English to Quapaw Dictionary

S

 

saber, sword

► ma-ze iⁿ-tʰiⁿ (máze į́tʰį) - sword, lit. “iron striker”

► cf. ma-ze (máze) - metal, iron; i-tʰiⁿ (itʰį́) - hit, strike with something

► Dhegiha: moⁿ-ze we-tʰiⁿ (moⁿçe wetiⁿ) - sword [Omaha]; maⁿ-ze we-tʰiⁿ (máⁿze-wetʰiⁿ) - sword [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha:  moⁿ-ze (móⁿ-çe) - iron, metal [Omaha/Ponca]; moⁿ-ze (moⁿçe) - metal; iron; nail [Omaha]; moⁿ-ze (móⁿ-çe) - iron or any kind of metal [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-ze (mą́ze) - metal of any kind, lead or iron, wire, cable [CQ-Osage]; maⁿ-ze (máⁿze) - iron, metal in general [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: i-tʰiⁿ (í-tʰiⁿ) - to hit an object with something the name of which precedes the verb [JOD-Omaha]; i-tsiⁿ (í-tsiⁿ) - club, hatchet [FL-Osge]; i-tsʰiⁿ (iicʰį́) - hit with, strike with [CQ-Osage]; i-chiⁿ (íchiⁿ) - strike with something [Kaw]

 

Sac and Fox Indian

► sa-ki-a (sá-ki-á) - Kwapa name for the Sac and Fox Indians [JOD]

► sa-ki-a (sakía) - Sauk Indian [ASG]

► sa-ki-we (sakiwe) - plural Sauk Indian [ASG]

► Dhegiha: za-ge (záge) - the Sak, or Sauk tribe [Omaha/Ponca]; za-ge (çáge) - Sauk Tribe [Omaha]; sa-ge-wa (ça-gé-wa) - Sac and Fox, this term is used when speaking of these tribes by the Osage, Sac Indians, Fox Indians [FL-Osage]; sa-ki-wa (sakíwa), sa-ki-wo (sakíwo), sa-ki ho (sakí ho) - Sac and Fox tribe or tribal member, lit., “making it tight” [CQ-Osage]

 

sack, bag, pocket

► o-zhi-ha (óžiha) - sack, bag, pocket, pouch

► o-zhi-ha (óžiha) - sack, bag, pocket [MS]

► cf. o-zhi (oží) - put collection into something, plant, fill; ha (ha) - skin, bark, hide, shell

► ex: wa-zhiⁿ-ka o-zhi-ha (wažį́ka ožíha) - bird’s nest

► ex: te-zhe-ni o-zhi-ha (téženi óžiha) - bladder

► ex: shi o-zhi-ha (šíožíha) - uterus

► ex: ta shi o-zhi-ha (ttašíožíha) - doe’s womb

► ex: ta-ni o-zhi-ha (táni óžiha) - tobacco pouch [JOD]

► ex: wa-ba-tʰe o-zhi-ha (wabátʰé óžiha) - sewing bag [JOD]

► ex: to-wa o-zhi-ha zhi-ka o-wa-ki-zhi (tówa óžiha žíka ówakiží) - he put the four of them (his own) into the little bag [JOD]

► ex: ki-ha naⁿ o-zhi-ha o-k’oⁿ-he (kihá ną óžiha ókʔǫhe) - when he finished, he put it (the long object) in the bag [JOD]

► ex: o-zhi-ha zhi-ka, e-ti o-wa-zhi naⁿ (óžiha žiká, étti ówaži ną) - he put them in there, in the little bag [JOD]

► ex: o-zhi-ha ki-pi ka-xe (óžiha kíppi káγe) - he filled the bag [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ miⁿ di-ze naⁿ ta-i-ta o-naⁿ a-taⁿ di-ba-xe naⁿ o-zhi-ha o-knaⁿ kaⁿ-niⁿ-kʰe (kóišǫ́ttą mį dizé ną ttáitta oną attą dibáxe ną óžiha okną ką́-nįkʰé) - then he grabbed one, held it by the neck and broke it, then put it in a bag [JOD]

► ex: wa-x’o zhi-ka niⁿ-kʰe wa-ba-tʰe o-zhi-ha niⁿ-kʰe kdi-ze naⁿ ma-shtiⁿ-ke o-ki-te de, i-ya (waxʔóžiká nįkʰe wabátʰe óžiha nįkʰe kdíze ną maštį́ke okítte dé, iyá) - the old woman took her sewing bag and went to look for rabbit, it is said (they say) [JOD)]

► ex: ki-ba-hi a-taⁿ wa-ba-tʰe o-zhi-ha niⁿ-kʰe o-ki-zhi maⁿ-niⁿ niⁿ, i-ya (kibáhi-attą́ wabátʰe óžiha nįkʰé okíži mą́nį nį́, iyá) - she walked around picking up the pieces, filling her sewing bag, they say [JOD]

► ex: wa-x’o zhi-ka niⁿ wa-ba-tʰe o-zhi-ha niⁿ-kʰe ki-k’iⁿ kde, i-ya (waxʔóžiká nį wabátʰe óžiha nįkʰe kikʔį́ kdé, iyá) - the old woman carried her sewing bag upon her back and went homeward, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: o-zhi-ha niⁿ-kʰe ba-po a-kdaⁿ niⁿ (óžiha nįkʰé bapó akdą́ nį) - she emptied the bag/placed the cv. ob./the moving one [JOD]

► ex: kʰi taⁿ o-zhi-ha niⁿ-kʰe ba-po a-kdaⁿ niⁿ naⁿ ma-shtiⁿ-ke ki-ti-ta, i-ya (kʰi tą óžiha nįkʰe bapó ákdą nį ną maštį́ke kitittá, iyá) - when she reached there, she emptied the bag, and, lo!, the rabbit came to life again, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► Dhegiha: u-zhi-ha (úzhiha) - bag, sack [Omaha/Ponca]; u-zhi-ha (úzhi ha) - bag, gunny sack, burlap bag [Omaha]; u-zhi-ha (újiha) - bag, pouch, sack [JOD-Omaha]; u-zhu-ha (ú-zhu-ha), o-zho-ha (ó-zho-ha) - a sack or bag [FL-Osage]; o-zhu-ha (óožuhaa) - bag, sack, pouch made of hide or leather, literally, skin into which to put stuff [CQ-Osage]; o-zhu-ha (ozhuha) - pouch [Kaw]

 

sacred bird, eagle

► wa-zhiⁿ-ka xo-we (wažį́ka xówe) - eagle, “holy bird”

► wa-zhiⁿ-ka xo-we (wažį́ka xówe) - eagle [MS]

► cf. wa-zhiⁿ-ka (wažį́ka) - bird; xo-we (xówe) - sacred, holy

► ex: wa-zhiⁿ-ka xo-we sha-ke (wažį́ka xówe šáke) - eagle claw [MS]

 

sacred man

► ni-ka xo-we (níkka xówe) - mysterious man [JOD]

► ni-ka xo-we (níkka xówe) - shaman, Indian doctor, priest

► cf. ni-ka (níkka) - man; xo-we (xówe) - sacred, holy

► Dhegiha: ni-ʰka xo-be (ní-ḳa xo-be) - the holy man [FL-Osage]; ni-ka-shiⁿ-ga xu-be (ní-ka-ciⁿ-ga qu-bé) - a mysterious person, probably answering to the popular “medicine man” of white writers [JOD-Omaha]

 

sacred pipe

► ta-ni-ba wa-xo-we (taníba waxówe) - the sacred pipe

► cf. ta-ni-ba (taníba) - pipe; xo-we (xówe) - sacred, holy

► Dhegiha: ni-ni-ba wa-xu-be (niníba waqúbe) - sacred pipe [JOD-Omaha]; na-nu-oⁿ-ba wa-xo-be (nánuóⁿba waxóbe) - sacred pipe; pipe [Kaw]

 

sacred water

► ni xo-we (ni xówe) - mysterious water, holy or sacred water, the name for two sulpher springs, one on each side of Tar Creek, Indian Terr. [JOD]

► cf. ni (ni) - water, liquid; xo-we (xówe) - sacred, holy

 

sacred wood

► zhoⁿ xo-we (žǫ xówe) - sassafras, S. albidum, lit. “holy wood”

► cf. zhaⁿ (žą), zhoⁿ (žǫ) - wood, tree; xo-we (xówe) - sacred, holy

► Dhegiha: zhoⁿ wa-xu-be (zhóⁿ waqúbe) - sacred pole [Omaha/Ponca]

 

sacred, holy, mysterious

► xo-we (xówe) - sacred, holy

► ex: di-xo-we (dixówe) - consecrate, make holy

► ex: ni-ka xo-we (níkka xówe) - shaman, Indian doctor, priest

► ex: ni -xo-we (ni xówe) - mysterious water, holy/sacred water, the name for two sulpher springs, one on each side of Tar Creek, Indian Terr.

► ex: ta-ni-ba wa-xo-we (taníba waxówe) - the sacred pipe

► ex: wa-zhiⁿ-ka xo-we (wažį́ka xówe) - eagle, “holy bird”

► ex: zhoⁿ xo-we (žǫ xówe) - sassafras, S. albidum, lit. “holy wood”

► Dhegiha: xu-be (xube) - hallowed, holy, wizard [Omaha]; xu-be (xúbe) - holy, supernatural power, sanctity [FL-Osage]; xo-pe (xópe) - sacred, consecrated, holy [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: wa-xu-be (waqúbe) - mysterious, holy, sacred [Omaha/Ponca]; wa-xu-be (waxube) - holy [Omaha]; wa-xo-be (wa-xó-be) - a talisman or something worn about the person to ward off evil, anything consecrated for ceremonial use [FL-Osage]; wa-xo-pe (waxópe) - medicine bundle, sacred object, things consecrated or honored [CQ-Osage]; wa-xo-we (waxówe), wa-xo-be (waxóbe) - sacred, holy, mysterious, any sacred or mysterious object, as a sacred bundle [Kaw]

 

sacred, holy, ancestral or first

► haⁿ-ka (hą́ka) - sacred, holy, ancestral or first

► Dhegiha: hoⁿ-ga (hóⁿga) - leader or first, implies the idea of ancient, or first, people; those who led, moiety or tribal half representing the earth and it’s water [Omaha-Fletcher/LaFlesche]; huⁿ-ga (húⁿga) - ancient one, the one who goes before, leader, peace as symbolized by a little child [Omaha-Fletcher/LaFlesche]; haⁿ-ka (hañ́k͓a) - the name of the gentes on the right side of the Osage tribal circle [JOD-Osage]; hoⁿ-ga (hóⁿga) - the name of the two great tribal divisions of the Osage Tribe, the division representing the earth with its water and dry land. The word signifies sacred or holy, an object that is venerated. It is also the name of a subdivision representing the dry land of the earth. The dark-plummed eagle is spoken of by this term, because of its symbolic use; a child chosen as an emblem of innocence in a peace ceremony is called Hoⁿ-ga. The origin of the word, being obscure, can not be analyzed [FL-Osage]; haⁿ-ka (hą́ka) - sacred, holy, bald eagle, dark-plummed eagle, earth division of the Osage tribe, innocence emblem in peace ceremony, a child [CQ-Osage]

 

sacred, make sacred or holy

► di-xo-we (dixówe) - consecrate, make holy ► bdi-xo-we (bdíxowe) - I, ti-xo-we (ttíxowe) - you

► cf. di (di) - by hand, pulling; cause by using the hands; xo-we (xówe) - sacred, holy

► Dhegiha: thi-xu-be (thiqúbe) - consecrate, to consecrate, to make holy [Omaha/Ponca]

 

sacrifice, make offering or sacrifice

► o-k’i (ókʔi) - make offering or sacrifice ► o-a-k’i (oákʔi) - I, o-da-k’i (odákʔi) - you, oⁿ-ko-k’i-we (ǫkókʔiwe) - we

► cf. o-k’i (okʔí) - lend something; give food to someone; k’i (kʔi) - give something to someone; ki-k’i (kíkʔi) - give back, return; ki-k’i (kikʔí) - give to one’s own (kin)

► Dhegiha: u-’i (ú’i) - to give food to another [Omaha/Ponca]; u-ʰki (ú-ḳí) - to feed [FL-Osage]; o-k’u (ókʔu) - give, provide, furnish, give stuff to someone, feed, giving, giveaway, event of giving or giving away [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: u-’i (u’í) - to lend anything, to lend something [Omaha/Ponca]; u-’i (ui) - loan, lend, treat [Omaha]; u-ʰk’i (u-ḳ’í) - to lend [FL-Osage]; o-k’u (okʔú) - lend, give, provide, furnish, supply [CQ-Osage]

 

sad, grieved

► naⁿ-te shi-ke (ną́tte šíke) - sad, grieved ► naⁿ-te aⁿ-shi-ke (ną́tte ąšíke) - I, naⁿ-te di-shi-ke (ną́tte dišíke) - you

► cf. naⁿ-te (ną́tte), noⁿ-te (nǫ́tte), naⁿ-de (ną́de) - heart; shi-ke (šíke) - bad; naⁿ-te shoⁿ-da-da-zhi (ną́tte šǫ́dadáži) - stout hearted

► Dhegiha: noⁿ-de pi-a-zhi (noⁿde piazhi) - hard hearted [Omaha]

► Dhegiha: noⁿ-de (nóⁿde) - heart [Omaha/Ponca]; noⁿ-de (noⁿde) - heart [Omaha]; noⁿ-dse (nóⁿ-dse), thóⁿ-dse - the heart [FL-Osage]; naⁿ-tse (ną́ące), thaⁿ-tse (ðą́ące) - heart [CQ-Osage]; naⁿ-je (náⁿje) - heart [Kaw]

 

► wa-xpa-ni (waxpáni) - poor, pitiful ► aⁿ-wa-xpa-ni (ąwáxpaní) - I’m, di-wa-xpa-ni (diwáxpaní) - you’re

► ex: wa-haⁿ-niⁿ-ke tʰaⁿ wa-xpa-ni-de (wahą́nįké tʰą waxpánidé) - (they) treated the orpan miserably [JOD]

► ex: ni-ka-shi-ka wa-xpa-ni (níkkašíka waxpání) - poor people [MS]

► ex: wa-xpa-ni (waxpáni) - pity me [OM]

► ex: wa-xpa-ni mi (waxpáni mí) - pity for myself [OM]

► ex: wa-xpa-ni ska (waxpáni ská) - my pity for you, I’m pitying you, pity you [OM]

► Dhegiha: wa-xpa-ni (waqpáni), wa-xpa-thiⁿ (waqpáthiⁿ) - poor, to be poor [Omaha/Ponca]; wa-xpa-thiⁿ (waxpathiⁿ) - poverty, poor [Omaha]; wa-xpa-thiⁿ (wa-xpá-thiⁿ) - to suffer from exhaustion, in need, poverty-stricken, poor in spirit, in great grief, in sorrow, a mourner [FL-Osage]; wa-xpa-thiⁿ (waxpáðį), wa-xpaiⁿ (waxpáį), wa-xpeiⁿ (waxpéį) - poor, poverty stricken, pitiful, humble, long suffering as the victim of pain, poverty, or ill fortune [CQ-Osage]; wa-xpa-yiⁿ (waxpáyiⁿ) - be humble, pitiful, be poor, to feel poorly, feel ill [Kaw]

 

saddle

► naⁿ-ka a-knaⁿ (ną́kkakną́) - saddle

► naⁿ-ka a-knaⁿ (ną́kka akną́) - saddle [MS]

► cf. naⁿ-ka (ną́kka) - back of an animal; a-knaⁿ (ákną), a-kdaⁿ (ákdą) - put a singular, sitting, inanimate (curvilinear) or cloth, paper, plaster, etc. object upon a surface

► Dhegiha: noⁿ-ʰka-gthe (noⁿ-ḳa-gthe), noⁿ-ʰka-gthoⁿ (nóⁿ-ḳa-gthoⁿ) - a saddle [FL-Osage]; naⁿ-ʰka-le (ną́ʰkale) - saddle [CQ-Osage]; naⁿ-ka-ale (náⁿkale) - saddle [Kaw]

 

saddle strap, crupper

► siⁿ-ti-oⁿ-he (sįttiǫ́he) - crupper, saddle strap, a piece of tack used on horses to keep a saddle, harness or other equipment from sliding forward

► cf. siⁿ-te (sį́tte) - tail; oⁿ-he (ǫhé) - lay sg/ly/in inside something, put

► Dhegiha: siⁿ-dse oⁿ-he (çiⁿ-dse oⁿ-he), siⁿ-dse u-oⁿ-he (çíⁿ-dse u-oⁿ-he) - crupper, “tail - lay” [FL-Osage]; siⁿ-je o-he (síⁿje ohé) - crupper of a saddle/harness [Kaw]

 

saddle, side saddle

► naⁿ-ka a-knaⁿ shta-ha (ną́kkakną štahá) - side saddle, “saddle/smooth” [JOD]

► cf. naⁿ-ka a-knaⁿ (ną́kka akną́) - saddle; shta-ha (štáha) - smooth, rounded

► Dhegiha: noⁿ-kʰa (nóⁿkʰa) - back [Omaha/Ponca]; noⁿ-ka (nóⁿka) - back [Omaha]; noⁿ-ʰka (nóⁿ-ḳa) - the back, the part of the body from the shoulders to the hips [FL-Osage]; naⁿ-ʰka (ną́ʰka) - back of a human or animal's body [CQ-Osage]; naⁿ-ka (náⁿka) - the back, may refer to that of a person or animal [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: a-gthoⁿ (ágthoⁿ) - to place a curved object, book, paper, piece of calico, etc., on something else, as a foundation; to apply externally, as a plaster or poultice [Omaha/Ponca]; a-gthoⁿ (ágthoⁿ) - to place one thing upon another [FL-Osage]; a-laⁿ (álą) - place vertically against, place on, put on [CQ-Osage]; a-laⁿ (álaⁿ) - put curved or rounded/sitting, or cloth, or paper on [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: zhna-ha (zhnahá) - smooth, slippery [Omaha/Ponca]; shna-ha (shnáha) - slippery, smooth [Omaha]; shna-ha (c͓na-há) - smooth, slippery [JOD-Omaha]; shta-ha (shtá-ha), shda-ha (shdá-ha) - slick, smooth [FL-Osage]; shta-ha (štáha) - shiny and smooth, slick, bald, hairless, cleared [CQ-Osage]; shta-ha (shtáha) - smooth, slippery, slick [Kaw]

 

saddled with a blanket

► a-bi-shtaⁿ-ka (ábištąka) - sit softly on, as when a horse is saddled with a blanket ► a-pi-shtaⁿ-ka (áppištąka) - I, a-shpi-shtaⁿ-ka (ášpištąka) - you

► cf. a (a) - on, upon; bi (bi) - by pressing, rubbing; shtoⁿ-ka (štǫká), shtaⁿ-ka (štąka) - soft

► Dhegiha: a-bi-shtaⁿ-ga (á-bi-ctañ-ga) - to sit, press, or bear softly on any thing; to press on an object in order to soften it [JOD-Omaha]

 

safely, well

► pi (ppi) - safely, well

► ex: pi-naⁿ (ppíną) - do well at something precociously

► ex: pi-’oⁿ (ppiʔǫ́) - do well, expresses precocity

► ex: pi-aⁿ (ppią́) - knew how, know how [JOD]

► Dhegiha: pi (pi) - good, not used as a separate word; well, anew [JOD-Omaha]

 

said, do as someone has said or done

► e-ki-oⁿ (ékiǫ), e-ki-’oⁿ (ékiʔǫ) - do as someone has said or done ► e-ki-moⁿ (ékimǫ) - I, e-ki-zhoⁿ (ékižǫ) - you

► cf. ’oⁿ (ʔǫ), ’aⁿ (ʔą) - use, do, be

► ex: e-ki-oⁿ (ékiǫ́) - do that [JOD]

► ex: “aⁿ-naⁿ-de ta-i, e-koⁿ te e-ki-oⁿ!” sni-wa-te i-yi i-ya (“ąną́de ttaí, ékǫ tte ékiǫ́!” sniwátte iyí iyá) - “we shall see, do so!” it is said that Winter said [JOD]

► ex: kda-he-he e-ki-oⁿ-ki-de (kdahéhe ékiǫ-kkidé) - he caused him to do so at short intervals [JOD]

► ex: shi-naⁿ e-ti-hi kda-he-he e-ki-oⁿ-ki-de tʰaⁿ naⁿ, i-ya (šíną ettíhi kdahéhe ékiǫ-kkidé tʰą ną, iyá) - at that time, he (Rabbit) made him (Rabbit’s son) do it repeatedly, it is said [JOD]

► ex: aⁿ-ki-oⁿ (ą́kiǫ́) - he treated mine [JOD]

► ex: “ko-i-she aⁿ-ki-oⁿ a-zhaⁿ-miⁿ, e-ta-ni wi-ta,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-zhiⁿ-ke niⁿ-kʰe (“kóiše ą́kiǫ́ ážąmį́, ettáni wítta,” iyí iyá maštį́ke ežį́ke nįkʰe) - I think that he has been treating my kinsman so,” it is said the Rabbit’s son said

► Dhegiha: e-gi-oⁿ (é-gí-oⁿ) - to do so [FL-Osage]; e-ki-oⁿ (ékiǫ) - do something, proceed or go ahead with something, can, be able to [CQ-Osage]; e-gi-’oⁿ (égi’oⁿ), ’e-gi-’oⁿ (’égi’oⁿ) - do so, do that to another, do something [Kaw]

 

said, he or she said to me

► aⁿ-naⁿ-ki-ye (ąną́kiye) - he or she said to me

► ex: aⁿ-naⁿ-ki-ye (ąną́kiye) - he or she said to me

► ex: “iⁿ-tʰiⁿ ka-ki de-da,” aⁿ-naⁿ-ki-ye (“į́tʰį káki dedá,” ąną́kiye) - “throw the club yonder!” she said to me [JOD]

► ex: “e-ti shi-naⁿ iⁿ-tʰiⁿ ka-ki de-da,” aⁿ-naⁿ-ki-ye (“étti šiną́ į́tʰį káki dedá,” ąną́kiye) - “throw the club/stick there again!” she said to me [JOD]

► ex: shoⁿ-hi-te aⁿ-t’e ta miⁿ-kʰe, aⁿ-t’e taⁿ zho za-ni ta-x’aⁿ-ki-da ni-he, aⁿ-naⁿki-ye (šǫ́hite ątʔé tta mįkʰé, ątʔé tą žó zaní táxʔąkidá-nihé, ąną́kiye) - well/at any rate I am going to die, when I'm dead barbecue all my flesh for me, he said to me [JOD]

► ex: “e-ti ka-ki mi o-ti-naⁿ-be-ta-de-de iⁿ-tʰiⁿ de-da!” aⁿnaⁿ-ki-ye (“étti káki mi óttiną́bettadéde į́tʰį dedá!” ąną́kiye) - “there, yonder, towards the sunrise, throw the club/stick!” she said to me [JOD]

 

said, it is said

► i-ya (iyá nikkąsą́) - it is said; they say [JOD]

► i-ya (iyá) - quotative, hearsay evidential

► ex: i-ya (iyá nikkąsą́) - it is said; they say [JOD]

► ex: k’iⁿ kʰi-taⁿ a-shi-ti i-tʰe-de naⁿ, i-ya (kʔį́ kʰíttą ášitti itʰéde ną, iyá) - when he reached home carrying (the meat) on his back, he piled it outside (the lodge), it is said

► ex: ki-ba-hi a-taⁿ wa-ba-tʰe o-zhi-ha niⁿ-kʰe o-ki-zhi maⁿ-niⁿ niⁿ, i-ya (kibáhi-attą́ wabátʰe óžiha nįkʰé okíži mą́nį nį́, iyá) - she walked around picking up the pieces, filling her sewing bag, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: wa-x’o zhi-ka niⁿ wa-ba-tʰe o-zhi-ha niⁿ-kʰe ki-k’iⁿ kde, i-ya (waxʔóžiká nį wabátʰe óžiha nįkʰe kikʔį́ kdé, iyá) - the old woman carried her sewing bag upon her back and went homeward, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: pa-te taⁿ k’iⁿ kde, i-ya (pátte tą kʔį kdé, iyá) - she butchered the carcass, packed it on her back, and carried it home, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: wa-sa-pa za-ni hi t’e-wa-de, i-ya (wasá-ppa zaní hi tʔéwade, iyá) - all of the black bears were killed, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: ni-ka miⁿ-xti wa-x’o miⁿ-xti, naⁿ-pa o-ka-shte, i-ya (níkka mį́-xti waxʔó mį́-xti, ną́pa okášté, iyá) - one male and one female, two remained after the striking down of the others, it is said (they say) [JOD]

 

said, it is said he or she said

► i-yi i-ya (iyí iyá) - quotative embedded, “it is said, he/she said” in myths

► i-yi i-ya-we (iyí iyáwe) - “they said, he/she said”

► ex: i-naⁿ-paⁿ, “te na-ha ti ke ni-xi-te ni-ka-we,” i-yi iya (ínąpą́, “tté nahá tti ke niγítte nikáwe,” iyí iyá) - a second time she said, “do not go to those lodges, they are disobedient,” it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: “wi-te-ke ni-ka-shi-ka zho-hi hi shkoⁿ-wa-da-we,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke niⁿ-kʰe (“wítteke níkkašíka žóhi hi škǫ́wadáwe,” iyí iyá maštį́ke niⁿkʰe) - “my uncle, many people are here and will dislodge us,” said the rabbit, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: “wi-te-ke t’e-di-de ta e-de,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke niⁿ (“wítteke tʔédidé tta edé,” iyí iyá maštį́ke nį) - my uncle, you have surely been killed, said the rabbit, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: “pʰi a-ni-he,” i-yi- i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“pʰi ánihé,” iyí iyá maštį́ke) - “so I have been coming here,” replied the rabbit, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: “iⁿ-kaⁿ-e wa-sa ka-hi-ke t’e-a-de,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke tʰaⁿ (“įkką́-e wasá kahíke tʔeáde,” iyí iyá maštį́ke tʰą) - my grandmother, “I have killed the black bear chief,” said the rabbit, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: “ma-shtiⁿ-ke hoⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ da-xa-ke e,” i-yi i-ya wa-sa niⁿ-kʰe (“maštį́ke hǫnį́ttą daγáke e,” iyí iyá wasá niⁿkʰe) - “rabbit, why are you crying?” said the bear, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ-tʰaⁿ-hi, “i-ka-xa-ta koi-ta kniⁿ,” i-yi i-ya wa-sa niⁿ-kʰe (hǫ́tʰąhi, “íkaxátta kóitta knį́,” iyí iyá wasá nįkʰé) - then the black bear said, “sit over there on the other side of the lodge,” it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: “hau, e-kaⁿ te,” i-yi i-ya-we (“hau, eką́ tte,” iyí iyáwe) - he said, “yes, it will be like that,” they say; he said, “yes, so shall it be,” they say [JOD]

► ex: “aⁿ-da-tʰe te-a,” i-yi i-ya-we (“ądátʰe ttéa,” iyí iyáwe) - she said, “let’s eat it,” they say [JOD]

► ex: “a-ki-kde te-a,” i-yi i-ya-we (“akí kde tteá,” iyí iyáwe) - she said, “I will go again after it (to get it),” they say [JOD]

 

said, to have said

► i-yi-ya (iyíya) - to have said, ié + ye ► i-he-ya (ihéya) - I, i-she-ya (išéya) - you

 

said, to have said something to someone

► i-ke-ye (ikéye) - to have said something to someone ► i-da-a-ki-he-ye (idáakihéye) - I, i-da-da-ki-she-ye (idádakišéye) - you, i-ke-ya-we (íkeyáwe) - they

► cf. i-ke (iké) - say (the preceding) to someone; ye (ye) - past, past suffix

► ex: i-ke-ya-we (íkeyáwe) - they said the preceding to one, one another [JOD]

► ex: e-shoⁿ, “hoⁿ da-tʰaⁿ-she,” i-ke-ya-we, i-ya (ešǫ́, “hǫ dátʰąšé,” íkeyáwe, iyá) - then, the others said to him, “what is the matter with you?” it is said [JOD]

► ex: “ma-shtiⁿ-ke tʰi e-de! ma-shtiⁿ-ke tʰi e-de!” i-ke-ya-we niⁿ, i-ya (“maštį́ke tʰi edé! maštį́ke tʰi edé!” íkeyáwe nį́, iyá) - they said to one another, “Rabbit has come!, Rabbit has come!” it is said [JOD]

► ex: “hau, ma-shtiⁿ-ke o-da-ke tʰi i-ye,” i-ke-ya-we niⁿ, i-ya (“hau, maštį́ke odáke tʰí iyé,” íkeyáwe nį́, iyá) - “ho, rabbit says that he has come to tell us something,” they said to one another, it is said [JOD]

► ex: ma-zhaⁿ shi-ka-zhi shoⁿ-ti to-skide i-ke-ya-we ni e-ti kʰe, mi o-xpe-ta-de-de-do-shi oⁿ-kniⁿ oⁿ-ka-tʰaⁿ naⁿ (mažą́ šikáži šǫ́tti to skíde íkeyáwe ni ettí kʰe, mi óxpettadédedóši ǫknį́ ǫ́katʰą́ ną) - before the late civil war, we dwelt on the west side of what they called, Sweet Potato Creek [JOD]

 

saliva, to spit

► chʰo (čʰo) - saliva; to spit ► a-chʰo (ačʰó) - I, da-chʰo (dačʰó) - you, oⁿ-chʰo-we (ǫčʰówe) - we

► cf. chʰo de-de (čʰo déde) - spit, send saliva off

► Dhegiha: chʰu (chʰu) - spit, expectorate [Omaha/Ponca]; tshu (tcu) - to spit, expectorate [JOD-Omaha]; tu (tu) - expectorate [FL-Osage]

 

► chʰo de-de (čʰo déde) - spit, send saliva off ► a-chʰo de-a-de (ačʰó déade) - I, da-chʰo de-da-de (dačʰó dédade) - you

► cf. chʰo (čʰo) - saliva; de-de (déde) - sent away, causative of go

► Dhegiha: chʰu (chʰu) - spit, expectorate [Omaha/Ponca]; tshu (tcu) - to spit, expectorate [JOD-Omaha]; tu (tu) - expectorate [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: the-the (théthe) - to cause to go; to send off an object; used as an auxiliary verb [Omaha/Ponca]; the-the (thethé) - to go this way (in his own footprints, made previously) [Omaha/Ponca]; the-the (the the) - start; send [Omaha]; the-the (¢é¢ĕ) - send suddenly [JOD-Omaha]; the-the (thé-the) - to send; to transmit [FL-Osage]; the-the (ðéeðe) - make go, cause to go; send; mail [CQ-Osage]; ye-ye (yéye) - auxiliary verb indicating sudden movement or forceful action; far off, in the distance [Kaw]

 

salt

► ni-ski-de (niskíde) - salt, lit. “sweet water”

► ni-ski-de (niskíde) - salt [MS, AG, OM]

► ni-ski-de niskídȁ) - salt [ASG]

► cf. ni (ni) - water, liquid; ski-de (skíde) - sweet, sour

► Dhegiha: ni-ski-the (niçkithe) - salt [Omaha]; ni-skiu-e (ni-çkiú-e), ni-ski-the (ni-çki-the), ni-skiu (ni-skiu) - salt [FL-Osage]; ni-sku-e (níiskue), ni-sku-the (niiskúðe), ni-sku (níisku) - salt [CQ-Osage]; ni-sku-we (nìskúwe), nu-sku-we (nuskúwe) - salt, rock salt

 

salve, apply substance like salve

► i-di-shki (ídiški) - apply substance like salve ► i-bdi-shki (íbdiški) - I, i-ti-shki (íttiški) - you

 

same

► kaⁿ-ze (kką́ze), koⁿ-ze (kkǫ́ze) - equal in

► ex: kaⁿ-ze a-na (kką́ze ána) - quantity, number, equal in

► ex: kaⁿ-ze a-na-ska (kką́ze ánaska) - size, of equal

► ex: kaⁿ-ze a-tʰaⁿ (kką́ze átʰą) - length, of equal

► ex: kaⁿ-ze a-tʰaⁿ-ha (kką́ze átʰąha) - depth, equal or like

► ex: kaⁿ-ze a-tʰaⁿ-ka (kką́ze atʰąkká) - height, of equal

► ex: koⁿ-ze e-koⁿ (kkǫ́ze ékǫ), koⁿ-ze e-kaⁿ (kkǫ́ze eką), koⁿ-ze a-kaⁿ (kkǫ́ze áką) - similar, alike

► ex: e-ta-ki-kaⁿ-za (ettákkikką́za) - opposite, even with, parallel

► Dhegiha: goⁿ-ze-goⁿ (goⁿ-çé-goⁿ) - alike in appearance, similar, uniform [FL-Osage]; koⁿ-ze-koⁿ (kǫzékǫ) - be the same as or like another, like, similar to or identical to [CQ-Osage]; go-ze e-go (góze égo) - alike, resembling something [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: goⁿ-ze ʰki-goⁿ (goⁿ-çé ḳi-goⁿ) - alike, resembling [FL-Osage]; koⁿ-ze-ʰki-ʰkoⁿ (kǫzéʰkiʰkǫ) - similar to or like each other, resembling each other [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: i-goⁿ-za (ígoⁿça) - copy [Omaha]

 

► koⁿ-ze e-koⁿ (kkǫ́ze ékǫ), koⁿ-ze e-kaⁿ (kkǫ́ze eką), koⁿ-ze a-kaⁿ (kkǫ́ze áką) - similar, alike

► cf. kaⁿ-ze (kką́ze), koⁿ-ze (kkǫ́ze) - equal in; e-kaⁿ (eką́), e-koⁿ (ekǫ́), a-kaⁿ (áką) - like, as, so; like, thus, like that, so

► ex: koⁿ-ze e-koⁿ a-zhi (kkǫ́ze ékǫ áži) - copy, write over again

► ex: koⁿ-ze e-kaⁿ-kʰi-de (kkǫ́ze ékąkʰíde) koⁿ-ze a-kaⁿ-kʰi-de (kkǫ́ze ákąkʰíde) - treat the same, get even with

► Dhegiha: goⁿ-ze-goⁿ (goⁿ-çé-goⁿ) - alike in appearance, similar, uniform [FL-Osage]; koⁿ-ze-koⁿ (kǫzékǫ) - be the same as or like another, like, similar to or identical to [CQ-Osage]; go-ze e-go (góze égo) - alike, resembling something [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: goⁿ-ze ʰki-goⁿ (goⁿ-çé ḳi-goⁿ) - alike, resembling [FL-Osage]; koⁿ-ze-ʰki-ʰkoⁿ (kǫzéʰkiʰkǫ) - similar to or like each other, resembling each other [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: i-goⁿ-za (ígoⁿça) - copy [Omaha]

 

same, from that same time on

► e-ki-taⁿ-tʰoⁿ (ekkíttątʰǫ́) - from that same time on

 

same, to live together in same tent

► ti-kde (ttikdé) - to set up housekeeping; to live together in same tent; village, collection of lodges

► ex: i-shta-xe sh’a-ke e-ka-xnaⁿ niⁿ-kʰe e-naⁿ-pa ti-kda-wi (ištáxe šʔáke ekáxną nįkʰé enąp͓á ttíkdawí) - the frenchman and his wife, the both of them kept house [JOD)]

► ex: mi-ka ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-naⁿ-pa ti-kde ni-kʰa (mikká maštį́ke enąpa ttíkde nikʰá) - raccoon and rabbit both lived together [JOD]

► ex: ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-kaⁿ naⁿ-pa ti-kde ni-kʰa naⁿ i-ya (maštį́ke eką́ ną́pa ttikdé nikʰa ną iyá) - rabbit and his grandmother, the both of them lived together, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: wa-x’o to-wa ti-kde ni-kʰa naⁿ (waxʔó tówa ttíkde nikʰá ną) - four women were dwelling in a lodge [JOD]

► ex: wa-x’o to-wa ti-kde ha-ki i-da-we, i-he (waxʔó tówa ttíkde hakí idáwe, ihé) - where have the four women that live together gone too, I say [JOD]

► ex: ti-kda-wi (ttíkdawi) - they dwelt in a lodge [JOD]

► ex: ti-kde ta bde (ttikdé tta bdé) - I’m going to my house [OM]

► ex: ti-kde miⁿ ti kʰi (ttíkde mį́-tti kʰí) - he arrived at one lodge [JOD]

► ex: wa-sa ka-hi-ka niⁿ-kʰe a-ni koi-hi-de niⁿ-kʰe-ti ti-kde niⁿ-kʰe (wasá kahíke nįkʰé áni kóihidé-nįkʰétti ttíkde nįkʰé) - the black bear chief dwells in a lodge beyond yonder distant bluff [JOD]

► ex: e-ti a-shka hi ti-kde e-ti-tʰaⁿ-zhi e-te te (étti ašká hi ttíkde ettítʰąží étte tté) - I wonder, is there not a lodge very near [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ tʰe-ti ti-kde ke o-ka-ki-xe-xti zhe, i-ya (hǫ tʰetti ttikdé ke okákixe-xti že, iyá) - that very night he dunged all around the lodges, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: wa-sa ti-kde ke-ti hi taⁿ (wasá ttikdé ke-tti hi tą) - when he arrived to the black bear lodges [JOD]

► ex: wa-sa ti-kde ke-ti hi naⁿ (wasá ttikdé ke-tti hi ną) - when he arrived to the black bear village [JOD]

► ex: ti-kde-kde (ttíkdekde) - different lodges [JOD]

► ex: ti-kde-kde kʰe a-kde (ttíkdekde kʰe akdé ….) - I go home to the (line of standing) lodges

► Dhegiha: ti-gthe (tígthe) - to live/dwell in a lodge [Omaha/Ponca]; ti-gthe (tigthe) - home [Omaha]; ʰtsi-gthe (ṭsí-gthe) - to reside; to dwell; to set up and keep house [FL-Osage]; ʰtsi-le (ʰcíle) - live, reside; make a home, set up a household, set up housekeeping; house, home, family [CQ-Osage]

 

same, treat the same

► koⁿ-ze e-koⁿ kʰi-de (kkǫ́ze ékǫ ákąkʰíde), koⁿ-ze a-kaⁿ kʰi-de (kkǫ́ze ákąkʰíde) - treat the same, get even with ► koⁿ-ze a-kaⁿ a-kʰi-de (kkǫ́ze áką ákʰide) - I, koⁿ-ze a-kaⁿ da-kʰi-de (kkǫ́ze áką dákʰide) - you

► cf. koⁿ-ze e-koⁿ (kkǫ́ze ékǫ), koⁿ-ze e-kaⁿ (kkǫ́ze eką), koⁿ-ze a-kaⁿ (kkǫ́ze áką) - similar, alike; kʰi-de (kʰide) - cause to

► Dhegiha: goⁿ-ze-goⁿ (goⁿ-çé-goⁿ) - alike in appearance, similar, uniform [FL-Osage]; koⁿ-ze-koⁿ (kǫzékǫ) - be the same as or like another, like, similar to or identical to [CQ-Osage]; go-ze e-go (góze égo) - alike, resembling something [Kaw]

 

sand

► pi-za (ppíza) - sand

► pi-za (ppíza) - desert, dust [MS]

► cf. pi-za ni-ka (ppizá nikká) - a small species of lizard, one of two known types; pi-za ni-ka toⁿ-ka (ppizá nikká ttǫ́ka) - large species of lizard

► ex: pi-za-ti (ppizátti) - on the sand [JOD]

► ex: “i-di-bnaⁿ hi e-koⁿ, shka-te da ni-he, pi-za-ti shka-te da ni-he,” i-ke niⁿ (“ídibną́ hi ekǫ́, škátte dá-nihé, ppizátti škátte dá-nihé,” iké nį) - “you’ve had enough, go play, go play on the sand!” she said to him [JOD]

► ex: ni wa-sh’a-ke pi-za-ti shka-te niⁿ (ní wašʔaké ppizátti škátte nį́) - he was playing on the sand of the large body of water (river?) [JOD]

► Dhegiha: pi-za (pizá) - sand [Omaha/Ponca]; pi-za (píça) - sand [Omaha]; pi-za (p͓i-zá) - sand [JOD-Omaha]; ʰpi-za (pi-çá) - sand; silt [FL-Osage]; ʰpu-za (ʰpuzá) - sand [CQ-Osage]; pu-za (puzá) - sand [Kaw]

 

sand, quicksand

► ma-ni-ka o-ka-kdo (maníkka okákdo) - quicksand

► cf. ma-ni-ka (maníkka) - earth, soil, ground, dirt; o-ka-kdo (okákdo) - mired, become, stuck in mud; o-ka-kdo niⁿ (okákdo nį́) - he sank in the hole [JOD]

► Dhegiha: maⁿ-thiⁿ-ka (maⁿ-¢íñ-ka) - earth, soil [JOD-Omaha]; moⁿ-thiⁿ-ʰka (moⁿ-thíⁿ-ḳa), moⁿ-iⁿ-ʰka (moⁿ-íⁿ-ḳa) - ground, earth, soil, clay, mud [FL-Osage]; moⁿ-thiⁿ-ʰka (mǫðįʰka), maⁿ-iⁿ-ʰka (mą́įʰka) - soil, ground, earth, clay, mud, dirt [CQ-Osage]; maⁿ-yiⁿ-ka (maⁿyíⁿka) - earth, ground, clay, soil [Kaw]

 

sand, smoothe, plane

► ba-shta (baštá) - smoothe, sand, plane ► pa-shta (ppášta) - I, shpa-shta (špášta) - you

► cf. ba (ba) - by pushing; shta (šta) - smooth, bald, bare; di-shta (dištá) - smoothe, plane, sand; o-shta (oštá) - smooth place [JOD]; siⁿ-te shta (sįtté šta) - hog, pig, lit. “smooth tail”; siⁿ-te shta xo-te (sįtté šta xótte) - opossum, lit. “gray smooth tail”; a-bi-shta (ábišta) - plaster a house; ta-xpi shta (ttaxpí šta) - bald head; o-shta (oštá) - smooth place [JOD]; shta-ha (štáha) - smooth, rounded; a-ni shta-ha (áni štáha) - hill with round top; a-ni shta-shta-ha (áni štaštáha) - round topped hills in series

► Dhegiha: ba-shta (ba-shtá) - coneflower; a hair cut [FL-Osage]; ba-shta (bashtá) - scrape hair from a hide [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ba-shta-ha (ba-shtá-ha) - to polish, wood or stone [FL-Osage]; ba-shta-ha (bashtáha) - plane or stretch something smooth; to be swollen till free from wrinkles, till smooth [Kaw]

 

► di-shta (dištá) - smoothe, plane, sand ► bdi-shta (bdíšta) - I, ti-shta (ttíšta) - you

► cf. di (di) - by hand, pulling; shta (šta) - smooth, bald, bare; ba-shta (baštá) - smoothe, sand, plane; o-shta (oštá) - smooth place [JOD]; siⁿ-te shta (sįtté šta) - hog, pig, lit. “smooth tail”; siⁿ-te shta xo-te (sįtté šta xótte) - opossum, lit. “gray smooth tail”; a-bi-shta (ábišta) - plaster a house; ta-xpi shta (ttaxpí šta) - bald head; o-shta (oštá) - smooth place [JOD]; shta-ha (štáha) - smooth, rounded; a-ni shta-ha (áni štáha) - hill with round top; a-ni shta-shta-ha (áni štaštáha) - round topped hills in series

► Dhegiha: thi-shna (thishna) - pluck [Omaha]; thu-shta (thu-shtá) - to pluck, as a fowl [FL-Osage]; thu-shta (ðuuštá) - make bald or bare, jerk someone’s hair out; dunude [CQ-Osage]; thu-shta-ha (ðuuštáha) - iron [CQ-Osage]; yu-shta (yushtá) - pull out, as weeds; pluck out, as whiskers [Kaw]

 

sandburrs, sandspurs

► shaⁿ-iⁿ-tiⁿ (šą́įttį) - sandburrs, sandspurs

 

sap, tree sap

► zhoⁿ ni (žǫní), zhaⁿ ni (žąní) - maple sugar, “tree sap”

► zhoⁿ ni (jonnih) - rum, bourbon (rum) [GI]

► zhoⁿ ni (jōn-nīh) - water of life, brandy (eau de vie) [GI]

► cf. zhaⁿ (žą), zhoⁿ (žǫ) - wood, tree; ni (ni) - water, liquid; zhoⁿ-ni hi (žǫní hi) - maple tree, Acer saccharum

► Dhegiha: zhoⁿ ni (zhoⁿní) - sugar, syrup, honey; “wood water, wood sap” [Omaha/Ponca]; zhoⁿ ni (zhoⁿni) - sap, candy, fudge, sugar [Omaha]; zhaⁿ ni (jaⁿ-ní) - “wood water, wood sap,” sugar; syrup; strained honey [JOD-Omaha]; zhoⁿ ni (zhoⁿní) - sugar, candy, “wood water” [FL-Osage]; zhaⁿ ni (žąąníi) - sugar, lit., “tree water”, originally referring to maple sap or syrup [CQ-Osage]; zhaⁿ ni (zhaⁿní) - sugar, “tree liquid” [Kaw]

 

sap, without sap

► xe-ka (xéka) - dry, without sap

► ex: di-xe-ka (dixéka) - dry out from breaking (limbs)

► ex: pa-hi xe-ka (ppahí xéka) - skull, lit. “dried head”

► ex: xe-ka taⁿ (qek͓á taⁿ), (Krakaton), (Hackatton), (Hackehton) - Dry Man, masculine name, father of wa-ti-zhi (watíji) [JOD]

► Dhegiha: xe-ga (qéga) - dried, dead, as a branch or tree [Omaha/Ponca]; xe-ga (xé-ga) - dead, as tall grass or tree [FL-Osage]; xe-ka (xéka) - dead from drying up, e.g., a vegetable, dried [CQ-Osage]

 

sash, belt

► i-pi-da-taⁿ (ǐ pi da tâⁿ) - sash, belt, from Harrison Quapaw, John Quapaw [MH

► i-pi-da-taⁿ (íppidáttą) - belt

► i-pi-da-taⁿ (íppidáttą) - belt [MS]

► i-pi-da-taⁿ (ipidátaⁿ) - belt [ASG]

► cf. i-pi-da (íppida) - put on a belt

► ex: i-pi-da-taⁿ e-ti a-ka-shke (íppidáttą étti ákaške) - he tied it on/to his belt [JOD]

► ex: i-pi-da-taⁿ-ti a-ki-ka-shka-i taⁿ o-zha tʰe tʰi-de (íppidáttąttí ákikaškái tą óža tʰe tʰidé) - he fastened it (his own) to his belt and began dancing [JOD]

► Dhegiha: i-pʰi-tha-tʰoⁿ (ípʰithatʰóⁿ) - to use a hažiⁿga as a belt over a robe [Omaha/Ponca]

► Dhegiha: i-pʰi-tha (ípʰitha) - to put on a belt or girdle; to gird [Omaha/Ponca]; i-pi-tha (í-p̣i-tha) - belt, sash, girdle [FL-Osage]; i-pi-ya (ípiya) - belt, girdle [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: i-pʰi-tha-ge (ípʰitháge) - a belt or girdle [Omaha/Ponca]; i-pi-tha-ge (ipithage) - belt, sash [Omaha]

► Dhegiha: i-ʰpi-aⁿ (íʰpią) - belt worn by men with dance clothes or outside a blanket to hold it up, any belt [CQ-Osage]

 

sassafras

► zhoⁿ xo-we (žǫ xówe) - sassafras, S. albidum, lit. “holy wood”

► cf. zhaⁿ (žą), zhoⁿ (žǫ) - wood, tree; xo-we (xówe) - sacred, holy

► Dhegiha: zhoⁿ wa-xu-be (zhóⁿ waqúbe) - sacred pole [Omaha/Ponca]

 

sat, to have sat or dwelt

► kniⁿ-ye (knį́ye) - to have sat, to have dwelt ► a-kniⁿ-ye (aknį́ye) - I, da-kniⁿ-ye (daknį́ye) - you

► cf. kniⁿ (knį), kdiⁿ (kdį) - sit, be in a place, camp; be sitting; ye (ye) - past, past suffix

► Dhegiha: gthiⁿ (g¢íⁿ) - sit [JOD-Omaha]; gthiⁿ (gthiⁿ) - to sit [FL-Osage]; liⁿ (lį́į) - sit [CQ-Osage]; liⁿ (liⁿ), gliⁿ (glíⁿ) - sit, stay, remain, dwell, live, reside, continue [Kaw]

 

Satan, evil spirit, devil

► sh’a taⁿ-ka (šʔattą́ka), ch’a taⁿ-ka (čʔattą́ka) - evil spirit, Satan

► sh’a taⁿ-ka (šʔa ttą́ka) - devil [MS]

► ex: sh’a taⁿ-ka o-ma-ni (šʔattą́ka ománi) - Devil’s Promenade, OK

 ► ex: e-shoⁿ miⁿ-xti o-shte tʰaⁿ sh’a-taⁿ-ka do-taⁿ-ti hi (ešǫ́ mį́xti ošté tʰą šʔattą́ka dottą́tti hí) - then the one that remained went straight to the devil [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ʰts’a ʰtoⁿ-ga (ṭs’á-ṭoⁿ-ga) - Satan, “big snake”; the Osage did not know the name of Satan till the missionaries came [FL-Osage]; ts’a ʰtaⁿ (cʔá ʰtą́ą) - devil, Satan; possibly “big snake” or borrowed from English Satan [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: wa-noⁿ-xe pi-a-zhi (wanoⁿxe piazhi) - devil [Omaha]; wa-kaⁿ-da pi-zhi (wakáⁿda pízhi) - devil; the Kansa never heard of Satan or the devil until they learned of him from the white people [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: iⁿ-gthaⁿ-xe (iñ-g¢áⁿ-xe) - demon [JOD-Omaha]; iⁿ-gthoⁿ-xe (iⁿ-gthóⁿ-xe) - ghost [FL-Osage]; i-loⁿ-xe (ilǫ́γe) - devil, Satan, ghost, spirit [CQ-Osage]

 

satisfied, satiated, sufficient, tired of

► i-bnaⁿ (íbną) - tired of it, satiated, to have enough, surfeited, satisfied, sufficient ► aⁿ-naⁿ-bnaⁿ (ąną́bną) - I, i-di-bnaⁿ (ídibną) - you

► ex: aⁿ-naⁿ-bnaⁿ hi miⁿkʰe, i-ye niⁿ-kʰe (ąnąbną́ hi mįkʰé, iyé nįkʰé) - I’ve really had enough (of being lonesome), she was saying [JOD]

► ex: haⁿ-pa de aⁿ-naⁿ-bnaⁿ miⁿ-kʰe e-de (hą́pa dé ąną́bną mįkʰe edé) - today, I am tired of it! [JOD]

► ex: haⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ i-di-bnaⁿ ni-kʰe (hąnį́ttą idíbną nikʰé) - why are you satiated? [JOD]

► ex: i-bnaⁿ niⁿ-kʰe (íbną nįkʰé) - he had enough [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ mi-zhi-ka ke aⁿ-taⁿ-taⁿ-da i-bnaⁿ (kóišǫ́ttą mižiká ké ąttą́ttądá ibną́) - then the girls had enough of what had been done [JOD]

► Dhegiha: i-bthoⁿ (íbthoⁿ) - enough, sufficient; satisfied [Omaha/Ponca]; i-bthaⁿ (í-b¢aⁿ) - to have sufficient of, to be satisfied [JOD-Omaha]; i-braⁿ (íibrą) - have enough of, get enough of, have one’s fill of, be sated with (either a positive or negative thing); be satiated with; be tired of, be negatively affected by too much of something [CQ-Osage]

 

Saturday

► haⁿ-ba wa-te-xi zhi-ka (hą́ba wattéxi žíka) - Saturday, “little Sunday”

► haⁿ-ba wa-te-xi zhi-ka (hą́ba wattéxi žíka) - Saturday [MS]

► cf. haⁿ-ba (hą́ba), hoⁿ-ba (hǫ́ba), hoⁿ-pa (hǫ́pa), haⁿ-pa (hą́pa) - day, daytime; wa-te-xi (wattéxi) - difficult, too much, too high a price; zhi-ka (žíka) - small, little, young; haⁿ-ba wa-te-xi (hą́ba wattéxi) -  Sunday

► Dhegiha: oⁿ-ba hi-thai te (aⁿba hi¢ai tĕ) - Saturday, “bathing day” [JOD-Omaha]; hi-thai (hithái) - Saturday [Omaha]; hi-thai (hithaí) - Saturday, “bathing day” [Omaha/Ponca]; oⁿ-ba wa-thi-zha (óⁿba wathízha) - Saturday, “washing day” [Omaha/Ponca]; hoⁿ-ba u-ga-xe thiⁿ-ge (hóⁿ-ba u-ga-xe thiⁿ-ge) - the day on which nothing is done: Saturday [FL-Osage]; haⁿ-pa o-ka-xe-iⁿ-ke (hą́ąpa ókaaɣéįke) - Saturday, lit., ‘day on which nothing is done’ [CQ-Osage]

 

Sauk Indian

► sa-ki-a (sakía) - Sauk Indian [ASG]

► sa-ki-we (sakiwe) - plural Sauk Indian [ASG]

► sa-ki-a (sá-ki-á) - Kwapa name for the Sac and Fox Indians [JOD]

► Dhegiha: za-ge (záge) - the Sak, or Sauk tribe [Omaha/Ponca]; za-ge (çáge) - Sauk Tribe [Omaha]; sa-ge-wa (ça-gé-wa) - Sac and Fox, this term is used when speaking of these tribes by the Osage, Sac Indians, Fox Indians [FL-Osage]; sa-ki-wa (sakíwa), sa-ki-wo (sakíwo), sa-ki ho (sakí ho) - Sac and Fox tribe or tribal member, lit., “making it tight” [CQ-Osage]

 

save a life, cause to live

► ni-de (níde) - save a life, cause to live ► ni-a-de (níade) - I, ni-da-de (nídade) - you

► cf. ni (ni) - alive, conscious; de (de) - cause to, to cause

► Dhegiha: ni-the (ní-¢ĕ) - to cause to live; to save one from death; to preserve him [JOD-Omaha]; ni-the (ní-the) - to permit to live [FL-Osage]; ni-the (níðe) - allow to live [CQ-Osage]

 

save, do not save it

► wa-di-si (wadisí) - throw it away, lit. “do not save it” [JOD]

► ex: wa-di-si, ka-xtaⁿ, a-shi-ti aniⁿ hi a-taⁿ ka-xtaⁿ (wadisí, kaxtą́, ašítti anį́ hi attą́ kaxtą́) - throw it away, pour it out, take it outside and pour it out! [JOD]

► Dhegiha: wa-yu-si (wayúsi) - give away belongings at death the of a kinsman [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: thi-si (thisí) - to give his property at the death of a relation [Omaha/Ponca]; yu-si (yusí) - distribute wealth; give away everything at the death of one of the household or clan [Kaw]

 

saw off, shorten, cut short

► di-te-shka (dittešká), (dittéška) - shorten, cut short, saw off ► bdi-te-shka (bdítteška) - I, ti-te-shka (ttítteška) - you

► cf. di (di) - by hand, pulling; cause by using the hands; te-shka (ttešká) - short, stubby; bi-te-shka (bittešká) - press down, rub down; da-te-shka (dattešká) - bite off, shorten; ka-te-shka (kattešká) - shorten by chopping of; pa-te-shka (pátteška) - cut short with a knife; po-te-shka (pótteška) - shorten by shooting or punching; ta-te-shka (tátteška) - shorten by burning, burn off; ta-te-shka-de (tátteškade) - shorten by burning, burn off

► Dhegiha: thi-che-shka (thichéshka) - to abridge, shorten, abbreviate; to cut short with scissors [Omaha/Ponca]

 

saw, split by sawing

► o-di-shte (odíšte) - saw, split by sawing ► o-bdi-shte (obdíšte) - I, o-ti-shte (ottíšte) - you

► cf. o-di-shte (odíšte) - half (number or quantity); zhoⁿ di-shte (žǫ díšte), zhaⁿ di-shte (žą díšte) - plank, “split wood”

► Dhegiha: u-thi-sne (u-¢í-s͓ne) - to split, as a board or stick, by pulling [JOD-Omaha]; u-thi-stse-ge (u-thi-stse-ge) - split [FL-Osage]; o-yu-stse-ge (oyúscege) - pull apart, split by pulling [Kaw]

 

sawing, fail in cutting or sawing

► pa-iⁿ-zhi (páįži) - fail in cutting or sawing ► pa-a-iⁿ-zhi (páaį́ži) - I, pa-da-iⁿ-zhi (pádaį́ži) - you

► cf. pa (pá) - by cutting with a knife; zhi (-ži) - negative, not; ba-iⁿ-zhi (baį́ži) - fail or miss pushing at something; bi-iⁿ-zhi (biį́ži) - fail/miss pressing/blowing; da-iⁿ-zhi (daį́ži) - fail using the mouth, voice; di-iⁿ-zhi (díįži) - fail in pulling, rowing, etc.; ka-iⁿ-zhi (kaį́ži) - fail in throwing or striking; naⁿ-iⁿ-zhi (nąį́ži) - fail in walking or with machine; po-iⁿ-zhi (póįži) - to be unsuccessful shooting or punching; ta-iⁿ-zhi (táįži), (ttáįži) - fail in cooking, as when fire is not hot enough

► Dhegiha: ba-iⁿ-zhi (bá-iⁿ-zhi) - failure to cut because of a dull knife [FL-Osage]

 

say

► i-e (ié), i-ye (iyé) - say ► i-he (ihé) - I, i-she (išé) - you, i-e (ié), i-ye (iyé) - he/she, i-ya-we (iyáwe) - they, aⁿ-naⁿ-we (ąną́we) - we

► cf. i-e (íe) - talk [MS, AG, OM]; i-e (i-eh) - speak, talk (parler) [GI]; i-ye (íye) - word; i-ye (iyé) - quotative, non-hearsay eviden.; i-ye (íye) - talk, speak

► Dhegiha: i-ye (iye), i-e (ie) - speak; talk; speaker; word; language [Omaha]; i-e (í-e) - word; speak; spoke; say [JOD-Omaha]; i-e (í-e) - to speak; a language [FL-Osage]; i-e (íe) - talk about, discuss, speak of; talk, say, speak, make a speech or talk; speak a language; word, words; language; teachings, one’s word; speech; prayer [CQ-Osage]; i-e (íe) - speak; speech, language, sentence [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: e (e) - say [FL-Osage]; e (ée) - say [CQ-Osage]; e (e), (ee) - say [Kaw]

 

► i-he (ihé) - I say

► ex: i-he (ihé) - I said it [JOD]

► ex: e-ti te na-ha i-he naⁿ (étti tté nahá ihé ną) - you do not go there, I’ve been saying [JOD]

► ex: she-he (še ihé) - I said that [JOD]

► ex: iⁿ-kaⁿ-e! t’e-a-de kaⁿ she-he (įkką́-e! tʔeádé ką́ še ihé) - O my grandmother! I said that because I killed him [JOD]

► ex: she-he (šéhe) - I say that [JOD]

► ex: she-he a-ni-he (šéhe ánihe) - I have been saying that [JOD]

► ex: haⁿ-aⁿ-zhi i-he aⁿ-maⁿ (hą́ąží ihé ąmą́) - I usually say no [JOD]

► ex: wa-x’o to-wa ti-kde ha-ki i-da-we, i-he (waxʔó tówa ttíkde hakí idáwe, ihé) - where have the four women that live together gone too, I say [JOD]

 

► i-she (išé) - you say

► ex: de ta-taⁿ i-she (de táttą išé) - what do you say this is?; what do you call this? [JOD]

► ex: i-she naⁿ (išé ną) - you said/regularly [JOD]

► ex: haⁿ i-she naⁿ e (hą́ išé ną e) - what do you usually say? [JOD]

► ex: haⁿ i-she (hą išé) - what did you say? [MS]

► ex: hoⁿ she (hǫ́ šé) - what did you say? [OM]

► ex: i-e i-she ni-she (íe išé nišé) - you said it [AG]

► ex: kdaⁿ-ni-ke ki-baⁿ, i-she koⁿ-bda zhi, kdaⁿ-ni-ke ki-baⁿ taⁿ (kdąníke kibą, išé kkǫbdá ži, kdąníke kibą tą) - I don’t want you to say, when I’m drinking around here [MS]

► ex: ko-i-she e (kói išé e) - you say that/? [JOD]

► ex: e-shoⁿ, “i-kaⁿ-e! haⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ ko-i-she e,” i-yi i-ya (ešǫ́, “ikką́-e! hąnį́ttą kói išé e,” iyí iyá) - and then he said, “grandmother, why do you say that?” it is said [JOD]

► ex: ko-i-she-sha-zhi (kóiše-šáži) - you did not say those [JOD]

► ex: “ho-ho-xo! ma-shtiⁿ-ke, i-ye tʰe ko-i-she-sha-zhi naⁿ niⁿ-tʰe (“hóhoxó! maštį́ke, íye tʰe kóiše-šáži ną́ nįtʰé) - “really! rabbit, you have never talked in this manner before now [JOD]

► ex: i-she (išé) - you say it [JOD]

► ex: e-shoⁿ ma-shtiⁿ-ke, “haⁿ! haⁿ! haⁿ! i-she na-ha!” i-yi i-ya (ešǫ́ maštį́ke, “hą́! hą́! hą́! išé nahá!” iyí iyá) - then rabbit said, “beware lest you say, “haⁿ! haⁿ! haⁿ!” it is said [JOD]

► ex: ta-taⁿ i-ta-teʰ i-she naⁿ e-kaⁿ pa-xe te (táttą íttatʰe išé ną eką́ ppáγe tté) - whatever you say you want to eat, I will make it like that [JOD]

 

► i-e (ié), i-ye (iyé) - he or she say

► ex: i-ye niⁿ (iyé nį) - she said/the moving object [JOD]

► ex: e-shoⁿ shi e-koⁿ, t’e-di-da-we,” i-ye niⁿ, i-ya (ešǫ́ ši ekǫ́, tʔédidawĕ,” iyé nį, iyá) - then you went and thus, they killed you,” she was saying, it is said [JOD]

► ex: o-da-ke tʰi i-ye (odáke tʰí iyé) - to tell news/has come/he says [JOD]

► ex: “hau, ma-shtiⁿ-ke o-da-ke tʰi i-ye,” i-ke-ya-we niⁿ, i-ya (“hau, maštį́ke odáke tʰí iyé,” íkeyáwe nį́, iyá) - “ho, rabbit says that he has come to tell us something,” they said to one another, it is said [JOD]

 

► i-ya-we (iyáwe) - they say

► ex: i-ya-we (iyáwe) - they said [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ za-ni t’e-a-wa-dai ni-hoⁿ,” i-ya-we i-ya wa-sa ke (hǫnį́ttą zaní tʔeáwadaí nihǫ́,” iyáwe iyá wasá ke) - how could anyone kill all of us?”, the black bears said, it is said [JOD]

► ex: i-ya-we (iyáwe) - they (plural) said [JOD]

► ex: “hi-we! o-da!” i-ya-we, i-ya (“hiwé! odá!” iyáwe, iyá) - they (the black bears) said, “come! tell it!” it is said [JOD]

 

► i-ye ną-we (iyénaⁿwé) - they say often

► ex: i-ye ną-we (iyénaⁿwé) - they said often [JOD]

“hoo! hoo! hoo!” i-ye ną-we i-ya (“hoo! hoo! hoo!” iyé-naⁿ-wé iyá) - “hoo! hoo! hoo!” it is said they (the owls) said [JOD]

► ex: i-ye ną-we (iyénaⁿwé) - they said (in the past) [JOD]

“wi-e! wi-e! wi-e!” i-ye ną-we, i-ya (“wíe! wíe! wíe!” iyé-naⁿ-wé, iyá) - “me! me! me!” they said, it is said [JOD]

 

► aⁿ-naⁿ-we (ąną́we) - we say

 

say the preceding to someone

► i-ke (iké) - say (the preceding) to someone ► i-da-a-ki-he (idáakihé) - I, i-da-da-ki-she (idádakišé) - you, i-ke-a-we (ikeáwe) - they

► i-ke (iké) - said the preceding [JOD]

► ex: i-da-a-ki-he (idáakihé) - I said it to him [JOD]

► ex: aⁿ-naⁿ-da-ki-she (ąną́dakišé) - you say it to me [JOD]

► ex: aⁿ-naⁿ-da-ki-sha (ąną́dakiša!) - you say it to me! [JOD]

► ex: i-ke niⁿ (iké nį) - he/she was saying it to her/him [JOD]

► ex: e-shoⁿ e-koⁿ i-ke taⁿ (ešǫ́ ekǫ́ iké tą) - so/he addressed him then [JOD]

► ex: e-shoⁿ e-koⁿ i-ke taⁿ (ešǫ́ ekǫ́ iké tą) - and when he (Grizzly bear) had said that to him (Rabbit) [JOD]

► ex: “wa-sa ti-kde ke ta e-ti te na-ha,” i-ke i-ya e-kaⁿ niⁿ-kʰe (“wasá ttikdé ke tta étti tté nahá,” iké iyá eką́ nįkʰe) - “do not go to the village of the black bears!” his grandmother said to him, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: “wa-x’o to-wa ti-kde ha-ki i-da-we,” i-ke (“waxʔó tówa ttíkde hakí idáwe,” iké) - “where have the four women that live together gone too?” he said to her [JOD]

► ex: “ha-ki i-da-we i-ba-haⁿ miⁿ-kʰe,” shi-naⁿ i-ke (“hakí idáwe íbahąží mįkʰé,” šíną iké) - “I don’t know where they went,” she said to him again [JOD]

► ex: “wi-ti-kaⁿ na-xnaⁿ ki-knaⁿ,” i-ke (“wittiką naxną́ kíkną́,” iké) - my grandfather hide me (your relation), she said to him [JOD]

► ex: “na-xnaⁿ da-ki-knaⁿ koⁿ-bda wi-ti-kaⁿ,” i-ke (“naxną́ dakikną kkǫbdá wittiką́,” iké) - my grandfather, I want you to hide me (your relation), she said to him [JOD]

► ex: “o-do-tʰe aⁿ-di-xe niⁿ e-de, wi-ti-kaⁿ,” i-ke (“ódotʰe ądíxe nį edé, wittiką́,” iké) - my grandfather, the man eater is chasing me, she said to him [JOD]

► ex: “wi-ti-kaⁿ, wa-x’o miⁿ de-do i-hi naⁿ i-da-de hoⁿ-zhi ae,” i-ke (“wittiką́, waxʔó mį dédo íhi ną ídade hǫži ae,” iké) - “my grandfather, did you not see a woman that arrived here?” he said to him [JOD]

► ex: aⁿ-naⁿ-ke (ąną́ke) - he said it to me [JOD]

► ex: “haⁿ-e ni-ka di-ta,” i-ke-a-we (“hą́e níkka dítta,” ikeáwe) - what is the matter/what happened with your man/husband, they said to her [JOD]

► Dhegiha: e-ge (egé) - to say something to one, against another; to say it to one, in addressing him; used as a strong assertion, either in affimation or in denial [JOD-Omaha]; e-ge (ége) - to say so, to say that [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: e-ʰki-ge (e-ḳí-ge) - to say to one another [FL-Osage]; e-gi-ge (égige), e-gi-gi-he (égigihe) - say anything to another [Kaw]

 

say the preceding to them

► i-we-ki (iwéki), i-we-ke (iwéke) - to say the preceding to them [JOD]

► ex: i-we-a-ki-he (iwéakihé atʰąhé) - I tell the preceding to them, I am standing here telling this [JOD]

► ex: i-we-ki (iwéki) - he said the preceding to them [JOD]

► ex: “ka-hi-ke taⁿ-ka t’e-di-ki-de ni-kʰa-she shoⁿ-te niⁿ-kʰe she iⁿ,” i-we-ki taⁿ we-kda-sa, i-ya (“kahíke ttą́ka tʔédikidé nikʰáše šǫté nįkʰe šé į,” iwéki tą wékdasá, iyá) - “you’all whose principal chief has been killed, here are the testicles,” he (rabbit) said to them (black bears), when he (rabbit) whipped them with it (their chief’s testicles), it is said (they say)

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ kaⁿ-iⁿ kda-i taⁿ, “hoⁿ-pe i-maⁿ-ta ma-sa-ni ki-di-shto-ta-i ni-he,” i-we-ki niⁿ i-ya ni-kaⁿ-saⁿ (kóišǫ́ttą ką́į kdá-i tą, “hǫpé imą́tta masáni kidíštotá-i nihé,” iwéki nį́ iyá nikkąsą́) - then/just as they started home/when/shoe/other one/on one side/pull ye it off from her/he was saying it to them/it is said/police [JOD]

► ex: i-we-ke (iwéke) - said the preceding to them; he said it to them [JOD]

► ex: “haⁿ-ba o-taⁿ-ka hi taⁿ o-da-kda-x’a-x’a ta-i,” i-we-ke i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“hą́ba otą́ka hi ttą́ odákdaxʔáxʔa taí,” iwéke iyá maštį́ke) - “as soon as day arrives, you’all will give the scalp yell,” rabbit said to them, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: “hoⁿ, a-tʰi o-wi-ki-bda-ke a-tʰi,” i-we-ke i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“hǫ, atʰí ówikibdáke atʰí,” iwéke iyá maštį́ke) - “yes, I have come, I have come to tell you something,” the rabbit said to them, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: “hoⁿ, o-wi-ki-bda-ke tai miⁿ-kʰe,” i-we-ke i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“hǫ, ówikibdáke taí mįkʰé,” iwéke iyá maštį́ke) - the rabbit said, “yes, I will tell you’all” it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: “wa-sa ka-hi-ke taⁿ-ka niⁿ-kʰe ni-ka-shi-ka zho-hi hi e-ti hi-wi naⁿ t’e-da-we i-ya,” i-we-ke i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke niⁿ-kʰe (“wasá kahíke ttą́ka nįkʰe níkkašíka žóhi hi étti híwi ną́ tʔédawé iyá,” iwéke iyá maštį́ke nįkʰe) - “they say that a great many people went there and they killed the black bear principal chief,” the rabbit said to them, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: “di-xa a-taⁿ t’e-da-we,” i-we-ke i-ya (“dixá attą tʔédawé,” iwéke iyá) - “chase him and kill him!” he said to them, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: “e-ti-tʰaⁿ o-kda-x’a-x’a-we ka,” i-we-ke i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke tʰaⁿ (“ettítʰą okdáxʔaxʔá-we ká,” iwéke iyá maštį́ke tʰą) - “immediately afterward you must give the scalp yell,” the rabbit said to them, it is said (they say) [JOD]

 

say, to say as follows

► ke (ke) - to say as follows

► cf. i-ke (iké) - say (the preceding) to someone; i-ke-ye (ikéye) - to have said something to someone ►

► ex: ke naⁿ (ké ną) said as follows/past sign [JOD]

► ex: e-shoⁿ maⁿ-ʰto ke naⁿ, iya: (ešǫ́ mątʰó ké ną, iyá:) - then Grizzly bear said, it is said: [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ-tʰaⁿ-hi ma-shtiⁿ-ke ke naⁿ, iya: (hǫ́tʰąhi maštį́ke ké ną, iyá:) - then Rabbit said as follows, it is said: [JOD]

► ex: e-shoⁿ ma-shtiⁿ-ke ke naⁿ, iya: (ešǫ́ maštį́ke ké ną, iyá:) - then Rabbit said as follows, it is said: [JOD]

► ex: e-shoⁿ ke naⁿ, iya: (ešǫ́ ké ną, iyá:) - then he said as follows, it is said: [JOD]

► ex: e-shoⁿ wa-x’o-zhi-ka niⁿ-kʰe ke naⁿ, i-ya: (ešǫ́ waxʔóžiká nįkʰé ké ną, iyá:) - the old woman said as follows, it is said: [JOD]

► Dhegiha: e-ge (egé) - to say something to one, against another; to say it (as a name or title) to one, in addressing him; used as a strong assertion, either in affirmation or in denial (in which latter case the negative form is used) in replies [Omaha/Ponca]; e-ge (ége) - to say so, to say that [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: e-gi-ge (egíge) - to say something to another, for or against a relation or friend of the speaker [Omaha/Ponca]; e-ʰki-ge (e-ḳí-ge) - to say to one another [FL-Osage]; e-gi-ge (égige), e-gi-gi-he (égigihe) - say anything to another [Kaw]

 

scab, peel off or come off as a scab

► xdo-te (xdótte) - peel off, come off as a scab

► cf. di-xdo-te (dixdótte) - peel something off a surface; xdo-ta-de (xdottáde) - peel off of its own accord; di-xto (dixtó) - pull open, peel back; o-xe di-xto (óxe dixtó) - pull open a cache; o-di-xdo (odíxdo) - take food from a cache

► Dhegiha: xthu-de (qthúde) - peel, slip; to be peeled off; to slip out of [Omaha/Ponca]; xlo-je (xlóje) - shed, as a locust’s shell; taken off, as bark; skinned, as when skin is abraded from the hand [Kaw]

 

scales, fish scales

► ho she-naⁿ-ke (ho šénąkke) - fish scales

 

scallops, cut notches or scallops

► di-shka-shka (diškáška) - cut notches or scallops ► bdi-shka-shka (bdíškaška) - I, ti-shka-shka (ttíškaška) - you

 

scallops, tear notches or scallops in something

► di-ti-te (dittitté) - tear notches, scallops in something ► bdi-ti-te (bdíttitte) - I, ti-ti-te (ttíttitte) - you

► cf. ti-te (ttítte) - notched; ka-ti-te (kattítte) - strike notches in something; pa-ti-te (páttitte) - cut notches with a knife

 

scalp

► pa-hi ha (ppahíha) - the scalp

► cf. pa-hi (ppahí) - head; ha (ha) - skin, bark, hide, shell

 

scalp, give the scalp yell

► o-kda-x’a-x’a (okdáxʔaxʔá) - whoop, give the scalp yell ► o-da-kda-x’a-x’a (odákdax’áx’a) - you; o-kda-x’a-x’a-we (okdáxʔaxʔáwe) - they

► cf. o-kda-x’a (okdáxʔa) - whoop

► ex: o-da-kda-x’a-x’a ta-i (odákdaxʔáxʔa taí) - you’all will give the scalp yell [JOD]

► ex: haⁿ-ba o-taⁿ-ka hi taⁿ o-da-kda-x’a-x’a ta-i i-we-ke i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (hą́ba otą́ka hi ttą́ odákdaxʔáxʔa taí iwéke iyá maštį́ke) - as soon as day arrives, you’all will give the scalp yell, rabbit said to them, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: o-kda-x’a-x’a-we (okdáxʔaxʔáwe) - they whoop, they give the scalp yell [JOD]

► ex: e-de ni-ka-shi-ka zho-hi hi o-kda-x’a-x’a-we i-ya bdo-ka hi (edé níkkašíka žóhi hi okdáxʔaxʔáwe iyá bdóka hi) - but there were a great many people, the entire group gave the scalp yell, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ-tʰaⁿ-hi ni-ka-shi-ka zho-hi hi o-kda-x’a-x’a-we, i-ya (hǫ́tʰąhi níkkašíka žóhi hi okdáxʔaxʔáwe, iyá) - then, a great many people gave the scalp yell, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: za-ni hi o-kda-x’a-x’a-we i-ya ni-ka-shi-ka ke (zaní hi okdáxʔaxʔáwe iyá níkkašíka ke) - all of the people gave the scalp yell, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: “wi-taⁿ-niⁿ hi wa-te-paⁿ ta miⁿ-kʰe, e-ti-tʰaⁿ o-kda-x’a-x’a-we ka!” i-we-ke i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke tʰaⁿ (wíttąnį hi wattéppą́ tta mįkʰé ettítʰą okdáxʔaxʔá-we ká iwéke iyá maštį́ke tʰą) - “I will give the attack cry first, immediately afterward you must give the scalp yell,” the rabbit said to them, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► Dhegiha: u-gtha-’a-’a (ugthá’a’á) - give the scalp yell [JOD-Omaha]; i o-la-k’a-k’a (í olák’ak’a) - to give the war whoop or scalp yell, lit. “to make a succession of arrested sounds come from one’s own mouth”, war whoop, scalp yell [Kaw]

 

scalp, plaited scalp lock

► no-x’e-saⁿ (noxʔésą), na-x’e-saⁿ (naxʔésą) - plaited scalp lock

► Dhegiha: soⁿ (çoⁿ) - to braid [FL-Osage]; saⁿ (saⁿ) - plaited, braided [Kaw]

 

scalp, to scalp

► di-xpe (dixpé) - to scalp ► bdi-xpe (bdíxpe) - I, ti-xpe (ttíxpe) - you

► cf. ni-zhi-ha di-xpe (nižíha dixpé) - scalp a person

► ex: di-xpe ste-te (dixpé stetté) - Long Scalp [JOD]

► Dhegiha: thi-xpe (ȼi-qpé) - to pull off all the hair or skin, as in scalping, leaving only the skull [JOD-Omaha]

 

scalp, to scalp a person

► ni-zhi-ha di-xpe (nižíha dixpé) - to scalp a person ► ni-zhi-ha bdi-xpe (nižíha bdíxpe) - I, ni-zhi-ha ti-xpe (nižíha ttíxpe) - you

► cf. ni-zhi-ha (nižíha) - hair of the human head; di-xpe (dixpé) - to scalp

► Dhegiha: thi-xpe (ȼi-qpé) - to pull off all the hair or skin, as in scalping, leaving only the skull [JOD-Omaha]

 

scar

► sta (sta) - scar

► Dhegiha: zna (zna) - scar [Omaha/Ponca]; sna (s͓na) - a scar; to be scarred [JOD-Omaha]; sna (çna) - scar [Omaha]; moⁿ-tha-sta (móⁿ-tha-çta); sa-moⁿ (ça-moⁿ) - scar [FL-Osage]

 

scare off an animal

► di-hi de-de (dihí dede) - scare off (an animal) ► bdi-hi de-a-de (bdíhi déade) - I, ti-hi de-a-de (ttíhi dédade) - you

► Dhegiha: thi-hi (ȼi-hí) - to scare a bird, animal, etc., out of its retreat; to scare an animal, even when it is on the open prarie [JOD-Omaha]; thi-hi (thi-hí) - disturb an animal by fright; to cause an animal to leave its hiding place through fright [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: the-the (théthe) - to cause to go; to send off an object; used as an auxiliary verb [Omaha/Ponca]; the-the (thethé) - to go this way (in his own footprints, made previously) [Omaha/Ponca]; the-the (the the) - start; send [Omaha]; the-the (¢é¢ĕ) - send suddenly [JOD-Omaha]; the-the (thé-the) - to send; to transmit [FL-Osage]; the-the (ðéeðe) - make go, cause to go; send; mail [CQ-Osage]; ye-ye (yéye) - auxiliary verb indicating sudden movement or forceful action; far off, in the distance [Kaw]

 

scare or flush out

► ba-zhi de-de (baží déde) - scare out, flush out ► pa-zhi de-a-de (ppáži déade) - I, shpa-zhi de-da-de (špáži dédade) - you

► cf. ba-zhi (baží) - drive something or someone off; de-de (déde) - sent away, causative of go; naⁿ-zhi-we (nąžíwe) - drive, flush out with the feet

► ex: wa-ba-zhi (wábaží) - drive them off [MS, FR]

► Dhegiha: ba-zhi de (bazhíde) - to make an animal start up by punching at it [Omaha/Ponca]

 

scare, frighten

► di-na-xi-da (dináxida) - scare, frighten ► ti-na-xi-da (ttinaxida) - you

► cf. na-xi-da (naγida) - to be scared

► Dhegiha: noⁿ-xi-tha (noⁿxitha) - scare [Omaha]; xi-tha (qítha) - through fear of failure, reluctant, doubtful, to hate to undertake, to think that someone will not answer for the purpose [Omaha/Ponca]; xi-tha (xi-thá) - lack of confidence [FL-Osage]; ʰki-xi-tha (ʰkíxiða) - despair, mistrust oneself, not trust oneself, doubt oneself, give up [CQ-Osage]

 

scared, frightened

► naⁿ-pe (ną́ppe), noⁿ-pe (nǫ́ppe) - to fear the sight of something ► naⁿ-a-pe (ną́appe) - I, naⁿ-da-pe (nądappe) - you, naⁿ-oⁿ-pa-we (ną́ǫppawe) - we

► cf. noⁿ-pe-wa-de (nǫ́ppewade), naⁿ-pe-wa-de (ną́ppewade) - dangerous, also masculine name; maⁿ naⁿpa-zhi (máⁿnaⁿ-pá-ji) - masculine name, He fears not Arrows [JOD]

► ex: naⁿ-pe niⁿ (ną́ppe nį́) - he fears as he moves [JOD]

► ex: wi-ti-mi, wi-te-ke ta-taⁿ naⁿ-pe niⁿ e? (wíttimí, wittéke táttą ną́ppe nį́ e?) - aunt (my father’s sister), what does uncle (my mother’s brother) fear? [JOD]

► ex: naⁿ-pe ni-ke hi (ną́ppe niké hi) - he fears/there is nothing/very [JOD]

► ex: “di-te-ke ta-taⁿ naⁿ-pe ni-ke hi,” i-yi i-ya wa-x’o-zhi-ka niⁿ-kʰe (“dítteke táttą ną́ppe niké hi,” iyí iyá waxʔóžiká nįkʰé) - “your uncle (your mother’s brother) fears nothing whatsoever,” it is said the old woman said [JOD]

► ex: naⁿ-pe aⁿ-taⁿ (ną́ppe ąttą́) - to fear it/I have [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ-zhi, wi-ti-mi, wi-e-hi-taⁿ naⁿ-pe aⁿ-taⁿ (hǫží, wíttimí, wiéhittą́ ną́ppe ąttą́) - no! father’s sister, even I have something to fear [JOD]

► ex: naⁿ-pe ni-ke (ną́ppe niké) - to fear/have nothing [JOD]

► ex: haⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ, wi-te-ke naⁿ-pe ni-ke ni-hoⁿ? (hąnį́ttą, wittéke ną́ppe niké nihǫ́?) - how could it be possible that my mother’s brother fears nothing? [JOD]

► ex: naⁿ-pe niⁿ (ną́ppe nį́) - he fears it as he moves [JOD]

► ex: “hoⁿ! di-te-ke ta-ska pa-hi naⁿ-pe niⁿ,” i-yi i-ya wa-xo-zhi-ka niⁿ-kʰe (“hǫ! díttéke ttaská ppahí ną́ppe nį́,” iyí iyá waxʔóžiká nįkʰé) - “yes! your mother’s brother fears the head of a Bighorn sheep,” it is said the old woman said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: wa-noⁿ-pe (wanoⁿpe) - fear [Omaha]; noⁿ-ʰpe (nóⁿ-p̣e) - to fear, to dread, to have a horror, to be afraid, to be timid [FL-Osage]; noⁿ-ʰpe (nǫ́ǫʰpe) - be afraid or scared, fear [CQ-Osage]; noⁿ-pe (nóⁿpe) - be afraid of what is visible [Kaw]

 

► koi-he (koíhe) - fearful, insecure ► aⁿ-koi-he (ąkóihe) - I, di-koi-he (dikóihe) - you, wa-koi-wa-he (wakoiwahe) - we

► cf. koi-he-wa-de (koíhewáde) - fearful, inspiring fear

► Dhegiha: ku-he (kúhe) - to feel insecure, to dread an unseen or uncertain danger, to be apprehensive, fear [Omaha/Ponca]; gu-he (gúhe) - be afraid at night [Omaha]; ko-i-pshe (kó-i-pshe) - to fear, as the fear of some unseen danger, misgiving, a feeling of doubt [FL-Osage]

 

scared, to be scared

► na-xi-da (naγida) - to be scared ► aⁿ-na-xi-da (ąnáγida) - I, di-na-xi-da (dináγida) - you

► cf. di-na-xi-da (dináxida) - scare, frighten

► ex: aⁿ-na-xi-da shtaⁿ (ąnáγida štą́) - I am scared/often, regularly [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ-zhi, wi-ti-mi, wi-e-taⁿ aⁿ-na-xi-da shtaⁿ i-naⁿ (hǫží, wíttimí, wiéhittą́ ąnáγida štą́ iną́) - Nonsense, my aunt (my father’s sister), even I am often scared [JOD]

► Dhegiha: noⁿ-xi-tha (noⁿxitha) - scare [Omaha]; xi-tha (qítha) - through fear of failure, reluctant, doubtful, to hate to undertake, to think that someone will not answer for the purpose [Omaha/Ponca]; xi-tha (xi-thá) - lack of confidence [FL-Osage]; ʰki-xi-tha (ʰkíxiða) - despair, mistrust oneself, not trust oneself, doubt oneself, give up [CQ-Osage]

 

scarf, handkerchief

► wa-pe-da zhi-ka (wappéda žíka) - handkerchief

► wa-pe-da zhi-ka (wappéda žíka) - scarf, handkerchief [MS]

► cf. wa-pe-da (wappéda) - shawl; zhi-ka (žíka) - small, little; wa-pe-da taⁿ-ka (wappéda ttą́ka) - shawl; o-be-tʰaⁿ (obétʰą) - wrap something around an object

► ex: ni-ka iⁿ-tʰoⁿ-na ke wa-pe-da i naⁿ (níkka įtʰǫ́na ke wappéda-i ną́) - the young men wore handkerchief/scarf (on their head) [JOD]

► Dhegiha: wa-be-ʰtoⁿ (wá-be-ṭoⁿ) - a wrapper, any kind of skin or cloth used for wrapping treasured articles [FL-Osage]; wa-ki-pe-txaⁿ (wáakipetxą) - wrap around skirt, blanket wrapped around like a skirt, lit., “to wrap something around” [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: u-be-toⁿ (u-bé-taⁿ) - to wrap something, as a blanket, around an object; to wrap a bandage around a limb; to bandage; to make up or wrap up a bundle [JOD-Omaha]; u-be-toⁿ (ubetoⁿ) - wrap [Omaha]; u-be-ʰtoⁿ (u-bé-ṭoⁿ) - to wrap or envelop [FL-Osage]; o-pe-txaⁿ (opétxą) - tie in a bundle or wrap up something specific [CQ-Osage] o-be-khaⁿ (obékhaⁿ) - wrap up, wrap something around an object, to bandage [Kaw]

 

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