English to Quapaw Dictionary

S

saber - scarf	scarlet - seeds	seesaw  -  shaman	shame - shore
short - sigh	sight - sitting	six - slivers	slow - soak
soap - soul	sound - spits	splash - stands	star - stockings
stomach - stretching	stride - Sunday	sunrise - syrup

 

shame

► a-ba-kda (ábakda) - hesitate from shame or diffidence when about to ask a favor of someone not related ► a-pa-kda (áppakda) - I, a-shpa-kda (ášpakda) - you, oⁿ-ka-ba-kda-we (ǫkabakdawe) - we

► cf. a-ki-pa-kda (ákipakda) - embarrassed to ask favor

► Dhegiha: a-ba-gtha (ábagtha) - to hesitate or draw back through shame or diffidence [Omaha/Ponca]; a-ba-gtha (á-ba-gtha) - backward; bashful; diffident; shy; to fear another [FL-Osage]; a-ba-la (ábala) - bashful, hesitant or draw back through shame or diffidence [Kaw]

 

► a-ki-pa-kda (ákipakda) - embarrassed to ask favor

► cf. a-ba-kda (ábakda) - hesitate from shame or diffidence when about to ask a favor of someone not related

► Dhegiha: a-gi-pa-gtha (ágipágtha) - to hesitate or draw back through shame, when wishing to ask for a favor of a relation or friend [Omaha/Ponca]; a-gi-ba-la (ágibala) - to be ashamed to speak to his or her in-laws, as to a father-in-law or mother-in-law, a son- in-law or daughter-in-law; to be bashful towards such a person; this term refers to traditional social customs that required avoidance between certain relatives [Kaw]

 

► i-shte (íšte) - be ashamed ► i-da-shte (idášte) - I, i-da-shte (ídašte) - you, oⁿ-doⁿ-shta-we (ǫdǫ́štawe) - we

► Dhegiha: i-shte (íshte) - ashamed, bashful, to be ashamed or bashful [Omaha/Ponca]; i-shte wa-the (ishte wathe) - embarrass; be ashamed of; shame; insult; disgrace [Omaha]; i-shtse wa-the (í-shtse wa-the) - shameful [FL-Osage]; i-shtse (iišcé), i-shtse-wai (iišcéwai) - be ashamed, feel ashamed [CQ-Osage]

 

share

► a-da ka-xe (áda káγe) - share, divide with, part with, make offering ► a-da pa-xe (áda ppáγe) - I, a-da shka-xe (áda škáγe) - you

► cf. ka-xe (káγe) - make, do, cause

 

share something

► o-ki-maⁿ-ka (ókimąkká) - share something ► oⁿ-ki-maⁿ-ka (ǫ́kimąkká) - I, o-di-ki-maⁿ-ka (odíkimąkká) - you

► Dhegiha: a-ki-moⁿ-hai (ákimoⁿhai) - they live together, being joint owners of the lodge: said when the lodge belongs to neither one singly, but to all jointly [Omaha/Ponca]; a-gi-moⁿ-hai (ágimoⁿhaí) - one who gets his food in the lodge of his kindred; a-moⁿ-he (ámoⁿhe) - to share his lodge with another man, referes to the owner; one who shares his lodge with another [Omaha/Ponca]

 

share, to carry one’s own share

► he-be ki-k’iⁿ (hébe kikʔį́) - to carry one’s own share ► he-be a-ki-k’iⁿ (hébe akíkʔį) - I, he-be da-ki-k’iⁿ (hébe dakíkʔį) - you

► cf. he-be (hébe) piece, part; ki-k’iⁿ (kikʔį́) carry or pack on one’s own back

► ex: he-be a-ki-k’iⁿ (hébe akíkʔį) - part/I carry my own on my back

► ex: wi-e-hoⁿ, wi-zhiⁿ-de naⁿ-pe-aⁿ-hi aⁿ-maⁿ taⁿ-ha he-be a-ki-k’iⁿ koⁿ-bda,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (wíehǫ, wižį́de ną́ppeą́hi ąmą́ tą́ha hébe akíkʔį kkǫbdá,” iyí iyá maštį́ke) - my elder brother, I too want to carry my own piece because I have been hungry,” it is said Rabbit said [JOD]

► ex: he-be a-ki-k’iⁿ (hébe akíkʔį) - part/I will carry my own

► ex: “hoⁿ-zhi, wi-zhiⁿ-de, he-be a-ki-k’iⁿ koⁿ-bda,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“hǫ́ži, wižį́de, hébe akíkʔį kkǫbdá,” iyí iyá maštį́ke) - “no, my elder brother, I want to carry my own piece,” it is said Rabbit said [JOD]

► ex: he-be da-ki-k’iⁿ (hébe dakíkʔį) - part/you carry yours on your back [JOD]

► ex: he-be da-ki-k’iⁿ ta-tʰe i-yi-zhaⁿ te (hébe dakíkʔį ttatʰé íyižą́ tte) - you will speak of carrying your share [JOD]

► ex: he-be ki-k’iⁿ tʰe (hébe kikʔį́ tʰe) - part/to carry his own/the [JOD]

► ex: e-shoⁿ wa-zhiⁿ de-da-zhiⁿ naⁿ i-ya maⁿ-tʰo, ma-shtiⁿ-ke he-be ki-k’iⁿ tʰe a-ki-hi-te naⁿ i-ya taⁿ-ha (ešǫ́ wažį́ dédaží ną iyá mątʰó, maštį́ke hébe kikʔį́ tʰe ákkihítte ną iyá tą́ha) - then the grizzly bear lost his patience, it is said, because the rabbit insisted on carrying his share of the meat, it is said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: he-be (hébe) - partial; to be a part, piece, or portion of something [Omaha/Ponca]; he-be (hebe) - piece, part [Omaha]; he-be (hé-be) - a piece, a part, portion [FL-Osage]; he-pe (hépe) - a small amount, approximately half a container; piece, part, some, a bit; he-be (hébe) - piece, a little bit, a part [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: gi-’iⁿ (gi-’íⁿ) - carry one’s own on one’s back [JOD-Omaha]; gi-k’iⁿ (gi-k’íⁿ) - to carry something belonging to him, to carry his child, or his gun [FL-Osage]; gi-k’iⁿ (gi-k’íⁿ) - to carry on one’s back, pack one’s own property on the back [Kaw]

 

sharp

► po-i (ppoí), po-hiⁿ (ppohį́) - sharp

► ex: po-i hi (ppoí hí) - very sharp, really sharp [JOD)]

► ex: wa-po-i (wapói) - sharp object; a weapon

► ex: ka-po-i ka-xe (kappói káγe) - sharpen with a whetstone

► Dhegiha: pa-i (paí) - sharp [Omaha/Ponca]; pa-i (pai) - sharp [Omaha]; pa-i (pa-í) - sharp [JOD-Omaha]; ʰpa-hi (p̣a-hí) - pointed, sharp [FL-Osage]; ʰpa-hiⁿ (ʰpaahį́), ʰpa-hi (ʰpáahi) - sharp [CQ-Osage]; pa-hi (páhi) - be sharp [Kaw]

 

sharp object, weapon

► wa-po-i (wapói) - sharp object; a weapon

► Dhegiha: wa-ʰpa-hi (wa-pá-hi) - sharp weapons, like spears and arrows [FL-Osage]; wa-pa-hi (wapáhi) - weapon [Kaw]

 

sharp, hill with sharp peak

► a-ni pa-si-kde (áni ppasíkde) - hill with sharp peak

► cf. a-ni (áni) - hill; pa-si (ppasí) - tip of something, beak or bill; pa-si-kde (ppasíkde) - hill with pointed peak or top; pa-si-kde (ppásikdé) - point of land [JOD]

► Dhegiha: a-thiⁿ ʰpa-si (á-thiⁿ p̣a-çi) - summit, top of a hill, the summit of a hill, hill top [FL-Osage]; a-yiⁿ pa-su (áyiⁿ pasú) - headland [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: pa-si (pasí) - tip, tree-top, tongue-tip, etc. [Omaha/Ponca]; pa-si (paçi) - tip; ʰpa-si (p̣a-çí) - a peak, point, top of a tree, the top of a poll [FL-Osage]; ʰpa-su (p̣á-çu) - tip of nose [FL-Osage]; ʰpa-su (ʰpasú) - tip or point of an object [CQ-Osage]; pa-su (pasú) - tip, point of an object “like the point of a pencil”, corner of a room, etc. [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ʰpa-siu-gthiⁿ (p̣a-çiú-gthiⁿ) - dwellers-upon-the-hill-top, when the river (Mississippi) overflowed its banks, a group of Osage Indians fled from their village and sought the high hills and there established a camp, they were known by the name of ʰpa-siu-gthiⁿ (p̣a-çiú-gthiⁿ) and settled in Grayhorse [FL-Osage]; ʰpa-su o-liⁿ (ʰpasú olį́į), ʰpa-si-o-liⁿ (ʰpasiólįį), ʰpa-su-liⁿ (ʰpasúlį), ʰpa-so-liⁿ (ʰpasólįį) - living on the end, dwelling on the cliffs, Fairfax or Grayhorse group of Osages, lit., “living on the end”, referring to the west end of the allotment [CQ-Osage]

 

sharpen

► ba-zi-ka (bazíkka) - sharpen ► pa-zi-ka (ppázikka) - I, shpa-zi-ka (špázikka) - you

► cf. ba (ba) - by pushing; bi-zi-ka (bizíkka) - sharpen by rubbing, hone; da-zi-ka (dazíkka) - chew to a point, sharpen; di-zi-ka (dizíkka) - sharpen; ki-di-zi-ka (kídizíkka) - sharpen something for someone; ka-zi-ka (kazíkka) - sharpen, as with an axe, whittle; kdi-zi-ka (kdizíkka) - sharpen pulling toward oneself; o-zi-ka (ozíkka) - wider at one end than other; pa-zi-ka (pázikka) - whittle to a point; ta-zi-ka (tázikka) - burn to a point

 

► di-zi-ka (dizíkka) - sharpen ► bdi-zi-ka (bdízikka) - I, ti-zi-ka (ttízikka) - you

► cf. di (di) - by hand, pulling; cause by using the hands; ba-zi-ka (bazíkka) - sharpen; bi-zi-ka (bizíkka) - sharpen by rubbing, hone; da-zi-ka (dazíkka) - chew to a point, sharpen; ki-di-zi-ka (kídizíkka) - sharpen something for someone; ka-zi-ka (kazíkka) - sharpen, as with an axe, whittle; kdi-zi-ka (kdizíkka) - sharpen pulling toward oneself; o-zi-ka (ozíkka) - wider at one end than other; pa-zi-ka (pázikka) - whittle to a point; ta-zi-ka (tázikka) - burn to a point

 

sharpen by rubbing

► bi-zi-ka (bizíkka) - sharpen by rubbing, hone ► pi-zi-ka (ppízikka) - I, shpi-zi-ka (špízikka) - you

► cf. bi (bi) - by pressing, rubbing; o-zi-ka (ozíkka) - wider at one end than other; ba-zi-ka (bazíkka) - sharpen; da-zi-ka (dazíkka) - chew to a point, sharpen; di-zi-ka (dizíkka) - sharpen; ki-di-zi-ka (kídizíkka) - sharpen something for someone; ka-zi-ka (kazíkka) - sharpen, as with an axe, whittle; kdi-zi-ka (kdizíkka) - sharpen pulling toward oneself; pa-zi-ka (pázikka) - whittle to a point; ta-zi-ka (tázikka) - burn to a point

 

sharpen pulling toward oneself

► kdi-zi-ka (kdizíkka) - sharpen pulling toward oneself ► a-kdi-zi-ka (akdízikka) - I, da-kdi-zi-ka (dakdízikka) - you

► cf. o-zi-ka (ozíkka) - wider at one end than other; ba-zi-ka (bazíkka) - sharpen; bi-zi-ka (bizíkka) - sharpen by rubbing, hone; da-zi-ka (dazíkka) - chew to a point, sharpen; di-zi-ka (dizíkka) - sharpen; ki-di-zi-ka (kídizíkka) - sharpen something for someone; ka-zi-ka (kazíkka) - sharpen, as with an axe, whittle; pa-zi-ka (pázikka) - whittle to a point; ta-zi-ka (tázikka) - burn to a point

 

sharpen something for someone

► ki-di-zi-ka (kídizíkka) - sharpen something for someone ► a-bdi-zi-ka (ábdizikka) - I, da-ti-zi-ka (dáttizikka) - you

► cf. ba-zi-ka (bazíkka) - sharpen; bi-zi-ka (bizíkka) - sharpen by rubbing, hone; da-zi-ka (dazíkka) - chew to a point, sharpen; di-zi-ka (dizíkka) - sharpen; ka-zi-ka (kazíkka) - sharpen, as with an axe, whittle; kdi-zi-ka (kdizíkka) - sharpen pulling toward oneself; o-zi-ka (ozíkka) - wider at one end than other; pa-zi-ka (pázikka) - whittle to a point; ta-zi-ka (tázikka) - burn to a point

 

sharpen with a whetstone

► ka-po-i ka-xe (kappói káγe) - sharpen with a whetstone

► cf. ka-po-i-zhi ka-xe (kappóiži káγe) - dull from repeated use

► cf. ka (ka) - by striking, by action of the wind or water; po-i (ppoí), po-hiⁿ (ppohį́) - sharp; ka-xe (káγe) - make, do, cause

► Dhegiha: pa-i (paí) - sharp [Omaha/Ponca]; pa-i (pai) - sharp [Omaha]; pa-i (pa-í) - sharp [JOD-Omaha]; ʰpa-hi (p̣a-hí) - pointed, sharp [FL-Osage]; ʰpa-hiⁿ (ʰpaahį́), ʰpa-hi (ʰpáahi) - sharp [CQ-Osage]; pa-hi (páhi) - be sharp [Kaw]

 

sharpen, as on a grindstone

► ka-moⁿ-kʰi-de (kamǫ́kʰide) - sharpen, as on a grindstone ► ka-moⁿ a-kʰi-de (kamǫ́ akʰide) - I, ka-moⁿ da-kʰi-de (kamǫ́ dakʰide) - you

► cf. ka (ka) - by striking, by action of the wind or water; kʰi-de (kʰide) - cause to

► Dhegiha: thi-moⁿ (thimóⁿ) - to sharpen an ax, etc. by turning a grindstone [Omaha/Ponca]; thi-moⁿ (thi-móⁿ) - to sharpen; to whet [FL-Osage]; thi-moⁿ (ðiimǫ́) - sharpen [CQ-Osage]; maⁿ-hiⁿ i-yu-maⁿ (máⁿhiⁿ íyumàⁿ) - whetstone, knife sharpener [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ba-moⁿ (bamóⁿ) - to file; to grate, as a nutmeg; to push an ax on a motionless grindstone; to sharpen a scythe, by pushing the hone or rasp first along one side, then along the other [Omaha/Ponca]; ba-moⁿ (ba-móⁿ) - to file; to remove the outer skin of corn by rubbing [FL-Osage]; ba-maⁿ (bamáⁿ) - rub or file [Kaw]

 

sharpen, as with an axe

► ka-zi-ka (kazíkka) - sharpen, as with an axe, whittle ► a-zi-ka (ázikka) - I, da-zi-ka (dázikka) - you

► cf. ka (ka) - by striking, by action of the wind or water; ba-zi-ka (bazíkka) - sharpen; bi-zi-ka (bizíkka) - sharpen by rubbing, hone; da-zi-ka (dazíkka) - chew to a point, sharpen; di-zi-ka (dizíkka) - sharpen; ki-di-zi-ka (kídizíkka) - sharpen something for someone; kdi-zi-ka (kdizíkka) - sharpen pulling toward oneself; o-zi-ka (ozíkka) - wider at one end than other; pa-zi-ka (pázikka) - whittle to a point; ta-zi-ka (tázikka) - burn to a point

 

sharpen, chew to a point

► da-zi-ka (dazíkka) - chew to a point, sharpen ► bda-zi-ka (bdázikka) - I, ta-zi-ka (ttázikka) - you

► cf. da (da) - by mouth; o-zi-ka (ozíkka) - wider at one end than other; ba-zi-ka (bazíkka) - sharpen; bi-zi-ka (bizíkka) - sharpen by rubbing, hone; di-zi-ka (dizíkka) - sharpen; ki-di-zi-ka (kídizíkka) - sharpen something for someone; ka-zi-ka (kazíkka) - sharpen, as with an axe, whittle; kdi-zi-ka (kdizíkka) - sharpen pulling toward oneself; pa-zi-ka (pázikka) - whittle to a point; ta-zi-ka (tázikka) - burn to a point

 

sharpen, dull a tool trying to sharpen it

► ka-be-shiⁿ (kabéšį) - dull a tool trying to sharpen it

► cf. ka (ka) - by striking, by action of the wind or water; be-shiⁿ (béšį) - curved, flared; di-be-shiⁿ (dibešį́) - bend something backwards

► Dhegiha: be-shiⁿ (bé-shiⁿ) - the shape of a china cup which flares at the top [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: yu-be-shiⁿ (yubéshiⁿ) - bend something slightly, turn or roll something upwards [Kaw]

 

shatter, break in pieces

► ka-to-we (kattówe) - shatter, break in pieces ► a-to-we (áttowe) - I, da-to-we (dáttowe) - you

► cf. ka (ka) - by striking, by action of the wind or water; ka-to-we de-de (kattówe déde) - throw at and shatter; ba-to-we (battówe) - break into pieces, cut up; bi-to-we (bittówe) - break, crumble into pieces; da-to-we (dattówe) - chew to pieces; di-to-we (dittówe) - plow, pulverize the soil; we-di-to-we (wédittówe) - plow; naⁿ-to-we (nąttówe) - step on or kick and break something; pa-to-we (páttowe) - cut into large pieces; po-to-we (póttowe) - punch or shoot to pieces; to-wa-de (ttowáde) - crumble of it’s own accord

► Dhegiha: ga-tu-be (gátube) - crush [Omaha]; ga-ʰto-be (ga-ṭo-be) - to shatter, to pulverize [FL-Osage]

 

shatter, throw at and shatter

► ka-to-we de-de (kattówe déde) - throw at and shatter ► a-to-we de-a-de (áttowe déade) - I, da-to-we de-da-de (dáttowe dedade) - you

► cf. ka (ka) - by striking, by action of the wind or water; ka-to-we (kattówe) - shatter, break in pieces; de-de (déde) - sent away, causative of go; ba-to-we (battówe) - break into pieces, cut up; bi-to-we (bittówe) - break, crumble into pieces; da-to-we (dattówe) - chew to pieces; di-to-we (dittówe) - plow, pulverize the soil; we-di-to-we (wédittówe) - plow; naⁿ-to-we (nąttówe) - step on or kick and break something; pa-to-we (páttowe) - cut into large pieces; po-to-we (póttowe) - punch or shoot to pieces; to-wa-de (ttowáde) - crumble of it’s own accord

► Dhegiha: ga-tu-be (gátube) - crush [Omaha]; ga-ʰto-be (ga-ṭo-be) - to shatter, to pulverize [FL-Osage]

 

shave the head, crop short

► ni-zhi-ha a-di-ski (nižíha ádiski) - shave the head, crop short, to shave or cut off short, as the hair of the head

► cf. ni-zhi-ha (nižíha) - hair of the human head; a-di-ski (ádiski) - cut off all the hair, shave; to wear the hair shingled; we-da-di-ski (wédadíski) - scissors

 

shave, cut off all the hair

► a-di-ski (ádiski) - cut off all the hair, shave ► a-bdi-ski (ábdiski) - I, a-ti-ski (áttiski) - you

► a-di-ski (adiskí) - wore the hair shingled [JOD]

► ex: ni-zhi-ha a-di-ski (nižíha ádiski) - shave the head, crop short, to shave or cut off short, as the hair of the head

► ex: e-ti ni-ka naⁿ-haⁿ ke a-di-ski naⁿ-hi pa naⁿ (étti níkka nąhą́ ke adiskí ną́hi pá ną) - back then, the grown men only wore their hair shaved [JOD]

► ex: we-da-di-ski (wédadíski) - scissors

 

shawl

► wa-pe-da (wappéda) - shawl

► wa-pe-da (wappéda) - shawl [MS, OM]

► wa-pe-da (wappéda) - shawl [JOD]

► wa-pe-da taⁿ-ka (wappéda ttą́ka) - shawl

► cf. wa-pe-da zhi-ka (wappéda žíka) - scarf, handkerchief [MS]

► ex: wa-pe-da i (wappéda i) - they put around the heads [JOD]

► ex: ni-ka iⁿ-tʰoⁿ-na ke wa-pe-da i naⁿ (níkka įtʰǫ́na ke wappéda-i ną́) - the young men wore handkerchief/scarf (on their head) [JOD]

 

Shawnee Tribe

► sha-waⁿ-naⁿ (šawą́ną) - Shawnee

► sha-waⁿ-naⁿ (šawą́ną) - Shawnee, Shawnee Tribe [OM]

► sha-wa-na (ca-wá-na) - Kwapa name for the Shawnee Indians [JOD]

► sha-wa-no (šawáno) - Shawnee Indian [ASG]

► Dhegiha: sha-wa-na (shah-wah-nah) - Shawnee tribe or tribal member [CQ-Osage]; sha-wa-niⁿ (šáwanįį) - Shawnee tribe or tribal member [CQ-Osage]; sha-wa-ne (sháwane) - Shawnee tribe or people [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: zhoⁿ-ni (zhoⁿ-ní) - Shawnee Tribe [FL-Osage]; shoⁿ-niⁿ (shoⁿníⁿ) - Shawnee tribe or people [Kaw]

 

► sha-waⁿ-na-we (šawą́nawe) - Shawnee Indians, plural [ASG]

► cf. sha-waⁿ-naⁿ (šawą́ną) - Shawnee; we (we), a-we (awe) - pluralizer

 

► sha-wa-na zho-hi (šáwana žóhi) - Shawnee Indians, plural [ASG]

► cf. sha-waⁿ-naⁿ (šawą́ną) - Shawnee; zho-hi (žóhi) - much, many

 

Shawnee, Black Bob Shawnees

► sha-da-ki sha-wa-na-we (šadákki šawanáwe) - Black Bob Shawnees [JOD]

► cf. sha-da-ki (šadákki) - Cherokee; sha-wa-na-we (šawanáwe) - Shawnee Indians

 

she

► e (e) - that, he, she, it, aforementioned

► ex: e she-mi (é šémi) - that girl [JOD]

► ex: ni-ka-shi-ka e a-zha-miⁿ (níkkašika e ážamį) - I treat him as a human being

► ex: e a-di-xe koⁿ-da (é ádiγé kǫdá) - she wanted to marry him, the aforementioned [JOD]

► ex: o-zha tʰaⁿ e toⁿ-we ni-he (óža tʰą é tǫ́we-nihe) - that one dancing, you’all look at him [JOD]

► ex: e sh’a-ke niⁿ-kʰe ki-ta-ni taⁿ e-zhaⁿ-ke e-ta taⁿ kaⁿ-tʰaⁿ (e šʔáke nįkʰé kitáni tą ežą́ke ettá tą ką-tʰą́) - he, the old man sat smoking, while his daughter stood [JOD]

► ex: e za-ni zhaⁿ iⁿ-ke (é zaní žą́ įké) - they all reclining

► Dhegiha: e (é) - he, she, that, that one, the afore-said, they, it [JOD-Omaha]; e (e) - he, she, it, or that [FL-Osage]; e (ée) - 3^rd person emphatic or contrastive pronoun (that one, that person, she/her, he/him; those persons, them; this person or thing, the foregoing, she herself, he himself, they themselves [CQ-Osage]; e (e), ’e (’e), (’ee) - that, those, be that, those [Kaw]

 

She Calls the Quadrupeds

► te-tʰi naⁿ (ttetʰí ną) - female name, She Calls the Quadrupeds, they (Quapaw) name one female te-tʰi naⁿ (ttetʰí ną), which points to a belief that there have been persons who could call the quadrupeds in a mysterious manner, compelling them to approach within shooting distance of the hunter [JOD]

► cf. te (tte) - buffalo; tʰi (tʰi) - arrive, to have come here; naⁿ (ną), noⁿ (nǫ) - habitual postclitic

► Dhegiha: te-ti (t͓é-ti) - animals to come [JOD-Omaha]; te-ti wa-xe (t͓é-ti wá-xe) - to call the animals, making them approach [JOD-Omaha]; te-ti wa-xe hnaⁿ (t͓éti-wáxe-hnaⁿ) - used to make the animals come by calling [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: te (te) - buffalo [Omaha/Ponca]; te (te) - buffalo; ʰtse (ṭse) - bison [FL-Osage]; ʰtse (ʰcée) - buffalo [CQ-Osage]; tse (ce) - buffalo, usually the cow [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ti (tí) - to have come hither, had come [JOD-Omaha]; ʰtsi (ṭsi) - to come, has come [FL-Osage]; tsʰi (cʰí), a-tsʰi (acʰí) - arrive here, come here, motion accomplished, reach as a location or place, initial a is sometimes omitted in 3^rd person forms and normally omitted in imoeratives [CQ-Osage]; chi (chi) - arrive over here; arrive at a place not one’s home for the first time [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: hnaⁿ (hnaⁿ) - habitually [JOD-Omaha]; noⁿ (noⁿ) - usually, customarily [FL-Osage]; naⁿ (ną), noⁿ (nǫ) - always, repeatedly, habitually, customarily, usually, recurringly, continually, continue to, used to [CQ-Osage]; hnaⁿ (hnaⁿ) - habitual aspect; usually; always generally; used to, it used to be so [Kaw]

 

she too

► e-hoⁿ (ehǫ́) - it too, he too, she too

► cf. wi-e-hoⁿ (wíehǫ) - I too, me too, as for me; di-e-hoⁿ (díehǫ) - you too

► ex: e-hoⁿ o-pʰe (ehǫ́ opʰé) - he too/entered [JOD]

► ex: e-shoⁿ ni-ka-shi-ka ke o-pʰa-we di-xa-zhi íha tʰe, e-shoⁿ ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-hoⁿ o-pʰe naⁿ, i-ya (ešǫ́ níkkašíka ke opʰáwe dixáži íha tʰe, ešǫ́ maštį́ke ehǫ́ opʰé ną, iyá) - then the people entered the Hill’s mouth, and Rabbit entered too, it is said [JOD]

► ex: o-te niⁿ i-ya-we, e-hoⁿ i-de i-ya-we (otté nį iyáwe, ehǫ́ íde iyáwe) - he was looking for it, they said, he found/saw it too, they said [JOD]

 

she, only she

► e-naⁿ-xti (eną́-xti) - only that, only he, only she, it alone

► cf. e-naⁿ (éną), e-naⁿ-hi (enąhí) - only that, only him, only her, only it; xti (xti) - very, real, fully; e (e) - that, he, she, it, the aforementioned; naⁿ (ną) - only [JOD]; naⁿ-xti (nąxtí) - only [JOD]

► Dhegiha: e-na-xti (enáqti), e-na-xshti (enáqcti) - only, that only, he only, it only, very alone, alone, that alone, he alone, it alone [JOD-Omaha]; e-noⁿ-xji (enoⁿxji) - only, single [Omaha]; e-noⁿ-xtsi (e-nóⁿ-xtsi) - he, she, or it alone [FL-Osage]

 

► e-naⁿ (éną), e-naⁿ-hi (enąhí) - only that, him, her, it

► cf. e (e) - that, he, she, it, the aforementioned; naⁿ (ną) - only [JOD]; naⁿ-hi (ną́hi) - only, alone, all alone; de naⁿ-hi (dé nąhí) - only this, just this; naⁿ-xti (nąxtí) - only [JOD]; naⁿ-iⁿ-te (ną́įtte) - only, alone

► ex: wa-jhi-ni kde ta zho-zhi-te e-naⁿ o-zha-wi koⁿ-bda (waǰíni kdé tta žožítte éną óžawi kkǫbdá) - you white people go home and us Indians dance all night (when the white people go home, I want just us Indians to dance [MS]

► ex: e-naⁿ (eną́) - she only [JOD]

► ex: she-mi e-zhi ke hi taⁿ wa-hiⁿ-ska ho-taⁿ kʰe za-ni di-za-i taⁿ wa-haⁿ-niⁿ-ke taⁿ e-naⁿ kaⁿ-tʰaⁿ (šémi éži ke hí tą wahį́ska hóttą kʰe zaní dizá-i tą wahą́nįké tą eną́ ką-tʰą) - when the other girls arrived, they took all the good calico, the orphan just stood there alone [JOD]

► ex: e-naⁿ maⁿ-niⁿ (ĕnáⁿ máⁿníⁿ) - masculine name, Walks Alone, refers to the buffalo bull (tetúka) [JOD]

► ex: e-naⁿ mi te-xi (éną mi ttéxi) - female personal name, The Only Precious, Difficult One [OM]

► ex: e-ti e-naⁿ-hi kaⁿ-tʰaⁿ tʰaⁿ ta-bde de naⁿ (étti enąhí ką-tʰą́ tʰą tábde dé ną) - she was there alone, when he went hunting [JOD]

► ex: e-naⁿ-hi (énąhí) - only/very [JOD]

► ex: wa-x’o niⁿ-kʰe e-naⁿ-hi o-shte naⁿ, i-ya (waxʔó nįkʰé énąhí ošté ną, iyá) - only the woman remained, it is said [JOD]

► ex: e-naⁿ-hi (eną́hí) - only [JOD]

► ex: de-do a-shka e-ti-tʰaⁿ she-mi e-naⁿ-hi wa-niⁿ e-ti-tʰaⁿ, i-ke niⁿ (dédo áška ettítʰą šémi eną́hí wánį ettítʰą, iké nį́) - near here one stands (a lodge), it only has girls, he said to her [JOD]

► ex: e-naⁿ-hi (enąhí) - they only [JOD]

► ex: wi-zhoⁿ-de wi-ti-to i-niⁿ-ha, shi-zhi-ka e-ta-we e-naⁿ-hi o-shte ke, wi-e naⁿ-hi naⁿ-haⁿ e-ti miⁿ-kʰe (wižǫ́de wittítto inįhá, šižíka ettáwe enąhí ošté ke, wíe nąhí nąhą́ ettí mįkʰé) - my elder sister and elder brother, their children are all that is left, I am the eldest [JOD]

► Dhegiha: e-hnaⁿ (e-hnáⁿ), e-naⁿ (é-naⁿ), e-na (ená) - that only, he only, only he, alone, that alone, it alone, he alone [JOD-Omaha]; e-noⁿ (é-noⁿ) - that only, only one, alone, sole, exclusive, special [FL-Osage]; e-naⁿ (éeną), e-na (éena), e-ʰna (éʰna) - he/she/it only, it is only he/she/it [CQ-Osage]

 

shear, cut with scissors

► di-tiⁿ-na (dittį́na) - shear, cut with scissors ► bdi-tiⁿ-na (bdíttįna) - I, ti-tiⁿ-na (ttíttįna) - you

► Dhegiha: thi-tʰiⁿ-na (thitʰíⁿna) - to trim hair evenly so it does not extend below the collar [Omaha/Ponca]

 

sheath, knife sheath

► ma-hiⁿ oⁿ-he (máhį ǫhe) - knife sheath

► cf. ma-hiⁿ (máhį) - knife; oⁿ-he (ǫhé) - put or lay singular/lying/inanimate object inside something

► Dhegiha: ma-hiⁿ u-he (máhiⁿ uhé) - knife sheath, knife case [Omaha/Ponca]; moⁿ-hiⁿ u-he (móⁿ-hiⁿ-u-he) - knife scabbard [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-hi o-he (máⁿhi òhe), maⁿ-ho-he (máⁿhohe) - scabbard, knife sheath [Kaw]

 

► maⁿ-hi o-pʰa (maⁿhī opä) - sheath (knife), alleged to be Quapaw made, I doubt it, from John Quapaw [MH]

 

sheep

► ta wa-ta-kde (tta wáttakde) - sheep, lit. “domestic deer”

► ta wa-ta-kde (tahwantagheteh) - sheep (mouton) [GI]

► cf. ta (tta) - deer; wa-ta-kde (watákde) - domesticated animal or bird

► Dhegiha: wa-na-gthe (wanágthe) - a domesticated animal; any animal which can be tamed; a pet animal, including birds, reptiles and fishes [Omaha/Ponca]; wa-na-gthe (wanagthe) - pet; livestock [Omaha]; wa-da-gthe (wa-dá-gthe) - domesticated; a domesticated animal [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: na-gthe (nágthe) - a captive, prisoner [Omaha/Ponca]; na-gthe (ná-gthe) - captive; captivity [Omaha]; da-gthe (dá-gthe) - slave; a captive [FL-Osage]

 

sheep, bighorn sheep

► ta-ska (ttaská) - bighorn sheep, Ovis montana

► ta-ska (ttaská) - rocky mountain sheep [JOD]

► ex: “hoⁿ! di-te-ke ta-ska pa-hi naⁿ-pe niⁿ,” i-yi i-ya wa-xo-zhi-ka niⁿ-kʰe (“hǫ! díttéke ttaská ppahí ną́ppe nį́,” iyí iyá waxʔóžiká nįkʰé) - “yes! your uncle (your mother’s brother) fears the head of a Bighorn sheep,” it is said the old woman said [JOD]

► ex: ta-ska miⁿ i-de naⁿ t’e-de, i-ya (ttaská mį́ íde ną́ tʔé-de, iyá) - when he found a Rocky Mountain sheep, he killed it, it is said [JOD]

► ex: “wi-te-ke, she-niⁿ-kʰe ta-ska pa-hi miⁿ,” i-yi- i-ya (“wítteké, šénįkʰé ttaská ppahí mį,” iyí iyá) - “uncle (my mother’s brother), that object by you is the head of a Bighorn sheep,” it is said that he said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ta-xti ska (táqti skă) - sheep, “white deer” [Omaha/Ponca]; ta-xti ska taxti çka) - doestic sheep [Omaha]; ʰta-ska (ṭa-çká) - sheep [FL-Osage]; ʰta-ska (ʰtaaská) - sheep, lit. ‘white deer’ [CQ-Osage]; ta-ska iⁿ-hiⁿ stse-je (taská íⁿhiⁿ scéje) - goat, billy goat, lit. “the white deer with long beard” [Kaw]; ta-ska zhiⁿ-ga (taská zhìⁿga) - sheep, lit. “the small white deer”; goat [Kaw]

 

sheet lightning

► di-aⁿ-ba (dią́ba) - sheet lightning

► di-aⁿ-ba i-de (dią́ba idé) - lightning, to sheet, to strike

► cf. o-ki-aⁿ-ba (ókkiąba) - flash

► Dhegiha: thi-oⁿ-ba (thióⁿba) - lightening, sheet lightening [Omaha/Ponca]; thi-oⁿ-ba (thióⁿba) - lightning [Omaha]; thi-hoⁿ-ba (thi-hóⁿ-ba) - lightning [FL-Osage]; yu-oⁿ-ba (yuóⁿba) - sheet lightning [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: u-thi-oⁿ-ba (uthíoⁿba) - flash; to flash as lightning; to wave a mirror, making it flash in the sunlight; to reflect, as light from a pail of water set in the sun [Omaha/Ponca]; u-thi-oⁿ-oⁿ-ba (uthíoⁿóⁿba) - to flash repeatedly [Omaha/Ponca]

 

shell

► ha (ha) - skin, bark, hide, shell

► ha (hah) - hide, skin (peau) [GI]

► ha (há) - skin [ASG]

► ex: i-ta ha (ítta há) - egg shell

► ex: ke ha (kkéhá) - turtle shell

► ex: ke-ha a-na-xa-da (kehá anaɣáda) - shell shaker, stomp dance shells [MS]

► Dhegiha: ha (ha) - skin, hide, bark [Omaha/Ponca]; ha (ha) - leather, skin, shell [Omaha]; ha (ha) - skin of any animal, the bark of a tree, shell of nuts, cuticle [FL-Osage]; ha (háa) - hide, skin of an animal, rind, fabric, cloth, surface [CQ-Osage]; ha (ha) - hide, skin [Kaw]

 

shell corn

► di-shpi (dišpí) - shell corn ► bdi-shpi (bdíšpi) - I, ti-shpi (ttíšpi) - you

► Dhegiha: thi-shpi (thi-shpí) - to shell corn [FL-Osage]; thu-shpu (ðušpú) - shell, as corn, shelled, as corn [CQ-Osage]; yu-shpu (yushpú) - shell dried corn with the hand [Kaw]

 

shell, clam shell

► ti-ke (ttíke) - cup, ladle made of horn; refers to clam shell spoon etymologically

► ti-ke (ttíke) - wooden spoon, from Francis Good Eagle [MH]

► ti-ke (ttíke) - dipper [MS]

► cf. ma-ze ti-ke (maze ttíke) - spoon, “metal spoon”; te-he ti-ke (ttehé ttíke) - buffalo horn spoon

► Dhegiha: ʰtsiu-ge (ṭsiu-ge) - a spoon, a shell spoon; mussel shell [FL-Osage]; ʰtsu-ke (ʰcúke) - spoon, Osage spoons were originally clamshells from creeks, used only for scraping corn, with little ones for children, largers ones for adults; this term is now used for spoons of other materials such as metal, plastic, or wood; abalone shell; shovel [CQ-Osage]

 

shell, egg shell

► i-ta ha (ítta há) - egg shell

► cf. i-ta (ítta) - egg; ha (ha) - skin, bark, hide, shell

► Dhegiha: we-ta ha (wéta ha) - egg shell [Omaha]

 

shell, soft shelled water turtle

► ke zhoⁿ-te (kke zǫ́tte) - soft shelled water turtle

► cf. ke (kke) - turtle

 

shell, turtle shell

► ke ha (kkéhá) - turtle shell

► cf. ke (kke) - turtle; ha (ha) - skin, bark, hide, shell

► ex: ke-ha a-na-xa-da (kkehá anaxáda) - shell shaker, stomp dance shells [MS]

► ex: ke-ha a-na-xa-da ho-taⁿ aⁿ-ka-niⁿ iⁿ-ke (kkehá anaɣáda hóttą ąkanį́ įké) - we have some good shell shakers [MS]

► Dhegiha: ke ha (ke há) - turtle shell [Omaha/Ponca]; ke ha (ke há) - turtle shell, tortoise [Omaha]

 

shells, stomp dance shells

► ke-ha a-na-xa-da (kkehá anaxáda) - shell shaker, stomp dance shells [MS]

► cf. ke-ha (kkéhá) - turtle shell

► ex: ke-ha a-na-xa-da ho-taⁿ aⁿ-ka-niⁿ iⁿ-ke (kkehá anaɣáda hóttą ąkanį́ įké) - we have some good shell shakers [MS]

 

shine

► ba-di-kdi (badíkdi) - shine ► pa-di-kdi (ppádikdi) - I, shpa-di-kdi (špádikdi) - you

 

shine or polish by rubbing

► bi-te-ka (bitteka) - shine, polish rubbing ► pi-te-ka (ppítteka) - I, shpi-te-ka (špítteka) - you

► cf. bi (bi) - by pressing, rubbing; te-ka (ttéka) - new; di-te-ka (dittéka) - repair, renew; mi-aⁿ-pa te-ka (mią́pa ttéka) - new moon; o-ma-ni-ka te-ka (ománikka ttéka) - New Year’s Day; kde-taⁿ mi te-ka (ktçe-t͓ŭⁿ́ mi té-k͓a), (ktqetăⁿ́ mi ték͓a) - female name of the Kwapa wa-zhiⁿ-ka (wajiñk͓a) or Bird gens; New Hawk Female [JOD]

► Dhegiha: bi-te-ga (bitega) - polish, shine, make look new [Omaha]; bi-te-ga (bi-t͓é-ga) - to rub a knife, gun, etc., polishing it till it seems new [JOD-Omaha]; bi-ʰtse-ga (bi-ṭsé-ga) - to make bright; to polish [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: te-ga (t͓ega) - new [Omaha/Ponca]; te-ga (tega) - new [Omaha]; ʰtse-ga (ṭsé-ga) - new, recently, anew, early [FL-Osage]; ʰtse-ka (ʰcéka) - new, newly, fresh, recent, recently, just now, just a while ago [CQ-Osage]; tse-ga (céga) - new, first time, anew, right now, just now [Kaw]

 

shines, upper world which shines with white light

► ma-xe o-ta-saⁿ-haⁿ (maγe ottasąhą) - aurora

► cf. ma-xe (máxe) - sky, cloudless, also “the upper world”; saⁿ-haⁿ (są́hą) - whitish, grayish [JOD]

► Dhegiha: moⁿ-xe (moⁿxe) - sky [Omaha]; ma-xe (má-xe), maⁿ-xe (máⁿ-xe) - the upper world [JOD-Omaha]; moⁿ-xe (móⁿ-xe) - the sky [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-xe (mą́ąɣe) - sky, weather, the upper world [CQ-Osage]; maⁿ-ghe (máⁿghe) - sky, weather, the upper world [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: soⁿ-hoⁿ (çóⁿ-hoⁿ) - resembling white, whitened animal skins [FL-Osage]; saⁿ-haⁿ (sáⁿhaⁿ) - whitish, grayish [Kaw]

 

shingled, wear the hair shingled

► a-di-ski (adiskí) - wore the hair shingled [JOD]

► a-di-ski (ádiski) - cut off all the hair, shave ► a-bdi-ski (ábdiski) - I, a-ti-ski (áttiski) - you

► ex: e-ti ni-ka naⁿ-haⁿ ke a-di-ski naⁿ-hi pa naⁿ (étti níkka nąhą́ ke adiskí ną́hi pá ną) - back then, the grown men only wore their hair shaved [JOD]

► ex: ni-zhi-ha a-di-ski (nižíha ádiski) - shave the head, crop short, to shave or cut off short, as the hair of the head

► ex: we-da-di-ski (wédadíski) - scissors

 

shining brightly

► ta-pi-pi-zhe (ttápipíže) - shining brightly [JOD]

 

shining, sun shining

► ma-shte pe-taⁿ (mašté péttą) - summertime, sun shining [MS]

► cf. ma-shte (mašté) - warm, to be warm; west; pe-taⁿ (péttą) - summer

► Dhegiha: ma-shte (mashté) - warm [Omaha/Ponca]; moⁿ-shte (moⁿshte) - warm, sunny day, sunshine [Omaha]; moⁿ-shte (moⁿ-shte), moⁿ-stse (móⁿ-stse) - hot weather, a hot day [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-shtse (mąąšcé) - be warm weather, hot weather, sunny weather [CQ-Osage]; mo-shtse (moshcé), ma-sche (masché) - hot, warm, as weather; be hot, as a person; the warm months, March through September [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: me-daⁿ (me-dáⁿ) - spring time, in the spring; during the spring [JOD-Omaha]; be-doⁿ (be doⁿ) - in the spring [FL-Osage]; pe-taⁿ (pée tą) - in the spring, in springtime, when it is spring [CQ-Osage]

 

shiny, glittering, shines

► xaⁿ-xaⁿ (xą́xą) - glittering, shiny, shines

► ex: siⁿ-te xaⁿ-xaⁿ (siń-t͓e xaⁿ́-xaⁿ) - masculine name, (Deer’s) Tail Shows red now and then in the distance (as the deer runs); (Deer’s) tail shows red at intervals in the distance (Jas. Thompson) [JOD]

► Dhegiha: xoⁿ-xoⁿ (xoⁿxoⁿ) - glittering [JOD-Omaha]; xoⁿ-xoⁿ (xoⁿ-xóⁿ) - shines [FL-Osage]; xaⁿ-xaⁿ (xą́xą) - shiny [CQ-Osage]; xaⁿ-xaⁿ (xáⁿxaⁿ) - shine [Kaw]

 

shirt

► o-ki-kdi-xda (okkíkdixda), o-ki-kda-xda (okkíkdaxda) - shirt

► o-ki-kdi-o-xda (okkíkdióxda), o-ki-kdi-o-kda (okkíkdiókda) - shirt [MS]

► o-ki-kdi-xda (ukígdixta) - shirt [ASG]

► o-ki-kda-xda (okigxata) - woman’s short shirt, from mī hī ta [MH]

► Dhegiha: o-ʰku-laⁿ (oʰkúlą), o-ʰki-laⁿ (oʰkílą) - clothes, lit., ‘that which one puts oneself into’ [CQ-Osage]; o-ʰki-o-laⁿ (óʰkioolą́) - put on oneself or dress in (e.g., a shirt or a dress); dress oneself, put on clothes [CQ-Osage]; o-ki-o-xla (ókiloxla), o-ki-laⁿ-xla (ókilaⁿxla) - clothes, coat, shirt, tunic [Kaw]

 

► ta ha o-ki-kdi-xda (ttahá okkíkdixdá) - man’s shirt, coat, tunic, made of buckskin

► cf. ta ha (ttahá) - deerskin; o-ki-kdi-xda (okkíkdixda), o-ki-kda-xda (okkíkdaxda) - shirt

 

► a-da-ti-pa (ádatipa) - shirt [ASG]

 

shirt, no shirt

► do-ka-niⁿ (dokkánį), to-ka-niⁿ (tokkánį) - naked to the waist; stripped to the waist ► aⁿ-to-ka-ni (ątókkani) - I’m, di-to-ka-ni (ditókkani) - you’re

► ex: to-ka-ni o-zha (tokkáni óža) - war dance, “no shirt dance” [MS]

► ex: zho do-ka-niⁿ hi (žó dokkánį hí) - naked, nude

► ex: i-ti-knaⁿ naⁿ-hi i-ti-knaⁿ pa naⁿ ni-ka naⁿ-haⁿ ke, do-ka-ni hi pa naⁿ (ittíkną ną́hi ittíkną pá ną níkka nąhą́ ke, dokkáni hi pá ną) - the grown men only wore a breach cloth, they were naked to the waist (no shirt) [JOD]

► ex: si do-ka-niⁿ (si dókkanį́) - to be barefoot

► Dhegiha: nu-ka-thiⁿ (nuká¢iⁿ) - naked, stripped to the waist [JOD-Omaha]; tho-ʰka-thiⁿ (tho-ḳá-thiⁿ), thu-ʰka-thiⁿ (thú-ḳa-thiⁿ), nu-ʰka-thiⁿ (nu-ḳa-thiⁿ) - stripped to the waist; nude, naked [FL-Osage]; yo-ka-yiⁿ (yokáyiⁿ) - naked, stripped to the waist [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ha thu-ka-thiⁿ-i (há¢uká¢iⁿi) - naked [JOD-Omaha]; ha thu-ga-thiⁿ (ha thúgathiⁿ) - naked, nude, bare [Omaha]

 

shirt, turn up the sleeve of a shirt or coat

► a a-ki-pa-xta-na (á ákkippáxtana) - to roll up a sleeve; turn up the sleeve of a shirt or coat

► cf. a (a) - arm; a-ki-pa-xta-na (ákkippáxtana) - roll up, turn over; niⁿ-te o-di-shiⁿ a-ki-pa-xta-na (nį́tte ódišį ákkippaxtana) - to turn (roll up) the legs of pants

► Dhegiha: a-ki-pa (akipa) - meet [Omaha]; a-ʰki-ʰpa (á-ḳi-p̣a) - to meet another [FL-Osage]; a-ʰki-ʰpa (áʰkiʰpa) - encounter, meet [CQ-Osage]; a-ki-pa (ákipa) - meet [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ʰki-ba-xtha (ḳí-ba-xtha) - meet face to face [FL-Osage]; u-ʰki-ba-xtha (u-ḳí-ba-xtha) - to meet face to face [FL-Osage]; o-ki-ki-ba-xla (okíkibaxla) - meet face to face, coming from opposite directions: said of more than one pair [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: u-ki-pa-toⁿ (ukipatoⁿ) - roll [Omaha]; u-ki-pa-taⁿ (ukípatáⁿ) - rolled himself over [JOD-Omaha]; u-ʰki-ʰpa-ʰtoⁿ-tha (u-ḳi-pa-ṭoⁿ-tha) - to roll over and over [FL-Osage]

 

shivered to pieces

► xnaⁿ-zha-de (xnąžáde) - shivered to pieces

► cf. di-xnaⁿ-zhe (dixną́že) - crack something, as an egg

► Dhegiha: xthoⁿ-zhe (xthóⁿ-zhe) - to crush with the hands [FL-Osage]; xloⁿ-zhe (xlóⁿzhe) - be crushed into small pieces, broken, to fall apart; where something is

rotten and you touch it and it just falls to pieces [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: thi-xthoⁿ-zhe (thi-xthóⁿ-zhe) - to smash or to squash, as to smash ripe fruit, to pulverize [FL-Osage]; thi-loⁿ-zhe (ðilǫ́že) - chop, grind, grind up [CQ-Osage]; yu-xloⁿ-zhe (yuxlóⁿzhe) - grind up, mash up, to reduce to small pieces or meal by turning around, as with a millstone, mash something up with your hands [Kaw]

 

shoe, to pull off someone’s shoe

► hoⁿ-pe ki-di-shto-te (hǫp͓é kidištótte) - to pull off someone’s moccasins

► cf. di-shto-te (dištótte) - pull off, uproot; ka-shto-te (kaštótte) - open a barrel; kdi-shto-te (kdištótte) - take off, remove one’s own; o-di-shto-te (odíštotte) - he pulled it off [JOD]; o-naⁿ-shto-te (onąštotte) - to kick off, remove by kicking [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ-pe ki-di-shto-ta-wi (hǫpé kidíštottáwi); hoⁿ-pe ki-di-shto-ta-i (hǫp͓é kidíštottá-i) - shoe/they pulled off from her [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ-pe i-maⁿ-ta ma-sa-ni ki-di-shto-ta-i ni-he (hǫpé imą́tta masáni kidíštottá-inihé) - pull off her other shoe, the one on the other side! [JOD]

► Dhegiha: a-ba-zhnu-de (ábazhnúde) - push off, shove off, as one’s coat [Omaha/Ponca]; tha-zhnu-de (thazhnúde) - to pull out a splinter or small nail with the teeth [Omaha/Ponca]; thi-stsu-dse (thi-stsú-dse) - to draw or pull off [FL-Osage]; a-noⁿ-stsu-dse (á-noⁿ-stsu-dse) - kick off, as a shoe [FL-Osage]; hoⁿ-be a-gthi-stsu-dse (hoⁿ-be a-gthi-stsu-dse) - I pulled off my moccasins [FL-Osage]; hoⁿ-be tha-gthi-stsu-dse (hoⁿ-bé tha-gthi-stsu-dse) - you pulled off your moccasins [FL-Osage]; thi-shto-we (ðiištówe) - take off or remove a garment, undress, remove or take off by pulling, pull off a shoe or boot, pull a tooth to remove it [CQ-Osage]; yu-shto-je (yushtóje) - remove a garment; take off an article of clothing; undress [Kaw]

 

shoelace, to come undone as a shoelace

► naⁿ-kda (nąkdá) - loosen; come undone, as a shoelace or moccasin string ► a-naⁿ-kda (aną́kda) - I, da-naⁿ-kda (daną́kda) - you

► cf. naⁿ (ną) - by action of the foot; da-kda (dakdá) - undo with the mouth, teeth; naⁿ-pe ba-kda (nąpé bakdá), ba-kda (bakdá) - open the hand; bi-kda (bikdá) - press out, push or blow loose; di-kda (dikdá) - undo, untie, pull loose; di-ki-kda (dikkíkda) - open, lift off as a door/plank; ka-kda (kakdá) - sway

► Dhegiha: gtha (gtha) - unbraided, unwoven [Omaha/Ponca]; ba-gtha (bagthá) - untie, unmake, loosen, to undo braided hair, plaited rope, etc. [Omaha/Ponca]; thi-gtha (thigtha) - unroll, untie [Omaha]; ga-gtha (ga-gthá) - to make one’s hair become undone by accident [FL-Osage]

 

shoelaces, moccasin strings

► hoⁿ-be-koⁿ (hǫbékkǫ) - shoelaces, moccasin strings

► cf. hoⁿ-be (hǫbé), hoⁿ-pe (hǫpé) - shoes, moccasins; koⁿ (kkǫ), kaⁿ (kką) - root of a plant; sinew, string, line

► Dhegiha: hiⁿ-be koⁿ (hiⁿbékoⁿ) - moccasin strings [Omaha/Ponca]; hiⁿ-be goⁿ (hiⁿbe goⁿ), hiⁿ-be koⁿ (hiⁿbe koⁿ) - shoelace [Omaha]; hoⁿ-be ʰkoⁿ (hoⁿ-be ḳoⁿ) - moccasin or shoe string [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: koⁿ (koⁿ) - sinew, root, string [Omaha/Ponca]; koⁿ (koⁿ) - blood vessel, veins, artery, root, string [Omaha]; ʰkoⁿ (ʰkoⁿ) - a vein or blood vessel, roots of trees or plants, sinew [FL-Osage]; ʰkaⁿ (ʰką́), ʰkoⁿ (ʰkǫ́) - vein, artery, blood vessel [CQ-Osage]; k’aⁿ (kʔą) - root [CQ-Osage]; kaⁿ (kaⁿ) - vein, artery, root, sinew, string [Kaw]

 

shoes

► a-noⁿ-ta-xe (ánǫttáxe) - shoes

► cf. a (a) - on, upon; naⁿ-ta-xe (nąttáxe) - stomp, trample, thump with feet

► Dhegiha: a-noⁿ-ʰta-xi (á-noⁿ-ṭa-xi) - shoes, “á, on which to; noⁿ, action of the feet; ṭa-xi, clattering noise” [FL-Osage]

 

shoes, moccasins

► hoⁿ-be (hǫbé), hoⁿ-pe (hǫpé) - shoes, moccasins

► hoⁿ-be (hǫbé), hoⁿ-pe (hǫpé) - shoe [MS, AB, OM]

► hoⁿ-pe (hōn-peh) - slipper or shoe (chausson ou soulier) [GI]

► hoⁿ-be (hǫBé) - moccasin [FS]

► ex: hoⁿ-pe wi-ta (hǫpé wítta) - my shoes [MS]

► ex: hoⁿ-be niⁿ-kʰe (hǫbé nįkʰe) - the (singular sitting) moccasin

► ex: hoⁿ-be tʰe (hǫbé tʰe) - the (pair of sitting) moccasins

► ex: hoⁿ-pe ni-kaⁿ-ni (hǫpé níkkąní) - both shoes, pair of shoes [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ-be-xti (hǫbéxti) - moccasins,” real shoes”

► ex: ta hoⁿ-be (tta hǫbé) - moccasin, “deer shoes” [MS, AB, OM]

► ex: ta-ha hoⁿ-pe (ttahá hǫpé) - moccasins, “deer hide shoes”

► ex: hoⁿ-be ste-te (hǫbé stétte) - boots, “tall shoes” [MS]

► ex: shoⁿ-hoⁿ-be-ki-de (šǫ́hǫbékide) - boots

► ex: iⁿ-tʰaⁿ ha hoⁿ-pe (įtʰą́ ha hǫpé) - owl skin moccasins [JOD]

► ex: shi-naⁿ iⁿ-tʰaⁿ ha hoⁿ-pe ni-kaⁿ-ni o-tʰaⁿ naⁿ, i-ya (šíną įtʰą́ ha hǫpé níkkąní otʰą́ ną, iyá) - and he (Rabbit’s son) put on a pair of owl skin moccasins, it is said [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ-pe niⁿ-kʰe a-niⁿ zhaⁿ-di-taⁿ-da zhi-ka o-kniⁿ a-taⁿ tʰi-we (hǫ́p͓é nįkʰé ánį žą́dittą́da žiká oknį áttą tʰíwe) - they came riding in a small wagon with the shoe [JOD]

► ex: e hoⁿ-pe niⁿ-kʰe, hu-wa-ke ki-shoⁿ-i naⁿ, ka-hi-ke taⁿ-ka e-zhiⁿ-ke knoⁿ-ke te (e hǫp͓é nįkʰé huwake kišǫ́i ną kahíke ttą́ka ežį́ke knǫké tte) - that shoe, whoever it fits, Big Chief’s son will marry her [JOD]

► Dhegiha: hiⁿ-be (hiⁿ-bé), haⁿ-be (haⁿ-bé) - moccasins [Omaha/Ponca]; hiⁿ-be (hiⁿbe) - moccasins [Omaha]; hoⁿ-be (hoⁿ-bé) - moccasins [FL-Osage]; hoⁿ-pe (hǫǫpé) - moccasins, shoes [CQ-Osage]; haⁿ-be (haⁿbé), hoⁿ-be (hoⁿbé) - shoes, moccasins [Kaw]

 

shoes, to put on one’s own shoes

► o-ki-tʰoⁿ (okítʰǫ) - put on, as leggings or moccasins ► o-a-ki-tʰoⁿ (oákitʰǫ) - I, o-da-ki-tʰoⁿ (odákitʰǫ) - you

► cf. o-tʰaⁿ (otʰą́), o-tʰoⁿ (otʰǫ́) - put on shoes or leggings, wear

► ex: hoⁿ-pe o-a-ki-tʰoⁿ (hǫpé oákitʰǫ) - moccasins/let me put on my [JOD]

► ex: “wi-zhiⁿ-de, hoⁿ-pe o-a-ki-tʰoⁿ taⁿ,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“wižį́de, hǫpé oákitʰǫ tą́,” iyí iyá maštį́ke) - “my elder brother, let me put on my moccasins,” it is said Rabbit said [JOD]

► ex: “e-koⁿ-te-he, wi-zhiⁿ-de, hoⁿ-pe o-a-ki-tʰoⁿ miⁿ-kʰe,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“ékǫttehé, wižį́de, hǫpé oákitʰǫ mįkʰé,” iyí iyá maštį́ke) - “wait, my elder brother, I am putting on my moccasins,” it is said Rabbit said [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ-pe o-da-ki-tʰoⁿ ni-kʰe (hǫpé odákitʰǫ nikʰé) - moccasins/you who are putting on your [JOD]

► ex: o-ti-ti! hoⁿ-pe o-da-ki-tʰoⁿ ni-kʰe! (óttitti! hǫpé odákitʰǫ nikʰé!) - hurry! you putter on of moccasins! [JOD]

► Dhegiha: u-gi-taⁿ (u-gí-taⁿ) - to put on his own leggings or pants [JOD-Omaha]; hiⁿ-bu-gi-tʰaⁿ (hiⁿ-bú-gi-t͓ăⁿ) - to put on or wear his own moccasins [JOD-Omaha]; o-ki-txaⁿ (okítxą), o-ki-kxaⁿ (okíkxą) - put on one’s own pants or shoes [CQ-Osage]

 

shoes, to put on shoes

► o-tʰaⁿ (otʰą́), o-tʰoⁿ (otʰǫ́) - put on shoes or leggings, wear ► o-a-tʰaⁿ (oátʰą) - I, o-da-tʰaⁿ (odátʰą) - you

► cf. o-ki-tʰoⁿ (okítʰǫ) - put on, as leggings or moccasins

► ex: hoⁿ-pe ni-kaⁿ-ni o-tʰaⁿ (hǫpé níkkąní otʰą́) - moccasin/both/he put on [JOD]

► ex: shi-naⁿ iⁿ-tʰaⁿ ha hoⁿ-pe ni-kaⁿ-ni o-tʰaⁿ naⁿ, i-ya (šíną įtʰą́ ha hǫpé níkkąní otʰą́ ną, iyá) - and he (Rabbit’s son) put on a pair of owl skin moccasins, it is said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: u-taⁿ (u-taⁿ́) - to put on leggings; to put on moccasins [JOD-Omaha]; hiⁿ-bu-toⁿ (hiⁿbútoⁿ) - to put on or wear moccasins [Omaha/Ponca]; se-hiⁿ-be u-tʰoⁿ (séhiⁿbe utʰóⁿ) - put on, snowshoe; to put on snow shoes [Omaha/Ponca]; hoⁿ-be u-toⁿ (hoⁿ-bé u-toⁿ) - to put on moccasins or shoes [FL-Osage]; o-txaⁿ (otxą́), o-kxaⁿ (okxą́) - put on (e.g., pants, shoes) [CQ-Osage]

 

shoes, to rip or tear one’s shoes

► naⁿ-bda-ze (nąbdaze) - tear, rip one’s shoes ► a-naⁿ-bda-ze (anąbdaze) - I, da-naⁿ-bda-ze (danąbdaze) - you

► cf. naⁿ (ną) - by action of the foot; ki-naⁿ-bda-ze (kínąbdaze) - tear, rip with the foot; di-bda-ze (dibdáze) - tear, rip, rupture; di-bda-bda-ze (dibdábdaze) - tear to pieces, disembowel; ka-bda-ze (kabdáze), ka-bda-se (kabdáse) - burst

► Dhegiha: noⁿ-btha-ze (noⁿ-btha-çe) - to tear, to tear one’s trousers by kicking [FL-Osage]; naⁿ-bla-ze (naⁿbláze) - to tear or tear open with the foot; to make burst open by kicking; to tear open moccasins or leggings; pants to split [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: btha-ze (btháze) - split, ripped, split open, ripped open [Omaha/Ponca]; bra-ze (bráze) - torn [CQ-Osage]; bla-ze (bláze) - torn, be torn [Kaw]

 

shoes, to wear down shoes by walking

► naⁿ-to-ke (nąttóke) - wear down by walking, as shoes ► a-naⁿ-to-ke (aną́ttoke) - I, da-naⁿ-to-ke (daną́ttoke) - you

► cf. naⁿ (ną) - by action of the foot; bi-to-ke (bittóke) - wear away by rubbing or file; ba-to-ke (battóke) - wear away, wear out; da-to-ke (dattóke) - dull, wear the teeth, blunt; di-to-ke (dittóke) - dull, blunt a tool; ka-to-ke (kattóke) - wear down by striking, to dull; pa-to-ke (páttoke) - wear away a knife blade; po-to-ke (póttoke) - dull by punching, as a spear

 

shoot a rope or cord in two

► po-ba-xe (póbaγe) - shoot a rope or cord in two ► po-a-ba-xe (poabaγe) - I, po-da-ba-xe (pódabáγe) - you

► cf. po (pó) - by shooting, blowing, punching; ba-ba-xe (babáγe) - break by thrusting; da-ba-xe (dabáγe) - bite in two; di-ba-xe (dibáxe) - break by pulling; ka-ba-xe (kabáγe) - cut (a cord) in two; we-ka-ba-xe (wékabáγe) - mower, grass cutter; naⁿ-ba-xe (nąbáγe) - break a cord with the feet; pa-ba-xe (pábaγe) - cut in two, as a cord

 

shoot an arrow

► maⁿ de-de (mą déde) - shoot an arrow ► maⁿ de-a-de (mą déade) - I, maⁿ de-da-de (mą dédade) - you

arrow/the lg. ob./he sent it off [JOD]

► cf. maⁿ (mą) - arrow; de-de (déde) - sent away, causative of go

► ex: maⁿ kʰe de-de (mą́ kʰe déde) - arrow/the lg. ob./he sent it off [JOD]

► ex: maⁿ kʰe de-de naⁿ-haⁿ a-ki-de naⁿ ki-k’i kaⁿ-niⁿ, i-ya-we (mą́ kʰe déde nąhą akidé ną kikʔí ką-nį́, iyáwe) - if he shot an arrow off, he would go after it and give it back to him, he was moving around doing this for awhile, they said [JOD]

► ex: naⁿ-zha wa-zhiⁿ-ka naⁿ maⁿ ki-di-ze kaⁿ-niⁿ i-ya-we, wa-zhiⁿ-ka t’e-de naⁿ-haⁿ ki-di-ze kaⁿ-niⁿ i-ya-we, maⁿ kʰe de-de naⁿ-haⁿ a-ki-de naⁿ ki-k’i kaⁿ-niⁿ i-ya-we (ną́ža wažį́ka ną mą kidizé ką-nį iyáwe, wažį́ka tʔéde nąhą́ kidizé ką-nį́ iyáwe, mą́ kʰe déde nąhą akidé ną kikʔí ką-nį́ iyáwe) - when he would shoot at a bird, he would get his arrow for him, when he killed a bird, he got it for him, if he shot an arrow off, he would go after it and give it back to him, he was moving around doing this for awhile, they said [JOD]

 

shoot at in quick succession

► a-ki-kde-kde ki-te (ákkikdekde kkítte) - to shoot at in quick succession; fire a volley

► cf. a-ki-kde-kde (ákkikdekde) - one after another in quick succession, e.g. shots, events; indirectly, not even second hand; ki-te (kkítte) - shoot at something; to shoot; o-ki-kde-kde (ókikdékde) - set up in a row [JOD]; a-ki-kde-kde a-na-x’oⁿ (ákkikdekde anáxʔǫ) - I heard it indirectly

 

shoot at something

► ki-te (kkítte) - shoot at something; to shoot ► a-ki-te (akkítte) - I, da-ki-te (dakkítte) - you

► ki-te (kkítte) - shoot [MS]

► ex: wa-zhiⁿ-ka ki-te niⁿ taⁿ i-de (wažį́ka kkítte nį tą́ íde) - he was shooting birds when he found/saw him [JOD]

► ex: ma-shtiⁿ-ke niⁿ a-shi-aⁿ-he niⁿ i-ya-we, haⁿ-ka e-zhiⁿ-ke wa-zhiⁿ-ke ki-te niⁿ taⁿ a-shi-aⁿ-he i-ya-we ma-shtiⁿ-ke (maštį́ke nį ášią́he nį iyáwe, hą́ka ežį́ke wažį́ka kkítte nį tą́ ášią́he iyáwe maštį́ke) - the rabbit followed along behind, they say, when Haⁿ-ka’s son was shooting birds, rabbit followed along behind him, they say [JOD]

► ex: kda-tʰe ki-ha-i naⁿ wa-zhiⁿ-ka ki-te a-kda-zhiⁿ naⁿ (kdatʰé kihaí ną wažį́ka kkítte ákdažį́ ną) - when they finished eating (their own food), she commanded him (her relation) to go shoot some birds [JOD]

► ex: iⁿ-knaⁿ, wa-zhiⁿ ki-te da ni-he (įkną́, wažį́ kkíte dá-nihé) - first son, go shoot some birds! [JOD]

► ex: wa-zhiⁿ ki-te de naⁿ, i-ya-we (wažį́ kkítte dé ną, iyáwe) - he went to shoot a bird, they say [JOD]

► ex: ki-te da (kkítte dá) - go shoot him! [MS]

► ex: she-do i-hi ki-ta! (šédo ihí kkitta!) - it goes to you/shoot! [JOD]

► ex: “ho-hoo! wi-te-ke, ta miⁿ she-do i-hi ki-ta!” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“hohoó! wítteke, tta mį šédo ihí kkitta!” iyí iyá maštį́ke) - “oho! uncle (my mother’s brother), there is a deer approaching over there! Shoot it!” it is said Rabbit said [JOD]

► ex: e-shoⁿ ka-xa-da i-he-de naⁿ maⁿ-tʰo niⁿ ki-te naⁿ i-ya, ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-zhiⁿ-ke tʰaⁿ (ešǫ́ kaxáda ihéde ną mątʰó nį kkítte ną iyá, maštį́ke ežį́ke tʰą) - then the Rabbit’s son knocked down the Grizzly bear and shot him, it is said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: kʰi-de (kʰíde) - shoot [Omaha/Ponca]; ki-de (kide) - shoot [Omaha]; ʰku-dse (ḳú-dse) - to shoot [FL-Osage]; ʰku-tse (ʰkúce) - fire a gun, shoot a bow and arrow; shoot someone, shoot at someone [CQ-Osage]; ku-je (kúje) - shoot at something [Kaw]

 

shoot down

► o-po-xpa-de (opóxpade) - shoot down ► o-a-po-xpa-de (oápoxpade) - I, o-da-po-xpa-de (odápoxpade) - you

► cf. po (pó) - by shooting, blowing, punching; o-xpa-de (oxpáde) - fall from a height; ni o-xpa-de (ní oxpáde) - waterfall; mi-ka-x’e o-xpa-de (mikkáxʔe oxpáde) - meteor, shooting star, “falling”; o-ba-xpa-de (obáxpade) - push off and cause to fall; o-bi-xpa-de (obíxpade) - fall, cause by pressure/weight; o-di-xpa-de (odíxpade) - pull off and cause to fall; o-ka-xpa-de (okáxpade) - knock off, cause to fall off; o-naⁿ-xpa-de (oną́xpade) - kick something down; o-ki-xpa-de (okíxpade) - lose something

► Dhegiha: u-i-mu-xpa-the (uímuqpáthe) - to make fall by shooting or to shoot down, as a bird on the wing, for or instead of another [Omaha/Ponca]; o-bo-xpa-ye (obóxpaye) - shoot down, shoot and cause to fall [Kaw]

 

shoot in two, break punching

► po-xoⁿ (póxǫ) - shoot in two, break punching ► po-a-xoⁿ (poáxǫ) - I, po-da-xoⁿ (pódaxǫ) - you, po-oⁿ-xoⁿ-we (Póǫxǫwé) - we

► cf. po (po) - by shooting, blowing, punching; bi-xoⁿ (bixǫ́) - break, crush; da-xoⁿ (daxǫ́) - break by biting; di-xoⁿ (dixǫ́) - break, as a stick with the hands; ka-xoⁿ (kaxǫ́) - break something by hitting it; a-ka-xoⁿ (ákaxǫ) - break something by striking another object; pa-xoⁿ (páxǫ) - cut apart, disjoint

► Dhegiha: mu-xaⁿ (mú-qaⁿ) - to break by shooting, as the limb of a tree [JOD-Omaha]; bo-xoⁿ (bóxoⁿ) - break, as a bone, by shooting [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: xaⁿ (qaⁿ) - broken, but not in two: said of a chair, bone, etc. [JOD-Omaha]; xoⁿ (xoⁿ) - to break [FL-Osage]; xoⁿ (xoⁿ) - break, (be) broken; (be) broke, without money or penniless (a loan translation) [CQ-Osage]; xoⁿ (xoⁿ) - broken, but not in two, used in reference to wood, bones, metal, etc. [Kaw]

 

shoot one another, battle, war

► ki-ki-te (kkikkítte) - shoot one another, battle ► da-ki-ki-te (dakkíkkitte) - you

► ki-ki-te (kkikkítte) - war [MS]

► cf. ki-te (kkítte) - shoot at something; to shoot

► Dhegiha: ʰku-ʰku-dse (ḳu-ḳú-dse) - to shoot repeatedly; used in describing a fight [FL-Osage]; ʰki-ʰku-tse (ʰkiʰkúce) - shoot each other, shoot at each other [CQ-Osage]; ku-ku-je (kukúje) - shoot repeatedly; shoot one another; shoot at each other; shoot oneself [Kaw]

 

shoot or punch apart or to pieces

► po-za-za-te (pózazátte) - punch, shoot apart/to pieces ► po-a-za-za-te (póazazátte) - I, po-da-za-za-te (pódazazátte) - you

► cf. po (po) - by shooting, blowing; ba-za-za-te (bazázatte) - cut, stab to shreds; bi-za-za-te (bizázatte) - split from pressure; da-za-za-te (dazázatte) - chew something to slivers; di-za-za-te (dizázatte) - pull to shreds; ka-za-za-te (kazázatte) - chop to pieces, slivers; naⁿ-za-za-te (nązázatte) - kick to pieces, splinters; pa-za-za-te (pázazátte) - split, shred, cut to splinters

► Dhegiha: za-za-de (zazade) - ragged [Omaha]; za-za-de (zá-za-de) - extending apart, similar to the sticks of a fan, projecting in fanlike rays, etc. [JOD-Omaha]; i-thi-za-za-de (ithi zazade) - jagged [Omaha]; ga-za-za-de (ga-zá-za-de) - to hackle, as corn-husks; to tear clothing in shreds or strips [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: ga-za-za-be (ga-çá-ça-be) - to whip with a switch or a quirt; to thrash [FL-Osage]; ga-za-za-be (gazázabe) - beat a stick into slivers [Kaw]; ba-za-za-be (bazázabe) - push apart into slivers [Kaw]; ba-za-za-be (bázazábe) - cut to slivers with a knife [Kaw]; ya-za-za-be (yazázabe) - chew into slivers, chew to pieces [Kaw]; yu-za-za-be (yuzázabe) - twist to pieces; to twist a stick into slivers [Kaw]

 

shoot or punch into view

► po-wa-di-shta (pówadišta) - punch, shoot into view ► po-a-wa-di-shta (póawádišta) - I, po-da-wa-di-shta (pódawádišta) - you

► cf. po (po) - by shooting, blowing, punching; wa-di-shta (wadíšta) - visible, plain; di-shta (dištá) - smoothe, plane, sand; shta (šta) - smooth, bald, bare; ba-wa-di-shta (bawádišta) - knock into view; da-wa-di-shta (dawádištá) - declare a thing to be something; ka-wa-di-shta (kawádišta) - uncover, open up; naⁿ-wa-di-shta (nąwádišta) - uncover with the feet; ta-wa-di-shta (táwadíšta) - burn off, clear by burning; pa-wa-di-shta (páwadišta) - skin an animal

► Dhegiha: wa-thi-shna (wa-¢í-c͓na) - to be visible, clear, plain [JOD-Omaha]; wa-yu-shta (wayúshta) - visible, to be in sight [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ba-wa-thi-shna (ba-wá-¢i-c͓na) - to punch at an object under the surface of the water, etc., making it appear [JOD-Omaha]; ga-wa-thi-shna (ga-wá-¢i-c͓na) - to make visible by digging, as something buried under ground, snow, etc.; to blow off the sand or snow, causing what was covered to appear [JOD-Omaha]; shi-wa-thi-shna (shíwathishna) - appear [Omaha]; thi-wa-thi-shna (thi wathishna) - reveal, show, bring out [Omaha]

 

shoot or punch to pieces

► po-to-we (póttowe) - punch or shoot to pieces ► po-a-to-we (póattówe) - I, po-da-to-we (pódattówe) - you

► cf. po (po) - by shooting, blowing; ba-to-we (battówe) - break into pieces, cut up; bi-to-we (bittówe) - break, crumble into pieces; da-to-we (dattówe) - chew to pieces; di-to-we (dittówe) - plow, pulverize the soil

we-di-to-we (wédittówe) - plow; ka-to-we (kattówe) - shatter, break in pieces; ka-to-we de-de (kattówe déde) - throw at and shatter; pa-to-we (páttowe) - cut into large pieces; naⁿ-to-we (nąttówe) - step on or kick and break something; to-wa-de (ttowáde) - crumble of it’s own accord

► Dhegiha: a-ba-tu-be (ábatube) - crush, to crush on something by punching, pounding, or ramming [Omaha/Ponca]; bi-tu-be (bitúbe) - crumble, to make something crumble by weight or pressure, as an old log or stump [Omaha/Ponca]; ga-tu-be (gátube) - crumble [Omaha]; tha-tu-be (thátube) - crush with the teeth, chew [Omaha]; ba-ʰto-be (bá-ṭo-be) - to slice, to cut up [FL-Osage]; ga-ʰto-be (ga-ṭo-be) - to shatter, to pulverize [FL-Osage]; ba-to-be (batóbe) - grind, pound fine [Kaw]; yu-to-we (yutówe), yu-to-be (yutóbe) - plow, break virgin ground, to grind, grind up [Kaw]; i-yu-to-we (íyutowe), i-yu-to-be (íyutobe) - tear something up [Kaw]

 

shoot or punch to slivers

► po-ste-ste (pósteste) - shoot or punch to slivers ► po-a-ste-ste (póastéste) - I, po-da-ste-ste (pódastéste) - you

► cf. po (po) - by shooting, blowing, punching; po-ste (póste) - graze shooting and gash; ba-ste-ste (bastéste) - cut to shreds, stab repeatedly; ba-ste (basté) - cut into, gash; bi-ste-ste (bistéste) - split repeatedly, shred; bi-ste (bisté) - split, gash; da-ste-ste (dásteste) - chew into slivers, v. split; da-ste (dasté) - split with teeth; di-ste-ste (distéste) - pull into shreds, slivers; di-ste (disté) - split, pull off string; ka-ste-ste (kastéste) - cut or beat to shreds/slivers; ka-ste-ste-ye (kastésteye) - to have cut to shreds; ka-ste (kasté) - gash, split something; naⁿ-ste-ste (nąstéste) - kick or tread to pieces; naⁿ-ste (nąsté) - kick a gash in something; pa-ste-ste (pásteste) - cut to slivers, split often; pa-ste (páste) - gash, cut with a knife blade

► Dhegiha: ba-stse-stse-ge (bá-stse-stse-ge) - to gash the skin with a knife [FL-Osage]; ga-stse-stse-ge (ga-stsé-stse-ge) - to gash the skin repeatedly [FL-Osage]; thi-stse-stse-ge (thi-stsé-stse-ge) - to tear into shreds [FL-Osage]; bu-sce-sce-ge (buscéscege) - wear clothing to shreds [Kaw]; ga-stse-stse-ge (gascéscege) - gash the skin or split wood repeatedly [Kaw]; yu-sce-sce-ge (yuscéscege) - cut into strips, pull to shreds [Kaw]

 

shoot something for someone

► ki-ki-te (kíkkitte) - shoot (at) something for someone ► a-ki-te (ákkitte) - I, da-ki-te (dákkitte) - you

► cf. ki-te (kkítte) - shoot at something; to shoot

► Dhegiha: gi-kʰi-de (gíkʰide) - to shoot at an object, as a duck, for or instead of another [Omaha/Ponca]

 

shoot them

► wa-ki-te (wakkítte) - to shoot them [JOD]

► cf. wa (wa) - things, stuff, people, folks, they, them; ki-te (kkítte) - shoot at something; to shoot

► ex: wa-da-ki-te (wadákkitté) - you shoot them [JOD]

► ex: wa-zhiⁿ-ka wa-da-ki-te naⁿ maⁿ wi-bdi-ze a-maⁿ-bdiⁿ te a-shi-aⁿ-he a-ni-he (wažį́ka wadákkitté ną́ mą́ wibdíze amą́bdį tte ášią́he anihé) - when you shoot the birds, I’ll walk behind you getting the arrows for you [JOD]

► ex: wa-ki-te (wakkítte) - he shot them [JOD]

► ex: naⁿ-zha wa-zhiⁿ-ka wa-ki-te naⁿ maⁿ ki-di-ze kaⁿ niⁿ (ną́ža wažį́ka wakkítte ną mą kidizé ką-nį) - then when he shot the birds, he would move around getting the arrows for him [JOD]

► Dhegiha: wa-ku-je (wakúje) - shoot at them [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: kʰi-de (kʰíde) - shoot [Omaha/Ponca]; ki-de (kide) - shoot [Omaha]; ʰku-dse (ḳú-dse) - to shoot [FL-Osage]; ʰku-tse (ʰkúce) - fire a gun, shoot a bow and arrow; shoot someone, shoot at someone [CQ-Osage]; ku-je (kúje) - shoot at something [Kaw]

 

shoot through something

► o-po-xdo (opóxdo), o-po-kto (opókto) - shoot through something ► o-a-po-xdo (oápoxdo) - I, o-da-po-xdo (odápoxdo) - you

► cf. po (po) - by shooting, blowing; ba-xdo (baxdó), ba-xto (baxtó) - pierce, stab, perforate; ka-xdo (kaxdó), ka-xto (kaxtó) - he got through [JOD]

 

shoot, pull the bow

► maⁿ di-taⁿ (mądíttą) - shoot, pull the bow

► cf. maⁿ (mą) - arrow; di-taⁿ (dittą́) - pull with the hands, tug; maⁿ-te di-taⁿ (mą́tte dittą́) - pull a bowstring

► ex: maⁿ-di-taⁿ (mądíttą) - pulling the bow; to pull the bow [JOD]

► ex: “e-ska, wi-zhiⁿ-ke, she-to maⁿ-di-taⁿ pi-oⁿ taⁿ-niⁿ tʰi-da-da naⁿ e-koⁿ kaⁿ,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“éska, wižį́ke, šétto mądíttą ppiǫ́ ttą́nį tʰidáda ną ékǫ kką,” iyí iyá maštį́ke) - “oh my son I hope that you become like a boy that knows how to pull a bow well and begins to run now and then for short distances,” it is said Rabbit said [JOD]

to pull the bow

► ex: “e-ska, wi-zhiⁿ-ke, she-to naⁿhaⁿ maⁿ-di-taⁿ si-si hi naⁿ-we e-koⁿ kaⁿ,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“éska, wižį́ke, šétto nąhą́ mądíttą sisí hi ną-wé ékǫ kką,” iyí iyá maštį́ke) - “oh my son I hope that you become like the grown boys who pull a bow and are very active (able to run swiftly and far),” it is said Rabbit said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: moⁿ thi-daⁿ (moⁿthídoⁿ) - to pull the arrow (on the bows string) in order to discharge the arrow [Omaha/Ponca]; maⁿ thi-daⁿ (maⁿ¢ídaⁿ) - pull the bow [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: moⁿ (moⁿ) - arrow [Omaha/Ponca]; moⁿ (moⁿ) - arrow [Omaha]; maⁿ (maⁿ) - an arrow [JOD-Omaha]; moⁿ (moⁿ) - an arrow [FL-Osage]; maⁿ (mą́), moⁿ (mǫ́) - arrow; staff used at peyote meetings [CQ-Osage]; maⁿ (maⁿ) - arrow [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: thi-daⁿ (¢idáⁿ) - pull [JOD-Omaha]; thi-doⁿ (thi-dóⁿ) - to pull with the hands; to tug [FL-Osage]; thi-taⁿ (ðiitą́) - pull; drag, tug [CQ-Osage]; yu-daⁿ (yudáⁿ) - pull on something with the hands, tug on something; drag something [Kaw]

 

shooting star, meteor

► mi-ka-x’e o-xpa-de (mikkáxʔe oxpáde) - meteor, shooting star, falling star

► cf. mi-ka-x’e (mikkáxʔe) - star; o-xpa-de (oxpáde) - fall from a height; ni o-xpa-de (ní oxpáde) - waterfall

► Dhegiha: miⁿ-ka-’e u-xpa-the (miⁿká’e uqpáthe) - meteor, falling star [Omaha/Ponca]; mi-ʰka-ʰk’e u-xpa-the (mi-ḳá-ḳ’e u-xpa-the) - meteor, falling star [FL-Osage]; mi-ʰka-k’e o-xpa-the (miʰkákʔe oxpáðe) - falling star, meteor [CQ-Osage]; mi-ka-k’e o-xpa-ye (mikák’e oxpáye) - shooting star, meteor, lit. “star that falls” [Kaw]

 

shooting, blowing, punching

► po (po) - by shooting, blowing, punching: outer instrumental prefix

► Dhegiha: bo (bo), bu (bu) - to shoot and send a thing rolling [FL-Osage]; po (pó) - by means of sudden intrusive action e.g., ‘by shooting’, ‘by punching’ [CQ-Osage]; bo (bó) - instrumental prefix: by punching, blowing with the mouth, by shooting [Kaw]

 

shooting, drum against by shooting

► po-ko-ko (pókkokko) - drum against by shooting ► po-a-ko-ko (poakkokko) - I, po-da-ko-ko (pódakkokko) - you

► cf. po (po) - by shooting, blowing; po-ko-ke (pókkoke) - rumbling from shooting against; ba-ko-ko (bakkókko) - drum repeatedly; ba-ko-ke (bakkóke) - drum, thump as on a door; bi-ko-ko (bikkókko) - drum with the palm repeatedly; bi-ko-ke (bikkóke) - drum on something with palm; ka-ko-ko (kakkókko) - beat a drum repeatedly; ka-ko-ke (kakkóke) - beat a drum; naⁿ-ko-ko (nąkkókko) - drum with the feet; naⁿ-ko-ke (nąkkóke) - drum on ground or floor with feet

 

shooting, graze shooting and gash

► po-ste (póste) - graze shooting and gash ► po-a-ste (póaste) - I, po-da-ste (pódaste) - you

► cf. po (pó) - by shooting, blowing, punching; po-ste-ste (pósteste) - shoot or punch to slivers; o-ste (oste) - crack, cracked, split; o-ste-ke (ostéke) - crack, split; ba-ste (basté) - cut into, gash; bi-ste (bisté) - split, gash; da-ste (dasté) - split with teeth; di-ste (disté) - split, pull off string; o-di-ste (odíste) - split by pulling a knife through; ka-ste (kasté) - gash, split something; o-ka-ste (okáste) - split something by striking; naⁿ-ste (nąsté) - kick a gash in something; pa-ste (páste) - gash, cut with a knife blade

 

shooting, graze something while shooting

► po-kʰiⁿ-te (pókʰįtte) - graze something while shooting ► po-a-kʰiⁿ-te (póakʰį́tte) - I, po-da-kʰiⁿ-te (pódakʰį́tte) - you

► cf. po (pó) - by shooting, blowing, punching; ba-kʰiⁿ-te (bakʰį́tte) - miss, slip pushing something; da-kʰiⁿ-te (dakʰį́tte) - bite at and miss, snap at; di-kʰiⁿ-te (dikʰį́tte) - lose grip, slip over; ka-kʰiⁿ-te (kakʰį́tte) - strike at and miss; kiⁿ-kʰiⁿ-te (kkį́kkįtté) - slippery; naⁿ-kʰiⁿ-te (nąkʰį́tte) - kick at and miss, pass by; pa-kʰiⁿ-te (pákʰįtte) - cut at something and miss it

► Dhegiha: ba-kshiⁿ-dse (ba-kshíⁿ-dse) - to miss an object at which a thrust is made, to scrape a hide [FL-Osage]; wa-kshiⁿ-dse (wá-kshiⁿ-dse) - to miss hitting them [FL-Osage]; noⁿ-kshiⁿ-dse (noⁿ-kshíⁿ-dse) - barely missing an object in kicking at it [FL-Osage]; thi-kshiⁿ-dse (thi-kshíⁿ-dse) - failure to get a good grasp or hold [FL-Osage]; ka-kshiⁿ-tse (kakšį́ce) - miss a target, miss out on by arriving late [CQ-Osage]; thi-kshiⁿ-tse (ðikšį́ce) - miss, fail at, be incorrect at, not get right, drop, let slip, let slip away [CQ-Osage]; ba-khiⁿ-je (bakhíⁿje) - miss, slip with a spear, to fail in cutting an object with a knife [Kaw]

 

shooting, miss a target shooting

► po-shnoⁿ-da (póšnǫda) - miss a target shooting ► po-a-shnoⁿ-da (póašnǫ́da) - I, po-da-shnoⁿ-da (pódašnǫ́da) - you

► cf. po (pó) - by shooting, blowing, punching; ba-shnoⁿ-da (bašnǫ́da) - push at and fail or miss; bi-shnoⁿ-da (bišnǫ́da) - fail, miss applying pressure; da-shnoⁿ-da (dašnǫ́da) - slip in eating, talking, etc.; di-shnoⁿ-da (dišnǫ́da) - let slip, fumble something; ka-shnoⁿ-da (kašnǫ́da) - miss the mark striking at something; naⁿ-shnoⁿ-da (nąšnǫ́da) - lose one’s footing, slip; pa-shnoⁿ-da (pášnǫda) - fail to cut something with a knife

► Dhegiha: zhnoⁿ (zhnoⁿ) - verb root, to miss, let fall, zhnoⁿ-tha (c͓naⁿ¢a), ba-zhnoⁿ (bac͓naⁿ), bu-zhnoⁿ (buc͓naⁿ), tha-zhnoⁿ (¢ac͓naⁿ), thi-zhnoⁿ (¢ic͓naⁿ), ga-zhnoⁿ (gac͓naⁿ), ma zhnoⁿ (mac͓naⁿ), mu-zhnoⁿ (muc͓naⁿ) [Omaha/Ponca]

 

shooting, miss in shooting or thrusting

► po-knoⁿ-da (póknǫda) - miss in shooting or thrusting ► po-a-knoⁿ-da (póaknǫ́da) - I, po-da-knoⁿ-da (pódaknǫ́da) - you

► cf. po (pó) - by shooting, blowing, punching; ba-knoⁿ-da (baknǫ́da) - miss when thrusting at; bi-knoⁿ-da (biknǫ́da) - miss, slip from under; da-knoⁿ-da (daknǫ́da) - snap at and miss; di-kdoⁿ-da (dikdǫ́da) - fumble, let slip, fail to hold; ka-knoⁿ-da (kaknǫ́da) - fail in hitting at something; naⁿ-knoⁿ-da (nąknǫ́da) - kick at and be evaded; pa-knoⁿ-da (páknǫda) - miss cutting something elusive

► Dhegiha: bo-gthoⁿ-tha (bó-gthoⁿ-tha) - to miss a mark [FL-Osage]; bo-laⁿ-ya (bólaⁿya) - miss in shooting punching, or blowing; make a mistake in shooting, punching, or blowing with the mouth [Kaw]; bu-laⁿ-ya (buláⁿya) - miss while trying to jump upon, to press down on an object, as a rabbit, which suddenly jumps aside, going beyond the effect of the pressure [Kaw]

 

shooting, move something by punching or shooting

► po-ti-ze (póttize), po-tʰi-ze (pótʰize) - move something by punching or shooting ► po-a-ti-ze (póattíze) - I, po-da-ti-ze (pódattíze) - you

► cf. po (po) - by shooting, blowing; ba-ti-ze (battíze), ba-tʰi-ze (batʰíze); bi-ti-ze (bittíze) - move something by pressing or blowing; di-ti-ze (dittíze) - move by pulling something; ki-pa-ti-ze (kíppattíze) - move one’s possession by pushing; ki-kdi-ti-ze (kkíkdittíze) - move something for one’s own benefit; naⁿ-ti-ze (nąttíze) - kick along, move something with feet

 

shooting, pulverize by punching or shooting

► po-taⁿ-ha (póttąha) - pulverize by punching/shooting ► po-a-taⁿ-ha (póattąha) - I, po-da-taⁿ-ha (pódattąha) - you

► cf. po (po) - by shooting, blowing, punching; ba-taⁿ-ha (battą́ha) - pulverize; bi-taⁿ-ha (bittą́ha) - crush, pulverize; da-taⁿ-ha (dattą́ha) - chew very fine; di-taⁿ-ha (dittą́ha) - turn crank as on a handmill; wa-di-taⁿ-ha (wadíttąha) - cornmeal; wa-di-taⁿ-ha wa-ske (wadíttąha waské) - cornbread; ka-taⁿ-ha (kattą́ha) - pound, pulverize; naⁿ-taⁿ-ha (nąttą́ha) - crush with feet, trample to bits; pa-taⁿ-ha (páttąha) - cut up very fine, as tobacco; ta-taⁿ-ha (táttąha) - burn to ashes, burn up

 

shooting, remain after a shooting

► o-po-shte (opóšte) - remain after a shooting

► cf. po (pó) - by shooting, blowing, punching; o-shte (ošté) - remain, be left over; o-ka-shte (okášte) - to remain after striking [JOD]

► ex:  “shoⁿ-xti-e-ta! wi-zhiⁿ-de,” i-yi i-ya, maⁿ-tʰo zhi-ka o-po-shte niⁿ-kʰe (“šǫxtíettá! wižį́de,” iyí iyá mątʰó žíka opóšte nįkʰé) - “thank you! my elder brother!” it is said, the young Grizzly bear that remained after the shooting said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: u-mu-shte (umúcte) - to leave after shooting, as bullets, cartridges, or arrows; what remains after shooting, as bullets, cartridges, or arrows [JOD-Omaha]; o-bo-shtse (obóshce) - remain after filing, rubbing, or painting, as bullets or arrows; remnant, that which remains after shooting, such as arrows or bullets [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: u-shte (ucté) - to remain, to be left over; the remainder, the balance, the rest; remaining, remainder [JOD-Omaha]; u-shte (ushte) - remainder [Omaha]; u-shtse (u-shtsé), u-stse (u-stsé) - the rest, remainder, remained, remnant, left over [FL-Osage]; o-shtse (ošcé) - remain, be left or left over, leave (as leftovers), spare, remainder, rest, leftover [CQ-Osage]; o-shtse (óshce) - remain, be left, be left over [Kaw]

 

shooting, rumbling from shooting against

► po-ko-ke (pókkoke) - rumbling from shooting against ► po-a-ko-ka (póakkoke) - I, po-da-ko-ke (pódakkoke) - you

► cf. po (po) - by shooting, blowing; ba-ko-ke (bakkóke) - drum, thump as on a door; bi-ko-ke (bikkóke) - drum on something with palm; ka-ko-ke (kakkóke) - beat a drum; naⁿ-ko-ke (nąkkóke) - drum on ground or floor with feet

► Dhegiha: ku-ge (kúge) - box, drum [Omaha]; ʰku-ge (ḳu-gé) - sound of a drum when beaten [FL-Osage]; ko-ge (kogé) - hollow sound, like a drum; make a hollow sound [Kaw]

 

shooting, shorten by shooting or punching

► po-te-shka (pótteška) - shorten by shooting/punching ► po-a-te-shka (póatteška) - I, po-da-te-shka (pódatteška) - you

► cf. po (po) - by shooting, blowing, punching; te-shka (ttešká) - short, stubby; ma-ze te-shka (mazé ttéška) - pistol; bi-te-shka (bittešká) - press down, rub down; da-te-shka (dattešká) - bite off, shorten; di-te-shka (dittešká), (dittéška) - shorten, cut short, saw off; ka-te-shka (kattešká) - shorten by chopping off; pa-te-shka (pátteška) - cut short with a knife; ta-te-shka (tátteška) - shorten by burning, burn off; ta-te-shka-a-de (tátteškade) - shorten by burning, burn off

► Dhegiha: te-shka (téshka), che-shka (chéshka) - short [Omaha/Ponca]; je-shka (jeshka) - short [Omaha]; te-shka (té-cka), tshe-shka (tcé-cka) - short [JOD-Omaha]; ʰtse-shka (ṭse shka) - short, stunted [FL-Osage]

 

shooting, to be unsuccessful shooting or punching

► po-iⁿ-zhi (póįži) - to be unsuccessful shooting or punching ► po-a-iⁿ-zhi (póaį́ži) - I, po-da-iⁿ-zhi (pódaį́ži) - you, po-oⁿ-iⁿ-zha-we (póǫįžawe) - we

► cf. po (po) - by shooting, blowing, punching; zhi (-ži) - negative, not; ba-iⁿ-zhi (baį́ži) - fail or miss pushing at something; bi-iⁿ-zhi (biį́ži) - fail/miss pressing/blowing; da-iⁿ-zhi (daį́ži) - fail using the mouth, voice; di-iⁿ-zhi (díįži) - fail in pulling, rowing, etc.; ka-iⁿ-zhi (kaį́ži) - fail in throwing or striking; naⁿ-iⁿ-zhi (nąį́ži) - fail in walking or with machine; pa-iⁿ-zhi (páįži) - fail in cutting or sawing; ta-iⁿ-zhi (táįži), (ttáįži) - fail in cooking, as when fire is not hot enough

► Dhegiha: bo-iⁿ-ba-zhe (bóiⁿbazhe) - botch in shooting, blowing [Kaw]

 

shore, ashore

► shi-a-pʰe (šiápʰe) - shore, ashore [JOD]

► ex: e-shaⁿ e-ti shi-a-pʰe da-we (éšą ettí šiápʰe dáwe) - then or at length/there/ashore/they went [JOD]

► ex: e-ti-tʰaⁿ ni shi-a-pʰe a-shka ki, i-ya-we (ettítʰą ni šiápʰe áška kí, iyáwe) - thence/water/shore/near/reached there again/they say [JOD]

► ex: ta-bde aⁿ-ka-de, ni u-ha naⁿ-hi aⁿ-de aⁿ-niⁿ naⁿ, koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ e-ti shi-a-pe aⁿ-ka-de (tábde ąkáde, ní ohá nąhí ą́de ą́nį ną, kóišǫ́ttą étti šiápe ąkáde) - we went hunting, we were following along the course of the stream/water, then we went ashore there [JOD]

► ex: ma-te aⁿ-ko-kda-shka taⁿ shi-a-pe aⁿ-ka-de (mątté ąkókdašká tą šiápe ąkáde) - we (dual) tied up our canoe and went ashore [JOD]

 

► ma-zi-ya (mazíya) - shore

► cf. maⁿ-zi (mą́azi) - bank, embankment; ma-zi o-di-ko-te (mázi ódikótte) - bluff, cliff

 

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