English to Quapaw Dictionary

A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H-I-J-K-L-M-N-O-P-Q-R-S-T-U-V-W-X-Y-Z
Quapaw Sources Dhegiha Sources

 

S

 

scarlet, pink

zhi-te saⁿ-haⁿ (žítte sąhą́) - scarlet, pink

zhi-te saⁿ-haⁿ (žítte sąhą́) - pink [OM]

cf. zhi-te (žítte) - red; saⁿ-haⁿ (są́hą) - whitish, grayish, pale; saⁿ (są) - white in the distance

Dhegiha: zhi-de (zhíde) - red [Omaha/Ponca]; zhi-de (zhíde) - red [Omaha]; zhu-dse (zhú-dse) - red, scarlet, vermilion [FL-Osage]; zhu-tse (žúuce) - red [CQ-Osage]; zhu-je (zhúje) - red [Kaw]

Dhegiha: soⁿ-hoⁿ (çóⁿ-hoⁿ) - resembling white, whitened animal skins [FL-Osage]; saⁿ-haⁿ (sáⁿhaⁿ) - whitish, grayish [Kaw]

Dhegiha: saⁿ (saⁿ) - whitish [JOD-Omaha]; soⁿ (çoⁿ) - pale [Omaha]; soⁿ-the (sóⁿthe) - cleanse, whiten, whitewash [Omaha/Ponca]

 

scatter or spread with the hands

o-ka (oká) - scatter or spread with the hands o-a-ka (oáka) - I, o-da-ka (odáka) - you, oⁿ-ko-ka-we (ǫkókawe) - we

 

scatter, extinguish

a-da-zhi (ádaži) - extinguish, scatter a-da-a-zhi (ádaáži) - I, a-da-ta-zhi (ádattáži) - you, a-da-oⁿ-zhi-we (ádaǫžíwe) - we

Dhegiha: pe-de tʰe a-na-zhi ha (p͓éde té ánaji hă) - the fire went down, the fire got low [JOD-Omaha]; a-na-zhi-the (á-na-ji-¢é) - to cause a fire to go down or get low [JOD-Omaha]

Dhegiha: na-zhi (názhi) - to go out, as a fire [Omaha/Ponca]; da-zhi (dá-zhi) - to extinguish a fire [FL-Osage]; ta-zhi (táaži) - go out, not burn, become extinguished [CQ-Osage]; da-zhi (dázhi) - be extinguished, to have gone out, as a fire [Kaw]

Dhegiha: thi-na-zhi (¢i-ná-jĭ) - to put out a fire by scattering the coals or wood [JOD-Omaha]; thi-na-zhi (thinázhi) - light turned off [Omaha]; thi-da-zhi (thi-dá-zhi) - to put out a fire with the hands, to put out a light [FL-Osage]; thu-ta-zhi (ðuutáaži), thi-ta-zhi (ðiitáži) - turn off, switch off, extinguish [CQ-Osage]; yu-da-zhi (yudázhi) - extinguish a fire by scattering it [Kaw]

 

scatter, spill out and scatter

a-da-hi o-a-ze ka-xe (ádahi oáze káγe) - spill out and scatter

cf. ka-xe (káγe) - make, do, cause

 

scattered inanimate objects

ke (ke) - the scattered inanimate objects

cf. ke (ke) - the pl/st/an or pl/st/in

ex: ke (ke) - the scattered inanimate objects [JOD]

ex: e-shoⁿ ta ke pa-shoⁿ-shoⁿ naⁿ i-ya (ešǫ́ ttá ke pášǫšǫ́ ną, iyá) - so he cut the meat into small pieces with a knife, it is said [JOD]

ex: kaⁿ-te ke (kką́tte ke) - the (scattered) plums

Dhegiha: ge (ge) - the scattered inanimate objects [Omaha/Ponca]; ge (ge) - scattered about [FL-Osage]; ke (ke) - positional article for dispersed, scattered, or randomly located entities; around, in dispersed locations or with dispersing action [CQ-Osage]; ge (ge) - “the”; definite article used with scattered inanimate objects, such as beads, rocks, etc.; “the”, used with cloth-like objects like fabric, hides, thin paper [Kaw]

 

scattered, place plural objects in scattered heaps

sto-de knaⁿ-knaⁿ (stodé knąkną) - place plural objects in scattered heaps sto-a-de a-knaⁿ-knaⁿ (stoáde aknąkną) - I, sto-da-de da-knaⁿ-knaⁿ (stódade daknąkną) - you

cf. sto-de (stóde) - collect, heap, pile, gather; knaⁿ (kną) - set, put; ma-hiⁿ sto-de (mahį́ stóde) - haystack; pe-zhe xda-he sto-de (ppežé xdáhe stóde) - wheat stack; sto-de hi (stodé hi) - collected in a heap, grouped; sto-de hi naⁿ-zhiⁿ (stodé hi nąžį́) - stand in a group; sto-de-zhi (stodéži) - collect small objects in a heap; sto-de-wa-zhi (stodéwaži) - place plural/animate objects in one place; a-ki-sto-de i-tʰe-de (ákkistóde itʰéde) - pile up, make a heap; ki-sto (kistó) - assemble, gather, council of a gens

Dhegiha: ni-ka stu-wa-the (níkastuwathe) - the gatherer, personal name [JOD-Omaha]; thi-stu-the (thi-çtú-the) - gathered in folds [FL-Osage]; sto-the shu (çto-thé shu) - gathered them together [FL-Osage]; ni-ʰka stu-e (ní-ḳa-çtu-e) - gathering of men, personal name [FL-Osage]

Dhegiha: ʰki-sto (ḳi-çtó), ʰki-stu (ḳi-çtú) - a council, an assemblage, a meeting, United States Congress, the Senate, a court, a session [FL-Osage]; ʰki-sto (ʰkiistó) - council meeting, tribal council season meeting, conference [CQ-Osage]; gi-sto (gistó) - assemble, as people do, gather [Kaw]; ki-sto (kisto) - council [Kaw]

 

scattered, put small scattered objects onto something

a-zhi (áži) - put small scattered, inanimate objects onto something; put small objects onto something that serves as a platform a-a-zhi (áaži) - I, a-da-zhi (ádaži) - you, oⁿ-ka-zhi-we (ǫkážiwe) - we

cf. sto-de-zhi (stodéži) - collect small objects in a heap; sto-de-wa-zhi (stodéwaži) - place plural/animate objects in one place; e-ti-zhi (ettíži) - put them on [JOD]; mi-zhi (míži) - put under belt, tuck in; o-zhi (oží) - put collection into something, plant, fill; o-zhi (oží) - filled [JOD]; o-zhi (óži) - bowl, dish; o-ki-zhi (ókiži) - fill something for someone; o-ki-zhi (ókiži) - fill one’s own; o-pi-zhi (óppiži) - drawer, box; pi-ki-zhi (ppíkiži) - to put away one’s own [JOD]; zhaⁿ-pi-zhi (žąppiži) - trunk, box; xoⁿ-te zhaⁿ-pi-zhi (xǫtté žąppiži) - cedar chest [MS]; a-bi-saⁿ-te-zhi (ábisąttéži) - press down on, weight, hold down

ex: a-zhi (áži) - put on her [JOD]

ex: koi-shoⁿtaⁿ mi-zhi-ka e-zhi ke i-ho-sa a-ta-ha, ni-xo-te a-zhi a-taⁿ ta-xa-xa-ke ka-xe a-taⁿ i-ki-xa koⁿ pa (kóišǫ́ttą mižíka éži ke ihosá attahá, nixótte áži áttą táγaγáke káγe áttą íkixa kǫ pá) - then the other girls scolded her, they put ashes on her which made her cry from the heat, they were laughing at her [JOD]

ex: koⁿ-ze e-koⁿ a-zhi (kkǫ́ze ékǫ áži) - copy, write over again

Dhegiha: a-zhi (áji) - to spread a number of small objects on [JOD-Omaha]; a-zhi (a-zhi) - scattered upon, scattered about [FL-Osage]; a-zhu (á-zhu) - to put a number of articles on a rack [FL-Osage]; a-zhu (ážu) - put out, set out (multiple items); place, array, display (multiple items) on top of something else [CQ-Osage]; a-zhu (ázhu) - put many objects on a surface of any thing [Kaw]

 

scattered, trees in scattered clumps

zhaⁿ o-toⁿ o-shpa-shpa (žą ottǫ́ ošpášpa), zhoⁿ o-toⁿ o-shpa-shpa (žǫ́ ottǫ́ ošpášpa) - trees in scattered clumps

cf. zhaⁿ (žą), zhoⁿ (žǫ) - wood, tree; zhoⁿ o-toⁿ (žǫ́ ottǫ́), zhaⁿ o-ta (žą́ ottá) - forest; zhaⁿ o-toⁿ o-shpe (žą ottǫ́ ošpé), zhoⁿ o-toⁿ o-shpe (žǫ́ ottǫ́ ošpé) - trees in a curvilinear clump; xoⁿ-te-hi o-taⁿ (xǫttéhi ottą́) - Rock Creek, I.T.; lit. “cedars abound in it”; near Quapaw, OK; o-shpe (ošpé) - fragment; ka-shpe (kašpé) - cut off, knock off a piece

Dhegiha: shpa-shpa (shpashpa) - fragment [Omaha]; u-shpa-shpa (ushpáshpa) - piece, remnant [Omaha/Ponca]; ba-shpa-shpa (bá-shpa-shpa) - to cut an apple or potato into many pieces with a knife [FL-Osage]; ga-shpa-shpa (gashpáshpa) - chip off many pieces [Kaw]

 

school

wa-kaⁿ-ze ti (waką́ze tti) - school, school house, “teaching house” [MS]

cf. wa-kaⁿ-ze (waką́ze) - teacher; ti (tti) - house, tent, dwelling, lodge; ki-koⁿ-ze (kíkǫze), ki-kaⁿ-ze (kíkąze) - teach someone something

Dhegiha: wa-goⁿ-ze (wagóⁿze) - teacher, missionary [Omaha/Ponca]; wa-goⁿ-ze (wagoⁿçe) - minister, clergyman, educator, educate, teach, instruct [Omaha]; wa-goⁿ-ze (wa-goⁿ́-çe) - an instructor, a preceptor, a teacher, a preacher, to teach, to instruct, to preach [FL-Osage]; wa-koⁿ-ze (wakǫ́ze) - teach, teacher, minister [CQ-Osage]; wa-go-ze (wagóze) - teach, teacher [Kaw]

 

i-ka-zo-zo da-te (íkazózo daté) - school, “read books” [MS]

cf. i-ka-zo-zo (íkazózo) - book, paper, letter; da-te (daté) - read aloud, call or name something; i-ka-zo (íkazo) - write, draw

Dhegiha: wa-le-ze [th]a-tse (waléze[ð]áace) - school, learning, class, reading, schooling, education, lit. “read books” [CQ-Osage]; wa-gthe-ze tha-dse (wa-gthé-çe tha-dse) - to read, to read to some one [FL-Osage]

Dhegiha: tha-de (thadé) - call, name, speak, utter, pronounce [Omaha/Ponca]; tha-dse (tha-dsé) - to call as by name, to pronounce [FL-Osage]; tha-tse (ðaacé) - say, pronounce, read, call on someone's name, say the name of something or someone, call, define as, assign a name to something or someone, use a name for something or someone [CQ-Osage]; ya-je (yajé) - read, pronounce, to call by name [Kaw]

 

i-ka-zo-zo ka-xe o-ti (íkazózo káγe ottí) - school, school house

cf. i-ka-zo-zo (íkazózo) - book, paper, letter; ka-xe (káγe) - make, do, cause; o-ti (ottí) - house for, house of, house to

Dhegiha: ta-pu-ska ti (tapúçka ti) - school [Omaha]; ʰta-pu-ska tsi (ṭá-pu-çka tsi) - mission (school) house [FL-Osage]; ta-po-ska ʰtsi (taapóskaʰci) - schoolhouse [CQ-Osage]; ta-po-ska tsi (tapóska ci) - school [Kaw]

Dhegiha: wa-ba-gthe-ze a-tha-di-ti (wabágtheçe athaditi) - school [Omaha]; wa-gthe-ze ʰtsi (wa-gthé-çe ṭsi) - school, a library, a house for books [FL-Osage]; wa-le-ze doⁿ-be tsi (waléze dòⁿbe cì) - school house [Kaw]; wa-le-ze [th]a-tse (waléze[ð]áace) - school, learning, class, reading, schooling, education, lit. “read books” [CQ-Osage]

 

scissors

we-da-di-ski (wédadíski) - scissors

we-da-di-ski (wédadíski) - scissors [MS]

cf. a-di-ski (ádiski) - cut off all the hair, shave; ni-zhi-ha a-di-ski (nižíha ádiski) - shave the head, crop short

 

scissors, cut the hair of the head short with scissors

a-di-k’a-xe-hi (ádikʔáγehi) - cut the hair of the head short with scissors a-bdi-k’a-xe-hi (ábdikʔáγehi) - I, a-ti-k’a-xe-hi (áttikʔáγehi) - you

 

scissors, cut with scissors

di-tiⁿ-na (dittį́na) - shear, cut with scissors bdi-tiⁿ-na (bdíttįna) - I, ti-tiⁿ-na (ttíttįna) - you

Dhegiha: thi-tʰiⁿ-na (thitʰíⁿna) - to trim hair evenly so it does not extend below the collar [Omaha/Ponca]

 

scissors, snip into shreds with scissors

ka-zi-zi-di (kazízidí) - snip into shreds (with scissors) a-zi-zi-di (ázizidi) - I, da-zi-zi-di (dázizidi) - you

cf. ka-zi-zi-te (kazízitte) - fringe; ka-zi-pa (kazíppa) - chop, cut at the edge

 

scold, reprove

i-ho-sa (íhosa) - scold, reprove i-da-ho-sa (idáhosa) - I, i-da-ho-sa (ídahosa) - you

ex: aⁿ-naⁿ-ho-sa naⁿ (ąną́hosá naⁿ) - she reproved me [JOD]

ex: iⁿ-kaⁿ, “di-te-ke wa-sa niⁿ-kʰe ta e-ti da,” i-ye naⁿ aⁿ-naⁿ-ho-sa naⁿ (įkką́ dítteke wasá niⁿkʰe tta étti dá iyé ną ąną́hosá naⁿ) - my grandmother scolded me and said, “go to your uncle, the black bear” [JOD]

ex: mi-zhi-ka e-zhi ke i-ho-sa a-ta-ha (kóišǫ́ttą mižíka éži ke ihosá attahá) - girl/the others/scolded her/much [JOD]

ex: koi-shoⁿtaⁿ mi-zhi-ka e-zhi ke i-ho-sa a-ta-ha, ni-xo-te a-zhi a-taⁿ ta-xa-xa-ke ka-xe a-taⁿ i-ki-xa koⁿ pa (kóišǫ́ttą mižíka éži ke ihosá attahá, nixótte áži áttą táγaγáke káγe áttą íkixa kǫ pá) - then the other girls really scolded her, they put ashes on her which made her cry from the heat, they were laughing at her [JOD]

Dhegiha: i-hu-sa (íhusa) - to scold, chide, rebuke, reprove someone [Omaha/Ponca]; i-u-sa (iuça) - scold [Omaha]; i-hu-sa (í-hu-sa) - to chide, rebuke, reprove, or scold one [JOD-Omaha]

 

scour or rub when washing

wa-bi-shki (wabíški) - rub, scour when washing wa-pi-shki (wappíški) - I, wa-shpi-shki (wašpíški) - you

cf. wa-bi-shki wábiški) - washboard; wa-di-shki (wadíški) - wash

Dhegiha: wa-bi-shki (wabishki) - washboard [Omaha]; wa-bi-shki (wá-bi-cki) - a washboard [JOD-Omaha]

Dhegiha: bi-shki (bi-ckí) - to bear down on clothing, in washing it; to rub it along a washboard that has ridges on it [JOD-Omaha]; bu-shki-ge (bushkíge) - rub clothes on a washboard, bear down on [Kaw]; u-bi-shki (u-bí-cki) - to wash, as clothing, in a tub and on a washboard [JOD-Omaha]

Dhegiha: wa-thi-shki (wa-thí-shki) - to wash clothes [FL-Osage]; wa-thi-shki (waðíiški) - do laundry, wash clothes, wash something; laundry (clothes needing washing) [CQ-Osage]; wa-yu-shki (wayúshki) - to be washing something, be doing the wash [Kaw]

 

scout for someone

wa-ki-toⁿ-we (wakíttǫwe) - scout for someone

cf. wa-toⁿ-we (watǫ́we) - scout, reconnoitre; toⁿ-we (tǫ́we), taⁿ-we (tą́we) - look at something

ex: maⁿ-tʰo niⁿ ma-shtiⁿ-ke niⁿ-kʰe wa-ki-toⁿ-we kʰi naⁿ, i-ya (mątʰó nį maštį́ke nįkʰé wakíttǫwe kʰi ną, iyá) - the Grizzly bear arrived home after scouting game for the Rabbit, it is said [JOD]

Dhegiha: wa-gi-daⁿ-be (wa-gí-daⁿ-be) - to go as a scout for his own [JOD-Omaha]

 

scout, go as a scout or reconnoitre

wa-toⁿ-we de (watǫ́we dé) - go as a scout, reconnoitre wa-toⁿ-we bde (watǫ́we bdé) - I, wa-toⁿ-we te (watǫ́we tté) - you, wa-toⁿ-we de (watǫ́we dé) - he/she, wa-toⁿ-we da-we (watǫ́we dáwe) - they, wa-toⁿ-we aⁿ-ka-de (watǫ́we ąkáde) - we, I and one other, wa-toⁿ-we aⁿ-ka-da-we (watǫ́we ąkádawe) - we

cf. wa-toⁿ-we (watǫ́we) - scout, reconnoiter; de (de) - go; wa-ki-toⁿ-we (wakíttǫwe) - scout for someone; toⁿ-we (tǫ́we), taⁿ-we (tą́we) - look at something; a-taⁿ-we (átąwe), a-taⁿ-we (áttąwe) - look upon; o-toⁿ-we (ótǫwe) - look at pl/an/ob; o-toⁿ-we (otǫ́we) - look at sg/an/ob; ki-toⁿ-we tʰi (kkittǫ́we tʰi) - visit, go/come to see someone; a-ki-toⁿ-we (ákkittǫ́we) - watch out for, beware of, take great care of, refrain from; o-ki-toⁿ-we (ókittǫ́we) - depend on someone

Dhegiha: wa-daⁿ-be the (wadáⁿbe ¢é) - to go to see, to go out as a scout to find the range of a buffalo herd [JOD-Omaha]

Dhegiha: wa-daⁿ-be (wa-dáⁿ-be) - to see them; scout; as a scout [JOD-Omaha]; wa-doⁿ-be (wa-dóⁿ-be) - the act of seeing, applied to a runner in search of buffalo [FL-Osage]; wa-toⁿ-pe (watǫ́pe) - see or watch people or events, look on at an event, spectators, onlookers, audience, public [CQ-Osage]; wa-doⁿ-be (wadóⁿbe) - watch; to look at them, see them [Kaw]

 

scout, reconnoitre

wa-toⁿ-we (watǫ́we) - scout, reconnoitre

cf. wa (wa) - things, stuff, people, folks, they, them; toⁿ-we (tǫ́we), taⁿ-we (tą́we) - look at something; wa-toⁿ-we de (watǫ́we dé) - go as a scout, reconnoitre; wa-ki-toⁿ-we (wakíttǫwe) - scout for someone; a-taⁿ-we (átąwe), a-taⁿ-we (áttąwe) - look upon; o-toⁿ-we (ótǫwe) - look at plural/animate/object; o-toⁿ-we (otǫ́we) - look at singular/animate/object; ki-toⁿ-we tʰi (kkittǫ́we tʰi) - visit, go/come to see someone; a-ki-toⁿ-we (ákkittǫ́we) - watch out for, beware of, take great care of, refrain from; o-ki-toⁿ-we (ókittǫ́we) - depend on someone

ex: e-ka-sa-ni-taⁿ wa-toⁿ-we ki naⁿ, i-ya (ékasánittą watǫ́we kí ną, iyá) - on the next morning he (Grizzly bear) returned after scouting for game, it is said [JOD]

Dhegiha: wa-daⁿ-be (wa-dáⁿ-be) - to see them; scout; as a scout [JOD-Omaha]; wa-doⁿ-be (wa-dóⁿ-be) - the act of seeing, applied to a runner in search of buffalo [FL-Osage]; wa-toⁿ-pe (watǫ́pe) - see or watch people or events, look on at an event, spectators, onlookers, audience, public [CQ-Osage]; wa-doⁿ-be (wadóⁿbe) - watch; to look at them, see them [Kaw]

 

scramble for something

i-ki-te (íkkitte) - scramble for something i-da-ki-te (idákkitte) - I, i-da-ki-te (ídakkitte) - you

Dhegiha: i-ki-ne (íkine) - to scramble for, to struggle with one another, each one trying to get most of what was offered as a prize: used only in pl.; said of dogs, etc., that attack a person, each one trying to get the largest piece of the flesh [Omaha/Ponca]

 

scrape or grind while cutting

pa-k’a-xe (pákʔaxe) - scrape or grind while cutting pa-a-k’a-xe (páakʔáxe) - I, pa-da-k’a-xe (pádakʔáxe) - you

cf. ba-k’a-xe (bakʔáxe) - make scratching sound; bi-k’a-xe (bikʔáxe) - scratching sound by pressing; da-k’a-xe (dákʔaxé) - make grating sound; da-k’a-k’a-xe (dakʔákʔaxe) - make gnawing sound; di-k’a-xe (dikʔáxe) - scratch superficially; di-k’a-k’a-xe (dikʔákʔaxe) - scratching sounds, as a dog; ka-k’a-xe (kakʔáxe) - make a scraping sound; naⁿ-k’a-xe (nąkʔáxe) - make grating sound with feet; po-k’a-xe (pókʔaxe) - grating sound from probing

Dhegiha: ba-k’a-xe (bak’áxe) - to make a scraping sound by scraping with glass [Omaha/Ponca]; tha-k’a-xe (thak’axe) - to make a grating noise by gnawing [Omaha/Ponca]; ʰk’a-xe (ḳ’a-xe) - scraping sound, the sound of scraping china dishes [FL-Osage]; ga-ʰk’a-xe (ga-ḳ’a-xe) - sound of grating [FL-Osage]; thi-ʰk’a-xe (thi-ḳ’á-xe) - the clicking, rattling sounds as from the sharpening of a knife, or from the rattling of plates, or from the tail of a rattlesnake [FL-Osage]; k’a-ghe (k’ághe) - rattling, scratching or grating [Kaw]; ba-k’a-ghe (bak’ághe) - to make a grating sound of a file in filing, to push a stick firmly against some hard object, which it cannot penetrate, and from which it glances off [Kaw]; ba-k’a-ghe (bák’aghe) - make the grating sound, as in sawing through bone or metal [Kaw]; bo-k’a-ghe (bók’aghe) - grating sound, as in punching or shooting against bone or metal and glancing off, ricochet [Kaw]; bu-k’a-ghe (buk’ághe) - to make a grating sound by pressure, esp. on metal [Kaw]; ga-k’a-ghe (gak’ághe) - make a grating sound on metal; rattle, as stones in a can [Kaw]; naⁿ-k’a-ghe (naⁿk’ághe) - to make a grating sound by walking on, or by machine, to make a grating or creaking sound by walking on thin metal, or by machinery coming in contact with it [Kaw]; ya-k’a-ghe (yak’ághe) - make a grating noise [Kaw]

 

scrape the dirt away often

ka-ti-ti-ze (kattittíze) - to scrape away surface earth with one’s hand; scrape the dirt away often [JOD]

cf. ka-ti-ze (kattíze), ka-tʰi-ze (katʰíze) - knock, sweep, brush away; we-ka-ti-ze (wékattíze) - broom; kda-ti-ze (kdattíze) - sweep out one’s house; ba-ti-ze (battíze), ba-tʰi-ze (batʰíze) - move something by pushing; ba-ti-ze (battíze) - move something by pushing; bi-ti-ze (bittíze) - move something by pressing/blowing; di-ti-ze (dittíze) - move by pulling something; ki-pa-ti-ze (kíppattíze) - move one's possession by pushing; ki-kdi-ti-ze (kkíkdittíze) - move something for one’s own benefit; naⁿ-ti-ze (nąttíze) - kick along; po-ti-ze (póttize) - move something by punching/shooting

ex: ka-ti-ti-ze (kattittíze) - scraped away surface earth with his hand; scraped the dirt away often [JOD]

ex: ka-ti-ti-ze aⁿ-taⁿ ki-k’aⁿ-he (kattittíze ą́tą kíkʔąhé) - when he swept away/cleared a spot, he put it down (his own item) [JOD]

ex: ka-ti-ti-ze ki-ha naⁿ we-da-ba-zo ki-k’oⁿ-he (kattittíze kihá ną wédabázo kíkʔǫhe) - when he finished clearing a spot, he placed the index finger down [JOD]

 

scrape, as hair from a hide

ka-x’i (kaxʔí) - scrape, as hair from a hide a-x’i (áxʔi) - I, da-x’i (dáxʔi) - you

cf. a-pa-x’i (ápaxʔi) - cut meat from the bone; a-da-x’i (ádaxʔi) - make grating sound by gnawing on, as a rat gnawing on wood or metal

 

scraper or flesher for hides

we-ba-k’o (wébakʔo) - scraper or flesher for hides

cf. we-ka-k’o (wékakʔo) - flesher for hides

 

scraping, make a scraping sound

ka-k’a-xe (kakʔáxe) - make a scraping sound a-k’a-xe (ákʔaxe) - I, da-k’a-xe (dákʔaxe) - you

cf. ka (ka) - by striking, by action of the wind or water; ba-k’a-xe (bakʔáxe) - make scratching sound; bi-k’a-xe (bikʔáxe) - scratching sound by pressing; da-k’a-xe (dákʔaxé) - make grating sound; da-k’a-k’a-xe (dakʔákʔaxe) - make gnawing sound; di-k’a-xe (dikʔáxe) - scratch superficially; di-k’a-k’a-xe (dikʔákʔaxe) - scratching sounds, as a dog; naⁿ-k’a-xe (nąkʔáxe) - make grating sound with feet; pa-k’a-xe (pákʔaxe) - scrape or grind while cutting; po-k’a-xe (pókʔaxe) - grating sound from probing

Dhegiha: ba-k’a-xe (bak’áxe) - to make a scraping sound by scraping with glass [Omaha/Ponca]; tha-k’a-xe (thak’axe) - to make a grating noise by gnawing [Omaha/Ponca]; ʰk’a-xe (ḳ’a-xe) - scraping sound, the sound of scraping china dishes [FL-Osage]; ga-ʰk’a-xe (ga-ḳ’a-xe) - sound of grating [FL-Osage]; thi-ʰk’a-xe (thi-ḳ’á-xe) - the clicking, rattling sounds as from the sharpening of a knife, or from the rattling of plates, or from the tail of a rattlesnake [FL-Osage]; k’a-ghe (k’ághe) - rattling, scratching or grating [Kaw]; ba-k’a-ghe (bak’ághe) - to make a grating sound of a file in filing, to push a stick firmly against some hard object, which it cannot penetrate, and from which it glances off [Kaw]; ba-k’a-ghe (bák’aghe) - make the grating sound, as in sawing through bone or metal [Kaw]; bo-k’a-ghe (bók’aghe) - grating sound, as in punching or shooting against bone or metal and glancing off, ricochet [Kaw]; bu-k’a-ghe (buk’ághe) - to make a grating sound by pressure, esp. on metal [Kaw]; ga-k’a-ghe (gak’ághe) - make a grating sound on metal; rattle, as stones in a can [Kaw]; naⁿ-k’a-ghe (naⁿk’ághe) - to make a grating sound by walking on, or by machine, to make a grating or creaking sound by walking on thin metal, or by machinery coming in contact with it [Kaw]; ya-k’a-ghe (yak’ághe) - make a grating noise [Kaw]

 

scratch an itch

di-x’i-x’i-da (dixʔíxʔida) - scratch an itch bdi-x’i-x’i-da (bdíxʔixʔida) - I, ti-x’i-x’i-da (ttíxʔixʔida) - you

 

scratch and draw blood

di-wa-paiⁿ (diwappaį́) - scratch and draw blood, as a cat

cf. di (di) - cause by using the hands; general causative; wa-paiⁿ (wappaį) - blood; ba-wa-paiⁿ (bawappaį́) - prick and cause to bleed; da-wa-paiⁿ (dawappaį́) - bite and draw blood; ka-wa-paiⁿ (kawappaį́) - cut, slash and cause to bleed; naⁿ-wa-paiⁿ (nąwappaį́) - bleed, cause by kicking; pa-wa-paiⁿ (páwappaį) - bleed someone with a knife; po-wa-paiⁿ (pówappaį́) - bleed from a thrust, cause to

Dhegiha: wa-mi (wamí) - bleed, bloody [Omaha/Ponca]; wa-biⁿ (wa-biⁿ́) - blood, bleeding [FL-Osage]; wa-piⁿ (wa-pį́), wa-peiⁿ (wapéį) - bleed, blood [CQ-Osage]; wa-biⁿ (wa-bíⁿ) - blood [Kaw]

 

scratch or brush out as animals

di-kdi-kdi-da (dikdíkdida) - scratch out, brush out as animals

 

scratch or itch oneself with the foot

ki-naⁿ-xʔi-de (kinąxʔide) - to scratch or itch oneself with the foot

ex: ki-naⁿ-xʔi-de niⁿ-kʰe, shoⁿ-ke (kinąxʔide nįkʰé, šǫ́ke) - scratching himself, the dog [MS]

Dhegiha: thi-’i-’i-tha (thi’í’itha) - tickle, to tickle someone [Omaha/Ponca]; yu-k’i-k’i-ya (yuk’ík’iya) - scratch an itch repeatedly, to tickle [Kaw]

Dhegiha: thi-ʰk’i-tha (thi-ḳ’í-tha) - to tickle [FL-Osage]; thi-k’i-the (ðikʔíðe), thi-k’i-e (ðikʔíe) - scratch, tickle [CQ-Osage]; yu-k’i-ya (yuk’íya) - scratch an itch once [Kaw]

Dhegiha: ki-’e (ki’é) - itch, scratch, hoe, to scratch oneself [Omaha/Ponca]; ki-e (kie), gi-e (gie) - scratch, itch [Omaha]; k’i-e (kʔíe), k’u-e (kʔúe) - scratch an itch [CQ-Osage]; k’u-ya (k’úya) - itch, have an itch [Kaw]

 

scratch superficially

di-k’a-xe (dikʔáxe) - scratch superficially bdi-k’a-xe (bdíkʔaxe) - I, ti-k’a-xe (ttíkʔaxe) - you

cf. di (di) - cause by using the hands; general causative; di-k’a-k’a-xe (dikʔákʔaxe) - scratching sounds, as a dog; ba-k’a-xe (bakʔáxe) - make scratching sound; bi-k’a-xe (bikʔáxe) - scratching sound by pressing; da-k’a-xe (dákʔaxé) - make grating sound; da-k’a-k’a-xe (dakʔákʔaxe) - make gnawing sound; naⁿ-k’a-xe (nąkʔáxe) - make grating sound with feet; pa-k’a-xe (pákʔaxe) - scrape or grind while cutting; po-k’a-xe (pókʔaxe) - grating sound from probing

Dhegiha: thi-’a-’a-xe (thi’á’axe) - to make a succession of grating or scratching sounds, as when a dog scratches against a door, or a person feels in the dark for a door-knob, or when one knife is sharpened against another [Omaha/Ponca]; yu-k’á-k’a-ghe (yuk’ák’aghe) - make scratching or rattling sounds [Kaw]

Dhegiha: thi-’a-xe (thi’áxe) - to make a single grating or scratching sound [Omaha/Ponca]; thi-k’a-xe (¢i-k’á-xe) - to make a scratching sound, as a dog that wishes to have a door opened [JOD-Omaha]; thi-ʰk’a-xe (thi-ḳ’á-xe) - the clicking, rattling sounds as from the sharpening of a knife, or from the rattling of plates, or from the tail of a rattlesnake [FL-Osage]

 

scratch, catch in the claws

di-xda-te (dixdátte) - catch in the claws, scratch

Dhegiha: thi-xtha-de (thi-q¢á-de) - to catch hold of, as with claws that penetrate the object; to scratch, as a cat does; to make an arrow smooth by drawing it through the arrow shaft polisher [JOD-Omaha]; thi-xtha-de (thixtháde) - claw, animal claw [Omaha]; we-thi-xtha-de (wéthiqtháde) - grappling irons [Omaha/Ponca]

 

scratch, mark, draw line

di-xo (diγó) - mark, scratch, draw line bdi-xo (bdíγo) - I, ti-xo (ttíγo) - you

Dhegiha: thi-xu (thixú) - draw, mark; to draw; to make marks on paper; to make marks such as are made on arrows [Omaha/Ponca]; thi-xu (thixu) - sketch, mark [Omaha]; thi-xu (thi-xú) - to scratch marks on rocks or draw lines on paper; to draw a line [FL-Osage]; yu-gho (yughó) - make scratch marks [Kaw]

 

scratching sound by pressing

bi-k’a-xe (bikʔáxe) - scratching sound by pressing pi-k’a-xe (ppíkʔaxe) - I, shpi-k’a-xe (špíkʔaxe) - you

cf. bi (bi) - by pressing, rubbing; ba-k’a-xe (bakʔáxe) - make scratching sound; da-k’a-xe (dákʔaxé) - make grating sound; da-k’a-k’a-xe (dakʔákʔaxe) - make gnawing sound; di-k’a-xe (dikʔáxe) - scratch superficially; di-k’a-k’a-xe (dikʔákʔaxe) - scratching sounds, as a dog; ka-k’a-xe (kakʔáxe) - make a scraping sound; naⁿ-k’a-xe (nąkʔáxe) - make grating sound with feet; pa-k’a-xe (pákʔaxe) - scrape or grind while cutting; po-k’a-xe (pókʔaxe) - grating sound from probing

Dhegiha: ba-k’a-xe (bak’áxe) - to make a scraping sound by scraping with glass [Omaha/Ponca]; tha-k’a-xe (thak’axe) - to make a grating noise by gnawing [Omaha/Ponca]; ʰk’a-xe (ḳ’a-xe) - scraping sound, the sound of scraping china dishes [FL-Osage]; ga-ʰk’a-xe (ga-ḳ’a-xe) - sound of grating [FL-Osage]; thi-ʰk’a-xe (thi-ḳ’á-xe) - the clicking, rattling sounds as from the sharpening of a knife, or from the rattling of plates, or from the tail of a rattlesnake [FL-Osage]; k’a-ghe (k’ághe) - rattling, scratching or grating [Kaw]; ba-k’a-ghe (bak’ághe) - to make a grating sound of a file in filing, to push a stick firmly against some hard object, which it cannot penetrate, and from which it glances off [Kaw]; ba-k’a-ghe (bák’aghe) - make the grating sound, as in sawing through bone or metal [Kaw]; bo-k’a-ghe (bók’aghe) - grating sound, as in punching or shooting against bone or metal and glancing off, ricochet [Kaw]; bu-k’a-ghe (buk’ághe) - to make a grating sound by pressure, esp. on metal [Kaw]; ga-k’a-ghe (gak’ághe) - make a grating sound on metal; rattle, as stones in a can [Kaw]; naⁿ-k’a-ghe (naⁿk’ághe) - to make a grating sound by walking on, or by machine, to make a grating or creaking sound by walking on thin metal, or by machinery coming in contact with it [Kaw]; ya-k’a-ghe (yak’ághe) - make a grating noise [Kaw]

 

scratching sounds, as a dog

di-k’a-k’a-xe (dikʔákʔaxe) - scratching sounds, as a dog

cf. di (di) - cause by using the hands; general causative; di-k’a-xe (dikʔáxe) - scratch superficially; ba-k’a-xe (bakʔáxe) - make scratching sound; bi-k’a-xe (bikʔáxe) - scratching sound by pressing; da-k’a-xe (dákʔaxé) - make grating sound; da-k’a-k’a-xe (dakʔákʔaxe) - make gnawing sound; naⁿ-k’a-xe (nąkʔáxe) - make grating sound with feet; pa-k’a-xe (pákʔaxe) - scrape or grind while cutting; po-k’a-xe (pókʔaxe) - grating sound from probing

Dhegiha: thi-’a-’a-xe (thi’á’axe) - to make a succession of grating or scratching sounds, as when a dog scratches against a door, or a person feels in the dark for a door-knob, or when one knife is sharpened against another [Omaha/Ponca]; yu-k’á-k’a-ghe (yuk’ák’aghe) - make scratching or rattling sounds [Kaw]

Dhegiha: thi-’a-xe (thi’áxe) - to make a single grating or scratching sound [Omaha/Ponca]; thi-k’a-xe (¢i-k’á-xe) - to make a scratching sound, as a dog that wishes to have a door opened [JOD-Omaha]; thi-ʰk’a-xe (thi-ḳ’á-xe) - the clicking, rattling sounds as from the sharpening of a knife, or from the rattling of plates, or from the tail of a rattlesnake [FL-Osage]

 

scratching, make a scratching sound

ba-k’a-xe (bakʔáxe) - make scratching sound pa-k’a-xe (ppákʔaxe) - I, shpa-k’a-xe (špákʔaxe) - you

cf. ba (ba) - by pushing; da-k’a-xe (dákʔaxé) - make grating sound; da-k’a-k’a-xe (dakʔákʔaxe) - make gnawing sound; bi-k’a-xe (bikʔáxe) - scratching sound by pressing; di-k’a-xe (dikʔáxe) - scratch superficially; di-k’a-k’a-xe (dikʔákʔaxe) - scratching sounds, as a dog; ka-k’a-xe (kakʔáxe) - make a scraping sound; naⁿ-k’a-xe (nąkʔáxe) - make grating sound with feet; pa-k’a-xe (pákʔaxe) - scrape or grind while cutting; po-k’a-xe (pókʔaxe) - grating sound from probing

Dhegiha: ba-k’a-xe (bak’áxe) - to make a scraping sound by scraping with glass [Omaha/Ponca]; tha-k’a-xe (thak’axe) - to make a grating noise by gnawing [Omaha/Ponca]; ʰk’a-xe (ḳ’a-xe) - scraping sound, the sound of scraping china dishes [FL-Osage]; ga-ʰk’a-xe (ga-ḳ’a-xe) - sound of grating [FL-Osage]; thi-ʰk’a-xe (thi-ḳ’á-xe) - the clicking, rattling sounds as from the sharpening of a knife, or from the rattling of plates, or from the tail of a rattlesnake [FL-Osage]; k’a-ghe (k’ághe) - rattling, scratching or grating [Kaw]; ba-k’a-ghe (bak’ághe) - to make a grating sound of a file in filing, to push a stick firmly against some hard object, which it cannot penetrate, and from which it glances off [Kaw]; ba-k’a-ghe (bák’aghe) - make the grating sound, as in sawing through bone or metal [Kaw]; bo-k’a-ghe (bók’aghe) - grating sound, as in punching or shooting against bone or metal and glancing off, ricochet [Kaw]; bu-k’a-ghe (buk’ághe) - to make a grating sound by pressure, esp. on metal [Kaw]; ga-k’a-ghe (gak’ághe) - make a grating sound on metal; rattle, as stones in a can [Kaw]; naⁿ-k’a-ghe (naⁿk’ághe) - to make a grating sound by walking on, or by machine, to make a grating or creaking sound by walking on thin metal, or by machinery coming in contact with it [Kaw]; ya-k’a-ghe (yak’ághe) - make a grating noise [Kaw]

 

scream, cry out as a woman

zi-we (ziwé) - scream, cry out as a woman a-zi-we (azíwe) - I, da-zi-we (dazíwe) - you, oⁿ-zi-wa-we (ǫzíwawe) - we

 

screech owl

po-shiⁿ (ppóšį) - screech owl

po-shiⁿ (ppóšį) - screech owl [MS]

po-shiⁿ (pū́shî) - screech owl [ASG]

Dhegiha: ne-tha-zhi-be (néthazhíbe) - screech owl [Omaha/Ponca]; ne-tha-zhi-be (nétha zhibe) - screech owl [Omaha]; hi-tha-da-da-xe (hi-thá-da-da-xe) - screech owl, chatterer, to the Osage and the Omaha the screech owl is a bird of ill omen, when the cries of a screech owl are heard near a house the occupants hurry out to scare the bird away [FL-Osage]; hi-ya-da-da-ghe (hiyádadàghe), hi-ya-da-da-ghe hiⁿ-ga (hiyádadàghe hìⁿga) - screech owl, lit., “his teeth chatter” [Kaw]

 

screw up the face, make a face

iⁿ-te da-shi-ke (įtté dašíke) - screw up the face, make a face iⁿ-te bda-shi-ke (įtté bdášike) - I, iⁿ-te ta-shi-ke (įtté ttášike) - you

cf. iⁿ-te (įtté) - face; da (da) - by mouth; shi-ke (šíke) - bad, ugly

Dhegiha: iⁿ-tse thu-ʰpi-zhi (įcé ðuuʰpíiži) - make faces, grimace, lit., “make a bad face” [CQ-Osage]

 

scrotum, testicles

shoⁿ-te (šǫté) - testicles, scrotum

ex: te-ska shoⁿ-te ni-ke (tteská šǫté niké) - ox, lit. “cow (white buffalo) without testicles”

ex: kʰi taⁿ ma-shtiⁿ-ke niⁿ wa-sa shoⁿ-te a-niⁿ a-taⁿ de, i-ya (kʰí-tą maštį́ke nį wasá šǫté anį́ attą́ dé, iyá) - when the rabbit returned home, he kept the black bear’s scrotum and left, it is said (they say) [JOD]

ex: ka-hi-ke taⁿ-ka t’e-di-ki-de ni-kʰa-she shoⁿ-te niⁿ-kʰe she iⁿ (kahíke ttą́ka tʔédikidé nikʰáše šǫté nįkʰe šé į) - you’all whose principal chief has been killed, here are the testicles [JOD]

Dhegiha: shoⁿ-de (shoⁿdé) - scrotum [Omaha/Ponca]; shaⁿ-de (can-dé) - the scrotum [JOD-Omaha]; shoⁿ-dse (shoⁿ-dsé) - the scrotum [FL-Osage]; shoⁿ-tse (šǫ́ce) - penis [CQ-Osage]; shoⁿ-je (shóⁿje) - testicles [Kaw]

 

scrub

bi-sh’e (bišʔé) - scrub, bear down washing pi-sh’e (ppíšʔe) - I, shpi-sh’e (špíšʔe) - you

cf. di-sh’e (dišʔé) - wring dry

 

scrub or rub off

di-kaⁿ-da (dikką́da) - rub off, scrub bdi-kaⁿ-da (bdíkkąda) - I, ti-kaⁿ-da (ttíkkąda) - you

Dhegiha: thi-koⁿ-tha (thikóⁿtha) - to rub off dirt with the hands, as in washing garments, pulling them up into folds [Omaha/Ponca]

 

scuff into view with the feet

naⁿ-naⁿ-pe (nąną́pe) - scuff into view with the feet a-naⁿ-naⁿ-pe (aną́nąpe) - I, da-naⁿ-naⁿ-pe (daną́nąpe) - you

cf. naⁿ (ną) - by action of the foot; ba-naⁿ-pe (baną́pe) - push into view; bi-naⁿ-pe (biną́pe) - push out into the open; di-naⁿ-pe (diną́pe) - cause to appear, show; ka-naⁿ-pe (kaną́pe) - uncover, unearth; mi wa-e-naⁿ-pe (mi wáeną́pe) - sunrise, “sun appears, comes into view”

Dhegiha: hi-thoⁿ-be (hí-thoⁿ-be) - made to appear, to be exposed [FL-Osage]; i-thoⁿ-be (í-thoⁿ-be) - to appear, come into site [FL-Osage]; i-thoⁿ-pe (íðǫpe) - appear [CQ-Osage]; i-yoⁿ-be (íyoⁿbe) - appear, come into view, rise, emerge, as from water [Kaw]

 

seam, tear a seam

di-kdi (dikdí) - rip, tear a seam bdi-kdi (bdíkdi) - I, ti-kdi (ttíkdi) - you

 

search, look for, hunt

o-te (otté), (oté) - look for, hunt, search o-a-te (oátte) - I, o-da-te (odátte) - you

cf. o-ki-te (okítte) - look for another’s for him; o-ki-te (okítte) - look for one’s own

ex: i-ka-pʰe o-a-te miⁿ-kʰe (íkapʰe oátte mįkʰé) - looking for old comb (I’m looking for a comb) [MS]

ex: a-shi o-a-te (áši oatté) - back/I looked [JOD]

ex: naⁿ-zha a-shi o-a-te naⁿ taⁿ-iⁿ tʰi (ną́ža áši oatté ną ttą́į́ tʰi) - then when I looked back (searching), he appeared in sight, he had come [JOD]

ex: o-a-ta-zhi a-ni-he (oáttaži anihé) - I seek not/I who move [JOD]

ex: “hoⁿ-zhi, e-koⁿ o-a-ta-zhi a-ni-he,” i-yi i-ya sni-wa-te (“hǫží, ekǫ́ oáttaži anihé,” iyí iyá sniwátte) - “no, I am not looking for that kind,” it is said Winter said [JOD]

ex: e-koⁿ naⁿ o-a-te a-ni-he (ekǫ́ ną́ oátte anihé) - only that sort/I have been seeking [JOD]

ex: “hoⁿ, e-koⁿ naⁿ o-a-te a-ni-he,” i-yi i-ya sni-wa-te (“hǫ, ekǫ́ ną́ oátte anihé,” iyí iyá sniwátte) - “yes, I have been looking for just that kind,” it is said Winter said [JOD]

ex: o-da-te (odátte) - you seek him [JOD]

ex: o-te niⁿ (otté nį) - he seeks/the moving one [JOD]

ex: “ta-taⁿ naⁿ o-te niⁿ e tʰoⁿ?” i-niⁿ-aⁿ i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“táttą ną otté nį e tʰǫ́?” ínįą́ iyá maštį́ke) - “just what can he be looking for?” thought the rabbit, it is said [JOD]

ex: hi naⁿ naⁿ-zha haⁿ-ka e-zhiⁿ-ke o-te naⁿ i-ya-we (hí ną ną́ža hą́ka ežį́ke otté ną iyáwe) - then when he arrived he looked for (sought) Haⁿ-ka’s son, they said [JOD]

ex: naⁿ-zha i-de i-ya-we, o-te shoⁿ-niⁿ i-de i-ya-we (ną́ža íde iyáwe, otté šǫ-nį́ íde iyáwe) - then he found/saw him, they said, after he had sought him for some time, he found/saw him, they said [JOD]

ex: o-te niⁿ i-ya-we, i-de i-ya-we (otté nį iyáwe, íde iyáwe) - he was looking for it, they said, he found/saw it, they said [JOD]

ex: o-te niⁿ i-ya-we, e-hoⁿ i-de i-ya-we (otté nį iyáwe, ehǫ́ íde iyáwe) - he was looking for it, they said, he found/saw it too, they said [JOD]

ex: o-wa-te (ówatte) - seeking them [JOD]

Dhegiha: u-ne (u-né) - to hunt, as an animal or any inanimate object [JOD-Omaha]; u-ne (úne) - search, hunt [Omaha]; u-ʰtse (u-ṭsé), (u-dsé) - to search for, to hunt, to seek [FL-Osage]; o-tse (océ) - look for or search for something or someone, for one's own purposes, not because it or he/she was previously lost, hunt for, go hunting for small game [CQ-Osage]; o-tse (óce) - search, search for stuff, look for things [CQ-Osage]; o-je (ojé) - look for something [Kaw]

 

season, fall

sni-wa-te kdi ta (sníwatte kdi tta) - fall season (winter going to come) [MS]

sni-wa-te kdi ta tʰe (sníwatte kdi tta tʰe) - fall season (winter going to come) [MS]

cf. sni-wa-te (sníwatte) - north, winter, cold, cold weather; sni-wa-te (sniwátte) - power of winter, male; kdi (kdi) - to have come back here; sni-wa-te o-skaⁿ-ska (sniwáte oską́ska) - month in the Quapaw lunar calendar, early Winter, precedes pa-de o-skaⁿ-ska (páde oską́ska); sni (sni) - cold, to be cold; ka-sni-sni (kasnísni) - autumn, “blows cold on and off”; sni-tʰe (snítʰe) - cold; sni-tʰe zho-ka-te (snítʰe žókkatte) - to have chills and fever; o-sni (osní) - cold, north, northwind; o-sni-hi-ta-de-de (osnihíttadéde) - northwest, “whence the cold comes”; ni-sni (nisní), (nísni) - spring, lit. “cold water”; ni-sni toⁿ (nísni ttǫ) - Baxter Springs, Kansas; ni-sni wa-tʰi-shka (nísni watʰíška) - Spring River, I.T.

ex: sni-wa-te (sníwatte) - north [MS]

ex: sni-wa-te (sníwatte) - cold, cold weather [MS, AG]

ex: sni-wa-te (sníwatte) - winter' [FR, OM]

ex: sni-wa-te hi (sníwatte hi) - cold [MS]

ex: sni-wa-te hi pa-de taⁿ (sníwatte hi páde ttą) - cold, winter time [MS]

ex: a-shi(-ti) sni-wa-te (áši(-tti) sníwatté) - cold outside [AG]

Dhegiha: ʰni-wa-tse (ʰní-wa-tse) - to be cold [FL-Osage]; ʰni-wa-tse (ʰní-wa-ṭse) - cold weather, a cold day [FL-Osage]; ni-wa-tse (ní-wa-tse) - it is cold [FL-Osage]; ni-wa-ʰtse (níwaʰce) - be cold, an impersonal weather expression, not used for people [CQ-Osage]; hni-wa-tse (hniwace) - cold, as the weather, winter months [Kaw]

 

ka-sni-sni (kasnísni) - autumn, “blows cold on and off”

ka-sni-sni (kasnísni), ka-sni-sni-ta (kasnísnitta) - fall of year [ASG]

cf. ka (ka) - by striking, by action of the wind or water; sni (sni) - cold, to be cold

Dhegiha: u-ga-sni (ugáçni) - breezy, ventilate [Omaha]

 

wa-sa zhoⁿ aⁿ-he (wasá žǫ́ ąhé) - month in the Quapaw lunar calendar, early winter or late autumn, precedes sni-wa-te o-skaⁿ-ska (sniwáte oską́ska)

cf. wa-sa (wasá) - black bear; zhoⁿ (žǫ), zhaⁿ (žą) - sleep, lie, recline; oⁿ-he (ǫhé) - lay sg/ly/in inside something, put

 

season, spring

pe (pe) - summer; spring [ASG]

pe (pe) - summer

Dhegiha: me (me) - spring, the spring of the year [Omaha/Ponca]; be (be) - spring of the year [FL-Osage]; pe (pée) - springtime, spring [CQ-Osage]

 

pe-ta-de (péttadé) - spring [ASG]

pe-ta-de (pettáde) - towards spring [FR, OM]

 

pe-ta-de-taⁿ (péttadéttą) - springtime

pe-ta-de-taⁿ (péttadéttą) - springtime [MS]

Dhegiha: me-daⁿ (me-dáⁿ) - spring time, in the spring; during the spring [JOD-Omaha]; be-doⁿ (be doⁿ) - in the spring [FL-Osage]; pe-taⁿ (pée tą) - in the spring, in springtime, when it is spring [CQ-Osage]

 

pe-ta-ti o-taⁿ-ka (péttatti óttąka) - early in the spring [JOD]

cf. pe-ta-ti (péttatti) - in the spring; o-taⁿ-ka (óttąka) - as soon as [JOD]

 

pe-ta-ti (péttatti) - in the spring [JOD]

 

zhoⁿ-xda zhi-te (žǫ́xda žítte) - month in the Quapaw lunar calendar, when the buds are red in Spring

cf. zhaⁿ (žą), zhoⁿ (žǫ) - wood, tree; zhoⁿ-xda zhi-te hi (žǫ́xda žítte hi) - redbud tree; zhoⁿ-xda (žǫxdá) - bud; zhi-te (žítte) - red

 

zhaⁿ-to ti-te (žą́tto títte) - month in the Quapaw lunar calendar, perhaps Spring, precedes pa-shte ti-te (ppašté titté)

cf. zhaⁿ to-hi (žą ttohi) - mulberry tree [MS]; ti-te (títte) - ripe, cooked

 

season, summer

pe (pe) - summer

pe (pe) - summer; spring [ASG]

Dhegiha: me (me) - spring. the spring of the year [Omaha/Ponca]; be (be) - spring of the year [FL-Osage]; pe (pée) - springtime, spring [CQ-Osage]

Dhegiha: nu-ge (nugé) - summer [Omaha/Ponca]; nu-ge (nuge) - summer [Omaha]; do-ge (do-gé) - summer [FL-Osage]; to-ke (tooké) - summer, when it is summer, summertime [CQ-Osage]; do-ge (dogé) - summer [Kaw]

 

pe-taⁿ (péttą) - summer

Dhegiha: me-daⁿ (me-dáⁿ) - spring time, in the spring; during the spring [JOD-Omaha]; be-doⁿ (be doⁿ) - in the spring [FL-Osage]; pe-taⁿ (pée tą) - in the spring, in springtime, when it is spring [CQ-Osage]

 

pe o-skaⁿ-ska (pé oską́ska) - midsummer

pe o-skaⁿ-ska (pé oską́ska) - middle of summer [ASG]

cf. pe (pe) - summer; o-skaⁿ-ska (oskąská) - half in length, middle

Dhegiha: o-skoⁿ-ska (o-çkóⁿ çka), u-skoⁿ-ska (u-çkóⁿ-çka) - center, directly in the center of, in the middle [FL-Osage]

Dhegiha: o-ʰkoⁿ-ska (o-ḳóⁿ-çka), u-ʰkoⁿ-ska (u-ḳóⁿ-çka) - the center, middle [FL-Osage]; o-ʰkaⁿ-ska (oʰką́ska) - in the center, middle, at the halfway point [CQ-Osage]; o-kaⁿ-ska (okáⁿska) - one half in length or quantity, the middle one, in the middle, a half dollar, fifty cents [Kaw]

 

pe-tʰe-ti (petʰétti) - in summer [JOD]

cf. pe (pe) - summer; tʰe-ti (tʰétti) - when [JOD]

 

ma-shte pe-taⁿ (mašté péttą) - summertime, sun shining [MS]

cf. ma-shte (mašté) - warm, to be warm; west; pe-taⁿ (péttą) - summer

Dhegiha: ma-shte (mashté) - warm [Omaha/Ponca]; moⁿ-shte (moⁿshte) - warm, sunny day, sunshine [Omaha]; moⁿ-shte (moⁿ-shte), moⁿ-stse (móⁿ-stse) - hot weather, a hot day [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-shtse (mąąšcé) - be warm weather, hot weather, sunny weather [CQ-Osage]; mo-shtse (moshcé), ma-sche (masché) - hot, warm, as weather; be hot, as a person; the warm months, March through September [Kaw]

Dhegiha: me-daⁿ (me-dáⁿ) - spring time, in the spring; during the spring [JOD-Omaha]; be-doⁿ (be doⁿ) - in the spring [FL-Osage]; pe-taⁿ (pée tą) - in the spring, in springtime, when it is spring [CQ-Osage]

 

season, winter

pa-de (páde) - winter

pa-de (páte) - winter [ASG]

Dhegiha: ma-the (máthe) - a winter; a year [Omaha/Ponca]; ba-the (bá-the) - winter [FL-Osage]; pa-the (paðé) - winter [FL-Osage]

 

pa-de taⁿ (pádettą) - winter

pa-de taⁿ (pádettą) - wintertime, when it is winter [MS]

Dhegiha: ma-the doⁿ (máthedoⁿ) - during the winter; in the wintertime; refers to past winters, those before last winter [Omaha/Ponca]; ba-the doⁿ (bá-the doⁿ) - in winter [FL-Osage]

 

pa-de o-skaⁿ-ska (páde oską́ska) - midwinter, name of one of the months in the Quapaw lunar calendar, precedes zhaⁿ-to ti-te (žą́tto ttítte)

cf. pa-de (páde) - winter; o-skaⁿ-ska (oskąská) - half (in length)

 

sni-wa-te (sníwatte) - winter [FR, OM]

sni-wa-te (sniwátte) - winter, cold [ASG]

sni-wa-te (sníwatte) - north, winter

sni-wa-te (sníwatte) - north [MS]

sni-wa-te (sníwatte) - cold, cold weather [MS, AG]

sni-wa-te (sniwátte) - power of winter (male)

cf. sni (sni) - cold, to be cold; sni-tʰe (snítʰe) - cold

Dhegiha: ʰni-wa-ʰtse (ʰní-wa-ṭse) - cold weather, a cold day [FL-Osage]; ni-wa-ʰtse (níwaʰce) - be cold, an impersonal weather expression, not used for people [CQ-Osage]; hni-wa-tse (hniwace) - cold, as the weather, winter, the cold months, approximately September - February [Kaw]

 

sni-wa-te hi pa-de taⁿ (sníwatte hi páde ttą) - cold, wintertime [MS]

cf. sni-wa-te (sníwatte) - winter, cold weather, north; pa-de taⁿ (pádettą) - wintertime, when it is winter

 

sni-wa-te o-skaⁿ-ska (sniwáte oską́ska) - month in the Quapaw lunar calendar, early Winter, precedes pa-de o-skaⁿ-ska (páde oską́ska)

cf. sni-wa-te (sníwatte) - winter, cold weather, north; o-skaⁿ-ska (oskąská) - half (in length)

 

seat, chair

a-kniⁿ (áknį) - chair, seat

a-kniⁿ (áknį) - chair [MS, AB, OM]

a-kniⁿ (ágni), (ágne) - chair [ASG]

cf. a (á) - on, upon; kniⁿ (knį), kdiⁿ (kdį) - sit, be sitting, be in a place, camp

ex: a-kniⁿ tʰe (áknį tʰe) - the chair

ex: a-kniⁿ bi-st-sti (áknį bistísti) - chair with inner springs

ex: shoⁿ-ke a-kniⁿ (šǫ́keáknį) - horse, “sit upon dog”

ex: a-ki-kniⁿ (akíknį) - to sit on one’s own [JOD]

Dhegiha: a-gthiⁿ (ágthiⁿ) - chair, seat [Omaha/Ponca]; a-gthiⁿ (agthiⁿ) - ride a horse; sit on; astride; chair [Omaha]; a-gthiⁿ (á-g¢iⁿ) - a chair or seat; to sit on any object [JOD-Omaha]; a-gthiⁿ (á-gthiⁿ) - chair, to sit upon a cushion, robe, or chair [FL-Osage]; a-liⁿ (áalįį) - chair, seat [CQ-Osage]; a-liⁿ (álįį) - sit upon, ride on, place upon, upon, chair [CQ-Osage]; a-liⁿ (áliⁿ) - sit on, chair [Kaw]

 

second

i-naⁿ-pa (ínąpa) - second [JOD]

cf. i (í) - ordinal numeral marker, i (í) + numeral stem; naⁿ-pa (ną́pa), noⁿ-pa (nǫ́pa), noⁿ-ba (nǫ́ba) - two

ex: shoⁿ-zhi-ka i-naⁿ-pa tʰaⁿ ki-ki-knaⁿ-wi (šǫ́žiká ínąpá tʰą kíkikną́wi) - they put their second pup down for him [JOD]

ex: e-ti-tʰaⁿ i-naⁿ-pa niⁿ di-sh’a (ettítʰą ínąpá nį dišʔá) - then the second one gave out [JOD]

Dhegiha: i-yoⁿ-ba (íyoⁿba) - second time, again [Kaw]

Dhegiha: we-noⁿ-ba (wénoⁿba) - the second (one) [Omaha/Ponca]; we-thoⁿ-ba (wénoⁿba) - second [Omaha]; we-thoⁿ-ba (wé-thoⁿ-ba) - the second [FL-Osage]; we-thoⁿ-ba (wéðǫǫpa) - second, number two [CQ-Osage]; we-noⁿ-ba (wénoⁿbà) - second [Kaw]

 

Second Chief, Assistant Chief

ka-hi-ke o-ba-tʰaⁿ (kahíke obátʰą) - Second Chief; Assistant Chief, “next chief” [JOD]

cf. ka-hi-ke (kahíke) - chief; (obátʰą) - next

ex: Charles Quapaw of ʰti-o-a-di-maⁿ (ttíoádimą) is called ka-hi-ke o-ba-tʰaⁿ (kahíke obátʰą) [JOD]

Dhegiha: ga-hi-ge u-wa-ʰtoⁿ (ga-hí-ge u-wá-toⁿ) - the second chief, this is a modern term, originated since the removal of the Osage from Kansas to their present reservation in the early seventies, before that time the Osage were governed by two hereditary chiefs with no second chiefs [FL-Osage]

Dhegiha: u-wa-tʰoⁿ (uwátʰoⁿ) - the next [Omaha/Ponca]; u-wa-ʰtoⁿ (u-wá-ṭoⁿ) - next in order or line; the next in time, place, or rank [FL-Osage]; o-wa-khaⁿ (owákhaⁿ) - next of kin [Kaw]

 

second daughter

This term differs with the JOD/RR entries and other Dhegiha. Odestine McWatters says wi-na (winá) for second daughter.  One of Maude Supernaw’s great granddaughters was nicknamed wi-na (winá), as she was the second daughter in that family.  When Maude was asked how to say second daughter by her father, she said wi-na (winá).

wi-na (winá), wi-naⁿ (winą́) - daughter, second daughter, birth name [MS]

wi-na (wi-ná) - second girl [OM]

Dhegiha: wi-naⁿ (wi-naⁿ́) - the ordinal birth-name for the first daughter [JOD-Omaha/Ponca]; wi-noⁿ (winóⁿ), wi-na-u (winaú) - first daughter, woman's name [Omaha/Ponca]; mi-na (mí-na) - this special kinship term used by a father and mother for their first daughter, the term is also used by other members of the family, it is not a personal name, it is however, a gentile name, by which she may be addressed by anybody [FL-Osage]; mi-noⁿ (mí-noⁿ) - the first daughter, special kinship term [FL-Osage]; mi-na (míina) - eldest daughter [CQ-Osage]; mi-naⁿ-ga (mínaⁿga) - daughter, 1st (JOD), 2nd (MR) [Kaw]

 

si-ke (síke) - second daughter; birth name

si-ke zhi-ka (síke žika) - second daughter

cf. Alice Crawfish Gilmore is recorded saying that they called her oldest sister si-ke (siké) - oldest daughter, first daughter, birth order name

Dhegiha: si-ge (sigé) - fourth daughter, birth-order name [Omaha/Ponca]; si-ge (çí-ge), a-siⁿ-ga (açiⁿ́-ga) - the third daughter, special kinship term [FL-Osage]; a-siⁿ-ka (asį́ka) - third daughter [CQ-Osage]; si-ge (sigé) - daughter, 3rd or 4th [Kaw]; si-ge pa-haⁿ-le (sigé paháⁿle), a-siⁿ-ga pa-haⁿ-le (ásiiⁿga paháⁿle) - daughter, 3rd born [Kaw]; a-siⁿ-ga (asíⁿga), a-si zhiⁿ-ga (así zhiⁿga) - daughter, 4th born [Kaw]; a-si hiⁿ-ga (asíhiⁿga) - daughter, 4th born, youngest birth name [Kaw]

 

second finger, middle finger

naⁿ-piu-zo-skaⁿ-ska (nąpüzóskąská) - middle finger [MS]

naⁿ-pe o-zo-skaⁿ-ska (nąpé ózoskąská) - middle finger, second finger

cf. naⁿ-pe o-za (nąpé ozá), naⁿ-piu-za (nąpüza) - finger; o-skaⁿ-ska (oskąská) - half in length, middle; naⁿ-pe o-zo-skaⁿ-ska o-pa-taⁿ (nąpé ózoskąská opáttą) - third finger, ring finger, “next to the middle finger”; naⁿ-pe (nąpé), noⁿ-pe (nǫpé) - hand

Dhegiha: noⁿ-be (noⁿbe) - hand [Omaha]; noⁿ-be (noⁿ-bé) - the hand [FL-Osage]; noⁿ-pe (nǫǫpé) - palm of the hand, fist [CQ-Osage]; naⁿ-be (naⁿbé) - hand, paw [Kaw]

Dhegiha: u-za-be (uçábe) - fingers [Omaha]; sha-ge u-za-be (shá-ge u-ça-be) - fingers [FL-Osage]; o-za-be (ozábe) - digits, fingers and toes [Kaw]

Dhegiha: o-skoⁿ-ska (o-çkóⁿ çka), u-skoⁿ-ska (u-çkóⁿ-çka) - center, directly in the center of, in the middle [FL-Osage]; o-ʰkoⁿ-ska (o-ḳóⁿ-çka), u-ʰkoⁿ-ska (u-ḳóⁿ-çka) - the center, middle [FL-Osage]; o-ʰkaⁿ-ska (oʰką́ska) - in the center, middle, at the halfway point [CQ-Osage]; o-kaⁿ-ska (okáⁿska) - one half in length or quantity, the middle one, in the middle, a half dollar, fifty cents [Kaw]

 

second hand, worn or soiled

di-xdi-ke (dixdíke) - worn, soiled, second hand

cf. a-di-xdi-ke (ádixdíke) - worn, well worn; soiled from use; second-hand but not worn out

Dhegiha: thi-xthi-ge (thiqthíge) - worn a long time; soiled for use; second-hand, but not worn out [Omaha/Ponca]; thi-xthi-ge (thi-xthí-ge) - old, worn out [FL-Osage]; wa-thi-xthi-ge (wa-thí-xthi-ge) - worn, faded, secondhand goods [FL-Osage]

 

a-di-xdi-ke (ádixdíke) - worn, well worn; soiled from use; second-hand but not worn out

cf. di-xdi-ke (dixdíke) - worn, soiled, second hand

Dhegiha: thi-xthi-ge (thiqthíge) - worn a long time; soiled for use; second-hand, but not worn out [Omaha/Ponca]; thi-xthi-ge (thi-xthí-ge) - old, worn out [FL-Osage]; wa-thi-xthi-ge (wa-thí-xthi-ge) - worn, faded, secondhand goods [FL-Osage]

 

second son

iⁿ-kʰe zhi-ka (įkʰé žíka), kʰe zhi-ka (kʰe žíka) - son, second born son; birth name

Dhegiha: kshoⁿ-ga (kshóⁿ-ga) - second son; a special kinship term used by members of a family only [FL-Osage]; kshoⁿ-ka (kšǫ́ka) - second son [CQ-Osage]; i-khe (ikhé) - second son: birth-order name [Kaw]; khe-ga (khéga) - son, second born male child [Kaw]

 

second time, again

i-naⁿ-paⁿ (ínąpą́), i-naⁿ-baⁿ (ínąbą́) - second time, again

ex: i-naⁿ-paⁿ aⁿ-baⁿ hi-de taⁿ bde ta miⁿ-kʰe (ínąpą́ ąbą híde tą́ bdé tta mįkʰé) - if he calls to me a second time, I will go [JOD]

ex: i-naⁿ-paⁿ te na-ha ti ke ni-xi-te ni-ka-we i-yi iya (ínąpą́ tté nahá tti ke niγítte nikáwe iyí iyá) - a second time she said, “do not go to those lodges, they are disobedient,” they say [JOD]

Dhegiha: i-thoⁿ-boⁿ (íthoⁿbóⁿ) - a second time; again: usually followed by a negative, making the meaning, never again [Omaha/Ponca]; i-thoⁿ-boⁿ (i-thóⁿ-boⁿ) - again, second time [FL-Osage]

Dhegiha: noⁿ-boⁿ (noⁿboⁿ) - twice [Omaha]; noⁿ-baⁿ (noⁿbáⁿ) - twice, two times [Kaw]

 

second toe

si-po-zo-skaⁿ-skaⁿ o-ba-taⁿ (sippózoską́ską obáttą) - second toe, “next to the middle toe”

cf. si-po-za (sippóza) - toe; o-skaⁿ-ska (oskąská) - half in length, middle; o-ba-tʰaⁿ (obátʰą) - next; si-po-zo-skaⁿ-skaⁿ (sippózoską́ską) - middle or third toe

Dhegiha: si-pa (sipá) - toes, “foot head” [Omaha/Ponca]; si-pa (çi-pá) - toes [FL-Osage]; si-pa u-za-be (çi-pá-u-ça-be) - the toes [FL-Osage]; si-ʰpo (siiʰpó) - toe [CQ-Osage]

Dhegiha: o-skoⁿ-ska (o-çkóⁿ çka), u-skoⁿ-ska (u-çkóⁿ-çka) - center, directly in the center of, in the middle [FL-Osage]; o-ʰkoⁿ-ska (o-ḳóⁿ-çka), u-ʰkoⁿ-ska (u-ḳóⁿ-çka) - the center, middle [FL-Osage]; o-ʰkaⁿ-ska (oʰką́ska) - in the center, middle, at the halfway point [CQ-Osage]; o-kaⁿ-ska (okáⁿska) - one half in length or quantity, the middle one, in the middle, a half dollar, fifty cents [Kaw]

 

second, not even second hand

a-ki-kde-kde (ákkikdekde) - indirectly, not even second hand

cf. a-ki-kde-kde (ákkikdekde) - one after another in quick succession, e.g. shots, events; a-ki-kde-kde ki-te (ákkikdekde kkítte) - to shoot at in quick succession; fire a volley

ex: a-ki-kde-kde a-na-x’oⁿ (ákkikdekde anáxʔǫ) - I heard it indirectly

 

secretly, covertly

na-xnaⁿ (naxną́) - secretly, covertly

cf. na-xnaⁿ i-he-de (naxną́ ihéde) - hide someone’s sg/ly/in object, i + positional + de ‘put away’; na-xnaⁿ i-naⁿ-de (naxną́ iną́de) - hide a sg/si/in object; na-xnaⁿ i-tʰe-de (naxną́ itʰéde) - hide sg/st/in or collection; na-xnaⁿ ki-knaⁿ (naxną́ kikną́) - hide one’s own sg/si/in/ or cloth object; na-xnaⁿ knaⁿ (naxną́ kną́) - hide someone else’s sg/si/in object

Dhegiha: noⁿ-xthoⁿ-ha (noⁿ-xthóⁿ-ha) - privacy, retirement, secrecy, underhand, to have a private consultation, to be secretive [FL-Osage]; naⁿ-loⁿ-ha (nąlǫ́ǫha) - be sneaky, hide, be sly, secretly scheme against someone, go behind someone’s back, be cunning, hide, conceal, on the sly, covertly [CQ-Osage]; noⁿ-xlaⁿ (noⁿxláⁿ) - hide something [Kaw]

 

 

 

see one’s own

i-ki-de (íkide) - see one’s own, recognize one’s own, find one’s own i-da-ki-de (idákide) - I, i-da-ki-de (ídakide) - you, aⁿ-naⁿ-ki-da-we (ąną́kidawe) - we

cf. i-de (íde) - see, find; i-de-ki-de (ídekkidé) - to cause one’s self to find something

ex: i-da-ki-de (idákide) - I find him, my own [JOD]

ex: ho-wa-tʰe-ti t’e-dai tʰe i-te i-da-ki-de te i-ye niⁿ i-ya wa-x’o zhi-ka niⁿ (hówa tʰettí tʔédai tʰe itté idákide tte iyé nį iyá waxʔóžiká nį) - the old woman said, “wherever they may have killed him, I will seek him,” they say [JOD]

ex: i-wi-ki-de (íwíkide) - I see you, my own/my relation

ex: i-wi-ki-de aⁿ-da-kni (íwíkide ą́dakní) - I'm glad to see you [AB, OM]

ex: wi-ti-mi i-wi-ki-de aⁿ-da-kni (wittími íwíkide ą́dakní) - my aunt, I'm glad to see you [FR]

Dhegiha: i-gi-the (í-gi-the) - to see, to discover or find something belonging to one’s self [FL-Osage]; i-ki-the (íikiðe) - find one’s own relative or possession, find, discover or discern something [CQ-Osage]; i-gi-ye (ígiye) - find or see one’s own, recognize one’s own [Kaw]

 

see, find

i-de (íde) - see, find i-da-de (idáde) - I, i-da-de (ídade) - you, aⁿ-naⁿ-de (ąną́de) - we, I and one other; oⁿ-noⁿ-da-we (ǫnǫ́dawe) - we

cf. i-ki-de (íkide) - see one’s own, recognize one’s own, find one’s own; i-de-ki-de (ídekkidé) - to cause one’s self to find something

ex: si-kde a-shi-ti i-da-de (sikdé ášitti idáde) - I saw some footprints outside my house [MS]

ex: i-da-de (ídade) - did you see it? [AG, OM]

ex: i-da-de hoⁿ-zhi (ídade hǫži) - did you not see her [JOD]

ex: wi-ti-kaⁿ wa-x’o miⁿ de-do i-hi naⁿ i-da-de hoⁿ-zhi ae i-ke (wittiką́, waxʔó mį dédo íhi ną ídade hǫži ae, iké) - my grandfather, did you not see a woman that arrived here?, he said to him [JOD]

ex: i-ta i-de (ittá íde) - egg/she found [JOD]

ex: wa-x’o niⁿ-kʰe si-ka i-ta i-de tʰaⁿ (waxʔó nįkʰe sikká ittá íde tʰą) - the woman found/saw a chicken egg [JOD]

ex: i-de (íde) - he found him [JOD]

ex: naⁿ-zha i-de i-ya-we, o-te shoⁿ-niⁿ i-de i-ya-we (ną́ža íde iyáwe, otté šǫ-nį́ íde iyáwe) - then, after he had sought him for some time, he found him, they said [JOD]

ex: o-te niⁿ i-ya-we i-de i-ya-we (otté nį iyáwe, íde iyáwe) - he was looking for it, he found/saw it, they said [JOD]

ex: o-te niⁿ i-ya-we e-hoⁿ i-de i-ya-we (otté nį iyáwe, ehǫ́ íde iyáwe) - he was looking for it, he found it too, they said [JOD]

ex: i-de hi-de (íde híde) - he looked this way and saw her [JOD]

ex: aⁿ-naⁿ-de (ąną́de) - he sees me, he saw me [JOD]

ex: wa-x’o niⁿ-kʰe i-xa koⁿ-da niⁿ-kʰe e-ni-te o-do-tʰe aⁿ-naⁿ-de te a-zha-miⁿ i-da-xa-zhi (waxʔó nįkʰe íxa kǫ́da nįkʰe énitte, ódotʰe ąną́de tte ážąmį idáxa-ži) - the woman wanted to laugh, although she thought he will see/find me, I won't laugh [JOD]

ex: i-da-xa naⁿ o-do-tʰe aⁿ-naⁿ-de te a-zha-miⁿ i-da-xa-zhi i-yi (idáxa ną ódotʰe ąną́de tte ážąmį́, idáxa-ží iyí) - I thought, if I laugh the man eater will see/find me, I didn't laugh, she said [JOD]

ex: kaⁿ naⁿ aⁿ-naⁿ-de hi-de naⁿ aⁿ-di-xe (ką ną ąną́de híde ną́ ądixe) - so when he saw me, he chased me [JOD]

ex: i-de-ki-de (ídekidé) - she caused herself to find it [JOD]

ex: a-shi-ti ka-xta-i ke o-ki-te a-taⁿ i-de-ki-de naⁿ da-tʰe kaⁿ-niⁿ-kʰe (ášitti kaxtąi ke okítte áttą ídekidé ną datʰé ką́-nįkʰé) - the things (food) that were poured outside, she searched for them and she found/saw them, so she sat awhile eating [JOD]

ex: i-de (íd¢e) - he found it [JOD]

ex: ta-ska miⁿ i-de naⁿ t’e-de, i-ya (ttaská mį́ íde ną́ tʔé-de, iyá) - when he found a Rocky Mountain sheep, he killed it, it is said [JOD]

ex: we-de (wéde) - he saw them [JOD]

ex: hoⁿ-tʰaⁿ-hi ma-shtiⁿ-ke ni-ka-shi-ka we-de naⁿ, i-ya (hǫ́tʰąhi maštį́ke níkkašíka wéde ną, iyá) - after a while the Rabbit saw some Indians, it is said [JOD]

ex: aⁿ-naⁿ-de ta-i (ąną́de ttaí) - let us see! [JOD]

ex: “aⁿ-naⁿ-de ta-i, e-koⁿ te e-ki-oⁿ!” sni-wa-te i-yi i-ya (“ąną́de ttaí, ékǫ tte ékiǫ́!” sniwátte iyí iyá) - “we shall see, do so!” it is said that Winter said [JOD]

ex: k’iⁿ koⁿ pa naⁿ wi-a-de pa e-koⁿ (kʔį́ kǫ́ ppá ną wiáde ppá ékǫ) - carries on his back/sort/the ones who (as a class)/I have seen them/the ones who (=those I used to see)/so [JOD]

ex: “e-ska, wi-zhiⁿ-ke, iⁿ-tʰoⁿ-na maⁿ-o-zhi k’iⁿ koⁿ pa naⁿ wi-a-de pa e-koⁿ kaⁿ, i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“éska, wižį́ke, įtʰǫ́na mą́oží kʔį́ kǫ́ ppá ną wiáde ppá ékǫ kką,” iyí iyá maštį́ke) - “Oh my son I hope that you become like the young unmarried men (able to take wives) whom I have seen carrying quivers on their backs,” it is said Rabbit said [JOD]

Dhegiha: i-the (ithe) - discover, find [Omaha]; i-the (í-the) - to see, to find, to discern [FL-Osage]; i-the (íiðe) - see, find [CQ-Osage]; i-ye (íye) - see, watch, find, discover [Kaw]

 

see, to see, find or discover things

we-de (wéde) - to see, find or discover things

cf. i-de (íde) - see, find

ex: we-de (wéde) - he saw them [JOD]

ex: hoⁿ-tʰaⁿ-hi ma-shtiⁿ-ke ni-ka-shi-ka we-de naⁿ, i-ya (hǫ́tʰąhi maštį́ke níkkašíka wéde ną, iyá) - after a while the Rabbit saw some Indians, it is said [JOD]

ex: i-shta we-de da-kniⁿ-zhi (ištá wéde daknį́ži) - be nearsighted

Dhegiha: we-the (wéthe) - to find them (the animate objects for which they have been hunting); to find, as the horses which he had lost; to find wood for the fire; to discover or detect, as the approach or presence of enemies [Omaha/Ponca]; we-the (wé-the) - to see find of discover [FL-Osage]; we-ye (wéye) - to see, find, or discover them (plural animate objects) [Kaw]

 

see, I’m glad to see you

i-wi-ki-de aⁿ-da-kni (íwíkide ą́dakní) - I’m glad to see you [AB, OM]

wi-ti-mi, i-wi-ki-de aⁿ-da-kni (wittími, íwíkide ą́dakní) - my aunt, I’m glad to see you [FR]

cf. i-wi-ki-de (íwíkide) - I see you, my relation; aⁿ-da-kni (ą́dakni), aⁿ-da-kniⁿ (ą́daknį) - I’m happy, I’m pleased

Dhegiha: i-gi-the (igithe) - to find his own [Omaha/Ponca]; i-gi-the (í-gi-the) - to see; to discover or find something belonging to one’s self [FL-Osage]; i-ki-the (íikiðe) - find one’s own relative or possession; find, discover or discern something [CQ-Osage]; i-gi-ye (ígiye) - find or see one’s own, recognize one’s own [Kaw]

Dhegiha: gi-tha-gthiⁿ (gí-tha-gthiⁿ) - happy, pleased [FL-Osage]; ki-tha-liⁿ (kiðálį) - be glad, feel good, also used as an equivalent of thank you, like, enjoy, be happy about, be pleased with [CQ-Osage]; gi-ya-le (gíyale) - be happy [Kaw]

 

see, to come see someone

ki-toⁿ-we tʰi (kkitǫ́we tʰi) - to visit, to go see one’s own

cf. toⁿ-we (tǫ́we), taⁿ-we (tą́we) - look at something; ki-taⁿ-we (kkitą́we) - to look at one’s own [JOD]; tʰi (tʰi) - arrive, to have come here

ex: aⁿ-ki-toiⁿ tʰi hne (ąkitoį tʰi hné) - come see me (request) [MS]

ex: shi-naⁿ aⁿ-ki-toiⁿ tʰi hne (shi-naⁿ aⁿ-ki-toiⁿ tʰi hne (šíną ąkitoį tʰi hné) - come back and see me again (request) [MS]

Dhegiha: gi-doⁿ-be tsi (gidóⁿbe cí) - visit, go/come to see someone [Kaw]

Dhegiha: gi-toⁿ-be (gitóⁿbe) - to look at or see his own [Omaha/Ponca]; kʰi-toⁿ-be (kʰitóⁿbe) - to look at each other (du.) or at one another (pl.); to see each other or one another [Omaha/Ponca]; ki-toⁿ-be (kitóⁿbe) - to look at himself [Omaha/Ponca]; gi-doⁿ-be (gi-dóⁿ-be) - to view one’s own property [FL-Osage]; ʰki-ʰtoⁿ-be (ḳi-ṭoⁿ-be) - look over one’s self [FL-Osage]; ki-toⁿ-pe (kitǫ́pe) - see someone; look with regard to someone, look down on (benevolently), watch over [CQ-Osage]; ki-toⁿ-pe (kítǫpe) - look at something that belongs to someone [CQ-Osage]; ʰki-ʰtoⁿ-pe (ʰkíʰtǫpe) - look at oneself; look at one’s own [CQ-Osage]; ki-ʰtoⁿ-pe (kiʰtǫ́pe) - watch one’s own things, look at one’s own things [CQ-Osage]

 

seed

pi (ppi) - seed

pi (ppi) - seed [MR]

cf. pi-de (ppíde) - acorn

Dhegiha: ʰpi-si (pi-çi) - acorn [FL-Osage]; ʰpi-su-hu (ʰpisúhu) - oak, lit. “acorn tree” [CQ-Osage]; pu-su zhiⁿ-ga (pusú zhiⁿga), pu-su-hiⁿ-ga (pusúhiⁿga) - the smallest type of acorn [Kaw]

 

seed, apple seed

kaⁿ-te si (kką́tte sí) - apple seed [MS]

kaⁿ-te i-iⁿ-xe si (kką́tte íįxe sí) - apple seed

cf. kaⁿ-te (kką́tte) - apple [MS, OM]; si (si) - seed, pit, grain, kernel

Dhegiha: koⁿ-de (kóⁿde) - a plum, plums [Omaha/Ponca]; koⁿ-de (koⁿde) - plum [Omaha]; ʰko-dse (ḳóⁿ-dse) - plums, any kind of fruit, as plums, peaches, apples, applied to fruit in general [FL-Osage]; ʰkaⁿ-tse (ʰką́ące) - apple; fruit [CQ-Osage]; kaⁿ-je (káⁿje) - plum; fruit [Kaw]

 

seed, pit, grain, kernel

si (si) - seed, pit, grain, kernel

ex: kaⁿ-te si (kką́tte sí) - apple seed [MS]

ex: kaⁿ-te si (kkątté si) - peach stone

ex: kaⁿ-te shta si (kkąttéštá si) - plum pit

ex: kaⁿ-te i-iⁿ-xe si (kką́tte íįxe sí) - apple seed

ex: pe-zhe xta si (ppéžexta si) - rice [OM]

ex: pe-zhe xta si zhi-ka (ppéžextá si žíka) - rice [JOD]

ex: wa-naⁿ-’iⁿ si zhi-ka (waną́ʔį sížiká) - small beads

ex: wa-tʰaⁿ-zi si (wátʰązí si) - grains of corn

Dhegiha: si (si) - seed [Omaha/Ponca]; si (çi) - pit [Omaha]; si (si) - seed, in general; a seed [JOD-Omaha]; si (çi), su (çu) - seed [FL-Osage]; su (súu) - seed, pit, kernel [CQ-Osage]

 

seeds, melon seeds

wa-maⁿ-te (wamą́tte) - melon seeds

wa-maⁿ-te (wamấⁿte) - seed [ASG]

Dhegiha: wa-miⁿ-de (wamíⁿde), wa-mi-de (wamíde) - seed, seed for planting or sowing [Omaha/Ponca]; wa-moⁿ-dse (wa-móⁿ-dse) - seeds of any kind [FL-Osage]

 

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