A
a lot
►
o-she (óše) - plentiful, plenty, a lot
►cf.
o-she-xti (óšexti)
- full; wa-she (wašé) - rich, be rich; ka-wa-she
(kawáše) - make in abundance
►ex:
ma-ze-ska o-she a-niⁿ-niⁿ (mazéska óše anį́ nį) - rich
people (they have a lot of money) [MS]
►Dhegiha:
u-she (ú-she) - plenty, plentiful [FL-Osage];
o-she (óše) - exist plentifully, lots, abundance, plenty,
profusion of something [CQ-Osage]
►
zho-hi (žóhi) - much, many
►cf.
zho-hi ka-xe (žóhi káγe)
- to multiply; zho-hi hi (juhí hi) - very many [JOD]
►ex:
shi-zhi-ka zho-hi hi (šižíka žóhi hi) - family, a lot of
children [MS]
a
►
miⁿ (mį) - one, a, indefinite article
►cf.
miⁿ-xti (mį́xti), mi-a-xti (míaxti) -
one; mi-aⁿ-pa miⁿ (mią́pa mį́) - month, lunar month
►Dhegiha:
wiⁿ (wiⁿ) - one [Omaha/Ponca]; wiⁿ (wiⁿ)
- one, single [FL-Osage]; wiⁿ (wį) - a, an, one,
single, any one, one of a group [CQ-Osage]; miⁿ (miⁿ)
- one, a, an; indefinite article [Kaw]
►
miⁿ-xti (mį́xti),
mi-a-xti (míaxti) - one
►cf.
miⁿ (mį) - one, a, indefinite article; xti (xti)
- very, real, fully
►Dhegiha:
wiⁿ-a-xchi (wiⁿáqchi)
- exactly one; just one [Omaha/Ponca]; wiⁿ-xtsi (wiⁿ́-xtsi)
- one of a kind, a single piece [FL-Osage]; wi-xtsi (wį́xci)
- one, a, an [CQ-Osage]; miⁿ-xtsi (míⁿxci) - one, just
one [Kaw]
abandon
►
oⁿ-de (ǫdé) - throw away, abandon, leave
►
oⁿ-bde (ǫbdé)
- I, oⁿ-te (ǫtté) - you, oⁿ-da-we (ǫ́ǫdawe)
- we
►cf.
ki-oⁿ-de de-de (kiǫ́de déde) - throw something at
someone suddenly; oⁿ-de de-de (ǫ́de déde) - throw away
suddenly
►Dhegiha:
oⁿ-the (ǫ́ǫðe) - throw away, discard, leave behind,
remove, as from office, quit someone, divorce or separate from [CQ-Osage];
oⁿ-ye (óⁿye) - leave, throw away, abandon, forsake
[Kaw] …. oⁿ-tha (oⁿtha) - forsake, abandon, leave,
throw away [Omaha/Ponca]; oⁿ-tha (oⁿtha) - oust,
discard, abandon, discharge, disqualify, desert, abandoned [Omaha];
oⁿ-tha (óⁿ-tha) - to throw away, to dispense
[FL-Osage]; oⁿ-tha (ǫ́ǫða) - throw away, throw, leave
or quit someone, discard someone or something, toss out [CQ-Osage]
►
a-di-o-te (ádiótte) - abandon, leave
►
a-bdi-o-te (ábdiótte) - I, a-ti-o-te (áttiótte)
- you, oⁿ-ka-di-o-ta-we (ǫkádióttawe) - we
►
i-ki-ti-ze (íkittize) - leave, abandon one's own
►
i-da-ki-ti-ze (idákittíze) - I, i-da-ki-ti-ze (ídakittíze)
- you
abdomen
►
o-zi-zi (ozízi) - belly, pubic region of abdomen
►
o-zi-zi (ozízi) - belly [MS]
abominable
►
o-kaⁿ-shi-ka-wa-de (okką́šikáwade) - hateful,
abominable
►cf.
o-kaⁿ-shi-ka (okką́šiká) - hate; o-kaⁿ-shi-kaⁿ
‘oⁿ (okką́šiką́ ʔǫ́) - hateful, be
abound
►
xoⁿ-te-hi o-taⁿ (xǫttéhi ottą́) - Rock Creek, I.T.;
lit. "cedars abound in it"; near Quapaw, OK
►cf.
taⁿ (ttą), toⁿ (ttǫ) - possess, have
►Dhegiha:
tʰoⁿ (tʰoⁿ) - exist, abound, have, possess, to exist,
there is/there are; to abound, to have or possess [Omaha/Ponca];
ʰtoⁿ (ṭoⁿ) - to possess [FL-Osage]; toⁿ (toⁿ)
- have, possess [Kaw]
about
►
a-ta (átta) - about, concerning
above
►
maⁿ-shi (mąší) - upper, upward, heaven
►
maⁿ-shi o-ki o-ti (mą́ši okkí ótti) - church, "house
to talk above"
►cf.
maⁿ-shi hi (mą́ši hí) - high, high up,
incommunicative; maⁿ-shi o-ki (mą́ši okkí) -
Christian, lit.,"talks on high"; maⁿ-shi taⁿ-ka (mąší ttą́ka)
- mountain
►Dhegiha:
moⁿ-shi a-di (moⁿshíadi) - tall, be very tall, extend
from the ground far up into the air [Omaha/Ponca]; moⁿ-shi
a-ha (moⁿshiaha) - high [Omaha]; moⁿ-shi (moⁿ́-shi)
- up above, the arch of heaven, zenith [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-shi (mą́ši)
- be upward or upright [CQ-Osage]; maⁿ-shi (máⁿshi) -
high up, as the sun in the sky [Kaw]; maⁿ-shi-ta (maⁿshíta)
- above, upper, e.g. upper teeth [Kaw]
►
e-ta-kaⁿ-za (ettákkąza) - above, directly, opposite
►cf.
koⁿ-ze (kkǫ́ze), kaⁿ-ze (kką́ze) - equal
in; e-ta-ki-kaⁿ-za (ettákkikką́za) - opposite, even
with, parallel
abrogate
►
di-e-zhi (dieží) - change, alter, abrogate
►
bdi-e-zhi (bdíeži) - I, ti-e-zhi (ttíeži)
- you
►cf.
e-zhi (éži) - another, different; e-zhi-naⁿ-naⁿ
(éžiną́ną) - different things, different
►Dhegiha:
thi-a-zhi (thiazhi) - changed [Omaha]; thi-e-zhi
(thi-é-zhi) - change in plans, to make a change in one’s
plan, or in making of something, to pervert, perversion [FL-Osage];
thu-e-zhi (ðúeži) - change, lit., ‘make different’ [CQ-Osage];
yu-e-zhi (yuézhi) - change, alter something, act or
dress differently [Kaw]
►
i-ye si-ze-ni-ke ka-xe (íye sizénike káγe) - abrogate
►cf.
i-ye (íye) - word, talk, speak; si-ze (síze)
- hard, difficult, to be firm; ni-ke (niké) - none, to
have, be lacking; ka-xe (káγe) - make, do, cause
abundance
►
ka-wa-she (kawáše) - make in abundance
►cf.
wa-she (wašé) - rich, be rich; o-she (óše) -
plentiful, plenty, a lot; o-she-xti (óšexti) - full
►Dhegiha:
wa-she (wacĕ′) - rich [JOD-Omaha]
abuse
►
i-si-si-ke (ísisíke) - mistreat, abuse someone
►cf.
i-si-aⁿ (ísią́) - irritate, pick on; i-si-wa-de
(ísiwáde) - irritate, pick on someone
►Dhegiha:
i-si (í-çi) - to dislike, to hate, to abhor,
repugnance [FL-Osage]; i-si (íisi) - hate, dislike,
detest, abhor, despise [CQ-Osage]; i-si (ísi) - hate,
dislike [Kaw]
►
di-si-si-ke (disísike) - mistreat, abuse
►
bdi-si-si-ke (bdísisike) - I, ti-si-si-ke
(ttísisike) - you
►
di-shi-shi-ke (dišíšike) - mistreat, abuse [MS]
►cf. shi-ke (šíke) - bad, ugly
►ex:
ni-kaⁿ-saⁿ kdaⁿ-ni-ke wa-x′o di-shi-shi-ke [wi]ʰpi-a-we (nikkąsą́
kdąníke waxʔó dišíšike [wi]ʰpiáwe) - sometime they treat a
woman mean, that’s the way they, they do, they say, they, all
soldiers drunk then [MS]
accidentally
►
e-koⁿ-zhi (ekǫ́ži), e-kaⁿ-zhi ka-xe (eką́ži
káγe) - wrong, do accidentally, err
►cf.
e-kaⁿ (eką́), e-koⁿ (ekǫ́) - like, thus,
like that, so; e-kaⁿ xti (ékąxtí), e-koⁿ xti
(ekǫ́xti) - really, just so; zhi (ži) -
negative, not
►Dhegiha:
e-goⁿ-a-zhi (egoⁿazhi) - wrong, illegal, inaccurate,
incorrect, false [Omaha]; e-koⁿ-zhi (ékǫži) - not be
like this or that, be not thus, be otherwise, unseemly,
inappropriate, not right, unsuitable, unfitting, ill-advised, wrong
[CQ-Osage]; e-go-zhi (égozhi) - not like, not so, not
as [Kaw]
accompany
►
zho-kde (žokdé) - with, be with someone
►
zho-a-kde (žoákde) - I, zho-da-kde (žódakde)
- you
►cf.
zho (žo) - with, comitative
►Dhegiha:
zhu-gthe (zhúgthe) - to be with someone [Omaha/Ponca];
zho-gthe (zhó-gthe), zhu-gthe (zhú-gthe)
- to accompany, to go with someone, with him or her [FL-Osage];
zho-le (žóle) - marry, accompany, go with, come with,
date, be in courtship with, lit., ‘be with’ [CQ-Osage]; zho-le
(zhóle) - with, to be with [Kaw]
accord
►
e-wa-zhiⁿ (éwažį) - accord, of its/his/her own
►Dhegiha:
e-wa-zhiⁿ (e-wá-zhiⁿ) - voluntarily, of it’s own
volition [FL-Osage]; e-wa-zhiⁿ (éwažį) - alone, by
oneself, on one’s own [CQ-Osage]; e-wa-zhiⁿ (ewázhiⁿ)
- of it’s own accord, by itself [Kaw] …. e-wa-zhiⁿ noⁿ-ge
(ewázhíⁿ nóⁿge) - steam engine; “what runs by itself”
[Omaha/Ponca]; e-wa-zhiⁿ noⁿ-ge (e-wá-zhiⁿ-noⁿ-ge) -
an automobile, lit., ‘runs of its own volition [FL-Osage];
e-wa-zhiⁿ naⁿ-ke (éwažį ną́ąke) - automobile, car, lit., ‘it
runs by itself’ [CQ-Osage]; e-wa-zhiⁿ naⁿ-ge (ewázhiⁿ náⁿge)
- automobile, train, freight train, lit. “it runs of its own accord”
[Kaw]
accordingly
►
koi-shoⁿ-ta (kóišǫ́ttą), koi-shoⁿ-ta (kóišǫ́tta)
- thus, accordingly, in that way, that way, in, therefore
►cf.
koi-shoⁿ (kóišǫ́) - then, despite, notwithstanding
►ex:
koⁿi-shoⁿ-taⁿ e-ki-zhi bde ta-ni-he (kǫišǫ́ttą ekíži bdé ttánihé)
- so I am going to go somewhere else
ache
►
iⁿ-de (įdé) - ache, hurt
►
iⁿ-te (įté) - to have a pain
►
aⁿ-te (ąté) - I, di-iⁿ-te (díįte) - you,
waⁿ-te-a-we (wą́teáwe) - we
►
iⁿ-de (įdé) - hurt [AG]
►ex:
hi iⁿ-te (hi įté) - toothache, have a toothache
►ex:
moiⁿ-ke iⁿ-te (moį́ke įté) - angina, chest pain(s)
►ex:
o-ki-te iⁿ-te (okkítte įté) - to have rheumatism
►ex:
zho iⁿ-de (jŭ-indeh) - pain (douleur) [GI]
►ex:
pa-hiⁿ-te (ppahį́te) - to have a headache
►ex:
pa-hi iⁿ-te (ppahí įté), pa-hi iⁿ-de (ppahí įdé)
- headache [MS, AG]
►ex:
pa-hi iⁿ-de (ppahí įdé) - I have a headache (to have a
headache, he/she has a headache) [OM]
►ex:
pa-hi aⁿ-de miⁿ-kʰe (ppahí ądé mįkʰé) - I've got a headache
[AG]
►ex:
aⁿ-te (ąté) - hurt me (I'm hurting) [MS]
►ex:
di-sniⁿ-te naⁿ-te pe-te koi (dísnįte ną́tte ppétte koi) -
might burn you, that fire [MS]
acorn
►
pi-de (ppíde) - acorn, acorns of the ta-shka
(ttaška) oak are different
►Dhegiha:
bu-de (búde) - nut, acorn [Omaha/Ponca]
►
pi-de ste-te hi (ppíde stétte hi) - water oak, lit.
"tall acorn tree"
►
pi-de sha hi (ppíde šá hi) - white oak, named for the
color of its acorns
►
ta-shka (ttašká) - acorn of the burr oak
►Dhegiha:
ta-shka (táshka) - acorn [Omaha/Ponca]; ta-shka
(táshka) - acorn [Omaha]
acquire
►
e-kaⁿ-ki-de (eką́kkide) - acquire something for
someone ►
e-kaⁿ-a-ki-de (eką́akkide)
- I, e-kaⁿ-da-ki-de (eką́dakkide) - you
►
o-kʰe-taⁿ (okʰéttą) - acquire, gain, possess
►
o-a-kʰe-taⁿ (oákʰettą) - I, o-da-kʰe-taⁿ
(odákʰettą) - you
►Dhegiha:
u-ke-ta (ukéta), u-ke-toⁿ (ukétoⁿ) -
commit, commemorate, succeed, accomplish [Omaha]; u-kshe-ʰtoⁿ
(u-kshé-ṭoⁿ) - to obtain, to come into possession of, to
win, to gain, to earn, wages, pay, salary, compensation, earnings,
income [FL-Osage]; o-kshe-ʰtaⁿ (okšéʰtą) - gain, earn,
come into possession of, obtain, salary, earnings, gain, winnings
[CQ-Osage]; o-khe-toⁿ (okhétoⁿ) - gain or regain [Kaw]
►
o-ki-kʰe-taⁿ (okkíkʰettą) - acquire for oneself
►Dhegiha:
u-gi-ke-toⁿ (ugiketoⁿ) - earn [Omaha];
u-gi-kshe-ʰtoⁿ (u-gí-kshe-ṭoⁿ) - to regain, to recover one’s
own property [FL-Osage]; o-ki-khe-taⁿ (okíkhetaⁿ) -
recover one another’s property [Kaw]
►
o-ki-kʰe-tʰaⁿ (okíkʰetʰą́) - acquire something
for/from someone ►
o-a-ki-kʰe-taⁿ (oákikʰettą́) - I,
o-da-ki-kʰe-taⁿ (odákikʰettą́) - you
acre
►
ma-zhoⁿ wa-da (mažǫ́ wadá), ma-zhaⁿ wa-da (mažą́
wadá) - acre of land
►cf.
ma-zhaⁿ (mažą́), ma-zhoⁿ (mažǫ́) - land
►
wa-da zhi-ka (wadá žíka) - acre
across
►
kda-kaⁿ (kdákką), kda-kʰaⁿ (kdákʰą) -
crosswise, across
►
ta-ti-o-kda-kʰaⁿ (ttáttiókdakʰą́) - across the wind,
as when a boat tacks
►cf.
ta-ti-oⁿ-he (ttáttiǫ́he), ta-ti-aⁿ-he
(ttáttią́he) - wind
►Dhegiha:
ta-de gtha-kʰoⁿ (tadé gthákʰoⁿ) - across wind, across
the wind, perpendicular to the wind direction [Omaha/Ponca]
►
ma-sa-ni (masáni) - opposite side, on, across; a
horizontal object, a road or river, other terms for 'opposite', all
of which seem to depend on shape
►Dhegiha:
maⁿ-siⁿ-ha (mąsį́ha) - to or on the other side,
opposite [CQ-Osage]; ma-siⁿ (masíⁿ), mo-siⁿ
(mosíⁿ) - other side of something, as a stream, in the
direction of the other side, on one of two sides [Kaw]
►
wa-ki-to (wakítto) - ferry passengers across stream
act
►
o-shkaⁿ (óšką) - act, deed
►Dhegiha:
u-shkoⁿ (úshkoⁿ) - act, deed, custom, business
[Omaha/Ponca]; u-shkoⁿ (ú-shkoⁿ) - disposition,
temperament, habit, custom [FL-Osage]; o-shkaⁿ (óshkaⁿ)
- act, deed, custom [Kaw]
►
o-ta-za ka-xe (óttaza káγe) - right, correct, act
honestly
►cf.
o-ta-za (óttaza) - right, straight, honest;
ka-xe (káγe) - make, do, cause
►Dhegiha:
u-ʰta-za (u-ṭá-ça) - handsome, showy, stateliness,
pretty, comely, pleasing to the sight, satisfying to the sense of
beauty [FL-Osage]; o-ʰta-za (oʰtáza) - good looking,
handsome, beautiful, very pretty [CQ-Osage]
►
niⁿ-de (nį dé) - indicates wrong act
►cf.
niⁿ-kʰe de (nįkʰe dé) - impermissive, done without
permission
active
►
si-si (sisí) - active
►
aⁿ-si-si (ąsísi) - I, di-si-si (disísi)
- you, wa-si-si-we (wasísiwe) - we
►Dhegiha:
si-si (çí-çi) - stalwart, brave, active [FL-Osage];
si-si (sí-si) - strong, energetic, well, healthy
[CQ-Osage]
►
i-ki-si-si (íkisísi) - active, lively, to make one
►
aⁿ-naⁿ-ki-si-si (ąną́kisísi) - I, i-di-ki-si-si
(ídikisísi) - you
accordion
►
wa-kiⁿ-te (wakį́tte) - accordion, fiddle
►
ba-kiⁿ-te (bakį́tte) - play, accordion or violin
►
pa-kiⁿ-te (ppákįtte) - I, shpa-kiⁿ-te (špákįtte)
- you
►cf.
ba-kiⁿto-zha (bakį́ttoža) - fiddle dance, whiteman's
dance; ba-giⁿ-to-zha (bagįttoža) - fiddle dance,
whiteman's dance [OM]
►Dhegiha:
ba-gi-ze (bagíze) - fiddle, creak, squeak, to play the
fiddle, to make a creaking or squeaking sound by pushing
[Omaha/Ponca]; ba-gi-dse (ba-gí-dse) - ba (ba),
an act of pushing; gi-dse (gi-dse), squeak; a fiddle,
ba-gi-dse ke spa-gi-dse ha (ba-gi-dse ke spá-gi-dse ha)
- you play the fiddle [FL-Osage]; pa-ki-tse (paakíce)
- play music on an instrument, musical instrument, piano, music
[CQ-Osage]; ba-gi-je (bagíje) - fiddle, play the
fiddle [Kaw]
adam’s apple
►
to-te ba-xaⁿ (tótte báxą)
- adam's apple
►cf.
to-te (tótte) - throat
►Dhegiha:
do-dse ʰta-xe (dó-dse-ṭa-xe) - adam’s apple, the knob
on the throat [FL-Osage]; do-je ta-xe (dóje taxé) -
adam’s apple [Kaw]
addition
►
a-ka-ha-tsi (ákahátsi) - besides, in addition to, ts-
suggests an Osage word
address
►
bi-te (bitté) - hands, extended to person, address
►
pi-te (ppítte) - I, shpi-te (špítte) -
you
adhere
►
a-da-ska (ádaska) - stick, adhere, as pitch, mud or
snow ►
aⁿ-da-ska (ą́daska) - it sticks to me, naⁿ-pe ti
aⁿ-da-ska (nąpé-tti ą́daska) - it sticks to my hands,
a-di-da-ska (ádidáska) - it sticks to you,
wa-da-ska-we (wádaskáwe) - it sticks to us
►cf.
a-da-ska i-naⁿ-de (ádaska iną́de) - place something,
e.g. paper, in order to make it stick; a-da-ska kniⁿ (ádaska
knį́) - sit close together
►Dhegiha:
we-a-tha-ska ba-the (weatha çka bathe) - paste, glue,
adhesive tape [Omaha]; ska-be (skabe) - sticky, miry,
mushy [Omaha/Ponca]; u-tha-ska-be (utháskabe) - stick,
adhere, to stick fast, as flat object which is glued to another
[Omaha/Ponca]; ska-ska-be (çká-çka-be) - sticky or
miry; muddy [FL-Osage]; ska-be (skábe) - sticky, miry
[Kaw]
►
a-ta-knaⁿ (áttakną) - stick, adhere to
►cf.
we-da-ta-knaⁿ-de (wédattaknąde) - paste, glue;
a-da (áda) - glue on; glue feathers on an arrow cf.
i-da-da (idáda) - glue something to something; knaⁿ
(kną) - set, put si/in; a-knaⁿ (ákną),
a-kdaⁿ (ákdą) - put a singular, sitting, inanimate
(curvilinear-JOD) or cloth, paper, plaster, etc. object upon a
surface
adopt
►
o-ka-xpa ki-de (okáxpakkíde) - be adopted as a Quapaw
►
o-ka-xpa a-ki-de (okáxpa akkíde) - I, o-ka-xpa
da-ki-de (okáxpa dákkide) - you
►Dhegiha:
shi-e-gi-the (shiégithe) - to adopt a person to take
the place of one’s own deceased child, grandchild, nephew, or niece
[Omaha/Ponca]; she-gi-the (shégithe) - adopt [Omaha];
zhiⁿ-ga e-e-gi-ye (zhiⁿgá eégiye) - adopt one as a
child [Kaw]
adult
►
naⁿ-haⁿ (ną́hą), (nąhą́), naⁿ-hoⁿ
(nąhǫ) - old, grown up, mature
►cf.
naⁿ-haⁿ zhi-ka (ną́hą žiká) - girl who has reached
puberty; she-mi naⁿ-haⁿ (šémi ną́hą) - girl, young;
ni-ka naⁿ-haⁿ (níkka ną́hą) - old man, grown man;
naⁿ-hoⁿ-de (nąhǫ́de) - cultivate, bring to maturity;
i-da-te naⁿ-haⁿ (idátte nąhą́) - father's older brother,
man's
►ex:
wa-x'o naⁿ-haⁿ (waxʔó ną́hą) - old lady [MS]
►ex:
iⁿ-da nyoⁿ-hoⁿ (įdanyǫ́hǫ) - aunt, older [OM]
►Dhegiha:
noⁿ-hoⁿ (noⁿ´-hoⁿ) - older person [FL-Osage];
noⁿ-hoⁿ (nóⁿhoⁿ) - adult [Kaw] …. noⁿ (noⁿ) -
adult animal, adult person, elder [Omaha]; noⁿ (noⁿ) -
to mature, to grow, to age [FL-Osage];
noⁿ (nǫ́ǫ) - be old, grow up to adulthood,
mature, adulthood, grownups, adults, old folks, elders in times
past, old ones, advanced age, old age[CQ-Osage]; noⁿ (noⁿ)
- old, mature [Kaw]
►
te-ka naⁿ-haⁿ (ttéka ną́hą) - young, lit., ‘new adult,
recently grown up’
►cf.
te-ka (ttéka)
- new; naⁿ-haⁿ (ną́hą), (nąhą́),
naⁿ-hoⁿ (nąhǫ) - old, grown up, mature
►ex:
te-koⁿ no-ha (te-kon-no-hă) - young [JOD]
►ex:
te-ko no-ha (te-ko-no-hă)
-
young [LH]
►Dhegiha:
ʰtse-ga noⁿ (ṭsé-ga noⁿ) - newly grown, just grown to
maturity [FL-Osage]; ʰtse-ka noⁿ (ʰcéka nǫ́ǫ) -
teenager, young person or young people, children in their teens
(lit., "recently grown-up" or "recently adult") [CQ-Osage];
tse-ga noⁿ (céganoⁿ) - young man [Kaw]
wa-k'o tse-ga noⁿ (wak'ó céganoⁿ)
- young woman, female just grown [Kaw]
►
te-ka noⁿ-hi (ttéka nǫ́hi) - young, lit., ‘reached
adult, arrived at adulthood’
►cf.
te-ka (ttéka)
- new; noⁿ (noⁿ), naⁿ (naⁿ) - old;
hi (hi) - arrive, reach there, have been
►ex:
te-ke noⁿ-hi (ttéke nǫ́hi) - young [OM]
►Dhegiha:
noⁿ-hi (noⁿ-hí)
- senility, reaches mature age [FL-Osage];
noⁿ-hi (nǫǫhí),
noⁿ a-hi (nǫ́ǫ ahí) - grow up, reach maturity, lit.,
‘arrive at adulthood’ [CQ-Osage]
advance
►
e-to-ha (ettóha) - ahead, in front, in advance
►cf.
e-to-ka-xde (ettókaxde) - facing in that direction,
e-ta+o-ka-xde (etta+okaxde)
►Dhegiha:
e-ʰta-ha (éʰtaha) - toward [CQ-Osage]; e-ta-ha (étaha)
- there, over there, thither [Kaw]
adze
►
iⁿ-spe xa-taⁿ (į́spe xáttą) - adze made of iron
►cf.
iⁿ-spe (į́spe, įspé) - axe; iⁿ-spe
zhi-ka (į́spe žíka) - hatchet
affection
►
wa-pi-de (wappíde) - love or affection [OM]
►
wa-pi-de (wâ-pĭ-te)
- love, affection [LH]
►cf.
pi-de (ppíde) - love, as a woman does a man
►Dhegiha:
wa-pi-the (wa-pí-the) - to love [FL-Osage];
pi-the (pí-the) - the love of a woman for a man or boy
[FL-Osage]; pi-ye (píye) - love a man, said of a woman
[Kaw]
afraid
►
naⁿ-pe (ną́ppe), noⁿ-pe (nǫ́ppe) - to
fear the sight of something
►
naⁿ-a-pe (ną́appe)
- I, naⁿ-da-pe (nądappe) - you, naⁿ-oⁿ-pa-we
(ną́ǫppawe) - we
►cf.
noⁿ-pe-wa-de (nǫ́ppewade) - dangerous; maⁿ
naⁿpa-zhi (maⁿ´naⁿ-pá-ji) - He fears not Arrows; masc. name
[JOD]
►Dhegiha:
wa-noⁿ-pe (wanoⁿpe) - fear [Omaha]; noⁿ-ʰpe
(nóⁿ-p̣e) - to fear, to dread, to have a horror, to be
afraid, to be timid [FL-Osage]; noⁿ-ʰpe (nǫ́ǫʰpe) - be
afraid or scared, fear [CQ-Osage]; noⁿ-pe (nóⁿpe) - be
afraid of what is visible [Kaw]
►
koi-he (koíhe) - fearful, insecure
►
aⁿ-koi-he
(ąkóihe)
- I, di-koi-he (dikóihe) - you, wa-koi-wa-he
(wakoiwahe) - we
►cf.
koi-he-wa-de (koíhewáde) - fearful, inspiring fear
►Dhegiha:
ku-he (kúhe) - to feel insecure, to dread an unseen or
uncertain danger, to be apprehensive, fear [Omaha/Ponca];
gu-he (gúhe) - be afraid at night [Omaha]; ko-i-pshe
(kó-i-pshe) - to fear, as the fear of some unseen danger,
misgiving, a feeling of doubt [FL-Osage]
►
na-xi-da (naγida) - scared, to be
►
aⁿ-na-xi-da (ąnáγida) - I, di-na-xi-da
(dináγida) - you
►cf.
di-na-xi-da (dináxida) - scare, frighten
►Dhegiha:
noⁿ-xi-tha (noⁿxitha) - scare [Omaha]; xi-tha
(qítha) - through fear of failure, reluctant, doubtful, to
hate to undertake, to think that someone will not answer for the
purpose [Omaha/Ponca]; xi-tha (xi-thá) - lack of
confidence [FL-Osage]; ʰki-xi-tha (ʰkíxiða) - despair,
mistrust oneself, not trust oneself, doubt oneself, give up
[CQ-Osage]
African American
►
i-shta-xi sha (ištáxi šá) - negro, lit., "dark
whiteman"
►
i-shta-xi sha (ištáxi šá) - African American, negro
[MS, MR]
►
i-sta-ge sha (istáge šá) - African American, negro
[OM]
►cf.
i-shta-xe (ištáxe) - Frenchman, whiteman; sha
(ša) - dark, indistinct black
►Dhegiha:
iⁿ-shta-xiⁿ (iⁿ-shtá-xiⁿ) - yellow eyes, a white man
[FL-Osage]; iⁿ-shta-xiⁿ (įįštáxįį) - white person,
French person, Canadian or English person, light eyes, gray, brown,
or yellow eyes [CQ-Osage]; i-shta-xe (ishtáxe) - white
man, Frenchman, eyebrows [Kaw] …. sha-be (shábe) -
dark [Omaha/Ponca]; sha-be (shá-be) - dark in color
[FL-Osage]; sha-pe (šápe) - dark in color, shaded,
darkened [CQ-Osage]; sha-be (shábe) - dark, shadowy,
distant black, brown [Kaw]
after another
►
a-ki-kde-kde (ákkikdekde) - one after another in quick
succession, e.g. shots, events, indirectly, not even second hand
►ex:
a-ki-kde-kde ki-te (ákkikdekde kkítte) - to shoot at in
quick succession, fire a volley
►ex:
a-ki-kde-kde a-na-x’oⁿ (ákkikdekde anáxʔǫ) - I heard it
indirectly
afternoon
►
hoⁿ-be ka-bni-da (hǫbé kabnída) - afternoon
►cf.
haⁿ-ba (hą́ba), hoⁿ-ba (hǫ́ba),
hoⁿ-pa (hǫ́pa), haⁿ-pa (hą́pa) - day, daytime;
ka-bni-da (kabnída) - knock around, turn by hitting
afterward
►
a-shi-oⁿ-he-taⁿ (ášiǫhéttą) - later, afterward
►cf.
a-shi-oⁿ-he (ášiǫhe) - last of a party or series
►ex:
di-taⁿ-niⁿ e-ti da a-shi-oⁿ-he-taⁿ she-ta pi te (díttąnį étti dá
ášiǫhéttą šétta ppi tte) - you go there first, and I will
join you later on
►ex:
a-shi-oⁿ-he-taⁿ she-taⁿ oⁿ-ka-hi taⁿ-ka-tʰaⁿ (ášiǫhéttą šétta ǫkáhi
ttąkatʰą́ [tta ǫkatʰą́]) - later on, we will reach there
(where you are)
►ex:
a-shi-oⁿ-he o-ki-si-kde (ášiǫhé ókisikdé) - walk in
the trail of another (made long ago)
again
►
shi (ši) - again, and, also
►Dhegiha:
shi (shi) - and, and then, again [Omaha/Ponca];
shi (shi) - again, and [FL-Osage]; shi (ši) -
again, more [CQ-Osage]; shi (shi) - again, and [Kaw]
►
shi-naⁿ (šíną), shi-noⁿ (šínǫ) - again,
over and over, repeatedly [JOD]
►cf.
shi (ši) - again, and, also; naⁿ (ną),
noⁿ (nǫ) - habitual postclitic
►ex:
shi-naⁿ kdi hne (šíną kdi hné) - come back again (request)
[MS]
►ex:
shi-noⁿ kjhi (šínǫ kǰi) - comeback again [AG)]
►ex:
jhi-e shi-noⁿ kjhi (ǰíe šínǫ kǰí) - you come back again [AG]
►ex:
shi-naⁿ za-ni kdi hne (šíną zaní kdi hné) - everybody come
back again (request) [MS]
►ex:
shi-naⁿ o-zha kdi hne za-ni (šíną óža kdi hné zaní) - you
(all) come back again and dance [MS]
►ex:
shi-naⁿ aⁿ-ki-toiⁿ tʰi hne (shi-naⁿ aⁿ-ki-toiⁿ tʰi hne (šíną ąkitoį
tʰi hné) - come back and see me again (request) [MS]
►ex:
shi-naⁿ ka-saⁿ-niⁿ a-kdi ta miⁿ-kʰe (šíną kasą́nį akdí tta mįkʰé)
- I'll come back tomorrow [MS]
►ex:
shi-noⁿ i-ta-de ta niⁿ-kʰe (šínǫ íttade tta nįkʰé) - they're
going to have another baby [AG]
►Dhegiha:
shi-noⁿ (shí-noⁿ) - again and again [FL-Osage];
shi-naⁿ (šíną) - over and over, again and again, keep on,
continue to do a thing [CQ-Osage]
►
i-naⁿ-paⁿ (ínąpą́), i-naⁿ-baⁿ (ínąbą́) -
second time, again
►cf.
naⁿ-pa (ną́pa), noⁿ-pa (nǫ́pa),
noⁿ-ba (nǫ́ba) - two
►Dhegiha:
i-thoⁿ-boⁿ (i-thóⁿ-boⁿ) - a second time, again
[FL-Osage]; i-yoⁿ-ba (íyoⁿba) - second time, again
[Kaw]
against
►
ki-maⁿ-haⁿ (kímąhą) - against the wind or current
►cf.
ki-maⁿ-haⁿ o-ka-xde (kkímąhą okáxde) - face upstream,
face the wind; i-maⁿ-ha (imąha) - Imaha, a Quapaw
village, the 'up river' Quapaw village
►Dhegiha:
ki-moⁿ-hoⁿ (kimoⁿhoⁿ) - go against [Omaha];
ʰki-moⁿ-hoⁿ (ḳí-moⁿ-hoⁿ) - to face the wind, against the
wind, current or upstream, windward [FL-Osage]; ki-maⁿ-haⁿ
(kímaⁿhaⁿ) - against the current or wind, upstream [Kaw]
aged
►
sh'a-ke (jakeh) - old, elderly, aged (vieux) [GI]
►
sh'a-ke hi (šʔáke hí) - old, aged (very)
►cf.
sh′a-ke hi (šʔakée hí), (šʔaké hí) - old man, elder;
sh′a-ke xti (šʔáke xtí) - elders, the very old people
►Dhegiha:
te sh′a-ge (tésh'age) - old buffalo [Omaha];
iⁿ-sha-ge (iⁿshage) - old man, elder [Omaha]; ʰts′a-ge
(ṭs′a-gé) - old age, a term applied to people and horses,
father-in-law [FL-Osage]; ts′a-ke (cʔáke) - my
father-in-law, used by a man addressing or referring to his wife's
father, used by anyone referring to a man's father-in-law
[CQ-Osage]; ts′a-ge (ts'áge) - old man, father-in-law,
be unable for lack of time, fail [Kaw]; ts′a-ge zhiⁿ-ga
(ts'áge zhíⁿga), ts′a-ge hiⁿ-ga (ts'ágehiⁿga) - be old, an
old man, a venerable man, an ancestor, elder, one of the ancients or
supernatural beings, hence, applied to the deities [Kaw]
►
naⁿ-haⁿ (ną́hą), (nąhą́), naⁿ-hoⁿ (nąhǫ),
naⁿ-haⁿ - old, grown up, mature
►cf.
ni-ka naⁿ-haⁿ (níkka ną́hą) - old man, grown man;
naⁿ-hoⁿ-de (nąhǫ́de) - cultivate, bring to maturity;
i-da-te naⁿ-haⁿ (idátte nąhą́) - father's older brother,
man's
►ex:
wa-x'o naⁿ-haⁿ (waxʔó ną́hą) - old lady [MS]
►ex:
iⁿ-da nyoⁿ-hoⁿ (įdanyǫ́hǫ) - aunt, older [OM]
►Dhegiha:
noⁿ-hoⁿ (noⁿ´-hoⁿ) - older person [FL-Osage];
noⁿ-hoⁿ (nóⁿhoⁿ) - adult [Kaw] …. noⁿ (noⁿ) -
adult animal, adult person, elder [Omaha]; noⁿ (noⁿ) -
to mature, to grow, to age [FL-Osage];
noⁿ (nǫ́ǫ) - be old, grow up to adulthood,
mature, adulthood, grownups, adults, old folks, elders in times
past, old ones, advanced age, old age[CQ-Osage]; noⁿ (noⁿ)
- old, mature [Kaw]
►
wa-x’o zhi-ka hi (waxʔóžiká hi) - woman, aged
►cf.
wa-x’o zhi-ka (waxʔóžiká) - woman, old, old female
animal, little old lady
agency
►
pa-saⁿ-ta (pásątta) - Pine Bluff, Quapaw Agency, IT
►cf.
pa-saⁿ (pásą) - pine; pa-saⁿ hi (pasąhi)
- pine tree; toⁿ (ttǫ), taⁿ (ttą) -
town, contraction of taⁿ-waⁿ (ttą́wą)
agent
►
wa-jhi-ni ka-hi-ke (waǰíni kahike) - President; Indian
agent
►
wa-jhi-ni ga-hi-ge (waǰíni gahíge) - President, Indian
Agent [OM]
►cf.
wa-jhi-ni (waǰíni) - white people, white man, white
race [MS, MR, OM]; ka-hi-ke (kahíke), ga-hi-ge
(gahíge) - chief
ago
►
ti-aⁿ-he (ttią́he) - long ago
►
a-shi-oⁿ-he o-ki-si-kde (ášiǫhé ókisikdé) - walk in
the trail of another (made long ago)]
►
di-o-za (dióza) - just now, a short time ago
ahead
►
e-to-ha (ettóha) - ahead, in front, in advance
►cf.
e-to-ka-xde (ettókaxde) - facing in that direction,
e-ta+o-ka-xde (etta+okaxde)
►Dhegiha:
e-ʰta-ha (éʰtaha) - toward [CQ-Osage]; e-ta-ha (étaha)
- there, over there, thither [Kaw]
aid
►
i-na-zhiⁿ (ínažį) - stand by, support or aid someone
►
i-da-na-zhiⁿ (idánažį́) - I, i-da-na-zhiⁿ
(ídanážį) - you
►cf.
na-zhiⁿ (nažį́) - stand
►Dhegiha:
i-gi-noⁿ-zhiⁿ (í-gi-noⁿ-zhiⁿ) - to depend on someone
[FL-Osage]; i-ki-na-zhi (íkinaazhi) - depend on, count
on, rely on, lit., ‘ stand with another’ [CQ-Osage]
►
o-ki-kaⁿ (okíkką) - help someone
►
o-a-kaⁿ (óakką) - I, o-da-kaⁿ (ódakką) -
you
►ex:
o-ki-kaⁿ (okíkką) - help someone [OM]
►ex:
wi-ki-kaⁿ ta (wi-gi-kun-tâ) - I will help you [LH]
►Dhegiha:
o-ki-ʰkaⁿ (okíʰką) - help one's own relative [CQ-Osage];
o-ki-ʰkaⁿ (okíʰką) - help another who is not a relative
[CQ-Osage] …. o-ʰkaⁿ (óʰką) - help, help someone with
a task, assist, aid [CQ-Osage] …. u-wa-koⁿ (úwakoⁿ) -
help, to help them [Omaha/Ponca]; o-wa-kaⁿ (ówakaⁿ) -
help, to help someone [Kaw] …. u-wa-gi-koⁿ (úwagikóⁿ)
- aid, help, to help them or us, to aid more than one person
[Omaha/Ponca]
►
o-ki-kaⁿ (ókkikką́) - help each other
►
o-a-ki-kaⁿ (oákkikką́) - I, o-da-ki-kaⁿ
(odákkikką́) - you
aim
►
a-di-taⁿ (ádittą) - aim at something
►
a-bdi-taⁿ (ábdittą) - I, a-ti-taⁿ (áttittą)
- you, oⁿ-ka-di-taⁿ-we (ǫkádittąwe) - we
►cf.
di-taⁿ (dittą́), maⁿ-te di-taⁿ (mą́tte dittą́)
- pull a bowstring; di-taⁿ (dittą́) - feel, touch
something; a-ki-di-taⁿ (ákkidittą́) - pull, as a rope
►ex:
ma-ze a-di-taⁿ (máze ádittą) - aim a gun, aim at with
a gun
►ex:
maⁿ a-di-taⁿ (mą́ ádittą) - to aim at with a bow
►Dhegiha:
a-thi-doⁿ (á-thi-doⁿ) - to pull on, to pull over one,
as a blanket, to shut as a door [FL-Osage]; a-thi-ʰtaⁿ
(áðiiʰtą) - close by grasping [CQ-Osage]; a-yu-taⁿ
(áyutaⁿ) - feel something with the hands or feel for one
thing that is under another [Kaw] …. thi-tʰoⁿ (thitʰóⁿ)
- touch, feel [Omaha/Ponca]; thi-doⁿ (thi-dóⁿ) - to
pull with the hands, to tug [FL-Osage]; thi-ʰtoⁿ (thi-ṭoⁿ)
- to touch with the hand, to feel, to touch [FL-Osage];
thi-ʰtaⁿ (ðiiʰtą́) - grasp, touch with the hand, feel
someone or something, handle, knead, work something with the hand
[CQ-Osage]; yu-taⁿ (yutáⁿ) - touch, feel with the
hands, treat, palpate, work on with the hands [Kaw]
alcohol
►
ni shi-ke (ni šíke) - whiskey, lit., "bad water"
►
ni shi-ke (ni šíke) - whiskey [MS, AG, MW, OM]
►cf.
ni (ni) - water, liquid, stream, lake; shi-ke
(šíke) - bad, ugly
►
te-ska te-zhe-ni (tteská téženi) - beer [OM]
►cf.
te-ska (tteská) - cow, domestic cattle, "bison +
white"; te-zhe-ni (téženi) - urine
►Dhegiha:
ka-wa tse-zhe-ni (ʰkáwaceženii) - beer, lit., ‘horse
urine’ [CQ-Osage]
►
ha-zi ni (hazíni) - wine, grape juice
►
ha-zi ni (hah-zinnih) - wine (vin) [GI]
►cf.
ha-zi (házi) - grape; ni (ni) - water,
liquid, stream, lake
►Dhegiha:
ha-zi ni (haçini) - wine [Omaha]; ha-zi ni
(há-çi-ni) - juice of grapes, wine [FL-Osage]; ha-zu
ni (háazunii) - grape juice [CQ-Osage]
►
zhoⁿ ni (jonnih) - rum, bourbon (rum) [GI]
►
zhoⁿ ni (jōn-nīh) - water of life, brandy (eau de vie)
[GI]
►cf.
zhoⁿ ni (žǫní), zhaⁿ ni (žąní) - maple
sugar, "tree sap"
►Dhegiha:
zhoⁿ ni (zhoⁿní) - sugar, syrup, honey, “wood water,
wood sap” [Omaha/Ponca]; zhoⁿ-ni (zhoⁿni) - sap,
candy, fudge, sugar [Omaha]; zhaⁿ ni (žąąníi) - sugar,
lit., ‘tree water’, originally referring to maple sap or syrup
[CQ-Osage]; zhaⁿ ni (zhaⁿní) - sugar, lit., “tree
liquid”, a reference to maple sap [Kaw]
alike
►
koⁿ-ze e-koⁿ (kkǫ́ze ekǫ), koⁿ-ze a-kaⁿ (kkǫ́ze
áką) - similar, alike, Quapaw should have e-kaⁿ (eką),
e-koⁿ (ekǫ) - like
►cf.
koⁿ-ze (kkǫ́ze), kaⁿ-ze (kką́ze) - equal
in; e-kaⁿ (eką́), e-koⁿ (ekǫ́) - like,
thus, like that, so
►Dhegiha:
goⁿ-ze-go (goⁿ-çé-goⁿ) - alike in appearance, similar,
uniform [FL-Osage]; koⁿ-ze-koⁿ (kǫzékǫ) - be the same
as or like another, like, similar to or identical to [CQ-Osage];
koⁿ-ze e-koⁿ (k͓ŭⁿ´-s͓e é-k͓ŭⁿ) - alike, resembling
something else referred to [JOD-Osage]; go-ze e-go (góze égo)
- alike, resembling something [Kaw]
alive
►
ni (ni) - alive, conscious
►ex:
ni-de (níde) - save a life, cause to live
►Dhegiha:
ni (ni) - to exist, to live [FL-Osage]; ni (ní)
- live, be alive, be living, be well or all right, be in good health
[CQ-Osage]; ni (ni) - live, to be alive [Kaw]
►
ni tʰaⁿ, ni toⁿ (ni-ton) - life,
existence (vie) [GI]
►cf.
ni (ni) - alive, conscious; tʰaⁿ (tʰą) -
3sg standing continuative auxiliary; taⁿ (ttą),
toⁿ (ttǫ) - possess, have
►Dhegiha:
ni ta (níta) - alive, life [Omaha]
►
ni o-kniⁿ (ni-unkani) - live, exist (vivre) [GI]
►cf.
ni (ni) - alive, conscious; o-kniⁿ (oknį́)
- sit in, dwell in, live in
►
ti-ta (tittá) - live, be alive
►
aⁿ-ti-ta (ą́titta) - I, di-ti-ta (dítitta)
- you
all
►
za-ni (zaní) - all, all of the
►
za-ni (zaní) - all [AB]
►cf.
za-ni hi (zaníhi) - every single one
►ex:
ni-ka-shi-ka za-ni hi a-shi-ti kda-naⁿ-we i-ya (níkkašika zaní
hi ášitti kdánąwe iyá) - all of the people went again from
the interior of the hill, it is said
►ex:
e za-ni zhaⁿ iⁿ-ke (é zaní žą́ įké) - they all
reclining
►ex:
za-ni o-zha ki-we (zaní óža kiwé) - everybody come
dance [MS]
►ex:
o-zha za-ni ki-wa-we (óža zaní kiwawe) - everybody
come dance [MS]
►ex:
shi-naⁿ o-zha kdi hne za-ni (šíną óža kdi hné zaní) -
you (all) come back again and dance [MS]
►ex:
shi-naⁿ za-ni kdi hne (šíną zaní kdi hné) - everybody
come back again (request) [MS]
►ex:
aⁿ-ba o-zha hne za-ni (ą́ba óža hné zaní) - whole
bunch of them dance all night (request) [MS]
►Dhegiha:
za-ni (zaní) - all [Omaha/Ponca]; za-ni (ça-ní)
- all, everything, everybody [FL-Osage]; za-ni (záani)
- whole, all, everyone, everybody [CQ-Osage]; za-niⁿ (zaníⁿ)
- all everybody or everything [Kaw]
►
i-za-ni (ízani) - all [AG]
►ex:
i-za-ni oⁿ-ka-kdi wa-naⁿ-bde shkoⁿ-ta
(ízani ǫkákdi waną́bde škǫttá) - come on, all of you, if you
want to eat [AG]
►ex:
e-che-zha, i-za-ni i-shpa-hoⁿ ni-kʰa-she (eččéža, ízaní íšpahǫ
níkʰáše) - goodness, you all that understand [AG]
alligator
►
wa-kdi-ska taⁿ-ka (wakdíška ttą́ka) - alligator,
"large reptile"
►
wa-kdi-shka taⁿ-ka (wakdíška ttą́ka) - alligator [MS]
►Dhegiha:
wa-gthi-ska hi du-ba (wagthiska hi duba) - lizard,
reptile, four legged reptile [Omaha/Ponca]; wa-gthi-shka hi
du-ba (wagthishka hi duba) - lizard, salamander, alligator
[Omaha]; wa-gthi-shka hi du-ba toⁿ-ga (wagthishka hi duba
toⁿga) - crocodile [Omaha]
almost
►
haⁿ-ke (hą́ke) - nearly, almost
►ex:
pa-ze-de haⁿ-ke (ppázedé hąké) - it's almost dark [MS]
►ex:
pa-zi de haⁿ-ke (ppázi dé hąké) - nearly night
►ex:
hoⁿ-ba i-haⁿ-ke (hǫba ihąke) - morning, forenoon
►ex:
miⁿ haⁿ-p[a]e-haⁿ-ke (mį́ hąpéhąké) - nearly noon
►ex:
haⁿ-b[a]e-haⁿ-ke taⁿ (hąbéhąkéttą) - forenoon, in or
during
►ex:
haⁿ-pa haⁿ-ke te (hą́pa hą́kette) - nearly day
►ex:
haⁿ-ba haⁿ-ke te (hą́ba hą́kette) - dawn, nearly
►
i-hi-zhi (íhiži) - almost, not quite
►cf.
i-hi (ihí) - arrive, reach the place; zhi (ži)
- negative, not
alone
►
naⁿ-hi (nąhí) - alone, all alone
►cf.
e-naⁿ (éną), e-naⁿ-hi (enąhí) - only
that, him, her, it
►
naⁿ iⁿ-te (ną́įtte) - only, alone
►
wi-naⁿ (wíną), wi-e-naⁿ (wíeną́) - I,
only I, I alone
►Dhegiha:
wi-noⁿ (wínoⁿ) - only I [Omaha/Ponca]; wi-naⁿ
(wíną) - only I [CQ-Osage]
►
di-naⁿ (díną) - you only
►Dhegiha:
thi-e noⁿ (thi-e noⁿ) - yourself [FL-Osage];
thi-naⁿ (ðíną) - only you [CQ-Osage]
►
e-naⁿ (éną), e-naⁿ-hi (enąhí) - only
that, him, her, it
►ex:
e-naⁿ mi te-xi (éną mi ttéxi) - The Only Precious,
Difficult One, female personal name [OM]
►ex:
wa-jhi-ni kde ta zho-zhi-te e-naⁿ o-zha-wi koⁿ-bda (waǰíni kdé
tta žožítte éną óžawi kkǫbdá) - you white people go home and
us Indians dance all night (when the white people go home, I want
just us Indians to dance) [MS]
►Dhegiha:
e-naⁿ (enaⁿ´) - that only [JOD-Omaha]; e-noⁿ
(e-noⁿ´) - only one, sole, exclusive [FL-Osage]; e-na
(eená), e-naⁿ (eeną́) - be the only one, that
only, therefore, that's why, enough [CQ-Osage]; hnaⁿ e (hnaⁿ
é) - alone, only, just [Kaw]
►
oⁿ-ko-naⁿ (ǫkóną) - we, only, only us
►Dhegiha:
aⁿ-ko-naⁿ (ąkóną) - only we [CQ-Osage]
along
►
a-pa-kda (ápakda) - along
►
a-ba-knaⁿ-ta (ábaknątta) - along, beside, by
►ex: iⁿ a-ba-knaⁿ-ta (į́ ábaknątta) - by a stone
►ex: ni a-ba-knaⁿ-ta bde (ni ábaknątta bdé) - I go
along the stream
also
►
ta (ttá) - also, too, and
►
wi-e-hoⁿ (wíehǫ) - I, I too, me too, as for me
►
wi-e-hoⁿ (wíehǫ) - me too [OM]
►ex:
aⁿ-ka-shi-ka wi-e-hoⁿ o-wa-kaⁿ-shi-ka, wa-jhi-ni (ąkką́šiká
wíehǫ owákką́šiká waǰíni) - he (white man) don't like me and
I don't like him either [MS]
►
di-e-hoⁿ (díehǫ) - you too
►
e-hoⁿ (ehǫ́) - it, he, she, too
►
e-naⁿ-pa (énąpa) - both, that one too
►Dhegiha:
e-thoⁿ-ba (é-thoⁿ-ba) - he also [FL-Osage];
e-thoⁿ-pa (éeðǫǫpa) - group including just mentioned
individual(s), can sometimes be translated as ‘both’, ‘all’, ‘and
another’, and others’ or as ‘and I’ when followed by a verb with 1st
pl. inflection [CQ-Osage]; e-yoⁿ-ba (éyoⁿba) - both,
too, also, and (used with nouns) [Kaw]
►
naⁿ-pa (ną́pa), e-naⁿ-pa (énąpa) - both,
also, too
►cf.
e (e) - that, he, she, it, aforementioned;
naⁿ-pa (ną́pa), noⁿ-pa (nǫ́pa), noⁿ-ba
(nǫ́ba) - two
alter
►
di-e-zhi (dieží) - change, alter, abrogate
►
bdi-e-zhi (bdíeži) - I, ti-e-zhi (ttíeži)
- you
►cf.
e-zhi (éži) - another, different; e-zhi-naⁿ-naⁿ
(éžiną́ną) - different things, different
►Dhegiha:
thi-a-zhi (thiazhi) - changed [Omaha]; thi-e-zhi
(thi-é-zhi) - change in plans, to make a change in one’s
plan, or in making of something, to pervert, perversion [FL-Osage];
thu-e-zhi (ðúeži) - change, lit., ‘make different’
[CQ-Osage]; yu-e-zhi (yuézhi) - change, alter
something, act or dress differently [Kaw]
►
i-ye si-ze-ni-ke ka-xe (íye sizénike káγe) - abrogate
►cf.
i-ye (íye) - word, talk, speak; si-ze (síze)
- hard, difficult, to be firm; ni-ke (niké) - none, to
have, be lacking; ka-xe (káγe) - make, do, cause
although
►
e-ni-te (énitte) - although, though
►
ni-tʰe (nitʰé) - conditional, perfect, although
►ex: a-tʰaⁿ-te bdo-ka
aⁿkda-xti naⁿ ni-tʰe (atʰą́tte bdóka ą́kdaxti ną́ nitʰé) - I
have suffered exceedingly all the time
always
►
shoⁿ-zho-ki-de (šǫžókide), shoⁿ-zhoⁿ-ki-de
(šǫžǫ́kide) - always, ever, never
►Dhegiha:
shoⁿ-shoⁿ (shóⁿshoⁿ) - always, ever, unceasing,
enduring [Omaha/Ponca]; shoⁿ-shoⁿ (shóⁿ-shoⁿ),
shoⁿ-shoⁿ-e (shóⁿ-shoⁿ-e) - forever, always, without
stopping [FL-Osage]; shoⁿ-shoⁿ (šǫ́šǫ),
shoⁿ-shoⁿ-we (šǫ́šǫwe) - always, forever, during that time,
refers to something going on and on through time, uninterruptedly
[CQ-Osage]; shoⁿ-shoⁿ (shóⁿshoⁿ) - always, ever,
continually [Kaw]
►
i-ki-he (ikihé) - always, incessantly
►Dhegiha:
i-gi-ha (í-gi-ha) - always, ever, often, frequent,
incessant [FL-Osage]; i-ki-ha (íkiha) - always,
repeatedly [CQ-Osage]; i-gi-ha (ígiha) - always, ever,
without stopping [Kaw]
►
shtaⁿ (štą) - habitual aspect suffix
►ex:
i-ye-shtaⁿ (íyeštą́) - talker, loquacious person
►ex:
wa-maⁿ-da-shtaⁿ (wamą́daštą́) - thief, who steals
habitually
►Dhegiha:
shtoⁿ (shtoⁿ) - in the habit of, habitually,
constantly [FL-Osage]; shtaⁿ (štą) - all the time,
incessantly, always, a lot, constantly, continually, keep on doing
something [CQ-Osage]; shtaⁿ (shtaⁿ) - habitual aspect
suffix or postclitic [Kaw]
►
naⁿ (ną), noⁿ (nǫ) - habitual
postclitic, used with verbs and classifiers
►ex:
bda-taⁿ naⁿ (bdattą́ ną) - I drink, I'm a drunkard
►ex:
ta-taⁿ naⁿ (ttattą́ ną) - you drink, you're a drunkard
►ex:
a-tʰaⁿ-te bdo-ka aⁿkda-xti naⁿ ni-tʰe (atʰą́tte bdóka ą́kdaxti
ną́ nitʰé) - I have suffered exceedingly all the time
►Dhegiha:
noⁿ (noⁿ) - usually, customarily [FL-Osage]; naⁿ
(ną), noⁿ (nǫ) - always, repeatedly,
habitually, customarily, usually, recurringly, continually, continue
to, used to [CQ-Osage]; hnaⁿ (hnaⁿ) - habitual aspect,
usually, always, generally [Kaw]
am
►
miⁿ-kʰe (mįkʰé) - 1sg continuative auxiliary sitting
and lying, ‘I’
►ex:
bda-taⁿ miⁿ-kʰe (bdattą́ mįkʰé) - I am drinking
►ex:
ha-t'e miⁿ-kʰe (hátʔe mįkʰé) - I'm sick [MS]
►ex:
i-ka-pʰe o-a-te miⁿ-kʰe (íkapʰe oátte mįkʰé) - looking
for old comb (I'm looking for a comb) [MS]
►ex:
o-wi-ki ta miⁿ-kʰe she-to da-bniⁿ aⁿ-ki-shte,
uh, she-mi she-to aⁿ-niⁿ-ke (owikki tta mįkʰé šétto dábnį ą́kišté,
uh, semi šétto ąníke) - I'm going to tell you something, I
only have three boys still alive, I have already lost a boy and a
girl [MS]
►ex:
hi-da ta miⁿ-kʰe (hidá ta mįkʰé) - I'm going swimming
[AG, OM]
►ex:
to-zhoⁿ-ke bda-tʰe miⁿ-kʰe (tožǫ́ke bdátʰe mįkʰé) -
I'm eating a banana [MS]
►ex:
i-ka-pʰe o-a-te miⁿ-kʰe (íkapʰe oátte mįkʰé) - looking
for old comb (I'm looking for a comb) [MS]
►Dhegiha:
miⁿ-kʰe (miⁿkʰe) - 1sg aux [JOD-Omaha]; miⁿ-kshe
(miⁿ-kshe) - I who sit here [FL-Osage]; miⁿ-kshe
(mįkšé) - continuative aspect postverbal marker (indicating
ongoing action or state in present, past, or future time) for 1st
sg. sitting or lying down subject [CQ-Osage]; miⁿ-khe (miⁿkhé)
- I, while sitting [Kaw]
►
a-tʰą-he (atʰąhé) - 1sg continuative auxiliary
standing, ‘I’
►ex:
wi-e a-tʰaⁿ-he (wiĭ atohe) - I am [LH]
►Dhegiha:
a-toⁿ-he (a-toⁿ-he) - I stand [FL-Osage];
aⁿ-txaⁿ-he (ątxąhé) - continuative aspect postverbal marker
(indicating ongoing action or state in present or past time) for
standing 1st sg. subject [CQ-Osage]; a-kha-he
(akháhe) - I, while standing [Kaw]
►
a-ni-he (ánihé) - 1sg continuative auxiliary moving,
‘I’
►ex:
koⁿi-shoⁿ-taⁿ e-ki-zhi bde ta-ni-he (kǫišǫ́ttą ekíži bdé
tt[a]ánihé) - So I am going to go somewhere else
►Dhegiha:
a-thiⁿ-he (a-thíⁿ he) - in my life movements
[FL-Osage]; aⁿ-thiⁿ-he (ąðįhé) - continuative aspect
postverbal marker (indicating ongoing action or state in present or
past time) for moving 1st sg. subject [CQ-Osage];
a-yi-he (ayihé) - I, while moving [Kaw]
►
naⁿ (ną), noⁿ (nǫ) - habitual postclitic
►ex:
bda-taⁿ naⁿ (bdattą́ ną) - I drink, I'm a drunkard
►Dhegiha:
noⁿ (noⁿ) - usually, customarily [FL-Osage]; naⁿ
(ną), noⁿ (nǫ) - always, repeatedly,
habitually, customarily, usually, recurringly, continually, continue
to, used to [CQ-Osage]; hnaⁿ (hnaⁿ) - habitual aspect,
usually, always, generally [Kaw]
►
niⁿ (nį), (nyį) - be in a location,
exist ►
bniⁿ (bnį́) - I, tiⁿ (ttį́) - you
►ex:
dedótą bniⁿ (d¢ed¢útaⁿ p͓níⁿ), déketitaⁿ bniⁿ
(d¢ék͓etítaⁿ p͓níⁿ) - I am Dhegiha [JOD]
►Dhegiha:
thiⁿ (¢iⁿ) - to be [Omaha/Ponca]; niⁿ (nį́),
thiⁿ (ðį́) - be a certain way, live as, exist as, be
characterized by the immediately preceding word or phrase, which may
be a noun phrase [CQ-Osage]; yiⁿ (yiⁿ) - to be, to be
so, to be such a one, indicates permanent or long-term condition
[Kaw]
American
►
wa-jhi-ni (waǰíni) - American; derived from "Virginia"
►
wa-jhi-ni (ŭatschinni) - American (Américain) [GI]
►
wa-jhi-ni (waǰíni) - white people, white man, white
race (MS, MR, OM)]
►ex:
wa-jhi-ni a-ki-sho-ka ma-zhaⁿ-ti o-kniⁿ wi-ke (waǰíni
ákkišoka mažą́tti oknį́ wiké) - the Americans are very
plentiful (lit. plural are sitting)
►ex:
wa-jhi-ni ni-ka (waǰíni níkka) - white man [AG, OM]
►ex:
wa-jhi-ni koi (waǰíni kói) - he's a white man [MS]
►ex:
wa-jhi-ni kde ta aⁿ-ba o-zha hne (waǰíni kdé tta ą́ba óža hné)
- you white people go home and dance all night (request)
[MS]
►ex:
wa-jhi-ni kde ta zho-zhi-te e-naⁿ o-zha-wi koⁿ-bda (waǰíni kdé
tta žožítte éną óžawi kkǫbdá) - you white people go home and
us Indians dance all night (when the white people go home, I want
just us Indians to dance) [MS)]
►ex:
wa-jhi-ni aⁿ-ka-shi-ka (waǰíni ąkką́šiká) - white man
didn't like me [MS]
►ex:
aⁿ-ka-shi-ka wi-e-hoⁿ o-wa-kaⁿ-shi-ka, wa-jhi-ni (ąkką́šiká
wíehǫ owákką́šiká waǰíni) - he (white man) don't like me and
I don't like him either [MS]
►ex:
wa-jhi-ni mi (waǰíni mi) - white woman [AG, OM]
►ex:
wa-jhi-ni mi ta-ka-te (waǰíni mi tákkatte) - hot white
woman [AG]
►ex:
wa-jhi-ni miⁿ koi (waǰíni mį kói) - she's a white
woman [MS]
►ex:
wa-jhi-ni wa-x'o (waǰíni waxʔó) - white woman [AG]
►ex:
wa-jhi-ni ka-hi-ke (waǰíni kahike) - President; Indian
agent
►Dhegiha:
wa-dsi-ni (wá-dsi-ni) - a disease, a malady
[FL-Osage]; wa-tsʰi-ni (wácʰini) - venereal disease,
sexually transmitted disease, probably from ‘Virginia’ which may
have been used to mean ‘white man’ [CQ-Osage]; wa-ji-ne (wáji
ne) - disease, a malady [Kaw]
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