English to Quapaw Dictionary

S

saber - scarf	scarlet - seeds	seesaw  -  shaman	shame - shore
short - sigh	sight - sitting	six - slivers	slow - soak
soap - soul	sound - spits	splash - stands	star - stockings
stomach - stretching	stride - Sunday	sunrise - syrup

 

splash, make spray fall on one accidentally by hitting the water

► a-ka-ta (ákatta) - splash, make spray fall on one accidentally by hitting the water

► cf. a-ka-ta de-de (ákatta déde) - knock splinter(s) off causing them to fall on someone; a-ka-kaⁿ (ákakką) - powder, sprinkle on; a-ka-sti (ákasti) - sprinkle once on; a-ka-ch’e-ch’e (ákačʔéčʔe) - drip onto an object, drop by drop; a-ka-xtaⁿ (ákaxtą) - pour water on, baptize

a-ka-xtaⁿ-xtaⁿ (ákaxtąxtą) - sprinkle repeatedly

 

splayfooted, toes turned out

► si o-bda-k’oⁿ (si óbdakʔǫ) - splayfooted, toes turned out ► si o-a-bda-k’oⁿ (si óabdakʔǫ) - I, si o-da-bda-k’oⁿ (si ódabdakʔǫ) - you

► cf. si (si) - foot

► Dhegiha: (çi btha-ḳ’a) - web-footed [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: btha (btha) - to open, to spread out; to be opened or spread out [Omaha/Ponca]; bla (bla) - spread out, as dishes on the table [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: btha-ʰk’a (bthá-ḳ’a) - flat board [FL-Osage]; bra-k’a (brákʔa) - flat [CQ-Osage]; bla-k’a (blák’a) - flat on the surface, as boards [Kaw]

 

spleen

► tsi-sta (ttsistá) - spleen

 

splinter, knock splinter(s) off causing them to fall on someone

► a-ka-ta de-de (ákatta déde) - knock splinter(s) off causing them to fall on someone

► cf. a-ka-ta (ákatta) - splash; make spray fall on one accidentally by hitting the water; de-de (déde) - sent away, causative of go

► Dhegiha: a-ga-ta-ye (ágataye), a-ga-ta-ya (ágataya) - knock to pieces, smash, make fly in pieces, as a ball of snow or clod of earth, by throwing it at someone; shatter glass, as a bottle, by throwing at it or hitting it [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: the-the (théthe) - to cause to go; to send off an object; used as an auxiliary verb [Omaha/Ponca]; the-the (thethé) - to go this way (in his own footprints, made previously) [Omaha/Ponca]; the-the (the the) - start; send [Omaha]; the-the (¢é¢ĕ) - send suddenly [JOD-Omaha]; the-the (thé-the) - to send; to transmit [FL-Osage]; the-the (ðéeðe) - make go, cause to go; send; mail [CQ-Osage]; ye-ye (yéye) - auxiliary verb indicating sudden movement or forceful action; far off, in the distance [Kaw]

 

splinters, cut to splinters

► pa-za-za-te (pázazátte) - split, shred, cut to splinters ► pa-a-za-za-te (páazazátte) - I, pa-da-za-za-te (pádazazátte) - you

► cf. ba-za-za-te (bazázatte) - cut, stab to shreds; bi-za-za-te (bizázatte) - split from pressure; da-za-za-te (dazázatte) - chew something to slivers; di-za-za-te (dizázatte) - pull to shreds; ka-za-za-te (kazázatte) - chop to pieces, slivers; naⁿ-za-za-te (nązázatte) - kick to pieces, splinters; po-za-za-te (pózazátte) - punch, shoot apart/to pieces

► Dhegiha: za-za-de (zazade) - ragged [Omaha]; za-za-de (zá-za-de) - extending apart, similar to the sticks of a fan, projecting in fanlike rays, etc. [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: ba-za-za-be (bázazábe) - cut to slivers with a knife [Kaw]

 

splinters, kick to pieces or splinters

► naⁿ-za-za-te (nązázatte) - kick to pieces, splinters ► a-naⁿ-za-za-te (aną́zazátte) - I, da-naⁿ-za-za-te (daną́zazátte) - you

► cf. naⁿ (naⁿ) - by action of the foot; ba-za-za-te (bazázatte) - cut, stab to shreds; bi-za-za-te (bizázatte) - split from pressure; da-za-za-te (dazázatte) - chew something to slivers; di-za-za-te (dizázatte) - pull to shreds; ka-za-za-te (kazázatte) - chop to pieces, slivers; pa-za-za-te (pázazátte) - split, shred, cut to splinters; po-za-za-te (pózazátte) - punch, shoot apart/to pieces

 

split by pulling a knife through

► o-di-ste (odíste) - split by pulling a knife through ► o-bdi-ste (obdíste) - I, o-ti-ste (ottíste) - you

► cf. di-ste (disté) - split, pull off string; di-ste-ste (distéste) - pull into shreds, slivers; o-ste (oste) - crack, cracked, split; o-ste-ke (ostéke) - crack, split; ba-ste (basté) - cut into, gash; ba-ste-ste (bastéste) - cut to shreds, stab repeatedly; bi-ste (bisté) - split, gash; da-ste (dasté) - split with teeth; ka-ste (kasté) - gash, split something; ka-ste-ste (kastéste) - cut or beat to shreds/slivers; ka-ste-ste-ye (kastésteye) - to have cut to shreds; o-ka-ste (okáste) - split something by striking; naⁿ-ste (nąsté) - kick a gash in something; pa-ste (páste) - gash, cut with a knife blade; po-ste (póste) - graze shooting and gash

 

split by sawing

► o-di-shte (odíšte) - saw, split by sawing ► o-bdi-shte (obdíšte) - I, o-ti-shte (ottíšte) - you

► cf. o-di-shte (odíšte) - half (number or quantity); zhoⁿ di-shte (žǫ díšte), zhaⁿ di-shte (žą díšte) - plank, “split wood”

► Dhegiha: u-thi-sne (u-¢í-s͓ne) - to split, as a board or stick, by pulling [JOD-Omaha]; u-thi-stse-ge (u-thi-stse-ge) - split [FL-Osage]; o-yu-stse-ge (oyúscege) - pull apart, split by pulling [Kaw]

 

split from pressure

► bi-za-za-te (bizázatte) - split from pressure ► pi-za-za-te (ppízazatte) - I, shpi-za-za-te (špízazatte) - you

► cf. bi (bi) - by pressing, rubbing; ba-za-za-te (bazázatte) - cut, stab to shreds; da-za-za-te (dazázatte) - chew something to slivers; di-za-za-te (dizázatte) - pull to shreds; ka-za-za-te (kazázatte) - chop to pieces, slivers; naⁿ-za-za-te (nązázatte) - kick to pieces, splinters; pa-za-za-te (pázazátte) - split, shred, cut to splinters; po-za-za-te (pózazátte) - punch, shoot apart/to pieces

 

split in many places

► o-do-ki-di-shpa-shpa-zhi (odókkidíšpašpaží) - you (are) split in many places [JOD]

► ex: di-e-hoⁿ e-ti-koⁿ i-ha pa-zhiⁿ-zhe e-naⁿ-pa o-do-ki-di-shpa-shpa-zhi koⁿ iⁿ (díehǫ ettikǫ́ íha ppažį́že eną́p͓a odókkidíšpašpaží kǫ́ į) - you too/that way/mouth/nose/it too/you (are) split in many places/so (=like)/period [JOD]

 

split in two

► shte-ke (štéke) - split in two

► cf. o-di-shte (odíšte) - half (number or quantity); saw, split by sawing; zhoⁿ di-shte (žǫ díšte) - plank, “split wood”; ka-shte (kašté) - gash, slit something striking it; ki-kda-shte (kkikdášte) - cut, gash one’s own; pa-shte (pášte) - cut

► ex: e-shoⁿ di-xa-zhi niⁿ-kʰe shte-ke naⁿ, i-ya (ešǫ́ dixáži nįkʰé štéke ną, iyá) - then the Hill split in two, it is said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: stse-ge (stsé-ge) - split [FL-Osage]; stse-ge (scége) - gashed [Kaw]

 

split lipped, be hare lipped

► i-ha shka (íha šká) - be hare lipped, split lip ► i-ha aⁿ-shka (íha ąšká) - I, i-ha di-shka (íha dišká) - you, i-ha wa-shka-we (íha waškáwe) - we

► cf. i-ha (íha) - mouth

► ex: “i-shta taⁿ-ka! i-ha-shka!” i-yi i-ya maⁿ-tʰo (“ištá ttą́ka! íhašká!” iyí iyá mątʰó) - “Big eyes! Split lip!” it is said Grizzly bear said [JOD]

► ex: i-ha-shka shi-ke! (íhašká šíke!) - You bad split-lip! [JOD]

► Dhegiha: i-ha se (íhaçe) - harelip [Omaha]; i-ha zha-ta (iha zhata) - harelip, split lip [Omaha]; i u-zne-ge (í uznége) - hare-lipped, cleft lip [Omaha/Ponca]; i-ha zha-ta (í-ha zha-ta) - harelip, broken lip [FL-Osage]; i-ha zha-ʰta (íhaa žáʰta) - broken or split lip, harelip [CQ-Osage]

 

split often, cut to slivers

► pa-ste-ste (pásteste) - cut to slivers, split often ► pa-a-ste-ste (páastéste) - I, pa-da-ste-ste (pádastéste) - you

► cf. pa-ste (páste) - gash, cut with a knife blade; ba-ste (basté) - cut into, gash; ba-ste-ste (bastéste) - cut to shreds, stab repeatedly; bi-ste (bisté) - split, gash; bi-ste-ste (bistéste) - split repeatedly, shred; da-ste (dasté) - split with teeth; da-ste-ste (dásteste) - chew into slivers; di-ste (disté) - split, pull off string; di-ste-ste (distéste) - pull into shreds, slivers; ka-ste (kasté) - gash, split something; ka-ste-ste (kastéste) - cut or beat to shreds/slivers; ka-ste-ste-ye (kastésteye) - to have cut to shreds; naⁿ-ste (nąsté) - kick a gash in something; naⁿ-ste-ste (nąstéste) - kick or tread to pieces; po-ste (póste) - graze shooting and gash; po-ste-ste (pósteste) - shoot or punch to slivers

 

split or gash something

► ka-ste (kasté) - gash, split something ► a-ste (áste) - I, da-ste (dáste) - you

► cf. ka (ka) - by striking, by action of the wind or water; ka-ste-ste (kastéste) - cut or beat to shreds/slivers; ka-ste-ste-ye (kastésteye) - to have cut to shreds; o-ka-ste (okáste) - split something by striking; o-ste (oste) - crack, cracked, split; o-ste-ke (ostéke) - crack, split; ba-ste (basté) - cut into, gash; bi-ste (bisté) - split, gash; da-ste (dasté) - split with teeth; di-ste (disté) - split, pull off string; o-di-ste (odíste) - split by pulling a knife through; naⁿ-ste (nąsté) - kick a gash in something; pa-ste (páste) - gash, cut with a knife blade; po-ste (póste) - graze shooting and gash

► Dhegiha: ga-sne (ga-s͓ne) - to make a deep gash in the skin by hitting with a knife or stick, or by falling on some prominent or sharp object [JOD-Omaha]; ga-stse (gá-stse) -split [FL-Osage]

 

split or gash with something

► i-ba-shte (íbašte) - split or gash with something

► cf. ba (ba) - by pushing; i-ka-shte (íkašte) - gash, slit the skin with something

► ex: i-ba-shte (íbašte) - it was split accidentally by falling against [JOD]

► ex: “shaⁿ-iⁿ-te, iⁿ-spe i-ba-shte a-zhaⁿ-miⁿ,” i-yi (šą́įtte į́spe íbašte ážąmį́,” iyí) - “well, I think it was accidentally split by falling against an axe,” he said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ma-sne (ma-s͓né) - to gash the skin by drawing a knife over it [JOD-Omaha]; ba-stse-ge (bá-stse-ge) - to gash the skin with a knife [FL-Osage]; ba-stse-ge (bascége) - slit, cut by pushing [Kaw]

 

split repeatedly, shred

► bi-ste-ste (bistéste) - split repeatedly, shred ► pi-ste-ste (ppísteste) - I, shpi-ste-ste (špísteste) - you

► cf. bi (bi) - by pressing, rubbing; bi-ste (bisté) - split, gash; ba-ste (basté) - cut into, gash; ba-ste-ste (bastéste) - cut to shreds, stab repeatedly; da-ste (dasté) - split with teeth; da-ste-ste (dásteste) - chew into slivers; di-ste (disté) - split, pull off string; di-ste-ste (distéste) - pull into shreds, slivers; ka-ste (kasté) - gash, split something; ka-ste-ste (kastéste) - cut or beat to shreds/slivers; ka-ste-ste-ye (kastésteye) - to have cut to shreds; naⁿ-ste (nąsté) - kick a gash in something; naⁿ-ste-ste (nąstéste) - kick or tread to pieces; pa-ste (páste) - gash, cut with a knife blade; pa-ste-ste (pásteste) - cut to slivers, split often; po-ste (póste) - graze shooting and gash; po-ste-ste (pósteste) - shoot or punch to slivers

 

split something by striking

► o-ka-ste (okáste) - split something by striking ► o-a-ka-ste (oákaste) - I, o-da-ka-ste (odákaste) - you

► cf. o-ste (oste) - crack, cracked, split; ka-ste (kasté) - gash, split something; ka-ste-ste (kastéste) - cut or beat to shreds/slivers; ka-ste-ste-ye (kastésteye) - to have cut to shreds

► Dhegiha: u-ga-sne (u-gá-s͓ne) - to split, as wood with a wedge and ax or mallet; to split within an object [JOD-Omaha]; u-ga-sne (ugáçne) - cracked, split [Omaha]; o-ga-stse-ge (ogáscege) - split something such as wood with an instrument such as an ax or a wedge and mallet [Kaw]

 

split with teeth

► da-ste (dasté) - split with teeth ► bda-ste (bdáste) - I, ta-ste (ttáste) - you

► cf. da (da) - by mouth;

da-ste-ste (dásteste) - chew into slivers; ba-ste (basté) - cut into, gash; ba-ste-ste (bastéste) - cut to shreds, stab repeatedly; bi-ste (bisté) - split, gash; bi-ste-ste (bistéste) - split repeatedly, shred; di-ste (disté) - split, pull off string; di-ste-ste (distéste) - pull into shreds, slivers; ka-ste (kasté) - gash, split something; ka-ste-ste (kastéste) - cut or beat to shreds/slivers; ka-ste-ste-ye (kastésteye) - to have cut to shreds; naⁿ-ste (nąsté) - kick a gash in something; naⁿ-ste-ste (nąstéste) - kick or tread to pieces; pa-ste (páste) - gash, cut with a knife blade; pa-ste-ste (pásteste) - cut to slivers, split often; po-ste (póste) - graze shooting and gash; po-ste-ste (pósteste) - shoot or punch to slivers

 

split wood, plank

► zhoⁿ di-shte (žǫ díšte), zhaⁿ di-shte (žą díšte) - plank, “split wood”

► cf. zhoⁿ (žǫ́), zhaⁿ (žą) wood, tree; o-di-shte (odíšte) - saw, split by sawing; o-di-shte (odíšte) - half (number or quantity)

► Dhegiha: zhoⁿ (zhoⁿ) - wood, tree [Omaha/Ponca]; zhoⁿ (zhoⁿ) - wood, tree [Omaha]; zhoⁿ (zhoⁿ) - a tree, wood, fuel [FL-Osage]; zhaⁿ (žą́ą) - tree, log, wood, lumber, stick, pole, woods, forest [CQ-Osage]; zhaⁿ (zhaⁿ) - wood, a tree or log [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: u-thi-stse-ge (u-thi-stse-ge) - split [FL-Osage]; o-yu-stse-ge (oyúscege) - pull apart, split by pulling [Kaw]

 

split, crack

► o-ste-ke (ostéke) - crack, split

► cf. o-ste (oste) - crack, cracked, split

► Dhegiha: u-sne-ge (u-s͓né-ge) - to be cracked; a split or crack [JOD-Omaha]; u-stse-ge (u-stse-ge) - crack, crevice [FL-Osage]

 

split, crack, cracked

► o-ste (oste) - crack, cracked, split

► cf. o-ste-ke (ostéke) - crack, split; ba-ste (basté) - cut into, gash; bi-ste (bisté) - split, gash; da-ste (dasté) - split with teeth; di-ste (disté) - split, pull off string; ka-ste (kasté) - gash, split something; naⁿ-ste (nąsté) - kick a gash in something; naⁿ-ste-ste (nąstéste) - kick or tread to pieces; pa-ste (páste) - gash, cut with a knife blade; po-ste (póste) - graze shooting and gash

 ► Dhegiha: u-sne (usné) - split [JOD-Omaha]

 

split, gash

► bi-ste (bisté) - split, gash ► pi-ste (ppíste) - I, shpi-ste (špíste) - you

► cf. bi (bi) - by pressing, rubbing; bi-ste-ste (bistéste) - split repeatedly, shred; ba-ste (basté) - cut into, gash; ba-ste-ste (bastéste) - cut to shreds, stab repeatedly; da-ste (dasté) - split with teeth; da-ste-ste (dásteste) - chew into slivers; di-ste (disté) - split, pull off string; di-ste-ste (distéste) - pull into shreds, slivers; ka-ste (kasté) - gash, split something; ka-ste-ste (kastéste) - cut or beat to shreds/slivers; ka-ste-ste-ye (kastésteye) - to have cut to shreds; naⁿ-ste (nąsté) - kick a gash in something; naⁿ-ste-ste (nąstéste) - kick or tread to pieces; pa-ste (páste) - gash, cut with a knife blade; pa-ste-ste (pásteste) - cut to slivers, split often; po-ste (póste) - graze shooting and gash; po-ste-ste (pósteste) - shoot or punch to slivers

 

split, pull off string

► di-ste (disté) - split, pull off string ► bdi-ste (bdíste) - I, ti-ste (ttíste) - you

► cf. di-ste-ste (distéste) - pull into shreds, slivers; ba-ste (basté) - cut into, gash; ba-ste-ste (bastéste) - cut to shreds, stab repeatedly; bi-ste (bisté) - split, gash; bi-ste-ste (bistéste) - split repeatedly, shred; da-ste (dasté) - split with teeth; da-ste-ste (dásteste) - chew into slivers; ka-ste (kasté) - gash, split something; ka-ste-ste (kastéste) - cut or beat to shreds/slivers; naⁿ-ste (nąsté) - kick a gash in something; naⁿ-ste-ste (nąstéste) - kick or tread to pieces; pa-ste (páste) - gash, cut with a knife blade; pa-ste-ste (pásteste) - cut to slivers, split often; po-ste (póste) - graze shooting and gash; po-ste-ste (pósteste) - shoot or punch to slivers

 

split, shred, or cut to splinters

► pa-za-za-te (pázazátte) - split, shred, cut to splinters ► pa-a-za-za-te (páazazátte) - I, pa-da-za-za-te (pádazazátte) - you

► cf. ba-za-za-te (bazázatte) - cut, stab to shreds; bi-za-za-te (bizázatte) - split from pressure; da-za-za-te (dazázatte) - chew something to slivers; di-za-za-te (dizázatte) - pull to shreds; ka-za-za-te (kazázatte) - chop to pieces, slivers; naⁿ-za-za-te (nązázatte) - kick to pieces, splinters; po-za-za-te (pózazátte) - punch, shoot apart/to pieces

► Dhegiha: za-za-de (zazade) - ragged [Omaha]; za-za-de (zá-za-de) - extending apart, similar to the sticks of a fan, projecting in fanlike rays, etc. [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: ba-za-za-be (bázazábe) - cut to slivers with a knife [Kaw]

 

spoil something by punching it

► po-shi-ke (póšike) - spoil something by punching it ► po-a-shi-ke (póašike) - I, po-da-shi-ke (pódašike) - you, po-oⁿ-shi-ke (póǫšike) - we, I and one other

► cf. po (po) - by shooting, blowing, punching, thrusting; shi-ke (šíke) - bad, ugly; ba-shi-ke (bašiké) - ruin by poking a hole in; bi-shi-ke (bišíke) - ruin by pressing, squash; da-shi-ke (dašíke) - speak badly of or incorrectly; di-shi-ke (díšiké) - ruin by tearing, do wrong; ka-shi-ke (kašíke) - spoil something by striking it; naⁿ-shi-ke (nąšíke) - spoil something by stepping on it; pa-shi-ke (pášike) - ruin by cutting with a knife; ta-shi-ke (tášíke) - ruin something by burning it

 

spoil something by stepping on it

► naⁿ-shi-ke (nąšíke) - spoil something by stepping on it ► a-naⁿ-shi-ke (aną́šike) - I, da-naⁿ-shi-ke (daną́šike) - you

► cf. naⁿ (ną) - by action of the foot; shi-ke (šíke) - bad, ugly; ba-shi-ke (bašiké) - ruin by poking a hole in; bi-shi-ke (bišíke) - ruin by pressing, squash; da-shi-ke (dašíke) - speak badly of or incorrectly; di-shi-ke (díšiké) - ruin by tearing, do wrong; ka-shi-ke (kašíke) - spoil something by striking it; pa-shi-ke (pášike) - ruin by cutting with a knife; po-shi-ke (póšike) - spoil something by punching it; ta-shi-ke (tášíke) - ruin something by burning it

 

spoil something by striking it

► ka-shi-ke (kašíke) - spoil something by striking it ► a-shi-ke (ášike) - I, da-shi-ke (dášike) - you

► cf. ka (ka) - by striking, by action of the wind or water; shi-ke (šíke) - bad, ugly; ba-shi-ke (bašiké) - ruin by poking a hole in; bi-shi-ke (bišíke) - ruin by pressing, squash; da-shi-ke (dašíke) - speak badly of or incorrectly; di-shi-ke (díšiké) - ruin by tearing, do wrong; naⁿ-shi-ke (nąšíke) - spoil something by stepping on it; pa-shi-ke (pášike) - ruin by cutting with a knife; po-shi-ke (póšike) - spoil something by punching it; ta-shi-ke (tášíke) - ruin something by burning it

 

spoken, to have spoken

► i-ye-ye (iyéye) - to have spoken, yesterday or before

► cf. i-e (íe), i-ye (íye) - talk, speak; word; i-ye (iyé), e (e) - say; ye (ye), e (e) - past suffix, perfective aspect; past, including all motion verbs

 

spoon, buffalo horn spoon

► te-he ti-ke (ttehé ttíke) - buffalo horn spoon, from Louis Angel Tallchief [MH]

► cf. te-he ti-ke (ttehé) - buffalo horn; ti-ke (ttíke) - cup, ladle made of horn; refers to clam shell spoon etymologically

► Dhegiha: te-he (téhe) - buffalo horn, spoon, so called because the Omahas and Poncas made them of buffalo horn [Omaha/Ponca]; ʰtse-he (ṭse-hé) - buffalo horn [FL-Osage]; ʰtse-he (ʰcehé) - buffalo horn(s) [CQ-Osage]; tse-he (cehé) - horn of the buffalo cow [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ʰtsiu-ge (ṭsiu-ge) - a spoon, a shell spoon [FL-Osage]; ʰtsu-ke (ʰcúke) - spoon, Osage spoons were originally clamshells from creeks, used only for scraping corn, with little ones for children, largers ones for adults; this term is now used for spoons of other materials such as metal, plastic, or wood; abalone shell; shovel [CQ-Osage]

 

spoon, clam shell

► ti-ke (ttíke) - wooden spoon, from Francis Good Eagle [MH]

► ti-ke (ttíke) - cup, ladle made of horn; refers to clam shell spoon etymologically

► ti-ke (ttíke) - dipper [MS]

► cf. ma-ze ti-ke (maze ttíke) - spoon, “metal spoon”; te-he ti-ke (ttehé ttíke) - buffalo horn spoon

► Dhegiha: ʰtsiu-ge (ṭsiu-ge) - a spoon, a shell spoon [FL-Osage]; ʰtsu-ke (ʰcúke) - spoon, Osage spoons were originally clamshells from creeks, used only for scraping corn, with little ones for children, largers ones for adults; this term is now used for spoons of other materials such as metal, plastic, or wood; abalone shell; shovel [CQ-Osage]

 

spoon, metal spoon

► ma-ze ti-ke (máze ttíke) - spoon, “metal spoon”

► ma-ze ti-ke (máze ttíke) - spoon [MS, OM]

► cf. ma-ze (máze) - iron, metal; ti-ke (ttíke) - cup, ladle made of horn; refers to clam shell spoon etymologically

► Dhegiha: moⁿ-ze ʰtsiu-ge (móⁿ-çe ṭsiu-ga) - an iron spoon [FL-Osage]; moⁿ-ze ska ʰtsiu-ge (moⁿ-çé çka ṭsiu-ga) - silver spoon [FL-Osage]

 

spoonbill, paddlefish

► pa-si o-do-ka-hi (ppasí odokáhi) - spoonbill, paddlefish, “to stir up with the nose”, fish with a hide like that of a catfish, no scales, found in Neosho River

► cf. pa-si (ppasí) - tip of something, beak or bill; o-do-ka-hi (odokáhi) - to stir, to stir up, to paddle; ta-ni-ka-hi (taníkahi) - sumac, lit. "mix with tobacco"; ka-hi (kahí) - fan someone; i-ka-hi (íkahi) - mixed with, to mix ingredients [JOD]; i-ki-kda-hi (íkkikdáhi) - mixed; di-i-ki-kda-hi (diíkkikdáhi) - mix with the hands

► Dhegiha: u-thu-ga-hi (uthu gahi) - stir [Omaha]; moⁿ-de u-thu-ga-hi (moⁿde uthugahi) - oars [Omaha]; noⁿ-be u-thu-ga-hi (noⁿbe uthugahi) - wave at [Omaha]; siⁿ-de kʰe u-thu-ga-hi-hi (síⁿde kʰe uthúgahihí) - to switch the tail back and forth, to wag the tail [Omaha/Ponca]; u-thu-ga-hi (u-thú-ga-hi) - to paddle, to stir up what is cooking or boiling [FL-Osage]; o-tho-ka-hi (oðókahi) - stir [CQ-Osage]

 

spot, bare spot

► wa-ki-za (wakkíza) - space, bare spot

► ex: wa-ki-za ni-ke (wakkíza niké) - covered thickly with, “lacking a bare spot”

► ex: bnaⁿ-se wa-ki-za aⁿ-ni-ke (bną́se wakkíza ą́nike) - I’m covered with smallpox

► Dhegiha: ki-za (kíza) - open forest, trees without undergrowth, including tall grass, sunflowers, etc. [Omaha/Ponca]; ki-ki-za (kíkiza) - clear patches, places here and there where one can see distant things, as the fog breaks away [Omaha/Ponca]

 

spots, red in spots or places

► zhi-zhi-te (žižítte) - red in spots or places

► cf. zhi-te (žítte) - red

► Dhegiha: ji-ji-de (jí-ji-de) - red in spots [JOD-Omaha]; zhu-zhu-dse (zhu-zhu-dse) - spotted red [FL-Osage]; zhu-zhu-je (zhúzhuje) - red here and there, in spots [Kaw]

 

spotted

► kde-zhe (kdežé) - spotted

► kde-zhe (kdéže) - spotted, speckled [MS]

► Dhegiha: gthe-zhe (gthezhé) - spotted, having spots in one place [Omaha/Ponca]; gthe-zhe (gthezhe) - speckled [Omaha]; gthe-zhe (gthe-zhé) - spotted [FL-Osage]; le-zhe (léže) - spotted, speckled, stippled [CQ-Osage]; le-zhe (lezhé) - spotted [Kaw]

 

spotted cat, bobcat

► taⁿ-daⁿ kde-zhe ma-zhaⁿ-a-ti (ttądą́ kdéže mažą́atti) - bobcat, spotted cat

► cf. taⁿ-daⁿ (ttądą́), taⁿ-naⁿ (ttąną́), iⁿ-taⁿ-daⁿ (įttą́dą), iⁿ-ta-naⁿ (įttáną) - panther, puma, mountain lion, cougar, similar terms are widespread in North America; kde-zhe (kdéže) - spotted, speckled; ma-zhaⁿ-a-ti (mažą́atti), ma-zhaⁿ-ti (mažą́tti) - in the country, on the land, on the ground

► Dhegiha: iⁿ-gthoⁿ-ga gthe-zhe (iⁿgthóⁿgagthézhe) - the spotted wild cat [Omaha/Ponca]; iⁿ-gthoⁿ gthe-zhe (iⁿ-gthóⁿ-gthe-zhe) - the lynx [FL-Osage] ; iⁿ-gthoⁿ gthe-zhe wa-tse-xe (iⁿ-gthóⁿ-gthe-zhe wa-tse-xe) - wild cat [FL-Osage]; i-loⁿ le-zhe (ilóⁿlezhè) - cat, domestic cat [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ma-zhaⁿ-a-di (ma-jáⁿ-a-di) - on the land [JOD-Omaha]; moⁿ-zhoⁿ dsi (moⁿ-zhóⁿ dsi) - on the prairies, on the earth, on the march [FL-Osage]

 

spotted cat, domestic cat

► iⁿ-taⁿ-daⁿ kde-zhe (įttą́dą kdéže), iⁿ-ta-naⁿ kde-zhe (įttáną kdéže) - cat, domestic cat “spotted”

► iⁿ-ta-naⁿ kde-zhe (įttáną kdéže) - cat [ASG]

► iⁿ-taⁿ kde-zhe (įttą́ kdéže) - cat, speckled cat [MS, AG]

► cf. iⁿ-taⁿ-daⁿ (įttą́dą), iⁿ-ta-naⁿ (įttáną), taⁿ-daⁿ (ttądą́), taⁿ-naⁿ (ttąną́) - panther, puma, mountain lion, cougar, similar terms are widespread in North America; kde-zhe (kdéže) - spotted, speckled

► ex: iⁿ-ta-naⁿ kde-zhe wa-x’o (įttáną kdéže waxʔó) - tabby, female domestic cat [ASG]

► ex: iⁿ-taⁿ-daⁿ kde-zhe zhika (įttą́dą kdéže žíka) - kitten

► Dhegiha: iⁿ-gthoⁿ-ga gthe-zhe (iⁿgthóⁿgagthézhe) - the spotted wild cat [Omaha/Ponca]; iⁿ-gthoⁿ gthe-zhe (iⁿ-gthóⁿ-gthe-zhe) - the lynx [FL-Osage] ; iⁿ-gthoⁿ gthe-zhe wa-tse-xe (iⁿ-gthóⁿ-gthe-zhe wa-tse-xe) - wild cat [FL-Osage]; i-loⁿ le-zhe (ilóⁿlezhè) - cat, domestic cat [Kaw]

 

spotted coals, dead coals

► ta-xde ki-kde-zhe (taxdé kkikdéže) - firecoal/spotted(=dead) [JOD]

► ta-xde ki-kde-zhe (taxdé kkikdéže) - dead coals

► cf. ta-xde (táxde) - coals, charcoal; ki-kde-zhe (kkikdéže) - go out, as a fire

► Dhegiha: gi-gthe-zhe (gi-gthé-zhe) - fade, to lose color [FL-Osage]

 

Spotted Eagle

► xi-da kde-zhe (xidá kdéže) - spotted eagle

► xi-da kde-zhe (xidá kdéže) - Spotted Eagle, male name [MS]

► xi-da kde-zhe (qid^¢á ktqejĕ́) - masculine name, Austin Brown (Alice’s Bro) [JOD]

► cf. xi-da (xidá) - eagle; kde-zhe (kdéže) - spotted, speckled

► Dhegiha: xi-tha gthe-zhe (qitha gthezhe) - spotted eagle [Omaha/Ponca]; xu-tha gthe-zhe (xu-thá gthe-zhe) - Speckled Eagle, male personal name [FL-Osage]; xu-ya le-zhe (xuyá lezhé) - Spotted Eagle, male name [Kaw]

 

spotted here and there

► kde-zha-zha (kdežáža) - spotted here and there

► cf. kde-zhe (kdéže) - spotted, speckled

► Dhegiha: gthe-zha-zha (gthezházha) - spotted, patterened [Omaha/Ponca]; gthe-zha-zha (gthe-zhá-zha) - spotted; spotted in different parts of the body [FL-Osage]

 

spotted horse

► shoⁿ-ke a-kniⁿ kde-zhe (šǫ́keáknį kdežé) - spotted horse [JOD]

► cf. shoⁿ-ke a-kniⁿ (šǫ́ke áknį) - horse; kde-zhe (kdéže) - spotted, speckled

► ex: wa-haⁿ-niⁿ-ke taⁿ o-pi-zhi kʰe kdi-a-ze naⁿ shoⁿ-ke-a-kniⁿ kde-zhe hi naⁿ-ta-ta-xe ka-xe tʰi na-zhiⁿ ka-xe (wahą́nįké tą óppiži kʰe kdiáze ną šǫ́keáknį kdežé hi nątatáxe káγe tʰí nažį́ káγe) - when the orphan opened her box a spotted horse came (was made to come, appear), standing there making noises with his feet [JOD]

► Dhegiha: gthe-zhe (gthezhé) - spotted, having spots in one place [Omaha/Ponca]; gthe-zhe (gthezhe) - speckled [Omaha]; gthe-zhe (gthe-zhé) - spotted [FL-Osage]; le-zhe (léže) - spotted, speckled, stippled [CQ-Osage]; le-zhe (lezhé) - spotted [Kaw]

 

spotted rattle snake

► we-s’a-xti kde-zhe (wésʔaxti kdežé) - spotted rattle snake, “spotted real serpent” [JOD]

► cf. we-s’a-xti (wésʔaxti) - rattlesnake, “real snake”; kde-zhe (kdéže) - spotted, speckled

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ zho bdo-ka hi we-s’a o-do-hi i-ya-we, we-s’a-xti kde-zhe pe-xe ttaⁿ e-koⁿ o-do-hi i-ya-we (kóišǫ́ttą žo bdóka hi wésʔa odóhi iyáwe, wésʔaxti kdežé ppéγe ttą ekǫ́ odóhi iyáwe) - then her entire flesh/body turned into a snake, they say, turned into a rattlesnake (spotted real snake) with a rattle, like that, they say [JOD]

 

spotted temples

► ta-te kde-zhe (ttátte kdéže) - spotted temples [JOD]

► cf. ta-te (ttátte) - temple(s), side of the head; kde-zhe (kdéže) - spotted, speckled; ta-te hiⁿ (ttattéhį) - hair on the sides of the head; hair on the temples; ta-te-noⁿ-shi (ttattenǫ́ši) - cheek

 

spotted, turtle with spotted breast

► ke moiⁿ-ke kde-zhe (kké moį́ke kdéže) - turtle with spotted breast, water turtle

► cf. ke (kke) - turtle; maⁿ-ke (mą́ke), maⁿiⁿ-ke (mąį́ke), moiⁿ-ke (moį́ke) - chest, breast; kde-zhe (kdéže) - spotted, speckled

► Dhegiha: ke gthe-zhe (ke gthezhe) - speckled turtle [Omaha]

 

spread or scatter with the hands

► o-ka (oká) - scatter or spread with the hands ► o-a-ka (oáka) - I, o-da-ka (odáka) - you, oⁿ-ko-ka-we (ǫkókawe) - we

 

spread or stand with knees apart

► ka-bda-zhe (kabdáže) - spread, stand with knees apart ► aⁿ-bda-zhe (ą́bdaže) - I, di-a-bda-zhe (diábdaže) - you

► cf. a-ka-bda-zhe (ákabdaže) - straddle something

► Dhegiha: ga-btha-zhe (gabtházhe) - spread open, as the legs; to straddle [Omaha/Ponca]; ga-bla-zhe (gablázhe) - straddle something [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ga-btha-zhe gthiⁿ (ga-bthá-zhe gthiⁿ) - to sit Turk fashion, as a tailor [FL-Osage]; ga-bla-zhe liⁿ (gablázhe liⁿ) - sit with legs apart [Kaw]

 

spread out one object on another, as a robe on a horse or a table cloth on a table

► a-di-bda (ádibda) - spread out one object on another, as a robe on a horse or a table cloth on a table ► a-bdi-bda (ábdibda) - I, a-ti-bda (áttibda) - you, oⁿ-ka-di-bda-we (ǫkádibdáwe) - we

► cf. a (a) - on, upon; di-bda (dibdá) - pull apart, separate

► Dhegiha: u-zhoⁿ a-thi-btha (uzhoⁿ athibtha) - cover [Omaha]; wa-tha-te a-thi-btha (wathate athibtha) - table cloth [Omaha]; a-thi-btha (á-thi-btha) - spread oilcloth [FL-Osage]; a-thu-bra (áðubra), a-thi-bra (áðibra) - spread upon, spread over [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: thi-btha (thibtha) - unfold [Omaha]; thi-btha (thi-bthá) - to spread a robe or blanket [FL-Osage]; thi-bra (ðíbra), thu-bra (ðúbra) - spread, spread out, as a cloth [CQ-Osage]; yu-bla (yublá) - spread out or hang up to dry, corn, clothes [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: btha (b¢a) - open, spread out [JOD-Omaha]; btha (btha) - to open, to spread out; to be opened or spread out [Omaha/Ponca]; bla (bla) - spread out, as dishes on the table [Kaw]

 

spread out, as a turkey’s tail

► di-xa-taⁿ (dixattą́), di-xa-tʰaⁿ (dixatʰą́) - spread out, as a turkey’s tail

► di-xa-taⁿ (diγáttą) - stretch apart ► bdi-xa-taⁿ (bdíγattą) - I, ti-xa-taⁿ (ttíγattą) - you

► Dhegiha: thi-xa-daⁿ (¢i-xá-daⁿ) - to open out [JOD-Omaha]; thi-xa-doⁿ (thiqádoⁿ) - to disorder hair (of the head) or feathers by pulling [Omaha/Ponca]

 

spring

► pe (pe) - summer; spring [ASG]

► pe (pe) - summer

► Dhegiha: me (me) - spring, the spring of the year [Omaha/Ponca]; be (be) - spring of the year [FL-Osage]; pe (pée) - springtime, spring [CQ-Osage]

 

► pe-ta-de (péttadé) - spring [ASG]

► pe-ta-de (pettáde) - towards spring [FR, OM]

 

spring at or on, jump at

► i-ki-noⁿ-taⁿ (íkkinǫttą́) - jump at, spring at or on ► i-da-ki-noⁿ-taⁿ (idákkinǫttą́) - I, i-da-ki-noⁿ-taⁿ (ídakkinǫ́ttą) - you

► Dhegiha: ʰki-noⁿ-doⁿ (ḳi-nóⁿ-doⁿ) - Springs Forth, male personal name [FL-Osage]

 

spring months

► zhoⁿ-xda zhi-te (žǫ́xda žítte) - month in the Quapaw lunar calendar, when the buds are red in Spring

► cf. zhaⁿ (žą), zhoⁿ (žǫ) - wood, tree; zhoⁿ-xda zhi-te hi (žǫ́xda žítte hi) - redbud tree; zhoⁿ-xda (žǫxdá) - bud; zhi-te (žítte) - red

 

► zhaⁿ-to ti-te (žą́tto títte) - month in the Quapaw lunar calendar, perhaps Spring, precedes pa-shte ti-te (ppašté titté)

► cf. zhaⁿ to-hi (žą ttohi) - mulberry tree [MS]; ti-te (títte) - ripe, cooked

 

Spring River

► ni-sni wa-tʰi-shka (nísni watʰíška) - Spring River, I.T.

► ni-sni wa-tʰi-ska (nísni watʰíska) - Spring River [OM]

► cf. ni-sni (nisní) - spring, lit. “cold water”; wa-tʰi-shka (watʰíška) - creek, river, bayou

► Dhegiha: ni-sni (níçni) - cold water, well water [Omaha]; ni-sni (ni-çni) - a spring of cold water [FL-Osage]; ni-hni (ni-hní) - water cold; a spring or well; cold water [FL-Osage]; ni-ni (níini) - spring, well, sources of water [CQ-Osage]; ni-hniⁿ (nihníⁿ) - well water; a pump [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: wa-chʰi-shka (wachʰíshka) - creek, stream [Omaha/Ponca]; wa-chi-shka (wachíshka) - creek, brook [Omaha]; wa-tshi-shka (wa-tcí-cka) - a stream of any sort; a river; a creek [JOD-Omaha]; wa-ʰtsi-shka (wa-ṭsi-shka) - a brook, obsolete among the Osage, but still used by the Omaha [FL-Osage]; wa-chiⁿ-shka (wachíⁿshka) - river, small, a stream or creek, archaic [Kaw]

 

► to ski-de ni (to skíde ni) - Sweet potato creek, home of the Quapaws before 1861 according to JOD

► cf. to ski-de (to skíde) - sweet potato; ni (ni) - water, liquid, stream, lake

► ex: ma-zhaⁿ shi-ka-zhi shoⁿ-ti to-skide i-ke-ya-we ni e-ti kʰe, mi o-xpe-ta-de-de-do-shi oⁿ-kniⁿ oⁿ-ka-tʰaⁿ naⁿ (mažą́ šikáži šǫ́tti to skíde íkeyáwe ni ettí kʰe, mi óxpettadédedóši ǫknį́ ǫ́katʰą́ ną) - before the late civil war, we dwelt on the west side of what they called, Sweet Potato Creek [JOD]

► Dhegiha: do-sku-e ga-xa (dó-çku-e ga-xa) - Sweet potato branch, sometimes called ni-u-zhu (Neosho); Spring River [FL-Osage]; to-sku-e ka-xa (tóoskue káxa) - Sweet Potato Creek [CQ-Osage]

 

spring, early in the spring

► pe-ta-ti o-taⁿ-ka (péttatti óttąka) - early in the spring [JOD]

► cf. pe-ta-ti (péttatti) - in the spring; o-taⁿ-ka (óttąka) - as soon as [JOD]

 

spring, in the spring

► pe-ta-ti (péttatti) - in the spring [JOD]

 

spring, lit. “cold water”

► ni-sni (nisní) - spring, lit. “cold water”

► ni-sni (nísni) - cold water [OM]

► ni-sni (ní sní), ni-sni-hi (ní snihí) - cold water [ASG]

► cf. ni (ni) - water, liquid, stream, lake; sni (sni) - cold, to be cold

► ex: ni-sni tʰe (nisní tʰe) - the spring

► ex: ni-sni toⁿ (nísni ttǫ) - Baxter Springs, Kansas

► Dhegiha: ni-sni (níçni) - cold water, well water [Omaha]; ni-sni (ni-çní) - spring of cold water [FL-Osage]; ni-hni (ni-hní) - cold water, a spring or well [FL-Osage]; ni-ni (níini) - spring, well (sources of water) [CQ-Osage]; ni-hniⁿ (nihníⁿ) - well, water well; a pump [Kaw]

 

spring, sulphur spring water

► ni xwiⁿ (ni xwį) - sulphur spring water, “stinky water” [OM]

► cf. ni (ni) - water, liquid; xwiⁿ (xwį), xo-wiⁿ (xowį́) - stink, emit offensive odor

► Dhegiha: ni (ní) - water [Omaha/Ponca]; ni (ni) - water, liquid, river [Omaha]; ni (ni) - water, river, rivulet, creek [FL-Osage]; ni (níi) - water, any fluid, liquid [CQ-Osage]; ni (ni) - water, river, any liquid [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: xwiⁿ (qwiⁿ), xuiⁿ (quíⁿ) - corrupt, putrid, rotten, offensive, stink, stinking, as carrion [Omaha/Ponca]; xuiⁿ (xuiⁿ) - stink, stench [Omaha]; xwiⁿ (xwiⁿ) - fetid, offensive smell [FL-Osage]; xoiⁿ (ɣoį́) - stink, stinky, fetid odor or offensive smell [CQ-Osage]

 

springhalt, be lame (horses), lame

► hi di-ko (hi díkko) - lame, springhalt, be lame as horses

► hi di-ko (hi díkko) - cripple [OM]

► cf. hi (hi) - leg, stalk, tree, bush, vine; di-ko-ke (dikkóke) - cramp in the legs

► Dhegiha: thi-ki (thikú) - Drawn up, cramped, as the muscles of the hand, foot, leg, or stomach [Omaha/Ponca]; thi-ku (thi kú) - cramp, convulsion [Omaha]; thi-ʰku-ge (thi-ḳú-ge) - a cramp [FL-Osage]; yu-ko-ge (yukóge) - be cramped [Kaw]

 

springs, Baxter Springs

► ni-sni toⁿ (nísni ttǫ) - Baxter Springs, Kansas

► ni-sni toⁿ (nísni ttǫ) - Baxter Springs, Kansas [OM]

► cf. ni-sni (nisní) - spring, lit. “cold water”; toⁿ (ttǫ) - town, contraction of taⁿ-waⁿ (ttą́wą), toⁿ-waⁿ (ttǫ́wą)

► ex: ni-sni toⁿ ta (nísni ttǫ ttá) - to Baxter Springs [AG]

► Dhegiha: ni-sni (níçni) - cold water, well water [Omaha]; ni-sni (ni-çní) - spring of cold water [FL-Osage]; ni-hni (ni-hní) - cold water, a spring or well [FL-Osage]; ni-ni (níini) - spring, well (sources of water) [CQ-Osage]; ni-hniⁿ (nihníⁿ) - well, water well; a pump [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: toⁿ-woⁿ (tóⁿwoⁿ) - camp, village, town [Omaha/Ponca]; taⁿ-waⁿ (táⁿ-waⁿ) - a cluster of lodges, a camp, village, or Indian town [JOD-Omaha]; ʰtoⁿ-woⁿ (ṭóⁿ-woⁿ) - town, city, village [FL-Osage]; ʰtaⁿ-waⁿ (ʰtą́wą) - town [CQ-Osage]; taⁿ-maⁿ (táⁿmaⁿ) - town, camp, village, settlement, city [Kaw]

 

springs, chair with inner springs

► a-kniⁿ bi-sti-sti (áknį bistísti) - chair with inner springs

► cf. a-kniⁿ (áknį) - chair, seat; bi-sti-sti (bistísti) - flatten by pressure/blowing

► Dhegiha: bi-sti-ste (bistíste) - to lie on a feather bed till it sinks and becomes flatter and wider; to press on a bladder till it loses all the enclosed air, and becomes flat [Omaha/Ponca]

 

springs, two sulphur springs

► ni xo-we (ni xówe) - mysterious water, holy or sacred water, the name for two sulphur springs, one on each side of Tar Creek, Indian Terr. [JOD]

► cf. ni (ni) - water, liquid; xo-we (xówe) - sacred, holy; di-xo-we (dixówe) - consecrate, make holy; ni-ka xo-we (níkka xówe) - shaman, Indian doctor, priest, “holy man”; ni-ka xo-we (níkka xówe) - mysterious man [JOD]; ta-ni-ba wa-xo-we (taníba waxówe) - the sacred pipe; wa-zhiⁿ-ka xo-we (wažį́ka xówe) - eagle, “holy bird”; zhoⁿ xo-we (žǫ xówe) - sassafras, S. albidum, lit. “holy wood”

► Dhegiha: xu-be (xube) - hallowed, holy, wizard [Omaha]; xu-be (qubé) - sacred [JOD-Omaha]; xu-be (xúbe) - holy, supernatural power, sanctity [FL-Osage]; xo-pe (xópe) - sacred, consecrated, holy [CQ-Osage]

 

springtime

► pe-ta-de-taⁿ (péttadéttą) - springtime

► pe-ta-de-taⁿ (péttadéttą) - springtime [MS]

► Dhegiha: me-daⁿ (me-dáⁿ) - spring time, in the spring; during the spring [JOD-Omaha]; be-doⁿ (be doⁿ) - in the spring [FL-Osage]; pe-taⁿ (pée tą) - in the spring, in springtime, when it is spring [CQ-Osage]

 

sprinkle once on

► a-ka-sti (ákasti) - sprinkle once on ► a-a-sti (áasti), a-a-ka-sti (áakasti) - I, a-da-sti (ádasti), a-da-ka-sti (ádakasti) - you

► cf. a-ka-ch’e-ch’e (ákačʔéčʔe) - drip onto an object, drop by drop; a-ka-kaⁿ (ákakką) - sprinkle powder on; a-ka-ta (ákatta) - splash; make spray fall on one accidentally by hitting the water; a-ka-xtaⁿ (ákaxtą) - pour water on, baptize; a-ka-xtaⁿ-xtaⁿ (ákaxtąxtą) - sprinkle repeatedly

 

sprinkle powder on

► a-ka-kaⁿ (ákakką) - sprinkle powder on

► cf. a-ka-ch’e-ch’e (ákačʔéčʔe) - drip onto an object, drop by drop; a-ka-sti (ákasti) - sprinkle once on; a-ka-ta (ákatta) - splash; make spray fall on one accidentally by hitting the water; a-ka-xtaⁿ (ákaxtą) - pour water on, baptize; a-ka-xtaⁿ-xtaⁿ (ákaxtąxtą) - sprinkle repeatedly

► ex: shi-zhi-ka a-ka-kaⁿ (šižíka ákakką) - baby powder [MS]

 

sprinkle repeatedly

► a-ka-xtaⁿ-xtaⁿ (ákaxtąxtą) - sprinkle repeatedly ► a-da-ka-xtaⁿ-xtaⁿ (ádakaxtą́xtą) - you

► cf. a-ka-xtaⁿ (ákaxtą) - pour water on, baptize; a-ka-xtaⁿ (ákaxtą) - threw on [JOD]; ka-xtaⁿ (kaxtą́) - pour out, empty something; di-xtaⁿ (dixtą́) - pull at, pull over, upset; naⁿ-xtaⁿ (nąxtą́) - kick over, spill

► ex: niⁿ a-ka-xtaⁿ-xtaⁿ (nį́ ákaxtąxtą) - to sprinkle an object with water from a brush or feather

► Dhegiha: a-ga-xtaⁿ (á-ga-qtaⁿ) - to drop a liquid on something [JOD-Omaha]; pe ni a-ga-xtoⁿ (péni agaxtoⁿ) - baptize, anoint [Omaha]; a-ga-xtoⁿ (á-ga-xtoⁿ) - to shed tears, to weep [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: ga-xtaⁿ (ga-qtáⁿ) - to pour out; to throw away a liquid; to empty a barrel, etc., of grain, sugar, etc. [JOD-Omaha]; ni ga-xtoⁿ (ní-ga-xtoⁿ) - to pour water, to spill water [FL-Osage]; wa-ga-xtoⁿ (wagáxtoⁿ) - the act of pouring water [FL-Osage]; ga-xtaⁿ (gaxtáⁿ) - pour out, empty out, throw out dirt [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: u-ga-xtaⁿ (u-gá-qtaⁿ) - to pour into, to fill into: said of liquids [JOD-Omaha]; o-ka-xtaⁿ (okáxtą), o-ka-xta (okáxta) - pour or dump out [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: thi-xtoⁿ (thixtoⁿ) - drain [Omaha]; thi-xtaⁿ (ðixtą́) - pour, draw water or run water [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: xtaⁿ (qtaⁿ) - to drop, as a liquid [JOD-Omaha]; xtoⁿ (qtoⁿ) - drip, pour [Omaha/Ponca]; xtoⁿ (xtoⁿ) - to spill; to slop over [FL-Osage]; xtaⁿ (xtáⁿ) - leak in, drip out, empty out, spill [Kaw]

 

spur

► i-naⁿ-xi-te (ínąγítte) - spur

► Dhegiha: i-naⁿ-sta (ínaⁿsta) - spur a horse, stick with a spur [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: i-ga-ʰk’i-tha (í-ga-ḳ’i-tha) - spurs [FL-Osage]; i-naⁿ-k’i-ye (ínaⁿk’íye) - spur, spurs [Kaw]

 

spurs of a rooster

► si-ka sha-kde (síkka šákde) - spur(s) of a rooster

► Dhegiha: ke-sha-la (késhala) - spurs of a rooster [Kaw]

 

squash, ruin by pressing

► bi-shi-ke (bišíke) - ruin by pressing, squash ► pi-shi-ke (ppíšike) - I, shpi-shi-ke (špíšike) - you

► cf. bi (bi) - by pressing, rubbing; shi-ke (šíke) - bad; ba-shi-ke (bašiké) - ruin by poking a hole in; da-shi-ke (dašíke) - speak badly of or incorrectly; di-shi-ke (díšiké) - ruin by tearing, do wrong; ka-shi-ke (kašíke) - spoil something by striking it; naⁿ-shi-ke (nąšíke) - spoil something by stepping on it; pa-shi-ke (pášike) - ruin by cutting with a knife; po-shi-ke (póšike) - spoil something by punching it; ta-shi-ke (tášíke) - ruin something by burning it

 

squeal, whistle shrilly

► da-zho-te (dážotté) - squeal, whistle shrilly ► bdi-zho-te (bdážotte) - I, ta-zho-te (ttážotte) - you

► cf. da (da) - by mouth

► Dhegiha: tha-zu-de (¢a-zú-de) - to make an accidental whistling sound when talking [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: zu-de (zude) - whistle [Omaha]; zu-de (zú-de) - to whistle, as a man [JOD-Omaha]; zho-dse (zho-dsé) - to whistle [FL-Osage]; zho-je (zhojé) - whistle, puff, make a high pitched sound [Kaw]

 

squeeze something

► bi-sti-te (bistítte) - squeeze something ► pi-sti-te (ppístitte) - I, shpi-sti-te (špístitte) - you

► cf. bi (bi) - by pressing, rubbing; di-sti-te (distítte) - pull out, pull open, to milk; kdi-sti-te (kdístitte) - pull out one’s own (bow, etc.); kdi-sti-sti-te (kdístistítte) - pull out one’s own repeatedly, as arrows from a quiver

► Dhegiha: bi-sniⁿ-de (bi-s͓níⁿ-de) - to make a liquid pour out by weight or pressure on the receptacle, or by blowing through [JOD-Omaha]

 

squeezed, crackle when squeezed

► bi-ta-ze (bittáze) - crackle when squeezed ► pi-ta-ze (ppíttaze) - I, shpi-ta-ze (špíttaze) - you

► cf. bi (bi) - by pressing, rubbing; da-ta-ze (dattáze) - crackling sound by biting; di-ta-ze (dittáze) - crackling sound, snapping; ka-ta-ze (kattáze) - crackling sound of sticks; naⁿ-ta-ze (nąttáze) - make crack noise by stepping; ta-ta-ze (tattáze) - crackle while burning

 

squeezing, cause to cry by squeezing

► di-xa-ke (diγáke) - cause to cry by squeezing ► bdi-xa-ke (bdíγake) - I, ti-xa-ke (ttíγake) - you

► cf. di (di) - cause by using the hands; general causative; xa-ke (γaké) - cry, weep

► Dhegiha: thi-xa-ge (thixáge) - to make him cry by detaining, or by holding too tightly [Omaha/Ponca]; yu-gha-ge (yugháge), yu-xa-ge (yuxage) - make cry by holding, squeezing, pinching [Kaw]

 

squirrel

► siⁿ-ka (sį́ka) - squirrel [MS, MR]

► siⁿ-ka (sin-ka) - squirrel (écureuil) [GI]

► siⁿ-ka (sį́Ga) - squirrel [FS]

► siⁿ-ka (sínka) - squirrel [ASG]

► cf. siⁿ-ka sa (sį́ka sá) - black squirrel; siⁿ-ka taⁿ-ka (sį́ka ttą́ka) - badger; siⁿ-ka xo-te (sį́ka xótte) - gray squirrel; siⁿ-ka zi (sį́ka zí) - fox squirrel

► Dhegiha: siⁿ-ga (síⁿga) - squirrel, the reddish-gray or fox squirrel common in Nebraska and the Dakotas [Omaha/Ponca]; siⁿ-ga (çiⁿga) - tree squirrel [Omaha]; siⁿ-ga (çíⁿ-ga) - squirrel [FL-Osage]; siⁿ-ka (sį́ka) - squirrel [CQ-Osage]; siⁿ-ga (síⁿga) - fox squirrel, red squirrel [Kaw]

 

squirrel, black squirrel

► siⁿ-ka sa (sį́ka sá) - black squirrel

► cf. siⁿ-ka (sį́ka) - squirrel; sa (sa) - black

► Dhegiha: siⁿ-ga sa-be (çíⁿ-ga ça-be) - black squirrel [FL-Osage]

 

squirrel, flying squirrel

► iⁿ-chʰoⁿ bda-ska (į́čʰǫ bdáska) - flying squirrel

► cf. iⁿ-chʰoⁿ taⁿ-ka (įčʰǫ́ ttą́ka) - rat; bda-ska (bdáska) - flat; iⁿ-chʰaⁿ-ka (įčʰą́ka), iⁿ-chʰoⁿ-ka (įčʰǫ́ka) - mouse; i-chʰoⁿ pa-zi-ta-da (įčʰǫ́ppazíttadá) - field mouse

► Dhegiha: iⁿ-choⁿ btha-xe (iⁿ-chóⁿ-btha-xe) - a flying squirrel [FL-Osage]; iⁿ-choⁿ bla-ghe (iⁿchóⁿ blághe) - flying squirrel [Kaw]

 

squirrel, fox squirrel

► siⁿ-ka zi (sį́ka zí) - fox squirrel

► cf. siⁿ-ka (sį́ka) - squirrel; zi (zi) - yellow

 

squirrel, gray squirrel

► siⁿ-ka xo-te (sį́ka xótte) - gray squirrel

► cf. siⁿ-ka (sį́ka) - squirrel; xo-te (xótte) - gray

► Dhegiha: siⁿ-ga xo-dse (çíⁿ-ga xo-dse) - gray squirrel [FL-Osage]

 

squirrel, ground squirrel

► he-ta (hétta) - ground squirrel

► cf. he-xthiⁿ (héqthiⁿ) - chipmunk, ground squirrel [Omaha/Ponca]; he-xthiⁿ (héxthiⁿ) - ground squirrel [Omaha]; he-xthi zhiⁿ-ga (hé-xthi zhiⁿ-ga) - little ground squirrel [FL-Osage]; he-xliⁿ zhiⁿ-ga (héxliⁿ zhíⁿga) - ground squirrel [Kaw]

 

squirt, spit on

► a-bi-xoⁿ (ábiγǫ) - squirt, spit on ► a-pi-xoⁿ (áppiγǫ) - I, a-shpi-xoⁿ (ášpiγǫ) - you

► cf. a (a) - on, upon; bi-xoⁿ (biγǫ́) - blow on something; o-bi-xoⁿ (obíγǫ) - blow into, inflate

► ex: ni a-bi-xoⁿ (ni ábiγǫ) - to squirt water on something from the mouth

► Dhegiha: a-bi-xaⁿ (á-bi-xaⁿ) - to blow on with the mouth [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: bi-xoⁿ (bixóⁿ) - blow, to blow, as at a fire [Omaha/Ponca]; bi-xaⁿ (bi-xáⁿ) - to blow at, as a fire [JOD-Omaha]; bi-xoⁿ (bi-xóⁿ) - to blow with the breath, to make a fire burn by blowing [FL-Osage]; pi-xaⁿ (píɣą) - blow as one’s nose, blow on something, blow into a fire, blow dust off a surface, blow a dandelion away in the wind, blow on a burnt finger to relieve pain [CQ-Osage]; bi-ghaⁿ (bigháⁿ) - blow on a fire to make it burn [Kaw]

 

stab or cut to shreds

► ba-za-za-te (bazázatte) - cut, stab to shreds ► pa-za-za-te (ppázazátte) - I, shpa-za-za-te (špázazátte) - you

► cf. ba (ba) - by pushing; bi-za-za-te (bizázatte) - split from pressure; da-za-za-te (dazázatte) - chew something to slivers; di-za-za-te (dizázatte) - pull to shreds; ka-za-za-te (kazázatte) - chop to pieces, slivers; naⁿ-za-za-te (nązázatte) - kick to pieces, splinters; pa-za-za-te (pázazátte) - split, shred, cut to splinters; po-za-za-te (pózazátte) - punch, shoot apart/to pieces

► Dhegiha: za-za-de (zazade) - ragged [Omaha]; za-za-de (zá-za-de) - extending apart, similar to the sticks of a fan, projecting in fanlike rays, etc. [JOD-Omaha]; i-thi-za-za-de (ithi zazade) - jagged [Omaha]; ga-za-za-de (ga-zá-za-de) - to hackle, as corn-husks; to tear clothing in shreds or strips [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: ga-za-za-be (ga-çá-ça-be) - to whip with a switch or a quirt; to thrash [FL-Osage]; ga-za-za-be (gazázabe) - beat a stick into slivers [Kaw]; ba-za-za-be (bazázabe) - push apart into slivers [Kaw]; ba-za-za-be (bázazábe) - cut to slivers with a knife [Kaw]; ya-za-za-be (yazázabe) - chew into slivers, chew to pieces [Kaw]; yu-za-za-be (yuzázabe) - twist to pieces; to twist a stick into slivers [Kaw]

 

stab repeatedly or cut to shreds

► ba-ste-ste (bastéste) - cut to shreds, stab repeatedly ► pa-ste-ste (ppásteste) - I, shpa-ste-ste (špásteste) - you

► cf. ba (ba) - by pushing; ba-ste (basté) - cut into, gash; bi-ste-ste (bistéste) - split repeatedly, shred; bi-ste (bisté) - split, gash; da-ste-ste (dásteste) - chew into slivers, split; da-ste (dasté) - split with teeth; di-ste (disté) - split, pull off string; di-ste-ste (distéste) - pull into shreds, slivers; ka-ste (kasté) - gash, split something; ka-ste-ste (kastéste) - cut or beat to shreds/slivers; naⁿ-ste-ste (nąstéste) - kick or tread to pieces; naⁿ-ste (nąsté) - kick a gash in something; pa-ste-ste (pásteste) - cut to slivers, split often; pa-ste (páste) - gash, cut with a knife blade; po-ste-ste (pósteste) - shoot or punch to slivers; po-ste (póste) - graze shooting and gash

► Dhegiha: ba-zne-zne (ba-s͓né-s͓ne) - fringe [JOD-Omaha]; ba-stse-stse-ge (bá-stse-stse-ge) - to cut skin or meat into many strips with a knife [FL-Osage]; ba-stse-stse-ge (báscescège) - gash the skin in many places using a blade [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ba-zne (ba-s͓né) - to slit the skin by pushing the hand against a splinter, or, by pushing the stick lengthwise along the hand, without penetrating the flesh [JOD-Omaha]; ba-stse-ge (bá-stse-ge) - to gash the skin with a knife [FL-Osage]; ba-stse-ge (bascége) - slit, cut by pushing [Kaw]; ba-stse-ge (báscege) - gash the skin with a knife [Kaw]

 

stab, pierce, perforate

► ba-xdo (baxdó), ba-xto (baxtó) - pierce, stab, perforate ► pa-xdo (ppáxdo) - I, shpa-xdo (špáxdo) - you

► cf. ka-xdo (kaxdó) - he got through [JOD]

► ex: naⁿ-ta ba-xto (nąttá baxtó) - perforations for earrings

► ex: pa ba-xto (ppá baxtó) - nose perforation for ring

► ex: i-ba-xdo (íbaxdo) - stuck in him [JOD]

► ex: wa-naⁿ-bde i-ba-xto (waną́bde íbaxto), wa-naⁿ-bdi-ba-xto (waną́bdibaxto) - fork, a table fork, lit. “something to stick food with”

► ex: i-ki-pa-xdo (íkkippaxdó) - stick or prick oneself

► ex: ke-naⁿ-ba-xdo (keną́baxdó), ki-ne-ba-xdo (kinébaxdó) - cactus plant

► ex: ho we-ba-xto (ho wébaxto) - fish spear

► ex: ma-ze we-ba-xto (máze wébaxto) - spear, war spear

► ex: wa-sa i-ba-xdo-xdo (wasá íbaxdoxdó) - small pieces of black bear meat roasted on sticks or spits [JOD]

► ex: o-po-xdo (opóxdo), o-po-kto (opókto) - shoot through something

► Dhegiha: ba-xthu (baxthu) - pierce [Omaha]; ba-xthu (ba-q¢ú) - to punch a hole, to pierce, to punch through [JOD-Omaha]; ba-xtho-ge (ba-xthó-ge) - to pierce, perforate, punch, make a hole in a piece of leather [FL-Osage]; ba-xlo-ge (baxlóge) - pierce, impale, hold with a fork [Kaw]

 

stable, barn

► shoⁿ-ke-a-kniⁿ o-ti (šǫ́keáknį ottí) - stable, barn, “house for horses”

► cf. shoⁿ-ke a-kniⁿ (šǫ́ke áknį) - horse; o-ti (ottí) - house for, house of, house to

► Dhegiha: shoⁿ-ge ti (shoⁿge ti) - horse barn [Omaha]; ʰka-wa ʰtsi (ḳá-wa ṭsi) - stable [FL-Osage]; shoⁿ-ge tsi (shóⁿge cí) - barn, stable [Kaw]

 

stack, haystack

► ma-hiⁿ stode (mahį́ stóde) - haystack

► cf. ma-hiⁿ (mahį́) - grass; sto-de (stóde) - collect, heap, pile, gather; pe-zhe xda-he sto-de (ppežé xdáhe stóde) - wheat stack

► Dhegiha: ma-hiⁿ (ma-híⁿ) - brush or weeds [Omaha/Ponca]; moⁿ-hiⁿ (moⁿ-híⁿ) - grass [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-hiⁿ (mąąhį́) - grass, hay [CQ-Osage]; maⁿ-hiⁿ (maⁿhíⁿ) - grass, weeds [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ni-ka stu-wa-the (níkastuwathe) - the gatherer, personal name [Omaha/Ponca]; ni-ʰka stu-e (ní-ḳa-çtu-e) - gathering of men, personal name [FL-Osage]; thi-stu-the (thi-çtú-the) - gathered in folds [FL-Osage]; sto-the shu (çto-thé shu) - gathered them together [FL-Osage]

 

stack, wheat stack

► pe-zhe xda-he sto-de (ppežé xdáhe stóde) - wheat stack

► cf. pe-zhe xta (ppéžexta) - wheat, flour; sto-de (stóde) - collect, heap, pile, gather; ma-hiⁿ stode (mahį́ stóde) - haystack

► Dhegiha: pe-zhe (pézhe) - grass [Omaha/Ponca]; ʰpe-zhe (p̣é-zhe) - grass or hay; weeds [FL-Osage]; ʰpe-zhe (ʰpéže) - weed; sage, sage brush [CQ-Osage]; pe-zhe (pézhe), pe-zhi (pézhi) - hay, weeds, grass [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: xtha (xtha) - blossom [Omaha]; xtha (xtha) - blossoms of any kind [FL-Osage]; xla (xla) - flower, bud on a tree [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ni-ka stu-wa-the (níkastuwathe) - the gatherer, personal name [Omaha/Ponca]; ni-ʰka stu-e (ní-ḳa-çtu-e) - gathering of men, personal name [FL-Osage]; thi-stu-the (thi-çtú-the) - gathered in folds [FL-Osage]; sto-the shu (çto-thé shu) - gathered them together [FL-Osage]

 

staff, peyote staff

► maⁿ ste-te (mą́ stétte) - medicine arrow, peyote staff

► maⁿ ste-te (mâⁿ stä te) - medicine arrow, this is not the best “arrow” in the tribe which is of different type, this was made by the Delaware but has been in use among the Quapaw, the “arrow” is the most important article used in the mescal (peyote) ceremony, and the hardest to get, I could not get the symbolism, from John Beaver [MH]

► cf. maⁿ (mą) - arrow; ste-te (stétte) - tall, long

► Dhegiha: moⁿ (moⁿ) - arrow [Omaha/Ponca]; moⁿ (moⁿ) - arrow [Omaha]; maⁿ (maⁿ) - an arrow [JOD-Omaha]; moⁿ (moⁿ) - an arrow [FL-Osage]; maⁿ (mą́), moⁿ (mǫ́) - arrow; staff used at peyote meetings [CQ-Osage]; maⁿ (maⁿ) - arrow [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: zne-de (zné-de) - long [Omaha/Ponca]; sne-de (çnede) - long [Omaha]; sne-de (sne-dé) - long, tall [JOD-Omaha]; stse-dse (stse-dsé), ste-ʰtse (ste-ṭse), stse-e (stse-e), ste-e (ste-e) - tall, long [FL-Osage]; stse-tse (scéce), stse (scé) - tall, long [CQ-Osage]; stse-je (scéje) - long, tall [Kaw]

 

stagger

► ga-hi-na-na (gahínana), ka-hi-na-na (kahínana) - stagger ► ga-he-a-na-na (gahéanana) - I, ga-hi-da-na-na (gahídanana) - you

 

► ta-kiⁿ-kiⁿ (ttakkį́kkį) - stagger ► a-ta-kiⁿ-kiⁿ (attákkįkkį́) - I, da-ta-kiⁿ-kiⁿ (dattákkįkkį́) - you

► cf. di-ta-kiⁿ-kiⁿ (dittakkį́kkį) - pull off balance

► Dhegiha: ta-kʰiⁿ-kʰiⁿ (tákʰiⁿkʰiⁿ) - to stagger or totter when walking on a secure foundation [Omaha/Ponca]; ta-kiⁿ-kiⁿ (tákiⁿkiⁿ) - stagger [Omaha]

 

stairway, ladder

► i-da-ta-kde (idáttakde) - ladder, stairway

► hi-da-ta-kde (hidáttakde) - ladder [JOD]

► cf. a-kde (akdé) - put; set a standing or perpendicular object upright upon a surface or within something which supports it, as in pitching a tent, placing a candle on a table, etc.; o-kde (okdé) - put lengthwise, to stand

► ex: hi-da-ta-kde o-ha de (hidáttakde óha dé) - she ascended the ladder [JOD]

 

stalk, cornstalk

► wa-tʰaⁿ-zi hi (watʰą́zi hí) - cornstalk

► cf. wa-tʰaⁿ-ze (watʰą́ze), wa-tʰo-zi (watʰózi) - corn; hi (hi) - stalk, tree, bush, vine, leg

► Dhegiha: wa-toⁿ-zi hiu (wa-tóⁿ-çi-hiu) - cornstalks [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: wa-tʰaⁿ-zi (watáⁿzi) - corn [JOD-Omaha]; wa-toⁿ-zi (watoⁿçi) - corn [Omaha]; wa-toⁿ-zi (wa-tóⁿ-çi) - corn [FL-Osage]; wa-txa-zu (watxázu) - dried corn, preparation of dried corn soup [CQ-Osage]; wa-kho-ze (wakhóze), wa-kho-zu (wakhózu), wa-thoⁿ-zu (wathóⁿzu) - corn of any kind [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: hi (hi) - stalk, stem, trunk, leg [Omaha/Ponca]; hi (hi) - tree trunk, plant stalk, plant vine, leg [Omaha]; hi (hi), hiu (hiu) - trunk of a tree, vines, stalks of plants, a leg [FL-Osage]; hu (hú), hiu (hiú), hi (hi) - trunk, stalk, leg [CQ-Osage]; hu (hu) - trunk of a tree, vine, limb, leg [Kaw]

 

► o-we wa-hi (ówe wahí) - cornstalk

► cf. o-we (ówe) - field, corn field; wa-hi (wahí) - cornstalk; hi (hi) - stalk, tree, bush, vine, leg; o-we a-pe (ówe ápe) - corn blade; o-we sa-ki (owésakí) - dried corn; o-we xda (ówe xdá) - corn blossom

► Dhegiha: u-we (uwe) - field, cornfield [Omaha]; u-we (ú-we) - field [FL-Osage]; o-we (ówe) - greens, vegetables, produce, groceries, garden, cultivated area, field planted for harvest [CQ-Osage]; o-we (owé) - food carried in bags for travel; lunch, snack; corn and squashes in bags, such as the warriors carried when they started on the war path [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: hi (hi) - stalk, stem, trunk, leg [Omaha/Ponca]; hi (hi) - tree trunk, plant stalk, plant vine, leg [Omaha]; hi (hi), hiu (hiu) - trunk of a tree, vines, stalks of plants, a leg [FL-Osage]; hu (hú), hiu (hiú), hi (hi) - trunk, stalk, leg [CQ-Osage]; hu (hu) - trunk of a tree, vine, limb, leg [Kaw]

 

► wa-hi (wahí) - cornstalk

► cf. hi (hi) - stalk, tree, bush, vine, leg; o-we wa-hi (ówe wahí) - corn stalk

► Dhegiha: hi (hi) - stalk, stem, trunk, leg [Omaha/Ponca]; hi (hi) - tree trunk, plant stalk, plant vine, leg [Omaha]; hi (hi), hiu (hiu) - trunk of a tree, vines, stalks of plants, a leg [FL-Osage]; hu (hú), hiu (hiú), hi (hi) - trunk, stalk, leg [CQ-Osage]; hu (hu) - trunk of a tree, vine, limb, leg [Kaw]

 

stalk, tree, bush, vine, leg

► hi (hi) - stalk, tree, bush, vine, leg

► hi (hi) - stalk, trunk of tree [FS]

► ex: wa-tʰaⁿ-zi hi (watʰą́zi hí) - cornstalk

► ex: xoⁿ-te hi (xǫttéhi) - cedar tree

► ex: wa-xe-ka hi (waxéka hi) - blackberry bush

► ex: pa-shte-ka hi (paštéka hi) - strawberry vine

► Dhegiha: hi (hi) - stalk, stem, trunk, leg [Omaha/Ponca]; hi (hi) - tree trunk, plant stalk, plant vine, leg [Omaha]; hi (hi), hiu (hiu) - trunk of a tree, vines, stalks of plants, a leg [FL-Osage]; hu (hú), hiu (hiú), hi (hi) - trunk, stalk, leg [CQ-Osage]; hu (hu) - trunk of a tree, vine, limb, leg [Kaw]

 

stallion

► shoⁿ ni-ka (šǫ níkka) - stallion, male horse

► ni-ka shoⁿ-ke-a-kniⁿ (nikkah-schundaghenih) - stallion, stud (étalon) [GI]

► Dhegiha: shoⁿ-ge shoⁿ-de u-tha-s’iⁿ (shóⁿge shóⁿde uthás’iⁿ) - stallion, “horse with scrotum and testicles” [Omaha/Ponca]; shoⁿ-ge nu-ga (shoⁿge nuga) - stallion [Omaha]; ʰka-wa do-ga (ḳá-wa do-ga) - stallion [FL-Osage]; shoⁿ-ge doⁿ-ga (shóⁿgedoⁿga) - stallion [Kaw]

 

stand

► na-zhiⁿ (nažį́) - stand ► a-na-zhiⁿ (anážį) - I, da-na-zhiⁿ (danážį) - you, oⁿ-na-zhiⁿ-we (ǫnážįwe) - we

► na-zhiⁿ (nažį́) - standing [OM]

► ex: a-na-zhiⁿ a-tʰaⁿ-he (anážį atʰąhé) - I am standing up (now) [ASG]

► ex: a-da-ka-xdi-we da-na-zhiⁿ na-ha (ádakaxdíwe danážį nahá) - beware lest you stand gazing on it!

► ex: na-zhiⁿ a-taⁿ xa-ke koⁿ-ze tʰaⁿ (nažį́-attą́ γaké kǫzé tʰą) - he stood/and/to cry/pretend/the standing one [JOD]

► ex: ti-zhe ti hi na-zhiⁿ a-taⁿ xa-ke koⁿ-ze tʰaⁿ naⁿ i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (ttíže-ttí-hi nažį́-attą́ γaké kǫzé tʰą ną́ iyá maštįke) - the rabbit arrived to the entrance of the lodge and stood there, pretending cry, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: na-zhiⁿ tʰaⁿ (nažį́ tʰą) - he stood/the standing (he sttod or was standning) [JOD]

► ex: o-skaⁿ-skaⁿ hi na-zhiⁿ tʰaⁿ (oską́ską hi nažį́ tʰą) - he stood in the middle, he was standing in the middle [JOD]

► ex: na-zhiⁿ ni-he (nažį́ nihé) - stand up!

► ex: a-na-zhiⁿ (ánažį) - stand upon

► ex: i-na-zhiⁿ (ínažį) - stand by, support or aid someone

► ex: ki-na-zhiⁿ (kínažį) - stand with reference to another

► ex: o-na-zhiⁿ (ónažį) - stand in a place

► Dhegiha: na-zhiⁿ (nazhíⁿ) - stand, continue [Omaha/Ponca]; na-zhiⁿ (na-jíⁿ) - to stand; to continue doing any thing [JOD-Omaha]; noⁿ-zhiⁿ (noⁿzhiⁿ) - get up, arise, standing, rise up [Omaha]; noⁿ-zhiⁿ (noⁿ-zhiⁿ) - to rise or stand; stood [FL-Osage]; naⁿ-zhiⁿ (nąąžį́) - stand, be standing; stand up, get up; terminate ongoing activity preparatory to departing; stop, cause to stop, halt, detain someone who is passing by [CQ-Osage]; na-zhiⁿ (nazhíⁿ), naⁿ-zhiⁿ (naⁿzhíⁿ) - stand, stand up [Kaw]

 

stand by, support or aid someone

► i-na-zhiⁿ (ínažį) - stand by, support or aid someone ► i-da-na-zhiⁿ (idánažį́) - I, i-da-na-zhiⁿ (ídanážį) - you

► cf. na-zhiⁿ (nažį́) - stand; a-na-zhiⁿ (ánažį) - stand upon; a-ki-na-zhiⁿ (ákinážį) - stand on one’s own; ki-na-zhiⁿ (kínažį) - stand with reference to another; o-na-zhiⁿ (ónažį) - stand in a place

► ex: i-di-na-zhiⁿ (ídinážį) - to stand by you, to depend on [JOD]

► ex: “i-di-na-zhiⁿ di-taⁿ i-bniⁿ-aⁿ taⁿ i-ye aⁿ-ta-zho-zhi de,” i-yi i-ya maⁿ-tʰo (“ídinážį dittą́ íbnį́ą tą́ íye ą́ttažóži dé,” iyí iyá mątʰó) - “I think that you speak so improperly to me on account of you depending on someone to help you,” it is said Grizzly bear said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: e-na-zhiⁿ (énazhiⁿ) - to stand by another who needs protection; to aid one who needs food, etc. [Omaha/Ponca]; we-na-zhiⁿ (wénazhiⁿ) - to stand by or defend one who is a stranger, not a friend or kinsman; to stand by or defend them; neither friends nor kinsmen [Omaha/Ponca]

► Dhegiha: na-zhiⁿ (nazhíⁿ) - stand, continue [Omaha/Ponca]; na-zhiⁿ (na-jíⁿ) - to stand; to continue doing any thing [JOD-Omaha]; noⁿ-zhiⁿ (noⁿzhiⁿ) - get up, arise, standing, rise up [Omaha]; noⁿ-zhiⁿ (noⁿ-zhiⁿ) - to rise or stand; stood [FL-Osage]; naⁿ-zhiⁿ (nąąžį́) - stand, be standing; stand up, get up; terminate ongoing activity preparatory to departing; stop, cause to stop, halt, detain someone who is passing by [CQ-Osage]; na-zhiⁿ (nazhíⁿ), naⁿ-zhiⁿ (naⁿzhíⁿ) - stand, stand up [Kaw]

 

stand in a group

► sto-de hi naⁿ-zhiⁿ (stodé hi nąžį́) - stand in a group

► cf. sto-de (stóde) - collect, heap, pile, gather; sto-de hi (stodé hi) - collected in a heap, grouped; na-zhiⁿ (nažį́) - stand

► Dhegiha: ni-ka stu-wa-the (níkastuwathe) - the gatherer, personal name [JOD-Omaha]; thi-stu-the (thi-çtú-the) - gathered in folds [FL-Osage]; sto-the shu (çto-thé shu) - gathered them together [FL-Osage]; ni-ʰka stu-e (ní-ḳa-çtu-e) - gathering of men, personal name [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: na-zhiⁿ (nazhíⁿ) - stand, continue [Omaha/Ponca]; na-zhiⁿ (na-jíⁿ) - to stand; to continue doing any thing [JOD-Omaha]; noⁿ-zhiⁿ (noⁿzhiⁿ) - get up, arise, standing, rise up [Omaha]; noⁿ-zhiⁿ (noⁿ-zhiⁿ) - to rise or stand; stood [FL-Osage]; naⁿ-zhiⁿ (nąąžį́) - stand, be standing; stand up, get up; terminate ongoing activity preparatory to departing; stop, cause to stop, halt, detain someone who is passing by [CQ-Osage]; na-zhiⁿ (nazhíⁿ), naⁿ-zhiⁿ (naⁿzhíⁿ) - stand, stand up [Kaw]

 

stand in a place

► o-na-zhiⁿ (ónažį) - stand in a place ► o-a-na-zhiⁿ (oánažį) - I, o-da-na-zhiⁿ (odánažį) - you, oⁿ-ko-na-zhiⁿ (ǫkónažį́we) - we

► cf. na-zhiⁿ (nažį́) - stand; sto-de hi naⁿ-zhiⁿ (stodé hi nąžį́) - stand in a group; a-na-zhiⁿ (ánažį) - stand upon; iⁿ-ka-bde a-na-zhiⁿ (įkábde anážį) - Lovers Leap near Quapaw, OK; a-na-zhiⁿ (ánažį) - floor; a-ki-na-zhiⁿ (ákinážį) - stand on one’s own; ki-na-zhiⁿ (kínažį) - stand with reference to another; ni-a-ki-na-zhiⁿ (niákinážį) - have duty of fetching water; i-na-zhiⁿ (ínažį) - stand by, support or aid someone

► Dhegiha: u-na-zhiⁿ (unájiⁿ) - to stand in [JOD-Omaha]; u-noⁿ-zhi (u-noⁿ-zhi) - standing in; stand in the midst of [FL-Osage]; o-naⁿ-zhiⁿ (oną́ąžį) - stand in there, get in or stay in there, as in a room or place, attend, wear or put on [CQ-Osage]; o-na-zhiⁿ (onázhiⁿ), o-naⁿ-zhi (onáⁿzhi) - to stand in or inside [Kaw]

 

stand on one’s own

► a-ki-na-zhiⁿ (ákinážį) - stand on one’s own

► cf. a (a) - on, upon; ki (ki) - one’s own; na-zhiⁿ (nažį́) - stand

► ex: a-ki-na-zhiⁿ (ákinážį) - he trod on his own [JOD]

► ex: maⁿ-te kʰe a-ki-na-zhiⁿ a-taⁿ i-ki-kaⁿ-de niⁿ i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-zhiⁿ-ke niⁿ (mą́tte kʰe ákinážį attą íkikką́de nį́ iyá maštį́ke ežį́ke nį) - and the Rabbit’s son was stringing his bow, it is said (when the bow is strung, it is bent with the foot, and the string put on the other end) [JOD]

► Dhegiha: a-gi-na-zhiⁿ (áginazhíⁿ) - to stand on his own land, etc.; to stand between his own friend and the foe; to stand by his own friend or relation

 

stand something up, singular/standing/inanimate

► i-tʰe-de (itʰéde) - stand something up, singular/standing/inanimate ► i-tʰe-a-de (itʰéadé) - I, i-tʰe-da-de (itʰédadé) - you

► ex: ti-ze a-ka-spe zhi-ka i-tʰe-de (ttižé ákaspe žíka itʰéde) - to shut the door a little

► ex: ti-zhe a-ka-spe zhi-ka i-tʰe-da (ttižé ákaspe jíka itʰedá) - shut the door a little!

► ex: a-ba-xda-te i-tʰe-de (ábaxdátte itʰéde) - he stuck it into the hair/he put the standing object [JOD]

► ex: ni-shki-ta a-ba-xda-te i-tʰe-de (niškítta ábaxdátte itʰéde) - he stuck it (the pin) into his hair (upright on the back of his head) [JOD]

► ex: a-di-kʰaⁿ i-tʰe-de (ádikʰą itʰéde) - pull over a singular/standing/inanimate object; make an upright object lean by pulling it

► ex: a-kʰaⁿ i-tʰe-de (ákʰą itʰéde) - set up a movable object so that it leans against something

► ex: a-ki-di-te-te i-tʰe-de (ákkidittette itʰéde) - to place a number of objects so that they cross one another

► ex: a-ki-kda-ska i-tʰe-de (ákkikdáska itʰéde) - put two standing, inanimate objects so their ends touch

► ex: a-ki-ki-kde i-tʰe-de (ákkikkíkde itʰéde) - put two standing, inanimate objects so their ends touch

► ex: a-ki-k’oⁿ-he i-tʰe-de (ákkikʔǫ́he itʰéde) - put horizontal (lying) things in a pile; here the first verb denotes the horizontality of the objects and the second the perpendicularity of the pile

► ex: a-ki-sto-de i-tʰe-de (ákkistóde itʰéde) - pile up, make a heap

► ex: a-ki-ze-ze i-tʰe-de (ákkizéze itʰéde) - pile up many flat objects one on another, such as books

► ex: a-shi-ti i-tʰe-de (ášitti itʰéde) - outside of the lodge/he piled it [JOD]

► ex: k’iⁿ kʰi taⁿ a-shi-ti i-tʰe-de naⁿ, i-ya (kʔį́ kʰíttą ášitti itʰéde ną iyá) - when he reached home carrying (the meat) on his back, he piled it outside (the lodge), it is said [JOD]

► ex: a-toⁿ-wi-tʰe-de (áttǫwitʰéde) - put standing/inanimate object down carefully

► ex: bda-bda i-tʰe-de (bdabdá itʰéde) - pull up on the long end, as a plank

► ex: bda-ska i-tʰe-de (bdáska itʰéde) - pull something upright on short end

► ex: na-xnaⁿ i-tʰe-de (naxną́ itʰéde) - hide singular/standing/inanimate or collection

► ex: sto-de i-tʰe-de (stodé itʰéde) - collect small objects in a group

► Dhegiha: i-tʰe-the (itʰéthe) - to put or place, make stand: usually applied to objects standing on end, as barrels; to put many small things in one pile or heap [Omaha/Ponca]; i-tse-the (i-tsé-the) - to place with someone for safe keeping; to put down something erect [FL-Osage]; i-che-ye (ichéye) - put down a standing/inanimate object or pile of objects [Kaw]

 

stand upon

► a-na-zhiⁿ (ánažį) - stand upon

► a-na-zhiⁿ (ánažį) - floor

► cf. a (a) - on, upon; na-zhiⁿ (nažį́) - stand

► ex: a-na-zhiⁿ kʰe (ánažį kʰe) - the floor

► Dhegiha: a-na-zhiⁿ (ánazhiⁿ) - to stand on any object; to stand by some one [Omaha/Ponca]; a-noⁿ-zhiⁿ (á-noⁿ-zhiⁿ) - to stand on [FL-Osage]; a-naⁿ-zhiⁿ (ánąąžį) - stand on top of, be superior to in some quality; step on, step in [CQ-Osage]; a-na-zhiⁿ (ánazhiⁿ), a-no-zhiⁿ (ánozhiⁿ) - stand on something; step on something [Kaw]

 

stand with knees apart

► ka-bda-zhe (kabdáže) - spread, stand with knees apart ► aⁿ-bda-zhe (ą́bdaže) - I, di-a-bda-zhe (diábdaže) - you

► cf. a-ka-bda-zhe (ákabdaže) - straddle something

► Dhegiha: ga-btha-zhe (gabtházhe) - spread open, as the legs; to straddle [Omaha/Ponca]; ga-bla-zhe (gablázhe) - straddle something [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ga-btha-zhe gthiⁿ (ga-bthá-zhe gthiⁿ) - to sit Turk fashion, as a tailor [FL-Osage]; ga-bla-zhe liⁿ (gablázhe liⁿ) - sit with legs apart [Kaw]

 

stand with reference to another

► ki-na-zhiⁿ (kínažį) - stand with reference to another ► a-ki-na-zhiⁿ (akínažį) - I, da-ki-na-zhiⁿ (dakínažį) - you

► cf. na-zhiⁿ (nažį́) - stand

► Dhegiha: gi-na-zhiⁿ (gí-na-jiⁿ) - to stand for another, as a kinsman [JOD-Omaha]

 

stand, make one’s hair stand on end

► ki-kdi-sha-k’a (kkikdíšakʔa) - make one’s hair stand on end ► a-ki-kdi-sha-k’a (akkíkdišakʔa) - I, da-ki-kdi-sha-k’a (dakkíkdišakʔa) - you

► cf. di-sha-k’a (dišakʔá) - bristle up, cause by handling

 

stand, put lengthwise to stand

► o-kde (okdé) - put lengthwise, to stand ► o-a-kde (oákde) - I, o-da-kde (ódakde) - you, oⁿ-ko-kda-we (ǫkókdawe) - we

► cf. a-kde (akdé) - put or set a standing or perpendicular object upright upon a surface or within something which supports it, as in pitching a tent, placing a candle on a table, etc.

► Dhegiha: u-gthe (ug¢é) - put in [JOD-Omaha]; u-gthe (ugthé) - an upright stand or receptacle; the part of a bean or pea where it joins the pod [Omaha/Ponca]; u-gthe (u-gthé) - a socket, to use as supports for [FL-Osage]; o-le (olé) - put a standing/inanimate object into something [Kaw]

 

standing, at the standing objects

► ke-ti (kettí) - at the plural inanimate objects; at the many [JOD]

► cf. ke (ke) - the plural/standing/animate or plural/standing/inanimate; ti (tti) - at, by, in; locative

► ex: ti-kde ke-ti (ttikdé ke-tti) - lodges/at the many [JOD]

► ex: wa-sa ti-kde ke-ti hi naⁿ (wasá ttikdé ke-tti hi ną) - when he arrived to the black bear village [JOD]

► ex: ti-kde ke-ti (ttikdé ke-tti) - lodges/at the plural inanimate objects [JOD]

► ex: wa-sa ti-kde ke-ti hi taⁿ (wasá ttikdé ke-tti hi tą) - when he arrived to the black bear lodges [JOD]

 

standing, by those standing objects

► she-ke-ti (šekétti) - by those standing objects

► she-ke-ti (šekétti) - by yonder things [JOD]

► cf. she-ke (šéke) - those non-singular/standing/animate or inanimate objects; ti (tti) - at, by, in; locative

► ex: she-ke-ti kniⁿ! (šekétti knį́!) - sit over there! [JOD]

 

standing, from what singular/standing/inanimate or collection/inanimate

► ho-wa-tʰe-ta-tʰaⁿ (hówatʰettátʰą) - from what singular/standing/inanimate or collection/inanimate, nearby

 

► ho-wa-tʰe-ti-tʰaⁿ (hówatʰettítʰą) - from what singular/standing/invisible or collection/inanimate, far away

► ex: ho-wa-tʰe-ti (hówatʰétti) - at or by what collection of inanimate objects [JOD]

► ex: “ho-wa-tʰe-ti t’e-da-i te i-te i-da-ki-de te,” i-ye niⁿ i-ya wa-x’o zhi-ka niⁿ (“hówatʰétti tʔédai tté-itte idákide tté,” iyé nį iyá waxʔóžíka nį) - the old woman said, “wherever they may have killed him, I will seek him,” it is said (they say) [JOD]

 

standing, he or she was standing so awhile

► kaⁿ-tʰaⁿ (ką-tʰą́) - he was standing so awhile; so he stood awhile [JOD]

► kaⁿ-iⁿ tʰaⁿ (ką́į tʰą́) - she stood so awhile [JOD]

► cf. koⁿ (kǫ), kaⁿ (ką) - so, as, since; tʰaⁿ (tʰą) - the standing/animate; continuative auxiliary, singular/standing/animate

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ e-taⁿ-niⁿ kda-i ke-ni-te ka-ki niⁿ e-taⁿ-niⁿ kʰi a-taⁿ we-da-niⁿ shi-ke he-naⁿ i-da-ki-kda-niⁿ a-taⁿ kaⁿ-tʰaⁿ taⁿ ki-we (kóišǫ́ttą ettą́nį kdá-i kenitté kaki nį ettą́nį kʰí áttą wédanį šíke héną idákikdánį áttą ką-tʰą́ tą kíwe) - then they (her step-sisters) started home first, although she arrived home first, before them (her step-sisters), and she put on her bad clothes and was there awhile when they (her step-sisters) reached home [JOD]

► ex: e sh’a-ke niⁿ-kʰe ki-ta-ni taⁿ e-zhaⁿ-ke e-ta taⁿ kaⁿ-tʰaⁿ (e šʔáke nįkʰé kitáni tą ežą́ke ettá tą ką-tʰą́) - he, the old man sat smoking, while his daughter stood [JOD]

► ex: she-mi e-zhi ke hi taⁿ wa-hiⁿ-ska ho-taⁿ kʰe za-ni di-za-i taⁿ wa-haⁿ-niⁿ-ke taⁿ e-naⁿ kaⁿ-tʰaⁿ (šémi éži ke hí tą wahį́ska hóttą kʰe zaní dizá-i tą wahą́nįké tą eną́ ką-tʰą) - when the other girls arrived, they took all the good calico, the orphan just stood there alone [JOD]

► ex: e-ti e-naⁿ-hi kaⁿ-tʰaⁿ tʰaⁿ ta-bde de naⁿ (étti enąhí ką-tʰą́ tʰą tábde dé ną) - she was there alone, when he went hunting [JOD]

► ex: e-ti-tʰaⁿ ta-bde kaⁿ-tʰaⁿ naⁿ ni-ka wi-ta, pa-ze de taⁿ kdi kaⁿ-tʰaⁿ naⁿ, e-ti-tʰaⁿ ti-a-zhi hi ha-t’e zho-ka-te a-ta-ha (ettítʰą tábde ką-tʰą́ ną níkka wittá, ppáze dé tą kdí ką-tʰą́ ną, ettítʰą ttiąži hí hatʔé žókkatte attahá) - then my husband had been hunting, he returned after dark, then shortly after that he became sick with a severe fever [JOD]

 

standing, set a standing or perpendicular object upright upon a surface

► a-kde (akdé) - put; set a standing or perpendicular object upright upon a surface or within something which supports it, as in pitching a tent, placing a candle on a table, etc. ► a-a-kde (áakdé) - I, a-da-kde (ádakdé) - you, oⁿ-ka-kda-we (ǫkákdawe) - we

► cf. o-kde (okdé) - put lengthwise, to stand

► ex: ma-shoⁿ a-a-kde (mášǫ áakde) - I stick a feather upright (in my hair)

► ex: a-shi a-kde (aši akde) - to set an object on top of something else

► ex: siⁿ-te a-kde (sį́tte ákde) - to wear a tail in the belt, ballplayers evidently did this

► ex: wa-kde sa i-niⁿ-ha a-kde pa naⁿ (wákde sá inįhá ákde pa ną́) - they wore (a) black feather on the head too [JOD]

► Dhegiha: a-gthe (ágthe) - to stand a perpendicular object on something else which serves as a foundation [Omaha/Ponca]; a-gthe (á-g¢e) - place upright on [JOD-Omaha]; a-gthe (á-gthe) - to place on top of another in an upright position [FL-Osage]; a-le (ále), a-dle (ádle) - place an item upright on another item, set on [CQ-Osage]; a-le (ále) - stand a perpendicular object, such as a candlestick, on a surface [Kaw]

 

standing, that remote singular/standing/visible/animate

► ko-i-tʰaⁿ (kóitʰą) - that remote singular/standing/visible/animate

► ko-i-tʰaⁿ (kóitʰą) - that [ASG]

► cf. ko-i (kói) - that, it, there; tʰaⁿ (tʰą) - the standing/animate; continuative auxiliary, singular/standing/animate

► ex: shoⁿ-ke ko-i-tʰaⁿ (šǫ́ke kóitʰą) - that dog [ASG]

 

standing, that remote singular/standing/visible/inanimate

► ko-i-tʰe (kóitʰe) - that remote singular/standing/visible/inanimate

► cf. ko-i (kói) - that, there; tʰe (tʰe) - the singular/standing/inanimate; the collection/inanimate; the act, past, completive aspect

► ex: wa-tʰe a-bi-saⁿ-te ko-i-tʰe di-ha-knaⁿ da (watʰé ábisątte kóitʰe dihákną dá) - go iron your (that) dress! [AG]

 

standing, that singular/standing/animate object coming on this side

► to-ta-hi-de-tʰaⁿ (tótahídetʰą́) - that singular/standing/animate object coming, on this side

► cf. to-ta (tóta) - on this side; hi (hi) - arrive, reach there, have been; come, be coming here, not own; tʰaⁿ (tʰą) - the standing/animate; continuative auxiliary, singular/standing/animate

► Dhegiha: du-da (dúda), du-a (dúa)  - on this side and nearer this place; hither [JOD-Omaha]; do-da (dó-da) - in this direction [FL-Osage]; do-da (dóda) - this way, the one on this side; the one who is present [Kaw]

 

standing, that singular/standing/animate object on this side

► to-ta-tʰaⁿ (tótatʰą́) - that singular/standing/animate object on this side

► cf. to-ta (tóta) - on this side; tʰaⁿ (tʰą) - the standing/animate; continuative auxiliary, singular/standing/animate

► Dhegiha: du-da-tʰaⁿ (dú-da-taⁿ), du-a-tʰaⁿ (dú-a-taⁿ) - the an. ob. std. on this side of (a place) [JOD-Omaha]; du-da-toⁿ (dú-da toⁿ) - the one standing on this side [FL-Osage]

 

standing, that singular/standing/animate object on this side of a place he has reached

► to-hi-tʰoⁿ (tóhitʰǫ) - that singular/standing/animate object on this side of a place he has reached

► cf. hi (hi) - arrive, reach there, have been; come, be coming here, not own; tʰaⁿ (tʰą) - the standing/animate; continuative auxiliary, singular/standing/animate

► Dhegiha: do (do) - in this direction, toward here; that one, the one over there; this one, the one over here [Kaw]

 

standing, that singular/standing/animate, yonder

► ko-ta-tʰaⁿ (kótatʰą) - that singular/standing/animate, yonder

► cf. ko-ta (kóta) - yonder; tʰaⁿ (tʰą) - the standing/animate; continuative auxiliary, singular/standing/animate

► Dhegiha: go-da toⁿ (gó-da toⁿ) - that person standing yonder [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: go-da (gó-da) - ahead [FL-Osage]; ko-ta (kóota) - that yonder, that over there; the farther one, in space or time [CQ-Osage]; go-da (góda) - yonder [Kaw]

 

standing, that singular/standing/inanimate or collection

► ko-wa-tʰe (kówatʰe) - that singular/standing/inanimate or collection

► cf. ko-wa (kówa) - yonder, further; tʰe (tʰe) - the singular/standing/inanimate; the collection/inanimate; the act, past, completive aspect

► ex: ko-wa-tʰe (kówatʰe) - yonder pile [JOD]

► ex: ko-wa-tʰe toⁿ-wa!” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (kówatʰe tǫwá!” iyí iyá maštį́ke) - Look at that pile (of fat meat) over there!” it is said Rabbit said [JOD]

 

standing, that singular/standing/invisible/animate

► ka-tʰaⁿ (kátʰą) - that singular/standing/invisible/animate

► cf. ka (ká) - that [JOD]; tʰaⁿ (tʰą) - the standing/animate; continuative auxiliary, singular/standing/animate

► ex: o! ka-tʰaⁿ wa-zhiⁿ de-da-zhi hi e-de, i-ye a-ta-ha (o! kátʰą wažį́ dédaži hi edé, íye attahá) - pshaw! I have sure enough lost my patience with him, he talks too much [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ga-tʰoⁿ (gátʰoⁿ) - that standing animate object [Omaha/Ponca]

 

standing, that standing/visible/animate

► she-tʰaⁿ (šétʰą) - that standing/visible/animate

► cf. she (shé) - that [JOD]; tʰaⁿ (tʰą) - the standing/animate; continuative auxiliary, singular/standing/animate

► Dhegiha: she-toⁿ (shé-toⁿ) - that one standing [FL-Osage]; she-txaⁿ (šée txą) - that one standing (animate) [CQ-Osage]

 

standing, the plural/standing/animate or plural/standing/inanimate

► ke (ke) - the plural/standing/animate or plural/standing/inanimate

► ex: ke-ta (kettá) - to the many [JOD]

► ex: ke-ti (kettí) - at the plural inanimate objects; at the many [JOD]

► ex: mi-zhi-ka e-zhi ke (mižíka éži ke) - girl/other/the plural [JOD]

► ex: mi-zhi-ka e-zhi ke (mižíka éži ke) - the other girls

► ex: she-mi e-zhi ke (šémi éži ke) - girl/other/the plural [JOD]

► ex: she-mi e-zhi ke hi taⁿ wa-hiⁿ-ska ho-taⁿ kʰe za-ni di-za-i taⁿ wa-haⁿ-niⁿ-ke taⁿ e-naⁿ kaⁿ-tʰaⁿ (šémi éži ke hí tą wahį́ska hóttą kʰe zaní dizá-i tą wahą́nįké tą eną́ ką-tʰą) - when the other girls arrived, they took all the good calico, the orphan just stood there alone [JOD]

► ex: i-maⁿ ke (imą́ ke) - other one/the standing animate objects [JOD]

► ex: e-shoⁿ i-maⁿ ke da-bniⁿ za-ni t’e-wa-de naⁿ, i-ya (ešǫ́ imą́ ke dábnį zaní tʔéwade ną, iyá) - then he (Rabbit) killed all three of the others, it is said [JOD]

► ex: ti-kde ke (ttíkde ké) - dwelt/the standing animate objects [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ wa-she-xti zho-ki-kde ti-kde ke naⁿ, i-ya (kóišǫ́ wašé-xti žókikde ttíkde ké ną, iyá) - and then they lived very prosperously together, it is said [JOD]

► ex: she-mi ke (šémi ke) - girl/the plural [JOD]

► ex: ex: iⁿ-ta-te, da-knoⁿ-ke koⁿ-bda, she-mi ke a-wa-ki-shka-te kaⁿ-a-ni-he koⁿ-bda (įttatté, dáknǫké kkǫbdá, šémi ke awákiškátte ką́-anihé kkǫbdá) - father, I want you to marry her, I want to play with the girls [JOD]

► ex: ti ke (tti ke) - lodge/the plural inanimate objects [JOD]

► ex: i-naⁿ-paⁿ te na-ha ti ke ni-xi-te ni-ka-we i-yi iya (ínąpą́ tté nahá tti ke niγítte nikáwe iyí iyá) - a second time she said, “do not go to those lodges, they are disobedient,” they say [JOD]

► ex: ni-ka-shi-ka ke (níkkašíka ke) - people/the standing animate objects [JOD]

► ex: za-ni hi o-kda-x’a-x’a-we i-ya ni-ka-shi-ka ke (zaní hi okdáxʔaxʔáwe iyá níkkašíka ke) - all of the people gave the scalp yell, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: di-shpa-shpa ke (dišpášpa ke) - pulled to pieces/the plural inanimate objects [JOD]

► ex: e-ti hi naⁿ di-shpa-shpa ke (étti hi ną dišpášpa ke) - when she arrived there, the torn pieces were scattered about [JOD]

► ex: i-ke-ya-we ke (íkeyáwe ké) - they said (in the past) the preceding to (one)/the standing animate objects [JOD]

► ex: “ma-shtiⁿ-ke ka-hi-ke aⁿ-ka-xe ta-i,” i-ke-ya-we ke, i-ya (“maštį́ke kahíke ąkáγe ttaí,” íkeyáwe ké, iyá) - “we shall make Rabbit chief,” they said to one another, it is said [JOD]

► ex: o-zha ka-ki da-i ke (óža káki dá-i ke) - to dance/there/they went/the plural [JOD]

► ex: da-tʰa-i ke (datʰaí ké) - they stood eating [JOD]

► ex: de-ke (déke) - these standing/animate

► ex: ka-ke (káke) - those plural/standing/invisible/animate

► ex: ko-i-ke (kóike) - those remote plural/standing/visible/animate

► ex: ko-wa-ke (kówake) - those plural/standing/animate, yonder

► ex: she-ke (šéke) - those non-singular/standing/animate or inanimate objects

► ex: to-wa-ke (tówaké) - those plural/standing/animate objects on this side

► ex: oⁿ-ka-ke (ǫkáke) - we, 1^st person plural continuative auxiliary standing

► ex: da-ke-she (dakéše) - you all, 2^nd person plural continuative auxiliary standing

 

standing, the singular standing inanimate

► tʰe (tʰe) - the singular/standing/inanimate; the collection/inanimate; the act, past, completive aspect

► ex: tʰe (tʰe) - the standing object [JOD]

► ex: ti-shi tʰe (ttíši-tʰe) - the tent pole

► ex: tʰe (tʰe) - the pile, collection of inanimate objects [JOD]

► ex: wa-shiⁿ tʰe di-ze naⁿ, i-ya (wašį́ tʰe dizé-ną, iyá) - she took the fat meat (into the lodge), it is said [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ-be tʰe (hǫbé tʰe) - the moccasins

► ex: naⁿpe odi-zhiⁿ tʰe (nąpé ódižį́ tʰe) - the gloves

► ex: naⁿpe o-zo-skaⁿ-ska o-pa-taⁿ (nąpé ózoskąská opáttą tʰe) - the third finger

► ex: tʰe-ta (tʰétta) - to the standing object

► ex: tʰe-ti (tʰettí) - at the standing object; when, at the time

► ex: de-tʰe (détʰe) - this standing/inanimate

► ex: de-da-tʰe (dédatʰe) - these dual/standing/inanimate

► ex: i-tʰe-de (itʰéde) - stand something up, singular/standing/inanimate

► ex: ka-tʰe (kátʰe) - that standing/invisible/inanimate or that collection/invisible/inanimate

► ex: ka-da-tʰe (kádatʰe) - those dual/standing/invisible/inanimate

► ex: ko-i-tʰe (kóitʰe) - that remote singular/standing/visible/inanimate

► ex: ko-i-da-tʰe (kóidatʰé) - those remote dual/standing/visible/inanimate

► ex: ko-wa-tʰe (kówatʰe) - that singular/standing/inanimate or collection

► ex: ko-wa-da-tʰe (kówadatté) - those dual/standing/inanimate or collections

► ex: ko-wa-hi-de-tʰe (kówahídetʰé) - that singular/standing/invisible, yon

► ex: she-tʰe (šétʰe) - this singular or collection/standing/inanimate

► ex: she-da-tʰe (šédatʰe) - those dual/standing/visible/inanimate objects

► ex: to-wa-da-tʰe (tówadatʰé) - those dual/standing or collection/inanimate objects on this side

► ex: to-wa-tʰe (tówatʰe) - that singular/standing or collection/inanimate object on this side

► Dhegiha: tʰe (tʰe) - the standing inanimate object; the pile, heap, or collection of many small inanimate objects; in order that [Omaha/Ponca]; tse (tse) - stands in a pile [FL-Osage]; tsʰe (che) - positional article for standing inanimate singular nonsubject; positional article for plural sitting nonsubjects [CQ-Osage]; che (che) - “the”; definite article for standing/inanimate or collection of or piled things [Kaw]

 

standing, the standing/animate; continuative auxiliary, singular/standing/animate

► tʰaⁿ (tʰą) - the standing/animate; continuative auxiliary, singular/standing/animate

► ex: tʰaⁿ (tʰą) - the standing one; the standing object [JOD]

► ex: wa-sa tʰaⁿ xa-ke naⁿ-hi tʰaⁿ, i-ya (wasá tʰą γaké nąhí tʰą, iyá) - the black bear was crying all by himself, it is said. [JOD]

► ex: maⁿ-tʰo tʰaⁿ (mątʰó tʰą) - grizzly bear/the standing one [JOD]

► ex: ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-zhiⁿ-ke tʰaⁿ (maštį́ke ežį́ke tʰą) - rabbit/his son/the standing one [JOD]

► ex: o-ki-zhi tʰaⁿ (ókiži tʰą) - filled for him/the standing one [JOD]

► ex: ti-te-de naⁿ o-zhi o-ki-zhi tʰaⁿ i-ya, ni-ka-shi-ka zho tʰe (títtede-ną́ óži ókiži tʰą iyá, níkkašíka žó tʰe) - when it was done, she filled the bowl for him (Rabbit) with the human flesh [JOD]

► ex: wa-x’o zhi-ka tʰaⁿ (waxʔóžiká tʰą) - old woman/the standing one [JOD]

► ex: “shoⁿ iⁿ,” i-yi i-ya wa-x’o zhi-ka tʰaⁿ (“šǫ į,” iyí iyá waxʔóžiká tʰą) - “that will do,” the old woman replied [JOD]

► ex: xa-ke koⁿ-ze tʰaⁿ (γaké kǫzé tʰą) - to cry/pretend/the standing one [JOD]

► ex: ti-zhe ti hi na-zhiⁿ a-taⁿ xa-ke koⁿ-ze tʰaⁿ naⁿ i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (ttíže-ttí-hi nažį́-attą́ γaké kǫzé tʰą ną́ iyá maštįke) - the rabbit arrived to the entrance of the lodge and stood there, pretending cry, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: ma-shtiⁿ-ke tʰaⁿ (maštį́ke tʰą) - rabbit/the standing one [JOD]

► ex: iⁿ-kaⁿ-e wa-sa ka-hi-ke t’e-a-de i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke tʰaⁿ (įkką́-e wasá kahíke tʔeáde iyí iyá maštį́ke tʰą) - my grandmother, I have killed the black bear chief, said the rabbit, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: te-ska a-shi-oⁿ-he tʰaⁿ a-niⁿ-ki (ttéska ášiǫhé tʰą anį́kí) - bring the ox standing outside (the fence) here

► ex: ta tʰaⁿ (tta tʰą́) - future/the standing (he was about to) [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ sh’a-ke tʰaⁿ ni o-ha wa-taⁿ a-ki-de ta tʰaⁿ naⁿ (kóišǫ́ttą šʔaké tʰą ni ohá wattą́ akidé tta tʰą́ ną) - then the old man was about to go after goods along the creek/river [JOD]

► ex: de-tʰaⁿ (détʰą) - this standing/animate

► ex: e-ti-tʰaⁿ (ettítʰą) - it stands there

► ex: ka-tʰaⁿ (kátʰą) - that singular/standing/invisible/animate

► ex: ko-i-tʰaⁿ (kóitʰą) - that remote singular/standing/visible/animate

► ex: ko-ta-tʰaⁿ (kótatʰą) - that singular/standing/animate, yonder

► ex: ko-ta-de-de-tʰaⁿ (kótadédetʰą́) - that departed singular/standing/animate, yonder

► ex: ko-wa-tʰaⁿ (kówatʰą) - that singular/standing/animate, the further one

► ex: shaⁿ-tʰaⁿ (šą́tʰą) - the standing (newly) object

► ex: she-tʰaⁿ (šétʰą) - that standing/visible/animate

► ex: shoⁿ-tʰaⁿ (šǫ-tʰą́) - after he stood awhile [JOD]

► ex: to-hi-tʰoⁿ (tóhitʰǫ) - that singular/standing/animate object on this side of a place he has reached

► ex: to-ta-hi-de-tʰaⁿ (tótahídetʰą́) - that singular/standing/animate object coming, on this side

► ex: to-ta-tʰaⁿ (tótatʰą́) - that singular/standing/animate object on this side

► Dhegiha: tʰaⁿ (táⁿ) - the; standing; the standing; the standing object; the standing animate object; the standing one [JOD-Omaha]; ʰtoⁿ (ṭoⁿ), toⁿ (toⁿ) - to stand; to stand, as a man, woman, or horse [FL-Osage]; txaⁿ (txą), kxaⁿ (kxą) - positional article for a singular animate standing entity; continuative aspect postverbal marker (indicating ongoing action or state in present, past, or future time) for 2^nd person singular animate standing subject; also may indicate initiation of an activity by subject regardless of position [CQ-Osage]; kha (kha), khaⁿ (khaⁿ) - “the”; definite article for standing/animate objects; positional continuative [Kaw]

 

► a-tʰaⁿ-he (atʰąhé) - I, 1^st person singular, continuative auxiliary standing

► ex: hoⁿ-a-bde a-tʰaⁿ-he (hǫ́abde atʰąhé) - I’ve I dreamed/I who stood [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ-a-bde a-tʰaⁿ-he shi-ke-xti i-da-hoⁿ-bde (hǫ́abde atʰąhé šíke-xti idáhǫbde) - I’ve been dreaming, I dreamed a very bad dream [JOD]

► ex: i-we-a-ki-he a-tʰaⁿ-he (iwéakihé atʰąhé) - I tell the preceding to them, I am standing here telling this [JOD]

► ex: wi-e a-tʰaⁿ-he (wiĭ atohe (ataⁿhe) - I am [LH]

► ex: kaⁿ-a-tʰaⁿ-he (ką́-atʰą́he) - while I stood [JOD]

► ex: ta-bde kaⁿ-a-tʰaⁿ-he si-ka i-ta da-tʰe di-knaⁿ taⁿ i-da-ki-ho-shi (tábde ką́-atʰą́he síkka ittá datʰé dikną́ tą idákihoší) - while I was hunting, she decided to eat a chicken egg, which I had forbidden her to do [JOD]

► Dhegiha: a-toⁿ-he (a-toⁿ-he) - I stand [FL-Osage]; aⁿ-txaⁿ-he (ątxąhé) - continuative aspect postverbal marker (indicating ongoing action or state in present or past time) for standing 1^st sg. subject [CQ-Osage]; a-kha-he (akháhe) - continuative I, while standing [Kaw]

 

► da-tʰaⁿ-she (dátʰąšé) - you, 2^nd person singular, continuative auxiliary standing

► da-tʰaⁿ-she (dátʰąšé) - you stand awhile [JOD]

► ex: di-e da-tʰaⁿ-she (diĭ â-to-toⁿ-ci) - thou art [LH]

► ex: e-shoⁿ, “hoⁿ da-tʰaⁿ-she,” i-ke-ya-we, i-ya (ešǫ́, “hǫ́ datʰą́še,” íkeyáwe, iyá) - then, the others said to him, “what is the matter with you?” it is said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: tha-toⁿ-she (thátoⁿshé) - second person singular [JOD-Osage]; tha-toⁿ-she (tha-toⁿ-she) - standing [FL-Osage]; tha-txaⁿ-she (ðatxą́še) - continuative aspect postverbal marker (indicating ongoing action or state in present or past) for standing 2^nd sg. or 2^nd pl. subject, may also be used for imminent future action or state [CQ-Osage]; ya-kha-she (yakháshe) - continuative you (sg), while standing [Kaw]

 

► tʰaⁿ (tʰą) - he/she, 3^rd person singular continuative auxiliary

► Dhegiha: tʰaⁿ (táⁿ) - the; standing; the standing; the standing object; the standing animate object; the standing one [JOD-Omaha]; ʰtoⁿ (ṭoⁿ), toⁿ (toⁿ) - to stand; to stand, as a man, woman, or horse [FL-Osage]; txaⁿ (txą), kxaⁿ (kxą) - positional article for a singular animate standing entity; continuative aspect postverbal marker (indicating ongoing action or state in present, past, or future time) for 2^nd person singular animate standing subject; also may indicate initiation of an activity by subject regardless of position [CQ-Osage]; kha (kha), khaⁿ (khaⁿ) - “the”; definite article for standing/animate objects; positional continuative [Kaw]

 

► oⁿ-ka-tʰaⁿ (ǫ́katʰą), aⁿ-ka-tʰaⁿ (ą́katʰą) - I and one other, 1^st person dual, continuative auxiliary standing

► ex: a-shi-oⁿ-he-taⁿ she-ta oⁿ-ka-hi ta oⁿ-ka-tʰaⁿ (ášiǫhéttą šétta ǫkáhi tta ǫkatʰą́) - later on, we will reach there (where you are)

► ex: aⁿ-ka-kde taⁿ-ka-tʰaⁿ (ą́kakdé tta ą́katʰą) - we are going home (me and you are going home) [MS]

► ex: mi o-xpe-ta-de-de-do-shi oⁿ-kniⁿ oⁿ-ka-tʰaⁿ naⁿ (mióxpettadédedóši ǫknį́ ǫ́katʰą́ ną) - west on that side, we dwelt

► ex: e oⁿ-ka-tʰaⁿ (e-ong-go-toⁿ) - we did [LH]

► Dhegiha: oⁿ-ga-tʰoⁿ (oⁿgatʰoⁿ) - we [JOD-Omaha]; oⁿ-ga-ʰtoⁿ (óⁿ-ga-ṭoⁿ) - we who are here [FL-Osage]; aⁿ-ka-txaⁿ (ąkatxą́) - continuative aspect postverbal marker (indicating ongoing action or state in present or past time) for standing (sometimes lying down) 1^st pl. subject [CQ-Osage]; aⁿ-ga-kha (aⁿgakhá), aⁿ-ga-khaⁿ (aⁿgákhaⁿ) - continuative we, while standing [Kaw]

 

► oⁿ-ka-ke (ǫkáke) - we, 1^st person plural continuative auxiliary standing

► cf. ke (ke) - the plural/standing/animate or plural/standing/inanimate

 

► da-ke-she (dakéše) - you all, 2^nd person plural continuative auxiliary standing

► cf. ke (ke) - the plural/standing/animate or plural/standing/inanimate

 

standing, this singular or collection/standing/inanimate

► she-tʰe (šétʰe) - this singular or collection/standing/inanimate

► cf. she (shé) - that [JOD]; tʰe (tʰe) - the singular/standing/inanimate; the collection/inanimate; the act, past, completive aspect

► Dhegiha: she-tʰe (cétĕ) - that seen standing object; that standing [Omaha/Ponca]

 

standing, this standing/animate

► de-tʰaⁿ (détʰą) - this standing/animate

► de-tʰaⁿ (détʰą) - this [ASG]

► cf. de (de) - this; tʰaⁿ (tʰą) - the standing/animate; continuative auxiliary, singular/standing/animate

► ex: shoⁿ-ke de-tʰaⁿ (šǫ́ke détʰą) - this dog [ASG]

► ex: she-to a-shi-ta de-tʰaⁿ (šétto ašítta détʰą) - this boy standing behind (you)

► Dhegiha: the-tʰoⁿ (thétʰoⁿ) - this animate object standing before us [Omaha/Ponca]; the-toⁿ (thé-toⁿ) - this: this person, standing [FL-Osage]

 

standing, this standing/inanimate

► de-tʰe (détʰe) - this standing/inanimate

► cf. de (de) - this; tʰe (tʰe) - the singular/standing/inanimate; the collection/inanimate; the act, past, completive aspect

► ex: de tʰe (“dé tʰe) - this/the [JOD]

► ex: “de tʰe o-wa-di-te niⁿ-kʰe a-pa-po e-ta-kaⁿ-za a-wi-taⁿ-we a-zhaⁿ tta miⁿ-kʰe (“dé tʰe owáditte nįkʰé áppapo ettákkąza áwittą́we ažą́ tta mįkʰé) - “when he (Grizzly bear) goes, I will lie down looking at you, at the edge of the hill directly above the place where you capture the game [JOD]

► Dhegiha: the-tʰe (thétʰe) - this standing inanimate object or collection of inanimate objects before us [Omaha/Ponca]; the-tse (thé-tse) - this standing; this hanging; this, referring to the object close at hand [FL-Osage]; ye-che (yéche) - this, these: standing inanimate or collection/pile [Kaw]

 

standing, those dual/standing/inanimate or collections

► ko-wa-da-tʰe (kówadatté) - those dual/standing/inanimate or collections

► cf. ko-wa (kówa) - yonder, further; da-tʰe (datʰé) - those dual

► ex: zhoⁿ ko-wa-da-tʰe (žǫ kówadatté) - yon two trees

 

standing, those non-singular/standing/animate or inanimate objects

► she-ke (šéke) - those non-singular/standing/animate or inanimate objects

► cf. she (shé) - that [JOD]; ke (ke) - the plural/standing/animate or plural/standing/inanimate

► ex: she-ke-ti (šekétti) - by yonder things [JOD]

► ex: she-ke-ti kniⁿ! (šekétti knį́!) - sit over there! [JOD]

 

standing, those remote plural/standing/visible/animate

► koi-ke (kóike) - those remote plural/standing/visible/animate

► cf. ko-i (kói) - that, it, there; ke (ke) - the plural/standing/animate or plural/standing/inanimate

► ex: koi-ke (kóike) - lodge/yonder ones [JOD]

► ex: ti koi-ke ni-xi-te ni-ka-we (ttí kóike niγítte nikáwe) - those lodges over there, those people are disobedient [JOD]

 

standing, to or at the standing object

► tʰe-ta (tʰétta) - to the standing object

► tʰe-ta (tʰétta) - to the, at the [JOD]

► cf. tʰe (tʰe) - the singular/standing/inanimate; the collection/inanimate; the act, past, completive aspect; ta (tta) - to, at, toward, in that direction

► ex: o-zha da-i tʰe-ta (óža dá-i tʰétta) - they went to the dance [JOD]

► ex: ti tʰe-ta (ttí tʰétta) - lodge/to the [JOD]

► ex: e-shoⁿ ti tʰe-ta kʰi naⁿ i-ya (ešǫ́ ttí tʰétta kʰí ną iyá) - then, when he returned to his home, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: ti tʰe-ta da-kʰi taⁿ (ttí tʰettá dakʰí tą) - when you return to your home [JOD]

► ex: e ti tʰe-ta ki (e ttí tʰétta kí) - her house/at the/came there again [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ e ti tʰe-ta ki taⁿ ti a-naⁿ-se taⁿ kʰe-ta o-pi-zhi kʰe o-k’oⁿ-he (kóišǫ́ttą e ttí tʰétta kí tą tti ánąsé ttą kʰétta óppiži kʰe ókʔǫhé) - then when she returned to her house, she put the box in (her) room [JOD]

► Dhegiha: tʰe-ta (tʰéta) - at or to the standing inanimate object, etc.; on account of the act or fact [Omaha/Ponca]

 

► tʰe-ti (tʰettí) - at the standing object; when, at the time

► tʰe-ti (tʰettí) - at the, to the; when [JOD]

► cf. tʰe (tʰe) - the singular/standing/inanimate; the collection/inanimate; the act, past, completive aspect; ti (tti) - at, by, in; locative

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ ti tʰe-ti zho-kde kʰi (kóišǫ́ttą ttí tʰettí žókde kʰí) - then he arrived at the lodge with him [JOD]

► ex: a-ki-kniⁿ-xti ti tʰe-ti hi-we i-ya (ákkiknį́xti ttí tʰétti híwe iyá) - they went to the lodge, crowding together, sitting upon one another, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: ti tʰe-ti kʰi (ttí tʰétti kʰí) - he arrived to the lodge [JOD]

► ex: ti e-ta tʰe-ti ki (ttí ettá tʰétti kí) - he arrived/returned to his lodge [JOD]

► ex: ho-wa tʰe-ti (hówa tʰettí) - at or by what collection of inanimate objects [JOD]

► ex: ho-wa-tʰe-ti t’e-dai tʰe i-te i-da-ki-de te i-ye niⁿ i-ya wa-x’o zhi-ka niⁿ (hówa tʰettí tʔédai tʰe itté idákide tte iyé nį iyá waxʔóžiká nį) - the old woman said, “wherever they may have killed him, I will seek him,” it is said [JOD]

► ex: tʰe-ti (tʰétti) - when [JOD]

► ex: si di-ze de-de naⁿ hi tʰe-ti (sí dizé dedé ną hí tʰétti) - at every step which he took [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ tʰe-ti ti-kde ke o-ka-ki-xe-xti zhe i-ya (hǫ tʰetti ttikdé ke okákixe-xti že iyá) - that very night he dunged all around the lodges, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: hi-de tʰe-ti, ma-shtiⁿ-ke sni-wa-te ka-xnoⁿ niⁿ-kʰe i-ki-aⁿ-xe, i-ya (hidé tʰettí, maštį́ke sniwátte káxnǫ nįkʰé íkiąγé, iyá) - when he had gone, Rabbit questioned the wife of Winter, it is said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: tʰe-di (tʰédi) - at the standing object; to the standing object; at, by, in, or near the standing inanimate objects or collection of small objects; at the time; when [Omaha/Ponca]; ʰtse-dsi (ṭse-dsí) - there at that place [FL-Osage]; che-ji (chéji) - to the [Kaw]

 

standing, to the standing

► tʰaⁿ-ta (tʰąttá) - to the standing [JOD]

► cf. tʰaⁿ (tʰą) - the standing/animate; continuative auxiliary, singular/standing/animate; ta (tta) - to, at, toward, in that direction

► ex: shoⁿ-ke-a-kniⁿ tʰaⁿ-ta (šǫ́keáknį tʰąttá) - to the (standing) horse [JOD]

 

standing, to the standing objects

► ke-ta (kettá) - to the many [JOD]

► cf. ke (ke) - the plural/standing/animate or plural/standing/inanimate; ta (tta) - to, at, toward, in that direction

► ex: “wa-sa ti-kde ke ta e-ti te na-ha,” i-ke i-ya e-kaⁿ niⁿ-kʰe (“wasá ttikdé ke tta étti tté nahá,” iké iyá eką́ nįkʰe) - “do not go to the village of the black bears,” his grandmother said to him, it is said (they say) [JOD]

 

stands, it stands there

► e-ti-tʰaⁿ (ettítʰą) - it stands there

► cf. e-ti (ettí) - there; tʰaⁿ (tʰą) - the standing/animate; continuative auxiliary, singular/standing/animate

► ex: e-ti-tʰaⁿ (ettítʰą) - it stands there [JOD]

► ex: de-do a-shka e-ti-tʰaⁿ she-mi e-naⁿ-hi wa-niⁿ e-ti-tʰaⁿ, i-ke niⁿ (dédo áška ettítʰą šémi eną́hí wánį ettítʰą, iké nį́) - near here one stands (a lodge), it only has girls, he said to her [JOD]

► ex: e-ti-tʰaⁿ-zhi (ettítʰąží) - there it stands not [JOD]

► ex: e-ti a-shka hi ti-kde e-ti-tʰaⁿ-zhi e-te te (étti ašká hi ttíkde ettítʰąží étte tté) - I wonder, is there not a lodge very near [JOD]

 

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