]

► maⁿ-shi taⁿ-ka (mąší ttą́ka) - mountain

► cf. maⁿ-shi (mąší) - heaven; upper, upward; high, above; taⁿ-ka (ttą́ka) - big, large

► Dhegiha: maⁿ-shi (máⁿ-ci) - above; high in the air [JOD-Omaha]; moⁿ-shi (móⁿ-shi) - up above; the arch of heaven; zenith [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-shi (mą́ši) - be upward or upright [CQ-Osage]; maⁿ-shi (máⁿshi) - high up, as the sun in the sky [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: toⁿ-ga (toⁿgá) - large, big, great [Omaha/Ponca]; toⁿ-ga (toⁿga) - large, immense, enlargement, big, ample [Omaha]; taⁿ-ga (t͓añ-gá) - large; great [JOD-Omaha]; ʰtoⁿ-ga (ṭoⁿ-gá) - big, large [FL-Osage]; ʰtaⁿ-ka (ʰtą́ka) - big, large, great, grand [CQ-Osage]; taⁿ-ga (táⁿga) - be large, big [Kaw]

 

roll over on something

► a-bi-saⁿ-te zhaⁿ (ábisątte žą́)) - roll over on something; throw oneself down on

► cf. a-bi-saⁿ-te (ábisątte) - catch by pressing on; hold down, e.g., on his back; lie on something; zhaⁿ (žą), zhoⁿ (žǫ) - lie, recline; a-bi-saⁿ-te-zhi (ábisąttéži) - press down on, weight, hold down; o-bi-saⁿ-te (obísątte) - pull something between two objects

► ex: ma-shtiⁿ-ke a-bi-saⁿ-te zhaⁿ (maštį́ke ábisątte žą́) - to throw himself down on a rabbit to catch it

► Dhegiha: a-bi-soⁿ-dse (á-bi-çoⁿ-dse) - to press to the ground [FL-Osage]; a-pi-saⁿ (ápisą) - mash, push down on, shut, close, hold down [CQ-Osage]; a-bu-saⁿ-je (ábusaⁿje) - press down on with the hands, as in catching a bird or rabbit; to press or bear hard on, as with a chair leg; to run and jump on something, wrestle [Kaw]; a-ki-bu-saⁿ-je (ákíbusaⁿje) - to wrestle each other [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: zhoⁿ (zhoⁿ) - recline, lie, lie down, to sleep [Omaha/Ponca]; zhoⁿ (zhoⁿ) - day, night, sleep, day, night, 24-hour period, “a sleep” [Omaha/Ponca]; zhoⁿ (zhoⁿ) - to sleep [FL-Osage]; zhaⁿ (žą́ą) - sleep, go to sleep, lie down to sleep, go to bed, sleep over, stay all night, sleep, night's rest, overnight stay [CQ-Osage]; zhaⁿ (zhaⁿ) - lie down, sleep, recline [Kaw]; zhaⁿ (zhaⁿ) - day, a sleep [Kaw]

 

roll something over and over

► o-di-taⁿ-taⁿ-da (odíttąttą́da) - roll something over and over ► o-bdi-taⁿ-taⁿ-da (obdíttąttą́da) - I, o-ti-taⁿ-taⁿ-da (ottíttąttą́da) - you

► cf. o-di (odí) action by pulling; o-di-taⁿ-da (odíttąda) - turn something, pull around; zhaⁿ-di-taⁿ-da (žą́dittą́da) - wagon, “running wood”; zhaⁿ o-di-taⁿ-da (žą ódittą́da) - wagon, cart; o-bi-taⁿ-taⁿ-da (obíttąttą́da) - roll something repeatedly in something; iⁿ-kde o-ba-toⁿ-da (įkdé obáttǫda) - tumble bug, “dung roller”; o-ka-toⁿ-ta (okáttǫta) - wheel

► Dhegiha: u-thi-ʰtoⁿ-tha (u-thí-ṭoⁿ-tha) - anything propelled by rolling: a wagon, buggy; a carriage; anything that is controlled [FL-Osage]; o-thi-ʰtaⁿ (oðíʰtą) - car, wagon, describes a rolling motion [CQ-Osage]; o-yu-taⁿ-ya (oyútaⁿya), (óyutaⁿya) - wagon, cart [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: thi-ʰtoⁿ-tha (thi-ṭóⁿ-tha) - to roll [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: ʰtoⁿ-tha (ṭoⁿ-tha) - rolling, to roll or make run [FL-Osage]; ʰtaⁿ-tha (ʰtą́ąða) - roll, rolling [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: u-ga-toⁿ-toⁿ-tha (uga toⁿtoⁿtha) - tumble [Omaha]; o-ga-ʰtoⁿ-tha (o-ga-ṭoⁿ-tha) - sent rolling upon the ground [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: u-ba-ʰtoⁿ-tha (u-bá-ṭoⁿ-tha) - to roll, as a heavy object [FL-Osage]; o-ba-taⁿ-ya (obátaⁿya) - roll something, roll something over, to roll something, to roll an object over by pushing, said of the act of the tumblebug and kindred beetles in making balls of manure [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: u-bi-taⁿ-taⁿ-tha (u-bí-t͓aⁿ-t͓áⁿ-¢a) - to bear or lean against a heavy log, etc., making it roll over and over [Omaha/Ponca]; bi-ʰtoⁿ-tha (bi-ṭoⁿ-tha) - rolling [FL-Osage]; we-bi-ʰtoⁿ-tha (wé-bi-ṭoⁿ-tha) - a rolling pin [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: u-ʰki-pa-ʰtoⁿ-tha (u-ḳi-pa-ṭoⁿ-tha) - to roll over and over [FL-Osage]; u-ki-pa-taⁿ (ukípatáⁿ) - rolled himself over [JOD-Omaha]; be-taⁿ-taⁿ (betáⁿtaⁿ) - rolled up several times [JOD-Omaha]; bu-ʰtoⁿ-tha (bu-ṭóⁿ-tha) - to shoot and send rolling [FL-Osage]

 

roll something repeatedly in something

► o-bi-taⁿ-taⁿ-da (obíttąttą́da) - roll something repeatedly in something

► cf. o-di-taⁿ-taⁿ-da (odíttąttą́da) - roll something over and over

► ex: o-bi-taⁿ-taⁿ-da (obíttąttą́da) - he rolled him over and over in it by pressure [JOD]

► ex: naⁿ-ka ti o-naⁿ taⁿ, wa-pa-iⁿ ti o-bi-taⁿ-taⁿ-da niⁿ i-ya maⁿ-tʰo (ną́kka-ttí oną́ tą, wappaį́-tti obíttąttą́da nį iyá mątʰó) - grizzly bear seized the rabbit by the back and rolled him over and over in the blood, they say (it is said) [JOD]

► Dhegiha: u-bi-taⁿ-taⁿ-tha (u-bí-t͓aⁿ-t͓áⁿ-¢a) - to bear or lean against a heavy log, etc., making it roll over and over [JOD-Omaha]; u-ga-toⁿ-toⁿ-tha (uga toⁿtoⁿtha) - tumble [Omaha]; bi-ʰtoⁿ-tha (bi-ṭoⁿ-tha) - rolling [FL-Osage]; we-bi-ʰtoⁿ-tha (wé-bi-ṭoⁿ-tha) - a rolling pin [FL-Osage]; ʰtaⁿ-tha (ʰtą́ąða) - roll, rolling [CQ-Osage]; o-ba-taⁿ-ya (obátaⁿya) - roll something, roll something over, to roll something, to roll an object over by pushing, said of the act of the tumblebug and kindred beetles in making balls of manure [Kaw]

 

roll up, turn over

► a-ki-pa-xta-na (ákkippáxtana) - roll up, turn over ► a-a-ki-pa-xta-na (áakkippáxtana) - I, a-da-ki-pa-xta-na (ádakkippáxtana) - you, oⁿ-ka-ki-pa-xta-na-we (ǫ́kakkippáxtanawe) - we

► cf. a-ki-pa (ákkippa) - meet a person or animal; o-ki-ba-taⁿ (okkíbattą) - together; o-ki-ba-taⁿ-taⁿ (okkíbattą́ttą) - one after another, several in a row or series [JOD]

► ex: a a-ki-pa-xta-na (á ákkippaxtana) - to roll up a sleeve

► ex: niⁿ-te o-di-shiⁿ a-ki-pa-xta-na (nį́tte ódišį ákkippaxtana) - to turn (roll up) the legs of pants

► Dhegiha: a-ki-pa (akipa) - meet [Omaha]; a-ʰki-ʰpa (á-ḳi-p̣a) - to meet another [FL-Osage]; a-ʰki-ʰpa (áʰkiʰpa) - encounter, meet [CQ-Osage]; a-ki-pa (ákipa) - meet [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ʰki-ba-xtha (ḳí-ba-xtha) - meet face to face [FL-Osage]; u-ʰki-ba-xtha (u-ḳí-ba-xtha) - to meet face to face [FL-Osage]; o-ki-ki-ba-xla (okíkibaxla) - meet face to face, coming from opposite directions: said of more than one pair [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: u-ki-pa-toⁿ (ukipatoⁿ) - roll [Omaha]; u-ki-pa-taⁿ (ukípatáⁿ) - rolled himself over [JOD-Omaha]; u-ʰki-ʰpa-ʰtoⁿ-tha (u-ḳi-pa-ṭoⁿ-tha) - to roll over and over [FL-Osage]

 

roll with the palms, twist

► bi-be-bni (bibébni) - twist, roll with the palms ► pi-be-bni (ppíbebni) - I, shpi-be-bni (špíbebni) - you

► cf. be-bniⁿ (bébnį), be-bni (bébni) - twisted, curled, spiral; be-bniⁿ-bniⁿ (bébnįbnį) - twisted round and round; di-be-bniⁿ (dibébnį) - twist with the hands; a-ki-di-be-bniⁿ (ákkidibébnį) - braid, plait a lariat in two strands; ni-zhi-ha di-be-bniⁿ (nižíha dibébnį) - braid hair [MS]; ta-ni di-be-bni (taní dibébni) - cigar, lit. “twisted tobacco”; wa-zhoⁿ-ke ski-de di-be-bni (wašǫ́ke skíde dibébni) - candy, spiral stick candy; o-di-bdi (ódibdí) - spiral motion

► Dhegiha: bi-be-bthiⁿ (bibéb¢iⁿ) - to roll up a napkin, etc., large: to twist a cord large on the knee or between the hands [JOD-Omaha]; bubébliⁿ (bubébliⁿ) - twist until coarse by rubbing or rolling it between hand and knee [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: be-bthiⁿ (bébthiⁿ) - warped, twisted, crooked [Omaha/Ponca]; be-bliⁿ (bébliⁿ) - twisted, course [Kaw]

 

roller, dung roller

► iⁿ-kde o-ba-toⁿ-da (įkdé obáttǫda) - tumble bug, “dung roller”

► cf. iⁿ-kde (įkdé) - dung, manure; o-bi-taⁿ-da (obíttąttą́da) - roll something repeatedly in something; o-di-taⁿ-da (odíttąda) - turn something, pull around; o-di-taⁿ-taⁿ-da (odíttąttą́da) - roll something over and over; o-ka-toⁿ-ta (okáttǫta) - wheel

► Dhegiha: iⁿ-gthu-ba-ʰtoⁿ-tha (iⁿgthú-ba-ṭoⁿ-tha) - the tumbling or dung beetle [FL-Osage]; i-le o-ba-taⁿ-yaⁿ (ilé obatáⁿyaⁿ) - tumblebug, dung beetle [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: iⁿ-gthe (iⁿgthé) - dung, feces, manure, excrement [Omaha/Ponca]; iⁿ-gthe (iⁿgthe) - manure [Omaha]; iⁿ-gthe (iⁿ-gthé) - dung, excrement [FL-Osage]; iⁿ-le (įlé) - excrement, feces, dung, ordure, excretory function, bowels [CQ-Osage]; i-le (ilé) - dung, manure, excrement [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: u-ba-taⁿ-tha (u-bá-t͓aⁿ-¢a) - to roll over, as a barrel, heavy log, hogshead, etc., by pushing it forward [JOD-Omaha]; u-ba-ʰtoⁿ-tha (u-bá-ṭoⁿ-tha) - to roll a log or ny other heavy object [FL-Osage]; o-ba-taⁿ-ya (obátaⁿya) - roll something, roll something over; to roll something, said of the act of the tumblebug and kindred beetles in making balls of manure; to roll an object over by pushing [Kaw]

 

rolling wood, wagon

► zhaⁿ-di-taⁿ-da (žą́dittą́da) - wagon, “running (rolling) wood”

► zhaⁿ o-di-taⁿ-da (žą ódittą́da) - wagon, cart

► zhoⁿ o-di-taⁿ-da (jon-udit-tontah) - cart (char[r]ette) [GI]

► cf. zhaⁿ (žą), zhoⁿ (žǫ) - wood, tree; o-di-taⁿ-da (odíttąda) - turn something, pull around

► ex: zhoⁿ-di-taⁿ-da zhi-ka (žǫ́dittą́da žiká) - small wagon [JOD]

► ex: zhoⁿ-di-taⁿ-da zhi-ka o-kniⁿ a-taⁿ tʰi-we (žǫ́dittą́da žiká oknį áttą tʰíwe) - they came riding in a small wagon [JOD]

► ex: zhoⁿ-di-taⁿ-da so-te (žǫ́dittą́da sotté) - train “wagon go fast” [MS]

► ex: pe-te zhoⁿ-di-taⁿ-da ti (ppétte žǫ́dittą́da ttí) - train, lit. “fire wagon house”

► ex: pe-te zhoⁿ-di-taⁿ-da so-te (pétte žǫ́ditądá sotté) - railroad engine [JOD]

► ex: pe-te zhoⁿ-di-taⁿ-da (ppétte žǫ́dittą́da) - locomotive, lit. “fire wagon”

► ex: pe-te zhoⁿ-di-taⁿ-da o-zhoⁿ-ke (ppétte žǫ́dittą́da ožǫke) - railway lit. “fire wagon road”

► Dhegiha: zhoⁿ (zhoⁿ) - wood, tree [Omaha/Ponca]; zhoⁿ (zhoⁿ) - wood, tree [Omaha]; zhoⁿ (zhoⁿ) - a tree, wood, fuel [FL-Osage]; zhaⁿ (žą́ą) - tree, log, wood, lumber, stick, pole, woods, forest [CQ-Osage]; zhaⁿ (zhaⁿ) - wood, a tree or log [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: thi-ʰtoⁿ-tha (thi-ṭóⁿ-tha) - to roll [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: u-thi-ʰtoⁿ-tha (u-thí-ṭoⁿ-tha) - anything propelled by rolling: a wagon, buggy; a carriage; anything that is controlled [FL-Osage]; o-thi-ʰtaⁿ (oðíʰtą) - car, wagon, describes a rolling motion [CQ-Osage]; o-yu-taⁿ-ya (oyútaⁿya), (óyutaⁿya) - wagon, cart [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ʰtoⁿ-tha (ṭoⁿ-tha) - rolling, to roll or make run [FL-Osage]; ʰtaⁿ-tha (ʰtą́ąða) - roll, rolling [CQ-Osage]

 

rolling, loud rolling thunder

► ka-niⁿ taⁿ-ka (kanįttą́ka) - loud rolling thunder, hard thunder, big thunder

► ka-ni taⁿ-ka (k͓ani tañ́k͓a) - masculine name, Chas Quapaw, son of xi-da ska taⁿ-ka (qid^çá ska tañ́k͓a); Charles Goodeagle’s name [FR, JOD]

► cf. ka-ni (kaní), ka-niⁿ (kanį) - thunder; taⁿ-ka (ttą́ka) - big, large; ka-ni zhi-ka (k͓a-ní ji-k͓á) - Little Thunder (not, Thunder-being), called Ambrose by the white people: a Kwapa man, living in 1877 [JOD]; ka-niⁿ zhi-ka (kanįžíka) - distant thunder, little thunder; ka-ni-ni (kaníni), ka-niⁿ-niⁿ (kanįnį́) - thunder, thundering

 

 

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