English to Quapaw Dictionary

Q

 

quadruped, She Calls the Quadrupeds

► te-tʰi naⁿ (ttetʰí ną) - female name, She Calls the Quadrupeds, they (Quapaw) name one female te-tʰi naⁿ (ttetʰí ną), which points to a belief that there have been persons who could call the quadrupeds in a mysterious manner, compelling them to approach within shooting distance of the hunter [JOD]

► cf. te (tte) - buffalo; tʰi (tʰi) - arrive, to have come here; naⁿ (ną), noⁿ (nǫ) - habitual postclitic

► Dhegiha: te-ti (t͓é-ti) - animals to come [JOD-Omaha]; te-ti wa-xe (t͓é-ti wá-xe) - to call the animals, making them approach [JOD-Omaha]; te-ti wa-xe hnaⁿ (t͓éti-wáxe-hnaⁿ) - used to make the animals come by calling [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: te (te) - buffalo [Omaha/Ponca]; te (te) - buffalo; ʰtse (ṭse) - bison [FL-Osage]; ʰtse (ʰcée) - buffalo [CQ-Osage]; tse (ce) - buffalo, usually the cow [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ti (tí) - to have come hither, had come [JOD-Omaha]; ʰtsi (ṭsi) - to come, has come [FL-Osage]; tsʰi (cʰí), a-tsʰi (acʰí) - arrive here, come here, motion accomplished, reach as a location or place, initial a is sometimes omitted in 3^rd person forms and normally omitted in imoeratives [CQ-Osage]; chi (chi) - arrive over here; arrive at a place not one’s home for the first time [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: hnaⁿ (hnaⁿ) - habitually [JOD-Omaha]; noⁿ (noⁿ) - usually, customarily [FL-Osage]; naⁿ (ną), noⁿ (nǫ) - always, repeatedly, habitually, customarily, usually, recurringly, continually, continue to, used to [CQ-Osage]; hnaⁿ (hnaⁿ) - habitual aspect; usually; always generally; used to, it used to be so [Kaw]

 

quail

► shi-shta (šíšta) - quail

► shi-shta (šíšta) - quail [MS]

► cf. sho-shta (šóšta), shu-shta (šúšta) - quail, partridge; shi-o-shta (šióšta) - partridge; sho taⁿ-ka (šo ttą́ka) - prairie hen, pinnated grouse

► Dhegiha: u-shi-wa-the (úshiwáthe) - quail [Omaha/Ponca]; u-shi-wa-the (úshiwathe) - quail; Bobwhite quail [Omaha]; u-shi-tsi-the wa-ga-xe (ú-shi-tsi-the wa-ga-xe) - the quail, called so from its sudden noisy and startling flight [FL-Osage]; o-she-tsʰi-the wa-ka-xe (óšecʰiðe wakáaγe) - quail [CQ-Osage]; shoⁿ-ʰpa-gthe-ze (shóⁿ-p̣a-gthe-çe) - quail; bobwhite; striped headed; zhoⁿ-ʰpa-le-ze (žǫʰpáleze) - quail, stripe headed quail, bobwhite [CQ-Osage]; pa-ko-wi zhiⁿ-ga (pakówi zhíⁿga) - quail [Kaw]; shu-taⁿ-ga (shútaⁿga) - prairie chicken, quail [Kaw]; maⁿ-no-yiⁿ (máⁿnoyiⁿ) - another name for quail [Kaw]

 

► sho-shta (šóšta), shu-shta (šúšta) - quail, partridge

► cf. shi-shta (šíšta) - quail; shi-o-shta (šióšta) - partridge; sho taⁿ-ka (šo ttą́ka) - prairie hen, pinnated grouse

► Dhegiha: shu (shu) - prairie hen, prairie chicken [Omaha/Ponca]; shu (shu) - prairie chicken; lesser chicken [Omaha]; shu (cú), shyu (cyu) - the prairie hen, prairie chicken [JOD-Omaha]; shu (shu) - prairie chicken, lesser chicken [Kaw]; shu-taⁿ-ga (shútaⁿga) - prairie chicken, quail [Kaw]

 

quake, earthquake

► ma-ni-ka di-haⁿ-haⁿ (maníkka dihą́hą) - earthquake

► cf. ma-ni-ka (maníkka) - earth, soil, ground; di-hoⁿ-hoⁿ (dihǫ́hǫ) - shake something

► Dhegiha: maⁿ-thiⁿ-ka (maⁿ-¢íñ-ka) - earth, soil [JOD-Omaha]; moⁿ-thiⁿ-ʰka (moⁿ-thíⁿ-ḳa), moⁿ-iⁿ-ʰka (moⁿ-íⁿ-ḳa) - ground, earth, soil, clay, mud [FL-Osage]; moⁿ-thiⁿ-ʰka (mǫðįʰka), maⁿ-iⁿ-ʰka (mą́įʰka) - soil, ground, earth, clay, mud, dirt [CQ-Osage]; maⁿ-yiⁿ-ka (maⁿyíⁿka) - earth, ground, clay, soil [Kaw]

► Dehgiha: toⁿ-de shkoⁿ (tóⁿde shkoⁿ) - earthquake [Omaha]; moⁿ-zhoⁿ shkoⁿ (moⁿ-zhóⁿ shkoⁿ) - earthquake [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-zhaⁿ shkaⁿ (mąžą́ šką́) - earthquake, lit. “earth move” [CQ-Osage]; maⁿ-yiⁿ-ka shkaⁿ (maⁿyíⁿka shkáⁿ) - earthquake, lit. “the earth moves” [Kaw]

 

quantity, equal in quantity or number

► kaⁿ-ze a-na (kką́ze ána) - equal in quantity or number

► cf. kaⁿ-ze (kką́ze), koⁿ-ze (kkǫ́ze) - equal in; kaⁿ-ze a-na-ska (kką́ze ánaska) - of equal size; kaⁿ-ze a-tʰaⁿ (kką́ze átʰą) - of equal length; kaⁿ-ze a-tʰaⁿ-ha (kką́ze átʰąha) - equal or like depth; kaⁿ-ze a-tʰaⁿ-ka (kką́ze atʰąkká) - of equal height; koⁿ-ze e-koⁿ (kkǫ́ze ékǫ), koⁿ-ze e-kaⁿ (kkǫ́ze eką), koⁿ-ze a-kaⁿ (kkǫ́ze áką) - similar, alike; koⁿ-ze e-koⁿ a-zhi (kkǫ́ze ékǫ áži) - copy, write over again; koⁿ-ze a-kaⁿ-kʰi-de (kkǫ́ze ákąkʰíde) - treat the same, get even with

► Dhegiha: go-ze e-na (góze éna) - equal, even in number or quantity, an even number [Kaw]

 

quantity, half number or quantity

► o-di-shte (odíšte) - half (number or quantity)

► cf. o-di-shte (odíšte) - saw, split by sawing

► Dhegiha: u-thi-stse-ge (u-thi-stse-ge) - split [FL-Osage]; o-yu-stse-ge (oyúscege) - pull apart, split by pulling [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: u-ʰki-stse (u-ḳí-stse), u-ʰki-ste (u-ḳi-çte) - half [FL-Osage]; o-ʰki-stse(oʰkísce) - half of anything, half dollar [CQ-Osage]

 

quantity, half that quantity or many

► miⁿ-de-naⁿ (mįdéną) - half that many, half that quantity

► cf. miⁿ-de (mįdé) - half (of that measure); e-naⁿ (éną) - only that; miⁿ-de-tʰaⁿ-ka (mįdétʰąká) - half that height; miⁿ-de-tʰaⁿ-ha (mįdétʰąha) - half that depth; miⁿ-de-tʰoⁿ (mįdétʰǫ), miⁿ-de-toⁿ (mįdéttǫ) - half that length; miⁿ-de-na-ska (mįdénaska) - half that size

► Dhegiha: wiⁿ-de-na (wiⁿdéna) - half, half the amount of a collective substance [Omaha/Ponca]; wiⁿ-de-na-ska (wiⁿdénaska) - half size, half that size, half as big [Omaha/Ponca]; wiⁿ-de-thoⁿ-ska (wiⁿdéthoⁿska) - half, half the size, half as big [Omaha/Ponca]; wiⁿ-de-tʰoⁿ (wiⁿdétʰoⁿ) - half, half full, half the length [Omaha/Ponca]

 

quantity, that quantity or amount

► koi-she-naⁿ (kóišeną́) - that amount, that quantity

► cf. koi (kói) - there, that; koi-she (kóiše) - that; that part; aforementioned words or manner; she-naⁿ (šéną) - enough, more; she (šé) - that [JOD]; e-naⁿ (éną) - only that

► ex: koi-she naⁿ (koišé ną) - is that all? [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ka-she-naⁿ (kaašéną) - closing of a prayer, amen, be ended, finished, that’s all, something is finished [CQ-Osage]; ga-she-hnaⁿ (gashéhnaⁿ) - that’s all, just this much, that is enough [Kaw]

 

quantity, this quantity

► de-she-naⁿ (dešeną́) - quantity, this much, this many

► cf. de (de) - this; she-naⁿ (šéną) - enough, more; ka-she-naⁿ (kašéną) - that’s all, that is enough, just this much, be ended, finished, that’s all, something is finished; koi-she-naⁿ (kóišeną́) - that amount, that quantity; kaⁿ-ze a-na (kką́ze ána) - equal in quantity or number; miⁿ-de-naⁿ (mįdéną) - half that many or quantity

► Dhegiha: she-noⁿ (shenoⁿ) - enough [Omaha]; the-noⁿ (thé-noⁿ) - this much [FL-Osage]; ka-she-naⁿ (kaašéną) - be ended, finished, that’s all, something is finished, closing of a prayer, amen [CQ-Osage]; ga-she-hnaⁿ (gashéhnaⁿ) - that’s all, that is enough, just this much [Kaw]; ye-naⁿ (yénaⁿ), ye-noⁿ (yénoⁿ) - this many, this much, this number [Kaw]

 

Quapaw

► o-ka-xpa (okáxpa), o-ga-xpa (ogáxpa) - Quapaw [MS, AB, OM]

► o-ka-xpa  (okáxpa) - Quapaw, people who went downstream, Quapaw gens (clan) of the same tribe, Dwelt on right side of tribal circle

► o-ka-xpa (o ̇GáxBa) - Quapaw [person or tribe] [FS]

► cf. o-ka-xpa i-de (okáxpa idé) - south, wind or quarter, conveys idea of going downstream; ka-xpa (káxpa) - south wind; o-ka-xpa-ki-de (okáxpakkíde) - be adopted as a Quapaw; o-ka-xpa-xti (okáxpaxti) - town name: “Real Quapaws”, one of the 5 villages; spelled Kappa, Cappa, Cappaha, etc.; o-ka-xpa-de (okáxpade) - knock off, cause to fall off

► Dhegiha: u-ga-xpa (ugaxpa) - Quapaw Tribe [Omaha]; u-ga-xpa (u-gá-qpa) - “those who went down the stream,” the kwapas or Quapaws, they were known to the Illinois tribes as the “Arkansas” or “Alkansas”, the Ponkas and Omahas us “ugaha” where the Kwapas do “ugaqpa,” to denote motion down a stream, with the current, the opposite term in “k͓imaⁿhaⁿ” [JOD-Omaha]; u-ga-xpa ga-xa (u-gá-xpa ga-xa) - Quapaw Creek, Okla [FL-Osage]; o-ka-xpa (okáxpa) - Quapaw Indians [CQ-Osage]; o-ga-xpa (ogáxpa) - Quapaw tribe or people, “The down-stream people,” so called because their ancestors went down the Mississippi, while the Omahas, Ponca, Osages, and Kansa, went up that stream, after leaving the mouth of the Ohio (River). The Ogáxpa or Kwapas have been called Shappas, Shapahas, Kapahas, Quappas, Quapaws, etc. They were also known in early colonial days as the Akansa or Arkansa [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ga-xpa (gá-xpa) - east; the east, where the sun rises [FL-Osage]; ga-xpa dsi (gá-xpa dsi) - where rises the sun in the east, old shóⁿ-ge-moⁿ-iⁿ said that originally this meant the setting sun, but by careless reciting, where the term appears in the fire wí-gi-e, the meaning was changed to the rising sun [FL-Osage]; ʰta-dse ga-xpa tse (ṭá-dse ga-xpa tse) - east wind; east [FL-Osage]

 

Quapaw Agency, IT

► pa-saⁿ-ta (pásątta) - Pine Bluff, Quapaw Agency, IT

► cf. pa-saⁿ (pásą) - pine; pa-saⁿ hi (pasąhi) - pine tree

► Dhegiha: pa-zaⁿ ʰta hu (pázą ʰtá hu) - east wind, fall winds, lit. “comes from the pines” [CQ-Osage]; ba-zaⁿ-ta (bázaⁿta), pa-zo-ta (pázota) - east, east wind; deity of the east wind, power of east wind, lit: “toward the pines” [Kaw]; ba-zaⁿ-ta o-ga-xle (bázaⁿta ogáxle) - eastward, facing east [Kaw]

 

Quapaw lunar calendar

► zhoⁿ-xda zhi-te (žǫ́xda žítte) - month in the Quapaw lunar calendar, when the buds are red

► cf. zhaⁿ (žą), zhoⁿ (žǫ) - wood, tree; zhoⁿ-xda zhi-te hi (žǫ́xda žítte hi) - redbud tree; zhoⁿ-xda (žǫxdá) - bud; zhi-te (žítte) - red

 

► zhoⁿ-shti-we da-tʰe (žǫštíwe datʰé) - month in the Quapaw lunar calendar, shti-we (štíwe) untranslated, not found elsewhere may mean ‘straight’ or ‘soft’; may refer to the beaver

► cf. da-tʰe (datʰé) - eat, chew

 

► mi-wa-she shka (miwáše šká) - month in the Quapaw lunar calendar, when the wa-xo-ka taⁿ-ka (waxóka ttą́ka), ‘dewberries’ are ripe in Summer

► cf. wa-she (wašé) - rich, be rich; o-she (óše) - plentiful, plenty, a lot; ka-wa-she (kawáše) - make in abundance

 

► wa-sa zhoⁿ aⁿ-he (wasá žǫ́ ąhé) - month in the Quapaw lunar calendar, early Winter or late Autumn, precedes sni-wa-te o-skaⁿ-ska (sniwáte oską́ska)

► cf. wa-sa (wasá) - black bear; zhoⁿ (žǫ), zhaⁿ (žą) - sleep, lie, recline; oⁿ-he (ǫhé) - lay sg/ly/in inside something, put

 

► sni-wa-te o-skaⁿ-ska (sniwáte oską́ska) - month in the Quapaw lunar calendar, early Winter, precedes pa-de o-skaⁿ-ska (páde oską́ska)

► cf. sni-wa-te (sníwatte) - winter [FR, OM]; sni-wa-te (sníwatte) sni-wa-te - cold weather [MS, AG]; (sníwatte) - winter, north; sni-wa-te (sniwátte) - power of winter (male); o-skaⁿ-ska (oskąská) - half (in length)

► Dhegiha: ʰni-wa-ʰtse (ʰní-wa-ṭse) - cold weather, a cold day [FL-Osage]; ni-wa-ʰtse (níwaʰce) - be cold, an impersonal weather expression, not used for people [CQ-Osage]; hni-wa-tse (hniwace) - cold, as the weather, winter, the cold months, approximately September - February [Kaw]

 

► pa-de o-skaⁿ-ska (páde oską́ska) - midwinter, name of one of the months in the Quapaw lunar calendar, precedes zhaⁿ-to ti-te (žą́tto ttítte)

► cf. pa-de (páde) - winter; pa-de taⁿ (pádettą) - wintertime, when it is winter; o-skaⁿ-ska (oskąská) - half (in length)

► Dhegiha: ma-the (máthe) - winter, year [Omaha/Ponca]; ba-the (bá-the) - winter [FL-Osage]; pa-the (paðé) - winter [CQ-Osage]

 

► zhaⁿ-to ti-te (žą́tto títte) - month in the Quapaw lunar calendar, perhaps Spring, precedes pa-shte ti-te (ppašté titté)

► cf. zhaⁿ to-hi (žą ttohi) - mulberry tree [MS]; ti-te (títte) - ripe, cooked

 

► pa-shte ti-te (pašté titté) - month in the Quapaw lunar calendar

► cf. pa-shte-ka (paštéka) - strawberry; ti-te (títte) - ripe, cooked

 

Quapaw, original Quapaw towns

► When the Kwapa were discovered by the French they dwelt in five villages, described by the early chroniclers as the Imaha (Imaham, Imahao), Capaha, Toriman, Tonginga (Doginga, Topinga), and Southois (Atotchasi, Ossouteouez). Three of these village names are known to all the tribe: 1, o-ka-xpa-xti (uʞáqpa-qti), Real Kwapa; 2, ti-o-a-di-maⁿ (tí-u-á-d¢i-maⁿ) (Toriman), tí-u-a-d¢í maⁿ (of Mrs Stafford); 3, o-zo ti-o-we (u-zú-ti-ú-wĕ) (Southois, etc). The fourth was taⁿ-waⁿ zhi-ka (taⁿ́waⁿ jíʞa), Small village. Judging from analogy and the fact that the fifth village, i-ma-ha (imaha), was the farthest up Arkansas river, that village name must have meant, as did the term Omaha, the upstream people. [JOD]

 

► i-maⁿ-ha (imąha), i-ma-ha (imaha) - a Quapaw village, the ‘up river’ Quapaw village

► i-ma-ha (ímăha) - a band of Omaha, or perhaps more probably Kwâpâ, who lived with the Kä́dohadä́cho, but retained their own distinct language. There are still a few living with the Caddo, but they retain only the name. It will be remembered that when the Caddo lived in eastern Louisiana the Arkansas or Kwâpâ were their nearest neighbors on the north, and these Imaha may have been a part of the Kwâpâ who lived “upstream” (úmañhañ) on the Arkansas. The Caddo call the Omaha tribe by the same name. [J. Mooney-Caddo]

► ma-ha (maha) - The following account of the Gappa Nation was received from Baptiste Imbeau, an aged French Creole, who heard it from Paheka (Dry-Head), grandfather of Heckaton, the present principal Chief. “When we abandoned our former lands, we sat out without knowing whither we were going. Our motive for leaving the country we occupied was the scarcity of game. We were too numerous at that time; we had as many as 1600 warriors. On arriving at the mouth of the Ohio River (nÿ tonka), our chiefs determined on separating the nation, in order to procure the means of subsistence with greater facility. Our former name was Mahas. Those who followed the chief Wajinka-sa (black-bird) retained that appellation and now inhabit the country on the upper waters of the Missouri. Our chief, whose name was Pa-heka, chose to alter our name, and called us Gappa. [G. Izard]

► cf. ki-maⁿ-haⁿ (kímąhą) - against the wind or current; ki-maⁿ-haⁿ o-ka-xde (kkímąhą okáxde) - face upstream, face the wind; i-maⁿ (imą́) - the other; i-maⁿ-ta (imą́tta) - at or on the other side

► Dhegiha: u-ma-ha (u-má-ha), u-maⁿ-haⁿ (umaⁿ-haⁿ) - “those that went upstream,” the Omahas, a tribe of the ¢egiha group of the Siouan Family, see Pañka, Wajaje, K͓aⁿze, and Ugaqpa [JOD-Omaha]; u-moⁿ-hoⁿ (u-móⁿ-hoⁿ) - the Osage name for Omaha [FL-Osage]; o-maⁿ-haⁿ (omą́hą) - Omaha (tribe or tribal member) [CQ-Osage]; o-ma-ha (omáha), oⁿ-moⁿ-hoⁿ (oⁿmóⁿhoⁿ) - Omaha tribe or people, “those who went upstream,” so called because they (as well as the Ponca, Osage, and Kansa) went up stream when they left the Quapaw [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: i-moⁿ (í-moⁿ) - the other one [FL-Osage]; i-maⁿ (ímą) - which, other [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: i-moⁿ-kshe (imoⁿkshe) - the other of the two [FL-Osage]; i-maⁿ-kshe (ímąkše) - other [CQ-Osage]; i-maⁿ-cʰe (ímącʰe) - next (one), other (one) [CQ-Osage]; i-maⁿ-the (ímąðe) - one or the other [CQ-Osage]; i-maⁿ-ʰta-ha (ímąʰtaha), i-ma-ʰta-ha (ímaʰtaha) - the other way [CQ-Osage]

 

► o-ka-xpa-xti (okáxpaxti) - town name: “Real Quapaws”, one of the 5 villages; spelled Kappa, Cappa, Cappaha, etc.

► ga-pa (gappa) - The following account of the Gappa Nation was received from Baptiste Imbeau, an aged French Creole, who heard it from Paheka (Dry-Head), grandfather of Heckaton, the present principal Chief. “When we abandoned our former lands, we sat out without knowing whither we were going. Our motive for leaving the country we occupied was the scarcity of game. We were too numerous at that time; we had as many as 1600 warriors. On arriving at the mouth of the Ohio River (nÿ tonka), our chiefs determined on separating the nation, in order to procure the means of subsistence with greater facility. Our former name was Mahas. Those who followed the chief Wajinka-sa (black-bird) retained that appellation and now inhabit the country on the upper waters of the Missouri. Our chief, whose name was Pa-heka, chose to alter our name, and called us Gappa. [G. Izard]

► cf. o-ka-xpa (okáxpa) - Quapaw; xti (xti) - very, real, fully; o-ka-xpa-de (okáxpade) - knock off, cause to fall off; o-ka-xpa i-de (okáxpa idé) - south, wind or quarter, conveys idea of going downstream; ka-xpa (káxpa) - south wind

► Dhegiha: u-ga-xpa (u-gá-qpa) - “those who went downstream,” the Kwapas or Quapaws, they were known to the Illinois tribes as the “Arkansas” or “Alkansas” [JOD-Omaha]; u-ga-xpa (ugaxpa) - Quapaw Tribe [Omaha]; u-ga-xpa ga-xa (u-gá-xpa ga-xa) - Quapaw Creek, Okla [FL-Osage]; o-ka-xpa (okáxpa) - Quapaw Indians [CQ-Osage]; o-ga-xpa (ogáxpa) - Quapaw tribe or people, “the down-stream people,” so called because their ancestors went down the Mississippi, while the Omahas, Ponca, Osages, and Kansa, went up that stream, after leaving the mouth of the Ohio (River). The Ogáxpa or Kwapas have been called Shappas, Shapahas, Kapahas, Quappas, Quapaws, etc. They were also known in early colonial days as the Akansa or Arkansa [Kaw]

 

► o-zo ti-o-hi (ozó ttióhi) - bottom land near a river, down on bottom

► o-zo ti-o-we (ozó ttiowé) - bottom land with trees, name of one of the original Quapaw towns

► Dhegiha: u-zu (u-çú) - lowland forest [FL-Osage]; o-zo (ozó) - lowland, low wooded level [CQ-Osage]; o-zo (ozó) - 1) wooded area, bottom land with timber; timber; ozó táⁿga éji ayé góⁿyabe che aó, paháⁿle ché. They first desired to go to an extensive bottom land, abounding in timber, where Junction City now stands; 2) hilltops JOD uses this term in reference to the noⁿnóⁿbahu tó, “a kind of grape or berry found on the ozú (hill tops)” but the term more commonly refers to lowlands, as in sense 1. [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: u-zu u-gthoⁿ (ú-çu-u-gthoⁿ) - lowland forest in the bend of a stream [FL-Osage]; u-zu i-ha zhiⁿ-ga (u-çú-i-ha zhiⁿ-ga) - at one time there was a large bend in the stream, which was nearly closed; the meaning of the name is small mouth; it is near the u-zu (u-çu) or woods, what is known as Bartlesville, Kans. This was the site of the fourth camp in the fisrt trail, also of the third trail [FL-Osage]; o-zo-liⁿ (ozóliⁿ) - village in the bottom land with timber, the name of a village, literally, “they live in the timber”. JOD identifies this as a proper town, that is, it refers to a specific village, also called cexúliⁿ ‘village on a highland or lowland level, destitute of trees.’ The second name seems to contradict the first name but MR’s comments might be intended to clarify: “There used to be three branches, like Pawhuska, and some of them lived in that and some of them lived along the creek, Gaxó’oliⁿ and Zaⁿjóliⁿ. Those people lived in the [_?_], why they used to live north of Kaw there, at Washunga there. And those others, they used to [_?_] on top of the hill. And I think they called Waxága-oliⁿ ‘where the cactus grows.’ Zaⁿjóliⁿ is where they live in the timber, zaⁿjé. And Gaxá-oliⁿ, they used to live along the edge of [creek?] over there at Washunga.” [Kaw]

 

► taⁿ-waⁿ zhi-ka (ttą́wą žíka) - small town, name of one of the five original Quapaw towns

► cf. taⁿ-waⁿ (ttą́wą), toⁿ-waⁿ (ttǫ́wą) - town, village; toⁿ (ttǫ) - town, contraction of taⁿ-waⁿ (ttą́wą); zhi-ka (žíka) - small, little

► Dhegiha: ʰtoⁿ-woⁿ zhiⁿ-ga (ṭóⁿ-woⁿ zhiⁿ-ga) - a small town; a hamlet; Little Village, an old village of the Osage on the Neosho River, near the mouth of wa-gthú-shka i-a bi (a creek) [FL-Osage]; ʰtaⁿ-waⁿ zhiⁿ-ka (ʰtą́wą žįka) - Little Village, an old village of the Osage on the Neosho River [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: taⁿ-waⁿ (táⁿ-waⁿ) - a cluster of lodges, a camp, village, or Indian town [JOD-Omaha/Ponca]; toⁿ-woⁿ (tóⁿwoⁿ) - camp, village, town; cluster of lodges, Indian town [Omaha/Ponca]; ʰtoⁿ-woⁿ (ṭoⁿ-woⁿ) - a town or city [FL-Osage]; ʰtaⁿ-waⁿ (ʰtą́wą) - town [CQ-Osage]; taⁿ-maⁿ (táⁿmaⁿ) - town, camp, village, settlement, city [Kaw]

 ► ti-o-a-di-maⁿ (ttíoádimą) - one of the five original Quapaw villages mentioned in early French narratives, often spelled Toriman or Thoriman by the French

 

quarter, hindquarters

► ni-te (nik-teh) - buttocks, rump, hindquarters (fesses) [GI]

► ni-te (nítte), niⁿ-te (nį́tte) - buttocks, rear [MS, OM]

► ni-te (nítte) - buttocks

► ex: ni-te-a-zho (nitteážo), niⁿ-te-a-zho (nįtteážo) - rump, buttocks

► ex: ni-te ka-zhi (nítte káži) - toilet paper

► ex: te ni-te shiⁿ (tte nítte šį) - buffalo rump fat [JOD]

► ex: he-zi-ka niⁿ-te ski-ta (hézikka nį́tte skítta) - wasp

► ex: niⁿ-te o-di-shiⁿ (nį́tte ódišį) - pants, trousers

► Dhegiha: niⁿ-de (nínde) - rump, hams [JOD-Omaha]; ni-dse (ní-dse) - haunch; body; the lower part of the back; the hips; rump [FL-Osage]

 

quarter, south wind or quarter

► o-ka-xpa i-de (okáxpa idé) - south wind or quarter, conveys idea of going downstream [JOD]

► o-ka-xpa i-de (okáxpa idé) - south [MS]

► cf. o-ka-xpa (okáxpa), o-ga-xpa (ogáxpa) - Quapaw, people who went downstream, Quapaw gens (clan) of the same tribe, Dwelt on right side of tribal circle; o-ka-xpa-de (okáxpade) - knock off, cause to fall off; o-ka-xpa-ki-de (okáxpakkíde) - be adopted as a Quapaw; o-ka-xpa-xti (okáxpaxti) - town name: “Real Quapaws”, one of the 5 villages; spelled Kappa, Cappa, Cappaha, etc.

► Dhegiha: u-ga-xpa (ugaxpa) - Quapaw Tribe [Omaha]; u-ga-xpa (u-gá-qpa) - “those who went down the stream,” the kwapas or Quapaws, they were known to the Illinois tribes as the “Arkansas” or “Alkansas”, the Ponkas and Omahas us “ugaha” where the Kwapas do “ugaqpa,” to denote motion down a stream, with the current, the opposite term in “k͓imaⁿhaⁿ” [JOD-Omaha]; u-ga-xpa ga-xa (u-gá-xpa ga-xa) - Quapaw Creek, Okla [FL-Osage]; o-ka-xpa (okáxpa) - Quapaw Indians [CQ-Osage]; o-ga-xpa (ogáxpa) - Quapaw tribe or people, “The down-stream people,” so called because their ancestors went down the Mississippi, while the Omahas, Ponca, Osages, and Kansa, went up that stream, after leaving the mouth of the Ohio (River). The Ogáxpa or Kwapas have been called Shappas, Shapahas, Kapahas, Quappas, Quapaws, etc. They were also known in early colonial days as the Akansa or Arkansa [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ga-xpa (gá-xpa) - east; the east, where the sun rises [FL-Osage]; ga-xpa dsi (gá-xpa dsi) - where rises the sun in the east, old shóⁿ-ge-moⁿ-iⁿ said that originally this meant the setting sun, but by careless reciting, where the term appears in the fire wí-gi-e, the meaning was changed to the rising sun [FL-Osage]; ʰta-dse ga-xpa tse (ṭá-dse ga-xpa tse) - east wind; east [FL-Osage]

 

quarter, the name of the west wind or quarter (possibly south)

► a-k’a i-de (ákʔa idé) - the name of the west wind or quarter

► a-k’a i-de (ákʔa idé) - south [MS]

► cf. a-ka-hi-da (ákahída) - downstream, downwind, with the wind or current; a-ka-hi-da (akahidah) - New Orleans (Nouvelle Orléans) [GI]; a-ka-hi-da o-ka-xde (ákahída okáxde) - facing downstream; with his back to the wind; a-ka-hi-da-ta-de-de (ákahídattadéde) - southeast, location or direction

► Dhegiha: a-’a (á-’a) - south wind [Omaha/Ponca]; a-’a (á-’a) - the south wind, an archaic word [JOD-Omaha]; a-ʰk’a (á-ḳ’a) - south; the south wind [FL-Osage]; ʰta-dse a-ʰk’a tse (ṭá-dse a-k’a tse) - south wind; south [FL-Osage]; a-ʰk’a-dsi (á-ḳ’a-dsi) - archaic name for south [FL-Osage]; a-ʰk’a-hiu-e (á-ḳ’a-hiu-e) - wind is from the south [FL-Osage]; a-k’a-hu-e (ákʔahúe) - south wind [CQ-Osage]; a-k’a (ák’a) - south, south wind; deity of the south wind, power of the south wind [Kaw]; a-k’a zhiⁿ-ga (ák’a zhíⁿga), a-k’a-hiⁿ-ga (ák’ahiⁿga) - west, west wind; deity of the west wind, power of the south wind [Kaw]; a-k’o-ye (ák’oye) - west wind
[Kaw]

 

quarter, two bits

► de-ska-de naⁿ-pa (déskade nąpá) - quarter, two bits

► de-ska-de noⁿ-ba (déskade nǫbá) - twenty-five cents, quarter [OM]

► de-ska-da noⁿ-ba (déskada nǫbá) - quarter, twenty-five cents [LQ]

► cf. de-ska-de (déskade) - bit, 12 and a half cents, Muskogean skali “money”, Fr. escalin “shilling”; naⁿ-pa (ną́pa), noⁿ-pa (nǫ́pa), noⁿ-ba (nǫ́ba) - two; de-ska-de miⁿ-xti (déskade mį́xti) - dime, ten cents; de-ska-de to-wa (déskade towá) - half dollar, four bits, fifty cents [LQ]; de-ska-de sha-pe (déskade šappé) - seventy-five cents

 

queen, Angel Queen

► haⁿ-ka mi te-xi (hą́ka mi ttéxi) - female name, Angel Queen [MS]

► haⁿ-ka mi te-xi (hą́ka mi ttéxi) - female name, Fannie Goodeagle Richards mother’s name [FR]

► haⁿ-ka mi te-xi (hañk͓a mi téqi) - female name, Difficult Female Haⁿ-ka [JOD]

► cf. haⁿ-ka (hą́ka) - ancestral gens, first gens; mi-te-xi (mittéxi) - difficult female [JOD]; mi (mi), miⁿ (mį) - female, sometimes contracted as iⁿ (-į) in names; te-xi (ttéxi) - difficult

► Dhegiha: haⁿ-ka miⁿ ʰtse-xi (hą́ka mį́į ʰcéxį) - female name, The Favored [Osage]; haⁿ-ga mi tse-xi (háⁿga mi céxi) - female name [Kaw]

 

Quercus macrocarpa, burr oak

► ta-shka hi (ttaškáhi) - burr oak, Quercus macrocarpa

► cf. ta-shka (ttašká) - acorn of the burr oak; hi (hi) - tree, bush, vine, stalk, leg

► Dhegiha: ta-shka hi (táshkahi) - white oak tree [Omaha/Ponca]; ʰta-shka ska hi  (ṭá-shka çka hi) - white oak tree [FL-Osage]; ʰta-shka hi (ṭá-shka hi) - buckeye (Aesculus), a kind of tea is made from this tree and taken just before a sweat bath to bring up bile, this is also the name given to the white oak tree [FL-Osage]; ta-shka hu (táshka hu) - the burr oak [Kaw]; ʰta-shka skiu-e hi  (ṭa-shká-çkiu-e hi) - a sweet acorn tree, the oak family (Quercus alba) [FL-Osage]

 

Quercus marilandia, blackjack oak

► zhaⁿ-ha di-sha-sha-ke hi (žąhá díšašákehi) - blackjack oak, Q. marilandia

► cf. zhoⁿ-ha (žǫhá), zhaⁿ-ha (žąhá) - bark of a tree; hi (hi) - tree, bush, vine, stalk, leg

► Dhegiha: zhoⁿ-ha (zhóⁿha) - bark, tree bark (on the tree) [Omaha/Ponca]; zhoⁿ-ha (zhóⁿ-ha) - the outer bark of a tree [FL-Osage]; zhaⁿ-ha (žą́ą háa) - outer bark of a tree [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: hi (hi) - stalk, stem, trunk, leg, tooth [Omaha/Ponca]; hi (hi) - tree trunk, plant stalk, plant vine, tooth, leg [Omaha]; hi (hi), hiu (hiu) - trunk of a tree, vines, stalks of plants, a leg [FL-Osage]; hu (hú), hiu (hiú), hi (hi) - trunk, stalk, leg [CQ-Osage]; hu (hu) - trunk of a tree, vine, limb, leg [Kaw]

 

Quercus stellata post oak

► zhoⁿ xo-te (žǫ xótte) - post oak, Q. stellata

► zhaⁿ xo-te (žą xótte) - gray tree [MS]

► cf. zhaⁿ (žą), zhoⁿ (žǫ) - wood, tree; xo-te (xótte) - gray

► Dhegiha: zhoⁿ xu-dse (zhóⁿ-xu-dse) - white oak [FL-Osage]; zhoⁿ xu-dse (zhoⁿ xú-dse) - gray oak tree (Quercus borealis), oak tree [FL-Osage]; zhoⁿ xo-dse hi (zhóⁿ-xo-dse hi) - the gray tree, the post oak, this tree is sometimes known as the iron oak, but should not be confused with ironwood [FL-Osage]; zhaⁿ xo-je hu (zháⁿ xoje hú) - white oak tree, lit. “gray wood tree”, the white oak, it has a large trunk, about 2 1/2 ft. in diameter [Kaw]

 

Quercus velutina, black oak

► zhaⁿ sha (žǫšá) - black oak, Q. velutina

► zhaⁿ sha (žą šá) - black tree [MS]

► cf. zhaⁿ (žą), zhoⁿ (žǫ) - wood, tree; sha (ša) - dark, indistinct black

► Dhegiha: zhoⁿ sha-be hi (zhóⁿ sha-be hi) - dark wood, the redbud or Judas tree (Cercis Canadensis) [FL-Osage]; zhaⁿ sha-be hu (zháⁿ shabe hu) - redbud tree, lit. “the dark wood tree” [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: zhoⁿ (zhoⁿ) - wood, tree [Omaha/Ponca]; zhoⁿ (zhoⁿ) - wood, tree [Omaha]; zhoⁿ (zhoⁿ) - a tree, wood, fuel [FL-Osage]; zhaⁿ (žą́ą) - tree, log, wood, lumber, stick, pole, woods, forest [CQ-Osage]; zhaⁿ (zhaⁿ) - wood, a tree or log [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: sha-be (shábe) - dark [Omaha/Ponca]; sha-be (shabe) - dark [Omaha]; sha-be (shá-be) - dark in color [FL-Osage]; sha-pe (šápe) - dark in color, shaded, darkened [CQ-Osage]; sha-be (shábe) - dark, a distant black, brown [Kaw]

 

question one’s own relation

► i-ki-aⁿ-xe (íkiąγe) - question one’s own relation

► cf. i-ki-ma-xe (íkkimáγe) - question oneself; i-moⁿ-xe (ímǫγe) - ask someone a question

► ex: i-ki-aⁿ-xe (íkiąγé) - he questioned him, his own [JOD]

► ex: i-ki-aⁿ-xa-we (íkiąγáwe) - he questioned her, his own [JOD]

► ex: shoⁿ wa-x’o zhi-ka niⁿ-kʰe i-ki-aⁿ-xa-we (šǫ́ waxʔó žíka nįkʰé íkiąγáwe) - he questioned the old female dog [JOD]

► Dhegiha: i-ki-gthaⁿ-xe (í-k͓i-g¢áⁿ-xe) - refl. of i-gthaⁿ-xe (í-g¢aⁿ-xe): to ask a question about himself [JOD-Omaha]; i-gthoⁿ-xe (í-gthoⁿ-xe) - to make inquiry concerning a relative or some personal belonging [FL-Osage]; i-loⁿ-xe (ilǫ́γe) - ask or inquire concerning one’s own people or things [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: i-thoⁿ-xe (í-thoⁿ-xe) - to ask a question, to question [FL-Osage]; i-thoⁿ-xe (íðǫγe) - ask a question of someone; interrogate or question someone; ask questions about a certain topic [CQ-Osage]; i-yoⁿ-ghe (íyoⁿghe) - ask a question; to question [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: i-gi-ma-xe (í-gi-má-xe) - to ask a question of or about his own [JOD-Omaha]; i-gi-ma-xe (i-gí-ma-xe) - to ask one a question about his relation, etc. [JOD-Omaha]; i-ki-ma-xe (í-k͓i-ma-xe) - to ask questions about himself [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: i-ma-xe (í-ma-xe) - to ask a question, to inquire [JOD-Omaha]; i-moⁿ-xe (imoⁿxe) - ask [Omaha]; i-moⁿ-xe (í-moⁿ-xe) - to inquire [FL-Osage]

 

question oneself

► i-ki-ma-xe (íkkimáγe) - question oneself ► i-da-ki-ma-xe (idákkimaγé) - I, i-da-ki-ma-xe (ídakkimáγe) - you, oⁿ-doⁿ-ki-oⁿ-xa-we (ǫdǫ́kkiǫγawe) - we

► cf. i-moⁿ-xe (ímǫγe) - ask someone a question; i-ki-aⁿ-xe (íkiąγe) - question one’s own relation

► Dhegiha: i-gi-ma-xe (í-gi-má-xe) - to ask a question of or about his own [JOD-Omaha]; i-gi-ma-xe (i-gí-ma-xe) - to ask one a question about his relation, etc. [JOD-Omaha]; i-ki-ma-xe (í-k͓i-ma-xe) - to ask questions about himself [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: i-ma-xe (í-ma-xe) - to ask a question, to inquire [JOD-Omaha]; i-moⁿ-xe (imoⁿxe) - ask [Omaha]; i-moⁿ-xe (í-moⁿ-xe) - to inquire [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: i-thoⁿ-xe (í-thoⁿ-xe) - to ask a question, to question [FL-Osage]; i-thoⁿ-xe (íðǫγe) - ask a question of someone; interrogate or question someone; ask questions about a certain topic [CQ-Osage]; i-yoⁿ-ghe (íyoⁿghe) - ask a question; to question [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: i-ki-gthaⁿ-xe (í-k͓i-g¢áⁿ-xe) - refl. of i-gthaⁿ-xe (í-g¢aⁿ-xe): to ask a question about himself [JOD-Omaha]; i-gthoⁿ-xe (í-gthoⁿ-xe) - to make inquiry concerning a relative or some personal belonging [FL-Osage]; i-loⁿ-xe (ilǫ́γe) - ask or inquire concerning one’s own people or things [CQ-Osage]

 

question particle

► e-na (ená) - question particle, neg. expect, sentence final

► Dhegiha: e-daⁿ (é-daⁿ) - interrog. used in soliloquies, not in direct addresses; a fem. interrog. sign, expressing grief or surprise [JOD-Omaha]; e-daⁿ (édaⁿ) - question particle used by females, not direct address [Kaw]

 

question sign

► e (e), a-e (ae), a (a) - question sign, sentence final

► ex: “ma-shtiⁿ-ke, hoⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ da-xa-ke e,” i-yi i-ya wa-sa niⁿ-kʰe (“maštį́ke, hǫnį́ttą daγáke e,” iyí iyá wasá nįkʰé) - “rabbit, why are you crying?” said the bear, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: “naⁿ-pe-di-haⁿ-zhi e,” i-ke (“nąppédihąží e,” iké) - “are you not hungry?” he said to her [JOD]

► ex: e-ti ta-taⁿ e (étti táttą e) - is there anything else? [JOD]

► ex: iⁿ-knaⁿ, da-kdi a-e (įkną́, dakdí ae) - first son, you have come home? [JOD]

ex[máhį škǫtta e 'Do you want a knife?']

► ex: shoⁿ-ke-a-kniⁿ di-ta da-ki-shkoⁿ-ta e (šǫkeáknį dítta dakíškǫtta e) - do you want your own horse?

► ex: ti tʰe ha-naⁿ-ska e (tti tʰe hánąska e) - how big is the house?

► ex: wa-so-so ta-ba-xe e (wasóso ttábaγe e) - did you bite the cord in two?

► ex: ha-ki e (hakí e) - where is it? [AB]

► ex: ha-ki shi e (háki ši e) - where have you been?' [MS]

► ex: ha-tʰaⁿ-ti da-tʰi e (hatʰą́tti datʰí e) - when did you come? [MS]

► ex: hoⁿ-e (hǫ́e), haⁿ-e (hą́e) - what happened? what’s the matter?

► ex: “hoⁿ-e ni-ka di-ta,” i-ke-a-we (“hǫ́e níkka dítta,” ikeáwe) - “what is the matter/what happened with your man (husband),” they said to her [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ-e (hǫ́e)  - is that so? [OM]

► ex: i-shpa-haⁿ-we a, e-te te (íšpahąwé a, étte tté) - do you’all know? I wonder. [JOD]

► ex: iⁿ-knaⁿ, da-kdi a-e (įkną́, dakdí ae) - first son, you have come home? [JOD]

► ex: “wi-ti-kaⁿ, wa-x’o miⁿ de-do i-hi naⁿ i-da-de hoⁿ-zhi ae,” i-ke (“wittiką́, waxʔó mį dédo íhi ną ídade hǫži ae,” iké) - “my grandfather, did you not see a woman that arrived here?” he said to him [JOD]

► ex: naⁿ-pe-di-hi-aⁿ-zhi a-e (nąppédią́ži aé) - are you not hungry? [JOD]

► ex: kʰi naⁿ, “haⁿ wa-x’o di-ta di-t’e a-e” (kʰí ną, “hą waxʔó dítta ditʔé ae”) - when he reached home, he was asked, “what is the matter with your woman/wife, is she dead (to you)?” [JOD]

► Dhegiha: a (a) - question marker, placed at the end of an interrogative sentence [Omaha/Ponca]; a (a) - interrog. placed after the word or phrase to which it belongs, used by both sexes [JOD-Omaha]; a (a) - an interrogation sign, used at the end of a sentence [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: hiⁿ (hiⁿ) - an interrogative sign, indicating that a question has been asked [FL-Osage]; hiⁿ (hį́) - isn’t it so [CQ-Osage]; hiⁿ-e (híⁿe), hiⁿ e (hiⁿ e), e hiⁿ (e hiⁿ) - question marking particle [Kaw]

 

question, ask someone a question

► i-moⁿ-xe (ímǫγe) - ask someone a question ► i-moⁿ-xe (ímǫγe) - I, i-zhoⁿ-xe (ížǫγe) - you, i-moⁿ-xe (ímǫγe) - he/she, i-ma-xa-we (ímaγáwe) - they

► cf. i-ki-ma-xe (íkkimáγe) - question oneself; i-ki-aⁿ-xe (íkiąγe) - question one’s own relation

► Dhegiha: i-ma-xe (í-ma-xe) - to ask a question, to inquire [JOD-Omaha]; i-moⁿ-xe (imoⁿxe) - ask [Omaha]; i-moⁿ-xe (í-moⁿ-xe) - to inquire [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: i-thoⁿ-xe (í-thoⁿ-xe) - to ask a question, to question [FL-Osage]; i-thoⁿ-xe (íðǫγe) - ask a question of someone; interrogate or question someone; ask questions about a certain topic [CQ-Osage]; i-yoⁿ-ghe (íyoⁿghe) - ask a question; to question [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: i-gi-ma-xe (í-gi-má-xe) - to ask a question of or about his own [JOD-Omaha]; i-gi-ma-xe (i-gí-ma-xe) - to ask one a question about his relation, etc. [JOD-Omaha]; i-ki-ma-xe (í-k͓i-ma-xe) - to ask questions about himself [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: i-ki-gthaⁿ-xe (í-k͓i-g¢áⁿ-xe) - refl. of i-gthaⁿ-xe (í-g¢aⁿ-xe): to ask a question about himself [JOD-Omaha]; i-gthoⁿ-xe (í-gthoⁿ-xe) - to make inquiry concerning a relative or some personal belonging [FL-Osage]; i-loⁿ-xe (ilǫ́γe) - ask or inquire concerning one’s own people or things [CQ-Osage]

 

quick succession, one after another in quick succession

► a-ki-kde-kde (ákkikdekde) - one after another in quick succession, e.g. shots, events

► ex: a-ki-kde-kde ki-te (ákkikdekde kkítte) - to shoot at in quick succession, fire a volley

 

quick succession, to shoot at in quick succession

► a-ki-kde-kde ki-te (ákkikdekde kkítte) - to shoot at in quick succession, fire a volley

► cf. a-ki-kde-kde (ákkikdekde) - one after another in quick succession, e.g. shots, events; ki-te (kkitte) - to shoot; ki-te (kkítte) - shoot at something

► Dhegiha: ki-de (kíde) - to shoot at [JOD-Omaha]; ki-de (kide) - shoot [Omaha]; ʰku-dse (ḳú-dse) - to shoot [FL-Osage]; ʰku-tse (ʰkúce) - fire a gun, shoot a bow and arrow; shoot someone, shoot at someone [CQ-Osage]; ku-je (kúje) - shoot at something [Kaw]

 

quick, expert at something

► ki-shkaⁿ (kkišką́) - quick, expert at something ► a-ki-shkaⁿ (ákkišką) - I, da-ki-shkaⁿ (dákkišką) - you

► Dhegiha: gi-shkoⁿ (gishkóⁿ) - quick, to be quick or handy at doing something [Omaha/Ponca]; gi-shkaⁿ (gickáⁿ) - quickly; he was quick in moving; to be quick or handy in doing anything [JOD-Omaha]

 

quick, handy

► ki-zho-wa (kižówa) - quick, handy ► a-ki-zho-wa (akížowa) - I, da-ki-zho-wa (dakížowa) - you

► ex: a-zho-wa hi (ažowá hi) - as fast as possible [JOD]

► ex: a-zho-wa hi pa (ážowa hi ppá) - they were doing their best (to escape) [JOD]

► ex: a-zho-wa hi pʰi a-ni-he, so-te a-ni-he, aⁿ-xde te a-zhaⁿ-niⁿ (ažowá hi pʰí aníhe, sótte aníhe, ą́xde tte ažąmį́) - I was coming as fast as possible, I was moving fast, I thought he was going to overtake me [JOD]

► ex: a-zho-wa-xti (ážowáxti) - with a great effort, with all one’s might [JOD]

► ex: a-zho-wa-xti so-te hi kde kʰe (ážowáxti sótte hí kde kʰé) - with great effort/with all her might, very fast/rapidly, she went homeward [JOD]

 

quickly

► koⁿ-ska (kǫ́ska) - quickly [JOD]

► ex: koⁿ-ska ki-k’iⁿ di-kna, aⁿ-ka-de te (kǫ́ska kikʔį́ dikná, ąkáde tté) - quickly decide what you will pack, let’s go [JOD]

 

► a-ko-e (ákoe) - quickly [JOD]

► ex: a-ko-e a-niⁿ kde di-knaⁿ tʰaⁿ (ákoe anį́ kde dikną́ tʰą) - quickly he decided/planned to take it home [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ku-‘e (k͓u-‘ĕ́) - with a rush [JOD-Omaha]; ku-the (kú-¢ĕ) - quickly [JOD-Omaha]

 

quickly, hurry in doing something

► o-ti-ti (óttitti) - hurry in doing something, quickly ► o-a-ti-ti (óattittí) - I, o-da-ti-ti (ódattittí) - you

► o-chi-chi (óčiči) - hurry [OM]

► ex: o-ti-ti wa-ba-hi (óttitti wabahi) - snatch up bits=

 

quicksand

► ma-ni-ka o-ka-kdo (maníkka okákdo) - quicksand

► cf. ma-ni-ka (maníkka) - earth, soil, ground, dirt; o-ka-kdo (okákdo) - mired, become, stuck in mud; o-ka-kdo niⁿ (okákdo nį́) - he sank in the hole [JOD]

► Dhegiha: maⁿ-thiⁿ-ka (maⁿ-¢íñ-ka) - earth, soil [JOD-Omaha]; moⁿ-thiⁿ-ʰka (moⁿ-thíⁿ-ḳa), moⁿ-iⁿ-ʰka (moⁿ-íⁿ-ḳa) - ground, earth, soil, clay, mud [FL-Osage]; moⁿ-thiⁿ-ʰka (mǫðįʰka), maⁿ-iⁿ-ʰka (mą́įʰka) - soil, ground, earth, clay, mud, dirt [CQ-Osage]; maⁿ-yiⁿ-ka (maⁿyíⁿka) - earth, ground, clay, soil [Kaw]

 

quiet, be quiet

► o-ni-aⁿ niⁿ-ke hi (onią́ nįké hi) - no noise, “not even breathing” [JOD]

► cf. o-ni-aⁿ (onią́), o-ni-oⁿ (oníǫ) - breath; ni-ke (niké), niⁿ-ke (nįké) - to have none, be lacking; hi (hi) - very; o-ni-aⁿ niⁿ-ke kniⁿ (onią́ nįké knį́) - keep still, keep quiet [JOD]; o-ni-aⁿ-hi-de (onią́hidé) - breathe; o-ni-oⁿ kda-zi (oníǫkdázi) - sigh

► Dhegiha: o-ni thiⁿ-ke (oní ðįké), o-niⁿ-ke (onį́įke) - be quiet, not make noise, no sound [CQ-Osage]; o-niⁿ iⁿ-ka (onį́ įká) - don’t make noises! (command) [CQ-Osage]; ni-aⁿ-yiⁿ-ge (niáⁿyiⁿgè) - speechless, quiet, unmoving, still [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ni-u (niu) - breathe, to breathe [Omaha/Ponca]; ni-u (niu) - breathe [Omaha]; ni-u (nyu) - to breathe [JOD-Omaha]; ni-oⁿ (ni-óⁿ) - breath [FL-Osage]; o-ni-e (ónie) - breathe, draw breath; sound [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: thiⁿ-ge (thiⁿgé) - lack, to lack, to not have, there is none [Omaha/Ponca]; thiⁿ-ge (thíⁿ-ge) - to have none, nothing [FL-Osage]; thiⁿ-ke (ðįįké), iⁿ-ke (įįké) - lack a thing, be devoid of, be lacking, not have something any longer, have nothing [CQ-Osage]; thiⁿ-ke (ðįké), iⁿ-ke (įké) - be none, be gone, absent, extinct, nonexistent, lacking, pass away, vanish, not, not at all [CQ-Osage]; yiⁿ-ge (yíⁿgé) - lack, none, be none, be without [Kaw]

 

► o-ni-aⁿ niⁿ-ke kniⁿ (onią́ nįké knį́) - keep still, keep quiet [JOD]

► cf. o-ni-aⁿ (onią́), o-ni-oⁿ (oníǫ) - breath; ni-ke (niké), niⁿ-ke (nįké) - to have none, be lacking; kniⁿ (knį), kdiⁿ (kdį) - sit; o-ni-aⁿ niⁿ-ke hi (onią́ nįké hi) - no noise, “not even breathing” [JOD]

► Dhegiha: o-ni-iⁿ-ke-liⁿ (oní įke lį́į) - be quiet! (command), “sit and be quiet!” [Osage]

► Dhegiha: o-ni thiⁿ-ke (oní ðįké), o-niⁿ-ke (onį́įke) - be quiet, not make noise, no sound [CQ-Osage]; o-niⁿ iⁿ-ka (onį́ įká) - don’t make noises! (command) [CQ-Osage]; ni-aⁿ-yiⁿ-ge (niáⁿyiⁿgè) - speechless, quiet, unmoving, still [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ni-u (niu) - breathe, to breathe [Omaha/Ponca]; ni-u (niu) - breathe [Omaha]; ni-u (nyu) - to breathe [JOD-Omaha]; ni-oⁿ (ni-óⁿ) - breath [FL-Osage]; o-ni-e (ónie) - breathe, draw breath; sound [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: thiⁿ-ge (thiⁿgé) - lack, to lack, to not have, there is none [Omaha/Ponca]; thiⁿ-ge (thíⁿ-ge) - to have none, nothing [FL-Osage]; thiⁿ-ke (ðįįké), iⁿ-ke (įįké) - lack a thing, be devoid of, be lacking, not have something any longer, have nothing [CQ-Osage]; thiⁿ-ke (ðįké), iⁿ-ke (įké) - be none, be gone, absent, extinct, nonexistent, lacking, pass away, vanish, not, not at all [CQ-Osage]; yiⁿ-ge (yíⁿgé) - lack, none, be none, be without [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: gthiⁿ (g¢íⁿ) - sit, dwell [JOD-Omaha]; gthiⁿ (gthiⁿ) - to sit [FL-Osage]; liⁿ (lį́į) - sit [CQ-Osage]; liⁿ (liⁿ), gliⁿ (glíⁿ) - sit, stay, remain, dwell, live, reside, continue [Kaw]

 

► a-pe (áppe) - silent, noiseless, speechless

► cf. a-pe hi (appéhi) - very silent; a-pe kniⁿ (áppe knį́) - keep still [JOD]

 

► a-pe hi (appéhi) - very silent

► a-pe hi (appé hi) - noiseless-very [JOD]

► cf. a-pe (áppe) - silent, noiseless, speechless; hi (hi) - very

 

► a-pe kniⁿ (áppe knį́) - keep still [JOD]

► cf. a-pe (áppe) - silent, noiseless, speechless; kniⁿ (knį), kdiⁿ (kdį) - sit; a-pe hi (appéhi) - very silent

 

quill or wing feather

► ma-shaⁿ (mášą), ma-shoⁿ (mášǫ) - feather, wing or quill feather

► ma-shoⁿ (mosch-schon) - feather (plume) [GI]

► ma-shaⁿ (mâⁿ câⁿ) - plume, tied in hair, same ceremony [peyote], represents “Lightning-man”, from George Red Eagle [MH]

► ma-shaⁿ (mâⁿcaⁿ) - eagle plume used to brush away evil in mescal ceremony, from Francis Good Eagle [MH]

► cf. wa-zhiⁿ-ka ma-shaⁿ (wažį́ka mášą) - bird’s wings

► ex: ma-shoⁿ a-a-kde (mášǫ áakde) - I stick a feather upright (in my hair)

► Dhegiha: ma-shoⁿ (máshoⁿ) - quill feather [Omaha/Ponca]; moⁿ-shoⁿ (moⁿshoⁿ) - feather, hackle feather [Omaha]; ma-shaⁿ (má-caⁿ), maⁿ-shaⁿ (maⁿcaⁿ) - a quill-feather [JOD-Omaha]; moⁿ-shoⁿ (móⁿ-shoⁿ) - feather, plume, plumage [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-shaⁿ (mą́šą), maⁿ-shoⁿ (mą́šǫ), moⁿ-shoⁿ (mǫ́šǫ) - feathers of certain kinds of birds, such as eagle, hawk, and macaw, fan made of feathers as used in peyote meeting [CQ-Osage]; mo-shoⁿ (móshoⁿ), mo-sho (mósho) - feather, quill feather [Kaw]

 

quill, Ancestral Quill Feathers

► ma-shaⁿ haⁿ-ka (má-caⁿ hañ́-k͓a), (maⁿ́caⁿ hañk͓a) - masculine name of the Kwapa wa-zhiⁿ-ka (wajiñk͓a) or Bird gens; Ancestral Quill-Feathers [JOD]

► cf. ma-shaⁿ (mášą), ma-shoⁿ (mášǫ) - feather, wing or quill feather; haⁿ-ka (hą́ka) - ancestral gens, first gens

► Dhegiha: moⁿ-shoⁿ hoⁿ-ga (móⁿshoⁿ hoⁿga) - refers to feathers on pipe, personal name [Omaha]; moⁿ-shoⁿ hoⁿ-ga (móⁿ-shoⁿ-hoⁿ-ga) - Sacred Plume, male personal name, refers to eagle plumes worn by priests [FL-Osage]; ma-shoⁿ haⁿ-ga (máshoⁿ háⁿga) - male name, Haⁿga Quill-Feather [Kaw]

 

quill, Difficult Female Feather (Quill)

► maⁿ-shaⁿ mi te-xi (maⁿ́caⁿ mitéqi) - female name, Feather Female Difficult [JOD]

► cf. ma-shaⁿ (mášą), ma-shoⁿ (mášǫ) - feather, wing or quill feather; mi-te-xi (mittéxi) - difficult female [JOD]; mi (mi), miⁿ (mį) - female, sometimes contracted as iⁿ (-į) in names; te-xi (ttéxi) - difficult

► Dhegiha: ma-shoⁿ (máshoⁿ) - quill feather [Omaha/Ponca]; moⁿ-shoⁿ (moⁿshoⁿ) - feather, hackle feather [Omaha]; ma-shaⁿ (má-caⁿ), maⁿ-shaⁿ (maⁿcaⁿ) - a quill feather [JOD-Omaha]; moⁿ-shoⁿ (móⁿ-shoⁿ) - feather, plume, plumage [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-shaⁿ (mą́šą), maⁿ-shoⁿ (mą́šǫ), moⁿ-shoⁿ (mǫ́šǫ) - feathers of certain kinds of birds, such as eagle, hawk, and macaw, fan made of feathers as used in peyote meeting [CQ-Osage]; mo-shoⁿ (móshoⁿ), mo-sho (mósho) - feather, quill feather [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: mi-te-xi (mitexi), wiⁿ-te-xi (wiⁿtexi) - sacred female [Omaha]; miⁿ-ʰtse-xi (mįįʰcéxi) - personal name for a first daughter (perhaps ‘precious female’, ‘difficult female’, ‘stout daughter’, ‘sacred sun’) [CQ-osage]; mi tse-xi (mi céxi) - female who is precious or difficult to obtain; female difficult to be obtain [Kaw]

 

quill, eagle quill feather

► xi-da ma-shaⁿ (xidá mašą́) - eagle quill feather(s)

► cf. xi-da (xidá) - eagle; ma-shaⁿ (mášą), ma-shoⁿ (mášǫ) - feather, wing or quill feather

► Dhegiha: xi-tha ma-shoⁿ (qithá mashóⁿ) - eagle feather [Omaha/Ponca]; xi-tha ma-shaⁿ (qi-¢á ma-cáⁿ) - the quill feathers of the war eagle [JOD-Omaha]; xu-tha maⁿ-shaⁿ (xúða mą́šą), xu-tha maⁿ-shoⁿ (xuðá mąšǫ) - eagle feather [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: xi-tha (qithá) - eagle [Omaha/Ponca]; xi-tha (xithá) - eagle [Omaha]; xi-tha (qi-¢á) - an eagle [JOD-Omaha]; xi-tha (xi-tha), xiu-tha (xiu-thá), xu-tha (xu-thá) - eagle, golden eagle, the golden eagle figures in the Osage rites as a symbol of courage, the black on the tips of it’s tail feathers represents fire and charcoal [FL-Osage]; xu-tha (xúða), xi-tha (xíða) - eagle [CQ-Osage]; xu-ya (xuyá) - the large white or golden eagle, in this class are four or five other birds [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ma-shoⁿ (máshoⁿ) - quill feather [Omaha/Ponca]; moⁿ-shoⁿ (moⁿshoⁿ) - feather, hackle feather [Omaha]; ma-shaⁿ (má-caⁿ), maⁿ-shaⁿ (maⁿcaⁿ) - a quill feather [JOD-Omaha]; moⁿ-shoⁿ (móⁿ-shoⁿ) - feather, plume, plumage [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-shaⁿ (mą́šą), maⁿ-shoⁿ (mą́šǫ), moⁿ-shoⁿ (mǫ́šǫ) - feathers of certain kinds of birds, such as eagle, hawk, and macaw, fan made of feathers as used in peyote meeting [CQ-Osage]; mo-shoⁿ (móshoⁿ), mo-sho (mósho) - feather, quill feather [Kaw]

 

quill, Feather (Quill) is Turned Botton Up

► maⁿ-shaⁿ iⁿ-te ki-ta (maⁿ́caⁿ iⁿtĕ́ k͓itá) - female name, Feather is Turned Bottom Up, full sister of George Redeagle [JOD]

► maⁿ-shaⁿ iⁿ-te ni (maⁿ́caⁿ iⁿté ni) - female name [JOD]

► cf. ma-shaⁿ (mášą), ma-shoⁿ (mášǫ) - feather, wing or quill feather

 

quill, Feather (Quill) Rising or Feather (Quill) Getting Up

► ma-shiⁿ gi-ta (mášį́ gítta) - female name, Feather Rising, Feather Getting Up [MS]

► maⁿ-shaⁿ ki-ta (maⁿ́caⁿ k͓íta) - female name [JOD]

► cf. ma-shaⁿ (mášą), ma-shoⁿ (mášǫ) - feather, wing or quill feather; ki-ta (kítta) - arise, get up

► Dhegiha: xu-e gi-da (xu-e-gi-da) - Comes Roaring, personal name, refers to the wind in an approaching storm [FL-Osage]

 

quill, White Quill Feathers

► maⁿ-shaⁿ ska (maⁿ́caⁿ ska) - female name, White Quill-Feathers, daughter of George Redeagle [JOD]

► maⁿ-shaⁿ ska-iⁿ (maⁿ́caⁿ skáiⁿ) - female name [JOD]

► ma-shiⁿ ska-iⁿ (mášį́ skaį́) - female name, White Feather [MS]

► cf. ma-shaⁿ (mášą), ma-shoⁿ (mášǫ) - feather, wing or quill feather; ska (ska) - white; mi (mi), miⁿ (mį) - female, sometimes contracted as iⁿ (-į) in names

► Dhegiha: ma-shoⁿ ska (máshoⁿ skă) - white (eagle) feather [Omaha/Ponca]; moⁿ-shoⁿ ska (móⁿshoⁿska) - White Feather, personal name [Omaha]; ma-shoⁿ ska (máshoⁿ ska) - male name, White Quill Feathers [Kaw]

 

quit, finish, divorce

► ki-ha (kihá) - quit [MS]

► ki-ha (kihá) - finish, quit, divorce

► cf. ki-ha oⁿ-pa (kihá ǫ́ppa) - Monday; ki-ha-zhi (kiháži) - fail to finish

► ex: a-ki-ha (akíha) - I have finished [JOD]

► ex: ki-ha-we (kiháwe) - they quit, they quit being married, divorced [MS]

► ex: koi-she-taⁿ naⁿ-zha o-do-tʰe tʰi ki-ha i-ya-we (koišéttaⁿ nąža odotʰé tʰi kihá iyáwe) - and/then/man eater/had come/already/they say [JOD]

► ex: tʰi ki-ha (tʰí kihá) - he came/he finished [JOD]

► ex: naⁿ-zha o-di-o-za hi o-do-tʰe tʰi ki-ha (ną́ža ódióza hí ódotʰe tʰí kihá) - then, in a very short time the man eater had come [JOD]

► ex: ka-ti-ti-ze ki-ha naⁿ, we-da-ba-zo ki-k’oⁿ-he (kattittíze kihá ną, wédabázo kíkʔǫhe) - when he finished clearing a spot, he placed the index finger down [JOD]

► ex: ki-ha naⁿ, o-zhi-ha o-k’oⁿ-he (kihá ną, óžiha ókʔǫhe) - when he finished, he put it (the long object) in the bag [JOD]

► ex: koi-she-taⁿ o-da-ki-de ki-ha taⁿ ka-xdi (koišéttą odákide kihá tą kaxdí) - when he (haⁿ-ka’s son) finally finished telling him (rabbit), he (rabbit) struck and killed him (haⁿ-ka’s son) [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ i-ki-pʰe ki-ha naⁿ ni-ka-shi-ka zho-hi hi tʰi-naⁿ-we (kóišǫ́ttą íkipʰe kihá ną níkkašíka žóhi hí tʰí-ną-we) - then, when he is finished inviting many people, they usually come [JOD]

► ex: ki-ha-i (kihaí) - they finished [JOD]

► ex: kda-tʰe ki-ha-i naⁿ zhaⁿ-ki-da-wi i-ya-we pa-ze de naⁿ (kdatʰé kihaí ną žąkidáwi iyáwe ppáze dé ną) - when they were finished eating (their own food), they went to sleep after dark, they say [JOD]

► ex: kda-tʰe ki-ha-i naⁿ wa-zhiⁿ-ka ki-te a-kda-zhiⁿ naⁿ (kdatʰé kihaí ną wažį́ka kkítte ákdažį́ ną) - when they finished eating (their own food), she commanded him (her relation) to go shoot some birds [JOD]

► ex: shi-naⁿ wa-naⁿ-bde ki-ha naⁿ, to k’e da-we (šiną́ waną́bde kihá ną, tó kʔe dáwe) - when they finished eating, they went to dig potatoes again [JOD]

 

quit, stop, cease

► a-di-shtaⁿ (ádištą) - quit [JOD]

► a-di-shtaⁿ (ádištą́) - stop [MS]

► a-di-shtaⁿ (ádištą) - stop work (for the day), cease an activity ► a-bdi-shtaⁿ (ábdištą) - I, a-ti-shtaⁿ (áttištą) - you

► cf. di-shtaⁿ (dištą́) - finish, complete

► ex: we-a-kdi-xe a-bdi-shtaⁿ (weákdixe ábdištą́) - I ceased to live with them

► ex: o-zha a-di-shtaⁿ ki-baⁿ o-bi-xoⁿ pa naⁿ (óža ádištą kíbą obíγǫ ppá ną) - they quit dancing when a flute was blown [JOD]

► Dhegiha: thi-shtoⁿ (thishtoⁿ) - finish, complete, release, past [Omaha]; thi-shtoⁿ (thi-shtóⁿ) - to stop, to finish [FL-Osage]; thi-shtaⁿ (ðiištą́) - finish, stop, already did something, be just finished doing something, be finished, be through [CQ-Osage]; yu-shtaⁿ (yushtáⁿ) - stop, be finished, let go [Kaw]

 

quite, not quite

► i-hi-zhi (íhiži) - almost, not quite

► cf. i-hi (ihí) - arrive, reach the place; zhi (ži) - negative, not, negation

► Dhegiha: hi (hi) - to have been there, to have reached there [Omaha/Ponca]; hi (hí), a-hi (ahí) - to arrive [JOD-Omaha]; a-hi (ahi) - approach, arrive there [Omaha]; hi (hi) - to arrive at a place [FL-Osage]; hi (hí), a-hi (ahí) - go there (motion accomplished), come here, arrive there, be there, be in attendance, stop in, go by, come by, get (e.g., “get old”), become, begin to, start to, suddenlt start to; initial a is often omitted, regularly so with 1^st singular and second person subject [CQ-Osage]; hi (hi) - arrive, reach there [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: hu (hu) - to be coming to this place [FL-Osage]; hu (hú), a-hu (ahú) - come here (motion underway); initial a is often omitted, regularly so with 1^st singular and second person subject [CQ-Osage]; hu (hu) - come to a place that is not one’s own, be coming here [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: zhi (zhi), a-zhi (ázhi) - not [Omaha/Ponca]; zhi (jǐ), a-zhi (a-jǐ) - negation, not [JOD-Omaha]; zhi (zhi), a-zhi (a-zhí) - not, is not [FL-Osage]; zhi (ži), a-zhi (aží) - not, negaitive, negator; initial a replaces final e of preceding verb [FL-Osage]; zhi (zhi), a-zhi (azhi) - negative suffix of verbs [Kaw]

 

quiver for arrows

► maⁿ-o-zhi (mą́oží) - quiver for arrows

► cf. maⁿ (mą) - arrow; o-zhi (oží) - put collection into something, plant, fill; bottle; o-zhi (óži) - bowl, dish; o-zhi-ha (óžiha) - sack, bag, pocket

► Dhegiha: moⁿ-zhi (móⁿzhi) - quiver [Omaha/Ponca]; moⁿ-zhu (móⁿ-zhu), moⁿ-zhi (móⁿ-zhi) - a quiver [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-zhu (máⁿzhu) - quiver, contraction of maⁿ o-zhu (máⁿ ozhu) [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: moⁿ-zhi-ha (móⁿzhiha) - quiver [Omaha/Ponca]; moⁿ-zhi-ha (móⁿzhiha) - quiver for arrows [Omaha]

► Dhegiha: moⁿ (moⁿ) - arrow [Omaha/Ponca]; moⁿ (moⁿ) - arrow [Omaha]; moⁿ (moⁿ) - an arrow [FL-Osage]; maⁿ (mą́ą), moⁿ (mǫ́ǫ) - arrow; staff used at peyote meetings [CQ-Osage]; maⁿ (maⁿ) - arrow [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: u-zhi (uzhí) - to fill with water, grain, or any bulky substance; to fill with any quantity of small objects; to plant or sow grain, seed, etc. [Omaha/Ponca]; u-zhi (úzhi) - a pocket [Omaha/Ponca]; u-zhi (uzhi) - luggage, packet, suitcase, load, gardener, container, contain [Omaha]; u-zhi (úzhi) - cabinet, bin, baggage [Omaha]; u-zhi (ú-zhi) - to plant [FL-Osage]; u-zhi (u-zhi), o-zhi (ó-zhi) - a hollow receptacle [FL-Osage]; u-zhu (ú-zhu) - a pocket, a receptacle [FL-Osage]; o-zhu (óožu) - put stuff in, plant stuff, pocket, bottle, container, vessel [CQ-Osage]; o-zhu (oožú) - pour or serve liquids or small solids such as beans, pour for someone, put in, plant or sow, put in, receptacle, container, bottle, cup, bowl, jar, shaker, holder, for pourable dry or liquid substances [CQ-Osage]; o-zhu (ózhu) - bottle [Kaw]; o-zhu (ozhú) - put or pour something into something, put many small objects in something, fill, plant [Kaw]

 

quiver strap

► maⁿ-o-zhi i-k’iⁿ (mą́oži íkʔį) - quiver strap

► cf. maⁿ-o-zhi (mą́oží) - quiver for arrows; k’iⁿ (kʔį) - carry, pack on the back; i-k’iⁿ (íkʔį) - suspenders [MS]; kda-k’iⁿ (kdakʔį) - carry one’s own bundle or pack; ki-k’iⁿ (kikʔį́) - carry on one’s own back, pack; ski-ke k’iⁿ (skíke kʔį) - carry a heavy load; we-k’iⁿ (wékʔį) - pack, bundle carried on back

► Dhegiha: moⁿ-zhi (móⁿzhi) - quiver [Omaha/Ponca]; moⁿ-zhu (móⁿ-zhu), moⁿ-zhi (móⁿ-zhi) - a quiver [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-zhu (máⁿzhu) - quiver, contraction of maⁿ o-zhu (máⁿ ozhu) [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: moⁿ-zhi-ha (móⁿzhiha) - quiver [Omaha/Ponca]; moⁿ-zhi-ha (móⁿzhiha) - quiver for arrows [Omaha]

► Dhegiha: i-’iⁿ (í’iⁿ) - strap, a carrying strap; a strap or cord for carrying something on one’s back or for a powder horn [Omaha/Ponca]; i-’iⁿ (í-’iⁿ) - a strap or cord used for carrying an object on the back [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: ’iⁿ (’íⁿ) - carry, carrying [JOD-Omaha]; ʰk’iⁿ (ḳ’iⁿ) - to carry [FL-Osage]; k’iⁿ (kʔį́) - carry, carry on the back [CQ-Osage]; k’iⁿ (k’iⁿ) - pack on the back, carry on the back [Kaw]

 

quiver, to pull out one’s own repeatedly as arrows from a quiver

► kdi-sti-sti-te (kdístistítte) - pull out one’s own repeatedly, as arrows from a quiver ► a-kdi-sti-sti-te akdístistítte) - I, da-kdi-sti-sti-te (dakdístistitte) - you

► cf. kdi-sti-te (kdístitte) - pull out one’s own (bow, etc.); di-sti-te (distítte) - pull out, pull open, to milk; ma-ze-ni di-sti-te (mazéni distítte) - to milk an animal

► Dhegiha: gthi-sniⁿ-sniⁿ-de (g¢ísniⁿsnińde) - pulled out several off his own [JOD-Omaha]; gthi-sniⁿ-de (g¢ísninde) - pulled his out [JOD-Omaha]

 

quotative embedded, “it is said, he/she said” in myths

► i-yi i-ya (iyí iyá) - quotative embedded, “it is said, he/she said” in myths

► i-yi i-ya-we (iyí iyáwe) - “they said, he/she said”

► ex: i-naⁿ-paⁿ, “te na-ha ti ke ni-xi-te ni-ka-we,” i-yi iya (ínąpą́, “tté nahá tti ke niγítte nikáwe,” iyí iyá) - a second time she said, “do not go to those lodges, they are disobedient,” it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: “wi-te-ke ni-ka-shi-ka zho-hi hi shkoⁿ-wa-da-we,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke niⁿ-kʰe (“wítteke níkkašíka žóhi hi škǫ́wadáwe,” iyí iyá maštį́ke niⁿkʰe) - “my uncle, many people are here and will dislodge us,” said the rabbit, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: “wi-te-ke t’e-di-de ta e-de,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke niⁿ (“wítteke tʔédidé tta edé,” iyí iyá maštį́ke nį) - my uncle, you have surely been killed, said the rabbit, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: “pʰi a-ni-he,” i-yi- i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“pʰi ánihé,” iyí iyá maštį́ke) - “so I have been coming here,” replied the rabbit, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: “iⁿ-kaⁿ-e wa-sa ka-hi-ke t’e-a-de,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke tʰaⁿ (“įkką́-e wasá kahíke tʔeáde,” iyí iyá maštį́ke tʰą) - my grandmother, “I have killed the black bear chief,” said the rabbit, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: “ma-shtiⁿ-ke hoⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ da-xa-ke e,” i-yi i-ya wa-sa niⁿ-kʰe (“maštį́ke hǫnį́ttą daγáke e,” iyí iyá wasá niⁿkʰe) - “rabbit, why are you crying?” said the bear, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ-tʰaⁿ-hi, “i-ka-xa-ta koi-ta kniⁿ,” i-yi i-ya wa-sa niⁿ-kʰe (hǫ́tʰąhi, “íkaxátta kóitta knį́,” iyí iyá wasá nįkʰé) - then the black bear said, “sit over there on the other side of the lodge,” it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: “hau, e-kaⁿ te,” i-yi i-ya-we (“hau, eką́ tte,” iyí iyáwe) - he said, “yes, it will be like that,” they say; he said, “yes, so shall it be,” they say [JOD]

► ex: “aⁿ-da-tʰe te-a,” i-yi i-ya-we (“ądátʰe ttéa,” iyí iyáwe) - she said, “let’s eat it,” they say [JOD]

► ex: “a-ki-kde te-a,” i-yi i-ya-we (“akí kde tteá,” iyí iyáwe) - she said, “I will go again after it (to get it),” they say [JOD]

► Dhegiha: i-ye (iye), i-e (ie) - speak; talk; speaker; word; language [Omaha]; i-e (í-e) - word; speak; spoke; say [JOD-Omaha]; i-e (í-e) - to speak; a language [FL-Osage]; i-e (íe) - talk about, discuss, speak of; talk, say, speak, make a speech or talk; speak a language; word, words; language; teachings, one’s word; speech; prayer [CQ-Osage]; i-e (íe) - speak; speech, language, sentence [Kaw]

 

quotative, hearsay evidential

► i-ya (iyá) - quotative, hearsay evidential

► ex: i-ya (iyá nikkąsą́) - it is said, they say [JOD]

► ex: k’iⁿ kʰi-taⁿ a-shi-ti i-tʰe-de naⁿ, i-ya (kʔį́ kʰíttą ášitti itʰéde ną, iyá) - when he reached home carrying (the meat) on his back, he piled it outside (the lodge), it is said

► ex: ki-ba-hi a-taⁿ wa-ba-tʰe o-zhi-ha niⁿ-kʰe o-ki-zhi maⁿ-niⁿ niⁿ, i-ya (kibáhi-attą́ wabátʰe óžiha nįkʰé okíži mą́nį nį́, iyá) - she walked around picking up the pieces, filling her sewing bag, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: wa-x’o zhi-ka niⁿ wa-ba-tʰe o-zhi-ha niⁿ-kʰe ki-k’iⁿ kde, i-ya (waxʔóžiká nį wabátʰe óžiha nįkʰe kikʔį́ kdé, iyá) - the old woman carried her sewing bag upon her back and went homeward, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: pa-te taⁿ k’iⁿ kde, i-ya (pátte tą kʔį kdé, iyá) - she butchered the carcass, packed it on her back, and carried it home, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: wa-sa-pa za-ni hi t’e-wa-de, i-ya (wasá-ppa zaní hi tʔéwade, iyá) - all of the black bears were killed, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: ni-ka miⁿ-xti wa-x’o miⁿ-xti, naⁿ-pa o-ka-shte, i-ya (níkka mį́-xti waxʔó mį́-xti, ną́pa okášté, iyá) - one male and one female, two remained after the striking down of the others, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► Dhegiha: i-ye (iye), i-e (ie) - speak; talk; speaker; word; language [Omaha]; i-e (í-e) - word; speak; spoke; say [JOD-Omaha]; i-e (í-e) - to speak; a language [FL-Osage]; i-e (íe) - talk about, discuss, speak of; talk, say, speak, make a speech or talk; speak a language; word, words; language; teachings, one’s word; speech; prayer [CQ-Osage]; i-e (íe) - speak; speech, language, sentence [Kaw]

 

quotative, non-hearsay eviden.

► i-ye (iyé) - quotative, non-hearsay eviden.

► ex: “ha-ki ni-ka-shi-ka e-ti niⁿ, kʰa-ke,” i-ye (“hakí níkkašíka ettí nį, kʰaké,” íye) - “where is the human being, younger brother?” he said [JOD]

► ex: a-te-zhe naⁿ, “ta-taⁿ ke aⁿ-te-zhe hi-de, mi-ka-x’e aⁿ-te-zhe hi-de e-te te,” i-ye (atéže ną, “táttą ke ą́teže hidé, mikkáxʔe ą́teže hidé étte tte,” iyé) - when I urinated, “what is this urinating on me, I wonder if it’s the stars urinating on me?” he said [JOD]

► ex: i-ye niⁿ i-ya (iyé nį iyá) she said/the mv. ob./they say [JOD]

► ex: “e-shoⁿ shi e-koⁿ t’e-di-da-we” i-ye niⁿ i-ya (“ešǫ́ ši ekǫ́ tʔédidawe” iyé nį iyá) - “then, you went and thus, like that, they killed you,” she was saying, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: i-ye niⁿ i-ya (iyé nį iyá) - said/the mv. ob. or as she walked/they say [JOD]

► ex: ho-wa-tʰe-ti t’e-dai tʰe i-te i-da-ki-de te i-ye niⁿ i-ya wa-x’o zhi-ka niⁿ (hówa tʰettí tʔédai tʰe itté idákide tte iyé nį iyá waxʔóžiká nį) - the old woman said, “wherever they may have killed him, I will seek him,” it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: i-ye pa (iyé pa) - they were saying [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ e-zhaⁿ-ke e-zhi pa, “wa-hiⁿ-ska ho-taⁿ hi aⁿ-ki-niⁿ kdi ni-he,” i-ye pa (kóišǫ́ttą ežą́ke éži pá, “wahį́ska hóttą hi ą́kinį kdí-nihé,” iyé pa) - then his step-daughters said, “bring back some really good calico cloth” [JOD]

► ex: i-ye naⁿ (iyé ną) - said/when [JOD]

► ex: iⁿ-kaⁿ, “di-te-ke wa-sa niⁿ-kʰe ta e-ti da,” i-ye naⁿ aⁿ-naⁿ-ho-sa naⁿ (įkką́ dítteke wasá niⁿkʰe tta étti dá iyé ną ąną́hosá naⁿ) - my grandmother scolded me and said, “go to the black bear, your uncle” [JOD]

► ex: i-ye tʰaⁿ (iyé tʰą) - he was saying as he stood [JOD]

► ex: “wi-e-hoⁿ t’e-aⁿ-da-we i-da-hoⁿ-bde,” i-ye tʰaⁿ, i-ya (“wíehǫ tʔeą́dawé idáhǫbde,” iyé tʰą, iyá) - he said, “me too, they killed me, I dreamed that,” it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: o-da-ke tʰi i-ye (odáke tʰí iyé) to tell news/has come/he says [JOD]

► ex: “hau, ma-shtiⁿ-ke o-da-ke tʰi i-ye,” i-ke-ya-we niⁿ i-ya (“hau, maštį́ke odáke tʰí iyé,” íkeyáwe nį́ iyá) - “ho, the rabbit says that he has come to tell us news,” they (black bears) said to one another, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► Dhegiha: i-ye (iye), i-e (ie) - speak; talk; speaker; word; language [Omaha]; i-e (í-e) - word; speak; spoke; say [JOD-Omaha]; i-e (í-e) - to speak; a language [FL-Osage]; i-e (íe) - talk about, discuss, speak of; talk, say, speak, make a speech or talk; speak a language; word, words; language; teachings, one’s word; speech; prayer [CQ-Osage]; i-e (íe) - speak; speech, language, sentence [Kaw]

 

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