Quapaw Dictionary

English to Quapaw Dictionary
A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H-I-J-K-L-M-N-O-P-Q-R-S-T-U-V-W-X-Y-Z
Quapaw Sources	Dhegiha Sources

each

► naⁿ-naⁿ (-ną́ną), na-na (-naná) - distributive of numerals

► cf. wa-da miⁿ naⁿ-naⁿ (wadá míⁿnąną́) - hourly; ha-na-ska naⁿ-naⁿ (hánaska ną́ną) - how big (is) each, (distributive)

► miⁿ naⁿ-naⁿ (mįną́ną) - by ones, one each, one apiece

► cf. miⁿ (mį) - one, a; naⁿ-naⁿ (-ną́ną), na-na (-naná) - distributive of numerals; wa-da miⁿ naⁿ-naⁿ (wadá mį́nąną́) - hourly

► Dhegiha: wiⁿ-thoⁿ-thoⁿ (wíⁿthoⁿthóⁿ) - one each, by ones, one at a time, one here and there [Omaha/Ponca]; wiⁿ thoⁿ-thoⁿ (wiⁿthoⁿthoⁿ) - each [Omaha]; wiⁿ-thoⁿ-thoⁿ (wíⁿ-thoⁿ-thoⁿ) - one apiece, one by one, as one to each [FL-Osage]; wiⁿ-noⁿ-the (wíⁿ-noⁿ-the) - each one, every individual, each [FL-Osage]; miⁿ yaⁿ-ye (míⁿ yaⁿye) - one apiece, one to each, distributive [Kaw]

► naⁿ-pa naⁿ-naⁿ (nąpánąną́) - two each, by twos, two apiece

► cf. naⁿ-pa (ną́pa), noⁿ-pa (nǫ́pa), noⁿ-ba (nǫ́ba) - two; naⁿ-naⁿ (-ną́ną), na-na (-naná) - distributive of numerals

► Dhegiha: noⁿ-ba thoⁿ-thoⁿ (noⁿba thoⁿthoⁿ) - couple [Omaha]; thoⁿ-ba noⁿ-the (thoⁿ-bá noⁿ-the) - two at a time, two to each person, two by two [FL-Osage]; noⁿ-ba yaⁿ-ye (noⁿbá yaⁿye) - two each, two apiece, distributive [Kaw]

► da-bniⁿ naⁿ-naⁿ (dábnįną́ną) - by threes, 3 apiece

► cf. da-bniⁿ (dábnį) - three; naⁿ-naⁿ (-ną́ną), na-na (-naná) - distributive of numerals

► Dhegiha: tha-bthiⁿ noⁿ-the (thá-bthiⁿ noⁿ-the) - to deal out by threes, three to each [FL-Osage]; ya-bliⁿ yaⁿ-ye (yábliⁿ yáⁿye) - three apiece, three to each, distributive [Kaw]

► to-wa naⁿ-naⁿ (towánąną́) - four each, by fours

► cf. to-wa (tówa) - four; naⁿ-naⁿ (-ną́ną), na-na (-naná) - distributive of numerals

► Dhegiha: do-ba yaⁿ-ye (dóba yàⁿye) - four apiece, four to each [Kaw]

► sa-taⁿ naⁿ-naⁿ (sáttąną́ną) - five apiece, by fives

► cf. sa-taⁿ (sáttą) - five; naⁿ-naⁿ (-ną́ną), na-na (-naná) - distributive of numerals

► Dhegiha: sa-taⁿ yaⁿ-ye (sátaⁿ yáⁿye) - five apiece, five each, distributive [Kaw]

► sha-pe naⁿ-naⁿ (šáppe ną́ną) - by sixes, 6 apiece, at a time

► cf. sha-pe (šappé) - six; naⁿ-naⁿ (-ną́ną), na-na (-naná) - distributive of numerals

► Dhegiha: sha-pe yaⁿ-ye (shápe yáⁿye) - six apiece, six each, distributive [Kaw]

► pe-naⁿ-pa naⁿ-naⁿ (ppénąpánąną́) - seven apiece, by sevens

► cf. pe-naⁿ-pa (ppénąpa) - seven; naⁿ-naⁿ (-ną́ną), na-na (-naná) - distributive of numerals

► Dhegiha: pe-yoⁿ-ba yaⁿ-ye (péyoⁿba yáⁿye) - seven apiece, seven each, distributive [Kaw]

► pe-da-bni naⁿ-naⁿ (ppedábnįną́ną) - eight apiece, at a time

► cf. pa-da-bniⁿ (ppedábnį) - eight; naⁿ-naⁿ (-ną́ną), na-na (-naná) - distributive of numerals

► Dhegiha: pe-ya-bliⁿ yaⁿ-ye (péyabliⁿ yáⁿye) - eight apiece, eight each, distributive [Kaw]; ki-a-do-ba yaⁿ-ye (kíadóba yàⁿye) - eight apiece, eight each, distributive [Kaw]

► shaⁿ-ka naⁿ-naⁿ (šą́kka ną́ną) - by nines

► cf. shaⁿ-ka (šą́kka) - nine; naⁿ-naⁿ (-ną́ną), na-na (-naná) - distributive of numerals

► Dhegiha: shoⁿ-ka thoⁿ-thoⁿ (shóⁿkathóⁿthoⁿ) - nine to each, by nines [Omaha/Ponca]; shaⁿ-ka yaⁿ-ye (sháⁿka yáⁿye) - nine apiece, nine each, distributive [Kaw]

► kde-bdaⁿ naⁿ-naⁿ (kdébdąną́ną) - by tens, 10 apiece/at a time

► cf. kde-bnaⁿ (kdébną), kde-bdaⁿ (kdebdą) - ten; naⁿ-naⁿ (-ną́ną), na-na (-naná) - distributive of numerals

► Dhegiha: gthe-bthoⁿ thoⁿ-thoⁿ (gthé-bthoⁿ thoⁿ-thoⁿ) - ten each [FL-Osage]; le-blaⁿ yaⁿ -ye (léblaⁿ yàⁿye) - ten each, ten apiece, distributive [Kaw]

► da-bniⁿ a-kniⁿ naⁿ-naⁿ (dábnįáknįną́ną) - by thirteens, 13 apiece

► cf. da-bni a-kniⁿ (dábni áknį) - thirteen, 3 sitting on (10); naⁿ-naⁿ (-ną́ną), na-na (-naná) - distributive of numerals

► Dhegiha: a-gthiⁿ tha-bthiⁿ thoⁿ-thoⁿ (agthíⁿthabthiⁿthóⁿthoⁿ) - thirteen to each, thirteen to each person, thirteen apiece [Omaha/Ponca]

► sha-pe a-kniⁿ naⁿ-naⁿ (šappé áknį ną́ną) - by sixteens, 16 each

► cf. sha-pe a-kniⁿ (šappé áknį) - sixteen, 6 sitting on (10); naⁿ-naⁿ (-ną́ną), na-na (-naná) - distributive of numerals

► Dhegiha: a-gthiⁿ sha-pe thoⁿ-thoⁿ (agthíⁿshapethóⁿthoⁿ) - sixteen to each, sixteen to each person, sixteen a piece [Omaha/Ponca]

► pe-naⁿ-pa a-kniⁿ naⁿ-naⁿ (ppénąpáaknį́nąną́) - seventeen apiece, at a time

► cf. pe-naⁿ-pa a-kniⁿ (ppénąpa áknį) - seventeen; naⁿ-naⁿ (-ną́ną), na-na (-naná) - distributive of numerals

► Dhegiha: a-gthiⁿ pe-thoⁿ-ba thoⁿ-thoⁿ (agthíⁿpethoⁿbathóⁿthoⁿ) - seventeen to each (person), seventeen apiece [Omaha/Ponca]

► shaⁿ-ka a-kniⁿ naⁿ-naⁿ (šą́kka áknį ną́ną) - by nineteens, 19 each

► cf. shaⁿ-ka a-kniⁿ (šą́kka áknį) - nineteen, 9 sitting on (10); naⁿ-naⁿ (-ną́ną), na-na (-naná) - distributive of numerals

► Dhegiha: a-gthiⁿ shoⁿ-ka thoⁿ-thoⁿ (agthíⁿshoⁿkáthóⁿthoⁿ) - nineteen to each, nineteen to each person, nineteen apiece [Omaha/Ponca]

► kde-bnaⁿ naⁿ-pa naⁿ-naⁿ (kdébnąną́paną́ną) - by twenties, 20 apiece

► cf. kde-bna noⁿ-ba (kdébnanǫ́ba), kde-bdaⁿ noⁿ-ba (kdebdąnǫba) - twenty; naⁿ-naⁿ (-ną́ną), na-na (-naná) - distributive of numerals

► Dhegiha: gthe-ba noⁿ-ba (gthéba nóⁿba) - twenty [Omaha/Ponca]; gthe-bthoⁿ thoⁿ-ba (gthé-bthoⁿ thoⁿ-ba) - twenty [FL-Osage]; le-braⁿ thoⁿ-pa (lébrą ðǫǫpá) - twenty, twentieth [CQ-Osage]; le-blaⁿ noⁿ-ba (léblaⁿ noⁿbá) - twenty [Kaw]

► kde-bdaⁿ da-bni naⁿ-naⁿ (kdébdądábniną́ną) - by thirties, 30 each

► cf. kde-bdaⁿ da-bni (kdébdą dábni) - thirty; naⁿ-naⁿ (-ną́ną), na-na (-naná) - distributive of numerals

► Dhegiha: gthe-ba tha-bthiⁿ (gthébathábthiⁿ) - thirty [Omaha/Ponca]; gthe-bthoⁿ tha-bthiⁿ (gthé-bthoⁿ tha-bthiⁿ) - thirty [FL-Osage]; le-braⁿ tha-briⁿ (lébrą ðáabrį) - thirty, thirtieth [CQ-Osage]; le-blaⁿ ya-bliⁿ (léblaⁿ yábliⁿ) - thirty [Kaw]

each other, crossing each other

► a-ki-di-te (ákkiditte) - crossing each other

► cf. o-zhoⁿ-ke a-ki-di-te (ožǫ́ke ákkiditte) - crossroads; a-ki-di-te-te (ákkidittétte) - crisscrossed; interlaced, as boughs, vines, etc.; di-te (ditté) - cross a stream; ni di-te-de (ní dittéde) - ford a stream; wa-di-te (wadítte) - masculine name, Crosses Stream, Harry Crawfish [MS]

► ex: a-ki-di-te-te i-tʰe-de (ákkidittette itʰéde) - to place a number of objects so that they cross one another

► Dhegiha: a-kʰi-thi-te u-ga-doⁿ (ákʰithíte ugádoⁿ) - to nail on crosswise, to crucify [Omaha/Ponca]; a-ʰki-thi-tse (á-ḳi-thi-tse) - that which lies across the breast [FL-Osage]

each other, help each other

► o-ki-kaⁿ (ókkikką́) - help each other ► o-a-ki-kaⁿ (oákkikką́) - I, o-da-ki-kaⁿ (odákkikką́) - you

► cf. o-ki-kaⁿ (okíkką) - help someone

► ex. wi-ki-kaⁿ ta (wi-gi-kun-tâ) - I will help you [LH]

► Dhegiha: u-wa-gi-koⁿ (úwagikóⁿ) - aid, help, to help them or us, to aid more than one person [Omaha/Ponca]; o-ki-ʰkaⁿ (okíʰką) - help one's own relative [CQ-Osage]; o-ki-ʰkaⁿ (okíʰką) - help another who is not a relative [CQ-Osage]; o-wa-kaⁿ (ówakaⁿ) - help, to help someone [Kaw]

each other, one another

ki (kkí), (kki[k]) - each other, one another; reflexsive, reciprocal

► ex: o-ki-kniⁿ (okkíknį) - sit together, with one another

► ex: a-ki-naⁿ-saⁿ kniⁿ (ákkiną́są knį) - sit facing one another, like children with the feet of one passing a little the feet of the opposite child

► ex: ki-ki-te (kkikkítte) - shoot one another, battle, war

► ex: o-ki-ki-e (okkíkkie) - talk to each other or oneself

► ex: a-ki-di-te (ákkiditte) - crossing each other

► ex: o-ki-kaⁿ (ókkikką́) - help each other

► ex: aⁿ- ki-pi-za-za (ąkkíppizaza) - let's seesaw each other, let's play seesaw

Dhegiha: kʰi (kʰi) - each other [Omaha/Ponca]; ʰki (ḳi) - one another, each other [FL-Osage]; kʰi (ʰkí), (ʰkik) - reciprocal prefix, each other, one another; reciprocal prefix with indirect interpretation (dative, benefactive, etc.,), for each other, to each other, with each other; reflexive prefix, oneself, myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves [CQ-Osage]; ki (ki), (ki[g]) - “reciprocal”, each other, one another; “reflexive” oneself [Kaw]

each other, talk to each other or oneself

► o-ki-ki-e (okkíkkie) - talk to each other or oneself ► o-a-ki-ki-e (oákkikkie) - I, o-da-ki-ki-e (odákkikkie) - you

► cf. o-ki-ki-e (okíkkie) - talk to a relation; o-ki-e (okkie), o-ki (okí), o-kye (okye), o-ke (okké) - speak, talk with one; o-ki-e (okkié) - court a girl

► Dhegiha: u-ki-ki-e (ukíkie) - chat [Omaha]; u-ki-ki-ye (ukikiye) - conversation, converse, court [Omaha]; u-ʰki-ʰki-e (u-ḳí-ḳi-e) - to speak to one another, to hold a conversation, a dialogue talk together [FL-Osage]; o-ʰki-ʰki-e (oʰkíʰkie) - talk with one another, converse with each other [CQ-Osage]; o-ki-ki-e (okíkie) - talk with one another [Kaw]

each, how big is each

► ha-na-ska naⁿ-naⁿ (hánaska ną́ną) - how big is each, (distributive)

► cf. ha-na-ska (hánaská) - how big/small, what size; naⁿ-naⁿ (-ną́ną), na-na (-naná) - distributive of numerals; ha-na-ska-ska (hánaskáska) - how big is each; ha-na-ska-ska hi-te (hánaskáska hitté) - whatever size, however big; de-na-ska (denaská) - of this size; e-naⁿ-ska (enąska) - of a certain size; ka-na-ska (kanaská) - of that size; kaⁿ-ze a-na-ska (kką́ze ánaska) - of equal or like size; koi-na-ska (kóinaská) - size of that distant object; miⁿ-de-na-ska (mįdénaska) - half that size; she-na-ska (šenaská) - big enough size, of that size

► ex: ti -tʰe ha-naⁿ-ska e (tti tʰe hánąska e) - how big is the house

► Dhegiha: a-thoⁿ-ska (athoⁿçka) - size [Omaha]; wiⁿ-de-na-ska (wiⁿdénaska) - of a-na-ska (anaska), half that size, half as big [Omaha/Ponca]; wiⁿ-de-thoⁿ-ska (wiⁿdéthoⁿska) - of a-tha-ska (a¢aⁿska), half the size, half as big [Omaha/Ponca]; a-thoⁿ-ska a (á-thoⁿ-çka a) - of what size is it, how large [FL-Osage]; ha-thoⁿ-ska (há-thoⁿ-çka) - size, as measurement [FL-Osage]; ha-tha-skaⁿ (háaðaską) - how big, how small [CQ-Osage]; ha-yoⁿ-ska (háyoⁿska), ha-yaⁿ-ska (háyaⁿska) - how big, what size [Kaw]

► ha-na-ska-ska (hánaskáska) - how big is each, (distributive)

► cf. ha-na-ska (hánaská) - how big/small, what size; ha-na-ska naⁿ-naⁿ (hánaska ną́ną) - how big is each, (distributive); ha-na-ska-ska hi-te (hánaskáska hitté) - whatever size, however big; de-na-ska (denaská) - of this size; e-naⁿ-ska (enąska) - of a certain size; ka-na-ska (kanaská) - of that size; kaⁿ-ze a-na-ska (kką́ze ánaska) - of equal or like size; koi-na-ska (kóinaská) - size of that distant object; miⁿ-de-na-ska (mįdénaska) - half that size; she-na-ska (šenaská) - big enough size, of that size

► ex: ti -tʰe ha-naⁿ-ska e (tti tʰe hánąska e) - how big is the house

eagle

► xi-da (xidá) - eagle

► Dhegiha: xi-tha (qithá) - eagle [Omaha/Ponca]; xi-tha (xithá) - eagle [Omaha]; xi-tha (xi-tha), xiu-tha (xiu-thá), xu-tha (xu-thá) - eagle, golden eagle, the golden eagle figures in the Osage rites as a symbol of courage, the black on the tips of it’s tail feathers represents fire and charcoal [FL-Osage]; xu-tha (xúða), xi-tha (xíða) - eagle [CQ-Osage]; xu-ya (xuyá) - the large white or golden eagle, in this class are four or five other birds [Kaw]

eagle, holy bird

► wa-zhiⁿ-ka xo-we (wažį́ka xówe) - eagle [MS]

► wa-zhiⁿ-ka xo-we (wažį́ka xówe) - eagle, “holy bird”

► cf. wa-zhiⁿ-ka (wažį́ka) - bird; xo-we (xówe) - sacred, holy

► Dhegiha: xu-be (xube) - hallowed, holy, wizard [Omaha]; xu-be (xúbe) - holy, supernatural power, sanctity [FL-Osage]; xo-pe (xópe) - sacred, consecrated, holy [CQ-Osage]; wa-xo-we (waxówe), wa-xo-be (waxóbe) - sacred, holy, mysterious [Kaw]

eagle claw

► wa-zhiⁿ-ka xo-we sha-ke (wažį́ka xówe šáke) - eagle claw [MS]

► cf. wa-zhiⁿ-ka xo-we (wažį́ka xówe) - eagle; wa-zhiⁿ-ka (wažį́ka) - bird; xo-we (xówe) - sacred, holy; sha-ke (šáke) - claw, talon, hoof; wa-zhiⁿ-ka sha-ke (wažį́ka šáke) - bird’s claw; wa-zhiⁿ-ka sha-ke to-te wa-naⁿ-‘iⁿ (wažį́ka šáke tótte waną́ʔį) - birds’ claw necklace; naⁿ-pe sha-ke (nąpé šáke) - fingernail; si-pa sha-ke (sippá šáke) - toe nail

► Dhegiha: sha-ge (shage) - hoof, talon, claws, fingernails [Omaha]; sha-ge (shá-ge) - hands, paws, claws, talons [FL-Osage]; sha-ke (šáake) - hand, claw, handprint, footprint, tracks, hands of the body that are touched by the attendees when passing by it at a funeral, finger [CQ-Osage]; sha-ge (sháge) - claws, finger [Kaw]

eagle feather

► xi-da ma-shaⁿ (xidá mašą́) - eagle quill feather(s)

► cf. xi-da (xidá) - eagle; ma-shaⁿ (mášą), ma-shoⁿ (mášǫ) - feather, wing or quill feather

► Dhegiha: ma-shoⁿ (máshoⁿ) - quill feather [Omaha/Ponca]; moⁿ-shoⁿ (moⁿshoⁿ) - feather, hackle feather [Omaha]; moⁿ-shoⁿ (móⁿ-shoⁿ) - feather, plume, plumage [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-shaⁿ (mą́šą), maⁿ-shoⁿ (mą́šǫ), moⁿ-shoⁿ (mǫ́šǫ) - feathers of certain kinds of birds, such as eagle, hawk, and macaw, fan made of feathers as used in peyote meeting [CQ-Osage]; mo-shoⁿ (móshoⁿ), mo-sho (mósho) - feather, quill feather [Kaw]

Eagle Head

► xi-da pa-hi (qi-d^¢á pa-hí) - masculine name of the Kwapa Eagle gens; Eagle Head (rather than Eagle Neck). In Omaha and Ponka, pa-hi (p͓ahi) is neck, not head [JOD]

► cf. xi-da (xidá) - eagle; pa-hi (ppahí) - head

► Dhegiha: xi-tha pa-hi (xithápahi) - Eagle Neck, male name [Omaha]

eagle headdress

► xi-da o-kdaⁿ-ke (xidá okną́ke) - headdress made of eagle skins

► cf. xi-da (xidá) - eagle; o-kdaⁿ-ke (ókdąke) - hat or cap; wa-pa-hi o-knaⁿ (wappáhi okną́) - headdress of woven yarn; ma-ze o-knaⁿ (mazé okną́) - bridle; pa-hi o-kdaⁿ (ppáhi ókdą), pa-hi o-knaⁿ (ppáhi ókną), pa-ho-knaⁿ (pahókną) - hat, cap, “head is put inside”; wa-x’o pa-hi-o-knaⁿ (waxʔó ppáhiókną) - bonnet

► Dhegiha: xi-tha u-gthoⁿ-ge (xi-tha-ú-gthoⁿ-ge) - eagle feather headdress [FL-Osage]; xu-tha-laⁿ-ke (xúðalą́ke) - eagle headdress [CQ-Osage]; xu-ya o-laⁿ-ge (xuyá oláⁿge), xu-yo-laⁿ-ge (xuyólaⁿge) - war bonnet, a headdress made of eagle feathers or of entire eagles [Kaw]

Eagle Thunder Being

► xi-da wa-kaⁿ-ta (qid^¢á wakan′ta) - masculine name, Geo Redeagle’s 1st name, when baby; Eagle Thunder being, Geo Redeagle [JOD]

► cf. xi-da (xidá) - eagle; wa-kaⁿ-ta (wakką́tta), wa-koⁿ-ta (wakǫ́ta) - God

► Dhegiha: xu-tha wa-ʰkoⁿ-da (xu-thá wa-ḳoⁿ-da) - Mysterious Eagle, male personal name [FL-Osage]

eagle, Ancestral Eagle

► xi-da haⁿ-ka (qi-d^¢á hañ′-k͓a) - masculine name of the Kwapa Eagle gens; Ancestral Eagle [JOD]

► cf. xi-da (xidá) - eagle; haⁿ-ka (hą́ka) - ancestral or first gens

► Dhegiha: xu-ya haⁿ-ga (xuyá háⁿga) - Ancestral Eagle, male name [Kaw]

eagle, Ancestral or First White Eagle

► xi-da ska haⁿ-ka (qi-d^¢á ska hañ′-k͓a) - masculine name of the Kwapa Eagle gens; Ancestral or First White Eagle near by [JOD]

► cf. xi-da (xidá) - eagle; ska (ska) - white; xi-da ska (xidá ska) - white eagle; haⁿ-ka (hą́ka) - ancestral or first gens; xi-da haⁿ-ka (qi-d^¢á hañ′-k͓a) - masculine name of the Kwapa Eagle gens; Ancestral Eagle [JOD]

► Dhegiha: hoⁿ-ga (hóⁿga) - leader or first, implies the idea of ancient, or first, people; those who led, moiety or tribal half representing the earth and it’s water [Omaha-Fletcher/LaFlesche]; huⁿ-ga (húⁿga) - ancient one, the one who goes before, leader, peace as symbolized by a little child [Omaha-Fletcher/LaFlesche]; haⁿ-ka (háñk͓a) - the name of the gentes on the right side of the Osage tribal circle [JOD-Osage]; haⁿ-ka (hą́ka), hoⁿ-ga (hó̜ga) - the name of the two great tribal divisions of the Osage Tribe, the division representing the earth with its water and dry land. The word signifies sacred or holy, an object that is venerated. It is also the name of a subdivision representing the dry land of the earth. The dark-plummed eagle is spoken of by this term, because of its synbolic use; a child chosen as an emblem of innocence in a peace ceremony is called Hoⁿ-ga. The origin of the word, being obscure, can not be analyzed [FL-Osage]; hoⁿ-ga (hóⁿ-ga) - The Sacred One, personal name [FL-Osage]; haⁿ-ka (hą́ka) - sacred, holy, bald eagle, dark-plummed eagle, earth division of the Osage tribe, innocence emblem in peace ceremony, a child [CQ-Osage]

eagle, bald eagle

► xi-da pa saⁿ (xidá ppa są́) - bald eagle

► cf. xi-da (xidá) - eagle; pa (ppa) - head; saⁿ (są) - white in the distance

► Dhegiha: pa-soⁿ (pasóⁿ) - bald eagle (Haliaetus leucocephalus), “white head” [Omaha/Ponca]; xu-tha pa-soⁿ (xu-thá p̣a-çoⁿ) - bald eagle [FL-Osage]; xu-ya pa-su (xuyá pasú) - bald eagle [Kaw]

► pa-hi-ska (ppahíska) - bald eagle, white head, name of Pawhuska, OK.

► pa-hi ska (ppahíska) - white head [MS, OM, LQ]

► pa-hi ska (pa-hí ska) - masculine personal name, White Head [JOD-Quapaw]

► cf. pa-hi (ppahí) - head; ska (ska) - white, white nearby

► Dhegiha: pa-hi-ska (pahíska) - male name, head, hair, white (buffalo when shoulder hair is shed [Omaha]; ʰpa-hiu-ska (p̣a-hiú-çka) - White-hair, personal name, refers to the sacred white buffalo [FL-Osage]; ʰpa-hiⁿ-ska (ʰpahį́įska) - Pawhuska, lit., ‘white head hair, white hair (of the head) [CQ-Osage]; pa-hu-ska taⁿ-ga (pahúska táⁿga) - male name, White Hair, Sr. [Kaw]

eagle, Big White Eagle

► xi-da ska taⁿ-ka (qid^¢á ska tañ′k͓a) - masculine name, (Robert Thompson) bro of …. [JOD]

► xi-da ska taⁿ-ka (xidá ska ttą́ka) - Big White Eagle, male name [MS]

► cf. xi-da (xidá) - eagle; ska (ska) - white; taⁿ-ka (ttą́ka) - big, large

eagle, Dried Eagle

► xi-da xe-ka (qi-d^¢á qé-k͓a) - masculine name of the Kwapa Eagle gens; Dried Eagle [JOD]

► cf. xi-da (xidá) - eagle; xe-ka (xéka) - dry, without sap; pa-hi xe-ka (ppahí xéka) - skull, lit. “dried head”; di-xe-ka (dixéka) - dry out from breaking (limbs); xe-ka taⁿ (qek͓á taⁿ) - mascilinename, father of wa-ti-zhi (watíji) [JOD]; xe-ka taⁿ (Krakaton, Hackatton, Hackehton) - Dry Man, Treaty with the Quapaw [1818, 1824, 1833]

► Dhegiha: xi-tha xe-ga (xitháxega) - Eagle the Color of Dried Grass, male name [Omaha]

eagle, Little Eagle, Eaglet

► xi-da zhi-ka (qi-d^¢á jí-k͓a) - masculine name of the Kwapa xi-da ni-ka-shi-ka (qid^¢é nikacik͓a) or Eagle gens; Eaglet [JOD]

► xi-da zhi-ka (xidá žíka) - Little Eagle, male name [MS]

► cf. xi-da (xidá) - eagle; zhi-ka (žiká), zhi-ga (žigá) - small, little, young

► Dhegiha: xi-tha zhiⁿ-ga (xitházhinga) - Little Eagle, male name [Omaha]; xi-tha zhiⁿ-ga (xi-thá zhiⁿ-ga) - young bald eagle [FL-Osage]; xu-ya zhiⁿ-ga (xuyá zhíⁿga) - Eaglet, male name [Kaw]

eagle, Little White Eagle

► xi-da ska zhi-ka (qid^¢á ska jík͓a) - masculine name, Little White Eagle [JOD]

► xi-da ska zhi-ka (xidá ska žíka) - Little White Eagle, male name [MS]

► cf. xi-da (xidá) - eagle; ska (ska) - white; zhi-ka (žiká), zhi-ga (žigá) - small, little, young; xi-da ska (xidá ska) - White Eagle, male name; xi-da zhi-ka (xidá žíka) - Little Eagle, Eaglet, male name

eagle, Male Eagle

► xi-da ni-ka (qi-d^¢á ní-ka) - masculine name of the Kwapa Eagle gens; Male Eagle (of the human race). In Kwapa, ni-ka (nika) is sometimes used to denote a male animal; but in Omaha and Ponka it means, a male of the human race [JOD]

► cf. xi-da (xidá) - eagle; ni-ka (níkka) - man, male animal

► Dhegiha: xi-tha ni-ka (xithánika) - Eagle Person, personal name [Omaha]; xu-tha ni-ʰka (xu-thá ni-ḳa) - Eagle Man, male personal name [FL-Osage]

eagle, Real Eagle

► xi-da-xti (qi-d^¢á-qti) - masculine name of the Kwapa Eagle gens; Real Eagle [JOD]

► cf. xi-da (xidá) - eagle; xti (-xti) - very, real, fully; we-s’-xti (wésʔaxti) - rattlesnake, “real snake”; o-ka-xpa-xti (okáxpa xti) - town name, “Real Quapaws”, one of the 5 villages; spelled Kappa, Cappa, Cappaha, etc.; shiⁿ-xti (šįxtí) - very fat, really fat; miⁿ-xti (mį́xti) - one, “miⁿ (mį) - one [MS, MR, FR, AG, OM]

► Dhegiha: xi-tha xti (xitháxti) - Real Eagle, male name [Omaha]; xu-tha xtsi (xu-thá xtsi) - Real Eagle, male personal name [FL-Osage]; xu-ya xtsi (xuyáxci) - Real Eagle, male name [Kaw]

eagle, Spotted Eagle

► xi-da kde-zhe (xidá kdéže) - spotted eagle

► xi-da kde-zhe (xidá kdéže) - Spotted Eagle, male name [MS]

► xi-da kde-zhe (qid^¢á ktqejĕ′) - masculine name, Austin Brown (Alice's Bro) [JOD]

► cf. xi-da (xidá) - eagle; kde-zhe (kdežé) - spotted

► Dhegiha: xi-tha gthe-zhe (qitha gthezhe) - spotted eagle [Omaha/Ponca]; xu-tha gthe-zhe (xu-thá gthe-zhe) - Speckled Eagle, male personal name [FL-Osage]; xu-ya le-zhe (xuyá lezhé) - Spotted Eagle, male name [Kaw]

eagle, Standing Eagle

► xi-da na-zhiⁿ (qid^¢á najiⁿ′) - masculine name [JOD]

► xi-da na-zhiⁿ (qid^¢á najiⁿ′) - masculine name (another Jas. Young) son of Seneca man & Quapaw mother [JOD]

► cf. xi-da (xidá) - eagle; na-zhiⁿ (nažį́) - stand

► Dhegiha: na-zhiⁿ (nazhíⁿ) - stand, continue, to stand, to continue, keep doing something [Omaha/Ponca]; noⁿ-zhiⁿ (noⁿ-zhiⁿ) - to rise or stand, stood [FL-Osage]; naⁿ-zhiⁿ (nąąžį́), naⁿ-zhi (nąąží) - stand, be standing, stand up, get up, terminate ongoing activity preparatory to departing, stop, cause to stop, halt, detain someone who is passing by [CQ-Osage]; na-zhiⁿ (nazhíⁿ), naⁿ-zhiⁿ (naⁿzhíⁿ) - stand, stand up [Kaw]

eagle, Under Feathers of an Eagle

► xi-da hiⁿ (qi-d^¢á hiⁿ) - masculine name of the Kwapa Eagle (?) gens; Under-feathers of an Eagle [JOD]

► cf. xi-da (xidá) - eagle; hiⁿ (hį) - hair of the body, down of bird

► Dhegiha: hiⁿ (hiⁿ) - hair on body, fur [Omaha]; hiⁿ (hiⁿ) - hair or fur, hair of the human body, also the hair of an animal [FL-Osage]; hiⁿ (hí̜į) - hair, whiskers, fur, fuzz as on a peach, slivers or small strips of anything [CQ-Osage]; hiⁿ (hiⁿ) - fur, body hair, feathers [Kaw]

eagle, Visible Eagle

► xi-da t’iⁿ (qi-d^¢á t’iⁿ) - female name of the (Kwapa) oⁿpʰŭⁿ gens; Visible Eagle [JOD]

► cf. he a-ka-t’iⁿ (he ák͓at’iⁿ) - masculine name, Horns (of young Elk) becoming Visible [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ʰtoⁿ-iⁿ (ṭóⁿ-iⁿ) - pronounced ʰtiⁿ (ṭiⁿ), visible, readily seen [FL-Osage]; ʰtiⁿ (ʰtį́į), ʰtsiⁿ (ʰcį́į), ʰtiⁿ-e (ʰtį́e) - appear, show [CQ-Osage]; tiⁿ (tiⁿ) - visible [Kaw]

eagle, White Eagle Female

► xi-da ska iⁿ (qid^¢á skáiⁿ) - female name, White Eagle Female, 18 or 20 yrs (with Osage-Quapaws), dau of a-hi da-kni (ahi d^¢ak͓iⁿ); ma-xe (maqé) [JOD]

► cf. xi-da (xidá) - eagle; ska (ska) - white, miⁿ (mį), mi (mi) - female

► Dhegiha: wiⁿ (wiⁿ) - woman, female, in names, woman or female [Omaha/Ponca] wiⁿ (wiⁿ) - woman, female [FL-Osage]; miⁿ (mí̜į) - female [CQ-Osage]; mi (mi) - woman, female [Kaw]

eagle, White Eagle Standing

► xi-da ska na-zhiⁿ (xidá ska nažį́) - White Eagle Standing, male name [MS]

► cf. xi-da (xidá) - eagle; ska (ska) - white; na-zhiⁿ (nažį́) - stand

eagle, White Eagle, bald eagle

► xi-da ska (xidá ska) - white eagle

► xa-da ska (xaDásGa) - bald eagle [FV]

► kʰa-da ska (k'aDásGa) - bald eagle [VG]

► xi-da ska (qi-d^¢á ska) - masculine name of the Kwapa Eagle gens; White Eagle near by [JOD]

► cf. xi-da (xidá) - eagle; ska (ska) - white, white nearby; xi-da ska zhi-ka (xidá ska žíka) - Little White Eagle, male personal name [MS]

► Dhegiha: xi-tha ska (xitháska) - White Eagle, personal name [Omaha]; xi-tha-ska (xi-thá-çka) - white eagle, also the name of a Ponca Indian [FL-Osage]; xu-ya ska (xuyá ska) - White Eagle, male name [Kaw]

Eagle’s Bill

► xi-da pa (qi-d^¢á pa) - masculine name of the Kwapa Eagle gens [JOD]

► xi-da pa (qid^¢á pa) - masculine name [JOD]

► xi-da pa (Hradapaa) - Eagle’s Bill, male name, Treaty of St. Louis with the Quapaw (1818)

► cf. xi-da (xidá) - eagle; pa (ppa) - nose, beak, bill

► Dhegiha: xu-tha ʰpa (xu-thá p̣a) - Eagle Head, male personal name [FL-Osage]; xi-tha pa (xi-thá p̣a) - white-headed eagle [FL-Osage]

ear lobe

► naⁿ-ta o-shtaⁿ-ka (nąttá oštąká) - ear lobe

► cf. naⁿ-ta (nąttá) - ear, the external ear; shtoⁿ-ka (štǫká) - soft; pa-zhiⁿ-zhe o-shtaⁿ-ka (ppažį́že oštą́ka) - nose, tip, “soft part”; wa-shtaⁿ-ka (waštą́ka) - green corn; di-shtoⁿ-ka (dištǫ́ka) - hold a soft object; a-bi-shtaⁿ-ka (ábištąka) - sit softly on, as when a horse is saddled with a blanket

► Dhegiha: ni-ta u-shtoⁿ-ga (nita ushtoⁿga) - ear lobe [Omaha]; u-shtoⁿ-ga (ushtóⁿga) - soft part, any soft part [Omaha/Ponca]; shtoⁿ-ga (shtoⁿga) - soft [Omaha]; shtoⁿ-ga (shtoⁿ-ga) - soft [FL-Osage]; shtoⁿ-ka (štǫ́ka) - soft [CQ-Osage]; shtoⁿ-ga (shtoⁿgá) - be soft [Kaw]

ear of corn

► wa-zhiⁿ-aⁿ-he (wažį́ąhé) - ear of corn

► Dhegiha: wa-ha-ba (wáhaba) - corn [Omaha]; wa-ha-ba (wahába) - corn, ear of corn, corn on the cob [Omaha/Ponca]; ha-ba (há-ba) - corn on the cob [FL-Osage]; ha-pa (hápa) - corn, fresh corn [CQ-Osage]; ha-ba (hába) - ear of corn [Kaw]

ear, inner ear, opening of the ear

► ni-xi-te (niγítte) - inner ear, opening of the ear, hearing

► ni-xi-te (niγítte) - ear, the ear hole [MS]

► ni-xe-te (ni˙xé˙tte) - ear [VG]

► cf. ni-xi-te (niγítte) - hearing; ni-xi-te ni-ke (niγítte níke) - to be deaf, to be disobedient

ex: ni-xi-te maⁿ-tʰe tiⁿiⁿ (niγítte mą́tʰe ttį́į́) - ringing in the ear [MS]

► Dhegiha: noⁿ-xi-de (noⁿxide) - ear, the inner hearing organ [Omaha]; na-xi-de (naxíde) - ear [JOD-Omaha]; noⁿ-xu-dse (noⁿ-xú-dse) - the internal, that which holds the hearing orifice [FL-Osage]; naⁿ-xu-tse (nąąγúce) - ear, inner ear, act of hearing, understanding, paying attention, heeding advice [CQ-Osage]; ni-ghu-je (nighúje) - the external ear, sense of hearing [Kaw]

► ni-xi-te niⁿ-ke (niqítĕ niñk͓é), na-xi-te niⁿ-ke (naqítĕ niñk͓é) - masculine name, was father of mi-hi-ta (míhita) [JOD]

► cf. ni-xi-te ni-ke (niγítte níke) - to be deaf, to be disobedient; ni-xi-te (niγítte) - ear, inner, opening of the ear, hearing; ni-ke (niké) - to have none, be lacking

► Dhegiha: noⁿ-xi-de thi-ge (noⁿxide thiⁿge) - mischief, disobedient, boisterous, brat, wild human [Omaha]; noⁿ-xu-dse thiⁿ-ge (noⁿ-xú-dse thiⁿ-ge) - No Ears, personal name [FL-Osage]; naⁿ-xu-tse thiⁿ-ke (nąąɣúce ðįké) - no ears, refers to a person who won’t listen and is doing things wrong, doesn’t listen to advice [CQ-Osage]; ni-ghu-je yiⁿ-ge (nighúje yiⁿgé) - Deaf to Cries for Mercy (as a warrior is in times of battle), a personal name [Kaw]

ear, meatus of the ear, the external opening

► na-xi-te o-x’o-te (naxítte oxʔótte), na-xi-te o-x’o-de (naxítte oxʔóde) - meatus of the ear, the external opening

► cf. ni-xi-te (niγítte) - inner ear, opening of the ear, hearing; o-x’o-te (oxʔótte) - hole, natural opening; pa-zhiⁿ-zhe o-x’o-te (ppažį́že oxʔótte) - nostril(s)

ear, ringing in the ear

► ni-xi-te maⁿ-tʰe tiⁿiⁿ (niγítte mą́tʰe ttį́į́) - ringing in the ear [MS]

► cf. ni-xi-te (niγítte) - inner ear, opening of the ear, hearing; maⁿ-tʰe (mą́tʰe) - inside, in, within, under; tiⁿiⁿ (ttį́į́) - ringing sound in the ear, onomatopoeia

► Dhegiha: moⁿ-te (moⁿte) - inside [Omaha]; moⁿ-tse (móⁿ-tse) - in the deepest of secret places [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-tsʰe (mącʰé) - in the center of something, centrally located, within, underneath [CQ-Osage]; maⁿ-che (máⁿche) - underneath, within [Kaw]

ear, the external ear

► naⁿ-ta (nąttá) - ear, the external ear

► naⁿ-ta (nąttá) - ear [MS, AB]

► noⁿ-ta (not-tah) - ears (oreilles) [GI]

► noⁿ-ta (nǫttá) - ear [FV]

► cf. naⁿ-ta ba-xto (nąttá baxtó) - perforations for earrings; naⁿ-ta taⁿ-ka (nąttá ttą́ka) - donkey [MS]; naⁿ-ta ste-te (nąttá stétte) - mule, “long ears”; naⁿ-ta taⁿ-ka (nąttá ttą́ka) - mule, lit. “big ears”

► ex: shoⁿ-ke naⁿ-ta ni-ke niⁿ-kʰe (šǫ́ke nąttá niké nįkʰé) - the dog didn't have no ear [MS]

► Dhegiha: ni-ta (nita) - ear [Omaha]; noⁿ-ʰta (noⁿ-ṭá) - ears, the lobe of the ear [FL-Osage]; naⁿ-ʰtaⁿ (nąąʰtą́) - ear of a person or animal, outer part of ear, earlobe [CQ-Osage]; naⁿ-ta (naⁿtá) - ear, the external ear [Kaw]

early winter

► wa-sa zhoⁿ aⁿ-he (wasá žǫ́ ąhé) - month in the Quapaw lunar calendar, early Winter or late Autumn, precedes sni-wa-te o-skaⁿ-ska (sniwáte oską́ska)

► cf. wa-sa (wasá) - black bear; zhoⁿ (žǫ), zhaⁿ (žą) - sleep, lie, recline; oⁿ-he (ǫhé) - lay sg/ly/in inside something, put

► sni-wa-te o-skaⁿ-ska (sniwáte oską́ska) - month in the Quapaw lunar calendar, early Winter, precedes pa-de o-skaⁿ-ska (páde oską́ska)

► cf. sni-wa-te (sníwatte) - winter [FR, OM]; sni-wa-te (sníwatte) sni-wa-te - cold weather [MS, AG]; (sníwatte) - winter, north; sni-wa-te (sniwátte) - power of winter (male); o-skaⁿ-ska (oskąská) - half (in length)

► Dhegiha: ʰni-wa-ʰtse (ʰní-wa-ṭse) - cold weather, a cold day [FL-Osage]; ni-wa-ʰtse (níwaʰce) - be cold, an impersonal weather expression, not used for people [CQ-Osage]; hni-wa-tse (hniwace) - cold, as the weather, winter, the cold months, approximately September - February [Kaw]

earring

► iⁿ-ta (į́tta) - earring

► iⁿ-ta (į́tta) - earring [MS]

► weⁿ toⁿ (wĕⁿ tŭⁿ) - pair ear rings, from Mī hī ta and Mrs. Clabber [MH]

► Dhegiha: ga-shpe u-iⁿ (gashpé uíⁿ) - clam shell, ear pendant, oblong pieces of clam-shell, from two to six inches long, worn as ear-pendants by Ponca man and women [Omaha/Ponca]; u-wiⁿ (úwiⁿ) - earring [Omaha]; iⁿ-iⁿ-ʰtoⁿ (íⁿ-iⁿ-ṭoⁿ) - earrings [FL-Osage]; i-iⁿ-ʰtoⁿ (í-iⁿ-ṭoⁿ) - an earring [FL-Osage]; iⁿ-ʰtoⁿ (į́įʰtǫ) - earring [CQ-Osage]; tsi-ho-ba ska oiⁿ to (cíhoba ska óiⁿ tó) - shell earrings, 3" or 4" long [Kaw]

earring, perforations for earrings

► naⁿ-ta ba-xto (nąttá baxtó), naⁿ-ta ba-xdo (nąttá baxdó) - perforations for earrings

► cf. naⁿ-ta (nąttá) - ear, the external ear; ba-xdo (baxdó), ba-xto (baxtó) - pierce, stab, perforate; pa ba-xto (ppá baxtó), pa ba-xdo (ppá baxdo) - nose perforation for ring; ki-ne-ba-xdo (kinébaxdó) - cactus [MS]; ke-naⁿ-ba-xdo (keną́baxdó dasʔį́) - cactus fruit, “what sticks...”; wa-naⁿ-bde i-ba-xto (waną́bde íbaxto) - fork, lit. “something to stick food” [OM]; wa-naⁿ-bdi-ba-xto (waną́bdibaxto) - fork, lit. “something to stick food” [MS]; ho we-ba-xto (ho wébaxto) - fish spear; ma-ze we-ba-xto (máze wébaxto) - spear, war spear

► Dhegiha: ba-xthu (baxthu) - pierce [Omaha]; ba-xtho-ge (ba-xthó-ge) - to pierce, perforate, punch, make a hole in a piece of leather [FL-Osage]; ba-xlo-ge (baxlóge) - pierce, impale, hold with a fork [Kaw]

earth, dirt, soil, ground

► ma-ni-ka (maníkka) - earth, soil, ground

► ma-ni-ka (maníkka) - ground, earth, dirt, soil [MS, OM]

► ma-ni-ka (monick-kah) - soil, ground, earth (terre de la) [GI]

► ma-ni-ka (maní˙kka) - earth, dirt, ground [FS]

► cf. ma-ni-ka de-xe (maníkka déγe) - pottery, clay pottery; ma-ni-ka di-haⁿ-haⁿ (maníkka dihą́hą) - earthquake; ma-ni-ka o-ka-kdo (maníkka okákdo) - quicksand; ma-ni-ka shi-we (maníkka šíwe) - worm, earthworm

► Dhegiha: moⁿ-thiⁿ-kʰa zi (moⁿthíⁿkʰa zí) - yellow earth, used in painting [Omaha/Ponca]; moⁿ-thiⁿ-ʰka (moⁿ-thíⁿ-ḳa), moⁿ-iⁿ-ʰka (moⁿ-iⁿ́-ḳa) - ground, earth, soil, clay, mud [FL-Osage]; moⁿ-thiⁿ-ʰka (mǫðįʰka), maⁿ-iⁿ-ʰka (mą́įʰka) - soil, ground, earth, clay, mud, dirt [CQ-Osage]; maⁿ-yiⁿ-ka (maⁿyíⁿka) - earth, ground, clay, soil [Kaw]

earth, hollow earth

► maⁿ-kdo-xa (mąkdóxa), maⁿ-xdo-x’a (mąxdoxʔa) - cave, lit. “hollow earth”

► cf. kdo-x’a (kdoxʔa), xdo-x’a (xdoxʔa) - empty; di-kdo-x’a (dikdóxʔa), di-kto-x’a (diktóxʔa) - empty by pulling contents out

► Dhegiha: xthu-’a (xthu’a) - hollow, baggy [Omaha/Ponca]; xthu-’a(xthu’a) - hollow, empty [Omaha]; xthu-xa (qthúqa) - empty, emptied of its contents [Omaha/Ponca]; xthu-’a (xthú-‘a), xthu-ʰk’a (xthu-ḳ’a) - hollow, any kind of hollow in a tree or log [FL-Osage]; xtho-ʰk’a (xthó-ḳ’a) - empty, emptiness [FL-Osage]; xlo-k’a (xlók’a) - hollow, empty [Kaw]

earthquake

► ma-ni-ka di-haⁿ-haⁿ (maníkka dihą́hą) - earthquake

► cf. ma-ni-ka (maníkka) - earth, soil, ground; di-hoⁿ-hoⁿ (dihǫ́hǫ) - shake something

► Dehgiha: toⁿ-de shkoⁿ (tóⁿde shkoⁿ) - earthquake [Omaha]; moⁿ-zhoⁿ shkoⁿ (moⁿ-zhóⁿ shkoⁿ) - earthquake [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-zhaⁿ shkaⁿ (mąžą́ šką́) - earthquake, lit. “earth move” [CQ-Osage]; maⁿ-yiⁿ-ka shkaⁿ (maⁿyíⁿka shkáⁿ) - earthquake, lit. “the earth moves” [Kaw]

earthworm

► ma-ni-ka shi-we (maníkka šíwe) - worm, earthworm, lit. “entrails of dirt, soil”

► ma-ni-ka shi-we (monikka-chiweh) - worm (ver un) [GI]

► cf. ma-ni-ka (maníkka) - earth, soil, ground; shi-we (šíwe), shiu-we (šü´we), shu-we (šúwe) - guts, entrails

► Dhegiha: moⁿ-thiⁿ-kʰa shi-be (moⁿthíⁿkʰa shíbe) - earthworm, “bowels of the soil” [Omaha/Ponca]; moⁿ-thiⁿ-ka shi-be (moⁿthíⁿka shibe) - angle worm [Omaha]; wa-lu-shka shu-be (walúshka shúbe) - worm, earthworm, lit. “entrail insect” [Kaw]; wa-lu-shka tsu-shu-we (walúshka cúshuwe) - worm, earthworm [Kaw]

east

► pa-zi-te-de (ppázittede) - east, east wind

► pa-zi sto-i-de (ppázi stóide) - east [MS]

► Dhegiha: pa-zaⁿ to-le (pazan-tule) - east [Fr. Ponziglione-Osage]; pa-zaⁿ ʰta hu (pázą ʰtá hu) - east wind, fall winds, lit., “comes from the pines” [CQ-Osage]; pa-zo-ta (pázota) - east, east wind, deity of the east wind, power of east wind, also pronounced ba-zaⁿ-ta (bázaⁿta), lit., “toward the pines” [Kaw]

easy to do

► o-t’e-ka (ótʔeka) - easy to do

► Dhegiha: o-ʰts’e-ga (ó-ṭs’e-ga) - easy [FL-Osage]; wa-ʰts’e-ga (wa-ṭs’é-ga) - docile, gentle, easily managed [FL-Osage]; wa-ts’e-ga (wa-ts’é-ga) - easy (task), tender (food), kind (person), gentle, frail [Kaw]

easy, go easy, catiously, slowly, deliberately, thoughtfully

► i-ki-di-kdaⁿ hne (íkidikdą hné) - slow, go easy [MS]

► cf. i-di-kdaⁿ (ídikdą), i-di-knaⁿ (ídikną) - thoughtfully, deliberately; i-di-kdaⁿ (ídikdą), i-di-knaⁿ (ídikną) - think, decide, form an opinion; i-di-kdaⁿ tʰaⁿ-he (ídikdą tʰą́he) - be wise; i-di-knaⁿ hi o-tʰiⁿ (idikną hi otʰį) - to hit an object softly or carefully

► Dhegiha: i-gi-thi-gthoⁿ (í-gi-thi-gthoⁿ) - Omaha same, to decide or plan for another, to have control of another [FL-Osage]; wa-ʰki-gthi-gthoⁿ (wa-ḳí-gthi-gthoⁿ) - to meditate over one’s own needs and comforts and thinking up plans of action [FL-Osage]; hi-goⁿ i-thi-gthoⁿ (hígoⁿ íthigthoⁿ) - tell, slowly, deliberately, to tell a myth, legend, or fable slowly and deliberately [Omaha/Ponca]; i-thi-gthoⁿ (ithigthoⁿ) - thought, idea [Omaha]; i-thi-gthoⁿ (í-thi-gthoⁿ) - slowly, or at a slow pace [FL-Osage]; i-thi-gthoⁿ (í-thi-gthoⁿ) - to think, to consider, to study, to contemplate [FL-Osage]; i-thi-laⁿ (íðilą) - think about, have on one's mind, want, wish [CQ-Osage]; i-yu-laⁿ (íyulaⁿ) - proceed carefully (deliberately), decide, form an opinion, judge [Kaw]

eat a meal

► wa-naⁿ-bde (waną́bde) - eat a meal, dine ► a-wa-naⁿ-bde (awánąbdé) - I, wa-da-naⁿ-bde (wadánąbdé) - you

► wa-naⁿ-bde (ŭah-nohmmĕlĕh) - eat, consume (manger) [GI]

► wa-naⁿ-bde (waną́bde) - eat [AG, OM]

► wa-naⁿ-bde (waną́bde) - come eat [AG]

► cf. pa-ze-de wa-naⁿ-bde (ppazéde wanáⁿbde) - supper [MS]; o-zhi ska wa-noⁿ-bde (óži ska wanǫ́bde) - bowl [MS]; a-wa-naⁿ-bde (áwaną́bde) - table; wa-naⁿ-bde i-ba-xto (waną́bde íbaxto) - fork, a table fork, lit. “something to stick food”; o-naⁿ-bde (ónąbde) - food, “something to eat”

► ex: a-wa-naⁿ-bde koⁿ-bda (awánąbdé kkǫbdá) - I want to eat [MS]

► ex: wi-e a-wa-naⁿ-bde ta miⁿ-kʰe (wíe awaną́bde ta mįkʰé) - I'm going to eat [AG]

► ex: a-wa-naⁿ-bde (awánąbdé) - I have eaten (I eat) [OM]

► ex: da-wa-naⁿ-bde (dáwanąbdé) - have you eaten? [OM]; expected conjugation, wa-da-naⁿ-bde (wadáną́bdé) - you eat

► ex: jhi-e wa-naⁿ-bde (jhíe waną́bde) - you come eat [AG]; expected conjugation, wa-da-naⁿ-bde (wadáną́bdé) - you eat

► ex: jhi-e wa-naⁿ-bde shkoⁿ-ta (ǰíe waną́bde škǫttá) - do you want to eat? [AG]; expected conjugation, wa-da-naⁿ-bde (wadáną́bdé) - you eat

► ex: i-za-ni oⁿ-ka-kdi wa-naⁿ-bde shkoⁿ-ta (ízani ǫkákdi waną́bde škǫttá) - come on, all of you, if you want to eat [AG]

► ex: aⁿ-wa-naⁿ-bde (ąwánąbdé) - we eat [MS]

► ex: da-tʰe wa-naⁿ-bde (datʰé waną́bde) - eating [MS]

► Dhegiha: wa-noⁿ-bthe (wanóⁿbthe) - an eater [Omaha/Ponca]; wa-noⁿ-bthe (wa-nóⁿ-bthe) - to eat, to dine, a meal, breakfast, dinner, or supper, nourishment, food [FL-Osage]; wa-noⁿ-bre (wanǫ́bre) - dine, eat, dinner, supper, meal served at noon or in the evening [CQ-Osage]; wa-noⁿ-ble (wanóⁿble) - eat a meal, dine, food [Kaw]

eat, chew

► da-tʰe (datʰé) - eat, chew ► bda-tʰe (bdátʰe) - I, ta-tʰe (ttátʰe) - you

► ex: di-shi-ka-we taⁿ-ha wa-xti-shka naⁿ-xti ta-tʰe ta-i-te (d^¢ícik͓áwĕ táⁿha waqtícka-naⁿ qti tatĕ taitĕ) - as you and your people have been bad, you shall eat nothing but insects and reptiles in the future [JOD]

► ex: iⁿ-da wi-te-ke e-ta-we di-da-tʰe ta-i-te (iⁿt͓á witék͓e ĕtáwĕ d^¢íd^¢até taitĕ) - my mothers and my mother’s brothers, the Indian people, shall eat you [JOD]

► ex: wa-sa ke ni-ka-shi-ka naⁿ-xti wa-da-tʰa-we (wasá k͓ĕ níkacík͓a naⁿ qtí wád^¢atĕwĕ) - the black bears subsisted on Indians, they ate no other kind of food [JOD]

► ex: to-zhoⁿ-ke bda-tʰe miⁿ-kʰe (tožǫ́ke bdátʰe mįkʰé) - I'm eating a banana [MS]

► ex: da-tʰe wa-naⁿ-bde (datʰé waną́bde) - eating [MS]

► ex: ta da-tʰa zhi (tta dátʰa ži) - Friday, “eat no meat day” [MS]

► ex: wa-da-tʰe (wadátʰe) - food [FR]

► Dhegiha: tha-tʰe (thatʰé) - to eat, to eat an item of food [Omaha/Ponca]; tha-te (thaté) - chew [Omaha]; tha-tse (tha-tsé) - to eat [FL-Osage]; tha-tsʰe (ðaacʰé) - eat [CQ-Osage]; ya-che (yaché) - eat something [Kaw]

► da-tʰe-ye (datʰéye) - to have eaten ► bda-tʰe-ye (bdátʰeye) - I, ta-tʰe-ye (ttátʰeye) - you

► cf. da-tʰe (datʰé) - eat, chew; ye (-ye), e (-e) - past suffix, perfective aspect; ye (-ye) - past, incl. all motion verbs

eat without dribbling

► da-shnaⁿ-shnaⁿ-zhi (dašną́šnąži) - eat without dribbling ► bda-shnaⁿ-shnaⁿ-zhi (bdášnąšnąži) - I, ta-shnaⁿ-shnaⁿ-zhi (ttášnąšnąži) - you

eclipse of the moon

► mi-aⁿ-pa di-shi-we (mią́pa dišíwe) - eclipse of the moon

► cf. mi-aⁿ-pa (mią́pa), mi-oⁿ-pa (miǫ́pa), mi-aⁿ-ba (mią́ba) - moon; di-shi-we (dišíwe) - open up, open; mi di-shi (mi díši) - eclipse of the sun; i-di-shi-we (ídišíwe) - key; o-naⁿ-taⁿ di-shi-we (oną́ttą díšiwe) - door knob; o-di-shiⁿ (odíšį) - wrap, fold in a bundle, covering

► Dhegiha: thi-shi-be (thishibe) - open, unlock, uncap, unhitch [Omaha]; thi-shi-be (thi-shí-be) - to open anything that has a lid or a door, to open a covered box [FL-Osage]; thi-shu-be (thi-shú-be) - to open or unfasten a door, to open as a door [FL-Osage]; thi-shu-pe (thiišúpe) - open, unlock and open [CQ-Osage]; yu-shu-we (yushúwe), yu-shu-be (yushúbe) - open, as a door or a sacred bundle, unlock, gate [Kaw] ……. u-thi-shiⁿ (uthíshiⁿ) - cover, to cover, as with a garment [Omaha/Ponca]; u-thi-shiⁿ (u-thí-shiⁿ) - to wrap anything up [FL-Osage]; o-thi-shi (oðíši) - wrap, cover for a tipi, sweat house, pillow, etc. [CQ-Osage]; o-yu-shiⁿ (oyúshiⁿ) - bundle something up, cover something by surrounding it, covering, a wrapping for something, synonym or variant of a-yi-shiⁿ (áyishiⁿ) [Kaw]; a-yi-shiⁿ (áyishiⁿ) - to bundle up in a cloth or blanket, synonym or variant of o-yu-shiⁿ (oyushiⁿ) [Kaw]

eclipse of the sun

► mi di-shi (mi díši) - eclipse of the sun

► cf. mi (mi) - sun, moon, orb; di-shi-we (dišíwe) - open up, open; mi-aⁿ-pa di-shi-we (mią́pa dišíwe) - eclipse of the moon; o-di-shiⁿ (odíšį) - wrap, fold in a bundle, covering

eddy in a body of water

► ni o-di-bdi (ni ódibdí) - eddy in a body of water

► cf. o-di-bdi (ódibdí) - spiral motion; ta-ti o-di-bdi (ttátti ódibdí) - whirlwind

► Dhegiha: u-thi-bthi (uthíbthi) - whirlwind of air, water, or smoke, eddy of a current of water, smoke in a tent carried around by the wind [Omaha/Ponca]; ni u-thi-bthi (ni-ú-thi-bthi) - an eddy, the whirling motion of water, the vortex, a whirling of water [FL-Osage]; ni o-yu-bliⁿ (ni óyubliⁿ) - an eddy [Kaw]

edge of hill

► a-ni kaⁿ-ha (áni kką́ha) - edge of hill

► cf. a-ni (áni) - hill; kaⁿ-ha (kką́ha), koⁿ-ha (kkǫ́ha) - near, by

► ex: a-ni kaⁿ-ha kʰe (áni kką́ha kʰe) - the edge of the hill

► ex: iⁿ koⁿ-ha (į kkǫha) - near the stone

► Dhegiha: koⁿ-ha (koⁿha) - rim, edge [Omaha]; koⁿ-ha (kóⁿha) - edge, border, selvedge [JOD-Omaha]; ʰkoⁿ-ha (ḳóⁿ-ha) - the edge, margin, selvage, welt, of certain goods [FL-Osage]; ʰkoⁿ-ha (ʰkǫ́ha) - edge [CQ-Osage]

edge of roof

► ti-he bda-bda (ttíhe bdabdá) - edge of roof

► cf. ti-he (ttihé) - roof; a-ni bda bda (áni bdá bda) - ridge, long ridge

► ex: ti-he tʰe (ttíhe tʰe) - the edge of the roof

edge or border of something

► xi-we (xíwe), (xiwé) - edge or border of something

edge, bite along the edge, nip

► da-zi-pa (dazíppa) - bite along the edge, nip ► bda-zi-pa (bdázippa) - I, ta-zi-pa (ttázippa) - you

► cf. ba-zi-pa (bazíppa) - edge, nudge, push on edge; bi-zi-pa (bizíppa) - sit/lie on the edge, to perch; di-zi-pa (dizíppa) - grasp or hold by the edge; ka-zi-pa (kazíppa) - chop, cut at the edge; kdi-zi-pa (kdizíppa) - hold, grasp edge of one's own; ki-di-zi-pa (kídizippa) - hold along the edge for someone; naⁿ-zi-pa (nązíppa) - walk along the edge of something; pa-zi-pa (pázippa) - cut along the edge with a knife; po-zi-pa (pózippa) - punch along the edge of something

edge, burn along the edge of something

► ta-zi-pa (tázippa) - burn along the edge of something

► cf. ba-zi-pa (bazíppa) - edge, nudge, push on edge; bi-zi-pa (bizíppa) - sit/lie on the edge, to perch; da-zi-pa (dazíppa) - bite along the edge, nip; di-zi-pa (dizíppa) - grasp or hold by the edge; ka-zi-pa (kazíppa) - chop, cut at the edge; kdi-zi-pa (kdizíppa) - hold, grasp edge of one's own; ki-di-zi-pa (kídizippa) - hold along the edge for someone; naⁿ-zi-pa (nązíppa) - walk along the edge of something; pa-zi-pa (pázippa) - cut along the edge with a knife; po-zi-pa (pózippa) - punch along the edge of something

edge, chop or cut at the edge

► ka-zi-pa (kazíppa) - chop, cut at the edge ► a-zi-pa (ázippa) - I, da-zi-pa (dázippa) - you

► cf. ka (ka) - by striking; ba-zi-pa (bazíppa) - edge, nudge, push on edge; bi-zi-pa (bizíppa) - sit/lie on the edge, to perch; da-zi-pa (dazíppa) - bite along the edge, nip; di-zi-pa (dizíppa) - grasp or hold by the edge; kdi-zi-pa (kdizíppa) - hold, grasp edge of one's own; ki-di-zi-pa (kídizippa) - hold along the edge for someone; naⁿ-zi-pa (nązíppa) - walk along the edge of something; pa-zi-pa (pázippa) - cut along the edge with a knife; po-zi-pa (pózippa) - punch along the edge of something; ta-zi-pa (tázippa) - burn along the edge of something

edge, cut along the edge of something

► pa-kda (pákda) - cut along the edge of something ► pa-a-kda (páakdá) - I, pa-da-kda (pádakdá) - you

► cf. pa (pá) - by cutting with a knife; bi-kda (bikdá) - press out, push/blow loose; di-kda (dikdá) - undo, untie, pull loose; da-kda (dakdá) - undo with the mouth, teeth; ka-kda (kakdá) - sway; naⁿ-kda (nąkdá) - loosen; come undone, as a shoelace

edge, cut along the edge with a knife

► pa-zi-pa (pázippa) - cut along the edge with a knife ► pa-a-zi-pa (páazíppa) - I, pa-da-zi-pa (pádazíppa) - you

► cf. ba-zi-pa (bazíppa) - edge, nudge, push on edge; bi-zi-pa (bizíppa) - sit/lie on the edge, to perch; da-zi-pa (dazíppa) - bite along the edge, nip; di-zi-pa (dizíppa) - grasp or hold by the edge; ka-zi-pa (kazíppa) - chop, cut at the edge; kdi-zi-pa (kdizíppa) - hold, grasp edge of one's own; ki-di-zi-pa (kídizippa) - hold along the edge for someone; naⁿ-zi-pa (nązíppa) - walk along the edge of something; po-zi-pa (pózippa) - punch along the edge of something; ta-zi-pa (tázippa) - burn along the edge of something

edge, grasp or hold by the edge

► di-zi-pa (dizíppa) - grasp or hold by the edge ► bdi-zi-pa (bdízippa) - I, ti-zi-pa (ttízippa) - you

► cf. ba-zi-pa (bazíppa) - edge, nudge, push on edge; bi-zi-pa (bizíppa) - sit/lie on the edge, to perch; da-zi-pa (dazíppa) - bite along the edge, nip; ka-zi-pa (kazíppa) - chop, cut at the edge; kdi-zi-pa (kdizíppa) - hold, grasp edge of one's own; ki-di-zi-pa (kídizippa) - hold along the edge for someone; naⁿ-zi-pa (nązíppa) - walk along the edge of something; pa-zi-pa (pázippa) - cut along the edge with a knife; po-zi-pa (pózippa) - punch along the edge of something; ta-zi-pa (tázippa) - burn along the edge of something

edge, hold along the edge for someone

► ki-di-zi-pa (kídizippa) - hold along the edge for someone ► a-bdi-zi-pa (ábdizíppa) - I, da-ti-zi-pa (dáttizíppa) - you

► cf. ba-zi-pa (bazíppa) - edge, nudge, push on edge; bi-zi-pa (bizíppa) - sit/lie on the edge, to perch; da-zi-pa (dazíppa) - bite along the edge, nip; di-zi-pa (dizíppa) - grasp or hold by the edge; ka-zi-pa (kazíppa) - chop, cut at the edge; kdi-zi-pa (kdizíppa) - hold, grasp edge of one's own; naⁿ-zi-pa (nązíppa) - walk along the edge of something; pa-zi-pa (pázippa) - cut along the edge with a knife; po-zi-pa (pózippa) - punch along the edge of something; ta-zi-pa (tázippa) - burn along the edge of something

edge, hold or grasp edge of one’s own

► kdi-zi-pa (kdizíppa) - hold or grasp edge of one’s own ► a-kdi-zi-pa (akdízippa) - I, da-kdi-zi-pa (dakdízippa) - you

► cf. ba-zi-pa (bazíppa) - edge, nudge, push on edge; bi-zi-pa (bizíppa) - sit/lie on the edge, to perch; da-zi-pa (dazíppa) - bite along the edge, nip; di-zi-pa (dizíppa) - grasp or hold by the edge; ka-zi-pa (kazíppa) - chop, cut at the edge; ki-di-zi-pa (kídizippa) - hold along the edge for someone; naⁿ-zi-pa (nązíppa) - walk along the edge of something; pa-zi-pa (pázippa) - cut along the edge with a knife; po-zi-pa (pózippa) - punch along the edge of something; ta-zi-pa (tázippa) - burn along the edge of something

edge, nudge, push on edge

► ba-zi-pa (bazíppa) - edge, nudge, push on edge ► pa-zi-pa (ppázippa) - I, shpa-zi-pa (špázippa) - you

► cf. bi-zi-pa (bizíppa) - sit/lie on the edge, to perch; da-zi-pa (dazíppa) - bite along the edge, nip; di-zi-pa (dizíppa) - grasp or hold by the edge; ka-zi-pa (kazíppa) - chop, cut at the edge; kdi-zi-pa (kdizíppa) - hold, grasp edge of one's own; ki-di-zi-pa (kídizippa) - hold along the edge for someone; naⁿ-zi-pa (nązíppa) - walk along the edge of something; pa-zi-pa (pázippa) - cut along the edge with a knife; po-zi-pa (pózippa) - punch along the edge of something; ta-zi-pa (tázippa) - burn along the edge of something

edge, punch along the edge of something

► po-zi-pa (pózippa) - punch along the edge of something ► po-a-zi-pa (póazíppa) - I, po-da-zi-pa (pódazíppa) - you

► cf. ba-zi-pa (bazíppa) - edge, nudge, push on edge; bi-zi-pa (bizíppa) - sit/lie on the edge, to perch; da-zi-pa (dazíppa) - bite along the edge, nip; di-zi-pa (dizíppa) - grasp or hold by the edge; ka-zi-pa (kazíppa) - chop, cut at the edge; kdi-zi-pa (kdizíppa) - hold, grasp edge of one's own; ki-di-zi-pa (kídizippa) - hold along the edge for someone; naⁿ-zi-pa (nązíppa) - walk along the edge of something; pa-zi-pa (pázippa) - cut along the edge with a knife; ta-zi-pa (tázippa) - burn along the edge of something

edge, side, on its side

► di-saⁿ (disą́) - side, edge, on its side

edge, sit or lie on the edge, to perch

► bi-zi-pa (bizíppa) - sit or lie on the edge, to perch ► pi-zi-pa (ppízippa) - I, shpi-zi-pa (špízippa) - you

► cf. ba-zi-pa (bazíppa) - edge, nudge, push on edge; da-zi-pa (dazíppa) - bite along the edge, nip; di-zi-pa (dizíppa) - grasp or hold by the edge; ka-zi-pa (kazíppa) - chop, cut at the edge; kdi-zi-pa (kdizíppa) - hold, grasp edge of one's own; ki-di-zi-pa (kídizippa) - hold along the edge for someone; naⁿ-zi-pa (nązíppa) - walk along the edge of something; pa-zi-pa (pázippa) - cut along the edge with a knife; po-zi-pa (pózippa) - punch along the edge of something; ta-zi-pa (tázippa) - burn along the edge of something

edge, walk along the edge of something

► naⁿ-zi-pa (nązíppa) - walk along the edge of something ► a-naⁿ-zi-pa (aną́zippa) - I, da-naⁿ-zi-pa (daną́zippa) - you

► cf. ba-zi-pa (bazíppa) - edge, nudge, push on edge; bi-zi-pa (bizíppa) - sit/lie on the edge, to perch; da-zi-pa (dazíppa) - bite along the edge, nip; di-zi-pa (dizíppa) - grasp or hold by the edge; ka-zi-pa (kazíppa) - chop, cut at the edge; kdi-zi-pa (kdizíppa) - hold, grasp edge of one's own; ki-di-zi-pa (kídizippa) - hold along the edge for someone; pa-zi-pa (pázippa) - cut along the edge with a knife; po-zi-pa (pózippa) - punch along the edge of something; ta-zi-pa (tázippa) - burn along the edge of something

edges touch

► a-ki-knaⁿ i-naⁿ-de (ákkikną iną́de) - put two sitting curvilinear objects so their edges touch ► a-ki-knaⁿ i-naⁿ-a-de (ákkikną iną́ade) - I, a-ki-knaⁿ i-naⁿ-da-de (ákkikną iną́dade) - you

► cf. a-ki-ki-kde i-tʰe-de (ákkikkíkde itʰéde) - put two standing, inanimate objects so their ends touch; a-ki-ki-kde i-he-de (ákkikkíkde ihéde) - put two long inanimate objects, e.g., books, planks, so their ends touch; a-ki-kda-ska i-tʰe-de (ákkikdáska itʰéde) - put two standing, inanimate objects so their ends touch