English to Quapaw Dictionary

S

saber - scarf	scarlet - seeds	seesaw  -  shaman	shame - shore
short - sigh	sight - sitting	six - slivers	slow - soak
soap - soul	sound - spits	splash - stands	star - stockings
stomach - stretching	stride - Sunday	sunrise - syrup

 

sight, in sight

► taⁿ-iⁿ (ttą́į) - visible, in sight

► cf. taⁿ-iⁿ-zhi (ttą́įži) - invisible, out of sight; taⁿ-hi-de (ttąhíde) - to have passed by in sight

► ex: taⁿ-iⁿ-hi-pa (ttą́į-hi-ppá) - in sight/were coming/the moving ones [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ-tʰaⁿ-hi ni-ka-shi-ka a-na-hi-te-xti taⁿ-iⁿ-hi-pa i-ya, kaxną́ (hǫ́tʰąhi níkkašíka anáhittéxti ttą́į-hi-ppá iyá, kaxną́) - then a great many people, members of a hunting party, came in sight [JOD]

► ex: taⁿ-iⁿ-hi-pa (ttą́į-hi-ppá) - in sight/were coming/the moving ones [JOD]

► ex: shi-naⁿ ka-xnaⁿ a-na-hi-te taⁿ-iⁿ-hi-pa-naⁿ, i-ya (šiną́ kaxną́ anáhitte ttą́į-hi-ppá-ną, iyá) - again a great many people, members of a hunting party, came in sight, it is said [JOD]

► ex: naⁿ-zha a-shi o-a-te naⁿ taⁿ-iⁿ tʰi (ną́ža áši oatté ną ttą́į́ tʰi) - then when I looked back, he appeared in sight, he had come [JOD]

► ex: mi-taⁿ-iⁿ (mittą́į) - sun sure up [MS]

► ex: mi-taⁿ-iⁿ (mi taⁿ́-iⁿ) - female name of the Kwapa Sun gens, Visible Moon, mother of ka-hi-ke ste-te (k͓ahík͓e stĕ́tĕ) [JOD]

► Dhegiha: toⁿ-iⁿ-the (tóⁿiⁿthe) - to make something visible or clear, to explain [Omaha/Ponca]; ʰtoⁿ-iⁿ (ṭóⁿiⁿ), tiⁿ (ṭiⁿ) - visible, readily seen [FL-Osage]; toiⁿ (tǫ́į), toⁿ-pe (tǫ́pe) - see, observe, watch, look, look at, on, or upon [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: ʰtoⁿ-iⁿ (ṭóⁿ-iⁿ) - pronounced ʰtiⁿ (ṭiⁿ), visible, readily seen [FL-Osage]; ʰtiⁿ (ʰtį́į), ʰtsiⁿ (ʰcį́į), ʰtiⁿ-e (ʰtį́e) - appear, show [CQ-Osage]; tiⁿ (tiⁿ) - visible [Kaw]

 

sight, out of sight

► taⁿ-iⁿ-zhi (ttą́įži) - invisible, out of sight

► cf. taⁿ-iⁿ (ttą́į) - visible, in sight; zhi (ži) - not, negation

► Dhegiha: ʰtoⁿ-iⁿ a-zhi (ṭoⁿ-íⁿ a-zhi) - invisible, not visible, not to be seen [FL-Osage]; wa-tiⁿ-zhi (watíⁿzhi) - invisible, not in sight [Kaw]

 

sight, to fear the sight of something

► naⁿ-pe (ną́ppe), noⁿ-pe (nǫ́ppe) - to fear the sight of something ► naⁿ-a-pe (ną́appe) - I, naⁿ-da-pe (nądappe) - you, naⁿ-oⁿ-pa-we (ną́ǫppawe) - we

► cf. noⁿ-pe-wa-de (nǫ́ppewade), naⁿ-pe-wa-de (ną́ppewade) - dangerous, also masculine name; maⁿ naⁿpa-zhi (maⁿ´naⁿ-pá-ji) - masculine name, He fears not Arrows [JOD]

► ex: naⁿ-pe niⁿ (ną́ppe nį́) - he fears as he moves [JOD]

► ex: wi-ti-mi, wi-te-ke ta-taⁿ naⁿ-pe niⁿ e? (wíttimí, wittéke táttą ną́ppe nį́ e?) - aunt (my father’s sister), what does uncle (my mother’s brother) fear? [JOD]

► ex: naⁿ-pe ni-ke hi (ną́ppe niké hi) - he fears/there is nothing/very [JOD]

► ex: “di-te-ke ta-taⁿ naⁿ-pe ni-ke hi,” i-yi i-ya wa-x’o-zhi-ka niⁿ-kʰe (“dítteke táttą ną́ppe niké hi,” iyí iyá waxʔóžiká nįkʰé) - “your uncle (your mother’s brother) fears nothing whatsoever,” it is said the old woman said [JOD]

► ex: naⁿ-pe aⁿ-taⁿ (ną́ppe ąttą́) - to fear it/I have [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ-zhi, wi-ti-mi, wi-e-hi-taⁿ naⁿ-pe aⁿ-taⁿ (hǫží, wíttimí, wiéhittą́ ną́ppe ąttą́) - no! father’s sister, even I have something to fear [JOD]

► ex: naⁿ-pe ni-ke (ną́ppe niké) - to fear/have nothing [JOD]

► ex: haⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ, wi-te-ke naⁿ-pe ni-ke ni-hoⁿ? (hąnį́ttą, wittéke ną́ppe niké nihǫ́?) - how could it be possible that my mother’s brother fears nothing? [JOD]

► ex: naⁿ-pe niⁿ (ną́ppe nį́) - he fears it as he moves [JOD]

► ex: “hoⁿ! di-te-ke ta-ska pa-hi naⁿ-pe niⁿ,” i-yi i-ya wa-xo-zhi-ka niⁿ-kʰe (“hǫ! díttéke ttaská ppahí ną́ppe nį́,” iyí iyá waxʔóžiká nįkʰé) - “yes! your mother’s brother fears the head of a Bighorn sheep,” it is said the old woman said [JOD]

► ex: naⁿ-pe xa-ke niⁿ-kʰe (ną́ppe γaké nįkʰé) - fearing to see her/was crying (as she sat) [JOD]

► ex: e-hoⁿ kʰe we-s’a o-do-hi kʰe taⁿ-ha naⁿ-pe xa-ke niⁿ-kʰe (ehǫ́ kʰe wésʔa odóhi kʰe tą́ha ną́ppe γaké nįkʰé) - she was crying because she was afraid of her mother which had changed into a snake [JOD]

► Dhegiha: wa-noⁿ-pe (wanoⁿpe) - fear [Omaha]; noⁿ-ʰpe (nóⁿ-p̣e) - to fear, to dread, to have a horror, to be afraid, to be timid [FL-Osage]; noⁿ-ʰpe (nǫ́ǫʰpe) - be afraid or scared, fear [CQ-Osage]; noⁿ-pe (nóⁿpe) - be afraid of what is visible [Kaw]

 

sight, to have passed by in sight

► taⁿ-hi-de (ttąhíde) - to have passed by in sight

► cf. taⁿ-iⁿ (ttą́į) - visible, in sight; hi-de (hidé) - to send here; cause to come here; go, to have gone somewhere; precipitate, as rain, snow

► Dhegiha: ʰtoⁿ-iⁿ (ṭoⁿ́iⁿ), ʰtiⁿ (ṭiⁿ) - visible, readily seen [FL-Osage]; toiⁿ (tǫ́į), toⁿ-pe (tǫ́pe) - see, observe, watch, look, look at, on, or upon [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: i-the (í-¢ĕ) - to send hither [JOD-Omaha]; hiu-the (hiú-the) - to cause to come [FL-Osage]; hu-the (húðe) - cause to come here, send here; hand over, hand to, pass to by hand or other means; come here [CQ-Osage]; hu-ye (húye) - relating to weather: blowing, precipitating [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: hi-the (hí-¢ĕ) - to cause him, her, or it to reach there (not his home) [JOD-Omaha]; hi-the (hi-thé) - to have gone; to have departed; to cause to reach there; to send thither [FL-Osage]; hi-the (híðe) - send there, lit., ‘cause to arrive there’ [CQ-Osage]; hi-ye (hiyé) - to have gone (somewhere); send, lit. “cause to arrive there” [Kaw]; hi-ye (hiyé), i-ye (iyé) - to have gone to a particular place; to have set, as the sun [Kaw]

 

sight, wait for someone not in sight

► i-da-pe (idáppe) - wait for someone not in sight ► i-bda-pe (ibdáppe) - I, i-ta-pe (ittáppe) - you

► Dhegiha: i-tha-pʰe (ithápʰe) - to wait for on not yet in sight [Omaha/Ponca]; i-tha-pe (ithape) - wait [Omaha]; i-tha-ʰpe (i-thá-p̣e) - to wait for someone [FL-Osage]; i-tha-ʰpe (iðáʰpe) - wait, wait for [CQ-Osage]; i-ya-pa (iyapa) - wait [Kaw]

 

sign of doubt

► niⁿ-haⁿ (nįhą) - would, sign of doubt; can it be?; can?; should? [JOD]

► ni-hoⁿ (nihǫ́) - improbability post clitic, dubitative

► ex: di-k’i niⁿ-ha (dikʔí nįhą) - give to thee/would (sign of doubt) [JOD]

► ex: iⁿ-knaⁿ, be ti di-k’i niⁿ-ha (įkną́, be ttí dikʔí nįhą) - first son, who would give you a lodge [JOD]

► ex: ta-toⁿ niⁿ-haⁿ (táttǫ nįhą́) - what/can it be? [JOD]

► ex: ta-toⁿ niⁿ-haⁿ (táttǫ nįhą́) - what can it be? [JOD]

► ex: bda-tʰe niⁿ-haⁿ (bdatʰé nįhą) - I eat/can? [JOD]

► ex: haⁿ, naⁿ-pi-aⁿ-hi miⁿ-kʰe, ta-taⁿ bda-tʰe niⁿ-haⁿ (hą, ną́ppią́hi mįkʰé, táttą bdatʰé nįhą́) - yes, I’m hungry, what can I eat? [JOD]

► ex: i-niⁿ-haⁿ (inįhą́) - can it be! [JOD]

► ex: aⁿ-t’e ni-hoⁿ (ątʔé nihǫ́) - me die/should? [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ-zhi, wi-te-ke, haⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ aⁿ-t’e ni-hoⁿ (hǫží, wítteke, hąnį́ttą ątʔé nihǫ́) - no, uncle (my mother’s brother), how could I possibly die? [JOD]

► ex: naⁿ-pe ni-ke ni-hoⁿ (ną́ppe niké nihǫ́) - to fear/have nothing/should [JOD]

► ex: haⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ, wi-te-ke naⁿ-pe ni-ke ni-hoⁿ? (hąnį́ttą, wittéke ną́ppe niké nihǫ́?) - how could it be possible that my mother’s brother fears nothing? [JOD]

 

sign of past time, but

► e-de (edé) - but, sign of past time

► ex: miⁿ-kʰe tʰe-de (mį́kʰe tʰedé) - told the truth/in the past, but [JOD]

► ex: “hoⁿ! wi-to-shpa miⁿ-kʰe tʰe-de,” i-yi i-ya (“hǫ! wittóšpa mį́kʰe tʰedé,” iyí iyá) - “oh! my grandson did tell the truth, but ….” it is said she said [JOD]

► ex: e-de (edé) - but

► ex: e-de ni-ka-shi-ka zho-hi hi o-kda-x’a-x’a-we i-ya bdo-ka hi (edé níkkašíka žóhi hi okdáxʔaxʔáwe iyá bdóka hi) - but there were a great many people, the entire group gave the scalp yell, it is said (they say) [JOD]

 

sign of sudden effect

► i-naⁿ (iną́) - sign of sudden effect, sentence final

► cf. i-naⁿ-naⁿ (iną́ną) - suddenly and often [JOD]

► ex: i-naⁿ (iną́) - it alighted suddenly [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ iⁿ-tʰiⁿ de-de naⁿ ka-xo-wa-de i-naⁿ, i-ya-we (kóišǫ́ttą į́tʰį déde ną kaxówade iną́, iyáwe) - then he threw the club/stick, when it alighted suddenly making the sound “po” from hitting the ground, they say [JOD]

► ex: i-naⁿ (iną́) - suddenly (personat) [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ-zhi, wi-ti-mi, wi-e-taⁿ aⁿ-na-xi-da shtaⁿ i-naⁿ (hǫží, wíttimí, wiéhittą́ ąnáγida štą́ iną́) - nonsense, my aunt (my father’s sister), even I am often scared [JOD]

 

sign, past sign

► naⁿ (ną), noⁿ (nǫ) - past sign, when [JOD]

► ex: koⁿ-ze tʰaⁿ naⁿ (kǫzé tʰą ną́) - pretend/the std. one/past sign

► ex: ti-zhe ti hi na-zhiⁿ a-taⁿ xa-ke koⁿ-ze tʰaⁿ naⁿ i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (ttíže-ttí-hi nažį́-attą́ γaké kǫzé tʰą ną́ iyá maštįke) - the rabbit arrived to the entrance of the lodge and stood there, pretending cry, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: we-de naⁿ (wéde ną) - he saw them/past act [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ-tʰaⁿ-hi ma-shtiⁿ-ke ni-ka-shi-ka we-de naⁿ, i-ya (hǫ́tʰąhi maštį́ke níkkašíka wéde ną, iyá) - after a while the Rabbit saw some Indians, it is said [JOD]

► ex: da-x’e-aⁿ-ki-de naⁿ-we (daxʔéąkkidé nąwé) - you (plural) used to be kind to him for me [JOD]

► ex: ma-shtiⁿ-ke ho-wa ni-kʰa-she da-x’e-aⁿ-ki-de naⁿ-we e (maštį́ke hówa nikʰáše daxʔéąkkidé nąwé e) - which of you’all were kind to Rabbit for me? [JOD]

► ex: i-ye ną-we (iyé-năⁿ-wé) - they said (in the past) [JOD]

► ex: “wi-e! wi-e! wi-e!” i-ye ną-we (“wíe! wíe! wíe!” iyé-naⁿ-wé) - “me! me! me!” they said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: thaⁿ (¢aⁿ) - in the past, forms a relative clause, with a past reference [JOD-Omaha]; doⁿ (doⁿ) - because; when; did [FL-Osage]; naⁿ (naⁿ), na (na) - ‘past’ marker for classifiers; anterior mode [Kaw]

 

sign, question sign

► e (e), a-e (ae), a (a) - question sign, sentence final

► ex: “ma-shtiⁿ-ke, hoⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ da-xa-ke e,” i-yi i-ya wa-sa niⁿ-kʰe (“maštį́ke, hǫnį́ttą daγáke e,” iyí iyá wasá nįkʰé) - “rabbit, why are you crying?” said the bear, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: “naⁿ-pe-di-haⁿ-zhi e,” i-ke (“nąppédihąží e,” iké) - “are you not hungry?” he said to her [JOD]

► ex: e-ti ta-taⁿ e (étti táttą e) - is there anything else? [JOD]

► ex: iⁿ-knaⁿ, da-kdi a-e (įkną́, dakdí ae) - first son, you have come home? [JOD]

ex[máhį škǫtta e 'Do you want a knife?']

► ex: shoⁿ-ke-a-kniⁿ di-ta da-ki-shkoⁿ-ta e (šǫkeáknį dítta dakíškǫtta e) - do you want your own horse?

► ex: ti tʰe ha-naⁿ-ska e (tti tʰe hánąska e) - how big is the house?

► ex: wa-so-so ta-ba-xe e (wasóso ttábaγe e) - did you bite the cord in two?

► ex: ha-ki e (hakí e) - where is it? [AB]

► ex: ha-ki shi e (háki ši e) - where have you been?' [MS]

► ex: ha-tʰaⁿ-ti da-tʰi e (hatʰą́tti datʰí e) - when did you come? [MS]

► ex: hoⁿ-e (hǫ́e), haⁿ-e (hą́e) - what happened? what’s the matter?

► ex: “hoⁿ-e ni-ka di-ta,” i-ke-a-we (“hǫ́e níkka dítta,” ikeáwe) - “what is the matter/what happened with your man (husband),” they said to her [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ-e (hǫ́e)  - is that so? [OM]

► ex: i-shpa-haⁿ-we a, e-te te (íšpahąwé a, étte tté) - do you’all know? I wonder. [JOD]

► ex: iⁿ-knaⁿ, da-kdi a-e (įkną́, dakdí ae) - first son, you have come home? [JOD]

► ex: “wi-ti-kaⁿ, wa-x’o miⁿ de-do i-hi naⁿ i-da-de hoⁿ-zhi ae,” i-ke (“wittiką́, waxʔó mį dédo íhi ną ídade hǫži ae,” iké) - “my grandfather, did you not see a woman that arrived here?” he said to him [JOD]

► ex: naⁿ-pe-di-hi-aⁿ-zhi a-e (nąppédią́ži aé) - are you not hungry? [JOD]

► ex: kʰi naⁿ, “haⁿ wa-x’o di-ta di-t’e a-e” (kʰí ną, “hą waxʔó dítta ditʔé ae”) - when he reached home, he was asked, “what is the matter with your woman/wife, is she dead (to you)?” [JOD]

► Dhegiha: a (a) - question marker, placed at the end of an interrogative sentence [Omaha/Ponca]; a (a) - interrog. placed after the word or phrase to which it belongs, used by both sexes [JOD-Omaha]; a (a) - an interrogation sign, used at the end of a sentence [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: hiⁿ (hiⁿ) - an interrogative sign, indicating that a question has been asked [FL-Osage]; hiⁿ (hį́) - isn’t it so [CQ-Osage]; hiⁿ-e (híⁿe), hiⁿ e (hiⁿ e), e hiⁿ (e hiⁿ) - question marking particle [Kaw]

 

signal, to give the attack signal

► wa-te wa-baⁿ (watté wabą́) - to give the attack signal ► wa-te wa-paⁿ (watté wappą́) - I, wa-te wa-shpaⁿ (watté wašpą́) - you

► cf. baⁿ (bą) - call, to halloo; ki-baⁿ (kibą) - flute, “to call to”; wa-te-baⁿ (wattébą́) - to give the attacking cry

► Dhegiha: wa-ʰtse (wa-ṭsé) - a triumph, victory, the touching of a living or fallen foe to win one of the prescribed war honors [FL-Osage]; wa-tse (wacé) - count coup, to touch a fallen foe, victory [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: boⁿ (boⁿ) - call, to call out once [Omaha/Ponca]; boⁿ (boⁿ), poⁿ (poⁿ) - scream, yell [Omaha]; boⁿ (boⁿ) - to call to shout [FL-Osage]; boⁿ (boⁿ) - to call [CQ-Osage]; baⁿ (baⁿ) - call to [Kaw]

 

► wa-te-baⁿ (wattébą́) - to give the attacking cry ► wa-te-paⁿ (wattéppą́) - I, wa-te-shpaⁿ (wattéšpą́) - you

► cf. baⁿ (bą) - call, to halloo; ki-baⁿ (kibą) - flute, “to call to”; wa-te wa-baⁿ (watté wabą́) - to give the attack signal

► ex: “wi-taⁿ-niⁿ hi wa-te-paⁿ ta miⁿ-kʰe, e-ti-tʰaⁿ o-kda-x’a-x’a-we ka!” i-we-ke i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke tʰaⁿ (wíttąnį hi wattéppą́ tta mįkʰé ettítʰą okdáxʔaxʔá-we ká iwéke iyá maštį́ke tʰą) - “I will give the attack cry first, immediately afterward you must give the scalp yell,” the rabbit said to them, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: wa-te-baⁿ i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke tʰaⁿ (wattébą́ iyá maštį́ke tʰą) - the rabbit gave the attack signal, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► Dhegiha: wa-ʰtse-boⁿ (wa-ṭsé-boⁿ) - a cry of triumph, given as a victorious war party approaches the village as it returns [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: boⁿ (boⁿ) - call, to call out once [Omaha/Ponca]; boⁿ (boⁿ), poⁿ (poⁿ) - scream, yell [Omaha]; boⁿ (boⁿ) - to call to shout [FL-Osage]; boⁿ (boⁿ) - to call [CQ-Osage]; baⁿ (baⁿ) - call to [Kaw]

 

silent, noiseless, speechless

► a-pe (áppe) - silent, noiseless, speechless

► cf. a-pe-hi (appéhi) - very silent

► ex: a-pe hi (appéhi) - very silent

► ex: a-pe hi (appé hi) - noiseless/very [JOD]

 

► i-a-zhi (íaží) - mute

► cf. i-e (ie), i-ye (íye) - talk, speak; zhi (ži) - negative, negation, not

► Dhegiha: i-a-zhi (íazhi) - not to speak, to be silent, negation of i-e (íe) [Omaha/Ponca]; i-a-zhi (í-a-zhi) - a mute, reticent, “speak not” [FL-Osage]; i-a-zhi (íaži) - to say nothing [CQ-Osage]

 

► o-ni-aⁿ niⁿ-ke hi (onią́ nįké hi) - no noise, “not even breathing” [JOD]

► cf. o-ni-aⁿ-hi-de (onią́hidé) - breathe; ni-ke (niké), niⁿ-ke (nįké) - to have none, be lacking; hi (hi) - very

► Dhegiha: o-ni thiⁿ-ke (oní ðįké), o-niⁿ iⁿ-ke(onį́įke) - be quiet, not make noise, no sound [CQ-Osage]; o-niⁿ iⁿ-ka (onį́ įka) - be quiet!, don’t make noises! [CQ-Osage]; ni-aⁿ yiⁿ-ge (niáⁿyiⁿgè) - speechless, quiet, unmoving, still [Kaw]

 

silk, corn silk

► wa-hi-da-pe-zhoⁿ-zhoⁿ (wahídappežǫ́žǫ) - corn silk

► cf. wa-hi (wahí) - cornstalk

► Dhegiha: wa-tha-pshe-zhoⁿ-zhoⁿ (wa-thá-pshe-zhoⁿ-zhoⁿ) - corn silk or tassel [FL-Osage]

 

silly, be foolish or silly

► o-pa-ta-zhi (óppattáži) - be foolish, silly ► o-aⁿ-pa-ta-zhi (óąppattáži) - I’m, o-di-pa-ta-zhi (ódippattáži) - you’re

 

silver armlets

► maⁿ-ze-ska a-kaⁿ-ta (mązéska ákkątta) - silver armlets [JOD]

► cf. ma-ze-ska (mazéska) - silver; a-ka-ta (ákkątta) - armlets [JOD]

► ex: e-ti maⁿ-ze-ska a-kaⁿ-ta i-niⁿ-ha wa-di-ski-ta maⁿ-ze shto-zha o-ki-ba-taⁿ e-ti-zhi pa naⁿ (ettí mązéska ákątta inįhá wádiskittá mązé štóža okkíbattą ettíži ppa ną) - sliver armlets and silver crescent bracelets, they put them on in rows, one after another [JOD]

► Dhegiha: a-ʰkoⁿ-ʰta (á-ḳoⁿ-ṭa) - wristband, wrist guard [FL-Osage]

 

silver breast ornament

► ma-ze-ska ka-sta wa-naⁿ-’iⁿ (mazéska kásta waną́ʔį) - silver breast ornament (gorget)

► mazéska kastá waną́ʔį (ma zas ka ga sta wŭ nŭ i) - silver breast ornament, from Harrison Quapaw [MH]

► cf. ma-ze-ska (mazéska) - silver, money, a dollar; ma-ze (máze) - iron, metal; ska (ska) - white; ma-ze we-ka-sta (mazé wékastá) - hammer, “with which to strike metal”; ka-sta (kastá) - strike, fall on; wa-naⁿ-’iⁿ (waną́ʔį) - necklace, necktie, neckerchief; naⁿ-’iⁿ (nąʔį́) - wear around the neck

► Dhegiha: moⁿ-ze ska (moⁿçeçka) - money, silver, currency [Omaha]; maⁿ-ze ska (máⁿzĕskă) - money [JOD-Omaha]; moⁿ-ze ska (móⁿ-çe-çka) - white metal, money [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-ze ska(mą́zeska) - money, coin, silver, literally white metal [CQ-Osage]; maⁿ-ze ska (máⁿzeska) - money, esp. silver money [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: we-ga-sta (wé-ga-çta) - a hammer, “with which to pound” [FL-Osage]; ga-sta (ga-çtá) - to beat or hammer metal [FL-Osage]; ka-shta (kaaštá) - hammer, hit or beat, flatten by striking [CQ-Osage]; ga-sta (gastá) - hammer flat, beat until flat and long, as when hammering metal or other malleable material [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: wa-noⁿ-p’iⁿ (wanóⁿp’iⁿ) - necklace, man’s necklace; something worn around a man’s neck [Omaha/Ponca]; wa-noⁿ-p’iⁿ (wanoⁿp’iⁿ) - choker, necklace, necktie [Omaha]; wa-noⁿ-ʰp’iⁿ (wa-noⁿ-p̣’iⁿ) - necklace, these were made of shells, nuts of trees, elk teeth, pendants were made of mussel shells also, this is also applied to the symbolic neck ornament, gorget [FL-Osage]; wa-noⁿ-p’iⁿ (wanǫ́pʔį) - necklace, gorget, choker, medallion, medal, something worn around the neck [CQ-Osage]; wa-naⁿ-p’iⁿ (wanáⁿp’iⁿ) - necklace, a general word used for all ornaments [Kaw]

 

silver crescent bracelets

► wa-di-ski-ta maⁿ-ze shto-zha (wádiskittá mązé štóža) - silver cresent bracelets [JOD]

► cf. wa-di-shki-ta (wadiškítta) - armband; ma-ze (máze) - iron, metal; shto-zha (štóža) - crescents [JOD]

► ex: e-ti maⁿ-ze-ska a-kaⁿ-ta i-niⁿ-ha wa-di-ski-ta maⁿ-ze shto-zha o-ki-ba-taⁿ e-ti-zhi pa naⁿ (ettí mązéska ákątta inįhá wádiskittá mązé štóža okkíbattą ettíži ppa ną) - sliver armlets and silver crescent bracelets, they put them on in rows, one after another [JOD]

► Dhegiha: shto-zha (shtó-zha) - crooked; wry [FL-Osage]

 

silver, breastpins of german silver

► i-ka-she-knaⁿ (íkašekną́) - breastpins of German silver [JOD]

► i-ka-she-knaⁿ (i kus a ga nŭ) - brooch, from Mrs. Clabber [MH]

► i-ka-she-knaⁿ (íkašegna) - button [ASG]

► i-ka-she-knaⁿ (íkašékną) - a button, to button ► i-ka-she-a-knaⁿ (íkašeákną) - I, i-ka-she-da-knaⁿ (íkašedákną) - you

► ex: i-ka-she-knaⁿ o-ki-pa-taⁿ-taⁿ (íkašekną́ okípatą́tą) - breastpins/buttons one after another/several in a row [JOD]

 

silver, money, a dollar

► ma-ze-ska (mazéska) - silver, money, a dollar

► ma-ze-ska (mázeska) - money [MS, AG, OM]

► ma-ze-ska (moseska) - money, silver (argent) [GI]

► cf. ma-ze (máze) - iron, metal; ska (ska) - white

► ex: ma-ze-ska miⁿ-xti (mázeska mį́xti) - dollar, one dollar [MS, OM]

► ex: ma-ze-ska o-she a-niⁿ niⁿ (mazéska óše anį́ nį) - rich people (they have a lot of money) [MS]

► ex: mi-aⁿ-ba mi-xti-naⁿ ma-ze-ska kde-bnaⁿ taⁿ naⁿ-pa a-kniⁿ aⁿ-naⁿ-ki-da (mią́ba míxtiną mazéska kdébnąttą́ nąpá aknį́ ąną́kidá) - he paid me twelve dollars a month

► ex: ma-ze-ska ka-sta wa-naⁿ-’iⁿ (mazéska kásta waną́ʔį) - silver breast ornament (gorget), from Harrison Quapaw [MH]

► Dhegiha: moⁿ-ze ska (moⁿçeçka) - money, silver, currency [Omaha]; maⁿ-ze ska (máⁿzĕskă) - money [JOD-Omaha]; moⁿ-ze ska (móⁿ-çe-çka) - white metal, money [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-ze ska(mą́zeska) - money, coin, silver, literally white metal [CQ-Osage]; maⁿ-ze ska (máⁿzeska) - money, esp. silver money [Kaw]

 

similar, alike

► koⁿ-ze e-koⁿ (kkǫ́ze ékǫ), koⁿ-ze e-kaⁿ (kkǫ́ze eką), koⁿ-ze a-kaⁿ (kkǫ́ze áką) - similar, alike

► cf. kaⁿ-ze (kką́ze), koⁿ-ze (kkǫ́ze) - equal in; e-kaⁿ (eką́), e-koⁿ (ekǫ́), a-kaⁿ (áką) - like, as, so; like, thus, like that, so

► ex: koⁿ-ze e-koⁿ a-zhi (kkǫ́ze ékǫ áži) - copy, write over again

► ex: koⁿ-ze e-kaⁿ-kʰi-de (kkǫ́ze ékąkʰíde) koⁿ-ze a-kaⁿ-kʰi-de (kkǫ́ze ákąkʰíde) - treat the same, get even with

► Dhegiha: goⁿ-ze-goⁿ (goⁿ-çé-goⁿ) - alike in appearance, similar, uniform [FL-Osage]; koⁿ-ze-koⁿ (kǫzékǫ) - be the same as or like another, like, similar to or identical to [CQ-Osage]; go-ze e-go (góze égo) - alike, resembling something [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: goⁿ-ze ʰki-goⁿ (goⁿ-çé ḳi-goⁿ) - alike, resembling [FL-Osage]; koⁿ-ze-ʰki-ʰkoⁿ (kǫzéʰkiʰkǫ) - similar to or like each other, resembling each other [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: i-goⁿ-za (ígoⁿça) - copy [Omaha]

 

► kaⁿ-ze (kką́ze), koⁿ-ze (kkǫ́ze) - equal in

► ex: kaⁿ-ze a-na (kką́ze ána) - quantity, number, equal in

► ex: kaⁿ-ze a-na-ska (kką́ze ánaska) - size, of equal

► ex: kaⁿ-ze a-tʰaⁿ (kką́ze átʰą) - length, of equal

► ex: kaⁿ-ze a-tʰaⁿ-ha (kką́ze átʰąha) - depth, equal or like

► ex: kaⁿ-ze a-tʰaⁿ-ka (kką́ze atʰąkká) - height, of equal

► ex: koⁿ-ze e-koⁿ (kkǫ́ze ékǫ), koⁿ-ze e-kaⁿ (kkǫ́ze eką), koⁿ-ze a-kaⁿ (kkǫ́ze áką) - similar, alike

► ex: e-ta-ki-kaⁿ-za (ettákkikką́za) - opposite, even with, parallel

► Dhegiha: goⁿ-ze-goⁿ (goⁿ-çé-goⁿ) - alike in appearance, similar, uniform [FL-Osage]; koⁿ-ze-koⁿ (kǫzékǫ) - be the same as or like another, like, similar to or identical to [CQ-Osage]; go-ze e-go (góze égo) - alike, resembling something [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: goⁿ-ze ʰki-goⁿ (goⁿ-çé ḳi-goⁿ) - alike, resembling [FL-Osage]; koⁿ-ze-ʰki-ʰkoⁿ (kǫzéʰkiʰkǫ) - similar to or like each other, resembling each other [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: i-goⁿ-za (ígoⁿça) - copy [Omaha]

 

sin, to do wrong, injure

► e-kaⁿ-zhi wa-’oⁿ (eką́ži waʔǫ́) - to do wrong, injure, sin ► e-kaⁿ-zhi wa-moⁿ (eką́ži wamǫ́) - I, e-kaⁿ-zhi wa-zhoⁿ (eką́ži wažǫ́) - you, e-kaⁿ-zhi oⁿ-maⁿ-we (eką́ži ǫmą́we) - we

► cf. e-kaⁿ (eką́), e-koⁿ (ekǫ́) - like, thus, like that, so; zhi (ži) - not, negation; ’oⁿ (ʔǫ), ’aⁿ (ʔą) - do, be, use, have (as a disease); e-koⁿ-zhi ka-xe (ekǫ́ži káγe), e-kaⁿ-zhi ka-xe (eką́ži káγe) - wrong, do accidentally, err

► Dhegiha: e-goⁿ a-zhi (egoⁿazhi) - wrong, illegal, inaccurate, incorrect, false [Omaha]; e-goⁿ-zhi (e-goⁿ-zhi) - like-not [FL-Osage]; e-koⁿ-zhi (ékǫži) - not be like this or that, be not thus, be otherwise, unseemly, inappropriate, not right, unsuitable, unfitting, ill-advised, wrong [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: wa-oⁿ (waǫ́) - do stuff, do things [CQ-Osage]

 

since, as

► koⁿ (kǫ), kaⁿ (ką) - as, since

► ex: iⁿ-kaⁿ-e! t’e-a-de kaⁿ she-he (įkką́-e! tʔeádé ką́ še ihé) - O my grandmother! I said that because I killed him [JOD]

 

sinew, string, line; root of a plant

► koⁿ (kkǫ), kaⁿ (kką) - root of a plant; sinew, string, line

► ex: hoⁿ-be-koⁿ (hǫbékkǫ) - shoelaces, moccasin strings

► ex: ma-kaⁿ (makką́) - medicine

► ex: maⁿ-te kaⁿ (mąté-kką) - canoe string/rope [JOD]

► ex: maⁿ-te kaⁿ niⁿ-kʰe a-ba-xe (mątté-kką nįkʰe ábaγé) - I cut the canoe string (with the hatchet) [JOD]

► ex: maⁿ-te kaⁿ-de (mąté-kkąde) - canoe string/rope [JOD];

► ex: maⁿ-te kaⁿ-de ka-ba-xe i-ya-we, iⁿ-spe zhi-ka e i-oⁿ ka-ba-xe i-ya-we (mątté-kkąde kabáγe iyáwe, į́spe žiká é iǫ́ kabáγe iyáwe) - she chopped the canoe string/rope in two, they say, using the hatchet she chopped the string/rope in two, they say [JOD]

► ex: maⁿ-te-kaⁿ (mą́ttekką́) - bow string

► ex: ta-kaⁿ (ttakką́) - thread, deer’s sinew

► ex: wa-hi ko-ke kaⁿ (wahí kkóke kką́) - fishing line

► ex: wa-pa-iⁿ kaⁿ (wappaį́ kką) - vein, artery

► ex: zhaⁿ-kaⁿ (žą́kką) - root

► Dhegiha: kaⁿ (k͓aⁿ) - a root; sinew; muscle; a vein or artery; something used for tying [JOD-Omaha]; koⁿ (koⁿ) - blood vessel; neins [Omaha]; ʰkoⁿ (ḳoⁿ) - roots of trees or plants; a vein, or blood vessel [FL-Osage]; ʰkaⁿ (ʰką́), ʰkoⁿ (ʰkǫ́) - vein, artery, blood vessel [CQ-Osage]; kaⁿ (kaⁿ) - vein or artery, root [Kaw]

 

► ta kaⁿ (ttakką́) - deer’s sinew, thread

► cf. ta (tta) - deer; koⁿ (kkǫ), kaⁿ (kką) - sinew, string, line; root of a plant

► Dhegiha: ta-koⁿ (takóⁿ) - sinew, sinew taken from the backs of deer and buffalo and used for thread, bows, etc. [Omaha/Ponca]; ʰta-ʰkoⁿ (ṭa-ḳóⁿ) - sinew, the sinew made from deerskin was used for sewing [FL-Osage]; ta-kaⁿ (tákáⁿ) - deer sinew used for sewing [Kaw]

 

sing (not dancing songs)

► wa-naⁿ (waną́) - sing (not dancing songs) ► a-wa-naⁿ (awáną) - I, wa-da-naⁿ (wadáną) - you

► ex: ma-shtiⁿ-ke niⁿ e-wa-naⁿ niⁿ (maštį́ke nį éwaną nį) - the rabbit was singing it (the aforementioned) as he was moving along [JOD]

► Dhegiha: wa-’oⁿ (waoⁿ) - sing, song, choir, music, hum, hymn [Omaha]; wa-’aⁿ (wa’áⁿ) - sing, song [JOD-Omaha]; wa-thoⁿ (wa-thóⁿ) - to sing; a song [FL-Osage]; wa-thoⁿ (waaðǫ́) - sing, song [CQ-Osage]; wa-yoⁿ (wayóⁿ), wa-’oⁿ (wa’óⁿ) - sing; song [Kaw]

 

sing dancing songs

► xo-ka (xókka) - sing dancing songs ► a-xo-ka (axókka) - I, da-xo-ka (daxókka) - you

► xo-ka (hŭk-kah) - sing (chanter) [GI]

► cf. i-ni-da-he xo-ka (ínidáhe xókka) - sing dancing songs

► ex: a-wa-xo-ka (awáxokká) - I sing to them [JOD]

► ex: xo-ka (xókka) - he sang [JOD]

► ex: xo-ka niⁿ (xókka nį) - he is/was singing [JOD]

► ex: si-ka taⁿ-ka ma-xi-ka-zhi wa-xo-ka niⁿ-kʰe (síkka ttą́ka máxikáži waxókka nįkʰe) - the wild turkey was singing [JOD]

► Dhegiha: xu-ka (qúka) - to sing when others dance, to sing a dancing song [Omaha/Ponca]; xo-ʰka (xóʰka) - sing dancing songs, singers and drummers, all singers of dancing songs [CQ-Osage]

 

sing dancing songs slowly

► i-ni-da-he xo-ka (ínidáhe xókka) - sing dancing songs slowly ► i-ni-da-he a-xo-ka (ínidáhe axókka) - I, i-ni-da-he da-xo-ka (ínidáhe daxókka) - you

► cf. xo-ka (xókka) - sing dancing songs

► Dhegiha: xu-ka (qúka) - to sing when others dance, to sing a dancing song [Omaha/Ponca]; xo-ʰka (xóʰka) - sing dancing songs, singers and drummers, all singers of dancing songs [CQ-Osage]

 

singing, hold a note singing

► da-ste-te (dastétte) - hold a note singing ► bda-ste-te (bdástette) - I, ta-ste-te (ttástette) - you

► cf. da (da) - by mouth; ste-te (stétte) - tall, long

 

single, a, one

► miⁿ (mį) - one, a, indefinite article

► cf. miⁿ-xti (mį́xti), mi-a-xti (míaxti) - one

► ex: te miⁿ shiⁿ hi (tté mį́ šį hí) - buffalo/one/fat/very [JOD]

► ex: te miⁿ shiⁿ hi t’e-de naⁿ i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (tté mį́ šį hí tʔéde-ną iyá maštį́ke) - Rabbit killed a very fat buffalo, it is said [JOD]

► ex: iⁿ-tʰaⁿ ha pa-hi o-knaⁿ mi (įtʰą́ ha ppáhi ókną mí) - owl-skin/head-covering/one [JOD]

► ex: e-shoⁿ iⁿ-tʰaⁿ ha pa-hi o-knaⁿ mi ki-ka-xe naⁿ, i-ya (ešǫ́ įtʰą́ ha ppáhi ókną mí kíkaγé ną, iyá) - and then he made an owl skin headdress for him, it is said [JOD]

► ex: di-xa-zhi miⁿ (dixáži mį) - hill/one [JOD]

► ex: di-xa-zhi miⁿ e-ti-kʰe dé (dixáži mį ettí-kʰe dé) - a Hill is truly there [JOD]

► ex: di-xa-zhi wa-da-xo-we miⁿ (dixáži wadáxowe mį) - hill/drew people into its mouth/one [JOD]

► ex: di-xa-zhi wa-da-xo-we miⁿ e-ti-kʰe naⁿ, i-ya (dixáži wadáxowe mį ettí-kʰe ną, iyá) - there was a Hill that drew things (people) into its mouth, it is said [JOD]

► ex: ta miⁿ (tta mį) - deer/one [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ-tʰaⁿ-hi, ta miⁿ naⁿ-zhi-we, i-ya (hǫ́tʰąhi, tta mį nąžíwe, iyá) - after a while, he (Rabbit) flushed out a deer, it is said [JOD]

► ex: “ho-hoo! wi-te-ke, ta miⁿ she-do i-hi! ki-ta!” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“hohoó! wítteke, tta mį šédo ihí! kkitta!” iyí iyá maštį́ke) - “Oho! My mother’s brother, there is a deer approaching over there! Shoot it!” it is said Rabbit said [JOD]

► ex: ta-ska miⁿ (ttaská mį́) - rocky mountain sheep/one [JOD]

► ex: ta-ska miⁿ i-de naⁿ t’e-de, i-ya (ttaská mį́ íde ną́ tʔé-de, iyá) - when he found a Rocky Mountain sheep, he killed it, it is said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: wiⁿ (wiⁿ) - one [Omaha/Ponca]; wiⁿ (wiⁿ) - one, single [FL-Osage]; wiⁿ (wį) - a, an, one, single, any one, one of a group [CQ-Osage]; miⁿ (miⁿ) - one, a, an; indefinite article [Kaw]

 

▸ miⁿ-xti (mį́xti), mi-a-xti (míaxti) - one

▸ miⁿ-xti (mį́xti) - one [MS, MR, FR, AG, OM]

► cf. miⁿ (mį) - one, a, indefinite article; xti (xti) - very, real, fully

► Dhegiha: wiⁿ-a-xchi (wiⁿáqchi) - exactly one; just one [Omaha/Ponca]; wiⁿ-xtsi (wiⁿ́-xtsi) - one of a kind, a single piece [FL-Osage]; wiⁿ-xtsi (wį́xci) - one, a, an [CQ-Osage]; miⁿ-xtsi (míⁿxci) - one, just one [Kaw]

 

single, every single one

► za-ni xti (zaní xti) - all, all of the

► cf. za-ni (zaní) - all, all of the; xti (xti) - very, real, fully

► ex: e-toⁿ ma-shtiⁿ-ke, ni-ka-shi-ka o-do-wa-ki e-kaⁿ, za-ni-xti t’e-wa-de koⁿ-da naⁿ, i-ya (ettǫ́ maštį́ke, níkkašíka odówaki eką́, zaní-xti tʔéwade kǫ́da ną, iyá) - therefore rabbit, who sided with the Indians, wanted to kill all of the black bears, it is said [JOD]

► ex: za-ni-xti t’e-a-wa-da-we i-da-hoⁿ-bde (zaní-xti tʔeáwadawé idáhǫbde) - I dreamed that they killed us all, every single one of us [JOD]

► Dhegiha: za-ni (zaní) - all [Omaha/Ponca]; za-ni (ça-ní) - all, everything, everybody [FL-Osage]; za-ni (záani) - whole, all, everyone, everybody [CQ-Osage]; za-niⁿ (zaníⁿ) - all everybody or everything [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: xti (qti), xchi (qchi) - very, really, real [Omaha/Ponca]; xti (xti) - very, really, real [Omaha]; xtsi (xtsi) - verily, very [FL-Osage]; xtsi (xci) - real, really, exactly, very, fully, indeed, precisely [CQ-Osage]; xtsi (xcí) - real, very [Kaw]

 

► za-ni hi (zaníhi) - every single one

► cf. za-ni (zaní) - all, all of the; hi (hi) - very

► ex: za-ni hi (zaní hi) - all/very [JOD]

► ex: ni-ka-shi-ka za-ni hi a-shi-ti kda-naⁿ-we, i-ya (níkkašika zaní hi ášitti kdá-ną-we, iyá) - all of the people went out (from the Hill) and started for home, it is said [JOD]

► ex: kda-we-naⁿ ni-ka-shi-ka za-ni hi ki-sto-naⁿ, i-ya (kdáwe-ną níkkašika zaní hi kistó-ną, iyá) - as they started homeward, all of the people assembled, it is said [JOD]

► ex: wa-sa ke za-ni hi t’e-aⁿ-wa-de ta-i (wasá ke zaní hi tʔeą́wade taí) - let’s kill all the black bears [JOD]

► ex: za-ni hi o-kda-x’a-x’a-we i-ya ni-ka-shi-ka ke (zaní hi okdáxʔaxʔáwe iyá níkkašíka ke) - all of the people gave the scalp yell, it is said [JOD]

► ex: wa-sa-pa za-ni hi t’e-wa-de, i-ya (wasá apa zaní hi tʔéwade, iyá) - all of the black bears were killed, it is said [JOD]

► ex: wa-sa za-ni hi a-shi-ti hi-we, i-ya (wasá zaní hi ášitti híwe, iyá) - all of the black bears came outside of their lodges, it is said [JOD]

► ex: haⁿ bdo-ka za-ni hi o-wa-ki-da (hą bdoká zaní hi ówakidá) - all night long, he told it to everyone [JOD]

► Dhegiha: za-ni (zaní) - all [Omaha/Ponca]; za-ni (ça-ní) - all, everything, everybody [FL-Osage]; za-ni (záani) - whole, all, everyone, everybody [CQ-Osage]; za-niⁿ (zaníⁿ) - all everybody or everything [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: hiu (hiu) - several; many; more than one or two [FL-Osage]; hu (húu) - many, lots (of), large amount (of) [CQ-Osage]; hu (hu) - many, much, a lot, a great many [Kaw]

 

sink

► spe (spe) - sink

► ex: iⁿ ni-ti spe (į nitti spe) - a stone sinks in water

 

► o-spe (ospé) - sink

► ex: o-spe (ospé) - it sank (= it sank and lay) [JOD]

► ex: o-da-kdo tʰaⁿ o-spe kʰe (odákdo tʰą́ ospé kʰe) - gnawed holes in it and it sank [JOD]

► Dhegiha: u-spe (uspe) - sink; lowland; ravine; anything dented [Omaha]; u-ga-spe (úgaspe) - to make them (animate objects) sink by hitting them [Omaha/Ponca]; u-ga-spe (ugáspe) - to put a stone, or weight on any object floating upon water in a vestel, making it sink; to indent, as thin metal, by hitting [Omaha/Ponca]; a-ga-spe (ágaspe) - a weight or sinker [Omaha/Ponca]

 

Sioux

► su (su) - Kwapa name for the Dakota Indians, formed from “Sioux” [JOD]

► su (sú) - Sioux Indian [ASG]

► su-a-we (súawe) - plural Sioux Indian [ASG]

► Dhegiha: shauⁿ (shauⁿ) - Sioux Tribe [Omaha]; sha-haⁿ (shaháⁿ) - Dakota, Dakota tribe or people; Sioux, these form a group which is related to the Dhegiha as well as to the Chiwere. See Paⁿka (Ponca) and Paxoje (Ioway), the term, “Sioux” includes the Lakota, also called Teton Sioux [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ʰpa-ba-wa-xoⁿ (p̣á-ba-wa-xoⁿ) - Sioux Indian, the Osage name for the Sioux Tribe of Indians, it means Head-Cutters [FL-Osage]; ʰpa-pa-xoⁿ (ʰpápaxǫ) - Sioux tribe or tribal member, cutthroats, lit., “nose cutter”, “head cutter”, nose cutter, personal name for a second son [CQ-Osage]

 

► zho-zhi-te wa-hoⁿ-ka-zhi (žožítte wáhǫkáži) - Sioux Indian (wild, bad Indian) [ASG]

► cf. zho-zhi-te (žožítte) - Indian (recent term); wa-hoⁿ-ka-zhi (wáhǫkáži) - wild, crazy, ill behaved

 

sister-in-law, a man’s sister-in-law

► i-haⁿ-ka (ihą́ka), i-ho-ka (ihǫ́ka), e-haⁿ-ka (ehą́ka), e-hoⁿ-ka (ehǫ́ka) - a man’s sister-in-law ► wi-haⁿ-ka (wihą́ka) - my, di-haⁿ-ka (dihą́ka) - your

► Dhegiha: i-hoⁿ-ga (í-hoⁿ-ga) - sister-in-law [FL-Osage]; i-haⁿ-ka (ihą́ka) - his brother’s wife or his wife’s sister, more precise than English “his sister-in-law” [CQ-Osage]; i-hoⁿ-ga (ihóⁿga) - sister-in-law, man’s wife’s sister, therefore his potential wife [Kaw]

 

► wi-haⁿ-ka (wihą́ka) - my sister-in-law, a man’s sister-in-law

► Dhegiha: wi-haⁿ-ke (wihą́ka) - my wife’s sister, my brother’s wife, used only when speaker is male, more precise than English “my sister-in-law” [CQ-Osage]; wi-hoⁿ-ga (wihóⁿga) - my sister-in-law, my wife’s sister [Kaw]

 

► di-haⁿ-ka (dihą́ka) - your sister-in-law, a man’s sister-in-law

► Dhegiha: thi-haⁿ-ga (¢ihañga) - your wife’s sister [JOD-Omaha]; thi-haⁿ-ka (ðihą́ka) - your sister-in-law, used only when speaking to a man, referring to his brother’s wife or his wife’s sister [CQ-Osage]; yi-hoⁿ-ga (yihóⁿga) - your sister-in-law, your wife’s sister [Kaw]

 

► i-haⁿ-ka-de (ihą́kade), e-haⁿ-ka-de (ehą́kade) - to have as a sister-in-law ► i-haⁿ-ka-a-de (ihą́kaade) - I, i-haⁿ-ka-da-de (ihą́kadade) - you

► Dhegiha: i-hoⁿ-ga-ye (ihóⁿgaye) - to have for a sister-in- law, to call someone i-hoⁿ-ga (ihóⁿga) [Kaw]

 

sister-in-law, a woman’s sister-in-law

► i-shi-kʰaⁿ (išíkʰą), e-shi-kaⁿ (ešíKą) - a woman’s sister-in-law ► wi-shi-kʰaⁿ (wišíkʰą) - my, di-shi-kaⁿ (dišíkʰą) - your

► Dhegiha: i-shi-koⁿ (ishíkoⁿ) - sister-in-law, her sister-in-law, her husband’s sister ot hr brother’s wife [Omaha/Ponca]; i-shi-kaⁿ (icíkaⁿ) - her sister-in-law [JOD-Omaha]; i-shi-ʰkoⁿ (i-shí-ḳoⁿ) - a woman’s sister-in-law, her brother’s wife or her husband’s sister [FL-Osage]; i-shi-kxaⁿ (išíkxą) - her husband’s sister, her husband’s brother’s wife, her brother’s wife, more precise than English “her sister-in-law [CQ-Osage]; shi-kxaⁿ (šíkxą) - her brother’s wife, her husband’s sister, her husband’s brother’s wife, more precise than English “her sister-in-law” [CQ-Osage]; i-shi-kʰaⁿ (ishíkhaⁿ) - woman’s sister-in-law, woman’s husband’s sister [Kaw]

 

► wi-shi-kʰaⁿ (wišíkʰą) - my sister-in-law, a woman’s sister-in-law

► Dhegiha: wi-si-kxa (wi-sí-kxą) - my sister-in-law, used only when speaker is female [CQ-Osage]; shi-kxaⁿ (šíkxą) - my brother’s wife, my husband’s sister, my usband’s brother’s wife, more precise than English “my sister-in-law” [CQ-Osage]

 

► di-shi-kaⁿ (dišíkʰą) - your sister-in-law, a woman’s sister-in-law

► Dhegiha: thi-shi-kaⁿ (¢icíkaⁿ) - your sister-in-law [JOD-Omaha]; thi-shi-kxaⁿ (ðišíkxą) - your sister-in-law, used when speaking to a woman about her brother’s wife, her husband’s sister, or her husband’s brother’s wife [CQ-Osage]; thi-si-kxaⁿ (ðisíkxą) - your sister-in-law, probably used only when speaking to a woman about her sister-in-law [CQ-Osage]; shi-kxaⁿ thi-ʰta (šíkxą ðíʰta) - your brother’s wife, your husband’s sister, your husband;s brother’s wife, used when addressee is female, more precise than “your sister-in-law” [CQ-Osage]

 

► i-shi-kʰaⁿ-de (išíkʰąde) - she to have as sister-in-law ► i-shi-kʰaⁿ-a-de (išíkʰąadé) - I, i-shi-kʰaⁿ-da-de (išíkʰądadé) - you

► Dhegiha: i-shi-kaⁿ-the (i-cí-k͓aⁿ-ðĕ) - to have another female for her i-shi-kaⁿ (icik͓aⁿ) [ JOD-Omaha]; i-shi-kʰaⁿ-ye (ishíkhaⁿye) - woman to call someone sister-in-law; woman to have someone as a sister-in-law [Kaw]

 

sister, a man’s elder sister

► i-taⁿ-ke (ittą́ke), i-toⁿ-ke (ittǫ́ke), e-taⁿ-ke (ettą́ke) - a man’s elder sister ► wi-taⁿ-ke (wittą́ke) - my, di-taⁿ-ke (dittą́ke) - your

► i-taⁿ-ke (ittą́ke), i-toⁿ-ke (ittǫ́ke) - sister [OM]

► cf. i-taⁿ-ke-de (ittą́kede) - sister, to have as an elder

► ex: wi-taⁿ-ke (wittą́ke) - my older sister [MS, MR, AB, AG, OM]

► Dhegiha: i-toⁿ-ge (itóⁿge) - his sister; her younger sister [Omaha/Ponca]; i-ʰtoⁿ-ge (í-ṭóⁿ-ge) - sister, his elder sister [FL-Osage]; i-ʰtaⁿ-ke (iʰtą́ke) - his/her older sister, i.e., the oldest among a group of sisters; not necessarily older than the person referred to by “his” or “her” [CQ-Osage]; i-taⁿ-ge (itáⁿge) - man’s or woman’s younger sister [Kaw]

 

► wi-taⁿ-ke (wittą́ke) - my older sister

► wi-taⁿ-ke (wittą́ke) - my older sister [MS, MR, AB, AG, OM]

► Dhegiha: wi-taⁿ-ge (wiʇañ′ge) - my sister [JOD-Omaha]; wi-ʰtaⁿ-ke (wiʰtą́ke) - my older sister, used when speaker is male or female, my sister, loosely used mutually among unrelated younger and older female speakers to show respect, my wife, lit., "my sister", used to refer to speaker's wife when they have no children and possibly to address her [CQ-Osage]; wi-taⁿ-ge (witáⁿge) - my younger sister [Kaw]

 

► di-taⁿ-ke (dittą́ke) - your older sister

► Dhegiha: thi-toⁿ-ge ¢it͓añge) - your sister [JOD-Omaha]; thi-ʰtoⁿ-ge (thi-ṭóⁿ-ge) - your sister [FL-Osage]; thi-taⁿ-ke (ðiʰtą́ke) - your older sister, used by anyone speaking to a man or a woman, referring both to a sister older than the addressee and to the oldest of the addressee’s sisters, who may not be older than the addressee [CQ-Osage]; yi-taⁿ-ge (yitáⁿge) - your younger sister [Kaw]

 

sister, a woman’s elder sister

► i-zhoⁿ-de (ižǫ́de), e-zhoⁿ-de (ežǫ́de) - woman’s elder sister ► wi-zhoⁿ-de (wižǫ́de) - my, di-zhoⁿ-de (dižǫ́de) - your

► Dhegiha: i-zhoⁿ-the (izhóⁿthe) - her elder sister, including her father’s brother’s daughter, and her mother’s sister’s daughter, if older than herself [Omaha/Ponca]; i-zhoⁿ-the (i-zhóⁿ-the) - her elder sister [FL-Osage]; i-zhoⁿ-aⁿ (ižǫ́ą) - her elder sister, more precise than English “her sister” [CQ-Osage]; i-zho-we (izhówe) - man or woman's elder sister [Kaw]

 

► wi-zhoⁿ-de (wižǫ́de) - my elder sister (woman speaking)

► ex: wi-zhoⁿ-de wi-ti-to i-niⁿ-ha, shi-zhi-ka e-ta-we e-naⁿ-hi o-shte ke, wi-e naⁿ-hi naⁿ-haⁿ e-ti miⁿ-kʰe (wižǫ́de wittítto inįhá, šižíka ettáwe enąhí ošté ke, wíe nąhí nąhą́ ettí mįkʰé) - my elder sister and elder brother, their children are all that is left, I am the eldest [JOD]

► Dhegiha: wi-zhoⁿ-the (wijáⁿ¢ĕ) - my elder sister [Omaha/Ponca]; wi-zhoⁿ-aⁿ (wižǫ́ą) - my elder sister, older than the speaker, used only when speaker is female [CQ-Osage]; wi-zho-we (wizhówe) - my elder sister [Kaw]; wi-zho-we a (wízhowe á) elder sister! (female speaking - address form) [Kaw]

 

► di-zhoⁿ-de (dižǫ́de) - your elder sister (speaking to a woman)

► Dhegiha: thi-zhoⁿ-the (thijáⁿ¢ĕ) - your elder sister [Omaha/Ponca]; thi-zhoⁿ-aⁿ (ðižǫ́ą) - your older sister, used only when speaking to a woman [CQ-Osage]; yi-zho-we (yizhówe) - your elder sister [Kaw]

 

► i-zhoⁿ-de-de (ižǫ́dede), e-zhoⁿ-de-de (ežǫ́dede) - to have someone as elder sister ► i-zhoⁿ-de-a-de (ižǫ́deade) - I, i-zhoⁿ-de-da-de (ižǫ́dedade) - you

► Dhegiha: i-zho-we-ye (izhóweye) - have another woman as an elder sister [Kaw]

 

sister, younger sister

► wi-he (wihé) - younger sister [JOD]

► wi-he (wihé), wi-he zhi-ka (wíhe žíka) - daughter, third born

► ex: ki-we, wi-he (kiwé, wihé) - come back younger sister [JOD]

► ex: “ha-u, ka-ni-ke, wi-he,” i-ye (“hau, kaniké, wihé,” iyé) - well, thanks younger sister, he said [JOD]

► ex: tʰi-we, tʰi-we, wi-he,” i-ye naⁿ, a-na-x’oⁿ-zhi hi kde, i-ya-we (“tʰiwé, tʰiwé, wihé,” iyé ną, ánaxʔǫži hí kdé, iyáwe) - “come! come! younger sister,” he said, she was not listening to (ignoring) him as she headed home, they say [JOD]

► Dhegiha: wi-he (wihé) - younger sister [Omaha]; wi-he (wi-hé) - special kinship term , the name by which the second daughter is called [FL-Osage]; wi-he (wihé) - second daughter [CQ-Osage]; wi-he (wihé) - second born daughter [Kaw]

 

sit close together

► a-da-ska kniⁿ (ádaska knį́) - sit close together ► a-bda-ska a-kniⁿ (ábdaska aknį́) - I, a-ta-ska da-kniⁿ (áttaska daknį́) - you

► cf. a-da-ska (ádaska) - stick, adhere, as pitch, mud or snow; kniⁿ (knį), kdiⁿ (kdį) - sit, be sitting, be in a place, camp; a-da-ska i-naⁿ-de (ádaska iną́de) - place something, e.g. paper, in order to make it stick

► ex: a-wi-bda-ska a-kniⁿ (áwibdaska áknį́) - I sit close to you

► ex: aⁿ-ta-ska da-kniⁿ (ą́ttaska daknį́) - you sit close to me

► ex: a-di-da-ska kniⁿ (ádidaska knį́) - he sits close to you

► Dhegiha: a-tha-ska-be (áthaskabe) - to stick to, to adhere to, as mucilage, (said of one object) [Omaha/Ponca]; a-tha-ska-be-the (áthaskábethe) - to cause to adhere; to seal [Omaha/Ponca]; we-a-tha-ska-ba-the (weatha çka bathe) - paste; glue; adhesive tape [Omaha]

 

sit facing one another

► a-ki-naⁿ-saⁿ kniⁿ (ákkiną́są knį) - sit facing one another, like children with the feet of one passing a little the feet of the opposite child

► cf. naⁿ-sa-ta (nąsátta) - stretch one’s legs, straighten; kniⁿ (knį), kdiⁿ (kdį) - sit, be sitting, be in a place, camp

 

sit in council

► ki-sto kniⁿ (kistó knį) - to sit in council

► cf. ki-sto (kistó) - council of a gens (clans), assemble, gather; kniⁿ (knį), kdiⁿ (kdį) - sit, be sitting, be in a place, camp

► Dhegiha: ʰki-sto (ḳi-çtó), ʰki-stu (ḳi-çtú) - a council, an assemblage, a meeting, United States Congress, the Senate, a court, a session [FL-Osage]; ʰki-sto (ʰkiistó) - council meeting, tribal council season meeting, conference [CQ-Osage]; ki-sto (kiistó) - assemble as for a council, gather for a council, meet and talk things over [CQ-Osage]; ki-sto (kisto) - council [Kaw]; gi-sto (gistó) - assemble, as people do, gather [Kaw]

 

sit in one’s own

► o-ki-kniⁿ (okiknį) - to sit in one’s own [JOD]

► cf. kniⁿ (knį), kdiⁿ (kdį) - sit, be sitting, be in a place, camp; o-kniⁿ (oknį́) - sit in, dwell in, live in; ki-kniⁿ (kíknį) - sit with reference to another; o-ki-kniⁿ (okkíknį) - sit together, with one another; o-hi-kniⁿ (ohíknį) - to get into and sit, to come to and sit in, to reach/arrive and sit in [JOD]; o-ti-kdiⁿ (óttikdį) - village; a-kniⁿ (aknį́) - sit on; a-kniⁿ (áknį) - chair, seat; a-hi-kniⁿ (áhiknį́) - to get on and sit, to come to and sit upon, to reach/arrive and sit on [JOD]; a-ki-kniⁿ (akíknį) - to sit on one’s own [JOD]; a-kʰi-kniⁿ (akʰíknį) - return home there and stay

► ex: o-a-ki-kniⁿ (oákiknį) - I sat in my own [JOD]

► ex: maⁿ-te o-a-ki-kniⁿ (mątté oákiknį) - I sat in my own canoe [JOD]

► ex: maⁿ-te o-a-ki-kniⁿ, ni ka-haⁿ a-kʰi taⁿ, kʰi o-do-tʰe niⁿ (mątté oákiknį, ni káhą akʰí tą, kʰí odotʰé nį) - I sat in my canoe, when I reached far out in the stream, the man eater reached (the shore) again [JOD]

► Dhegiha: u-gi-gthiⁿ (u-gí-g¢iⁿ) - to sit in his own house; to dwell in his own land [JOD-Omaha]; u-gi-gthiⁿ (u-gí-gthiⁿ) - to sit in one’s own house or yard [FL-Osage]

 

sit in, dwell in, live in

► o-kniⁿ (oknį́) - sit in, dwell in, live in ► o-a-kniⁿ (oáknį) - I, o-da-kniⁿ (odáknį) - you

► cf. o (o) - locative, place at which, at a place, culmination of a certain action or state, wherein a certain thing takes place, in, inside, into; kniⁿ (knį), kdiⁿ (kdį) - sit, be in a place, camp, sit, be sitting; o-hi-kniⁿ (ohíknį) - to get into and sit [JOD]; o-ti-kdiⁿ (óttikdį) - village; o-ki-kniⁿ (okkíknį) - sit together, with one another; a-kniⁿ (aknį́) - sit on; kniⁿ-ye (knį́ye) - to have sat, to have dwelt

► ex: wa-jhi-ni a-ki-sho-ka ma-zhaⁿ-ti o-kniⁿ wi-ke (waǰíni ákkišoka mažą́tti oknį́ wiké) - the Americans are very plentiful, lit. “plural are sitting”

► ex: ti xe-tʰe-ti ma-ni-ka di-ko-ko a-taⁿ e-ti o-kniⁿ naⁿ (ttí xetʰétti maníkka dikóko áttą étti oknį́ ną) - in the corner of the lodge, he (toad) digs out the dirt and lives there [JOD]

► ex: zhaⁿ-di-taⁿ-da zhi-ka o-kniⁿ a-taⁿ tʰi-we (žą́dittą́da žiká oknį áttą tʰíwe) - when they arrived they were riding in small wagon [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ sh’a-ke tʰaⁿ ni o-ha wa-taⁿ a-ki-de ta tʰaⁿ naⁿ, koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ maⁿ-te wa-sh’a-ke hi o-kniⁿ a-taⁿ de ta tʰaⁿ naⁿ (kóišǫ́ttą šʔáke tʰą ni ohá wattą́ akíde tta tʰą ną, kóišǫ́ttą mątte wašʔáke hí óknį áttą de tta tʰą ną) - then the old man was about to go after goods along the creek/river, then he sat in his large/broad canoe and was about to go [JOD]

► ex: maⁿ-te o-kniⁿ taⁿ da-we (mątté oknį́ tą dáwe) - they went sitting/riding in a canoe [JOD]

► Dhegiha: u-gthiⁿ (ugthíⁿ) - seat, place to sit, sit in, to sit in something [Omaha/Ponca]; u-gthiⁿ (ú-gthiⁿ) - to occupy a seat [FL-Osage]; o-liⁿ (olį́į) - live in or at, dwell in, inhabit, live within metaphorically, sit in, occupy, be seated on, sit down on, take a seat, ride, ride in [CQ-Osage]; o-liⁿ (olíⁿ) - dwell, live in a place, sit in a place, stay in a place [Kaw]

 

sit on

► a-kniⁿ (aknį́) - sit on; and numerals in the teens

► cf. a (a) - on, upon; kniⁿ (knį), kdiⁿ (kdį) - sit, be sitting, be in a place, camp; a-kniⁿ (áknį) - chair, seat; a-kʰi-kniⁿ (akʰíknį) - return home there and stay; ki-kniⁿ (kíknį) - sit with reference to another; o-kniⁿ (oknį́) - sit in, dwell in, live in; o-hi-kniⁿ (ohíknį) - to get into and sit [JOD]; o-ki-kniⁿ (okkíknį) - sit together, with one another

► ex: shoⁿ-ke a-kniⁿ (šǫ́keáknį) - horse, “sit upon dog”

► ex: shoⁿ-ke a-kniⁿ (šǫ́keáknį) - horse [MS, AB, AG, OM]

► ex: a-ki-kniⁿ (akíkniⁿ) - to sit on one’s own [JOD]

► ex: a-ki-kniⁿ-xti (ákkiknį́xti) - in a great crowd, crowding together upon one another, sitting upon one another

► ex: kde-bnaⁿ-taⁿ miⁿ-xti a-kniⁿ (kdébnąttą́ mį́xti áknį) - eleven, “10 when 1 sitting on”, same as mįxti aknį, the contracted and more common form

► ex: miⁿ-xti a-kniⁿ (mį́xti áknį) - eleven

► ex: kde-bnaⁿ-taⁿ naⁿ-pa a-kniⁿ (kdébnąttą́ nąpá aknį́) - twelve (long form)

► ex: kde-bnaⁿ noⁿ-pa a-kniⁿ (gĕdēhbŏnāh nonnepah-agheni) - 12 [GI]

► ex: naⁿ-pa a-kniⁿ (nąpá aknį) - twelve

► ex: da-bni a-kniⁿ (dábni áknį) - thirteen, 3 sitting on 10

► ex: to-wa a-kniⁿ (tówa áknį) - fourteen

► ex: kde-bnaⁿ-taⁿ sa-taⁿ a-kniⁿ (kdébnąttą́ sattą́ aknį́) - fifteen

► ex: sa-taⁿ a-kniⁿ (sáttą áknį) - fifteen

► ex: sha-pe a-kniⁿ (šappé áknį) - sixteen, 6 sitting on (10)

► ex: pe-naⁿ-pa a-kniⁿ (ppénąpa áknį) - seventeen

► ex: pe-da-bniⁿ a-kniⁿ (ppedábnį áknį) - eighteen

► ex: shaⁿ-ka a-kniⁿ (šą́kka áknį) - nineteen, 9 sitting on (10)

► Dhegiha: a-gthiⁿ (ágthiⁿ) - sit, to sit on something; chair, seat [Omaha/Ponca]; a-gthiⁿ (agthiⁿ) - ride a horse, sit on, astride, chair [Omaha]; a-gthiⁿ (agthíⁿ) - -teen (part of number) [Omaha/Ponca]; a-gthiⁿ (á-gthiⁿ) - to sit upon a cushion, robe, or chair; a chair [FL-Osage]; a-liⁿ (álįį), a-dliⁿ (ádlį) - sit upon, ride on, place upon, upon (used in numbers); chair [CQ-Osage]; a-liⁿ (áliⁿ) - sit on; chair; teen formative, ‘in addition’ [Kaw]

 

sit on one’s own

► a-ki-kniⁿ (ákiknį́) - to sit on one’s own [JOD]

► cf. a-kniⁿ (aknį́) - sit on

► ex: shoⁿ-ke-a-kniⁿ a-ki-kniⁿ aⁿ-taⁿ ba-ha-ha-ta ho-taⁿ kaⁿ-iⁿ de (šǫ́keáknį akíknį ą́tą baháhatta hóttą ką́į dé) - horse/she sat on her own/when/trotting/good/so/she went [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ shoⁿ-ke-a-kniⁿ tʰaⁿ-ta a-ki-kniⁿ taⁿ kaⁿ-iⁿ kde taⁿ hoⁿ-pe ki-di-shto-ta-wi (kóišǫ́ttą šǫ́keáknį tʰąttá ákiknį́ tą ką́į kdé tą hǫpé kidíštottáwi) - then/horse/to the standing/she sat on her own/when/just as she was starting home/when/shoe/they pulled it off from her [JOD]

► Dhegiha: a-gi-gthiⁿ (á-gi-g¢iⁿ) - to sit on his horse or chair [JOD-Omaha]; a-gi-gthiⁿ (á-gi-gthiⁿ) - to sit on one’s own [FL-Osage]; a-gi-liⁿ (ágiliⁿ) - sit on one’s own [Kaw]

 

sit on together

► o-ki-ba-taⁿ kniⁿ (okkíbattą knį) - to sit on together

► cf. o-ki-ba-taⁿ (okkíbattą) - together; kniⁿ (knį), kdiⁿ (kdį) - sit, be sitting, be in a place, camp; o-ki-ba-taⁿ-taⁿ (okkíbattą́ttą) - one after another, several in a row or series [JOD]; a-ba-taⁿ (ábattą) - push together, as firebrands when the ends next to the fire are burned; o-ba-tʰaⁿ (obátʰą) - next

► Dhegiha: u-wa-taⁿ (u-wá-taⁿ) - the next [JOD-Omaha]; u-wa-tʰoⁿ (uwátʰoⁿ) - next [Omaha/Ponca]; u-wa-ʰtoⁿ (u-wá-ṭoⁿ) - next in order or line; the next time, place or rank [FL-Osage]; o-txaⁿ (otxą́), o-kxaⁿ (okxą́) - next, following, the following one [CQ-Osage]; o-wa-khaⁿ (owákhaⁿ) - next of kin [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: gthiⁿ (g¢íⁿ) - sit, dwell [JOD-Omaha]; gthiⁿ (gthiⁿ) - to sit [FL-Osage]; liⁿ (lį́į) - sit [CQ-Osage]; liⁿ (liⁿ), gliⁿ (glíⁿ) - sit, stay, remain, dwell, live, reside, continue [Kaw]

 

sit or lie on the edge, to perch

► bi-zi-pa (bizíppa) - sit or lie on the edge, to perch ► pi-zi-pa (ppízippa) - I, shpi-zi-pa (špízippa) - you

► cf. ba-zi-pa (bazíppa) - edge, nudge, push on edge; da-zi-pa (dazíppa) - bite along the edge, nip; di-zi-pa (dizíppa) - grasp or hold by the edge; ka-zi-pa (kazíppa) - chop, cut at the edge; kdi-zi-pa (kdizíppa) - hold, grasp edge of one’s own; ki-di-zi-pa (kídizippa) - hold along the edge for someone; naⁿ-zi-pa (nązíppa) - walk along the edge of something; pa-zi-pa (pázippa) - cut along the edge with a knife; po-zi-pa (pózippa) - punch along the edge of something; ta-zi-pa (tázippa) - burn along the edge of something

 

sit over there

► she-ke-ti kniⁿ! (šekétti knį́!) - sit over there!

► cf. she-ke (šéke) - those non-singular/standing/animate or inanimate objects; ti (tti) - at, by, in; locative; she-ke-ti (šekétti) - by those standing objects, by yonder things; kniⁿ (knį), kdiⁿ (kdį) - sit, be in a place, camp, sit, be sitting

► ex: she-ke-ti kniⁿ! (šekétti knį́!) - by yonder things/sit [JOD]

► ex: she-ke-ti kniⁿ! (šekétti knį́!) - sit over there!

 

sit softly on, as when a horse is saddled with a blanket

► a-bi-shtaⁿ-ka (ábištąka) - sit softly on, as when a horse is saddled with a blanket ► a-pi-shtaⁿ-ka (áppištąka) - I, a-shpi-shtaⁿ-ka (ášpištąka) - you

► cf. a (a) - on, upon; bi (bi) - by pressing, rubbing; shtoⁿ-ka (štǫká), shtaⁿ-ka (štąka) - soft

► Dhegiha: a-bi-shtaⁿ-ga (á-bi-ctañ-ga) - to sit, press, or bear softly on any thing; to press on an object in order to soften it [JOD-Omaha]

 

sit still

► kaⁿ-zhi kniⁿ (kką́ži knį́) - to sit still

► ex: kaⁿ-zhi da-kniⁿ te (kkąží daknį́ tte) - motionless/you sit/will [JOD]

► ex: “kaⁿ-zhi da-kniⁿ te,” i-ke i-ya sni-wa-te (“kkąží daknį́ tte,” iké iyá sniwátte) - Winter said to him, “Will you sit still!” it is said [JOD]

 

sit together, with one another

► o-ki-kniⁿ (okkíknį) - sit together, with one another

► cf. o-ki-kniⁿ (okiknį) - to sit in one’s own [JOD]; o-kniⁿ (oknį́) - sit in, dwell in, live in; o-hi-kniⁿ (ohíknį) - to get into and sit [JOD]; kniⁿ (knį), kdiⁿ (kdį) - sit, be sitting, be in a place, camp; ki-kniⁿ (kíknį) - sit with reference to another; a-kniⁿ (aknį́) - sit on; and numerals in the teens; a-kniⁿ (áknį) - chair, seat; a-kʰi-kniⁿ (akʰíknį) - return home there and stay

► Dhegiha: u-gthiⁿ (ugthíⁿ) - sit in, to sit in something, seat, place to sit [Omaha/Ponca]; u-gthiⁿ (ugthiⁿ) - ride [Omaha]; u-gthiⁿ (ú-gthiⁿ) - to occupy a seat, to dwell in [FL-Osage]; o-liⁿ (olį́į) - live in or at, dwell in, inhabit, live within metaphorically, ride, ride in, sit in, occupy (a seat), be seated on, sit down on, take a seat on [CQ-Osage]; o-liⁿ (olíⁿ) - dwell, live in a place, sit in a place, stay in a place [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: gthiⁿ (g¢íⁿ) - sit, dwell [JOD-Omaha]; gthiⁿ (gthiⁿ) - to sit [FL-Osage]; liⁿ (lį́į) - sit [CQ-Osage]; liⁿ (liⁿ), gliⁿ (glíⁿ) - sit, stay, remain, dwell, live, reside, continue [Kaw]

 

sit with reference to another

► ki-kniⁿ (kíknį) - sit with reference to another ► a-ki-kniⁿ (akíknį) - I, da-ki-kniⁿ (dakíknį) - you

► cf. kniⁿ (knį), kdiⁿ (kdį) - sit, be sitting, be in a place, camp

► Dhegiha: gthiⁿ (g¢íⁿ) - to sit [JOD-Omaha]; gthiⁿ (gthiⁿ) - to sit [FL-Osage]; liⁿ (lį́į) - sit [CQ-Osage]; liⁿ (liⁿ) -dwell, live, reside [Kaw]

 

sit, be in a place, camp; be sitting

► kniⁿ (knį), kdiⁿ (kdį) - sit, be in a place, camp; be sitting ► a-kniⁿ (aknį́) - I, da-kniⁿ (daknį́) - you, kniⁿ (knį) - he/she, aⁿ-kniⁿ (ąknį́) - we dual, I and one other, aⁿ-kniⁿ-we (ąknį́we), oⁿ-kniⁿ-we (ǫknį́we) - we, kniⁿ-wi (knį́wi) - they

► cf. a-kniⁿ (aknį́) - sit on; a-kniⁿ (áknį) - chair, seat; a-hi-kniⁿ (áhiknį́) - to get on and sit, to come to and sit upon, to reach/arrive and sit on [JOD]; a-ki-kniⁿ (akíknį) - to sit on one’s own [JOD]; a-kʰi-kniⁿ (akʰíknį) - return home there and stay; ki-kniⁿ (kíknį) - sit with reference to another; o-kniⁿ (oknį́) - sit in, dwell in, live in; o-hi-kniⁿ (ohíknį) - to get into and sit, to come to and sit in, to reach/arrive and sit in [JOD]; o-ki-kniⁿ (okiknį) - to sit in one’s own [JOD]; o-ki-kniⁿ (okkíknį) - sit together, with one another; o-ti-kdiⁿ (óttikdį) - village

► ex: kniⁿ (knį) - sit down! (command) [MS, AB, OM]

► ex: hoⁿ-tʰaⁿ-hi i-ka-xa-ta koi-ta kniⁿ i-yi i-ya wa-sa niⁿ-kʰe (hǫ́tʰąhi íkaxátta kóitta knį́ iyí iyá wasá niⁿkʰe) - then the black bear said, sit over there on the other side of the lodge, they said [JOD]

► ex: ko-zhi hi a-kniⁿ a-ni-he (kkóžihi aknį́ ánihé) - I live way off [MS]

► ex: ko-zhi hi a-kniⁿ ta miⁿ-kʰe (kkóžihi aknį́ tta mįkʰé) - I going to live far away [MS]

► ex: a-wi-bda-ska a-kniⁿ (áwibdaska áknį́) - I sit close to you

► ex: pʰi a-ni-he naⁿ pa-ze de taⁿ a-kniⁿ (pʰí aníhe ną́ ppáze dé tą aknį́) - I was coming/I who move/when/after dark/when/I camped [JOD]

► ex: iⁿ-chʰoⁿ mi-aⁿ-ba miⁿ a-ki-haⁿ a-kniⁿ (į́čʰǫ mią́ba mį́ ákkihą aknį́) - I have now been (here) over a month

► ex: aⁿ-ta-ska da-kniⁿ (ą́ttaska daknį́) - you sit close to me

► ex: kaⁿ-zhi da-kniⁿ te (kkąží daknį́ tte) - motionless/you sit/will [JOD]

► ex: “kaⁿ-zhi da-kniⁿ te,” i-ke i-ya sni-wa-te (“kkąží daknį́ tte,” iké iyá sniwátte) - Winter said to him, “Will you sit still!” it is said [JOD]

► ex: maⁿ-shi wa-koⁿ-ta kniⁿ niⁿ-kʰe (mąší wakǫ́ta knį nįkʰé) - God is up there (God resides in heaven) [MS]

► ex: kaⁿ-hiⁿ kniⁿ (kąhį́ knį) - so she sat awhile [JOD]

► ex: a-di-da-ska kniⁿ (ádidaska knį́) - he sits close to you

► ex: hoⁿ-tʰaⁿ-hi ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-ti kniⁿ niⁿ-kʰe i-ya (hǫ́tʰąhi maštį́ke étti knį́ niⁿkʰe iyá) - then the rabbit sat there, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ pa-ze de taⁿ naⁿ kniⁿ i-ya-we (koíšǫ́ttą ppáze dé tą ną knį́ iyáwe) - then, when it became night she camped, they say [JOD]

► ex: zha-ka i-naⁿ-naⁿ shoⁿ kniⁿ (žakká iną́ną šǫ knį́) - leaping at intervals/still/sat [JOD]

► ex: ma-shtiⁿ-ke zha-ka i-naⁿ-naⁿ shoⁿ kniⁿ naⁿ, i-ya (maštį́ke žakká iną́ną šǫ knį́ ną, i-ya) - Rabbit jumped about continually (jumping as rabbits do), it is said [JOD]

► ex: aⁿ-kniⁿ (ąknį́) - we sat, we camped, I and one other [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ e-shoⁿ-hi aⁿ-kniⁿ (koíšǫ́ttą ešǫhí ąknį́) - then after awhile we camped [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ aⁿ-ka-ki pa-ze de taⁿ aⁿ-kniⁿ-ti aⁿ-zhaⁿ (kóišǫ́ttą ąkáki ppázĕ dé tą ąknį́-tti ąžą́) - then-we were coming back (or home)-after night-when-we camped-when(where)-we slept [JOD]

► ex: kniⁿ-wi (knį́wi) - they camp [JOD]

► ex: pa-ze de taⁿ kniⁿ-wi (ppazé dé tą knį́wi) - after dark they camped [JOD]

► Dhegiha: gthiⁿ (g¢iⁿ́) - sit, dwell [JOD-Omaha]; gthiⁿ (gthiⁿ) - to sit [FL-Osage]; liⁿ (lį́į) - sit [CQ-Osage]; liⁿ (liⁿ), gliⁿ (glíⁿ) - sit, stay, remain, dwell, live, reside, continue [Kaw]

 

sit, it sits not

► niⁿ-kʰa-zhi (nįkʰaží) - there/it sits not/very [JOD]

► cf. niⁿ-kʰe (nįkʰe) - the singular/sitting/animate or inanimate; niⁿ-kʰe (nįkʰé) - he/she/it, 3^rd person singular continuative sitting; zhi (ži) - not, negation, negative

► ex: e-ti niⁿ-kʰa-zhi hi (ettí nįkʰaží hi) - there/it sits not/very [JOD]

► ex: iⁿ-ta-te, toⁿ ha-ki e-hi-te e-ti niⁿ-kʰa-zhi hi taⁿ kaⁿ aⁿ-niⁿ-kʰe e-te te (įttátte, ttǫ́ hakí ehitté ettí nįkʰaží hi tą́ ką-ąnį́kʰe étte tté) - father, is there not a village anywhere, I wonder if we are alone [JOD]

 

sit, to arrive and sit in

► o-hi-kniⁿ (ohíknį) - to get into and sit, to come to and sit in, to reach/arrive and sit in [JOD]

► cf. hi (hi) - come, be coming here, not own; hi (hi) - arrive, reach there, have been; kniⁿ (knį), kdiⁿ (kdį) - sit, be sitting, be in a place, camp; a-kniⁿ (aknį́) - sit on; a-kniⁿ (áknį) - chair, seat; a-hi-kniⁿ (áhiknį́) - to get on and sit, to come to and sit upon, to reach/arrive and sit on [JOD]; a-ki-kniⁿ (akíknį) - to sit on one’s own [JOD]; a-kʰi-kniⁿ (akʰíknį) - return home there and stay; ki-kniⁿ (kíknį) - sit with reference to another; o-kniⁿ (oknį́) - sit in, dwell in, live in; o-ki-kniⁿ (okiknį) - to sit in one’s own [JOD]; o-ki-kniⁿ (okkíknį) - sit together, with one another; o-ti-kdiⁿ (óttikdį) - village

► ex: e maⁿ-te kʰe-ti o-hi-kniⁿ naⁿ kde (e mąté kʰettí ohíknį ną kdé) - that/the canoe, she got into it and sat down, then headed home [JOD]

► Dhegiha: u-hi-gthiⁿ (u-hí-gthiⁿ) - he came to and sat at the [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: u-hi (u-hí) - to reach and to enter [FL-Osage]; o-hi (ohí) - arrive at a place [Kaw]

 

sit, to arrive and sit on

► a-hi-kniⁿ (áhiknį́) - to arrive and sit on

► cf. a (a) - on, upon; hi (hi) - arrive, reach there, have been; kniⁿ (knį), kdiⁿ (kdį) - sit, be in a place, camp, sit, be sitting

► ex: a-hi-kniⁿ (áhiknį́) - he reached and sat on [JOD]

► ex: kʰi a-shi a-hi-kniⁿ, i-ya-we (kʰi áši áhiknį́, iyáwe) - having reached there again, he jumped on their backs [JOD]

 

sit, to not sit still

► kaⁿ-zhe-hi-ti kniⁿ-zhi (kkąžéhitti knį́ži) - to not sit still

► cf. kaⁿ-zhe-hi-ti (kkąžéhitti) - very motionless; kniⁿ (knį), kdiⁿ (kdį) - sit, be sitting, be in a place, camp; zhi (ži) - not, negative, negation

► ex: kaⁿ-zhe-hi-ti kniⁿ-zhi (kkąžéhittí knį́ži iyá maštį́ke) - very motionless/when/he did not sit [JOD]

► ex: kaⁿ-zhe-hi-ti kniⁿ-zhi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (kkąžéhittí knį́ži iyá maštį́ke) - Rabbit could not sit still, it is said [JOD]

 

sits, he who sits writing

► i-ka-zo-zo ka-xe kniⁿ (íkazózo káγe knį) - clerk, he who sits writing

► cf. i-ka-zo (íkazo) - write, draw; i-ka-zo-zo (íkazózo) - book, paper, letter; ka-xe (káγe) - make, do, cause; kniⁿ (knį), kdiⁿ (kdį) - sit, be in a place, camp, be sitting

 

sitting upon one another, crowding together upon one another

► a-ki-kniⁿ-xti (ákkiknį́xti) - in a great crowd, crowding together upon one another, sitting upon one another

► cf. a-kniⁿ (aknį́) - sit on; a-ki-kniⁿ (akíkniⁿ) - to sit on one’s own [JOD]; xti (-xti) - very, real, fully

► ex: a-ki-kniⁿ-xti ti tʰe-ti hi-we i-ya (ákkiknį́xti ttí tʰétti híwe iyá) - they went to the lodge, crowding together, sitting upon one another, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► Dhegiha: a-ʰki-gthiⁿ (á-ḳi-gthiⁿ) - to sit upon one another [FL-Osage]; a-gi-liⁿ (ágiliⁿ) - sit on one’s own [Kaw]

 

sitting, after sitting awhile

► shoⁿ-niⁿ-kʰe (šǫ́-nįkʰé) - after sitting awhile [JOD]

► cf. shoⁿ (šǫ) - and, still, yet; enough, the end; niⁿ-kʰe (nįkʰe) - the singular/sitting/animate or inanimate; niⁿ-kʰe (nįkʰé) - he/she/it, 3^rd person singular continuative sitting

► ex: e-ti da-tʰe shoⁿ-niⁿ-kʰe taⁿ-niⁿ da-we (étti datʰé šǫ́-nįkʰé ttą́nį dáwe) - he sat there eating while they ran away [JOD]

 

sitting, continuative aux sitting

► niⁿ-kʰe (nįkʰé) - continuative aux sitting ► miⁿ-kʰe (mįkʰé) - I, ni-kʰe (nikʰé) - you, niⁿ-kʰe (nįkʰé) - he/she/it, oⁿ-niⁿ-kʰe (ǫ́nįkʰe) - we, I and one other, ni-kʰa-she (nikʰáše) - you all, ni-kʰa (nikʰa) - they

► niⁿ-kʰe (nįkʰe) - the singular/sitting/animate or inanimate

► niⁿ-kʰe (nįkʰé) - the sitting one; the curvilinear inanimate object; the part; the subject; the one who [JOD]

► Dhegiha: thiⁿ-kʰe (thiⁿkʰé) - the sitting animate object; the curved inanimate object; third person singular [Omaha/Ponca]; thiⁿ-kshe (thiⁿ-kshe) - the one sitting [FL-Osage]; iⁿ-kshe (įkšé), thiⁿ-kshe (ðįkšé) - sitting singular animate or inanimate positional article, follows a noun or pronoun (usually not the subject of a sentence) that represents a singular sitting entity or singular round entity; lying down or horizontal inanimate plural positional article [CQ-Osage]; yiⁿ-khe (yiⁿkhé) - “the”; definite article used with the object of the verb; singular inanimate or animate; “the” in reference to an animate subject of a stative verb [Kaw]

 

► miⁿ-kʰe (mįkʰé) - I, 1^st person singular continuative sitting

► miⁿ-kʰe (mįkʰé) - I who sit [JOD]

► ex: a-tʰi miⁿ-kʰe aⁿ-da-kni, hoⁿ-ba-de, de-ho-taⁿ-xti, ho-taⁿ miⁿ-kʰe (atʰí mįkhé ą́dakni hǫ́bade, dehóttą xti, hóttą mįkʰé) - today is a really nice day, and I am glad to be here, I’m feeling good [MR]

► ex: pa-hi aⁿ-de miⁿ-kʰe (ppahí ądé mįkʰé) - I’ve got a headache [AG]

► ex: to-zhoⁿ-ke bda-tʰe miⁿ-kʰe (tožǫ́ke bdátʰe mįkʰé) - I’m eating a banana [MS]

► ex: naⁿ-pi-aⁿ-hi miⁿ-kʰe,” i-yi (nąppią́hi mįkʰé) - I am hungry” [JOD]

► ex: “ha-ki i-da-we i-ba-haⁿ miⁿ-kʰe,” shi-naⁿ i-ke (“hakí idáwe íbahąží mįkʰé,” šíną iké) - “I don’t know where they went,” she said to him again [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ maⁿ-shi miⁿ-kʰe taⁿ aⁿ-ba-zo (kóišǫ́ttą mą́ši mįkʰé tą ą́bazo) - then as I was sitting above, it pointed at me [JOD]

► ex: maⁿ-shi miⁿ-kʰe taⁿ-ha aⁿ-ba-zo (mą́ši mįkʰe tą́ha ą́bazo) - because I was sitting above, it pointed at me [JOD]

► ex: e-shaⁿ zhaⁿ a-ba-ko koi-shoⁿ e-ti kʰe taⁿ a-te bde a-taⁿ maⁿ-shi miⁿ-kʰe (éšą žą ábakko kóišǫ́ étti kʰé tą átte bd[e]á-ttą mą́ši mįkʰé) - then, I climbed up high in this crooked (bent, lying there) tree and I sat there [JOD]

► ex: wi-e naⁿ-hi naⁿ-haⁿ e-ti miⁿ-kʰe (wíe nąhí nąhą́ ettí mįkʰé) - I/only/grown/there/I who sit [JOD]

► ex: wi-zhoⁿ-de wi-ti-to i-niⁿ-ha, shi-zhi-ka e-ta-we e-naⁿ-hi o-shte ke, wi-e naⁿ-hi naⁿ-haⁿ e-ti miⁿ-kʰe (wižǫ́de wittítto inįhá, šižíka ettáwe enąhí ošté ke, wíe nąhí nąhą́ ettí mįkʰé) - my elder sister and elder brother, their children are all that is left, I am the eldest [JOD]

► ex: e-kaⁿ niⁿ zho-wa hi a-te-zhe zhi-ka de-a-de kaⁿ miⁿ-kʰe (éką nį žówa hí atéže žíka deáde ką́-mįkʰé) - so as I was sitting there, I urinated a little, I sent a little off [JOD]

► ex: i-shta xi-xi-te pa-xa-taⁿ a-toⁿ-we de-a-de miⁿ-kʰe (ištá xixítte ppaγ[e]á-ttą atǫ́we deáde mįkʰé) - I was peeping out of the corner of my eyes looking at him [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ-ba de aⁿ-naⁿ-bnaⁿ miⁿ-kʰe e-de (hǫ́ba de ąną́bną mįkʰe edé) - today, I am really tired of it [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ-pe o-a-ki-tʰoⁿ miⁿ-kʰe (hǫpé oákitʰǫ mįkʰé) - moccasins/I put on my (moccasins)/I who [JOD]

► ex: “e-koⁿ-te-he, wi-zhiⁿ-de, hoⁿ-pe o-a-ki-tʰoⁿ miⁿ-kʰe,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“ékǫttehé, wižį́de, hǫpé oákitʰǫ mįkʰé,” iyí iyá maštį́ke) - “wait, my elder brother, I am putting on my moccasins,” it is said Rabbit said [JOD]

► ex: ta miⁿ-kʰe (tta mįkʰé) - I shall, I will be

► ex: ma-shtiⁿ-ke niⁿ-kʰe, “bde ta miⁿ-kʰe,” i-niⁿ-aⁿ, i-ya (maštį́ke nįkʰe, “bdé tta mįkʰé,” ínįą́, iyá) - the rabbit thought, “I will go,” it is said [JOD]

► ex: shi-naⁿ ka-saⁿ-niⁿ a-kdi ta miⁿ-kʰe (šíną kasą́nį akdí tta mįkʰé) - I’ll come back tomorrow [MS]

► ex: a-kde ta miⁿ-kʰe (akdé tta mįkʰé) - I will be going home [MS]

► ex: aⁿ-t’e ta miⁿ-kʰe a-zhaⁿ-miⁿ (ątʔé tta mįkʰe ážąmį́) - I think I will die [JOD]

► ex: he-be a-ki-k’iⁿ tta miⁿ-kʰe (hébe tta mįkʰé) - part/I will carry my own

► ex: “wi-zhiⁿ-de, he-be a-ki-k’iⁿ tta miⁿ-kʰe,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“wižį́de, hébe tta mįkʰé,” iyí iyá maštį́ke) - “my elder brother, I will carry my own piece,” it is said Rabbit said [JOD]

► ex: a-kniⁿ miⁿ-kʰe (aknį́ mįkʰé) - I sit/I who sit (I am sitting) [JOD]

► ex: wi-e o-a-ki-e a-kniⁿ miⁿ-kʰe,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (wíe oákkie aknį́ mįkʰé,” iyí iyá maštį́ke) - I am just sitting here talking to myself,” it is said rabbit said [JOD]

► ex: a-zhaⁿ tta miⁿ-kʰe (ažą́ tta mįkʰé) - I will recline [JOD]

► ex: de tʰe o-wa-di-te niⁿ-kʰe a-pa-po e-ta-kaⁿ-za a-wi-taⁿ-we a-zhaⁿ ta miⁿ-kʰe (dé tʰe owáditte nįkʰé áppapo ettákkąza áwittą́we ažą́ tta mįkʰé) - when he (Grizzly bear) goes, I will lie down looking at you, at the edge of the hill directly above the place where you capture the game [JOD]

► Dhegiha: miⁿ-kʰe (miⁿkʰé) - I who, singular first person [Omaha/Ponca]; miⁿ-kshe (miⁿ-kshe) - I, who sit here [FL-Osage]; miⁿ-kshe (mįkšé) - continuative aspect postverbal marker (indicating ongoing action or state in present, past, or future time) for 1^st sg. sitting or lying down subject [CQ-Osage]; miⁿ-kʰe (miⁿkhé) - continuative I, while sitting [Kaw]

 

► ni-kʰe (nikʰé) - you, 2^nd person singular continuative sitting

► ni-kʰe (nikʰé) - you who sit [JOD]

► ex: ta-taⁿ shka-xe ni-kʰe (táttą škáγe nikʰé) - what are you making? [MS]

► ex: hoⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ toⁿ ti te ta ni-kʰe (hǫnį́ttą ttǫ tti tté tta nikʰé) - why you go to town? (why are you going to town?) [MS]

► ex: hoⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ te ta ni-kʰe (hǫnį́ttą tté tta nikʰé) - why will you be going?, why are you going? [MS]

► ex: di-xa-zhi wa-da-xo-we ni-kʰe (dixáži wadáxowé nikʰé) - hill/draws people into its mouth/you who are

► ex: di-xa-zhi wa-da-xo-we ni-kʰe, aⁿ-da-xo-wa! (dixáži wadáxowé nikʰé, ądáxowá!) - you are the Hill that draws things (people) into its mouth, draw me in! [JOD]

► ex: o-da-ki-tʰoⁿ ni-kʰe (odákitʰǫ nikʰé) - you who are putting on your (moccasins) [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ-pe o-da-ki-tʰoⁿ ni-kʰe (hǫpé odákitʰǫ nikʰé) - moccasins/you who are putting on your [JOD]

► ex: o-ti-ti! hoⁿ-pe o-da-ki-tʰoⁿ ni-kʰe! (óttitti! hǫpé odákitʰǫ nikʰé!) - hurry! you putter on of moccasins! [JOD]

► ex: haⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ i-di-bnaⁿ ni-kʰe (hąnį́ttą idíbną nikʰé) - why are you satiated? [JOD]

► ex: iⁿ-knaⁿ, ha-zhoⁿ ni-kʰe, i-ke (įkną́, hažǫ́ nikʰé, iké) - “first son, what are you doing?” she said to him [JOD]

► Dhegiha: hniⁿ-kʰe (hniⁿkʰé) - you who are, you who sit, second person singular [Omaha/Ponca]; niⁿ-kshe (nįkšé), ni-kshe (ni-kshe) - continuative aspect postverbal marker (indicating ongoing action or state in present, past, or future time) for 2^nd sg. sitting object [CQ-Osage]; hniⁿ-khe (hniⁿkhé) - continuative you (singular), while sitting [Kaw]

 

► niⁿ-kʰe (nįkʰé) - he/she/it, 3^rd person singular continuative sitting

► niⁿ-kʰe (nįkʰe) - the singular/sitting/animate or inanimate

► niⁿ-kʰe (nįkʰé) - the sitting one; the curvilinear inanimate object; the part; the subject; the one who [JOD]

► ex: ti-kde niⁿ-kʰe (ttikdé niⁿkʰe) - is dwelling in a lodge [JOD]

► ex: wa-sa ka-hi-ke niⁿ-kʰe a-ni koi-hi-de-niⁿ-kʰe ti ti-kde niⁿ-kʰe (wasá kahíke niⁿkʰe áni kóihidénįkʰe tti ttikdé niⁿkʰe) - the black bear chief dwells in a lodge beyond yonder distant bluff [JOD]

► ex: naⁿ-pe xa-ke niⁿ-kʰe (ną́ppe γaké nįkʰé) - fearing to see her/was crying (as she sat) [JOD]

► ex: e-hoⁿ kʰe we-s’a o-do-hi kʰe taⁿ-ha naⁿ-pe xa-ke niⁿ-kʰe (ehǫ́ kʰe wésʔa odóhi kʰe tą́ha ną́ppe γaké nįkʰé) - she was crying because she was afraid of her mother which had changed into a snake [JOD]

► ex: ti-kde niⁿ-kʰe (ttikdé niⁿkʰe) - is dwelling in a lodge [JOD]

► ex: wa-sa ka-hi-ke niⁿ-kʰe a-ni koi-hi-de-niⁿ-kʰe ti ti-kde niⁿ-kʰe (wasá kahíke niⁿkʰe áni kóihidénįkʰe tti ttikdé niⁿkʰe) - the black bear chief dwells in a lodge beyond yonder distant bluff [JOD]

► ex: ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-zhiⁿ-ke niⁿ-kʰe (maštį́ke ežį́ke nįkʰe) - rabbit/his son/the one who [JOD]

► ex: “ko-i-she aⁿ-ki-oⁿ a-zhaⁿ-miⁿ, e-ta-ni wi-ta,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-zhiⁿ-ke niⁿ-kʰe (“kóiše ą́kiǫ́ ážąmį́, ettáni wítta,” iyí iyá maštį́ke ežį́ke nįkʰe) - I think that he has been treating my kinsman so,” it is said the Rabbit’s son said [JOD]

► ex: di-xa-zhi niⁿ-kʰe (dixáži nįkʰé) - hill/the one who [JOD]

► ex: e-shoⁿ di-xa-zhi niⁿ-kʰe shte-ke naⁿ, i-ya (ešǫ́ dixáži nįkʰé štéke ną, iyá) - then the Hill split in two, it is said [JOD]

► ex: di-xa-zhi wa-da-xo-we niⁿ-kʰe (dixáži wadáxowé nįkʰé) - hill/drew them into its mouth/the one who [JOD]

► ex: “iⁿ-kaⁿ-e! di-xa-zhi wa-da-xo-we niⁿ-kʰe t’e-a-de e-de,” i-yi i-ya (“įkką́-e! dixáži wadáxowé nįkʰé tʔeádé edé,” iyí iyá) - “o my grandmother! I have truly killed the Hill that draws things (people) into its mouth!” it is said he said [JOD]

► ex: xa-ke kniⁿ niⁿ-kʰe (γaké knį nįkʰé) - crying/sat/the sitting one [JOD]

► ex: xa-ke kniⁿ niⁿ-kʰe naⁿ, i-ya (γaké knį nįkʰé ną, iyá) - he (Rabbit) sat crying, it is said [JOD]

► ex: i-ye niⁿ-kʰe (iyé nįkʰé) - was saying as he sat [JOD]

► ex: “wi-e e-koⁿ wa-bda-ta-zhi moⁿ,” i-ye niⁿ-kʰe, i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“wíe ekǫ́ wá-bdatáži mǫ́,” iyé nįkʰé, iyá maštį́ke) - the Rabbit said, “I am not accustomed to eating that kind (of food),” it is said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: thiⁿ-kʰe (thiⁿkʰé) - the sitting animate object; the curved inanimate object; third person singular [Omaha/Ponca]; thiⁿ-kshe (thiⁿ-kshe) - the one sitting [FL-Osage]; iⁿ-kshe (įkšé), thiⁿ-kshe (ðįkšé) - sitting singular animate or inanimate positional article, follows a noun or pronoun (usually not the subject of a sentence) that represents a singular sitting entity or singular round entity; lying down or horizontal inanimate plural positional article [CQ-Osage]; yiⁿ-khe (yiⁿkhé) - “the”; definite article used with the object of the verb; singular inanimate or animate; “the” in reference to an animate subject of a stative verb [Kaw]

 

► aⁿ-niⁿ-kʰe (ąnį́kʰe), oⁿ-niⁿ-kʰe (ǫ́nįkʰe) - I and one other, 1^st person dual continuative sitting

► Dhegiha: aⁿ-thiⁿ-kshe (ąðįkšé) - continuative aspect postverbal marker (indicating ongoing action or state in present or past time) for sitting or lying down 1^st dual subject, “we two” [CQ-Osage]; aⁿ-niⁿ-khe (aⁿniⁿkhé) - continuative, we while sitting [Kaw]

 

► ni-kʰa-she (nikʰáše) - you all, 2^nd person plural continuative sitting

► ni-kʰa-she (nikʰáše) - ye who sit [JOD]

► ex: ka-hi-ke taⁿ-ka t’e-di-ki-de ni-kʰa-she shoⁿ-te niⁿ-kʰe she iⁿ (kahíke ttą́ka tʔédikidé nikʰáše šǫté nįkʰe šé į) - you’all whose principal chief has been killed, here are the testicles [JOD]

► ex: ma-shtiⁿ-ke ho-wa ni-kʰa-she da-x’e-aⁿ-ki-de naⁿ-we e (maštį́ke hówa nikʰáše daxʔéąkkidé nąwé e) - which of you’all were kind to Rabbit for me? [JOD]

► ex: e-che-zha, i-za-ni i-shpa-hoⁿ ni-kʰa-she (eččéža, ízaní íšpahǫ níkʰáše) - goodness, you all that understand [AG]

► Dhegiha: naⁿ-kxa-she (nąkxáše) - continuative aspect postverbal marker (indicating ongoing action or state in present, past, or future time) for 2^nd pl. sitting object, often heard in the greeting to the participants and the audience at the war dance gathering as most are seated [CQ-Osage]; hnaⁿ-kha-she (hnaⁿkháshe) - you plural, while sitting, while standing, positional continuative [Kaw]

 

► ni-kʰa (nikʰa) - they, 3^rd person plural continuative sitting

► ni-kʰa (nikʰá) - they who sit; they were (plural classifier); the reclining ones [JOD]

► ex: de-ni-kʰa (dénikʰá) - these sitting or lying/animate

► ex: ka-ni-kʰa (kánikʰa) - those plural/sitting or lying/invisiblev/animate

► ex: kaⁿ-ni-kʰa (ką́-nikʰá) - so they were awhile, so they had been awhile, so they were [JOD]

► ex: koi-ni-kʰa (kóinikʰá) - those remote sitting or lying/visible

► ex: ko-wa-ni-kʰa (kówanikʰá) - those plural/sitting or lying, yonder

► ex: she-ni-kʰa (šénikʰa) - those plural/sitting or lying/visible

► ex: shoⁿ-ni-kʰa (šǫ-nikʰá) - after they had been so awhile [JOD]

► ex: to-wa-ni-kʰa (tówanikʰá) - those plural/sitting or lying objects on this side

► ex: maⁿ-tʰo zhi-ka ni-kʰa (mątʰó žíka nikʰa) - grizzly bear/young/they who sit [JOD]

► ex: to-wa ni-kʰa naⁿ (tówa nikʰa ną) - four/they who sat [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ maⁿ-tʰo zhi-ka ni-kʰa to-wa ni-kʰa naⁿ, i-ya (kóišǫ́ mątʰó žíka nikʰa tówa nikʰa ną, iyá) - now there were four young Grizzly bears (at the home of the Grizzly bear), it is said [JOD]

► ex: e-ti-ni-kʰa naⁿ (ettí-nikʰá ną) - they sat there/past sign

► ex: shi-naⁿ zho i-kdi-za-za hi ni-ha e-ti-ni-kʰa naⁿ, i-ya (ši-ną́ žo íkdizáza hí nihá ettí-nikʰá ną, iyá) - on and on, some (corpses) were sitting there with their flesh adhering here and there, it is said [JOD]

► ex: shi-naⁿ iⁿ-chʰoⁿ hi t’e ni-ha e-ti-ni-kʰa naⁿ, i-ya (ši-ną́ į́čʰǫ hí tʔé nihá ettí-nikʰá ną, iyá) - on and on, some (corpses) were sitting there who had just now died, it is said [JOD]

► ex: ti-kde ni-kʰa (ttikdé nikʰa) - were dwelling in a lodge [JOD]

► ex: ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-kaⁿ naⁿ-pa ti-kde ni-kʰa naⁿ, i-ya (maštį́ke eką́ ną́pa ttikdé nikʰa ną, iyá) - rabbit and his grandmother, the both of them lived together, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: wa-x’o to-wa ti-kde ni-kʰa naⁿ (waxʔó tówa ttíkde nikʰá ną) - four women were dwelling in a lodge [JOD]

► ex: mi-ka ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-naⁿ-pa ti-kde ni-kʰa (mikká maštį́ke enąpa ttíkde nikʰá) - raccoon and rabbit both lived together [JOD]

► ex: ni-ti ki naⁿ zha-we to-ka naⁿ-pa sa-ki-a ni-kʰa (nítti kí ną žáwe tóka nąpá sákiá nikʰa) - when he arrived at the water, there were two male beavers side by side [JOD]

► ex: da-tʰe ni-kʰa (datʰé nikʰá) - they were eating it [JOD]

► ex: wa-naⁿ-bde ni-kʰa (waną́bde nikʰá) - they were eating [JOD]

► ex: ma-shtiⁿ-ke wa-sa naⁿ-pa ni-kʰa o-wa-naⁿ, i-ya (maštį́ke wasá nąpá nikʰá ówaną, iyá) - the rabbit took hold of the two black bears, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: ma-shtiⁿ-ke wa-sa naⁿ-pa ni-kʰa o-wa-kye, i-ya (maštį́ke wasá nąpá nikʰá ówakye, iyá) - the rabbit spoke to the two black bears, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: ka-xnaⁿ hi ni-kʰa (kaxną́ hí nikʰá) - they were camping while hunting, they were on a hunting expedition [JOD]

► ex: ni-ka-shi-ka ni-kʰa (níkkašíka nikʰá) - people/the reclining ones [JOD]

► ex: ni-ka-shi-ka ni-kʰa kda-kʰa wa-k’iⁿ kde, i-ya (níkkašíka nikʰá kdákʰą wakʔį́ kdé, iyá) - he (Winter) put the Indians across his back and packed them to his home, it is said [JOD]

ni-ka-shi-ka ni-kʰa wa-k’iⁿ kʰi-naⁿ, o-wa-hoⁿ, i-ya (níkkašíka nikʰá wakʔį́ kʰí-ną, ówahǫ, iyá) - when he (Winter) returned to his home carrying the Indians, she (Winter’s wife) cooked them, it is said [JOD]

 

sitting, sitting so awhile

► kaⁿ miⁿ-kʰe (ką́-miⁿkʰé) - I was so for awhile; I stay there awhile; so I sat awhile [JOD]

► cf. kaⁿ (ką́) - so; miⁿ-kʰe (mįkʰé) - I, 1^st person singular continuative sitting; I who sit

► ex: de-do ti-aⁿ-hi kaⁿ miⁿ-kʰe maⁿ (dédo ttią́hi ką́-mįkʰé mą́) - I have been dwelling here a very long time [JOD]

► ex: e-kaⁿ niⁿ zho-wa hi a-te-zhe zhi-ka de-a-de kaⁿ miⁿ-kʰe (éką nį žówa hí atéže žíka deáde ką́-mįkʰé) - so as I was sitting there, I urinated a little, I sent a little off [JOD]

► ex: kaⁿ miⁿ-kʰe-ti ki-ha-ti a-zhoⁿ koⁿ-bda-zhi hi (ką́-mįkʰé-tti kihátti ažǫ́ kkǫ́bdáži hí) - so, I stayed there awhile, I really didn’t want to sleep on the ground [JOD]

► Dhegiha: gaⁿ miⁿ-kʰeʰ ta miⁿ-kʰe (gaⁿmiñke ta miñke) - I will sit here for sometime [JOD-Omaha]

 

► kaⁿ niⁿ-kʰe (ką-nįkʰé) - so he or she sat awhile [JOD]

► cf. kaⁿ (ką́) - so; niⁿ-kʰe (nįkʰe) - the singular/sitting/animate or inanimate; niⁿ-kʰe (nįkʰé) - he/she/it, 3^rd person singular continuative sitting

► ex: wa-x’o niⁿ-kʰe wa-te-zo-knaⁿ taⁿ kaⁿ niⁿ-kʰe (waxʔó nįkʰé wattézokną́ tą ką́ nįkʰé) - the woman was pregnant [JOD]

► ex: “ni-ka-shi-ka bnaⁿ a-ta-ha,” i-ya taⁿ pa o-di-bnaⁿ naⁿ kaⁿ niⁿ-kʰe naⁿ, i-ya-we (“níkkašíka bną́ attahá,” iyá tą ppá ódibną́ ną ką́-nįkʰé ną, iyáwe) - as he sat awhile, he sniffed around with his nose, he said, “sure enough smells like a human being”, they say [JOD]

► ex: a-shi-ti he-saⁿ o-ki-te wa-tʰe kdi-da-ki aⁿ-taⁿ he-saⁿ t’e-wa-de kaⁿ niⁿ-kʰe (ášitti hesą́ okítté watʰé kdídaki ą́tą hesą́ tʔéwade ką́-nįkʰé) - so she sat awhile outside, she turned down the waist of her skirt, looking for lice on herself and killing them [JOD]

► ex: zhaⁿ a-te, i-ya-we, a-ba-ko koi-shoⁿ maⁿ-shi kaⁿ niⁿ-kʰe, i-ya-we (žą átte iyáwe, abakkó kóišǫ́ mąši ką́-nįkʰé, iyáwe) - she climbed high up into a crooked tree and sat there, they say [JOD]

► ex: a-shi-ti ka-xta-i ke o-ki-te a-taⁿ i-de-ki-de naⁿ da-tʰe kaⁿ niⁿ-kʰe (ášitti kaxtąi ke okítte áttą ídekidé ną datʰé ką́-nįkʰé) - the things (food) that were poured outside, she searched for them and she found/saw them, so she sat awhile eating [JOD]

► ex: te-zhe zhi-ka hi-de kaⁿ niⁿ-kʰe, i-ya-we, o-do-tʰe niⁿ-kʰe a-te-zhe naⁿ, i-ya-we (téže žíka híde ką́-nįkʰé, iyáwe, ódotʰe nįkʰé áteže ną, iyáwe) - as she sat awhile, she urinated a little, they say, she urinated upon the man eater, they say [JOD]

► ex: kaⁿ niⁿ-kʰe shoⁿ niⁿ-kʰe (ką-nįkʰé šǫ-nįkʰé) - so he sat awhile/he acted differently as he sat [JOD]

► ex: kaⁿ niⁿ-kʰe-ti, ke naⁿ, iya (ešǫ́ ką́-nįkʰé tti, ké ną, iyá) - when he sat for some time [JOD]

► ex: e-shoⁿ kaⁿ niⁿ-kʰe-ti, ke naⁿ, iya (ešǫ́ ką́-nįkʰé tti, ké ną, iyá) - and when he (Rabbit’s son) had sat for some time, he (Rabbit’s son) said the following, it is said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: gaⁿ thiⁿ-kʰe (gaⁿ ¢iñke) - he sits a little while [JOD-Omaha]

 

► kaⁿ ni-kʰa (ką́-nikʰá) - so they were awhile; so they had been awhile; so they were [JOD]

► cf. kaⁿ (ką́) - so; ni-kʰa (nikʰa) - they, 3^rd person plural continuative sitting; they who sit; they were (plural classifier); the reclining ones

 

► kaⁿ aⁿ-niⁿ-kʰe (ką-ąnį́kʰe) - we sit awhile [JOD]

► cf. kaⁿ (ką́) - so; aⁿ-niⁿ-kʰe (ąnį́kʰe), oⁿ-niⁿ-kʰe (ǫ́nįkʰe) - I and one other, 1^st person dual continuative sitting

► ex: iⁿ-ta-te, toⁿ ha-ki e-hi-te e-ti niⁿ-kʰa-zhi hi taⁿ kaⁿ aⁿ-niⁿ-kʰe e-te te (įttátte, ttǫ́ hakí ehitté ettí nįkʰaží hi tą́ ką-ąnį́kʰe étte tté) - father, is there not a village anywhere, I wonder if we are alone [JOD]

 

► kaⁿ-hiⁿ kniⁿ (kąhį́ knį) - so she sat awhile [JOD]

► cf. kaⁿ (ką́) - so; kniⁿ (knį), kdiⁿ (kdį) - sit, be in a place, camp, sit, be sitting

 

► koⁿ-de tʰe (kǫdé tʰe) - they were all sitting [JOD]

► ex: mi-zhi-ka e-zhi ke naⁿ wa-hiⁿ-ska ho-taⁿ hi ki-pa-tʰe koⁿ-de tʰe niⁿ naⁿ (mižíka éži ke-ną wahį́ska hóttą hí kippátʰe kǫdé tʰe nį́ ną) - girl/other/the plural/only/calico/good/very/sewing their own/they were all sitting/the (class.)/past sign [JOD]

► Dhegiha: gaⁿ tʰe (gáⁿ-te) - awhile, for some time [JOD-Omaha]

 

sitting, that remote singular/sitting/visible

► ko-i-hi-de-niⁿ-kʰe (kóihidénįkʰe) - that remote singular/sitting/visible

► cf. koi (kói) - there, that; niⁿ-kʰe (nįkʰe) - the singular/sitting/animate or inanimate; niⁿ-kʰe (nįkʰé) - he/she/it, 3^rd person singular continuative sitting

► ex: koi-hi-de-niⁿ-kʰe ti (kóihidénįkʰe tti) - at yonder distant visible place [JOD]

► ex: wa-sa ka-hi-ke niⁿ-kʰe a-ni koi-hi-de-niⁿ-kʰe ti ti-kde niⁿ-kʰe (wasá kahíke nįkʰe áni kóihidénįkʰe tti ttikdé nįkʰe) - the black bear chief dwells in a lodge beyond yonder distant bluff [JOD]

 

sitting, that singular/sitting object on this side

► to-wa-niⁿ-kʰe (tówanįkʰé) - that singular/sitting object on this side

► cf. to-wa (tówa) - on this side of a certain point; niⁿ-kʰe (nįkʰe) - the singular/sitting/animate or inanimate; niⁿ-kʰe (nįkʰé) - he/she/it, 3^rd person singular continuative sitting

► Dhegiha: to-wa iⁿ-kshe (tówa įkše) - that one of uncertain or unimportant identity (animate or inanimate); that person sitting; that object or thing sitting there; that group of objects of uncertain or unimportant identity (not animate if plural) [CQ-Osage]; to-wa (tówa) - that, those (of one or more persons or things that are more remote than someone/something else or whose exact description in unknown or of little importance to the speech event) [CQ-Osage]

 

sitting, that singular/sitting/animate nearby object on this side of a place

► to-hi-niⁿ-kʰe (tóhinįkʰé) - that singular/sitting/animate nearby object on this side of a place

► cf. hi (hi) - arrive, reach there, have been; come, be coming here, not own; niⁿ-kʰe (nįkʰe) - the singular/sitting/animate or inanimate; niⁿ-kʰe (nįkʰé) - he/she/it, 3^rd person singular continuative sitting

► Dhegiha: do (do) - in this direction, toward here; that one, the one over there; this one, the one over here [Kaw]

 

sitting, that singular/sitting/animate object on this side

► to-ta-niⁿ-kʰe (tótanįkʰé) - that singular/sitting/animate object on this side

► cf. to-ta (tóta) - on this side; niⁿ-kʰe (nįkʰe) - the singular/sitting/animate or inanimate; niⁿ-kʰe (nįkʰé) - he/she/it, 3^rd person singular continuative sitting

► Dhegiha: du-da-thiⁿ-ke (dú-da-¢iñ-ké), du-a-thiⁿ-ke (dú-a-¢iñ-ké) - the an. ob. st. on this side of (the place) [JOD-Omaha]; du-da thiⁿ-kse (dú-da thiⁿ-kshe) - the one sitting on this side [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: du-da (dúda), du-a (dúa)  - on this side and nearer this place; hither [JOD-Omaha]; do-da (dó-da) - in this direction [FL-Osage]; do-da (dóda) - this way, the one on this side; the one who is present [Kaw]

 

sitting, that singular/sitting/animate or inanimate/yonder

► ko-wa-niⁿ-kʰe (kówanįkʰé) - that singular/sitting/animate or inanimate/yonder

► cf. niⁿ-kʰe (nįkʰe) - the singular/sitting/animate or inanimate; niⁿ-kʰe (nįkʰé) - he/she/it, 3^rd person singular continuative sitting

niⁿ-kʰe (nįkʰe) - the singular/sitting/animate or inanimate; niⁿ-kʰe (nįkʰé) - he/she/it, 3^rd person singular continuative sitting

► ex: ma-zhaⁿ ko-wa-niⁿ-kʰe (mažą́ kówanįkʰe) - yonder (piece of) land

 

sitting, that singular/sitting/animate/yonder

► ko-ta-niⁿ-kʰe (kótanįkʰe) - that singular/sitting/animate/yonder

► cf. ko-ta (kóta) - over there, on that side of, on the other side, beyond, yonder, farther off, farther over there, ahead; niⁿ-kʰe (nįkʰe) - the singular/sitting/animate or inanimate; niⁿ-kʰe (nįkʰé) - he/she/it, 3^rd person singular continuative sitting

► Dhegiha: gu-da-thiⁿ-ke (gú-da-¢iñ-ké), gu-a-thiⁿ-ke (gú-a-¢iñ-ké)  - the visible an. ob. st. beyond or on that side of a person or place [JOD-Omaha]; gu-da thiⁿ-shke (gú-da thiⁿ-shke) - the one sitting on the opposite side [FL-Osage]; ko-ta-iⁿ-kshe (kóotaįkšé) - that one sitting over there or yonder (beyond speaker or hearer) [CQ-Osage]; ko-ta-iⁿ-ke (kootáįke) - over there, yonder, farther than another thing, way over there, way back in thime or distance [CQ-Osage]; go-da-yiⁿ-khe (gódayiⁿkhe) - over there; yonder [Kaw]

 

sitting, that singular/sitting/invisible/animate object

► ka-niⁿ-kʰe (kánįkʰe) - that singular/sitting/invisible/animate

► ka niⁿ-kʰe (ká nįkʰé) - that/sitting object [JOD]

► cf. ka (ká) - that; niⁿ-kʰe (nįkʰe) - the singular/sitting/animate or inanimate; niⁿ-kʰe (nįkʰé) - he/she/it, 3^rd person singular continuative sitting

► ex: “ka niⁿ-kʰe be o-da-ki-e e,” i-yi i-ya maⁿ-tʰo (“ká nįkʰé bé odákkie e,” iyí iyá mątʰó) - “who is that to whom you are talking to?” it is said Grizzly bear said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ga-thiⁿ-kʰe (gáthiⁿkʰe) - that sitting animate object, or that curvilinear inanimate object, at one side (but not seen) or out of sight (but heard); that one sitting, the object of an action; seen, and near the speaker [Omaha/Ponca]; ga-thiⁿ-kshe (gá-thiⁿ-kshe) - this (person) sitting [FL-Osage]; ka-iⁿ-kshe (káa įkše) - this one (sitting); these lying down or horizontal things gathered into a bundle or a sack that sits [CQ-Osage]

 

sitting, that sitting/visible/animate or inanimate object

► she-niⁿ-kʰe (šénįkʰe) - that sitting/visible/animate or inanimate

► she-niⁿ-kʰe (šénįkʰé) - that curvilinear object [JOD]

► cf. she (še) - that; niⁿ-kʰe (nįkʰe) - the singular/sitting/animate or inanimate; niⁿ-kʰe (nįkʰé) - he/she/it, 3^rd person singular continuative sitting

► ex: “wi-te-ke, she-niⁿ-kʰe ta-ska pa-hi miⁿ,” i-yi- i-ya (“wítteké, šénįkʰé ttaská ppahí mį,” iyí iyá) - “aunt (my mother’s brother), that object by you is the head of a Bighorn sheep,” it is said that he said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: she-thiⁿ-kʰe (shéthiⁿkʰe) - that visible and near sitting animate object; that visible and near sitting subject of an action at the request of another (not a free action); that curved inanimate object [Omaha/Ponca]; she-thiⁿ-kshe (šée ðįkšé), she-iⁿ-kshe (šée įkšé) - that one sitting (animate or inanimate), that one over there, closer to the hearer than to the speaker [CQ-Osage]; she-yiⁿ-khe (shéyiⁿkhe) - that (visible/sitting; animate or inanimate; object of verb) [Kaw]

 

sitting, the singular/sitting/animate or inanimate

► niⁿ-kʰe (nįkʰe) - the singular/sitting/animate or inanimate

► niⁿ-kʰe (nįkʰé) - continuative aux sitting

► niⁿ-kʰe (nįkʰé) - the sitting one; the curvilinear inanimate object; the part; the subject; the one who [JOD]

► ex: de-niⁿ-kʰe (dénįkʰe) - this sitting/animate or inanimate object

► ex: ka-niⁿ-kʰe (kánįkʰe) - that singular/sitting/invisible/animate

► ex: ko-i-hi-de-niⁿ-kʰe (kóihidénįkʰe) - that remote singular/sitting/visible

► ex: ko-i-niⁿ-kʰe (kóinįkʰe) - that remote singular, sitting, visible, animate or inanimate

► ex: ko-ta-niⁿ-kʰe (kótanįkʰe) - that singular/sitting/animate/yonder

► ex: ko-wa-niⁿ-kʰe (kówanįkʰé) - that singular/sitting/animate or inanimate/yonder

► ex: she-niⁿ-kʰe (šénįkʰe) - that sitting/visible/animate or inanimate

► ex: to-hi-niⁿ-kʰe (tóhinįkʰé) - that singular/sitting/animate nearby object on this side of a place

► ex: to-ta-niⁿ-kʰe (tótanįkʰé) - that singular/sitting/animate object on this side

► ex: to-wa-niⁿ-kʰe (tówanįkʰé) - that singular/sitting object on this side

► ex: e-kaⁿ niⁿ-kʰe (eką́ nįkʰe) - his grandmother/the one who [JOD]

► ex: “wa-sa ti-kde ke ta e-ti te na-ha!” i-ke i-ya e-kaⁿ niⁿ-kʰe (“wasá ttikdé ke tta étti tté nahá!” iké iyá eką́ nįkʰe) - “do not go to the village of the black bears!” his grandmother said to him, it is said [JOD]

► ex: wa-sa niⁿ-kʰe (wasá niⁿkʰe) - black bear/the one who [JOD]

► ex: “ma-shtiⁿ-ke, hoⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ da-xa-ke e” i-yi i-ya wa-sa niⁿ-kʰe (“maštį́ke, hǫnį́ttą daγáke e” iyí iyá wasá niⁿkʰe) - “Rabbit, why are you crying?” it is said that the black bear said [JOD]

► ex: wa-sa ka-hi-ke niⁿ-kʰe (wasá kahíke niⁿkʰe) - black bear/chief/the sitting one [JOD]

► ex: wa-sa ka-hi-ke niⁿ-kʰe a-ni koi-hi-de-niⁿ-kʰe ti ti-kde niⁿ-kʰe (wasá kahíke niⁿkʰe áni kóihidénįkʰe tti ttikdé niⁿkʰe) - the black bear chief dwells in a lodge beyond yonder distant bluff [JOD]

► ex: shoⁿ-te niⁿ-kʰe (šǫté nįkʰe) - scrotum/the part [JOD]

► ex: ka-hi-ke taⁿ-ka t’e-di-ki-de ni-kʰa-she shoⁿ-te niⁿ-kʰe she iⁿ (kahíke ttą́ka tʔédikidé nikʰáše šǫté nįkʰe šé į) - you’all whose principal chief has been killed, here are the testicles [JOD]

► ex: e-kaⁿ niⁿ-kʰe (eką́ nįkʰe) - his grandmother/the one who

► ex: “wa-sa ti-kde ke ta e-ti te na-ha!” i-ke i-ya e-kaⁿ niⁿ-kʰe (“wasá ttikdé ke tta étti tté nahá!” iké iyá eką́ nįkʰe) - “do not go to the village of the black bears!” his grandmother said to him, it is said [JOD]

► ex: wa-ba-tʰe o-zhi-ha niⁿ-kʰe (wabátʰe óžiha nįkʰe) - sewing/bag/the curvilinear inanimate object [JOD]

► ex: wa-x’o zhi-ka niⁿ-kʰe wa-ba-tʰe o-zhi-ha niⁿ-kʰe kdi-ze (waxʔóžiká nįkʰe wabátʰe óžiha nįkʰe kdíze) - the old woman took her sewing bag [JOD]

► ex: e-ti niⁿ-kʰe (ettí nįkʰé) - there (was) the curvilinear object [JOD]

► ex: te shoⁿ-shoⁿ e-ti niⁿ-kʰe (té šǫ́šǫ ettí nįkʰé) - there was the circular lake [JOD]

► ex: pa-hi niⁿ-kʰe (ppahí nįkʰé) - head/the curvilinear object [JOD]

► ex: pa-hi niⁿ-kʰe pa-xoⁿ taⁿ k’i kde naⁿ, i-ya (ppahí nįkʰé páxǫ tą kʔį kdé ną, iyá) - he cut off the head, packed it on his back and went home, it is said JOD]

► ex: o-wa-di-te niⁿ-kʰe (owáditte nįkʰé) - place for surrounding the game/the curvilinear object [JOD]

► ex: de tʰe o-wa-di-te niⁿ-kʰe a-pa-po e-ta-kaⁿ-za a-wi-taⁿ-we a-zhaⁿ tta miⁿ-kʰe (dé tʰe owáditte nįkʰé áppapo ettákkąza áwittą́we ažą́ tta mįkʰé) - when he (Grizzly bear) goes, I will lie down looking at you, at the edge of the hill directly above the place where you capture the game [JOD]

► Dhegiha: thiⁿ-kʰe (thiⁿkʰé) - the sitting animate object; the curved inanimate object; third person singular [Omaha/Ponca]; thiⁿ-kshe (thiⁿ-kshe) - the one sitting [FL-Osage]; iⁿ-kshe (įkšé), thiⁿ-kshe (ðįkšé) - sitting singular animate or inanimate positional article, follows a noun or pronoun (usually not the subject of a sentence) that represents a singular sitting entity or singular round entity; lying down or horizontal inanimate plural positional article [CQ-Osage]; yiⁿ-khe (yiⁿkhé) - “the”; definite article used with the object of the verb; singular inanimate or animate; “the” in reference to an animate subject of a stative verb [Kaw]

 

sitting, this sitting/animate or inanimate object

► de-niⁿ-kʰe (dénįkʰe) - this sitting/animate or inanimate object

► de-niⁿ-kʰe (dénįkʰe) - this part or object [JOD]

► cf. de (de) - this; niⁿ-kʰe (nįkʰe) - the singular/sitting/animate or inanimate; niⁿ-kʰe (nįkʰé) - he/she/it, 3^rd person singular continuative sitting

► ex: “de niⁿ-kʰe di-e da-ki-k’iⁿ te,” i-yi i-ya maⁿ-tʰo (“dé nįkʰé díe dakíkʔį tté,” iyí iyá mątʰó) - you can carry this (piece of meat) for yourself,” it is said Grizzly bear said [JOD]

► ex: e-shoⁿ de niⁿ-kʰe wa-pa-iⁿ di-ze niⁿ-kʰe ti xi-te a-ba-knaⁿ-ta i-naⁿ-de naⁿ iyá ma-shtiⁿ-ke (ešǫ́ dé nįkʰe wappaį́ dizé nįkʰé tti xítte ábaknątta iną́de ną iyá maštį́ke) - then Rabbit placed the blood which he had taken by the side of the lodge, it is said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: the-thiⁿ-kʰe (théthiⁿkʰe) - this sitting animate object (before us); this curved inanimate object (before us) [Omaha/Ponca]; the-iⁿ-kshe (ðée įkšé) - that one sitting; this one here [CQ-Osage]

 

sitting, to act different while sitting

► shoⁿ niⁿ-kʰe (šǫ-nįkʰé) - he acted differently as he sat [JOD]

► ex: kaⁿ niⁿ-kʰe shoⁿ niⁿ-kʰe (ką-nįkʰé šǫ-nįkʰé) - so he sat awhile/he acted differently as he sat [JOD]

► Dhegiha: shoⁿ thiⁿ-kʰe (shóⁿthiⁿkʰé) - denoting a reversal of past or present state, action, or feeling, of another person [Omaha/Ponca]; shoⁿ yiⁿ-khe (shóⁿyiⁿkhe) - by and by, reversing the state, action, or feeling of another person or persons [Kaw]

 

sitting, to the sitting or curvilinear object

► niⁿ-kʰe-ti (nįkʰétti) - to the sitting object; at the curvilinear object; to the curvilinear object [JOD]

► cf. niⁿ-kʰe (nįkʰe) - the singular/sitting/animate or inanimate; ti (tti) - at, by, in; locative

► ex: e-kaⁿ niⁿ-kʰe-ti (eką́ nįkʰe-tti) - his grandmother/to the sitting object [JOD]

► ex: e-kaⁿ niⁿ-kʰe-ti ti-aⁿ-hi kʰi-zhi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (eką́ nįkʰe-tti ttią́hi kʰi-ži iyá maštį́ke) - the rabbit had not returned to his grandmother for a long time, it is said [JOD]

► ex: wa-sa ka-hi-ke niⁿ-kʰe-ti (wasá kahíke niⁿkʰeti) - black bear/chief/to the one who [JOD]

► ex: wa-sa ka-hi-ke niⁿ-kʰe ti e-ti hi naⁿ i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (wasá kahíke niⁿkʰe ti étti hi ną iyá maštį́ke) - the rabbit arrived there, to where the black bear chief resides, it is said [JOD]

► ex: a-ni koi-hi-de-niⁿ-kʰe-ti (áni kóihidénįkʰetti) - hill/at yonder distant visible place [JOD]

► ex: wa-sa ka-hi-ke niⁿ-kʰe a-ni koi-hi-de-niⁿ-kʰe ti ti-kde niⁿ-kʰe (wasá kahíke niⁿkʰe áni kóihidénįkʰe tti ttikdé niⁿkʰe) - the black bear chief dwells in a lodge beyond yonder distant bluff [JOD]

► ex: de niⁿ e-shoⁿ-hi haⁿ-ka toⁿ niⁿkʰe-ti hi (de nį́ ešǫhí hą́ka ttǫ nįkʰétti hí) - after he was going for some time, he arrived at the Haⁿ-ka village [JOD]

► ex: pa-ze de haⁿ-ke taⁿ niⁿ-kʰe-ti ki-wi (ppáze dé hąké tą́ nįkʰétti kíwi) - it was nearly night when they reached the village (reached home) [JOD]

► ex: sni-wa-te niⁿ-kʰe-ti hi (sniwátte nįkʰétti hí) - winter/to the sitting object/arrived [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ-tʰaⁿ-hi sni-wa-te niⁿ-kʰe-ti hi, i-ya (hǫ́tʰąhi sniwátte nįkʰétti hí, iyá) - after some time he arrived at the abode of the Winter, it is said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: thiⁿ-kʰe-di (thiⁿkʰédi) - by or near the sitting animate object; by or near the one who [Omaha/Ponca]; thiⁿ-kshe dsi (thiⁿ-kshe dsi) - at the place where he is sitting [FL-Osage]; yiⁿ-khe-ji (yiⁿkhéji) - to or by the sitting animate object; over there [Kaw]

 

► niⁿ-kʰe-ta (nįkʰettá) - to the curvilinear object; to the one who [JOD]

► cf. niⁿ-kʰe (nįkʰe) - the singular/sitting/animate or inanimate; ta (tta) - to, at, toward, in that direction

► ex: toⁿ niⁿ-kʰe-ta aⁿki-niⁿ kda-we (tǫ́ nįkʰettá ą́kinį kdáwe) - they took it from me and returned to the village [JOD]

► ex: di-te-ke wa-sa niⁿ-kʰe-ta (dítteke wasá niⁿkʰetta) - your mother’s brother/black bear/to the one who [JOD]

► ex: iⁿ-kaⁿ ‘di-te-ke wa-sa niⁿ-kʰe ta e-ti da!’ i-ye naⁿ aⁿ-naⁿ-ho-sa naⁿ (įkką́ ‘dítteke wasá niⁿkʰe tta étti dá!’ iyé ną ąną́hosá naⁿ) - my grandmother scolded me and said, ‘go to your uncle, the black bear!’ [JOD]

► Dhegiha: thiⁿ-kʰe-ta (thiⁿkʰéta) - to the sitting animate object, etc. [Omaha/Ponca]

 

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