English to Quapaw Dictionary

U

U.S. President - Up, wrinkle up

uphill - utmost

 

U.S. President

► i-ti-kaⁿ-da-we (ittíkądáwe) - President of the U.S., lit. “they have him as a grandfather”

► i-ti-kaⁿ-da-we (ittíkądáwe) - President [MS]

► cf. i-ti-kaⁿ-de (ittíkąde) - to have as a grandfather; a-we (-awe), we (-we) - pluralizer for verbs and noun phrases; i-ti-kaⁿ (ittíką), e-ti-kaⁿ (ettíką) - grandfather, his or her grandfather

► Dhegiha: i-ti-goⁿ-tha-i (itígoⁿthaí) - he whom they have for a grandfather, the President of the U.S. [Omaha/Ponca]; ʰtsi-go a-bi wa-ʰtoⁿ-ga (ṭsí-go a-bi wa-ṭoⁿ-ga) - grandfather to all, this is the Osage term for President of the United States [FL-Osage]; i-ʰtsi-ko-a-pi (iʰcíkoapí) - President of the United States, lit., “grandfather of all” [CQ-Osage]; i-tsi-go-ya-be (icígoyábe) - Washington, the President, wi-tsi-go-ya-be (wicígoyábe) -  possessive form, lit., “we have him as our grandfather” [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: i-ti-gaⁿ-the (i-t͓í-gaⁿ-¢ĕ) - to have one for an i-ti-gaⁿ (i-t͓í-gaⁿ) [JOD-Omaha]; i-tsi-go-ye (icígoye) - to have for a grandfather, to call someone i-tsi-go (icígo) [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: i-ti-gaⁿ (i-t͓í-gaⁿ) - his or her grandfather or father-in-law [JOD-Omaha]; i-ʰtsi-go (i-ṭsí-go) - grandfather, the term ʰtsi-go (ṭsi-go) is applied to a father’s father, to his father, to a mother’s father, to his brother, to a father-in-law, and to a wife’s maternal uncle, it is also used as a term of reverence for God and for natural objects, such as the sun, the morning star, the dipper, Orion's belt, the pole star, and living objects whose mysterious habits inspire in the Osage mind a feeling of reverence for the Creator [FL-Osage]; i-ʰtsi-ko (iʰcíko) - his/her grandfather, his/her father-in-law [CQ-Osage]; i-tsi-go (icígo) - his or her grandfather, grandfather's father; great grandfather [Kaw]

 

udder

► ma-ze (mazé) - breast

► Dhegiha: ma-ze (mazé) - the female breasts; the udder of a cow, etc. [Omaha/Ponca]; moⁿ-ze (moⁿze) - breast [Omaha]; moⁿ-ze (moⁿ-çé) - a woman’s breast [FL-Osage]; ba-ze (ba-çé) - a woman’s breast; udder [FL-Osage]; pa-ze (paazé) - breast, udder [CQ-Osage]; ba-ze (bazé) - breast [Kaw]

 

ugly

► shi-ke (šíke) - bad, ugly ► aⁿ-shi-ke (ąšíke) - I, di-shi-ke (dišíke) - you, di-shi-ka-we (díšikáwe) - you’all, shi-ke (šíke) - he/she, wa-shi-ke (wášike) - we, I and one other, wa-shi-ka-we (wášikawe) - we

► shi-ke (šíké) - bad [LQ, AG, OM]

► shi-ke (shiké) - bad [ASG]

► Dhegiha: shi-ge (shíge) - bad, evil, injury [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: pi-a-zhi (píazhi) - “not good,” “not well”: bad, wrong [Omaha/Ponca]; pi-a-zhi (piazhi) - evil; bad; ugly; contaminate [Omaha]; pi-zhi (pí-zhi) - bad, evil [FL-Osage]; ʰpi-zhi (ʰpíiži) - bad, awful, evil, wicked [CQ-Osage]; pi-zhi (pízhi) - be bad, no good [Kaw]

 

► shi-ki-aⁿ taⁿ-ka (šíkkią́ ttą́ka) - ugly, be ugly ► aⁿ-shi-ki-aⁿ taⁿ-ka (ąšíkkią ttą́ka) - I, di-shi-ki-aⁿ taⁿ-ka (dišíkkią ttą́ka) - you

► cf. shi-ke (šíke) - bad, ugly; i (í) - instrumental, by means of, with which to; ’aⁿ (ʔą), ’oⁿ (ʔǫ) - do, be, use, have; i-aⁿ (ią́), i-oⁿ (iǫ́), i-yaⁿ (iyą́) - with, by means of; taⁿ-ka (ttą́ka) - big, large

 

► o-la-zo-zhi (ólazóži) - ugly [OM]

► o-ta-za-zhi (óttazáži) - be wrong

► cf. o-ta-za (óttaza) - pretty [OM]; o-ta-za (óttaza) - right, straight, honest; zhi (ži) - not, negative, negation; o-ta-za ka-xe (óttaza káγe) - right, correct, act honestly

► Dhegiha: u-ʰta-za-zhi (u-ṭá-ça-zhi) - homely; homeliness; ugly [FL-Osage]; o-ʰta-za-zhi (oʰtázaži) - ugly, homely, not pretty or handsome [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: o-ʰta-za (o-ṭa-ça), u-ʰta-za (u-ṭá-ça) - handsome; showy; stateliness; pretty; comely; pleasing to the sight; satisfying to the sense of beauty [FL-Osage]; o-ʰta-za (oʰtáza) - good looking, handsome, beautiful, very pretty [CQ-Osage]

 

unable

► di-sh’a-i (diš’ai) - unable [JOD]

► di-sh’a (dišʔá) - fail, fall short ► bdi-sh’a (bdíšʔa) - I, ti-sh’a (ttíšʔa) - you, di-sh’a-wi (dišʔawi), di-sh’a-i (dišʔai) - they

► cf. o-di-sh’a-ke (odíšʔake) - refuse, be unwilling, decline; da-sha-’a (dašʔá) - fail to finish eating

► ex: ka-ta-te de di-sh’a-i niⁿ (kattátte de diš’ai nį) - he became mired and was unable (failed) to go [JOD]

► ex: di-sh’a (dišʔá) - he failed [JOD]

► ex: shi-noⁿ di-sh’a (šínǫ dišʔá) - he failed again [JOD]

► ex: ka-xe di-sh’a (kaγé dišʔá) - he failed to make it [JOD]

► ex: ha-t’e naⁿ di-sh’a i-ki-ba-haⁿ (hatʔé ną dišʔá íkibahą́) - he knew he would fail because of his sickness [JOD]

► ex: e-ti-tʰaⁿ wa-x’o zhi-ka niⁿ di-sh’a (ettítʰą waxʔó žiká nį dišʔá) - then the old woman gave out [JOD]

► ex: e-ti-tʰaⁿ i-naⁿ-pa niⁿ di-sh’a (ettítʰą ínąp͓á nį dišʔá) - then the second one gave out [JOD]

► ex: e-ti-tʰaⁿ i-da-bniⁿ di-sh’a (ettítʰą ídabnį dišʔá) - then the third one gave out [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ e-ti mi-zhi-ka za-ni hi i-k’i-ta-i taⁿ di-sh’a-wi (kóišǫ́ttą étti mižíka zaní hi íkʔitaí tą dišʔawi) - then, every single one of the girls there tried it and they failed [JOD]

► ex: di-sh’a-i taⁿ za-ni di-sh’a-i taⁿ wa-haⁿ niⁿ-ke niⁿ-kʰe ki-k’i de-da-wi (dišʔai tą zaní dišʔaí tą wahą́nįké nįkʰé kikʔí dedáwi) - they all failed, when they failed, they gave it back to the orphan [JOD]

► Dhegiha: thi-’a (thi’á) - to be unable [Omaha/Ponca]; thi-’a (thia) - fail, miss, unable, I could not, could not make it [Omaha]; thu-ʰts’a-ge (thu-ṭs’á-ge) - unable, inability to do, failure to to a thing, work left unfinished, to fail [FL-Osage]; thu-ts’a-ke (ðuucʔáke) - be unable to do, fail at [CQ-Osage]; yu-ts’a-ge (yuts’áge) - unable to do, not to work, fail to act [Kaw]

 

unable to spare something

► i-kʰiⁿ-te (íkʰį́tte) - be unable to spare something ► i-da-kʰiⁿ-te (idákʰįtté) - I, i-da-kʰiⁿ-te (ídakʰįtte) - you

 

uncertainty

► te te (tte tté) - such and such, expresses uncertainty, hoⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ te te (hǫnį́ttą tte tté)

► cf. e-te te (étte tté) - perhaps, maybe; wi-e te-te (wíettetté) - I or whoever was meant

► ex: a-te-zhe naⁿ, “ta-taⁿ ke aⁿ-te-zhe hi-de, mi-ka-x’e aⁿ-te-zhe hi-de e-te te,” i-ye (atéže ną, “táttą ke ą́teže hidé, mikkáxʔe ą́teže hidé étte tte,” iyé) - when I urinated, “what is this urinating on me, I wonder if it’s the stars urinating on me,” he said [JOD]

► ex: koi ta-taⁿ te-zha-i ke, mi-ka-x’e aⁿ-te-zha-i ke e-te te (kói ttátą téžai ké, mikkáxʔe ątežai ke étte tte) - what is that urinating, I wonder if the stars are urinating one me [JOD]

► ex: i-shpa-haⁿ-we a, e-te-te (íšpahąwé a, étte tte) - do you’all know? I wonder [JOD]

► ex: iⁿ-ta-te, toⁿ ha-ki e-hi-te e-ti niⁿ-kʰa-zhi hi taⁿ kaⁿ-aⁿ-niⁿ-kʰe e-te te (įttátte, ttǫ́ hakí ehitté ettí nįkʰaží hi tą́ ką-ąnį́kʰe étte tté) - father, is there not a village anywhere, I wonder if we are alone [JOD]

► ex: e-ti a-shka hi ti-kde e-ti-tʰaⁿ-zhi e-te te (étti ašká hi ttíkde ettítʰąží étte tté) - I wonder, is there not a lodge very near [JOD]

► Dhegiha: tʰe-iⁿ-tʰe (tʰéiⁿtʰe) - perhaps; probably; it may be; in spoke questions, should [Omaha/Ponca]; e-iⁿ-te (éiⁿtʰe) - if, perhaps, maybe [Omaha/Ponca]

 

uncle, a man’s father’s older brother

► i-da-te naⁿ-haⁿ (idátte nąhą́) - a man’s father’s older brother, uncle ► iⁿ-ta-e naⁿ-haⁿ (įttátte nąhą́) - my, di-a-te naⁿ-haⁿ (diátte nąhą́) - your

► cf. i-da-te (idátte) - his or her father; naⁿ-haⁿ (ną́hą), naⁿ-hoⁿ (nąhǫ), naⁿ-haⁿ (nąhą́) - old, grown up, mature; iⁿ-da naⁿ-hoⁿ (įdaną́hǫ) - older aunt

► Dhegiha: noⁿ-hoⁿ (nóⁿ-hoⁿ) - older person [FL-Osage]; noⁿ-the (nǫ́ǫðe) - raise, rear, bring up [CQ-Osage]; noⁿ-hoⁿ (nóⁿhoⁿ) - adult [Kaw]

 

uncle, a man’s father’s younger brother

► i-da-te zhi-ka (idáttežíka), e-da-te zhi-ka (edáttežíka) - a man’s father’s younger brother, uncle ► iⁿ-ta-te zhi-ka (įttáttežíka) - my, di-a-te zhi-ka (diáttežíka) - your

► cf. i-da-te (idátte) - father; zhi-ka (žíka) - small, little, young; iⁿ-da zhiⁿ-ka (įdážįka) - youngest aunt

► Dhegiha: iⁿ-ʰta-tsi-zhį (įʰtácižį) - my father’s brother, my paternal uncle [CQ-Osage]

 

uncle, a man’s mother’s brother

► i-te-ke (ittéke), e-te-ke (ettéke) - a man’s mother’s brother, uncle ► wi-te-ke (wítteke) - my; di-te-ke (dítteke) - your

► Dhegiha: i-ne-gi (inégi) - uncle [Omaha]; i-dse-gi (i-dsé-gi) - uncle on mother’s side [FL-Osage]; iⁿ-tse-ki (įcéki) - his/her mother’s brother, his/her maternal uncle, more precise than English ‘his/her uncle’ [CQ-Osage]; i-je-gi (ijégi) - uncle, man’s mother’s brother [Kaw]

 

► wi-te-ke (wítteke) - my uncle, my mother’s brother

► wi-te-ke (wítteke) - my uncle (mother’s side) [MS, MR, OM]

► ex: iⁿ-da, wi-te-ke, e-ta-we, di-da-tʰe ta-i-tʰe (įdá, wittéke, ettáwe, dídatʰé taitʰé) - my mother, my uncle, theirs (offspring), they will eat you [JOD]

► ex: “wi-te-ke t’e-di-de ta e-de,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke niⁿ (“wítteke tʔédidé tta edé,” iyí iyá maštį́ke nį) - my uncle, you have surely been killed, said the rabbit, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ, wi-te-ke (hǫ́, wítteké) - yes, my uncle [JOD]

► ex: “wi-te-ke ni-ka-shi-ka zho-hi hi shkoⁿ-wa-da-we,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke niⁿ-kʰe (“wítteke níkkašíka žóhi hi škǫ́wadáwe,” iyí iyá maštį́ke niⁿkʰe) - “my uncle, many people are here and will dislodge us,” said the rabbit, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► Dhegiha: wi-ne-gi (winégi) - my uncle [Omaha]; wiⁿ-dse-gi (wiⁿ-dse-gi) - my uncle [FL-Osage]; wiⁿ-tse-ki (wį́céki) - my mother’s brother, my maternal uncle, more precise than English “my uncle” [CQ-Osage]; wi-je-gi (wijégi) - my uncle, my mother’s brother [Kaw]

 

► di-te-ke (dítteke) - your uncle, your mother’s brother

► ex: iⁿ-kaⁿ, “di-te-ke, wa-sa niⁿ-kʰe ta e-ti da,” i-ye naⁿ aⁿ-naⁿ-ho-sa naⁿ (įkką́, “dítteke, wasá niⁿkʰe tta étti dá,” iyé ną ąną́hosá naⁿ) - my grandmother scolded me and said, “go to the black bear, your uncle” [JOD]

► ex: “di-te-ke naⁿ-pe ni-ke hi,” i-yi i-ya wa-x’o-zhi-ka niⁿ-kʰe (“dítteke táttą ną́ppe niké hi,” iyí iyá waxʔóžiká nįkʰé) - “your uncle fears nothing at all,” it is said the old woman said [JOD]

► ex: “hoⁿ! di-te-ke ta-ska pa-hi naⁿ-pe niⁿ,” i-yi i-ya wa-xo-zhi-ka niⁿ-kʰe (“hǫ! díttéke ttaská ppahí ną́ppe nį́,” iyí iyá waxʔóžiká nįkʰé) - “yes! your uncle fears the head of a Bighorn sheep,” it is said the old woman said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: thiⁿ-tse-ki (ðįcéki) - your mother’s brother, your maternal uncle [CQ-Osage]; yi-je-gi (yijégi) - your uncle, your mother’s brother [Kaw]

 

► i-te-ke (ittéke), e-te-ke (ettéke) - his uncle, his mother’s brother

► Dhegiha: i-ne-gi (inégi) - uncle [Omaha]; i-dse-gi (i-dsé-gi) - uncle on mother’s side [FL-Osage]; iⁿ-tse-ki (įcéki) - his/her mother’s brother, his/her maternal uncle, more precise than English ‘his/her uncle’ [CQ-Osage]; i-je-gi (ijégi) - his uncle, his mother’s brother [Kaw]

 

uncle, to have as an uncle

► i-te-ke-de (ittékede) - to have as an uncle ► i-te-ke-a-de (ittékeade) - I, i-te-ke-da-de (ittékedade) - you

► cf. i-te-ke (ittéke), e-te-ke (ettéke) - a man’s mother’s brother, uncle

► Dhegiha: i-je-gi-ye (ijégiye) - to have for an uncle, to call someone i-je-gi (ijégi) [Kaw]

 

uncomfortable, feel uncomfortable inside

► ki-aⁿ-shki-ka (kią́škika) - feel uncomfortable inside ► aⁿ-aⁿ-shki-ka (ąą́škika) - I, di-aⁿ-shki-ka (dią́škika) - you

► cf. i-ki-aⁿ-shki-ka (ikią́škiká) - indigestion, gastric discomfort

► ex: i-ki-aⁿ-shki-ka-na (íkiąškiká) - he felt uncomfortable inside on account of [JOD]

► ex: di-xa-zhi wa-da-xo-we o-kdo-x’a maⁿ-tʰe hi-naⁿ i-ki-aⁿ-shki-ka-naⁿ, i-ya (dixáži wadáxowé okdóxʔa mą́tʰe hí-ną íkiąškiká-ną, iyá) - Hill that draws things (people) into its mouth felt very uncomfortable throughout its interior, on account of him (Rabbit) arriving inside, it is said [JOD]

 

uncover

► ka-naⁿ-pe (kaną́pe) - uncover, unearth ► a-naⁿ-pe (ánąpe) - I, da-naⁿ-pe (dánąpe) - you, oⁿ-ka-naⁿ-pa-we (ǫkáną́pawe) - we

► cf. ka (ka) - by striking, by action of the wind or water; ba-naⁿ-pe (baną́pe) - push into view; bi-naⁿ-pe (biną́pe) - push out into the open; di-naⁿ-pe (diną́pe) - cause to appear, show; mi wa-e-naⁿ-pe (mi wáeną́pe) - sunrise, “sun appears, comes into view”; naⁿ-naⁿ-pe (nąną́pe) - scuff into view with the feet

► Dhegiha: ga-e-thoⁿ-be (gaéthoⁿbe) - to strike the ground with a hoe, making something appear which has been hid beneath the sod [Omaha/Ponca]

► Dhegiha: e-thoⁿ-be (éthoⁿbe) - to appear in sight; to emerge from, as from water [Omaha/Ponca]; e-thoⁿ-be (é-thoⁿ-be) - rises and appears [FL-Osage]; i-thoⁿ-be (í-thoⁿ-be) - to appear, come into site [FL-Osage]; hi-thoⁿ-be (hí-thoⁿ-be) - to be exposed [FL-Osage]; i-thoⁿ-pe (íðǫpe) - appear [CQ-Osage]; i-yoⁿ-be (íyoⁿbe) - appear, come into view, rise; emerge, as from water [Kaw]

 

► ka-wa-di-shta (kawádišta) - uncover, open up ► a-wa-di-shta (áwadišta) - I, da-wa-di-shta (dáwadišta) - you

► cf. wa-di-shta (wadíšta) - visible, plain; ba-wa-di-shta (bawádišta) - knock into view; da-wa-di-shta (dawádištá) - declare a thing to be something; pa-wa-di-shta (páwadišta) - skin an animal; po-wa-di-shta (pówadišta) - punch, shoot into view; naⁿ-wa-di-shta (nąwádišta) - uncover with the feet; ta-wa-di-shta (táwadíšta) - burn off, clear by burning; di-shta (dištá) - smoothe, plane, sand

► Dhegiha: ga-wa-thi-shna (ga-wá-¢i-c͓na) - to make visible by digging, as something buried under ground, snow, etc.; to blow off the sand or snow, causing what was covered to appear [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: wa-thi-shna (wa-¢í-c͓na) - to be visible, clear, plain [JOD-Omaha]; shi-wa-thi-shna (shíwathishna) - appear [Omaha]; thi wa-thi-shna (thi wathishna) - reveal, show, bring it out [Omaha]; wa-yu-shta (wayúshta) - visible, to be in sight [Kaw]

 

► naⁿ-wa-di-shta (nąwádišta) - uncover with the feet ► a-naⁿ-wa-di-shta (aną́wadišta) - I, da-naⁿ-wa-di-shta (daną́wadišta) - you

► cf. naⁿ (ną) - by action of the foot; wa-di-shta (wadíšta) - visible, plain; ba-wa-di-shta (bawádišta) - knock into view; da-wa-di-shta (dawádištá) - declare a thing to be something; ka-wa-di-shta (kawádišta) - uncover, open up; pa-wa-di-shta (páwadišta) - skin an animal; po-wa-di-shta (pówadišta) - punch, shoot into view; ta-wa-di-shta (táwadíšta) - burn off, clear by burning

► Dhegiha: wa-thi-shna (wa-¢í-c͓na) - to be visible, clear, plain [JOD-Omaha]; shi-wa-thi-shna (shíwathishna) - appear [Omaha]; thi wa-thi-shna (thi wathishna) - reveal, show, bring it out [Omaha]; wa-yu-shta (wayúshta) - visible, to be in sight [Kaw]

 

under

► maⁿ-tʰe (mą́tʰe) - inside, in, within, under

► ex: ni maⁿ-tʰe (ní mątʰé) - under the water

► ex: maⁿ-tʰe wa-tʰe (mą́tʰe watʰé) - slip, undergarment

► ex: maⁿ-tʰa-ha (mątʰáha) - into, down into (as water)

► ex: ki-ha-ti ti maⁿ-tʰe kʰi-we (kihátti ttí mą́tʰe kʰíwe) - down below within the lodge, they arrived there [JOD]

► ex: ni-xi-te maⁿ-tʰe tiⁿiⁿ (niγítte mą́tʰe ttį́į́) - ringing in the ear [MS]

► ex: maⁿ-tʰe da-tʰi hne (mą́tʰe datʰí hné) - come back inside [MS]

► Dhegiha: maⁿ-tʰe (máⁿ-te) - in, into, within [JOD-Omaha]; moⁿ-te (moⁿte) - inside [Omaha]; moⁿ-tse (móⁿ-tse) - in the deepest of secret places [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-tsʰe (mącʰé) - in the center of something (centrally located), within, underneath [CQ-Osage]; maⁿ-che (máⁿche) - underneath, within [Kaw]

 

under jaw

► da-ka (dáka) - jaw, the under jaw

► cf. da-ka wa-hi (dáka wáhi) - jawbone; da-ka wa-hi (dáka wáhi) - chin [MS]; da-ka-hiⁿ (dakáhį) - whiskers, sideburns

 

under the arms, armpit

► to-si (tosí) - under the arms [JOD]

► to-si (tosí) - armpit

► ex: to-si a o-doⁿ-de (tosí a odǫ́de) - under the arms/he locked arms [JOD]

► ex: to-si a o-doⁿ-de a-taⁿ ti-a-ti a-niⁿ kdi (tosí a odǫ́de attą ttiátti anį́ kdi) - he took hold of her under the arms and brought her back to the lodge [JOD]

► Dhegiha: nu-si (nusí) - the arm-pits [Omaha/Ponca]; nu-si (nuçí) - armpit [Omaha]; do-siu (do-çiú) - armpit [FL-Osage]; do-su (dosú) - armpits [Kaw]

 

under, beneath a solid object

► o-di-xda (odíxda) - under, beneath a solid object

► Dhegiha: u-thu-xtha-ha (u-thú-xtha-ha) - underneath, downward [FL-Osage]; o-thu-lu-ha (oðúluha) - underneath, beneath, below, under [CQ-Osage]; o-yu-xla (oyúxla) - undersomething, underneath [Kaw]

 

under, put under belt

► mi-zhi (míži) - put plural objects under belt, tuck in ► mi-a-zhi (miáži) - I, mi-da-zhi (mídaži) - you

► cf. a-zhi (áži) - put small objects onto something that serves as a platform; o-zhi (oží) - put collection into something, plant, fill

► Dhegiha: mi-zhi (mízhi) - to put a number of small things, not his, in his belt [Omaha/Ponca]

 

under, slip from under

► bi-knoⁿ-da (biknǫ́da) - miss, slip from under ► pi-knoⁿ-da (ppíknǫda) - I, shpi-knoⁿ-da (špíknǫda) - you

► cf. bi (bi) - by pressing, rubbing; ba-knoⁿ-da (baknǫ́da) - miss when thrusting at; da-knoⁿ-da (daknǫ́da) - snap at and miss; di-kdoⁿ-da (dikdǫ́da) - fumble, let slip, fail to hold; ka-knoⁿ-da (kaknǫ́da) - fail in hitting at something; naⁿ-knoⁿ-da (nąknǫ́da) - kick at and be evaded; pa-knoⁿ-da (páknǫda) - miss cutting something elusive; po-knoⁿ-da (póknǫda) - miss in shooting or thrusting

► Dhegiha: bi-gthoⁿ-tha (bigthóⁿtha) - to press down on an object, which suddenly turns aside, going beyond the effect of the pressure [Omaha/Ponca]; bi-gthoⁿ-tha (bí-gthoⁿ-tha) - to miss hold [FL-Osage]

 

undercut by striking or chopping

► ka-shoⁿ-da-da (kašǫ́dada) - undercut by striking, chopping ► a-shoⁿ-da-da (ášǫdada) - I, da-shoⁿ-da-da (dášǫdada) - you, oⁿ-ka-shoⁿ-da-da (ǫkášǫdada) we dual, I and one other

► cf. ka (ka) - by striking, by action of the wind or water; shoⁿ-da-da (šǫ́dada) - unsteady, insecure; ba-shoⁿ-da-da (bašǫ́dada) - loosen, destabilize pushing at; bi-shoⁿ-da-da (bišǫ́dada) - upset, make unsteady pressing; naⁿ-shoⁿ-da-da (nąšǫ́dadá) - destabilize with the foot; kick loose; pa-shoⁿ-da-da (pášǫdadá) - undercut, undermine; po-shoⁿ-da-da (póšǫdadá) - make top heavy by thrusting at; ta-shoⁿ-da-da (tášǫdadá) - top heavy, unsteady by burning; naⁿ-te shoⁿ-da-da-zhi (ną́tte šǫ́dadáži) - stout hearted

► Dhegiha: shoⁿ-tha (shoⁿthá) - spilled, upset and spilled, tipped over and spilled [Omaha/Ponca]; shoⁿ-shoⁿ-tha (shoⁿshóⁿtha) - loosened in its socket, as a fence post ot a tooth [Omaha/Ponca]; shoⁿ-shoⁿ-tha (shoⁿshoⁿtha) - limber [Omaha]; ba-shoⁿ-tha (bashoⁿtha) - pour, dump [Omaha]; ba-shoⁿ-tha (ba-shóⁿ-tha) - to spill water from a vessel, either by accident or on purpose [FL-Osage]; gi-shoⁿ-tha (gí-shóⁿ-tha) - to make loose, to droop or fall, loose jointed, broken [FL-Osage]; ga-shoⁿ-tha (ga-shóⁿ-tha) - to spill water from a vessel by striking against it [FL-Osage]

 

undercut, undermine

► pa-shoⁿ-da-da (pášǫdadá) - undercut, undermine ► pa-a-shoⁿ-da-da (páašǫ́dadá) - I, pa-da-shoⁿ-da-da (pádašǫ́dadá) - you

► cf. pa (pá) - by cutting with a knife; shoⁿ-da-da (šǫ́dada) - unsteady, insecure; ba-shoⁿ-da-da (bašǫ́dada) - loosen, destabilize pushing at; bi-shoⁿ-da-da (bišǫ́dada) - upset, make unsteady pressing; da-shoⁿ-da-da (dašǫ́dadá) - undermine; di-shoⁿ-da (dišǫdá), di-shoⁿ (dišǫ́) - pull over and spill (liquid); di-shoⁿ-shoⁿ-da (dišǫšǫda) - loosen by working back/forth; di-shoⁿ-da-da (dišǫ́dadá) - pull off balance; ka-shoⁿ-da-da (kašǫ́dada) - undercut by striking, chopping; naⁿ-shoⁿ-da-da (nąšǫ́dadá) - destabilize with the foot; kick loose; po-shoⁿ-da-da (póšǫdadá) - make top heavy by thrusting at; ta-shoⁿ-da-da (tášǫdadá) - top heavy, unsteady by burning; naⁿ-te shoⁿ-da-da-zhi (ną́tte šǫ́dadáži) - stout hearted, “heart, not unsteady/not insecure”

► Dhegiha: shoⁿ-tha (shoⁿthá) - spilled, upset and spilled, tipped over and spilled [Omaha/Ponca]; shoⁿ-shoⁿ-tha (shoⁿshóⁿtha) - loosened in its socket, as a fence post ot a tooth [Omaha/Ponca]; shoⁿ-shoⁿ-tha (shoⁿshoⁿtha) - limber [Omaha]; ba-shoⁿ-tha (bashoⁿtha) - pour, dump [Omaha]; ba-shoⁿ-tha (ba-shóⁿ-tha) - to spill water from a vessel, either by accident or on purpose [FL-Osage]; gi-shoⁿ-tha (gí-shóⁿ-tha) - to make loose, to droop or fall, loose jointed, broken [FL-Osage]; ga-shoⁿ-tha (ga-shóⁿ-tha) - to spill water from a vessel by striking against it [FL-Osage]

 

undergarment, slip

► maⁿ-tʰe wa-tʰe (mą́tʰe watʰé) - slip, undergarment

► cf. maⁿ-tʰe (mą́tʰe) - inside, in, within, under; wa-tʰe (watʰé) - skirt, long skirt, dress

► Dhegiha: wa-te moⁿ-te (waté moⁿte) - ladies slip; under skirt [Omaha]; wa-te maⁿ-te (wa-té-maⁿ-te) - a woman’s undergarment or chemise [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: maⁿ-te (máⁿ-te) - in, into, within [JOD-Omaha]; moⁿ-te (moⁿte) - inside [Omaha]; moⁿ-tse (móⁿ-tse) - in the deepest of secret places [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-tsʰe (mącʰé) - in the center of something (centrally located), within, underneath [CQ-Osage]; maⁿ-che (máⁿche) - underneath, within [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: wa-te (waté) - skirt, woman’s dress [Omaha]; wa-te (wa-té) - an Indian woman’s skirt [JOD-Omaha]; wa-tse (wa-tsé) - skirt, dress [FL-Osage]; wa-tsʰe (wáacʰe) - skirt with ribbon work or other decorations [CQ-Osage]; wa-che (waché) - dress, woman’s skirt [Kaw]

 

undermine

► da-shoⁿ-da-da (dašǫ́dadá) - undermine

► cf. shoⁿ-da-da (šǫ́dada) - unsteady, insecure; ba-shoⁿ-da-da (bašǫ́dada) - loosen, destabilize pushing at; bi-shoⁿ-da-da (bišǫ́dada) - upset, make unsteady pressing; di-shoⁿ-da (dišǫdá), di-shoⁿ (dišǫ́) - pull over and spill (liquid); di-shoⁿ-shoⁿ-da (dišǫšǫda) - loosen by working back/forth; di-shoⁿ-da-da (dišǫ́dadá) - pull off balance; ka-shoⁿ-da-da (kašǫ́dada) - undercut by striking, chopping; naⁿ-shoⁿ-da-da (nąšǫ́dadá) - destabilize with the foot; kick loose; pa-shoⁿ-da-da (pášǫdadá) - undercut, undermine; po-shoⁿ-da-da (póšǫdadá) - make top heavy by thrusting at; ta-shoⁿ-da-da (tášǫdadá) - top heavy, unsteady by burning; naⁿ-te shoⁿ-da-da-zhi (ną́tte šǫ́dadáži) - stout hearted, “heart, not unsteady/not insecure”

► Dhegiha: shoⁿ-tha (shoⁿthá) - spilled, upset and spilled, tipped over and spilled [Omaha/Ponca]; shoⁿ-shoⁿ-tha (shoⁿshóⁿtha) - loosened in its socket, as a fence post ot a tooth [Omaha/Ponca]; shoⁿ-shoⁿ-tha (shoⁿshoⁿtha) - limber [Omaha]; ba-shoⁿ-tha (bashoⁿtha) - pour, dump [Omaha]; ba-shoⁿ-tha (ba-shóⁿ-tha) - to spill water from a vessel, either by accident or on purpose [FL-Osage]; gi-shoⁿ-tha (gí-shóⁿ-tha) - to make loose, to droop or fall, loose jointed, broken [FL-Osage]; ga-shoⁿ-tha (ga-shóⁿ-tha) - to spill water from a vessel by striking against it [FL-Osage]

 

► pa-shoⁿ-da-da (pášǫdadá) - undercut, undermine ► pa-a-shoⁿ-da-da (páašǫ́dadá) - I, pa-da-shoⁿ-da-da (pádašǫ́dadá) - you

► cf. pa (pá) - by cutting with a knife; shoⁿ-da-da (šǫ́dada) - unsteady, insecure; ba-shoⁿ-da-da (bašǫ́dada) - loosen, destabilize pushing at; bi-shoⁿ-da-da (bišǫ́dada) - upset, make unsteady pressing; da-shoⁿ-da-da (dašǫ́dadá) - undermine; di-shoⁿ-da (dišǫdá), di-shoⁿ (dišǫ́) - pull over and spill (liquid); di-shoⁿ-shoⁿ-da (dišǫšǫda) - loosen by working back/forth; di-shoⁿ-da-da (dišǫ́dadá) - pull off balance; ka-shoⁿ-da-da (kašǫ́dada) - undercut by striking, chopping; naⁿ-shoⁿ-da-da (nąšǫ́dadá) - destabilize with the foot; kick loose; po-shoⁿ-da-da (póšǫdadá) - make top heavy by thrusting at; ta-shoⁿ-da-da (tášǫdadá) - top heavy, unsteady by burning; naⁿ-te shoⁿ-da-da-zhi (ną́tte šǫ́dadáži) - stout hearted, “heart, not unsteady/not insecure”

► Dhegiha: shoⁿ-tha (shoⁿthá) - spilled, upset and spilled, tipped over and spilled [Omaha/Ponca]; shoⁿ-shoⁿ-tha (shoⁿshóⁿtha) - loosened in its socket, as a fence post ot a tooth [Omaha/Ponca]; shoⁿ-shoⁿ-tha (shoⁿshoⁿtha) - limber [Omaha]; ba-shoⁿ-tha (bashoⁿtha) - pour, dump [Omaha]; ba-shoⁿ-tha (ba-shóⁿ-tha) - to spill water from a vessel, either by accident or on purpose [FL-Osage]; gi-shoⁿ-tha (gí-shóⁿ-tha) - to make loose, to droop or fall, loose jointed, broken [FL-Osage]; ga-shoⁿ-tha (ga-shóⁿ-tha) - to spill water from a vessel by striking against it [FL-Osage]

 

understand

► i-ba-haⁿ (íbahą), i-ba-hoⁿ (íbahǫ) - know how, recognize, know ► i-pa-haⁿ (íppahą) - I, i-shpa-haⁿ (íšpahą) - you, i-shpa-haⁿ-we (íšpahąwé) - you’all, i-ba-haⁿ-wi (íbahąwí) - they, oⁿ-noⁿ-ba-haⁿ-we (ǫnǫbahąwe) - we

► ex: i-za-ni i-shpa-hoⁿ ni-kʰa-she (ízaní íšpahǫ níkʰáše) - you all that understand [AG]

► ex: i-ba-hoⁿ (íbahǫ) - knew him; recognized him [JOD]

► ex: ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-ti hi-naⁿ, di-xa-zhi wa-da-xo-we i-ba-hoⁿ naⁿ, i-ya (maštį́ke étti hí-ną, dixáži wadáxowé íbahǫ ną́, iyá) - when Rabbit arrived there, Hill that draws things (people) into its mouth knew him, it is said [JOD]

► ex: e-shoⁿ di-xa-zhi wa-da-xo-we niⁿ-kʰe ma-shtiⁿ-ke i-ba-hoⁿ-taⁿ naⁿ, i-ya (ešǫ́ dixáži wadáxowé nįkʰé maštį́ke íbahǫ-tą dáxówaží ną, iyá) - as the Hill that draws things (people) into its mouth knew the Rabbit, he refused to swallow him, it is said [JOD]

► ex: i-shpa-haⁿ-we (íšpahąwé) - you (plural) know it [JOD]

► ex: i-shpa-haⁿ-we a, e-te-te (íšpahąwé a, étte tte) - do you’all know? I wonder. [JOD]

► ex: i-ba-haⁿ-wi (íbahaⁿwí) - they knew it [JOD]

► ex: tʰi niⁿ i-ba-haⁿ-wi (tʰi nį́ íbahaⁿwí) - they knew he was coming [JOD]

► ex: i-ba-haⁿ-zhi (íbahąží) - to not know, to not know how, to not recognize

► ex: i-pa-haⁿ-zhi miⁿ-kʰe (íppahąží mįkʰé) - I do not know/I who sit [JOD]

► ex: “ha-ki i-da-we i-pa-haⁿ-zhi miⁿ-kʰe,” i-yi (“hakí idáwe íppahąží mįkʰé,” iyí) - “I don’t know where they have gone,” she said [JOD]

► ex: i-ba-haⁿ kʰi-de (íbahąkʰíde) - inform, cause to know

► ex: i-ki-ba-haⁿ (íkibaháⁿ) - to know about oneself

► ex: ha-t’e naⁿ di-sh’a i-ki-ba-haⁿ (hatʔé ną dišʔá íkibahą́) - he knew he would fail because of his sickness [JOD]

► ex: i-ki-ba-haⁿwi (íkibahąwí) - they knew it for themselves [JOD]

► Dhegiha: i-ba-hoⁿ (íbahoⁿ) - know, to know a person or thing [Omaha/Ponca]; i-pa-hoⁿ (ípahoⁿ) - know how, to know how to do something [Omaha/Ponca]; i-ba-hoⁿ (ibahoⁿ) - know [Omaha]; i-ba-hoⁿ (í-ba-hoⁿ) - to know [FL-Osage]; i-pa-hoⁿ (ípahǫ) - know, understand, know as a person, be acquainted with, recognize, know someone as being a certain way or a certain type of person, guess [CQ-Osage]; i-ba-hoⁿ (íbahoⁿ) - to know, understand [Kaw]

 

► pi-’oⁿ (ppiʔǫ́) - do well, expresses precocity ► pi-moⁿ (ppímǫ) - I, shpi-zhoⁿ (špížǫ) - you

► pi-aⁿ (ppią́) - know how, knew how [JOD]

► pi-naⁿ (ppíną) - do well at something precociously

► Dhegiha: ʰpi-oⁿ (p̣i-óⁿ) - expert, skillful [FL-Osage]; ʰpi-oⁿ (ʰpíǫ) - know how to do something; learn; be skilled at or expert in [CQ-Osage]; i-e pi-oⁿ (íe píoⁿ) - talk well, correctly [Kaw]

 

undertake something

► o-ki-knaⁿ (okkíkną) - undertake something, “put oneself in” ► o-a-ki-knaⁿ (oákkikną) - I, o-da-ki-knaⁿ (odákkikną) - you

► cf. o-knaⁿ (okną́), o-kdaⁿ (okdą́) - put into; o-ki-knaⁿ (okíkną) - put sg/si/in into or beneath, as putting in the belt, etc.

► ex: shi-ke o-ki-knaⁿ (šiké okkíkną) - get into trouble, to get into trouble

► Dhegiha: u-gi-gthaⁿ (u-gí-g¢aⁿ) - to put his book, paper, etc., into his pocket; to put a cv. ob., belonging to himself, into a barrel or cv. box [JOD-Omaha]; u-gi-gthoⁿ (u-gí-gthoⁿ) - to put something in a pile [FL-Osage]; o-ʰki-laⁿ (óʰkilą) - “that which one puts oneself into,” clothes [CQ-Osage]; o-ʰki-laⁿ (oʰkílaⁿ), o-ʰki-o-laⁿ (óʰkioolą́) - put on oneself or dress in, dress oneself, put on clothes [CQ-Osage]; o-gi-laⁿ (ogílaⁿ) - put something in a container; put a sitting object into something [Kaw]

 

undo with the mouth or teeth

► da-kda (dakdá) - undo with the mouth, teeth

► cf. da (da) - by mouth; ba-kda (bakdá), naⁿ-pe ba-kda (nąpé bakdá) - open the hand; bi-kda (bikdá) - press out, push/blow loose; di-kda (dikdá) - undo, untie, pull loose; di-ki-kda (dikkíkda) - open, lift off as a door/plank; ka-kda (kakdá) - sway; naⁿ-kda (nąkdá) - loosen; come undone, as a shoelace

► Dhegiha: tha-gtha (thagthá) - to get the thong off his jaw; said of a horse, when no bit is used, and a thong is passed through his mouth [Omaha/Ponca]

 

undo, unravel, pull apart

► di-she (dišé) - undo, unravel, pull apart ► bdi-she (bdíše) - I, ti-she (ttíše) - you

► Dhegiha: thi-she-thoⁿ (thishethoⁿ) - disconnect; destroy; destruction; wreck; erase; cancel [Omaha]; thi-she-thoⁿ thi-shtoⁿ (thishethoⁿ thishtoⁿ) - disconnected; abolished [Omaha]; wa-xiⁿ-xa thi-she-thoⁿ (waxiⁿxa thishethoⁿ) - divorce [Omaha]

 

undo, untie, pull loose

► di-kda (dikdá) - undo, untie, pull loose ► bdi-kda (bdíkda) - I, ti-kda (ttíkda) - you

► cf. di (di) - by hand, pulling, cause or make to; di-ki-kda (dikkíkda) - open, lift off as a door/plank; ba-kda (bakdá), naⁿ-pe ba-kda (nąpé bakdá) - open the hand; bi-kda (bikdá) - press out, push/blow loose; da-kda (dakdá) - undo with the mouth, teeth; ka-kda (kakdá) - sway; naⁿ-kda (nąkdá) - loosen; come undone, as a shoelace

► Dhegiha: thi-gtha (thigthá) - to unbraid or unravel with the hand; to undo a string by pulling it [Omaha/Ponca];  thi-gtha (thigtha) - unroll, untie [Omaha]; thi-gtha-tha (thi-gthá-tha) - to unravel, unbraid [FL-Osage]; yu-la-ya (yuláya) - unravel, unbraid, separate with the hand; straighten coiled wire by pulling; pull open or separate, as the leaves of a book, by turning with the hand; open out, spread out, as the hand [Kaw]

 

undone, come undone

► naⁿ-kda (nąkdá) - loosen; come undone, as a shoelace or moccasin string ► a-naⁿ-kda (aną́kda) - I, da-naⁿ-kda (daną́kda) - you

► cf. naⁿ (ną) - by action of the foot; da-kda (dakdá) - undo with the mouth, teeth; naⁿ-pe ba-kda (nąpé bakdá), ba-kda (bakdá) - open the hand; bi-kda (bikdá) - press out, push or blow loose; di-kda (dikdá) - undo, untie, pull loose; di-ki-kda (dikkíkda) - open, lift off as a door/plank; ka-kda (kakdá) - sway

► Dhegiha: naⁿ-la-ya (naⁿláya) - to come undone, as a moccasin string; straighten with the foot, as a crooked stick [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ki-noⁿ-gtha (kinóⁿgtha) - of noⁿgtha; to come undone of its own accord, as a cord tied in a knot [Omaha/Ponca]

► Dhegiha: gtha (gtha) - unbraided, unwoven [Omaha/Ponca]; gtha-tha (gthá-tha) - untie; to unravel; to unbraid or untie [FL-Osage]; la-ya (layá) - opened out, untied, uncoiled, undone [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ba-gtha (bagthá) - untie, unmake, loosen, to undo braided hair, plaited rope, etc. [Omaha/Ponca]

► Dhegiha: ga-gtha (gagthá) - said of a horse carrying a pack: as he walks the motion causes the thongs to come undone [Omaha/Ponca]; ga-gtha (ga-gthá) - untangle; to make one’s hair become undone by accident [FL-Osage]; ga-la-ya (galáya) - comb out, cause hair to come undone by running a comb through, such as braids; cause to uncoil by throwing or striking, as a spool of thread or wire; wind or other natural force to cause an object to fall and spread out (coming undone) [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: thi-gtha (thigthá) - to unbraid or unravel with the hand; to undo a string by pulling it [Omaha/Ponca]; thi-gtha (thigtha) - unroll, untie [Omaha]; thi-gtha-tha (thi-gthá-tha) - to unravel [FL-Osage]; yu-la-ya (yuláya) - unravel, unbraid, separate with the hand; straighten coiled wire by pulling; pull open or separate, as the leaves of a book, by turning with the hand; open out, spread out, as the hand

 [Kaw]

 

unearth

► ka-naⁿ-pe (kaną́pe) - uncover, unearth ► a-naⁿ-pe (ánąpe) - I, da-naⁿ-pe (dánąpe) - you, oⁿ-ka-naⁿ-pa-we (ǫkáną́pawe) - we

► cf. ka (ka) - by striking, by action of the wind or water; ba-naⁿ-pe (baną́pe) - push into view; bi-naⁿ-pe (biną́pe) - push out into the open; di-naⁿ-pe (diną́pe) - cause to appear, show; mi wa-e-naⁿ-pe (mi wáeną́pe) - sunrise, “sun appears, comes into view”; naⁿ-naⁿ-pe (nąną́pe) - scuff into view with the feet

► Dhegiha: ga-e-thoⁿ-be (gaéthoⁿbe) - to strike the ground with a hoe, making something appear which has been hid beneath the sod [Omaha/Ponca]

► Dhegiha: e-thoⁿ-be (éthoⁿbe) - to appear in sight; to emerge from, as from water [Omaha/Ponca]; e-thoⁿ-be (é-thoⁿ-be) - rises and appears [FL-Osage]; i-thoⁿ-be (í-thoⁿ-be) - to appear, come into site [FL-Osage]; hi-thoⁿ-be (hí-thoⁿ-be) - to be exposed [FL-Osage]; i-thoⁿ-pe (íðǫpe) - appear [CQ-Osage]; i-yoⁿ-be (íyoⁿbe) - appear, come into view, rise; emerge, as from water [Kaw]

 

ungainly, unsteady

► i-naⁿ-naⁿ (iną́ną) - unsteady, ungainly

► i-naⁿ-naⁿ (iną́ną) - suddenly and often [JOD]

► ex: zha-ka i-naⁿ-naⁿ (žakká iną́ną), zha-ko-i-naⁿ-naⁿ (žakkoinąną) - jump, make sudden leaps

► ex: zha-ko-i-naⁿ-naⁿ (žakóiną́ną) - he leaped often, or each time [JOD]

► ex: zha-ko-i-naⁿ-na ka-xe (žakkóinąną́ kaγé) - make a horse prance

► ex: zha-ka i-naⁿ-naⁿ (žakká iną́ną) - leaping at intervals [JOD]

► ex: ma-shtiⁿ-ke zha-ka i-naⁿ-naⁿ shoⁿ kniⁿ naⁿ, i-ya (maštį́ke žakká iną́ną šǫ knį́ ną, i-ya) - Rabbit jumped about continually, it is said [JOD]

 

unhappy

► ki-da-kni-zhi (kídakníži) - unhappy, discontented ► aⁿ-da-kni-zhi (ą́dakníži) - I, di-dkni-zhi (dídakníži) - you

► cf. ki-da-kni (kidákni), ki-da-kniⁿ (kídaknį) - happy, pleased, to like; zhi (ži) - not, negative, negation; da-kni (dákni), da-kniⁿ (dáknį) - archaic word for good, used primarily in Quapaw personal names

► Dhegiha: gi-tha-gthiⁿ (gí-tha-gthiⁿ) - happy, pleased [FL-Osage]; ki-tha-liⁿ (kiðálį) - be glad, feel good, also used as an equivalent of thank you, like, enjoy, be happy about, be pleased with [CQ-Osage]; gi-ya-le (gíyale) - be happy [Kaw]

 

► wa-da-kni-zhi (wadákniži) - be unhappy, be displeased

► cf. wa-da-kni (wadákni) - be happy, be pleased; zhi (ži) - not, negative, negation

► Dhegiha: tha-gthiⁿ (¢á-g¢iⁿ) - good, this is the Ponka notation of the Osage tha-gthiⁿ (¢ak͓¢iⁿ) and the Kansas ya-liⁿ(yaliⁿ). Used primarily in Ponca names [Omaha/Ponca]; tha-gthiⁿ (thá-gthiⁿ) - good, fine, nice, pleasing in manner, exceedingly good, splendid, to be pleased [FL-Osage]; tha-liⁿ (ðáalį) - be good, feel good about something, be glad, thank you, fine, splendid, pretty, beautiful, handsome, good, well, finely, skillfully [CQ-Osage]; ya-li (yáli), ya-liⁿ (yáliⁿ), ya-le (yále) - to be good, as a good or well-behaved person, or good food [Kaw]

 

unit of measure

► si-toⁿ-we (síttǫwe) - one foot, unit of measure

► cf. si (si) - foot; i-toⁿ-we (íttǫwe), i-tʰoⁿ-we (ítʰǫwe) - bushel, measure for solids

 

unmarried boy

► iⁿ-tʰoⁿ-no (įttǫ́no), iⁿ-tʰoⁿ-na (įtʰǫ́na) - bachelor, unmarried boy

► iⁿ-tʰoⁿ-na (įtʰǫ́na) - young man; youth; boy, youth [JOD]

► ex: ni-ka iⁿ-tʰoⁿ-na ke wa-pe-da-i naⁿ (níkka įtʰǫ́na ké wappéda-i ną́) - the young men wore shawls [JOD]

► ex: “e-ska, wi-zhiⁿ-ke, iⁿ-tʰoⁿ-na maⁿ-o-zhi k’iⁿ koⁿ pa naⁿ wi-a-de pa e-koⁿ kaⁿ, i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“éska, wižį́ke, įtʰǫ́na mą́oží kʔį́ kǫ́ ppá ną wiáde ppá ékǫ kką,” iyí iyá maštį́ke) - “oh my son I hope that you become like the young unmarried men (able to take wives) whom I have seen carrying quivers on their backs,” it is said Rabbit said [JOD]

 

unmarried female

► mi zhi-ka (mižíka) - young girl, unmarried female

► mi zhi-ka (mižiká) - girl [JOD]

► cf. mi (mi), miⁿ (mį) - female; zhi-ka (žíka) - small, little, young

► ex: mi-zhi-ka ho-taⁿ (mižiká hóttą) - girl/good [JOD]

► ex: mi zhiⁿ-ka ho-toⁿ (mih-jinka-hutton) - a pretty girl (fille une jolie) [GI]

► ex: mi-zhi-ka o-zha (mižíka ožá) - girls dancing, a constellation with a circle of stars with one in the middle

► ex: te mi zhi-ka (tte mí žíka) - Buffalo Girl, Little Buffalo Girl, female name [MR]

► ex: aⁿ-mi-zhi-ka (ąmížiká) - me large girl [JOD]

► ex: aⁿ-mi-zhi-ka taⁿ-hi a-hi-bda shoⁿ-hi aⁿ-naⁿ-haⁿ (ąmížiká tąhí ahíbda šǫ́hi ą́nąhą́) - though/when I was a young girl, I bathed (in the creek/river) until I was grown [JOD]

► ex: mi-zhi-ka ke (mižiká ke) - the girls [JOD]

► ex: ka-ki ke mi-zhi-ka ke xa-ke a-pa (kakí ke mižiká ke γaké ápa) - those girls were crying [JOD]

► ex: mi-zhi-ka e-zhi ke (mižíka éži ke) - the other girls [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿtaⁿ mi-zhi-ka e-zhi ke i-ho-sa a-ta-ha, ni-xo-te a-zhi a-taⁿ ta-xa-xa-ke ka-xe a-taⁿ i-ki-xa koⁿ pa (kóišǫ́ttą mižíka éži ke ihosá attahá, nixótte áži áttą táγaγáke káγe áttą íkixa kǫ pá) - then the other girls scolded her, they put ashes on her which made her cry from the heat, they were laughing at her [JOD]

► ex: mi-zhi-ka za-ni hi (mižíka zaní hi) - all the girls, every single one of the girls [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ e-ti mi-zhi-ka za-ni hi i-k’i-ta-i taⁿ di-sh’a-wi (kóišǫ́ttą étti mižíka zaní hi íkʔitaí tą dišʔawi) - then, every single one of the girls there tried it and they failed [JOD]

► Dhegiha: miⁿ zhiⁿ-ga (míⁿzhiⁿga) - girl [Omaha/Ponca]; mi zhiⁿ-ga (mízhiⁿga) - girl [Omaha]

 

unmarried woman

► wa-di-xa-zhi (wádiγáži) - unmarried woman; virgin

► wa-di-xa-zhi hi (wádiγáži hí) - unmarried woman, spinster

► cf. a-di-xe (ádiγe) - marry a man, take a man for a husband

► Dhegiha: wa-thi-xe a-zhi (wathixe azhi) - unmarried [Omaha]; wa-thi-xa ba-zhi (wá¢ixa-bají) - had not married [JOD-Omaha]; wa-thi-xa-zhi (wá-thi-xa-zhi) - a woman not yet married; a maiden [FL-Osage]; wa-thu-xa-zhi (wáðuγaži) - female who has not married; virgin [CQ-Osage]; wa-yu-gha-zhi (wáyughazhi) - maiden, unmarried woman [Kaw]

 

unravel, undo, pull apart

► di-she (dišé) - undo, unravel, pull apart ► bdi-she (bdíše) - I, ti-she (ttíše) - you

► Dhegiha: thi-she-thoⁿ (thishethoⁿ) - disconnect; destroy; destruction; wreck; erase; cancel [Omaha]; thi-she-thoⁿ thi-shtoⁿ (thishethoⁿ thishtoⁿ) - disconnected; abolished [Omaha]; wa-xiⁿ-xa thi-she-thoⁿ (waxiⁿxa thishethoⁿ) - divorce [Omaha]

 

unripe, raw, green

► sa-ka (sakká) - raw, green, unripe

► Dhegiha: sa-kʰa (sákʰa) - raw, uncooked, green, unripe; said of plums, choke cherries, or grapes when they are hard [Omaha/Ponca]; sa-ka (sáka) - raw, uncooked, as food; green unripe [JOD-Omaha]; sa-ʰka (çá-ḳa) - raw, uncooked [FL-Osage]; sa-kaⁿ (sákaⁿ) - something raw [Kaw]

 

unsteady by burning

► ta-shoⁿ-da-da (tášǫdadá) - top heavy, unsteady by burning, said of a fire, not a personal act

► cf. ta (tá-) - by extreme temperature; shoⁿ-da-da (šǫ́dada) - unsteady, insecure; ba-shoⁿ-da-da (bašǫ́dada) - loosen, destabilize pushing at; bi-shoⁿ-da-da (bišǫ́dada) - upset, make unsteady pressing; ka-shoⁿ-da-da (kašǫ́dada) - undercut by striking, chopping; naⁿ-shoⁿ-da-da (nąšǫ́dadá) - destabilize with the foot; kick loose; pa-shoⁿ-da-da (pášǫdadá) - undercut, undermine; po-shoⁿ-da-da (póšǫdadá) - make top heavy by thrusting at

► Dhegiha: shoⁿ-tha (shoⁿthá) - spilled, upset and spilled, tipped over and spilled [Omaha/Ponca]; shoⁿ-shoⁿ-tha (shoⁿshóⁿtha) - loosened in its socket, as a fence post ot a tooth [Omaha/Ponca]; shoⁿ-shoⁿ-tha (shoⁿshoⁿtha) - limber [Omaha]

 

unsteady, insecure

► shoⁿ-da-da (šǫ́dada) - unsteady, insecure

► cf. di-shoⁿ-da (dišǫdá), di-shoⁿ (dišǫ́) - pull over and spill (liquid); di-shoⁿ-shoⁿ-da (dišǫšǫda) - loosen by working back/forth

► ex: ba-shoⁿ-da-da (bašǫ́dada) - loosen, destabilize pushing at

► ex: bi-shoⁿ-da-da (bišǫ́dada) - upset, make unsteady pressing

► ex: da-shoⁿ-da-da (dašǫ́dadá) - undermine

► ex: di-shoⁿ-da-da (dišǫ́dadá) - pull off balance

► ex: ka-shoⁿ-da-da (kašǫ́dada) - undercut by striking, chopping

► ex: naⁿ-shoⁿ-da-da (nąšǫ́dadá) - destabilize with the foot; kick loose

► ex: pa-shoⁿ-da-da (pášǫdadá) - undercut, undermine

► ex: po-shoⁿ-da-da (póšǫdadá) - make top heavy by thrusting at

► ex: ta-shoⁿ-da-da (tášǫdadá) - top heavy, unsteady by burning

► ex: naⁿ-te shoⁿ-da-da-zhi (ną́tte šǫ́dadáži) - stout hearted, “heart, not unsteady/not insecure”

► Dhegiha: shoⁿ-tha (shoⁿthá) - spilled, upset and spilled, tipped over and spilled [Omaha/Ponca]; shoⁿ-shoⁿ-tha (shoⁿshóⁿtha) - loosened in its socket, as a fence post ot a tooth [Omaha/Ponca]; shoⁿ-shoⁿ-tha (shoⁿshoⁿtha) - limber [Omaha]; ba-shoⁿ-tha (bashoⁿtha) - pour, dump [Omaha]; ba-shoⁿ-tha (ba-shóⁿ-tha) - to spill water from a vessel, either by accident or on purpose [FL-Osage]; gi-shoⁿ-tha (gí-shóⁿ-tha) - to make loose, to droop or fall, loose jointed, broken [FL-Osage]; ga-shoⁿ-tha (ga-shóⁿ-tha) - to spill water from a vessel by striking against it [FL-Osage]

 

unsteady, make unsteady by pressing

► bi-shoⁿ-da-da (bišǫ́dada) - upset, make unsteady pressing ► pi-shoⁿ-da-da (ppíšǫdada) - I, shpi-shoⁿ-da-da (špíšǫdada) - you

► cf. bi (bi) - by pressing, rubbing; shoⁿ-da-da (šǫ́dada) - unsteady, insecure; di-shoⁿ-da (dišǫdá), di-shoⁿ (dišǫ́) - pull over and spill (liquid); di-shoⁿ-shoⁿ-da (dišǫšǫda) - loosen by working back/forth; ba-shoⁿ-da-da (bašǫ́dada) - loosen, destabilize pushing at; da-shoⁿ-da-da (dašǫ́dadá) - undermine; di-shoⁿ-da-da (dišǫ́dadá) - pull off balance; ka-shoⁿ-da-da (kašǫ́dada) - undercut by striking, chopping; naⁿ-shoⁿ-da-da (nąšǫ́dadá) - destabilize with the foot; kick loose; pa-shoⁿ-da-da (pášǫdadá) - undercut, undermine; po-shoⁿ-da-da (póšǫdadá) - make top heavy by thrusting at; ta-shoⁿ-da-da (tášǫdadá) - top heavy, unsteady by burning; naⁿ-te shoⁿ-da-da-zhi (ną́tte šǫ́dadáži) - stout hearted, “heart, not unsteady/not insecure”

► Dhegiha: shoⁿ-tha (shoⁿthá) - spilled, upset and spilled, tipped over and spilled [Omaha/Ponca]; shoⁿ-shoⁿ-tha (shoⁿshóⁿtha) - loosened in its socket, as a fence post ot a tooth [Omaha/Ponca]; shoⁿ-shoⁿ-tha (shoⁿshoⁿtha) - limber [Omaha]; ba-shoⁿ-tha (bashoⁿtha) - pour, dump [Omaha]; ba-shoⁿ-tha (ba-shóⁿ-tha) - to spill water from a vessel, either by accident or on purpose [FL-Osage]; gi-shoⁿ-tha (gí-shóⁿ-tha) - to make loose, to droop or fall, loose jointed, broken [FL-Osage]; ga-shoⁿ-tha (ga-shóⁿ-tha) - to spill water from a vessel by striking against it [FL-Osage]

 

unsteady, ungainly

► i-naⁿ-naⁿ (iną́ną) - unsteady, ungainly

► i-naⁿ-naⁿ (iną́ną) - suddenly and often [JOD]

► ex: zha-ka i-naⁿ-naⁿ (žakká iną́ną), zha-ko-i-naⁿ-naⁿ (žakkoinąną) - jump, make sudden leaps

► ex: zha-ko-i-naⁿ-naⁿ (žakóiną́ną) - he leaped often, or each time [JOD]

► ex: zha-ko-i-naⁿ-na ka-xe (žakkóinąną́ kaγé) - make a horse prance

► ex: zha-ka i-naⁿ-naⁿ (žakká iną́ną) - leaping at intervals [JOD]

► ex: ma-shtiⁿ-ke zha-ka i-naⁿ-naⁿ shoⁿ kniⁿ naⁿ, i-ya (maštį́ke žakká iną́ną šǫ knį́ ną, i-ya) - Rabbit jumped about continually, it is said [JOD]

 

unsuccessful by shooting or punching

► po-iⁿ-zhi (póįži) - to be unsuccessful shooting or punching ► po-a-iⁿ-zhi (póaį́ži) - I, po-da-iⁿ-zhi (pódaį́ži) - you, po-oⁿ-iⁿ-zha-we (póǫįžawe) - we

► cf. po (po) - by shooting, blowing, punching; zhi (-ži) - negative, not; ba-iⁿ-zhi (baį́ži) - fail or miss pushing at something; bi-iⁿ-zhi (biį́ži) - fail/miss pressing/blowing; da-iⁿ-zhi (daį́ži) - fail using the mouth, voice; di-iⁿ-zhi (díįži) - fail in pulling, rowing, etc.; ka-iⁿ-zhi (kaį́ži) - fail in throwing or striking; naⁿ-iⁿ-zhi (nąį́ži) - fail in walking or with machine; pa-iⁿ-zhi (páįži) - fail in cutting or sawing; ta-iⁿ-zhi (táįži), (ttáįži) - fail in cooking, as when fire is not hot enough

► Dhegiha: bo-iⁿ-ba-zhe (bóiⁿbazhe) - botch in shooting, blowing [Kaw]

 

unsuccessful, be disappointed

► o-naⁿ-zhi (ónąži) - unsuccessful, be disappointed ► oⁿ-naⁿ-zhi (ǫ́nąži), o-aⁿ-naⁿ-zhi (óąnąži) - I, o-di-naⁿ-zhi (ódinąži) - you

 

untie, loosen, open

► di-shke (dišké) - untie, loosen, open ► bdi-shke (bdíške) - I, ti-shke (ttíške) - you

► Dhegiha: thi-shke (thishke) - untie [Omaha]; thi-shke (thi-shke) - to untie a knot [FL-Osage]; yu-shke (yushké) - untie something, as a knot [Kaw]

 

untie, undo, pull loose

► di-kda (dikdá) - undo, untie, pull loose ► bdi-kda (bdíkda) - I, ti-kda (ttíkda) - you

► cf. di (di) - by hand, pulling, cause or make to; di-ki-kda (dikkíkda) - open, lift off as a door/plank; ba-kda (bakdá), naⁿ-pe ba-kda (nąpé bakdá) - open the hand; bi-kda (bikdá) - press out, push/blow loose; da-kda (dakdá) - undo with the mouth, teeth; ka-kda (kakdá) - sway; naⁿ-kda (nąkdá) - loosen; come undone, as a shoelace

► Dhegiha: thi-gtha (thigthá) - to unbraid or unravel with the hand; to undo a string by pulling it [Omaha/Ponca];  thi-gtha (thigtha) - unroll, untie [Omaha]; thi-gtha-tha (thi-gthá-tha) - to unravel, unbraid [FL-Osage]; yu-la-ya (yuláya) - unravel, unbraid, separate with the hand; straighten coiled wire by pulling; pull open or separate, as the leaves of a book, by turning with the hand; open out, spread out, as the hand [Kaw]

 

until

► shoⁿ-hi (šǫ́hi) - till, until [JOD]

► ex: aⁿ-mi-zhi-ka taⁿ-hi a-hi-bda shoⁿ-hi aⁿ-naⁿ-haⁿ (ąmížiká tąhí ahíbda šǫ́hi ą́nąhą́) - though/when I was a young girl, I bathed (in the creek/river) until I was grown [JOD]

 

until, boiled until done

► wa-ti-te (watítte) - mush, “boiled until done”

► cf. ti-te (títte) - ripe, cooked; ti-te-de (títtede) - cook something

► Dhegiha: wa-niⁿ-de (waníⁿde) - mush [Omaha/Ponca]; wa-niⁿ-de (waniⁿde) - mush [Omaha]; wa-dsu-dse (wa-dsu-dse) - mush [FL-Osage]; wa-ju-je (wajúje) - mush, corn mush; rice; can also refer to corn; gravy [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: niⁿ-de (níⁿ-de) - cooked till done, as food; burnt or frozen, as parts of the body or the face, by exposure to heat or cold; blistered, as by a mustard plaster or fly blister [JOD-Omaha]; niⁿ-de (niⁿde) - ripe; cooked [Omaha]; dsiu-dse (dsiú-dse), dsu-dse (dsú-dse) - cooked well done; mellow; softened with ripeness; ripe; mature; as applied to fruit or grain [FL-Osage]; tsu-tse (cúuce) - done, cooked, ripe, mellow, mature, cook well done [CQ-Osage]; ju-je (júje) - cooked, done, as when fully cooked; burned, blistered [Kaw]; niⁿ-je (níⁿje) - cooked [Kaw]

 

unwilling, refuse, decline, lazy

► o-di-sh’a-ke (odíšʔake) - refuse, be unwilling, decline ► o-bdi-sh’a-ke (obdíšʔake) - I, o-ti-sh’a-ke (ottísʔake) - you

► ex: o-di-sh’a-ke hi (odíšʔake hi) - very lazy [MS]

► ex: “o-bdi-sh’a-ke (obdíšʔake) - I am unwilling [JOD]

► ex: “o-bdi-sh’a-ke! di-e k’iⁿ e-ka!” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“obdíšʔake! díe kʔį́ eká!” iyí iyá maštį́ke) - “I refuse! You carry it yourself!” it is said Rabbit said.

► ex: o-di-sh’a-ke (odíš’aké) - he refused [JOD]

► Dhegiha: u-thi-sh’a-ge (uthísh’age) - to be unwilling, to refuse [Omaha/Ponca]; u-thu-ʰts’a-ge (u-thú-ṭs’a-ge) - anything that becomes a nuisance; offensive; vexatious or annoying; not willing; lazy; idle; one who shirks, avoids work, evades responsibility [FL-Osage]; u-thi-sh’a-ge (u-thí-sh’a-ge) - lazy man, an idler [FL-Osage]; o-thu-ts’a-ke (oðúucʔake) - laziness, lazy, be or become tired or weary of [CQ-Osage]; o-thu-ts’a-ke (óðuucʔake) - be lazy [CQ-Osage]; o-yu-ts’a-ge (óyuts’age) - be unwilling, refuse, deny, lazy [Kaw]

 

up on a hill

► a-ni a-shi (áni áši) - up on a hill [MS]

► cf. a-ni (áni) - hill; a-shi (áši) - over, on top of, on, over

► ex: shoⁿ-ke-a-kniⁿ a-ni a-shi tʰaⁿ, i-bniⁿ-aⁿ (šǫ́keaknį áni áši tʰą́, íbnįą́) - I think the horse is standing on the hill

► Dhegiha: a-thiⁿ (áthiⁿ) - hillside, ridge [Omaha]; a-thiⁿ (á¢iⁿ) - ridge [JOD-Omaha]; a-thiⁿ (á-thiⁿ) - a ridge or divide [FL-Osage]; a-yiⁿ (áyiⁿ) - ridge, divide [Kaw]

 

up, bristle up

► di-sha-k’a (dišakʔá) - bristle up, cause by handling ► bdi-sha-k’a (bdíšakʔa) - I, ti-sha-k’a (ttíšakʔa) - you

► cf. ki-kdi-sha-k’a (kkikdíšakʔa) - make one’s hair stand on end

 

up, broken up

► xte-xte (xtéxte) - disorderly (mass), broken up

► cf. di-xde-xde (dixdéxde) - break glass, smash; ka-xde-xde (kaxdéxde) - smash, break something brittle; ma-xpi ka-xde-xde (maxpí kaxdéxde) - small puffy clouds; ka-xde (kaxdé) - smash, break a brittle object

► Dhegiha: thi-xthe-xthe-ge (thi-xthé-xthe-ge) - to shatter glass or other brittle substances with the hand [FL-Osage]; thu-le-ke (ðuuléke) - cause to break, cause to shatter, break or shatter with the hands (e.g., a dish, an egg, a light bulb, a window) [CQ-Osage]; yu-xle-ge (yuxlége) - crack something like an egg [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ga-xthe-xthe-ge (ga-xthé-xthe-ge) - to crack into small pieces [FL-Osage]; ga-xthe-ge (ga-xthé-ge) - to crack something brittle like glass, china, or stone [FL-Osage]; ka-le-ke (kaaléke) - shatter or break (eg., glass), shatter by striking or sudden movement, fracture (e.g., one’s skull) [CQ-Osage]; ga-xle-ge (gaxlége) - smash or break a solid, hard object, such as an egg, glass, ice, stone, wood, or bone [Kaw]

 

up, burn up

► ta-taⁿ-ha (táttąha) - burn to ashes, burn up

► cf. ta (tá) - by extreme temperature; ba-taⁿ-ha (battą́ha) - pulverize; bi-taⁿ-ha (bittą́ha) - crush, pulverize; da-taⁿ-ha (dattą́ha) - chew very fine; di-taⁿ-ha (dittą́ha) - turn crank as on a handmill; wa-di-taⁿ-ha (wadíttąha) - cornmeal; wa-di-taⁿ-ha wa-ske (wadíttąha waské) - cornbread; ka-taⁿ-ha (kattą́ha) - pound, pulverize; naⁿ-taⁿ-ha (nąttą́ha) - crush with feet, trample to bits; pa-taⁿ-ha (páttąha) - cut up very fine, as tobacco; po-taⁿ-ha (póttąha) - pulverize by punching/shooting

► Dhegiha: ga-ʰtoⁿ-he (ga-ṭoⁿ-he) - to pound into fine powder, as seeds for perfume [FL-Osage]; ga-taⁿ-haⁿ (gatáⁿhaⁿ) - mash and break something up, pound up [Kaw]

 

up, clean up

► di-ki-za (dikkíza) - clean up, put things away ► bdi-ki-za (bdíkkiza) - I, ti-ki-za (ttíkkiza) - you

► di-ki-ki-za (dikkíkkiza) - clean up, put house in order ► bdi-ki-ki-za (bdíkkikkíza) - I, ti-ki-ki-za (ttíkkikkíza) - you

► cf. ba-ki-ki-za (bakkíkkiza) - push through a crowd; wa-ki-za (wakkíza) - space, bare spot

► Dhegiha: thi-kʰi-za (thikʰíza) - to make his way through a lodge or house filled with people; to put the lodge in order by clearing away the goods, etc., putting them in their right places [Omaha/Ponca]

► Dhegiha: ki-za (kíza) - open forest, trees without undergrowth, including tall grass, sunflowers, etc. [Omaha/Ponca]; ki-ki-za (kíkiza) - clear patches, places here and there where one can see distant things, as the fog breaks away [Omaha/Ponca]

 

up, come up

► do-tʰi tʰe (dótʰi tʰé) - it came up or forth, to come up [JOD]

► cf. do (dó) - here, proximal prefix of relative proximity; on this side, on the near side; tʰi (tʰi) - arrive, to have come here; tʰe (tʰe) - the singular/standing/inanimate; collective/inanimate; past, completive aspect

► ex: e-koⁿ-xti do-tʰi tʰe (ekǫ́xti dótʰi tʰé) - just so/it came up [JOD]

► ex: e-koⁿ do-tʰi tʰe ka-xe, ka-xe (ekǫ́ dótʰi tʰé kaγé, káγe) - that sort, so/to come up/made/he made it [JOD]

► Dhegiha: yo-chi (yochí) - arrive here (visible) [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: du-a (dua) - on this side of [JOD-Omaha]; yo (yo) - here, proximal prefix of relative proximity; on this side, on the near side [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ti (tí) - to have come hither, had come [JOD-Omaha]; ʰtsi (ṭsi) - to come, has come [FL-Osage]; tsʰi (cʰí), a-tsʰi (acʰí) - arrive here, come here, motion accomplished, reach as a location or place, initial a is sometimes omitted in 3^rd person forms and normally omitted in imoeratives [CQ-Osage]; chi (chi) - arrive over here; arrive at a place not one’s home for the first time [Kaw]

 

► do-tʰi tʰe ka-ha (dótʰi tʰé kahá), do-tʰi tʰe-ka-ka (dótʰi tʰékahá) - to come up or forth [JOD]

► cf. do (dó) - here, proximal prefix of relative proximity; on this side, on the near side; tʰi (tʰi) - arrive, to have come here; tʰe (tʰe) - the singular/standing/inanimate; collective/inanimate; past, completive aspect; ka-ha (kahá) - on, upon; float; te-ka (ttéka) - new; ha (ha) - another

► ex: ko-i-shoⁿ-taⁿ ma-shtiⁿ-ke wa-naⁿ-bde do-tʰi tʰe-ka-ka ka-xe (kóišǫ́ttą maštį́ke waną́bde dótʰi tʰékahá káγe) - then/rabbit/food/to come up/made it [JOD]

► ex: si-ka taⁿ-ka o-hoⁿ -we sa-wa ti-te we-kdi o-zhi-xti do-tʰi tʰe-ka-ka (síkka ttą́ka ohǫ́ ówe sawá titté wékdi ožíxti dótʰi tʰékahá) - turkey/boiled/dried corn/cooked till done/grease/much put in it/come up [JOD]

► ex: e-koⁿ do-tʰi tʰe-ka-ka ka-xe (ekǫ́ dótʰi tʰekaha káγe) - so/to come up or forth/he made it [JOD]

► ex: shi-naⁿ do-tʰi tʰe ka-ka ka-xe (šíną dótʰi tʰe-káha káγe) - again/to come up or forth/he made it [JOD]

 

► o-do-hi (odóhi) - become or come up; changed into, turned into [JOD]

► cf. o-do (odó) - used to form instrumental of verbs in o; o (o) - locative, place at which, at a place, culmination of a certain action or state, wherein a certain thing takes place, in, inside, into; hi (hi) - arrive, reach there, have been; come, be coming here, not own

► ex: wa-di-si, e-zhi o-do-hi pa-xe te (wadisí, éži odóhi ppáγe tte) - throw it out, I will come up with something different [JOD]

► ex: we-s’a o-do-hi kʰe (wésʔa odóhi kʰe) - she changed into a serpent [JOD]

► ex: we-s’a o-do-hi kʰe i-ba-haⁿ (wésʔa odóhi kʰe íbahą) - he knew that she was changed into a serpent [JOD]

► ex: e-hoⁿ kʰe we-s’a o-do-hi kʰe taⁿ-ha naⁿ-pe xa-ke niⁿ-kʰe (ehǫ́ kʰe wesʔa odóhi kʰe tą́ha ną́ppe γaké nįkʰé) - because her mother had been changed into a serpent, she sat crying in fear [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ zho bdo-ka hi we-s’a o-do-hi i-ya-we, we-s’a-xti kde-zhe pe-xe ttaⁿ e-koⁿ o-do-hi i-ya-we (kóišǫ́ttą žo bdóka hi wésʔa odóhi iyáwe, wésʔaxti kdežé ppéγe ttą ekǫ́ odóhi iyáwe) - then her entire flesh/body turned into a snake, they say, turned into a rattlesnake (spotted real snake) with a rattle, like that, they say [JOD]

► ex: wa-x’o wi-ta we-s’a o-do-hi naⁿ ni-ti de (waxʔó wítta wésʔa odóhi ną nítti dé) - when my wife was turned into a serpent she went into the water [JOD]

► ex: wa-hi-ka zhi-ka ta-sha-knaⁿ o-do-hi ka-xe (wahíkka žíka tášakną́ odóhi káxe) - he made her change into into a small pin [JOD]

► ex: o-do-hi-ki-de (odóhikkidé) - he caused her to change into [JOD]

► ex: ni-ka-shi-ka wa-x’o o-do-hi-ki-de (níkkašíka waxʔó odóhikkidé) - he made (caused her) to change into a female human being [JOD]

► Dhegiha: u-hi (uhí) - place of reaching [JOD-Omaha]; u-hi (u-hí) - to reach and to enter [FL-Osage]; o-hi (ohí) - arrive at a place [Kaw]

 

up, cover up

► a-ka-naⁿ-da (ákaną́da) - hide something by covering it up with blowing dust, snow, shoveled dirt, etc. ► a-a-ka-naⁿ-da (áakaną́da) - I, a-da-ka-naⁿ-da (ádakaną́da) - you

► Dhegiha: a-ga-naⁿ-tha (á-ga-naⁿ́-¢a) - to blow dust or snow over an object and conceal it, as wood, footprints, etc.; to hoe the ground, throwing the displaced soil over an object hiding it from view [JOD-Omaha]; a-ga-noⁿ-ya (áganoⁿya) - fill up, knock a cover onto, conceal a hole by hitting the ground with a stick [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: a-noⁿ-tha (á-noⁿ-tha) - to overshadow; to obscure [FL-Osage]; a-noⁿ-ya (ánoⁿya) - overwhelm, obscure, cover [Kaw]

 

► i-ka-bnaⁿ (íkabną) - lid, covered up [MS]

► i-ka-bnaⁿ (íkabną) - lid, covered

 

up, cut up

► ba-to-we (battówe) - break into pieces, cut up ► pa-to-we (ppáttowe) - I, shpa-to-we (špáttowe) - you

► cf. ba (ba) - by pushing; bi-to-we (bittówe) - break, crumble into pieces; da-to-we (dattówe) - chew to pieces; di-to-we (dittówe) - plow, pulverize the soil; we-di-to-we (wédittówe) - plow; ka-to-we (kattówe) - shatter, break in pieces; naⁿ-to-we (nąttówe) - step on or kick and break something; pa-to-we (páttowe) - cut into large pieces; po-to-we (póttowe) - punch or shoot to pieces; to-wa-de (ttowáde) - crumble of it’s own accord

► Dhegiha: ma-tu-be (mátube) - to cut tolerably fine with a knife, as meat or tobacco [Omaha/Ponca]; ma-tu-be (ma tube) - mutilate [Omaha]; ba-ʰto-be (bá-ṭo-be) - to slice; to cut up; chopped fine [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: ba-tu-be (batúbe) - to make fine by pounding, as corn, buffalo meat, or pop-corn [Omaha/Ponca]; ba-to-be (batóbe) - grind, pound fine [Kaw]

 

► pa-taⁿ-ha (páttąha) - cut up very fine, as tobacco ► pa-a-taⁿ-ha (páattąha) - I, pa-da-taⁿ-ha (pádattąha) - you

► cf. pa (pá) - by cutting with a knife; ba-taⁿ-ha (battą́ha) - pulverize; bi-taⁿ-ha (bittą́ha) - crush, pulverize; da-taⁿ-ha (dattą́ha) - chew very fine; di-taⁿ-ha (dittą́ha) - turn crank as on a handmill; wa-di-taⁿ-ha (wadíttąha) - cornmeal; wa-di-taⁿ-ha wa-ske (wadíttąha waské) - cornbread; ka-taⁿ-ha (kattą́ha) - pound, pulverize; naⁿ-taⁿ-ha (nąttą́ha) - crush with feet, trample to bits; po-taⁿ-ha (póttąha) - pulverize by punching/shooting; ta-taⁿ-ha (táttąha) - burn to ashes, burn up

► Dhegiha: ga-ʰtoⁿ-he (ga-ṭoⁿ-he) - to pound into fine powder, as seeds for perfume [FL-Osage]; ga-taⁿ-haⁿ (gatáⁿhaⁿ) - mash and break something up, pound up [Kaw]

 

► pa-te (pátte) - butcher, to carve, cut up, dissect a dead body ► a-pa-te (apátte) - I, da-pa-te (dapátte) - you

► ex: pa-te (pátte) - she cut it up (the dead body) [JOD]

► ex: pa-te taⁿ k’iⁿ kde, i-ya (pátte tą kʔį kdé, iyá) - when she butchered it (the dead body), she packed it on her back, and carried it home, it is said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: pa-de (páde) - to carve, cut up, dissect a dead body; to scalp a person [Omaha/Ponca]; ʰpa-ʰtse (pá-ṭse), ʰpa-dse (pá-dse) - to butcher, to dissect; surgical (operation) [FL-Osage]; ʰpa-tse (ʰpáce) - butcher, dissect, operate on, perform surgery on, surgery [CQ-Osage]; pa-je (páje) - butcher an animal, to gut as fish [Kaw]

 

up, dry up

► ta-xe (táxe) - dried up, dead from heat/cold, used with almost all instrumental prefixes

► ex: ta-xe aⁿ-da-ki-de (táxe ądákidé) - you barbeque for me [JOD]

► ex: ta-xe aⁿ-ki-da (táxe ąkidá) - barbeque thou for me! [JOD]

 

► ba-ta-xe (battáxe) - dry up, root up the soil ► pa-ta-xe (ppáttaxe) - I, shpa-ta-xe (špáttaxe) - you

► cf. ba (ba) - by pushing; ta-xe (táxe) - dried up, dead from heat/cold

 

► bi-ta-xe (bittáxe) - dry up, press dry ► pi-ta-xe (ppíttaxe) - I, shpi-ta-xe (špíttaxe) - you

► cf. bi (bi) - by pressing, rubbing; ta-xe (táxe) - dried up, dead from heat/cold

 

► da-ta-xe (dattáxe) - dry up from being gnawed

► cf. da (da) - by mouth; ta-xe (táxe) - dead from heat or cold, dried up

 

► di-ta-xe (dittáxe) - dry out by pulling up, uproot ► bdi-ta-xe (bdíttaxe) - I, ti-ta-xe (ttíttaxe) - you

► cf. di (di) - by hand, pulling, cause or make to; ta-xe (táxe) - dried up, dead from heat/cold

 

► pa-ta-xe (páttaxe) - cut and dry up, e.g. cornstalk ► pa-a-ta-xe (páattaxe) - I, pa-da-ta-xe (pádattaxe) - you

► cf. pa (pá) - by cutting with a knife; ta-xe (táxe) - dried up, dead from heat/cold

 

► po-ta-xe (póttaxe) - cause to dry up from punching ► po-a-ta-xe (póattaxe) - I, po-da-ta-xe (pódattaxe) - you

► cf. po (po) - by shooting, blowing, punching, thrusting; ta-xe (táxe) - dried up, dead from heat/cold

 

► ta-ta-xe (táttaxe) - dry up and die, as vegetation from the sun

► cf. ta (tá) - by extreme temperature; ta-xe (táxe) - dried up, dead from heat/cold

 

up, flew up

► ki-ka-ze (kikáze) - it flew up on her, “blow upon one and cover” [JOD]

► ex: o-de-a-a-ze (ódeáaze) - cave in

► ex: wa-tʰe aⁿ-ka-ze hi (watʰé ą́kaze hí) - skirt/it flew up on me/very [JOD]

► ex: a-shi a-toⁿ-we taⁿ a-hi-pʰe, maⁿ-da hi a-zhaⁿ, wa-tʰe aⁿ-ka-ze hi kaⁿ hi a-zhaⁿ, e-shoⁿ t’e paⁿ-ze miⁿ-kʰe (áši atǫ́we tą ahipʰé, mąda hí ažą́, watʰé ą́kaze hí ką́ hí ažą́, éšǫ́ tʔe ppą́ze mįkʰe) - when I looked back I fell down, I laid there on my back, my dress flew up on me, so I laid there pretending to be dead [JOD]

► ex: wa-tʰe naⁿ ki-ka-ze kaⁿ-kʰe (watʰé ną kikáze ką-kʰé) - skirt/only/it flew up on her/she lay for a while (or, doing nothing) [JOD]

► Dhegiha: a-ga-a-ze (ágaáze) - said of the wind blowing a plank; off one place or object and on another; ʰtsi u-ʰki-a-ze (ṭsi ú-ḳi-a-çe) - house covering [FL-Osage]; ga-wa-ze (gawáze) - wind to blow off a cover, such as a plank, to expose what is beneath it [Kaw]

 

up, gather up

► di-xaⁿ (diγą́), di-xoⁿ (diγǫ́) - gather up in the hands ► bdi-xaⁿ (bdíγą) - I, ti-xaⁿ (ttíγą) - you

► Dhegiha: thi-xoⁿ (thixóⁿ) - to take up a handful of wheat, coffee, small nuts, berries, etc. [Omaha/Ponca]; thi-xoⁿ-xoⁿ (thixóⁿxoⁿ) - to gather up wheat, etc., by handfuls [Omaha/Ponca]

 

up, get up

► ki-ta (kítta), gi-ta (gítta) - arise, get up ► a-ki-ta (akítta) - I, da-ki-ta (dakítta) - you, ki-ta (kittá) - he/she

► ki-ta (kítta) - rise, rising, gets up, getting up, comes, coming, coming up [JOD]

► cf. ki (ki) - be returning to here; kʰi (kʰi) - arrive back at one’s own; ta (tta) - to, at, toward; ki-we (kiwé) - come, come in (invitation)

► ex: a-ki-ta (akítta) - I rise [JOD]

► ex: e-ta hi ki taⁿ, a-ki-ta taⁿ taⁿ-niⁿ wa-shkaⁿ, a-kde maⁿ-te e-ti (étta hí kí tą, akítta tą ttą́nį wášką, akdé mątté ettí) - when he reached there, I rose and running with all my might, I started back to the canoe [JOD]

► ex: a-gi-ta (ágítta) - I go home (I’m getting up) [AG]

► ex: wi-e a-gi-ta (wíe ágítta) - I’m getting up [AG]

► ex: ki-ta (kittá) - she arose [JOD]

► ex: ki-ta (kittá), gi-ta (gítta) - get up! [MS, AG]

► ex: si-ke gi-ta …. o-sti-te ni-kʰe (síke gítta …. óstítte nikʰé) - (oldest daughter) get up, your slow [AG]

► ex: haⁿ-ba ki-ta (hą́ba kítta) - female name, Rises Early; Gets Up Early

► ex: kde-taⁿ ki-ta (kdetą́ kítta) - masculine name, Hawk Gets Up [JOD]

► ex: maⁿ-shaⁿ iⁿ-te ki-ta (mą́šą įtté kítta) - female name, Feather is Turned Bottom Up [JOD]

► ex: maⁿ-shaⁿ ki-ta (mášą kítta), ma-shiⁿ gi-ta (mášį́ gítta) - female name, Feather Rising, Feather Getting Up, Mary Thompson Williams name [MS]

► ex: mi ska ki-ta (mi ská kítta) - female name, White Sun Coming Up, White Sun Gets Up (Comes), White Female Coming [MS, FR, JOD]

► ex: pa-si ki-ta (pási kítta) - masculine name, Hail Comes (gets up) [JOD]

► ex: taⁿ-iⁿ ki-ta (ttą́į kittá) - masculine name, (Sun) Gets up In-sight [JOD]

► ex: ta-te ki-ta (ttatté kittá) - female name, not recorded, possibly, Rising Wind, Wind Gets up, Coming Wind [JOD]

► ex: te-ka ki-ta (ttéka kítta) - female name, not recorded, possibly, Rises Anew, Newly Risen [JOD]

► ex: te mi ki-ta (tte mí kittá) - female name, not recorded, possibly, Buffalo Woman Gets Up; Buffalo Female Rises, Female Buffalo Comes [JOD]

► ex: wa-tʰe ki-ta (wátte kítta) - female name, not recorded, possibly, Rising Star, Star That Rises [JOD]

► Dhegiha: xu-e gi-da (xu-e-gi-da) - Comes Roaring, personal name, refers to the wind in an approaching storm [FL-Osage]

 

► na-zhiⁿ (nažį́) - stand ► a-na-zhiⁿ (anážį) - I, da-na-zhiⁿ (danážį) - you, oⁿ-na-zhiⁿ-we (ǫnážįwe) - we

► na-zhiⁿ (nažį́) - standing [OM]

► cf. a-na-zhiⁿ (ánažį) - stand upon; floor; o-na-zhiⁿ (ónažį) - stand in a place; sto-de hi naⁿ-zhiⁿ (stodé hi nąžį́) - stand in a group; iⁿ-ka-bde a-na-zhiⁿ (įkábde anážį) - Lovers Leap near Quapaw, OK; a-ki-na-zhiⁿ (ákinážį) - stand on one’s own; ki-na-zhiⁿ (kínažį) - stand with reference to another; ni-a-ki-na-zhiⁿ (niákinážį) - have duty of fetching water, stand to fetch water for one; i-na-zhiⁿ (ínažį) - stand by, support or aid someone

► ex: na-zhiⁿ ni-he (nažį́ nihé) - stand up!

► ex: na-zhiⁿ ka-xe (nažį́ káγe) - stood/made him [JOD]

► ex: wa-haⁿ-niⁿ-ke taⁿ o-pi-zhi kʰe kdi-a-ze naⁿ shoⁿ-ke-a-kniⁿ kde-zhe hi naⁿ-ta-ta-xe ka-xe tʰi na-zhiⁿ ka-xe (wahą́nįké tą óppiži kʰe kdiáze ną šǫ́keáknį kdežé hi nątatáxe káγe tʰí nažį́ káγe) - when the orphan opened her box a spotted horse came (was made to come, appear), standing there making noises with his feet [JOD]

► Dhegiha: na-zhiⁿ (nazhíⁿ) - stand, continue [Omaha/Ponca]; na-zhiⁿ (na-jíⁿ) - to stand; to continue doing any thing [JOD-Omaha]; noⁿ-zhiⁿ (noⁿzhiⁿ) - get up, arise, standing, tise up [Omaha]; noⁿ-zhiⁿ (noⁿ-zhiⁿ) - to rise or stand; stood [FL-Osage]; naⁿ-zhiⁿ (nąąžį́) - stand, be standing; stand up, get up; terminate ongoing activity preparatory to departing; stop, cause to stop, halt, detain someone who is passing by [CQ-Osage]; na-zhiⁿ (nazhíⁿ), naⁿ-zhiⁿ (naⁿzhíⁿ) - stand, stand up [Kaw]

 

up, go up

► maⁿ-shi de (mą́ši dé) - go up, ascend

► cf. maⁿ-shi (mąší) - upper, upward, above, heaven, high; de (de) - go

► Dhegiha: moⁿ-shi (móⁿshi) - above; high in the air [Omaha/Ponca]; moⁿ-shi (móⁿ-shi) - up above, the arch of heaven, zenith [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-shi (mą́ši) - be upward or upright [CQ-Osage]; maⁿ-shi (máⁿshi) - high up, as the sun in the sky [Kaw]

 

up, grown up

► naⁿ-haⁿ (ną́hą, nąhą́), naⁿ-hoⁿ (nąhǫ, nąhǫ́) - old, grown up, mature ► aⁿ-naⁿ-hoⁿ (ą́nąhǫ́) - I, di-naⁿ-hoⁿ (dínąhǫ́) - you, wa-naⁿ-hoⁿ-we (wánąhǫwe) - we

► cf. naⁿ (ną), noⁿ (noⁿ) - old, mature, adult

► ex: i-da-te naⁿ-haⁿ (idátte nąhą́) - a man’s father’s older brother

► ex: iⁿ-da nyoⁿ-hoⁿ (įdanyǫ́hǫ) - older aunt [OM]

► ex: she-mi naⁿ-haⁿ (šémi ną́hą) - young girl

► ex: naⁿ-hoⁿ-de (nąhǫ́de), naⁿ-haⁿ-de (nąhą́de) - cultivate, bring to maturity

► ex: aⁿ-naⁿ-haⁿ (ą́nąhą́) - me grownup [JOD]

► ex: aⁿ-mi-zhi-ka taⁿ-hi a-hi-bda shoⁿ-hi aⁿ-naⁿ-haⁿ (ąmížiká tąhí ahíbda šǫ́hi ą́nąhą́) - though/when I was a young girl, I bathed (in the creek/river) until I was grown [JOD]

► ex: de naⁿ-haⁿ tʰaⁿ (dé nąhą́ tʰą) - this grown one (standing) [JOD]

► ex: miⁿ-taⁿ naⁿ-haⁿ to-wa-i (mįtą́ nąhą́ tówaí) - the four of them grew up together [JOD]

► ex: wi-e naⁿ-hi naⁿ-haⁿ e-ti miⁿ-kʰe (wíe nąhí nąhą́ ettí mįkʰé) - I/only/grown/there/I who (sit) [=I am the eldest] [JOD]

► ex: wi-zhoⁿ-de wi-ti-to i-niⁿ-ha, shi-zhi-ka e-ta-we e-naⁿ-hi o-shte ke, wi-e naⁿ-hi naⁿ-haⁿ e-ti miⁿ-kʰe (wižǫ́de wittítto inįhá, šižíka ettáwe enąhí ošté ke, wíe nąhí nąhą́ ettí mįkʰé) - my elder sister and elder brother, their children are all that is left, I am the eldest [JOD]

► ex: naⁿ-haⁿ zhi-ka (ną́hą žiká) - girl who has reached puberty

► ex: naⁿ-haⁿ zhi-ka hi (nąhą́ žiká hí) - grown/a little/very [JOD]

► ex: e she-mi i-ta-de taⁿ naⁿ-haⁿ zhi-ka hi taⁿ ka-i-she-taⁿ hi taⁿ e-hoⁿ niⁿ-kʰe t’e (é šémi íttadé tą nąhą́ žiká hí tą ká-išétą hí tą ehǫ́ nįkʰé tʔe) - when the girl that was born reached puberty her mother died [JOD]

► ex: naⁿ-haⁿ zhi-ka hi (nąhą́ žiká hí) - grown/a little/reached [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ e-koⁿ niⁿ naⁿ-haⁿ zhi-ka hi taⁿ kaⁿ-taⁿ naⁿ (kóišǫ́ttą ékǫ nį́ nąhą́ žiká hí tą ką-tą́ ną) - then, she went along like that for sometime until she was grown (reached puberty) [JOD]

► ex: naⁿ-haⁿ zhi-ka hi (nąhą́ žiká hí) - grown/a little/very [a little larger] [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ e-shoⁿ-hi naⁿ-haⁿ zhi-ka hi taⁿ naⁿ (kóišǫ́ttą ešǫhí nąhą́ žiká hí tą́ ną) - then, after some time, she grew a little larger (a little older) [JOD]

► ex: ni-ka naⁿ-haⁿ (níkka ną́hą) - old man, grown man

► ex: i-ti-knaⁿ naⁿ-hi i-ti-knaⁿ pa naⁿ ni-ka naⁿ-haⁿ ke, do-ka-ni hi pa naⁿ (ittíkną ną́hi ittíkną pá ną níkka nąhą́ ke, dokkáni hi pá ną) - the grown men only wore a breach cloth, they were naked to the waist (no shirt) [JOD]

► ex: e-ti ni-ka naⁿ-haⁿ ke a-di-ski naⁿ-hi pa naⁿ (étti níkka nąhą́ ke adiskí ną́hi pá ną) - (back then), the grown men only wore their hair shaved [JOD]

► ex: e-ti ni-ka naⁿ-haⁿ ke i-ti-knaⁿ naⁿ-hi i-ti-knaⁿ pa naⁿ (étti níkka nąhą́ ke ittíkną ną́hi ittíkną pá ną) - (back then), the grown men only wore a breechcloth [JOD]

► ex: she-to naⁿ-haⁿ (šétto nąhą́) - grown boy, large boy, teenager

► ex: she-to naⁿ-haⁿ (šétto nąhą́) - boy/grown (=large) [JOD]

► ex: “e-ska, wi-zhiⁿ-ke, she-to naⁿ-haⁿ maⁿ-di-taⁿ si-si hi naⁿ-we e-koⁿ kaⁿ,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“éska, wižį́ke, šétto nąhą́ mądíttą sisí hi ną-wé ékǫ kką,” iyí iyá maštį́ke) - “oh my son I hope that you become like the grown boys who pull a bow and are very active (able to run swiftly and far),” it is said Rabbit said [JOD]

► ex: wa-x’o naⁿ-haⁿ (waxʔó ną́hą) - grown woman, old lady

► ex: wa-x’o naⁿ-haⁿ ke wa-tʰe shte-ka i-niⁿ pa naⁿ (waxʔó nąhą́ ke watʰé šteká inį́ pa ną́) - grown women wore short dresses [JOD]

► Dhegiha: noⁿ-hoⁿ (nóⁿ-hoⁿ) - older person [FL-Osage]; noⁿ-hoⁿ (nóⁿhoⁿ) - adult [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: shiⁿ-ʰto noⁿ-hoⁿ (shíⁿ-ṭo-noⁿ-hoⁿ) - a bachelor, a single man [FL-Osage]; shi-do noⁿ-hoⁿ (shído noⁿhoⁿ) - a youth, a young man that is nearly grown [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: wa-k’o noⁿ-hoⁿ (wakʔó nǫ́hǫ́) - a woman who has been married, but who is now alone, a widow [JOD-Osage]; wa-k’o noⁿ-hoⁿ (wak’ó noⁿhóⁿ) - grown woman [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: naⁿ (náⁿ) - grown [JOD-Omaha]; noⁿ (noⁿ) - adult animal; adult person; elder [Omaha]; noⁿ (noⁿ) - to grow; to age; to mature; an adult [FL-Osage]; noⁿ (nǫ́ǫ) - be old, grow up to adulthood, mature; adulthood, grownups, adults; old folks, elders in times past, old ones; advancded age, old age [CQ-Osage]; noⁿ (noⁿ) - old, mature [Kaw]

 

up, high up

► maⁿ-shi hi (mą́ši hí) - high, high up, incommunicative

► cf. maⁿ-shi (mąší) - upper, upward, above, heaven, high; hi (hi) - very

► ex: pe-te-shte maⁿ-shi hi (ppettéšte mą́ši hí) - very high blaze, flame [JOD]

► ex: maⁿ-shi hi (mąší hi) - cliff

► Dhegiha: moⁿ-shi (móⁿshi) - above; high in the air [Omaha/Ponca]; moⁿ-shi (móⁿ-shi) - up above, the arch of heaven, zenith [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-shi (mą́ši) - be upward or upright [CQ-Osage]; maⁿ-shi (máⁿshi) - high up, as the sun in the sky [Kaw]

 

up, hurry up

► o-ti-ti (óttitti) - hurry in doing something, quickly ► o-a-ti-ti (óattittí) - I, o-da-ti-ti (ódattittí) - you

► o-ti-ti (óttitti) - hasten, in haste [JOD]

► o-chi-chi (óčiči) - hurry [OM]

► cf. tʰi-de (tʰidé) - to begin, suddenly [JOD]

► ex: o-ti-ti wa-ba-hi (óttitti wabahi) - snatch up bits

► ex: di-taⁿ-shka o-ti-ti o-ki-hoⁿ! (dittą́ška óttitti ókihǫ́!) - hurry up and cook for your nephew, (your brother’s son)! [JOD]

► ex: “o-ti-ti! hoⁿ-pe o-da-ki-tʰoⁿ niⁿ-kʰe! si taⁿ-ka! zaⁿ-ze hi! i-shta taⁿ-ka! i-ha-shka!” i-yi i-ya maⁿ-tʰo (“óttitti! hǫpé odákitʰǫ nįkʰe! si ttą́ka! zązé hi! ištá ttą́ka! íhašká!” iyí iyá mątʰó) - “hurry! you putter on of moccasins! big foot! stinky! big eyes! split lip!” it is said Grizzly bear said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: tʰi-the (tʰithé) - to begin, commence, or start suddenly [Omaha/Ponca]; ʰtsi-the (ṭsi-thé) - he hastened; denoting sudden action [FL-Osage]; chi-ye (chiyé) - suddenly, action in this direction [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: i-noⁿ-xthiⁿ (ínoⁿqthiⁿ) - to hasten or be in a hurry for or on account of any thing [Omaha/Ponca]; o-noⁿ-xthiⁿ (ó-noⁿ-xthiⁿ), u-noⁿ-xthiⁿ (ú-noⁿ-xthiⁿ) - to make haste; to hurry [FL-Osage]; o-na-liⁿ (ónalį), o-na-xliⁿ (ónaxlį), o-na-ʰliⁿ (ónaʰlį) - hurry up! [CQ-Osage]; o-naⁿ-xliⁿ (ónaⁿxliⁿ), o-noⁿ-xliⁿ (ónoⁿxliⁿ) - Hurry up!; fast, rapidly, as a wheel revolving or animate objects moving [Kaw]

 

up, I am standing up now

► a-na-zhiⁿ a-tʰaⁿ-he (anážį atʰąhé) - I am standing up (now) [ASG]

► cf. a-na-zhiⁿ (anážį) - I stand; a-tʰaⁿ-he (atʰąhé) - 1sg continuative auxiliary, singular/standing/animate

► Dhegiha: a-na-zhiⁿ (anázhiⁿ) - I stand [Omaha/Ponca]; a-noⁿ-zhiⁿ (a-nóⁿ-zhiⁿ) - I rise [FL-Osage]; a-naⁿ-zhi (aną́ąži), a-naⁿ-zhiⁿ (aną́ąžį) - I stand [CQ-Osage]; a-na-zhiⁿ (anázhiⁿ) - I stand [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: a-tʰoⁿ-he (atʰoⁿhé) - I who stand [Omaha/Ponca]; a-toⁿ-he (a-toⁿ-he) - I stand [FL-Osage]; aⁿ-txaⁿ-he (ątxąhé) - continuative aspect postverbal marker (indicating ongoing action or state in present or past time) for standing 1^st sg. subject [CQ-Osage]; a-kha-he (akháhe), a-khaⁿ-he (akháⁿhe) - continuative I, while standing [Kaw]

 

up, lace up

► o-di-snoⁿ (odísnǫ) - lace up ► o-bdi-snoⁿ (obdísnǫ) - I, o-ti-snoⁿ (ottísnǫ) - you

► Dhegiha: u-thi-znoⁿ (uthíznoⁿ) - thread, lace, harness, to thread a needle, lace a shoe, harness a horse to a wagon [Omaha/Ponca]; wa-hoⁿ u-thi-znoⁿ (wahoⁿ uthiçnoⁿ) - thread [Omaha]; o-thi-naⁿ (oðíiną) - fasten, button (e.g., an old-fashioned shoe with buttons or a sweater with buttons), zip, tie up, rope (e.g., a calf) [CQ-Osage]

 

► i-ba-zoⁿ-te (íbazǫ́tte) - lace up, as a pack ► i-pa-zoⁿ-te (íppazǫtte) - I, i-shpa-zoⁿ-te (íšpazǫtte) - you

► cf. i-ki-pa-zoⁿ-te (íkkippazǫ́tte) - fasten; ka-zaⁿ-te (kazą́tte) - weave, braid; wa-zoⁿ-te (wázǫtte) - mat

► Dhegiha: i-ba-zaⁿ-je (íbazaⁿje) - lace up with, fasten shut, to fasten, as the end skins of a tent, by running the sticks or cords from one side to the other [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: a-ba-zoⁿ-de (ábazoⁿde) - to stitch up, sew up, or lace up [Omaha/Ponca]; a-ba-zoⁿ-dse (á-ba-çoⁿ-dse) - to lace a shoe, to lace up as a shoe [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: e-ba-zoⁿ-de (ébazóⁿde) - to stitch or run up, in sewing on any object, for another [Omaha/Ponca]; u-thi-ba-zoⁿ-de (uthíbazóⁿde) - to lace and tie another's shoes for him, at his request [Omaha/Ponca]

► Dhegiha: zoⁿ-zoⁿ-de (zoⁿzoⁿde) - stitch [Omaha]; wa-zoⁿ-dse (wá-çoⁿ-dse) - any woven article, textile [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: ga-zoⁿ-de (gaçoⁿde) - weave, braid [Omaha]; ga-zoⁿ-dse (ga-çóⁿ-dse) - to weave, to braid [FL-Osage]; ga-zaⁿ-je (gazáⁿje) - weave [Kaw]

 

up, lift up

► di-ha-ta de-de (dihátta déde) - lift, pull up suddenly ► bdi-ha-ta de-a-de (bdíhátta déade) - I, ti-ha-ta de-da-de (ttíhátta dédade) - you

► cf. di (di) - by hand, pulling, cause or make to; di-ha-ta (díhattá) - lift something; de-de (déde) - sent away, causative of go; to throw it off; he sent it off or thither; he threw it away or off; ba-ha-ta (bahattá) - pick up with pointed object; ba-ha-ta de-de (bahátta déde) - brush aside; bi-ha-ta de-de (bihátta déde) - lever, weight, press on end; ka-ha-ta de-de (kahátta déde) - knock aside, turn aside; naⁿ-ha-ta de-de (nąhátta déde) - lift with the foot; po-ha-ta de-de (póhatta déde) - poke something in order to lift it; de-de (déde) - sent away, causative of go

► Dhegiha: the-the (théthe) - to cause to go; to send off an object; used as an auxiliary verb [Omaha/Ponca]; the-the (thethé) - to go this way (in his own footprints, made previously) [Omaha/Ponca]; the-the (the the) - start; send [Omaha]; the-the (¢é¢ĕ) - send suddenly [JOD-Omaha]; the-the (thé-the) - to send; to transmit [FL-Osage]; the-the (ðéeðe) - make go, cause to go; send; mail [CQ-Osage]; ye-ye (yéye) - auxiliary verb indicating sudden movement or forceful action; far off, in the distance [Kaw]

 

► di-i-ka-tʰoⁿ (diíkatʰǫ) - lift someone up, causing them to moan ► bdi-i-ka-tʰoⁿ (bdíikatʰǫ) - I, ti-i-ka-tʰoⁿ (ttíikatʰǫ) - you

► cf. di (di) - by hand, pulling; i-ka-toⁿ (íkattǫ) - grunt, groan, moan

► Dhegiha: thi-i-ga-tʰoⁿ (thiígatʰoⁿ) - to make a sick person grunt or groan by lifting him or her [Omaha/Ponca]

► Dhegiha: i-ga-tʰoⁿ (í-ga-t‘aⁿ) - to grunt, snivel; to labor, as a woman in travail [JOD-Omaha]; i-ga-toⁿ (igatoⁿ) - moan, groan [Omaha]; i-ga-ʰtoⁿ (í-ga-ṭoⁿ) - to groan, to moan [FL-Osage]

 

► di-maⁿ-shi (dimą́ši) - pull up high ► bdi-maⁿ-shi (bdímąši) - I, ti-maⁿ-shi (ttímąši) - you

► cf. di (di) - by hand, pulling, cause or make to; maⁿ-shi (mąší) - upper, upward, heaven, high, above

► ex: di-maⁿ-shi hne (dimą́ši hné) - raise it up! [MS]

► Dhegiha: thi-moⁿ-shi (thimóⁿshi) - to pull up high [Omaha/Ponca]; thi-moⁿ-shi (thi moⁿshi) - elevate [Omaha]; thu-maⁿ-shi (ðuumą́ši) - pull up, hold up, raise, lift [CQ-Osage]; yu-maⁿ-shi (yumáⁿshi) - to elevate, put up high; to lift something [Kaw]

 

up, open up

► di-shi-we (dišíwe) - open up, open ► bdi-shi-we (bdíšiwe) - I, ti-shi-we (ttíšiwe) - you

► cf. i-di-shi-we (ídišíwe) - key; o-naⁿ-taⁿ di-shi-we (oną́ttą díšiwe) - door knob; o-shi-we (ošíwe) - slipped off of its own accord; mi-aⁿ-pa di-shi-we (mią́pa dišíwe) - eclipse of the moon

► Dhegiha: thi-shi-be (thishibe) - open, unlock, uncap, unhitch [Omaha]; thi-shi-be (thi-shí-be), thi-shu-be (thi-shú-be) - to open anything that has a lid or a door, to open a covered box, to open as a door, to open or unfasten a door [FL-Osage]; thi-shu-pe (ðiišúpe), thu-shu-pe (ðuušúpe) - open, unlock and open [CQ-Osage]; yu-shu-be (yushúbe), yu-shu-we (yushúwe) - open, as a door or a sacred bundle, unlock, gate [Kaw]

 

► ka-wa-di-shta (kawádišta) - uncover, open up ► a-wa-di-shta (áwadišta) - I, da-wa-di-shta (dáwadišta) - you

► cf. wa-di-shta (wadíšta) - visible, plain; ba-wa-di-shta (bawádišta) - knock into view; da-wa-di-shta (dawádištá) - declare a thing to be something; ka-wa-di-shta (kawádišta) - uncover, open up; pa-wa-di-shta (páwadišta) - skin an animal; po-wa-di-shta (pówadišta) - punch, shoot into view; naⁿ-wa-di-shta (nąwádišta) - uncover with the feet; ta-wa-di-shta (táwadíšta) - burn off, clear by burning; di-shta (dištá) - smoothe, plane, sand

► Dhegiha: ga-wa-thi-shna (ga-wá-¢i-c͓na) - to make visible by digging, as something buried under ground, snow, etc.; to blow off the sand or snow, causing what was covered to appear [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: wa-thi-shna (wa-¢í-c͓na) - to be visible, clear, plain [JOD-Omaha]; shi-wa-thi-shna (shíwathishna) - appear [Omaha]; thi wa-thi-shna (thi wathishna) - reveal, show, bring it out [Omaha]; wa-yu-shta (wayúshta) - visible, to be in sight [Kaw]

 

up, pick up

► ba-ha-ta (bahattá) - pick up with pointed object ► pa-ha-ta (ppáhatta) - I, shpa-ha-ta (špáhatta) - you

► cf. ba-ha-ta de-de (bahátta déde) - brush aside; bi-ha-ta de-de (bihátta déde) - lever, weight, press on end; di-ha-ta (díhattá) - lift something; di-ha-ta de-de (dihátta déde) - lift, pull up suddenly; ka-ha-ta de-de (kahátta déde) - knock aside, turn aside; naⁿ-ha-ta de-de (nąhátta déde) - lift with the foot; po-ha-ta de-de (póhatta déde) - poke something in order to lift it

 

► ba-hi (báhi) - to pick [JOD]

► ba-hi (bahí) - grab ► pa-hi (ppáhi) - I, shpa-hi (špáhi) - you

► cf. ki-ba-hi (kibáhi) - to pick up one’s own [JOD]; wa-ba-hi (wabáhi) - pick up food as birds, animals

► ex: wa-ta-sto-ta ba-hi (watástotta báhi) - to pick pecan nuts [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ba-hi (bahí) - select, pick; pick up [Omaha]; ba-hi (bahi) - to pick up, gather up [JOD-Omaha]; ba-hi (bahí) - to pick, as selecting one from many; to sort, to sort the good from the bad; picked, selected, the best; to pick or gather from the ground; to be elected [FL-Osage]; pa-hi (paahí) - pick or gather (e.g., fruit, flowers), collect together or pick up (many small, scattered things), sort (e.g., beans, clothing to be laundered) [CQ-Osage]; ba-hi (bahí) - pick up, gather; to pick or gather from the ground, as fruit, vegetables, etc. [Kaw]

 

► ki-ba-hi (kibáhi) - to pick up one’s own [JOD]

► cf. ba-hi (báhi) - to pick, grab; wa-ba-hi (wabáhi) - pick up food as birds, animals

► ex: ki-ba-hi a-taⁿ wa-ba-tʰe o-zhi-ha niⁿ-kʰe o-ki-zhi maⁿ-niⁿ niⁿ, i-ya (kibáhi-attą́ wabátʰe óžiha nįkʰé okíži mą́nį nį́, iyá) - she walked around picking up the pieces, filling her sewing bag, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► Dhegiha: gi-pa-hi (gi-p͓á-hi) - to pick up or gather his own from the ground [JOD-Omaha]; gi-ba-hi (gí-ba-hi) - to pick or gather from the ground (neither from trees nor from bushes) for another [JOD-Omaha]; ki-pa-hi (k͓i-p͓á-hi) - to pick out for themselves [JOD-Omaha]; ʰki-ʰpa-hi (ḳip̣áhi) - to choose a man or woman from their own number, as in a ball game [FL-Osage]; ʰki-ʰpa-hi (ʰkíʰpaahi) - pick, pick up, choose, select for oneself [CQ-Osage]

 

► wa-ba-hi (wabáhi) - pick up food as birds, animals

► cf. ba-hi (báhi) - to pick, grab; ki-ba-hi (kibáhi) - to pick up one’s own [JOD]

► ex: o-ti-ti wa-ba-hi (óttitti wabahi) - snatch up bits

► Dhegiha: wa-ba-hi (wá-ba-hi) - to gather them together [JOD-Omaha]; wa-ba-hi (wa-bá-hi) - to graze as animals; a grazing place, a place of resort for game; to gather together or collect pieces of meat to give to the chiefs, the act of a brave; wa-ba-hi (wábahi) - collection; graze [Omaha]; wa-ba-hi (wa-bá-hi) - to graze, grazing; to pick, choose, or select them [FL-Osage]; wa-pa-hi (wapáahi) - pick, choose, or select people or things [CQ-Osage]

 

up, pile up

► a-ki-sto-de i-tʰe-de (ákkistóde itʰéde) - pile up, make a heap ► a-ki-sto-de i-tʰe-a-de (ákkistóde itʰéadé) - I, a-ki-sto-de i-tʰe-da-de (ákkistóde itʰédadé) - you

► cf. sto-de i-tʰe-de (stodé itʰéde) - collect small objects in a group; sto-de (stóde) - collect, heap, pile, gather; i-tʰe-de (itʰéde) - stand something up, singular/standing/inanimate; ki-sto (kistó) - assemble, gather

► Dhegiha: sto-the shu (çto-thé shu) - gathered them together [FL-Osage]; thi-stu-the (thi-çtú-the) - gathered in folds [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: ni-ka stu-wa-the (níkastuwathe) - The Gatherer, personal name [JOD-Omaha]; ni-ʰka stu-e (ní-ḳa-çtu-e) - gathering of men, personal name [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: ʰki-sto (ḳi-çtó), ʰki-stu (ḳi-çtú) - a council, an assemblage, a meeting, United States Congress, the Senate, a court, a season [FL-Osage]; ʰki-sto (ʰkiistó) - council meeting, tribal council season meeting, conference [CQ-Osage]; ki-sto (kisto) - council [Kaw]; gi-sto (gistó) - assemble, as people do, gather [Kaw]; ki-sto (kisto) - council [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: i-tʰe-the (itʰéthe) - to put or place, make stand: usually applied to objects standing on end, as barrels; to put many small things in one pile or heap [Omaha/Ponca]; i-tse-the (i-tsé-the) - to place with someone for safe keeping; to place away [FL-Osage]; i-che-ye (ichéye) - put down a standing/inanimate object or pile of objects [Kaw]

 

► a-ki-ze-ze i-tʰe-de (ákkizéze itʰéde) - pile up many flat objects one on another, such as books ► a-ki-ze-ze i-tʰe-a-de (ákkizéze itʰéadé) - I, a-ki-ze-ze i-tʰe-da-de (ákkizéze itʰédadé) - you

► cf. i-tʰe-de (itʰéde) - stand something up, singular/standing/inanimate

► Dhegiha: e-ga-ze-ze (égazéze) - abreast; in a line; in rows [Omaha/Ponca]; a-ta-ze-ze (átazéze) - fill out, fill up, raise level [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: i-tʰe-the (itʰéthe) - to put or place, make stand: usually applied to objects standing on end, as barrels; to put many small things in one pile or heap [Omaha/Ponca]; i-tse-the (i-tsé-the) - to place with someone for safe keeping; to place away [FL-Osage]; i-che-ye (ichéye) - put down a standing/inanimate object or pile of objects [Kaw]

 

up, piling up the pieces in that manner

► koi-shoⁿ-zhi (koišǫ́ži) - piling up the pieces in that manner [JOD]

► cf. koi-shoⁿ (kóišǫ́) - so or of that sort; so or in that case [JOD]; a-zhi (áži) - put onto; o-zhi (oží) - put into

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ e-ti ta-zho ta-bi-ze ka-xe koi-shoⁿ-zhi i-ti-kde-kaⁿ ni-kʰa (kóišǫ́ttą ettí ttažó tábize káγe koišǫ́ži ítikdéką nikʰá) - then/there/venison/dried by heat/made/piling up the pieces in that manner/like a hose/they were (pl. classifier) [JOD]

 

up, prop up

► i-ba-siⁿ-kde (íbasį́kde) - prop up, brace ► i-pa-siⁿ-a-kde (íppasįákde) - I, i-shpa-siⁿ-da-kde (íšpasįdákde) - you, oⁿ-noⁿ-ba-siⁿ-kde (ǫnǫ́basįkde) - we

 

up, pull up

► a-shi ki-knaⁿ (áši kikną́) - pull up out of; pull something out of water, mud, a hole, etc. ► a-shi a-knaⁿ (áši ákną) - I, a-shi da-knaⁿ (áši dákną) - you, a-shi oⁿ-knaⁿ-we (áši ǫ́knąwe) - we

► cf. a-shi (áši) - over, on top of, on, over; knaⁿ (kną), kdaⁿ (kdą) - set or put

► Dhegiha: gi-laⁿ (gílaⁿ) - replace a sitting inanimate object [Kaw]

 

► bda-bda i-tʰe-de (bdabdá itʰéde) - pull up on the long end, as a plank ► bda-bda i-tʰe-a-de (bdabdá itʰéadé) - I, bda-bda i-tʰe-da-de (bdabdá itʰédadé) - you

► cf. bda-bda (bdábda) - raised; i-tʰe-de (itʰéde) - stand something up, singular/standing/inanimate

► Dhegiha: i-tʰe-the (itʰéthe) - to put or place, make stand: usually applied to objects standing on end, as barrels; to put many small things in one pile or heap [Omaha/Ponca]; i-tse-the (i-tsé-the) - to place with someone for safe keeping; to place away [FL-Osage]; i-che-ye (ichéye) - put down a standing/inanimate object or pile of objects [Kaw]

 

► di-ha-ta de-de (dihátta déde) - lift, pull up suddenly ► bdi-ha-ta de-a-de (bdíhátta déade) - I, ti-ha-ta de-da-de (ttíhátta dédade) - you

► cf. di (di) - by hand, pulling, cause or make to; di-ha-ta (díhattá) - lift something; de-de (déde) - sent away, causative of go; to throw it off; he sent it off or thither; he threw it away or off; ba-ha-ta (bahattá) - pick up with pointed object; ba-ha-ta de-de (bahátta déde) - brush aside; bi-ha-ta de-de (bihátta déde) - lever, weight, press on end; ka-ha-ta de-de (kahátta déde) - knock aside, turn aside; naⁿ-ha-ta de-de (nąhátta déde) - lift with the foot; po-ha-ta de-de (póhatta déde) - poke something in order to lift it; de-de (déde) - sent away, causative of go

► Dhegiha: the-the (théthe) - to cause to go; to send off an object; used as an auxiliary verb [Omaha/Ponca]; the-the (thethé) - to go this way (in his own footprints, made previously) [Omaha/Ponca]; the-the (the the) - start; send [Omaha]; the-the (¢é¢ĕ) - send suddenly [JOD-Omaha]; the-the (thé-the) - to send; to transmit [FL-Osage]; the-the (ðéeðe) - make go, cause to go; send; mail [CQ-Osage]; ye-ye (yéye) - auxiliary verb indicating sudden movement or forceful action; far off, in the distance [Kaw]

 

► di-maⁿ-shi (dimą́ši) - pull up high ► bdi-maⁿ-shi (bdímąši) - I, ti-maⁿ-shi (ttímąši) - you

► cf. di (di) - by hand, pulling, cause or make to; maⁿ-shi (mąší) - upper, upward, heaven, high, above

► ex: di-maⁿ-shi hne (dimą́ši hné) - raise it up! [MS]

► Dhegiha: thi-moⁿ-shi (thimóⁿshi) - to pull up high [Omaha/Ponca]; thi-moⁿ-shi (thi moⁿshi) - elevate [Omaha]; thu-maⁿ-shi (ðuumą́ši) - pull up, hold up, raise, lift [CQ-Osage]; yu-maⁿ-shi (yumáⁿshi) - to elevate, put up high; to lift something [Kaw]

 

► di-i-ka-tʰoⁿ (diíkatʰǫ) - lift someone up ► bdi-i-ka-tʰoⁿ (bdíikatʰǫ) - I, ti-i-ka-tʰoⁿ (ttíikatʰǫ) - you

► cf. di (di) - by hand, pulling, cause or make to; i-ka-toⁿ (íkattǫ) - grunt, groan, moan

► Dhegiha: thi-i-ga-tʰoⁿ (thiígatʰoⁿ) - to make a sick person grunt or groan by lifting him or her [Omaha/Ponca]

► Dhegiha: i-ga-tʰoⁿ (ígatʰoⁿ) - to grunt, snivel; to labor, as a woman in travail [Omaha/Ponca]; i-ga-toⁿ (igatoⁿ) - moan, groan [Omaha]; i-ga-ʰtoⁿ (í-ga-ṭoⁿ) - to groan, to moan [FL-Osage]

 

► di-ta-t’e (dittátʔe) - uproot a plant, pull up ► bdi-ta-t’e (bdíttatʔe) - I, ti-ta-t’e (ttíttatʔe) - you

► cf. di (di) - by hand, pulling, cause or make to; ta (tá) - by extreme temperature, heat or cold; t’e (tʔe) - die; ta-t’e (tátʔe) - withered from heat or cold; ba-ta-t’e (battátʔe) - kill, cause to wither; bi-ta-t’e (bittátʔe) - press to death; da-tʰa-t’e (datʰátʔe) - gnaw to death; ka-ta-t’e (kattátʔe) - kill, cut off, cause to wither; naⁿ-ta-t’e (nąttátʔe) - trample to death; pa-ta-t’e (páttatʔe) - wither, cause by cutting; po-ta-t’e (póttatʔe) - kill vegetation by punching; ta-ta-t’e (táttatʔe) - wither from exposure to heat

► Dhegiha: thi-na-t’e-ga (thinát’ega) - to make grass, etc., wither by pulling or holding [Omaha/Ponca]; thi-da-ts’e-ga (thi-dá-ts’e-ga) - to cause green plants to wither by rough handling [FL-Osage]; yu-da-ts’e-ga (yudáts’ega) - wilt from being pulled up, as plants, wood [Kaw]

 

► i-di-ze (ídize) - pull up, uproot

► cf. di-ze (dizé) - get, take, receive; wa-di-ze di-ze (wadíze dizé) - to get goods on credit; zhoⁿ di-ze (žǫ́ díze) - to get wood; kdi-ze (kdíze) - take one’s own; i-di-za-za (ídizáza) - hold, grasp something for holding; i-kdi-za-za (íkdizáza) - stick to one here and there

► Dhegiha: thi-ze (thizé) - to take, accept, receive; to take up an object [Omaha/Ponca]; thi-ze (¢izé) - take, took, receive, seize [JOD-Omaha]; thi-ze (thize) - take; receive; draw out; take out; anybody accepts [Omaha]; thu-ze (thu-çé) - to take, to receive or accept [FL-Osage]; thu-ze (ðuuzé) - select, choose, take, get, draw water, gather or pick fruit [CQ-Osage]; yu-ze (yuzé) - get, take, accept [Kaw]

 

up, roll up

► a-ki-pa-xta-na (ákkippáxtana) - roll up, turn over ► a-a-ki-pa-xta-na (áakkippáxtana) - I, a-da-ki-pa-xta-na (ádakkippáxtana) - you, oⁿ-ka-ki-pa-xta-na-we (ǫ́kakkippáxtanawe) - we

► cf. a-ki-pa (ákkippa) - meet a person or animal; o-ki-ba-taⁿ (okkíbattą) - together; o-ki-ba-taⁿ-taⁿ (okkíbattą́ttą) - one after another, several in a row or series [JOD]

► ex: a a-ki-pa-xta-na (á ákkippaxtana) - to roll up a sleeve; turn up the sleeve of a shirt or coat

► ex: niⁿ-te o-di-shiⁿ a-ki-pa-xta-na (nį́tte ódišį ákkippaxtana) - to turn (roll up) the legs of pants

► Dhegiha: a-ki-pa (akipa) - meet [Omaha]; a-ʰki-ʰpa (á-ḳi-p̣a) - to meet another [FL-Osage]; a-ʰki-ʰpa (áʰkiʰpa) - encounter, meet [CQ-Osage]; a-ki-pa (ákipa) - meet [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ʰki-ba-xtha (ḳí-ba-xtha) - meet face to face [FL-Osage]; u-ʰki-ba-xtha (u-ḳí-ba-xtha) - to meet face to face [FL-Osage]; o-ki-ki-ba-xla (okíkibaxla) - meet face to face, coming from opposite directions: said of more than one pair [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: u-ki-pa-toⁿ (ukipatoⁿ) - roll [Omaha]; u-ki-pa-taⁿ (ukípatáⁿ) - rolled himself over [JOD-Omaha]; u-ʰki-ʰpa-ʰtoⁿ-tha (u-ḳi-pa-ṭoⁿ-tha) - to roll over and over [FL-Osage]

 

up, root up the soil

► ba-ta-xe (battáxe) - dry up, root up the soil ► pa-ta-xe (ppáttaxe) - I, shpa-ta-xe (špáttaxe) - you

► cf. ta-xe (táxe) - dried up, dead from heat/cold, used with almost all instrumental prefixes; bi-ta-xe (bittáxe) - dry up, press dry; da-ta-xe (dattáxe) - dry up from being gnawed; di-ta-xe (dittáxe) - dry out by pulling up, uproot; ka-ta-xe (kattáxe) - crack and die from being cut, as corn; pa-ta-xe (páttaxe) - cut and dry up, e.g. cornstalk; po-ta-xe (póttaxe) - cause to dry up from punching; ta-ta-xe (táttaxe) - dry up and die, as vegetation from the sun

 

up, screw up the face

► iⁿ-te da-shi-ke (įtté dašíke) - screw up the face, make a face ► iⁿ-te bda-shi-ke (įtté bdášike) - I, iⁿ-te ta-shi-ke (įtté ttášike) - you

► cf. iⁿ-te (įtté) - face; da (da) - by mouth; shi-ke (šíke) - bad, ugly

► Dhegiha: iⁿ-tse thu-ʰpi-zhi (įcé ðuuʰpíiži) - make faces, grimace, lit., “make a bad face” [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: iⁿ-de (íⁿde) - face [Omaha/Ponca]; iⁿ-de (iⁿde) - face [Omaha]; iⁿ-dse (iⁿ-dsé) - face [FL-Osage]; iⁿ-tse (įcé) - face [CQ-Osage]; i-je (ijé) - face [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: pi-a-zhi (píazhi) - bad, wrong, “not good” [Omaha/Ponca]; pi-zhi (pí-zhi) - bad, evil [FL-Osage]; ʰpi-zhi (ʰpíiži) - bad, awful, evil, wicked [CQ-Osage]; pi-zhi (pízhi) - be bad, no good [Kaw]; shi-ge (shíge) - bad, evil, injury [Kaw]

 

up, set up

► a-kʰaⁿ i-tʰe-de (ákʰą itʰéde) - set up a movable object so that it leans against something ► a-kʰaⁿ i-tʰe-da-de (ákʰą itʰédade) - you

► cf. a-kʰaⁿ (ákʰą) - leaning against, lean on; i-tʰe-de (itʰéde) - stand something up, sg/st/in; a-di-kʰaⁿ i-tʰe-de (ádikʰą itʰéde) - pull over a sg/st/in object; make an upright object lean by pulling it; a-kʰaⁿ i-he-de (ákʰą ihéde) - turn and tip up as a board; a-kʰaⁿ hi-zhoⁿ (ákʰą hížǫ) - lean on someone and cause him/her to fall

► Dhegiha: a-kʰaⁿ i-tʰe-the (akaⁿ ité¢e) - to place, a stick, etc., against any object [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: a-kʰaⁿ (á-kaⁿ) - leaing against [JOD-Omaha]; a-ʰkoⁿ (á-ḳoⁿ) - to lean on a post, tree, or rock [FL-Osage]; a-kxaⁿ (áakxą) - lean up against; lie against; lie down, as to sleep or rest [CQ-Osage]; a-khaⁿ (ákhaⁿ) - lean on something [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: i-tʰe-the (itʰéthe) - to put or place, make stand: usually applied to objects standing on end, as barrels; to put many small things in one pile or heap [Omaha/Ponca]; i-tse-the (i-tsé-the) - to place with someone for safe keeping; to place away [FL-Osage]; i-che-ye (ichéye) - put down a standing/inanimate object or pile of objects [Kaw]

 

► o-ki-kde-kde (ókikdékde) - set up in a row [JOD]

► cf. a-ki-kde-kde (ákkikdekde) - one after another in quick succession, e.g. shots, events; a-ki-kde-kde (ákkikdekde) - indirectly, not even second hand; a-ki-kde-kde ki-te (ákkikdekde kkítte) - to shoot at in quick succession; fire a volley; ti-kde-kde (ttíkdekde kʰe) - line of standing lodges

► ex: pe-zhe-xta zhaⁿ-a-be-tʰaⁿ o-zhi o-ki-kde-kde (ppežéxta žą́abetʰą́ oží ókikdékde) - flour/barrel/filled/set up in a row [JOD]

► Dhegiha: gthe-boⁿ kʰi-gthe (gthéboⁿ kʰígthe) - ten times in succession, ten times in a row [Omaha/Ponca]; shoⁿ-koⁿ kʰi-gthe (shóⁿkoⁿ kʰígthe) - nine times in a row [Omaha/Ponca]; e-shoⁿ ki-gthe (eshoⁿ kigthe) - close together [Omaha]; u-ʰki-gthe (u-ḳí-gthe) - to splice two ropes together [FL-Osage]; a-ʰki-ʰki-gthe (á-ḳi-ḳi-gthe) - to join two boards or poles [FL-Osage]

 

► ti-kde (ttikdé) - to set up housekeeping; to live together in same tent; village, collection of lodges

► ex: i-shta-xe sh’a-ke e-ka-xnaⁿ niⁿ-kʰe e-naⁿ-pa ti-kda-wi (ištáxe šʔáke ekáxną nįkʰé enąp͓á ttíkdawí) - the frenchman and his wife, the both of them kept house [JOD)]

► ex: mi-ka ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-naⁿ-pa ti-kde ni-kʰa (mikká maštį́ke enąpa ttíkde nikʰá) - raccoon and rabbit both lived together [JOD]

► ex: ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-kaⁿ naⁿ-pa ti-kde ni-kʰa naⁿ i-ya (maštį́ke eką́ ną́pa ttikdé nikʰa ną iyá) - rabbit and his grandmother, the both of them lived together, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: wa-x’o to-wa ti-kde ni-kʰa naⁿ (waxʔó tówa ttíkde nikʰá ną) - four women were dwelling in a lodge [JOD]

► ex: wa-x’o to-wa ti-kde ha-ki i-da-we, i-he (waxʔó tówa ttíkde hakí idáwe, ihé) - where have the four women that live together gone too, I say [JOD]

► ex: ti-kda-wi (ttíkdawi) - they dwelt in a lodge [JOD]

► ex: ti-kde ta bde (ttikdé tta bdé) - I’m going to my house [OM]

► ex: wa-sa ka-hi-ka niⁿ-kʰe a-ni koi-hi-de niⁿ-kʰe-ti ti-kde niⁿ-kʰe (wasá kahíke nįkʰé áni kóihidé-nįkʰétti ttíkde nįkʰé) - the black bear chief dwells in a lodge beyond yonder distant bluff [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ti-gthe (tígthe) - to live/dwell in a lodge [Omaha/Ponca]; ti-gthe (t͓í-g¢ĕ) - to dwell in a lodge [JOD-Omaha]; ti-gthe (tigthe) - home [Omaha]; ʰtsi-gthe (ṭsí-gthe) - to reside, to dwell, to set up and keep house [FL-Osage]; ʰtsi-le (ʰcíle) - live, reside, make a home, set up a household, set up housekeeping, house, home, family [CQ-Osage]

 

up, shut up something

► a-kda-po-wi (ákdappówi) - shut up something ► a-a-kda-po-wi (áakdappówi) - I, a-da-kda-po-wi (ádakdappówi) - you, oⁿ-ka-kda-po-wi-we (ǫ́kakdappówiwe) - we

► cf. a-da-po-i (ádappói) - shut the mouth

 

up, split up

► ki-da-ha (kkidáha) - separated

► cf. di-ki-da-ha (díkkidáha) - separate, sort

► ex: ki-da-ha (kkidáha) - separating [JOD]

► ex: ki-da-ha ta-bde da-we (kkidáha tábde dáwe) - they went hunting in different directions, (they split up) [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ʰki-tha-ha (ḳí-tha-ha) - separate, apart, moving in opposite directions, separation [FL-Osage]; ki-tha-ha (kíðaha) - be apart, separated, divorced, divided, distant, or estranged from each other; divided or separate the parts of something; separate from, divorce, or become estranged from [CQ-Osage]; ki-ya-ha (kíyaha) - apart, moving in different directions, both sides; apart, moving in different directions [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: a-ki-tha-ha (akíthaha) - apart [Omaha]; a-kʰi-tha-ha (a-kí-¢a-ha) - apart; in different or opposite directions [JOD-Omaha]

 

► ki-ha (kihá) - finish, quit, divorce a-ki-ha (akíha) - I, ki-ha (kihá) - he/she; ki-ha-we (kiháwe), ki-ha-i (kihaí) - they

► ki-ha (kihá) - quit [MS]

► cf. ki-ha oⁿ-pa (kihá ǫ́ppa) - Monday; ki-ha-zhi (kiháži) - fail to finish

► ex: ki-ha-we (kiháwe) - they quit, they quit being married, divorced [MS]

 

up, stand something up

► i-tʰe-de (itʰéde) - stand something up, singular/standing/inanimate ► i-tʰe-a-de (itʰéadé) - I, i-tʰe-da-de (itʰédadé) - you

► ex: ti-ze a-ka-spe zhi-ka i-tʰe-de (ttižé ákaspe žíka itʰéde) - to shut the door a little

► ex: ti-zhe a-ka-spe zhi-ka i-tʰe-da (ttižé ákaspe jíka itʰedá) - shut the door a little!

► ex: a-ba-xda-te i-tʰe-de (ábaxdátte itʰéde) - he stuck it into the hair/he put the standing object [JOD]

► ex: ni-shki-ta a-ba-xda-te i-tʰe-de (niškítta ábaxdátte itʰéde) - he stuck it (the pin) into his hair (upright on the back of his head) [JOD]

► ex: a-di-kʰaⁿ i-tʰe-de (ádikʰą itʰéde) - pull over a singular/standing/inanimate object; make an upright object lean by pulling it

► ex: a-kʰaⁿ i-tʰe-de (ákʰą itʰéde) - set up a movable object so that it leans against something

► ex: a-ki-di-te-te i-tʰe-de (ákkidittette itʰéde) - to place a number of objects so that they cross one another

► ex: a-ki-kda-ska i-tʰe-de (ákkikdáska itʰéde) - put two standing, inanimate objects so their ends touch

► ex: a-ki-ki-kde i-tʰe-de (ákkikkíkde itʰéde) - put two standing, inanimate objects so their ends touch

► ex: a-ki-k’oⁿ-he i-tʰe-de (ákkikʔǫ́he itʰéde) - put horizontal (lying) things in a pile; here the first verb denotes the horizontality of the objects and the second the perpendicularity of the pile

► ex: a-ki-sto-de i-tʰe-de (ákkistóde itʰéde) - pile up, make a heap

► ex: a-ki-ze-ze i-tʰe-de (ákkizéze itʰéde) - pile up many flat objects one on another, such as books

► ex: a-shi-ti i-tʰe-de (ášitti itʰéde) - outside of the lodge/he piled it [JOD]

► ex: k’iⁿ kʰi taⁿ a-shi-ti i-tʰe-de naⁿ, i-ya (kʔį́ kʰíttą ášitti itʰéde ną iyá) - when he reached home carrying (the meat) on his back, he piled it outside (the lodge), it is said [JOD]

► ex: a-toⁿ-wi-tʰe-de (áttǫwitʰéde) - put standing/inanimate object down carefully

► ex: bda-bda i-tʰe-de (bdabdá itʰéde) - pull up on the long end, as a plank

► ex: bda-ska i-tʰe-de (bdáska itʰéde) - pull something upright on short end

► ex: na-xnaⁿ i-tʰe-de (naxną́ itʰéde) - hide singular/standing/inanimate or collection

► ex: sto-de i-tʰe-de (stodé itʰéde) - collect small objects in a group

► Dhegiha: i-tʰe-the (itʰéthe) - to put or place, make stand: usually applied to objects standing on end, as barrels; to put many small things in one pile or heap [Omaha/Ponca]; i-tse-the (i-tsé-the) - to place with someone for safe keeping; to put down something erect [FL-Osage]; i-che-ye (ichéye) - put down a standing/inanimate object or pile of objects [Kaw]

 

up, stand up

► na-zhiⁿ (nažį́) - stand ► a-na-zhiⁿ (anážį) - I, da-na-zhiⁿ (danážį) - you, oⁿ-na-zhiⁿ-we (ǫnážįwe) - we

► na-zhiⁿ (nažį́) - standing [OM]

► cf. a-na-zhiⁿ (ánažį) - stand upon; floor; o-na-zhiⁿ (ónažį) - stand in a place; sto-de hi naⁿ-zhiⁿ (stodé hi nąžį́) - stand in a group; iⁿ-ka-bde a-na-zhiⁿ (įkábde anážį) - Lovers Leap near Quapaw, OK; a-ki-na-zhiⁿ (ákinážį) - stand on one’s own; ki-na-zhiⁿ (kínažį) - stand with reference to another; ni-a-ki-na-zhiⁿ (niákinážį) - have duty of fetching water, stand to fetch water for one; i-na-zhiⁿ (ínažį) - stand by, support or aid someone

► ex: na-zhiⁿ ni-he (nažį́ nihé) - stand up!

► ex: na-zhiⁿ ka-xe (nažį́ káγe) - stood/made him [JOD]

► ex: wa-haⁿ-niⁿ-ke taⁿ o-pi-zhi kʰe kdi-a-ze naⁿ shoⁿ-ke-a-kniⁿ kde-zhe hi naⁿ-ta-ta-xe ka-xe tʰi na-zhiⁿ ka-xe (wahą́nįké tą óppiži kʰe kdiáze ną šǫ́keáknį kdežé hi nątatáxe káγe tʰí nažį́ káγe) - when the orphan opened her box a spotted horse came (was made to come, appear), standing there making noises with his feet [JOD]

► Dhegiha: na-zhiⁿ (nazhíⁿ) - stand, continue [Omaha/Ponca]; na-zhiⁿ (na-jíⁿ) - to stand; to continue doing any thing [JOD-Omaha]; noⁿ-zhiⁿ (noⁿzhiⁿ) - get up, arise, standing, tise up [Omaha]; noⁿ-zhiⁿ (noⁿ-zhiⁿ) - to rise or stand; stood [FL-Osage]; naⁿ-zhiⁿ (nąąžį́) - stand, be standing; stand up, get up; terminate ongoing activity preparatory to departing; stop, cause to stop, halt, detain someone who is passing by [CQ-Osage]; na-zhiⁿ (nazhíⁿ), naⁿ-zhiⁿ (naⁿzhíⁿ) - stand, stand up [Kaw]

 

► na-zhiⁿ ni-he (nažį́ nihé) - stand up!

► cf. na-zhiⁿ (nažį́) - stand; ni-he (nihé) - imperative plural

► Dhegiha: na-zhiⁿ (nazhíⁿ) - stand, continue [Omaha/Ponca]; na-zhiⁿ (na-jíⁿ) - to stand; to continue doing any thing [JOD-Omaha]; noⁿ-zhiⁿ (noⁿzhiⁿ) - get up, arise, standing, rise up [Omaha]; noⁿ-zhiⁿ (noⁿ-zhiⁿ) - to rise or stand; stood [FL-Osage]; naⁿ-zhiⁿ (nąąžį́) - stand, be standing; stand up, get up; terminate ongoing activity preparatory to departing; stop, cause to stop, halt, detain someone who is passing by [CQ-Osage]; na-zhiⁿ (nazhíⁿ), naⁿ-zhiⁿ (naⁿzhíⁿ) - stand, stand up [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: thiⁿ-he (thiⁿhé) - imperative sign, expressing a strong command: be sure to do it! [Omaha/Ponca]; thiⁿ-he (thiⁿhé) - strong suggestion or imperative, sign of strong prohibition, strong warning, express a strong urging [Omaha]; thiⁿ-hau (thiⁿ-haú) - be sure, used at the end of a sentence [FL-Osage]; thiⁿ (ðį), thi (ði), niⁿ (nį), ni (ni) - imperative marker, sentence final marker for command to sg. addressee [CQ-Osage]; hniⁿ-he (hníⁿhe) - strong imperative or prohibition marker [Kaw]

 

up, stir up

► o-do-ka-hi (odokáhi) - to stir, to stir up, to paddle

► cf. ta-ni-ka-hi (taníkahi) - sumac, lit. “mix with tobacco”; ka-hi (kahí) - fan someone; i-ka-hi (íkahi) - mixed with, to mix ingredients [JOD]; i-ki-kda-hi (íkkikdáhi) - mixed; di-i-ki-kda-hi (diíkkikdáhi) - mix with the hands

► ex: pa-si o-do-ka-hi (ppasí odokáhi) - spoonbill, paddlefish, “to stir up with the nose”, fish with a hide like that of a catfish, no scales, found in Neosho River

► Dhegiha: u-thu-ga-hi (uthu gahi) - stir [Omaha]; u-thu-ga-hi (u-thú-ga-hi) - to paddle, to stir up what is cooking or boiling [FL-Osage]; o-tho-ka-hi (oðókahi) - stir [CQ-Osage]

 

up, stop up

► a-ki-pa-t’o i-he-de (ákkippatʔo ihéde) - close off, stop up, clog, as in a traffic jam

► cf. a-ki-pa-t’o ka-xe (ákkippatʔo káγe) - close, as sliding doors; i-he-de (ihéde) - put a horizontal object; a-ba-t’o (ábatʔo) - stop, impede progress; wa-ba-t’o (wábatʔo) - stop, obstruct, impede; a-ki-pa (ákkippa) - meet a person or animal; a-ki-pai-naⁿ (ákkippainą́) - collide, run into, to butt

► Dhegiha: a-kʰi-pʰa-t’u (ákʰipʰat’ú) - to collide, said of two objects [Omaha/Ponca]; a-ʰki-pa-ʰts’u (á-ḳi-pa-ṭs’u) - the blocking of a narrow passage by men or animals [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: a-ba-t’u (ábat’u) - to brace or prop an object to keep it from falling [Omaha/Ponca]; a-ba-ʰt’u (á-ba-ṭ’u) - to prevent one from moving by holding one back [FL-Osage]; a-ba-ts’o (ábats’o) - brace something, prop something up; to hesitate or draw back through shame or diffidence; be bashful, hesitant [Kaw]

 

up, sun sure up

► mi-taⁿ-iⁿ (mittą́į) - sun sure up [MS]

► mi-taⁿ-iⁿ (mittą́į) - female name of the Kwapa Sun gens, Visible Moon, mother of ka-hi-ke ste-te (kahíke stétte) [JOD]

► cf. mi (mi) - sun, moon, orb; taⁿ-iⁿ (ttą́į) - visible, in sight

► Dhegiha: miⁿ toⁿ-iⁿ (míⁿ tóⁿiⁿ) - Visible Moon, female name; the first quarter of the moon [Omaha/Ponca]; mi oⁿ-ba a-ka shi ʰtoⁿ-iⁿ bi o (mi oⁿ-ba a-ka shi ṭoⁿ-iⁿ bi o) - the moon has again become visible [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: miⁿ (miⁿ) - sun [Omaha/Ponca]; mi (mi) - sun [Omaha]; mi (mi) - sun [FL-Osage]; mi (míi), miⁿ (mį́į) - sun [CQ-Osage]; miⁿ (míⁿ) - sun [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: toⁿ-iⁿ (tóⁿiⁿ) - visible or plain [Omaha/Ponca]; ʰtoⁿ-iⁿ (ṭóⁿiⁿ), ʰtiⁿ (ṭiⁿ) - visible, readily seen [FL-Osage]; toiⁿ (tǫ́į), toⁿ-pe (tǫ́pe) - see, observe, watch, look, look at, on, or upon [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: ʰtiⁿ (ṭiⁿ), ʰtoⁿ-iⁿ (ṭóⁿiⁿ) - visible, readily seen [FL-Osage]; ʰtiⁿ (ʰtį́į), ʰtsiⁿ (ʰcį́į), ʰtiⁿ-e (ʰtį́e) - appear, show [CQ-Osage]; tiⁿ (tiⁿ) - visible [Kaw]

 

up, the up river Quapaw village

► i-maⁿ-ha (imąha), i-ma-ha (imaha) - a Quapaw village, the ‘up river’ Quapaw village

► i-ma-ha (ímăha) - a band of Omaha, or perhaps more probably Kwâpâ, who lived with the Kä́dohadä́cho, but retained their own distinct language. There are still a few living with the Caddo, but they retain only the name. It will be remembered that when the Caddo lived in eastern Louisiana the Arkansas or Kwâpâ were their nearest neighbors on the north, and these Imaha may have been a part of the Kwâpâ who lived “upstream” (úmañhañ) on the Arkansas. The Caddo call the Omaha tribe by the same name. [J. Mooney-Caddo]

► ma-ha (maha) - The following account of the Gappa Nation was received from Baptiste Imbeau, an aged French Creole, who heard it from Paheka (Dry-Head), grandfather of Heckaton, the present principal Chief. “When we abandoned our former lands, we sat out without knowing whither we were going. Our motive for leaving the country we occupied was the scarcity of game. We were too numerous at that time; we had as many as 1600 warriors. On arriving at the mouth of the Ohio River (nÿ tonka), our chiefs determined on separating the nation, in order to procure the means of subsistence with greater facility. Our former name was Mahas. Those who followed the chief Wajinka-sa (black-bird) retained that appellation and now inhabit the country on the upper waters of the Missouri. Our chief, whose name was Pa-heka, chose to alter our name, and called us Gappa. [G. Izard]

► cf. ki-maⁿ-haⁿ (kímąhą) - against the wind or current; ki-maⁿ-haⁿ o-ka-xde (kkímąhą okáxde) - face upstream, face the wind; i-maⁿ (imą́) - the other; i-maⁿ-ta (imą́tta) - at or on the other side

► Dhegiha: u-ma-ha (u-má-ha), u-maⁿ-haⁿ (umaⁿ-haⁿ) - “those that went upstream,” the Omahas, a tribe of the ¢egiha group of the Siouan Family, see Pañka, Wajaje, K͓aⁿze, and Ugaqpa [JOD-Omaha]; u-moⁿ-hoⁿ (u-móⁿ-hoⁿ) - the Osage name for Omaha [FL-Osage]; o-maⁿ-haⁿ (omą́hą) - Omaha (tribe or tribal member) [CQ-Osage]; o-ma-ha (omáha), oⁿ-moⁿ-hoⁿ (oⁿmóⁿhoⁿ) - Omaha tribe or people, “those who went upstream,” so called because they (as well as the Ponca, Osage, and Kansa) went up stream when they left the Quapaw [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: i-moⁿ (í-moⁿ) - the other one [FL-Osage]; i-maⁿ (ímą) - which, other [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: i-moⁿ-kshe (imoⁿkshe) - the other of the two [FL-Osage]; i-maⁿ-kshe (ímąkše) - other [CQ-Osage]; i-maⁿ-cʰe (ímącʰe) - next (one), other (one) [CQ-Osage]; i-maⁿ-the (ímąðe) - one or the other [CQ-Osage]; i-maⁿ-ʰta-ha (ímąʰtaha), i-ma-ʰta-ha (ímaʰtaha) - the other way [CQ-Osage]

 

up, tie up

► a-ka-shke (ákaške) - tie a knot ► a-a-ka-shke (áakaške) - I, a-da-ka-shke (ádakaške) - you, aⁿ-ko-ka-shke (ąkókašké) - we, I and one other

► cf. iⁿ-kʰe de-di ka-shke (įkʰé dédi kašké) - tie for fastening a robe; di-shke (dišké) - untie, loosen, open; o-kda-shke (okdáške) - to tie/fasten one’s own [JOD]

► ex: i-pi-da-taⁿ e-ti a-ka-shke (íppidáttą étti ákaške) - he tied it on/to his belt [JOD]

► ex: aⁿ-ko-ka-shke (ąkókašké) - we (dual) fastened it [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ maⁿ-te aⁿ-ko-ka-shke kʰe a-shka hi a-kdi (kóišǫ́ttą mątté ąkókašké kʰe áška hí akdí) - then I had come back, very close to where we tied the canoe [JOD]

► ex: a-ki-ka-shka-i (ákikaškái) - he fastened his own to it [JOD]

► ex: i-pi-da-taⁿ-ti a-ki-ka-shka-i taⁿ o-zha tʰe tʰi-de (íppidáttąttí ákikaškái tą óža tʰe tʰidé) - he fastened it (his own) to his belt and began dancing [JOD]

► ex: ma-te aⁿ-ko-kda-shka taⁿ shi-a-pe aⁿ-ka-de (mątté ąkókdašká tą šiápe ąkáde) - we (dual) tied up our canoe and went ashore [JOD]

► Dhegiha: a-ga-shke (á-ga-cke) - to button, to tie a knot [JOD-Omaha]; a-ga-shke (ágashke) - buckle, button, pin [Omaha]; a-ga-shke (á-ga-shke) - to tie a knot, to tie a scalp lock on a pole [FL-Osage]; a-ka-shke (ákaške) - tie to something, tie up (as a horse), tie a knot [CQ-Osage]; a-ga-shke (ágashke) - tie something, tie on, to tie a knot [Kaw]

 

up, tip up

► a-kʰaⁿ i-he-de (ákʰą ihéde) - turn and tip up as a board ► a-kʰaⁿ i-he-da-de (ákʰą ihédade) - you

► cf. a-kʰaⁿ (ákʰą) - to lean on; i-he-de (ihéde) - put a horizontal object; a-kʰaⁿ hi-zhoⁿ (ákʰą hížǫ) - lean on someone and cause him or her to fall; a-kʰaⁿ i-tʰe-de (ákʰą itʰéde) - set up a movable object so that it leans against something; a-di-kʰaⁿ i-tʰe-de (ádikʰą itʰéde) - pull over a sg/st/in object; make an upright object lean by pulling it

► Dhegiha: a-kʰoⁿ (ákʰoⁿ) - leaning against [Omaha/Ponca]; a-ʰkoⁿ (á-ḳoⁿ) - to lean on, to lean on a post, tree, or rock [FL-Osage]; a-kxaⁿ (áakxą) - lie down, as to sleep or rest, lie against, lean up against [CQ-Osage]; akhaⁿ (ákhaⁿ) - lean on something [Kaw]; a-gaⁿ (ágaⁿ) - against [Kaw]; a-gaⁿ zhiⁿ-he (ágaⁿ zhíⁿhe) - to lie against an object [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: i-he-the (ihéthe) - to put or place a recl. an. ob. or lg. in. ob., as a tool, plank, etc. [Omaha/Ponca]; i-he-the (ihé¢ĕ) - laid down [JOD-Omaha]; i-he-the (í-hé-the) - to lay down a long object [FL-Osage]; i-he-the (i-hé-the) - to put a thing down, made to lie in death [FL-Osage]; i-he-ye (ihéye) - put down a singular, lying, inanimate object [Kaw]

 

up, vomit up

► i-kde-we (íkdewe) - vomit up, vomit because of

► cf. kde-we (kdéwe) - to vomit

► ex: ma-shtiⁿ-ke i-kde-we naⁿ (maštį́ke íkdewe ną) - rabbit/vomited him up/past sign [JOD]

► ex: e-shoⁿ di-xa-zhi wa-da-xo-we niⁿ-kʰe ma-shtiⁿ-ke i-kde-we naⁿ, i-ya (ešǫ́ dixáži wadáxowé nįkʰé maštį́ke íkdewe ną, iyá) - then the Hill that draws things (people) into its mouth vomited Rabbit up, it is said [JOD]

► ex: we-kde-wa-zhi naⁿ (wékdewaží ną) - vomited him not up/past sign [JOD]

► ex: e-ti-hi di-xa-zhi wa-da-xo-we niⁿ-kʰe we-kde-wa-zhi naⁿ, i-ya (ettíhi dixáži wadáxowé nįkʰé wékdewaží ną, iyá) - at that time the Hill that draws things (people) into its mouth did not vomit him up, it is said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: i-gthe-be (ígthebe) - to vomit on account of something [Omaha/Ponca]

► Dhegiha: we-gthe-be (wégthebe) - to vomit on account of them; to vomit them up [Omaha/Ponca]

► Dhegiha: gthe-be (gthébe) - to vomit [Omaha/Ponca]; gthe-be (gthébe) - vomit; gag; throw up [Omaha]; gthe-be (gthé-be) - to vomit; retch; spew [FL-Osage]; le-pe (lépe) - vomit [CQ-Osage]; le-be (lébe) - to vomit [Kaw]

 

up, warm or heat up

► ta-shti-te (táštite) - warm, heat up

► cf. ta (tá) - by extreme temperature; shti-te (štítte) - comfortably warm; di-shti-te (dištité) - warm something in the hands; ta-shti-te-ki-de (táštitekkide) - warm oneself by the fire; o-ta-shti-te-ti (otáštitétti) - in the sunshine [JOD]

► Dhegiha: na-shti-de (náshtide) - to give out heat, making the lodge or person more comfortable; to get warm after coming in from the cold [Omaha/Ponca]; ta-shtsu-e (taašcúe), ta-shtsu-tse (táašcúuce) - be warm [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: shti-de (shtíde) - comfortable, warm, cozy [Omaha/Ponca]; shti-de (shtide) - warm by the sun [Omaha]; shti-de (shtí-de) - to be warm, to warm an object by holding it in the hands [FL-Osage]; shtsu-tse (šcúuce) - be warm [CQ-Osage]

 

up, wrap up

► o-be-tʰaⁿ (obétʰą) - wrap something around an object ► o-pe-tʰaⁿ (oppétʰą) - I, o-shpe-tʰaⁿ (ošpétʰą) - you, oⁿ-ko-be-tʰaⁿ-we (ǫkóbetʰąwe) - we

► ex: zhaⁿ a-be-tʰaⁿ (žą́abetʰą́) - barrel, “wood wrapped around”

► ex: wa-sa i-ba-xto-xto we-kdi o-do-bi-tʰaⁿ (wasá íbaxtoxtó wékdi odóbitʰaⁿ) - small pieces of black bear meat roasted on sticks with the fat around it [JOD]

► Dhegiha: u-be-toⁿ (ubetoⁿ) - wrap [Omaha]; u-be-tʰoⁿ (ubétaⁿ) - to wrap around it [JOD-Omaha]; u-be-ʰtoⁿ (u-bé-ṭoⁿ) - to wrap or envelop [FL-Osage]; o-pe-txaⁿ (opétxą), o-pe-tkxaⁿ (opétkxą) - tie in a bundle or wrap up something specific [CQ-Osage]; o-be-khaⁿ (obékhaⁿ) - wrap up, wrap something around an object, to bandage [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: be-tʰoⁿ (bétʰoⁿ) - to fold up or roll up with a blanket, etc. [Omaha/Ponca]; be-toⁿ (betoⁿ) - fold [Omaha]; be-ʰtoⁿ (be-ṭóⁿ) - to fold goods [FL-Osage]; be-khaⁿ (bekháⁿ) - fold something [Kaw]

 

► o-di-be-tʰaⁿ (odibétʰą) - wrap it up [MS]

► cf. o-be-tʰaⁿ (obétʰą) - wrap something around an object

► Dhegiha: thi-be-tʰoⁿ (thibétʰoⁿ) - to fold up, or roll up in a bundle [Omaha/Ponca]; yu-be-khaⁿ (yubékhaⁿ) - fold something up [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: be-tʰoⁿ (bétʰoⁿ) - to fold up or roll up with a blanket, etc. [Omaha/Ponca]; be-toⁿ (betoⁿ) - fold [Omaha]; be-ʰtoⁿ (be-ṭóⁿ) - to fold goods [FL-Osage]; be-khaⁿ (bekháⁿ) - fold something [Kaw]

 

► o-di-shiⁿ (odíšį) - wrap, fold in a bundle ► o-bdi-shiⁿ (obdíšį) - I, o-ti-shiⁿ (ottíšį) - you, oⁿ-ko-di-shiⁿ-we (ǫkódišįwe) - we

► ex: niⁿ-te o-di-shiⁿ (nį́tte ódišį) - pants, trousers

► ex: pa-hi o-di-shiⁿ, pa-ho-di-shiⁿ (pah-hŭ-odischih) - bonnet (bonnet) [GI]

► ex: wa-tʰe di-shiⁿ (watʰé díšį) - apron

► ex: we-do-di-shiⁿ (wédodíšį) - pie

► Dhegiha: u-thi-shiⁿ (uthíshiⁿ) - cover, to cover, as with a garment [Omaha/Ponca]; u-thi-shiⁿ (u-thí-shiⁿ) - to wrap anything up [FL-Osage]; o-thi-shi (oðíši) - wrap, cover for a tipi, sweat house, pillow, etc. [CQ-Osage]; o-yu-shiⁿ (oyúshiⁿ) - bundle something up, cover something by surrounding it [Kaw]

 

up, wrinkle up

► be-soⁿ-soⁿ i-naⁿ-de (besǫ́sǫ iną́de) - wrinkle up, fold ► be-soⁿ-soⁿ i-naⁿ-a-de (besǫ́sǫ iną́adé) - I, be-soⁿ-soⁿ i-naⁿ-da-de (besǫ́sǫ iną́dadé) - you

► cf. be-soⁿ-soⁿ (besǫ́sǫ) - wrinkled, in folds; i-naⁿ-de (iną́de) - put singular/sitting/inanimate or cloth/paper; be-soⁿ (besǫ́) - wrinkle, fold

► Dhegiha: a-kʰi-be-soⁿ-soⁿ (ákʰibesóⁿsoⁿ) - folded many times on itself; wrinkled: said of blankets, robes, clothing, etc. [Omaha/Ponca]; a-kʰi-be-soⁿ (ákʰibésoⁿ) - folded over one on itself; lying on another: said of blankets, etc. [Omaha/Ponca]

► Dhegiha: i-noⁿ-the (inoⁿthe) - put away, put it down [Omaha]; i-noⁿ-the (i-nóⁿ-the) - to put upon the ground [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: i-thaⁿ-the (i¢aⁿ¢ĕ) - to put down [JOD-Omaha]; i-thoⁿ-the (i-thóⁿ-the) - to put something away that is round [FL-Osage]; i-yaⁿ-ye (iyáⁿye) - put, place a sitting/inanimate object anywhere [Kaw]

 

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