Quapaw Dictionary

English to Quapaw Dictionary
A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H-I-J-K-L-M-N-O-P-Q-R-S-T-U-V-W-X-Y-Z
Quapaw Sources	Dhegiha Sources

pace - pelican pelt - pinch pine - pleased plentiful - pressing pressing - pulse pulverize - put two

pace

► ba-ha-ha-ta ho-taⁿ (baháhatta hóttą) - pace

► cf. ba-ha-ha-ta (baháhatta) - trot; ho-taⁿ (hóttą) - good

► ex: ba-ha-ha-ta ho-taⁿ (baháhatta hóttą) - trotting/good [JOD]

► ex: shoⁿ-ke-a-kniⁿ a-ki-kniⁿ aⁿ-taⁿ ba-ha-ha-ta ho-taⁿ kaⁿ-iⁿ de (šǫ́keáknį akíknį ą́tą baháhatta hóttą ką́į dé) - horse/she sat on her own/when/trotting/good/so/she went [JOD]

pack or carry on the back

► k’iⁿ (kʔį) - carry, pack on the back ► a-k’iⁿ (akʔį) - I, da-k’iⁿ (dakʔį) - you, k’iⁿ (kʔį) - he/she/it, aⁿ-k’iⁿ (ąkʔį) - we dual, I and one other, aⁿ-k’iⁿ-we (ąkʔįwe) - we

► cf. kda-k’iⁿ (kdakʔį) - carry one’s own bundle or pack; ki-k’iⁿ (kikʔį́) - carry on one’s own back, pack; ski-ke k’iⁿ (skíke kʔį) - carry a heavy load; wa-k’iⁿ tʰe (wakʔį́ tʰe) - the carrying of something; we-k’iⁿ (wékʔį) - pack, bundle carried on back; i-k’iⁿ (íkʔį) - suspenders [MS]; maⁿ-o-zhi i-k’iⁿ (mą́oži íkʔį) - quiver strap

► ex: pa-te taⁿ k’iⁿ kde, i-ya (pátte tą kʔį kdé, iyá) - she butchered the carcass, packed it on her back, and carried it home, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: k’iⁿ kʰi-taⁿ a-shi-ti i-tʰe-de naⁿ i-ya (kʔį́ kʰíttą ášitti itʰéde ną iyá) - when he reached home carrying (the meat) on his back, he piled it outside (the lodge), it is said

► Dhegiha: ’iⁿ (’íⁿ) - carry, carrying [JOD-Omaha]; ʰk’iⁿ (ḳ’iⁿ) - to carry [FL-Osage]; k’iⁿ (kʔį́) - carry, carry on the back [CQ-Osage]; k’iⁿ (k’iⁿ) - pack on the back, carry on the back [Kaw]

► ki-k’iⁿ (kikʔį́) - carry on one’s own back, pack ► a-ki-k’iⁿ (akíkʔį) - I, da-ki-k’iⁿ (dakíkʔį) - you

► cf. k’iⁿ (kʔį) - carry, pack on the back; kda-k’iⁿ (kdakʔį) - carry one’s own bundle or pack; ski-ke k’iⁿ (skíke kʔį) - carry a heavy load; wa-k’iⁿ tʰe (wakʔį́ tʰe) - the carrying of something; we-k’iⁿ (wékʔį) - pack, bundle carried on back; i-k’iⁿ (íkʔį) - suspenders [MS]; maⁿ-o-zhi i-k’iⁿ (mą́oži íkʔį) - quiver strap

► ex: wa-x’o zhi-ka niⁿ wa-ba-tʰe o-zhi-ha niⁿ-kʰe ki-k’iⁿ kde, i-ya (waxʔóžiká nį wabátʰe óžiha nįkʰe kikʔį́ kdé, iyá) - the old woman carried her sewing bag upon her back and went homeward, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: koⁿ-ska ki-k’iⁿ di-kna, aⁿ-ka-de te (kǫ́ska kikʔį́ dikná, ąkáde tté) - quickly decide what you will pack, let’s go [JOD]

► ex: ta-taⁿ za-ni hi ki-k’iⁿ aⁿ-taⁿ da-wi (táttą zaní hi kikʔį́ ą́tą dáwi) - she carried everything on her back when they went [JOD]

► ex: aⁿ-ki-kda-k’iⁿ (ąkíkdakʔį́) - he/she carry me, her own (around) on his/her back [JOD]

► ex: aⁿ-ki-kda-k’iⁿ koⁿ-bda (ąkíkdakʔį́ kkǫ́bda) - I want her to carry me around on her back [JOD]

► ex: aⁿ-da-ki-k’iⁿ (ądákikʔį́) - you carry for me (your own) [JOD]

► ex: pa-hi niⁿ-kʰe i-niⁿ-ha aⁿ-da-kdi-ze taⁿ ta-xaⁿ-da-ki-de taⁿ aⁿ-da-ki-k’iⁿ da-kde te, i-ke naⁿ (ppahí nįkʰé inįhá ądákdizé tą táxądákidé tą ądákikʔį dakdé tte, iké ną) - you take my head and you barbecue it (for me), you carry/pack it (for me) when you go home, he said to her [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ naⁿ-zha wa-x’o niⁿ kde, i-ya-we, nika ti-te-ki-de kʰe ki-k’iⁿ aⁿ-taⁿ kde, i-ya-we (kóišǫ́ttą ną́ža waxʔó nį kdé, iyáwe, níkka títtekidé kʰe kíkʔį ą́ttą kdé, iyáwe) - then the woman started homeward, they say, when she had cooked her husband, she started home packing him on her back, they say [JOD]

► ex: wi-ki-kda-k’iⁿ (wikíkdakʔį́) - I carry you, my own (around) on my back [JOD]

► ex: “ko-he, wi-ki-kda-k’iⁿ te-a,” i-ke (“kohé, wikíkdakʔį́ tteá,” iké) - All right! I will carry you (on my back), she said to him [JOD]

► ex: “ko-he, wi-ki-kda-k’iⁿ te iⁿ,” i-yi (“kohé, wikíkdakʔį́ tté į́,” iyí) - All right! I will carry you (on my back), he said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: gi-’iⁿ (gi-’íⁿ) - carry one’s own on one’s back [JOD-Omaha]; gi-k’iⁿ (gi-k’íⁿ) - to carry something belonging to him, to carry his child, or his gun [FL-Osage]; gi-k’iⁿ (gi-k’íⁿ) - to carry on one’s back, pack one’s own property on the back [Kaw]

► kda-k’iⁿ (kdakʔį) - carry one’s own bundle or pack

► cf. ki-kda-k’iⁿ (kíkdakʔį́) - to carry one’s own on one’s back; ki-k’iⁿ (kikʔį́) - carry on one’s own back, pack; k’iⁿ (kʔį) - carry, pack on the back; wa-k’iⁿ tʰe (wakʔį́ tʰe) - the carrying of something; we-k’iⁿ (wékʔį) - pack, bundle carried on back; i-k’iⁿ (íkʔį) - suspenders [MS]

► Dhegiha: gi-’iⁿ (gi-’íⁿ) - carry one’s own on one’s back [JOD-Omaha]; gi-k’iⁿ (gi-k’íⁿ) - to carry something belonging to him, to carry his child, or his gun [FL-Osage]; gi-k’iⁿ (gi-k’íⁿ) - to carry on one’s back, pack one’s own property on the back [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ’iⁿ (’íⁿ) - carry, carrying [JOD-Omaha]; ʰk’iⁿ (ḳ’iⁿ) - to carry [FL-Osage]; k’iⁿ (kʔį́) - carry, carry on the back [CQ-Osage]; k’iⁿ (k’iⁿ) - pack on the back, carry on the back [Kaw]

► ki-kda-k’iⁿ (kíkdakʔį́) - to carry one’s own on one’s back

► cf. kda-k’iⁿ (kdakʔį) - carry one’s own bundle or pack; ki-k’iⁿ (kikʔį́) - carry on one’s own back, pack; k’iⁿ (kʔį) - carry, pack on the back

► ex: aⁿ-ki-kda-k’iⁿ (ąkíkdakʔį́) - he/she carry me, her own (around) on his/her back [JOD]

► ex: aⁿ-ki-kda-k’iⁿ koⁿ-bda (ąkíkdakʔį́ kkǫ́bda) - I want her to carry me around on her back [JOD]

► ex: aⁿ-ki-kda-k’iⁿ te kaⁿ (ąkíkdakʔį́ tte ką́) - about to carry me on her back [JOD]

► ex: wi-ki-kda-k’iⁿ (wikíkdakʔį́) - I carry you, my own (around) on my back [JOD]

► ex: “ko-he, wi-ki-kda-k’iⁿ te-a,” i-ke (“kohé, wikíkdakʔį́ tteá,” iké) - All right! I will carry you (on my back), she said to him [JOD]

► ex: “ko-he, wi-ki-kda-k’iⁿ te iⁿ,” i-yi (“kohé, wikíkdakʔį́ tté į́,” iyí) - All right! I will carry you (on my back), he said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: gi-’iⁿ (gi-’íⁿ) - carry one’s own on one’s back [JOD-Omaha]; gi-k’iⁿ (gi-k’íⁿ) - to carry something belonging to him, to carry his child, or his gun [FL-Osage]; gi-k’iⁿ (gi-k’íⁿ) - to carry on one’s back, pack one’s own property on the back [Kaw]

► wa-k’iⁿ (wakʔį́) - pack

► cf. k’iⁿ (kʔį) - carry, pack on the back

► ex: wa-k’iⁿ tʰe (wakʔį́ tʰe) - the carrying of something

► Dhegiha: wa-’iⁿ (wa’íⁿ) - carrying them; carried them; carrying; carrying a bundle or pack on his back; pack; to pack; bundle or pack [JOD-Omaha]; wa-ʰk’iⁿ (wa-ḳ’íⁿ) - carrying; a burden [FL-Osage]

► we-k’iⁿ (wékʔį) - pack, bundle carried on back

► cf. k’iⁿ (kʔį) - carry, pack on the back; kda-k’iⁿ (kdakʔį) - carry one’s own bundle or pack; ki-k’iⁿ (kikʔį́) - carry on one’s own back, pack; ski-ke k’iⁿ (skíke kʔį) - carry a heavy load; wa-k’iⁿ tʰe (wakʔį́ tʰe) - the carrying of something; i-k’iⁿ (íkʔį) - suspenders [MS]; maⁿ-o-zhi i-k’iⁿ (mą́oži íkʔį) - quiver strap

► Dhegiha: we-’iⁿ (wé’iⁿ) - packstrap; carrying for us; carrying them [JOD-Omaha]; nu-de we-iⁿ (nude weiⁿ) - suspenders [Omaha]; nu-de we-’iⁿ (núde wé’iⁿ) - ox yoke [Omaha/Ponca]; shoⁿ-ge nu-de we-’iⁿ (shóⁿge núde wé’iⁿ) - horse collar [Omaha/Ponca]; shoⁿ-ge we-iⁿ (shoⁿge weiⁿ) - harness [Omaha]

► Dhegiha: ’iⁿ (’íⁿ) - carry, carrying [JOD-Omaha]; ʰk’iⁿ (ḳ’iⁿ) - to carry [FL-Osage]; k’iⁿ (kʔį́) - carry, carry on the back [CQ-Osage]; k’iⁿ (k’iⁿ) - pack on the back, carry on the back [Kaw]

pack or clench in the hands

► di-ski-ke (diskíke) - clench, pack in the hands ► bdi-ski-ke (bdískike) - I, ti-ski-ke (ttískike) - you

► cf. noⁿ-pe di-ski-ke (nǫpé diskíke) - clench the fist; di-ski-ski-ke (diskískike) - pack, e.g. snowballs, with hands

► Dhegiha: thi-ski-ke (ðiiskíke) - wad up, bring the parts of a whole together with pressure, bring components into contact, make a fist, grind together, gather [CQ-Osage]; yu-ski-ge (yuskíge) - clench [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: noⁿ-be thi-ski-ge (noⁿ-bé thi-çki-ge) - hand folded, the fist [FL-Osage]; noⁿ-pe a-ski-ke (nǫǫpé askíke) - fist [CQ-Osage]; naⁿ-be yu-ski-ge (naⁿbé yuskíge) - to make a fist, clench the fist [Kaw]

pack with the hands

► di-ski-ski-ke (diskískike) - pack, e.g. snowballs, with hands ► bdi-ski-ski-ke (bdískiskike) - I, ti-ski-ski-ke (ttískiskike) - you

► cf. di-ski-ke (diskíke) - clench, pack in the hands; noⁿ-pe di-ski-ke (nǫpé diskíke) - clench the fist

► Dhegiha: thi-ski-ke (ðiiskíke) - wad up, bring the parts of a whole together with pressure, bring components into contact, make a fist, grind together, gather [CQ-Osage]; yu-ski-ge (yuskíge) - clench [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: noⁿ-be thi-ski-ge (noⁿ-bé thi-çki-ge) - hand folded, the fist [FL-Osage]; noⁿ-pe a-ski-ke (nǫǫpé askíke) - fist [CQ-Osage]; naⁿ-be yu-ski-ge (naⁿbé yuskíge) - to make a fist, clench the fist [Kaw]

pack, to lace up a pack

► i-ba-zoⁿ-te (íbazǫ́tte) - lace up, as a pack ► i-pa-zoⁿ-te (íppazǫtte) - I, i-shpa-zoⁿ-te (íšpazǫtte) - you

► cf. i-ki-pa-zoⁿ-te (íkkippazǫ́tte) - fasten; ka-zaⁿ-te (kazą́tte) - weave, braid; wa-zoⁿ-te (wázǫtte) - mat

► Dhegiha: i-ba-zaⁿ-je (íbazaⁿje) - lace up with, fasten shut, to fasten, as the end skins of a tent, by running the sticks or cords from one side to the other [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: a-ba-zoⁿ-de (ábazoⁿde) - to stitch up, sew up, or lace up [Omaha/Ponca]; a-ba-zoⁿ-dse (á-ba-çoⁿ-dse) - to lace a shoe, to lace up as a shoe [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: zoⁿ-zoⁿ-de (zoⁿzoⁿde) - stitch [Omaha]; wa-zoⁿ-dse (wá-çoⁿ-dse) - any woven article, textile [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: ga-zoⁿ-de (gaçoⁿde) - weave, braid [Omaha]; ga-zoⁿ-dse (ga-çóⁿ-dse) - to weave, to braid [FL-Osage]; ga-zaⁿ-je (gazáⁿje) - weave [Kaw]

paddle, oar

► maⁿ-te iⁿ-kʰe (mątté įkʰé) - oar, paddle [JOD]

► maⁿ-te iⁿ-kʰe (monnteh-ínkĭēh) - oar, paddle (aviron) [GI]

► cf. maⁿ-te (mątté) - boat, canoe

► ex: maⁿ-te-iⁿ-kʰe aⁿ-niⁿ-ke (mątté-įkʰe ąnį́ke) - I do not have a paddle [JOD]

► ex: e maⁿ-te-iⁿ-kʰe o-pʰe koiⁿ-xe aniⁿ de naⁿ, i-ya-we (e mąttéįkʰé opʰé kóįγe anį́ dé ną, iyáwe) - when he used the paddle, he went crooked (around and around), they said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: moⁿ-de u-thu-ga-hi (moⁿde uthugahi) - oars [Omaha]; ba-dse ú-thu-ga-hi (ba-dse ú-thu-ga-hi) - oar for rowing a boat [FL-Osage]; ba-jo-yo-phe (bajóyophe), ba-je o-yo-phe (bajé oyóphe) - a paddle, an oar , a contraction of bajé ‘boat’ and oyóphe ‘to row’ [Kaw]; ba-je i-ko-mi-ghe (bajé ikomíghe) - rudder of a boat; a steering paddle, lit. “what makes a boat turn” [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: moⁿ-de (moⁿ-de) - boat, ferry, boat deck, canoe [Omaha]; maⁿ-de (mandé) - boat [JOD-Omaha]; ba-dse (ba-dsé) - any kind of boat [FL-Osage]; pa-tse (páce) - boat [CQ-Osage]; ba-je (bajé) - boat, canoe [Kaw]

paddle, paddled, paddling

► o-pʰe (opʰé) - paddle, paddled, paddling

► o-pʰe (opʰé) - he paddled, used for paddling, use the paddle [JOD]

► ex: e maⁿ-te-iⁿ-kʰe o-pʰe koiⁿ-xe aniⁿ de naⁿ, i-ya-we (e mąttéįkʰé opʰé kóįγe anį́ dé ną, iyáwe) - when he used the paddle, he went crooked (around and around), they said [JOD]

► ex: i-maⁿ-ta o-pʰe naⁿ de, i-ke (imą́tta opʰé ną dé, iké) - paddle on the other side, he said to him [JOD]

► ex: shi-naⁿ-naⁿ i-ki-di-toⁿ o-pʰe niⁿ i-ya-we (šiną́ną ikídittǫ opʰé nį iyáwe) - again and again, first on one side then on the other, he was paddling, they said [JOD]

paddle, stir, stir up

► o-do-ka-hi (odokáhi) - to stir, to stir up, to paddle

► cf. pa-si o-do-ka-hi (ppasí odokáhi) - spoonbill, paddlefish, “to stir up with the nose”, fish with a hide like that of a catfish, no scales, found in Neosho River; ta-ni-ka-hi (taníkahi) - sumac, lit. “mix with tobacco”; ka-hi (kahí) - fan someone; i-ka-hi (íkahi) - mixed with, to mix ingredients [JOD]; i-ki-kda-hi (íkkikdáhi) - mixed; di-i-ki-kda-hi (diíkkikdáhi) - mix with the hands

► Dhegiha: u-thu-ga-hi (uthu gahi) - stir [Omaha]; moⁿ-de u-thu-ga-hi (moⁿde uthugahi) - oars [Omaha]; noⁿ-be u-thu-ga-hi (noⁿbe uthugahi) - wave at [Omaha]; siⁿ-de kʰe u-thu-ga-hi-hi (síⁿde kʰe uthúgahihí) - to switch the tail back and forth, to wag the tail [Omaha/Ponca]; u-thu-ga-hi (u-thú-ga-hi) - to paddle, to stir up what is cooking or boiling [FL-Osage]; o-tho-ka-hi (oðókahi) - stir [CQ-Osage]

pain, ache, hurt

► iⁿ-te (įté), iⁿ-de (įdé) - to have a pain, ache, hurt ► aⁿ-te (ąté) - I, di-iⁿ-te (díįte) - you, waⁿ-te-a-we (wą́teáwe) - we

► iⁿ-de (įdé) - hurt [AG]

► ex: aⁿ-te (ąté) - hurt me, I’m hurting [MS]

► hi iⁿ-te (hi įté) - toothache, have a toothache ► hi aⁿ-te (hi ąté) - I, hi di-iⁿ-te (hi díįté) - you, waⁿ-te-a-we (wą́[t]teáwe) - we

► cf. hi (hi) - tooth; iⁿ-te (įté), iⁿ-de (įdé) - ache, hurt, to have a pain

► Dhegiha: hi (hi) - tooth, teeth [Omaha/Ponca]; hi (hi) - tooth or teeth [FL-Osage]; hi (híi) - tooth, teeth [CQ-Osage]; hi (hi) - tooth, teeth [Kaw]

► mo-iⁿ-ke iⁿ-te (moį́ke įté) - angina, chest pain ► mo-iⁿ-ke aⁿ-te (moį́ke ąté) - I, mo-iⁿ-ke di-iⁿ-te (moį́ke díįté) - you

► cf. maⁿ-ke (mą́ke), maⁿ-iⁿ-ke (mąį́ke), mo-iⁿ-ke (moį́ke) - chest, chest of a male; iⁿ-te (įté), iⁿ-de (įdé) - to have a pain, ache, hurt

► Dhegiha: moⁿ-ge (móⁿge) - chest [Omaha/Ponca]; moⁿ-ge (moⁿge) - human chest, breast [Omaha]; moⁿ-ge (móⁿ-ge) - breast or chest of a human being [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-ke (mą́ąke), moⁿ-ke (mǫ́ǫke) - chest [CQ-Osage]; maⁿ-ge (máⁿge) - chest of a man, breast of an animal [Kaw]

► o-ki-te iⁿ-te (okkítte įté) - to have rheumatism, “joint pain” ► o-ki-te aⁿ-te (okkítte ąté) - I, o-ki-te di-iⁿ-te (okkítte díįté) - you

► cf. o-ki-te (okkítte) - joint; iⁿ-te (įté), iⁿ-de (įdé) - ache, hurt, to have a pain

► Dhegiha: u-kʰi-tʰe (ukʰítʰe) - joint [Omaha/Ponca]; u-ki-te (úkite) - joint [Omaha]; u-ʰki-tse (u-ḳí-tse) - a joint [FL-Osage]; o-ki-che (okíche), o-ku-che (okúche) - joint, the place where two bones are joined [Kaw]

► pa-hiⁿ-te (ppahį́te) - to have a headache ► pa-hi aⁿ-te (ppahí ąté) - I, pa-hi di-iⁿ-te (ppahí diįté) - you, pa-hi waⁿ-te-a-we (ppahí wą́teáwe) - we

► pa-hi iⁿ-te (ppahí įté), pa-hi iⁿ-de (ppahí įdé) - headache [MS, AG]

► cf. pa-hi (ppahí) - head; iⁿ-te (įté), iⁿ-de (įdé) - ache, hurt, to have a pain

► ex: pa-hi aⁿ-de miⁿ-kʰe (ppahí ądé mįkʰé) - I've got a headache [AG]

► ex: pa-hi iⁿ-de (ppahí įdé) - I have a headache (to have a headache, he/she has a headache) [OM]

► ta iⁿ-te (tta į́te) - diarrhea, to have diarrhea, “belly pain” ► ta i-aⁿ-te (ttá íąté) - I, ta i-di-iⁿ-te (ttá ídiį́te) - you

► cf. ta-iⁿ (ttaį́) - belly below navel; iⁿ-te (įté), iⁿ-de (įdé) - ache, hurt, to have a pain

► zho iⁿ-de (jŭ-indeh) - pain (douleur), “body/flesh pain” [GI]

► cf. zho (žo) - flesh, meat; iⁿ-te (įté), iⁿ-de (įdé) - ache, hurt, to have a pain

► Dhegiha: zhu (zhu) - flesh, body [Omaha/Ponca]; zhu (ju) - flesh; a body [JOD-Omaha]; zhu (zhu) - flesh or body [FL-Osage]

pain, cry of pain

► haⁿ-haⁿ-haⁿ (hą́hąhą́) - oh oh oh, cry of pain

► Dhegiha: hoⁿ-hoⁿ-hoⁿ (hóⁿ! hoⁿ! hóⁿ!) - ouch, interjection of pain, ow!, ouch! [Omaha/Ponca]

paint

► wa-se (wasé) - red paint [JOD]

► Dhegiha: wa-se zhi-de ni-ka (waséjíde ní-ka) - Indian red paint [JOD-Omaha]; wa-se zhi-de (waséjide) - red paint; red clay [JOD-Omaha]; wa-se zhu-dse (wa-çé-zhu-dse) - red clay, red paint, rouge [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: wa-se tu (waçe tu) - blue paint [Omaha]; wa-se tu (wa-sé t͓u) - green clay or green paint, verdigris [JOD-Omaha]; wa-se to (waséto) - verdigris, patina [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: wa-se tu xu-de (wa-sé-t͓u-qú-de) - verdigris, gray green clay or light blue clay [JOD-Omaha]; wa-se ʰtoⁿ xo-dse ga-xa (wa-çé ṭoⁿ xo-dse ga-xa) - green clay creek, branch of the Verdigris River, Okla [FL-Osage]; wa-se ʰtoⁿ xo-e (wa-çé ṭoⁿ-xo-e) - the Verdigris River, green paint was secured here, this was the second camp of the second buffalo trail [FL-Osage]; wa-se-ʰtaⁿ xo-e (waséʰtą xóe) - Verdigris River, lit., “gray sycamore” [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: wa-se saⁿ (wasésaⁿ) - white clay; made of white clay; earthenware; plaster; lime [JOD-Omaha]; wa-se zi (wasé zi) - yellow clay [JOD-Omaha]

pair of moccasins

► hoⁿ-be tʰe (hǫbé tʰe) - the (pair of sitting) moccasins

hoⁿ-be (hǫbé), hoⁿ-pe (hǫpé) - shoes, moccasins; tʰe (tʰe) - collective, sitting inanimate, as in a pile

► Dhegiha: hiⁿ-be (hiⁿ-bé) - moccasins [Omaha/Ponca]; hiⁿ-be (hiⁿbe) - moccasins [Omaha]; hoⁿ-be (hoⁿ-bé) - moccasins [FL-Osage]; hoⁿ-pe (hǫǫpé) - moccasins, shoes [CQ-Osage]; haⁿ-be (haⁿbé), hoⁿ-be (hoⁿbé) - shoes, moccasins [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: tʰe (tĕ) - the plural piled objects; the paired objects [JOD-Omaha]; tsʰe (cʰe) - positional article for plural sitting nonsubjects [CQ-Osage]; che (che) - “the”; definite article for standing/inanimate or collection of or piled things [Kaw]

pair, both

► ni-kaⁿ-ni (níkkąní), ni-koⁿ-ni-hi (nikkǫ́nihi) - pair, both

► ex: si ni-kaⁿ-ni (si níkkąní) - both feet

► ex: iⁿ-shta ni-koⁿ-ni (inschta nikkoni) - both eyes (deaux yeux) [GI]

► Dhegiha: noⁿ-ʰku-wiⁿ (nóⁿ-ḳu-wiⁿ) - the two, both [FL-Osage]; na-ʰkoⁿiⁿ (naʰkǫį́), naⁿ-ʰko-wiⁿ (nąʰkówį) - pair, couple, the two of them [CQ-Osage]; noⁿ-koⁿ-mi (nóⁿkoⁿmí) - pair, both, couple, two together [Kaw]

palate, roof of the mouth

► paⁿ-kda-te (ppąkdátte) - palate, roof of the mouth

► Dhegiha: ta-gtha-de (tagtháde) - roof of the mouth, hard palate [Omaha/Ponca]; koⁿ-btha-de (koⁿbtháde) - ridge above the teeth, roof of the mouth [Omaha]; ʰkoⁿ-btha-dse (ḳoⁿbthá-dse) - roof of the mouth [FL-Osage]; paⁿ-la-je (paⁿláje) - palate, roof of the mouth [Kaw]

pale green or pale blue

► to-ho (ttóho) - blue, green, grue

► tu-hu (tuhú) - pale blue [OM]

► tu-hu (tu-hú) - pale blue [LH]

► cf. to (tto) - blue, green, grue; to (to) - blue or green [MR]; tʰo (t'o˙) - blue and green [FS]; to (tto) - blue [FR, LQ, OM]; to (tuh) - green (vert) [GI]; sa to-ho (sá ttóho) - dark blue or green; to-ho xo-te (ttohó xotté) - pale green

► Dhegiha: ʰto-ho (ṭó-ho) - green or blue [FL-Osage]; ʰto-ho (ʰtóho) - blue [CQ-Osage]; to-ho (tóho) - blue or bluish black, green; Kaw color terminology lumps blue and green together, with light blue being considered more like gray. So, in English where we might say “sky blue” and “pea green”, in Kaw it would be, in effect, “sky tóho” and “pea tóho,” that is, “tóho” in each case [Kaw]

► to saⁿ-haⁿ (tto są́hą) - pale green

► to soⁿ-ha (tu soⁿho) - pale green [JOD]

► tu sa-ho (tu sá-ho) - pale green [OM]

► cf. to (tto) - blue, green, grue; saⁿ-haⁿ (są́hą) - whitish, grayish [JOD]; saⁿ-haⁿ (są́hą) - white in the distance; saⁿ (są) - white in the distance; zhi-te saⁿ-haⁿ (žítte sąhą́) - scarlet, pink; zhi-te saⁿ-haⁿ (žítte sąhą́) - pink [OM)]; haⁿ-ba i-ta-xe saⁿ-haⁿ (hą́pa įttáγe są́hą) - daybreak, lit. “tip of daylight”; ma-xe o-ta-saⁿ-haⁿ (maγe ottasąhą) - aurora; siⁿ-te saⁿ-haⁿ (sį́tte są́hą) - whitish tail [JOD]

► Dhegiha: soⁿ (çoⁿ) - pale [Omaha]; soⁿ-the (sóⁿthe) - cleanse, whiten, whitewash [Omaha/Ponca]; soⁿ-hoⁿ (çóⁿ-hoⁿ) - resembling white, whitened animal skins [FL-Osage]; saⁿ-haⁿ (sáⁿhaⁿ) - whitish, grayish [Kaw]

► to-ho xo-te (ttohó xotté) - pale green

► cf. to-ho (ttóho) - blue, green, grue; xo-te (xotté) - gray

► Dhegiha: ʰto-ho xo-dse (ṭó-ho-xo-dse) - a bluish gray [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: ʰto-ho (ṭó-ho) - green or blue [FL-Osage]; ʰto-ho (ʰtóho) - blue [CQ-Osage]; to-ho (tóho) - blue or bluish black, green [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: xu-de (qúde) - gray, brown [Omaha/Ponca]; xu-de (xúde) - gray [Omaha]; xo-de (xó-de) - drab, a grayish color [FL-Osage]; xo-dse (xó-dse) - gray, a gray line [FL-Osage]; xo-tse (xóce) - gray, dull, color or finish, faded, grayish like ashes, smoky [CQ-Osage]; xo-je (xóje) - grey, light blue [Kaw]

palm of the hand

► naⁿ-pe o-noⁿ-ta (nąpé ónǫttá) - palm of the hand

► cf. naⁿ-pe (nąpé), noⁿ-pe (nǫpé) - hand

► Dhegiha: noⁿ-be u-thoⁿ-da (noⁿbe uthoⁿda) - palm of the hand [Omaha]; noⁿ-be u-thoⁿ-da (noⁿ-bé u-thoⁿ-da) - the center of the hand, the palm of the hand [FL-Osage]; naⁿ-be o-yo-da (naⁿbé óyodá) - palm of the hand [Kaw]; naⁿ-bo-yo-da (naⁿbóyoda) - palm of the hand, back of the hand [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: [JOD-Omaha]; noⁿ-be (noⁿbe) - hand [Omaha]; noⁿ-be (noⁿ-bé) - the hand [FL-Osage]; noⁿ-pe (nǫǫpé) - palm of the hand, fist [CQ-Osage]; naⁿ-be (naⁿbé) - hand, paw [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: u-thoⁿ-da (uthóⁿda) - center, middle [Omaha/Ponca]; u-thaⁿ-da (u-¢án-da) - the center or middle [JOD-Omaha]; u-thoⁿ-da (ú-thoⁿ-da) - center, the center [FL-Osage]

palm, drum on something with palm

► bi-ko-ke (bikkóke) - drum on something with palm ► pi-ko-ke (ppíkkoke) - I, shpi-ko-ke (špíkkoke) - you

► cf. ba-ko-ke (bakkóke) - drum, thump as on a door; ga-ko-ke (gákkoke) - pound; ka-ko-ke (kakkóke) - beat a drum; naⁿ-ko-ke (nąkkóke) - drum on ground or floor with feet; po-ko-ke (pókkoke) - rumbling from shooting against

► Dhegiha: ku-ge (kúge) - box, drum [Omaha]; ʰku-ge (ḳu-gé) - sound of a drum when beaten [FL-Osage]; ko-ge (kogé) - hollow sound, like a drum; make a hollow sound [Kaw]

palm, drum with the palm repeatedly

► bi-ko-ko (bikkókko) - drum with the palm repeatedly ► pi-ko-ko (ppíkkokko) - I, shpi-ko-ko (špíkkokko) - you

► cf. ba-ko-ko (bakkókko) - drum repeatedly; ka-ko-ko (kakkókko) - beat a drum repeatedly; naⁿ-ko-ko (nąkkókko) - drum with the feet; po-ko-ko (pókkokko) - drum against by shooting

palm, twist or roll with the palms

► bi-be-bni (bibébni) - twist, roll with the palms ► pi-be-bni (ppíbebni) - I, shpi-be-bni (špíbebni) - you

► cf. be-bniⁿ (bébnį), be-bni (bébni) - twisted, curled, spiral; be-bniⁿ-bniⁿ (bébnįbnį) - twisted round and round; di-be-bniⁿ (dibébnį) - twist with the hands; a-ki-di-be-bniⁿ (ákkidibébnį) - braid, plait a lariat in two strands; ni-zhi-ha di-be-bniⁿ (nižíha dibébnį) - braid hair [MS]; ta-ni di-be-bni (taní dibébni) - cigar, lit. “twisted tobacco”; wa-zhoⁿ-ke ski-de di-be-bni (wašǫ́ke skíde dibébni) - candy, spiral stick candy; o-di-bdi (ódibdí) - spiral motion

► Dhegiha: bubébliⁿ (bubébliⁿ) - twist until coarse by rubbing or rolling it between hand and knee [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: be-bthiⁿ (bébthiⁿ) - warped, twisted, crooked [Omaha/Ponca]; be-bliⁿ (bébliⁿ) - twisted, course [Kaw]; naⁿ-nu be-bliⁿ (naⁿnú bébliⁿ) - cigar, lit. “twisted tobacco,” a reference to how cigars are made [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: zhoⁿ-ni thi-be-bthiⁿ (zhoⁿní thibébthiⁿ) - twisted or plaited candy, twisted sugar, striped stick candy, candy cane, candy of any type [Omaha/Ponca]; thi-be-bthiⁿ (thi-bé-bthiⁿ) - to twist [FL-Osage]; yubébliⁿ (yubébliⁿ) - twist something coarse with the hands, as a cord or rope [Kaw]

palpate, feel

► di-zo (dizó) - feel, palpate ► bdi-zo (bdížo) - I, ti-zo (ttížo) - you

pan, knee-pan

► shi-noⁿ-te wa-haⁿ-haⁿ (šinǫ́tte wáhąhą́) - kneecap, knee-pan

► cf. shi-noⁿ-te (šinǫ́tte) - knee

► ex: shi-noⁿ-te wa-haⁿ-haⁿ niⁿ-kʰe (šinǫ́tte wáhąhą́ nįkʰé) - the kneecap

► Dhegiha: shi-noⁿ-de (shinóⁿde) - knee, including the area around the kneecap [Omaha/Ponca]; shi-noⁿ-de (shinóⁿde) - knee [Omaha]; shi-noⁿ-dse (shi-nóⁿ-dse), shi-thoⁿ-dse (shi-thóⁿ-dse) - knee, that part of the leg around the kneepan [FL-Osage]; shi-oⁿ-tse (šíǫce) - knee [CQ-Osage]; shi-yaⁿ-je (shiyáⁿje) - knee [Kaw]

pant

► ka-ski (kaskí) - pant ► aⁿ-ski (ą́ski) - I, di-a-ski (diáski) - you, wa-ski-we (wáskiwe) - we

► Dhegiha: ga-ski (ga-skí) - to pant [Omaha/Ponca]; ga-ski (ga-skí) - to pant; panted; panting [JOD-Omaha]; ga-ski-ge (ga-çkí-ge) - tedious; wearisome; lassitude; fatigue; to be weary; exhausted [FL-Osage]; ka-ski-ke (kaaskíke) - (be) tired, worn out, exhausted [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: ga-ski t’e (ga-skí t’e) - suffocate, to be almost dead from shortness of breath [Omaha/Ponca]; ga-ski t’e (ga-skí t’e) - to die from exhaustion; to be nearly dead from shortness of breath [JOD-Omaha]; ga-ski-ge ʰt’e (ga-çkí-ge ṭ’e) - he died of exhaustion [FL-Osage]

panther, mountain lion, cougar, puma

► iⁿ-taⁿ-daⁿ (įttą́dą), taⁿ-daⁿ (ttądą́) - panther, puma, mountain lion, cougar, similar terms are widespread in North America

► iⁿ-ta-naⁿ taⁿ-ka (įttánąttą́ka) - panther

► iⁿ-ta-naⁿ taⁿ-ka (įttáną ttą́ka) - mountain lion, panther, cougar, puma [MS]

► taⁿ-daⁿ taⁿ-ka (ttą́dą ttą́ka) - mountain lion, puma

► taⁿ-naⁿ taⁿ-ka (tonon-tunkah) - tiger or panther (tigre ou panthère) [GI]

► taⁿ-daⁿ (ttądą́) - panther, puma, mountain lion

► taⁿ-daⁿ e-ni-ka-shi-ka (taⁿd^¢áⁿ énikacíka), taⁿ-daⁿ taⁿ-ka e-ni-ka-shi-ka (táⁿd^¢aⁿ táñk͓a énikacíka) - the Panther or Mountain Lion gens (clan), obtained from Alphonsus Valliere [JOD]

► cf. iⁿ-taⁿ-daⁿ kde-zhe (įttą́dą kdéže) - cat, domestic cat “spotted”; iⁿ-taⁿ-daⁿ kde-zhe zhi-ka (įttą́dą kdéže žíka) - kitten; iⁿ-taⁿ kde-zhe (įttą́ kdéže) - cat, speckled cat [MS, AG]; iⁿ-ta-naⁿ kde-zhe (įttaną kdéze) - bobcat; taⁿ-daⁿ kde-zhe ma-zhaⁿ-a-ti (ttądą́ kdéže mažą́atti) - bobcat, spotted cat; taⁿ-ke kde-she (DąGeGaDé˙še) - cat, domestic [FS]

pants, trousers

► niⁿ-te o-di-shiⁿ (nį́tte ódišį) - pants, trousers

► niⁿ-te o-di-shiⁿ (nį́tte ódišį) - pants [MS, OM]

► cf. ni-te (nítte), niⁿ-te (nį́tte) - buttocks, rear [MS, OM]; ni-te-a-zho (nitteážo), niⁿ-te-a-zho (nįtteážo) - rump, buttocks; ni-te ka-zhi (nítte káži) - toilet paper; te ni-te shiⁿ (tte nítte šį) - buffalo rump fat [JOD]; he-zi-ka niⁿ-te ski-ta (hézikka nį́tte skítta) - wasp; o-di-shiⁿ (odíšį) - wrap, fold in a bundle; wa-tʰe di-shiⁿ (watʰé díšį) - apron; we-do-di-shiⁿ (wédodíšį) - pie; pa-hi o-di-shiⁿ, pa-ho-di-shiⁿ (pah-hŭ-odischih) - bonnet (bonnet) [GI]

► ex: niⁿ-te o-di-shiⁿ a-ki-pa-xta-na (nį́tte ódišį ákkippaxtana) - to turn (roll up) the legs of pants

► Dhegiha: niⁿ-de (nínde) - rump, hams [JOD-Omaha]; ni-dse (ní-dse) - haunch; body; the lower part of the back; the hips; rump [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: u-thi-shiⁿ (uthíshiⁿ) - cover, to cover, as with a garment [Omaha/Ponca]; u-thi-shiⁿ (u-thí-shiⁿ) - to wrap anything up [FL-Osage]; o-thi-shi (oðíši) - wrap, cover for a tipi, sweat house, pillow, etc. [CQ-Osage]; a-yi-shiⁿ (áyishiⁿ) - to bundle up in a cloth or blanket [Kaw]; o-yu-shiⁿ (oyúshiⁿ) - bundle something up, cover something by surrounding it [Kaw]

paper or cardboard box

► o-pi hi-hi-ka (oppí hihíkka) - paper or cardboard box

► cf. o-pi-zhi (óppiži) - drawer, box; pi-ki-zhi (ppíkkiži) - to put away one’s own [JOD]; pi-ki-zhi (ppíkiži) - to put away one’s own [JOD]; zhaⁿ-pi-zhi (žąppiži), zhoⁿ-pi-zhi (žǫppíži) - wooden box, truck; xoⁿ-te zhaⁿ-pi-zhi (xǫtté žąppiži) - cedar chest [MS]; pi knaⁿ (ppi kną́) - put away; o-zhi-ha ki-pi ka-xe (óžiha kíppi káγe) - to fill a bag, sack, or pocket; ki-pi ka-xe (kíppi káγe) - to fill [JOD]; o-ki-pi (okíppi) - be full, as a container; naⁿ-pe o-ki-pi (nąpé ókkippí) - handful

► Dhegiha: u-gi-pi (ú-p͓i-g¢e) - to put away a std. ob. in a box, etc.; a pocket in a hunting shirt, vest, or in any upper garment, but not in pants; a closet; a receptacle [JOD-Omaha]; u-pi-zhi (ú-p͓i-ji) - to lay away a collection of small objects in a receptacle [JOD-Omaha]; u-ki-pi (úkipi) - full, brim full [Omaha]; u-gi-pi (u-gí-p̣i) - full, will contain no more, replete [FL-Osage]; u-gi-ʰpi ga-xe (u-gí-pi ga-xe) - to fill [FL-Osage]; o-kiu-ʰpiu (oküʰpü), o-ku-ʰpi (ókuʰpi) - full of, have a fullness of, be filled with, be full, be flooded, full amount, houseful [CQ-Osage]; o-gi-pi (ogípi) - be full, filled, full as a box, barrel, kettle, etc., filled as a lodge or room with people, full as with worms, maggots, etc. [Kaw]

paper, letter, book

► i-ka-zo-zo (íkazózo) - book, paper, letter

► i-ka-zo-zo (íkazózo) - paper [MS, FR, AG, OM]

► i-ka-zo-zo (ika-zŭzŭ) - write (ecrire) [GI]

► cf. i-ka-zo-zo da-te (íkazózo daté) - school, school house, “read aloud books” [MS]; i-ka-zo-zo i-ka-xe (íkazózo ikáγe) - pencil [MS]; i-ka-zo-zo i-ka-xe (íkazózo ikáγe) - pen, writing instrument; i-ka-zo-zo i-koⁿ (íkazózo íkǫ) - cards, playing cards, “paper with which to gamble or bet”; i-ka-zo-zo ka-xe kniⁿ (íkazózo káγe knį) - clerk, he who sits writing; i-ka-zo-zo ka-xe o-ti (íkazózo káγe ottí) - school, school house; i-ka-zo-zo ni (íkazózo ní) - ink; i-ka-zo (íkazo) - write, draw; i-ka-zo i-ka-xe (íkazo ikáγe) - pencil, writing instrument; i-ka-zo-ye (íkazóye) - to have written

► ex: i-ka-zo-zo ka-xe a-taⁿ a-ki-niⁿ hi (íkazózo káγe attą́ akínį hí) - he wrote/made a letter and took it thither to her [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ e-ti knoⁿ-ke te i-ka-zo-zo ka-xe a-taⁿ a-ki-niⁿ hi taⁿ toⁿ-we taⁿ naⁿ-zha, “e-koⁿ te,” i-ke (kóišǫ́ttą étti knǫké tte íkazózo káγe attą́ akínį hí tą tǫ́we tą ną́ža, “ekǫ́ tte,” iké) - then he wrote the letter (asking) to marry and took it to her, when she looked at it she said, “so shall it be (it will be so)” [JOD]

paper, newspaper

► o-na-x’oⁿ i-ka-zo-zo (ónaxʔǫ íkazózo) - newspaper, lit. “paper that hears”

► cf. o-na-x’oⁿ (ónaxʔǫ) - hear about something, hear a report; i-ka-zo-zo (íkazózo) - book, paper, letter; ma-ze wa-hi-oⁿ o-na-x’oⁿ (máze wáhiǫ onáxʔǫ) - telegraph wire; ma-ze wa-hi-oⁿ o-na-x’oⁿ i-ka-xe (máze wáhiǫ onáxʔǫ ikáγe) - telegraph; o-na-x’oⁿ-de (onáxʔǫde) - tell, lit. “cause to hear something”

► Dhegiha: u-na-’aⁿ (uná’aⁿ) - to hear about it [JOD-Omaha]; u-noⁿ-ʰk’oⁿ (u-nóⁿ-ḳ’oⁿ) - a rumor, a report, hearsay [FL-Osage]; o-naⁿ-k’oⁿ (ónąkʔǫ) - rumor, hear a rumor, have foreknowledge of an event, something heard about [CQ-Osage]

paper, toilet paper

► ni-te ka-zhi (nítte káži) - toilet paper

► ni-te ga-zhi (nítte gáži) - toilet paper [OM]

► cf. ni-te (nítte), niⁿ-te (nį́tte) - buttocks, rear [MS, OM]; ni-te-a-zho (nitteážo), niⁿ-te-a-zho (nįtteážo) - rump, buttocks; niⁿ-te o-di-shiⁿ (nį́tte ódišį) - pants, trousers; te ni-te shiⁿ (tte nítte šį) - buffalo rump fat [JOD]; he-zi-ka niⁿ-te ski-ta (hézikka nį́tte skítta) - wasp

► Dhegiha: niⁿ-de (nínde) - rump, hams [JOD-Omaha]; ni-de (níde) - buttocks [Omaha]; ni-dse (ní-dse) - haunch; body; the lower part of the back; the hips; rump [FL-Osage]

paperweight

► a-ka-spe i-he-de (ákaspe ihéde) - put a horizontal object on another to hold it down, e.g., a paper-weight ► a-ka-spi-he-a-de (ákaspihéade) - I, a-ka-spi-he-da-de (ákaspihédade) -you

► cf. a-ka-spe (ákaspe) - close, shut; cave in; i-he-de (ihéde) - put a horizontal object; a-ka-spi-naⁿ-de (ákaspiną́de) - put a squat or (curvilinear) object on another to hold it down, e.g., a stone

► ex: a-ka-spa (ákaspá) - shut it!

► ex: ti-ze a-ka-spe zhi-ka i-tʰe-de (ttižé ákaspe žíka itʰéde) - to shut the door a little

► ex: ti-zhe a-ka-spe zhi-ka i-tʰe-da (ttižé ákaspe jíka itʰedá) - shut the door a little!

► ex: maⁿ-a-zi a-ka-spe (mą́azi ákaspe) - to cave in on, as a bank does

► ex: maⁿ-a-zi a-di-ka-spe na-ha (mą́azi ádikáspe nahá) - beware lest the bank cave in on you!

► Dhegiha: a-ga-spe i-he-the (ágaspe ihé¢ĕ) - to put a paper weight on an object to hold it down [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: a-ga-spe (á-ga-spe) - to press down on; to weight or hold down [JOD-Omaha];a-ga-spe (á-ga-çpe) - the falling of something heavy on a person or thing, to cover up an object [FL-Osage]; a-ka-spe (akáaspe) - shade, blind, covering [CQ-Osage]; a-ka-spe (ákaaspe) - put over, put upon, cover as with cloth or blanket, cover with dirt as a grave, cover over, cover up [CQ-Osage]; a-ga-spe (ágaspe), a-ga-spaⁿ (ágaspaⁿ) - cover completely, concealing every part [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: i-he-the (i-hé-¢ĕ) - to put or place a recl. an. ob. or lg. in. ob., as a tool, plank, etc. [JOD-Omaha]; i-he-the (í-hé-the) - to lay down a long object [FL-Osage]; i-he-the (i-hé-the) - to put a thing down, made to lie in death [FL-Osage]; i-he-ye (ihéye) - put down a singular, lying, inanimate object [Kaw]

parakeet

► wa-zhiⁿ to (wažį́tto) - paroquet

► wa-zhiⁿ to (ŭaghichtŭ) - parakeet (perruche) [GI]

► cf. wa-zhiⁿ-ka (wažį́ka), wa-zhiⁿ (wažį́) - bird; to (tto) - blue, green, grue

► Dhegiha: wa-zhiⁿ-ga tu (wa-jíñ-ga t͓u) - a blue bird, a small species of parrot [JOD-Omaha]; wa-zhiⁿ ʰto (wa-zhíⁿ-ṭo), wa-zhiⁿ ʰtu (wa-zhíⁿ-ṭu) - parrot, parakeet [FL-Osage]; wa-zhiⁿ to (wazhíⁿto) - parrot; a green bird the size of a quail, with a tail about seven inches long [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: wa-zhiⁿ-ga (wa-jíñ-ga) - the generic name for small birds [JOD-Omaha]; wa-zhiⁿ-ga (wazhiⁿga), wa-zhiⁿ (wazhiⁿ) - chicken, fowl, any bird [Omaha]; wa-zhiⁿ-ga (wa-zhíⁿ-ga), wa-zhiⁿ (wa-zhíⁿ) - any bird or fowl [FL-Osage]; wa-zhiⁿ-ka (wažį́ka), wa-zhi (wažį́) - bird [CQ-Osage]; wa-zhiⁿ-ga (wazhíⁿga), wa-zhiⁿ (wazhíⁿ) - bird, small birds [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: tu (tu) - blue, green [Omaha/Ponca]; tu (t͓u) - green; blue; blue or green [JOD-Omaha]; tu (tu) - any blue; green [Omaha]; ʰto (ṭo) - green; blue; blue or green shade [FL-Osage]; to (to) - green; blue [Kaw]

parallel, even with, opposite

► e-ta-ki-kaⁿ-za (ettákkikką́za) - opposite, even with, parallel

► cf. e-ta-kaⁿ-za (ettákkąza) - above, directly, opposite; e-ta (etta) - there [JOD]; ta (tta) - to, at, toward, in that direction; kaⁿ-ze (kką́ze), koⁿ-ze (kkǫ́ze) - equal in; kaⁿ-ze (ką́ze), koⁿ-ze (kǫ́ze) - pretend, feign, “to pretend by being equal to, to pretend by being similar to, to pretend by acting as, to pretend being like”; ki-koⁿ-ze (kíkǫze), ki-kaⁿ-ze (kíkąze) - teach someone something, “to teach by being similar to, to teach by acting as, to teach by doing as”; wa-kaⁿ-ze (waką́ze) - teacher, “to act as them, to be similar to them, to be like them, to do as them”; kaⁿ-se (kańse), (káñsĕ) - Kwapa name for the Kansa Indians; Kansa, Kanse, Kanze, Kanza, Kaw Tribe [JOD]

► Dhegiha: e-ʰta (e-ṭá) - thitherward; toward the person [FL-Osage]; e-ta (éta) - there, towards that place [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ta (-ta) - at, to [Omaha/Ponca]; ta (-ta) - suffix of position or of motion to a place; at; to [JOD-Omaha]; ʰta (ṭa) - in that direction [FL-Osage]; ʰta (ʰta) - toward, in the direction of, from, into [CQ-Osage]; ta (-ta) - in, at, towards: locative added to nouns or adverbs to create an adverb [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: i-goⁿ-za (ígoⁿça) - copy [Omaha]; ʰkoⁿ-za-ha gthiⁿ (ḳóⁿ-ça-ha gthiⁿ) - to sit side by side; to sit beside [FL-Osage]; ʰkoⁿ-za-ha moⁿ-thiⁿ (ḳóⁿ-ça-ha moⁿthiⁿ) - to walk side by side [FL-Osage]; ʰkoⁿ-za-ha zhoⁿ (ḳóⁿ-ça-ha zhoⁿ) - to lie side by side [FL-Osage]; ʰkoⁿ-za-ha shkoⁿ (ḳoⁿ-çá shkoⁿ) - simultaneous [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: goⁿ-ze-goⁿ (goⁿ-çé-goⁿ) - alike in appearance, similar, uniform [FL-Osage]; goⁿ-ze ʰki-goⁿ (goⁿ-çé ḳi-goⁿ) - alike, resembling [FL-Osage]; goⁿ-ze ʰki-toⁿ-ha (goⁿ-çé ḳi-toⁿ-ha) - equal in height [FL-Osage]; goⁿ-ze thoⁿ-ska (goⁿ-çé 'thoⁿ-çka) - same in size, as large as [FL-Osage]; koⁿ-ze-ʰki-ʰkoⁿ (kǫzéʰkiʰkǫ) - similar to or like each other, resembling each other [CQ-Osage]; koⁿ-ze-koⁿ (kǫzékǫ) - be the same as or like another, like, similar to or identical to [CQ-Osage]; go-ze e-go (góze égo) - alike, resembling something [Kaw]; go-ze ei-ki-khaⁿ (góze ékikhaⁿ) - equal length [Kaw]; go-ze e-na (góze éna) - equal, even in number or quantity, an even number [Kaw]; go-ze e-yoⁿ-ska (góze éyoⁿska) - equal in size, as large as, same size [Kaw]

parallel, side by side

► sa-ki-a (sákiá) - side by side [JOD]

► ex: ni-ti ki naⁿ zha-we to-ka naⁿ-pa sa-ki-a ni-kʰa (nítti kí ną žáwe tóka nąpá sákiá nikʰa) - when he arrived at the water, there were two male beavers side by side [JOD]

► Dhegiha: sa-kʰi-ba (sakʰíba) - together, beside, parallel, both together [Omaha/Ponca]; sa-ki-ba (sa-kí-ba) - both together; beside; parallel with [JOD-Omaha]; sa-kʰi-ba (çá-ḳí-ba) - side by side, parallel [FL-Osage]; sa-ki-ba (sakíba), sa-ki-wa (ságiwa) - parallel, side by side, together [Kaw]

part with, share, divide with, make offering

► a-da ka-xe (áda káγe) - share, divide with, part with, make offering ► a-da pa-xe (áda ppáγe) - I, a-da shka-xe (áda škáγe) - you

► cf. ka-xe (káγe) - make, do, cause

part, front part of the upper leg

► de-ta-ba-kaⁿ (déttabákką) - front part of upper leg

► cf. de-ta (détta) - upper part of leg; de-ta-ba-ko (déttabakkó) - leg above the knee, thigh; de-ta-ba-ko wa-hi (déttabakkó wahí) - femur, thigh bone

part, piece

► he-be (hébe), he-pe (hépe) - piece, part

► ex: di-he-pe (dihepé) - take out a piece of something

► ex: e-shoⁿ e-ti pa-ze he-be hi a-kde (ešǫ́ ettí ppáze hébe hí akdé) - so already (that) evening I started home

► Dhegiha: he-be (hébe) - partial; to be a part, piece, or portion of something [Omaha/Ponca]; he-be (hebe) - piece, part [Omaha]; he-be (hé-be) - a piece, a part, portion [FL-Osage]; he-pe (hépe) - a small amount, approximately half a container; piece, part, some, a bit; he-be (hébe) - piece, a little bit, a part [Kaw]

part, smaller part

► o-zhi-ka (ožíka), o-zhiⁿ-ka (óžįká) - smaller part, something small

► cf. zhi-ka (žíka), zhiⁿ-ka (žįká), zhi-ga (žigá) - small, little, young

► ex: a o-zhiⁿ-ka (á ožįka) - arm below elbow, forearm

► ex: de-ze o-zhi-ka (déze ožíka) - pharynx

► Dhegiha: u-zhiⁿ-ge (u-zhiⁿ-ge) - when it is yet small; the new moon [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: a u-zhiⁿ-ga (á-u-zhiⁿ-ga) - lower or forearm, from the elbow down to the wrist [FL-Osage]; a o-zhiⁿ-ga (áozhiⁿga) - arm below the elbow, radius [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: shi-be u-zhiⁿ-ga (shíbe uzhíⁿga) - small intestine [Omaha/Ponca]; shi-be u-zhiⁿ-ga (shíbe uzhiⁿga) - small imtestine [Omaha]

► Dhegiha: noⁿ-be hi u-zhiⁿ-ga (noⁿbe hi uzhiⁿga) - little finger [Omaha]; noⁿ-be u-zhiⁿ-ga (noⁿ-be u-zhíⁿ-ga) - little finger [FL-Osage]; naⁿ-bo-zhiⁿ-ga (naⁿbóhiⁿga) - little finger [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: sha-ge u-zhiⁿ-ga (shá-ge u-zhiⁿ-ga) - the small finger; the little finger [FL-Osage]; sha-ge u-zhiⁿ-ga (sháge ozhíⁿga) - the little finger [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: hi-ʰkoⁿ u-zhiⁿ-ga (hí-ḳoⁿ u-zhiⁿ-ga) - ankle, small one [FL-Osage]; hu-kaⁿ o-zhiⁿ-ga (húkaⁿ ozhíⁿga) - lower part of the leg just above the ankle [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: si-pa-hi u-zhiⁿ-ga (sipáhi uzhíⁿga) - little toe [Omaha/Ponca]; si-pa u-zhiⁿ-ga (çi-pá u-zhiⁿ-ga) - all the toes [FL-Osage]

part, soft part (tip) of the nose

► pa-zhiⁿ-zhe o-shtaⁿ-ka (ppažį́že oštą́ka) - nose, tip, “soft part”

► cf. pa (ppa) - nose; pa-zhiⁿ-zhe (ppažį́že) - nose; pʰa-zi zhe (p'azí˙že) - nose, may mean tip of nose [VG]; pa pa-si (ppáppasí) - tip of the nose; shtoⁿ-ka (štǫká) - soft; naⁿ-ta o-shtaⁿ-ka (nąttá oštąká) - ear lobe; wa-shtaⁿ-ka (waštą́ka) - green corn; di-shtoⁿ-ka (dištǫ́ka) - hold a soft object; a-bi-shtaⁿ-ka (ábištąka) - sit softly on, as when a horse is saddled with a blanket

► Dhegiha: pa u-shtoⁿ-ga (pá ushtóⁿga) - the soft part of the nose, around the tip, including the septum [Omaha/Ponca]; pa u-shtoⁿ-ga (paushtoⁿga) - septum [Omaha]

► Dhegiha: pa (pa) - nose [Omaha/Ponca]; pa (pa) - nose [Omaha]; ʰpa (p̣a) - snout, the projecting nose of an animal [FL-Osage]; ʰpa (ʰpá) - nose, snout [CQ-Osage]; pa (pa) - nose [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: pa-shi-zhe (pashízhe) - nose tip, tip of the nose [Omaha/Ponca]; pa-shi-zhe (pashizhe) - tip of the nose [Omaha]; ʰpa-zhu-zhe (p̣a-zhú-zhe) - the tip of the nose; the bill of a swan and other birds [FL-Osage]; pa-zho-zhe (pázhozhe), pa-zhu-zhe (pazhúzhe) - nostrils [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: pa-si (pasí) - tip, tongue-tip, tree-top, etc. [Omaha/Ponca]; pa-si (p̣a-çí) - point, a peak, the top of a pole, the top of a tree [FL-Osage]; ʰpa-su (ʰpasú) - tip or point of an object [CQ-Osage]; pa-su (pasú) - tip, point of an object, “like the point of a pencil” [Kaw]

part, that part

► koi-she (kóiše) - that part [JOD]

► cf. koi (kói) - there; she (šé) - that [JOD]

► Dhegiha: go (go) - that distant person or object; there, yonder: distal prefix of relative location; on the other side; on the far side [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: she (she) - that; that way; that course or direction [Omaha/Ponca]; she (ce) - that, refers to an object in sight of or near the speaker and the one addressed; that way or course [JOD-Omaha]; she (she) - that; there [FL-Osage]; she (še) - that (near you) [CQ-Osage]; she (šée) - here near you; there near you, there; him/her/it; that, that one near you [CQ-Osage]; she (she) - that (visible) [Kaw]

part, the part

► niⁿ-kʰe (nįkʰe) - the singular/sitting/animate or inanimate; continuative aux sitting

► ex: xwiⁿ niⁿ-kʰe (xwį́ nįkʰé) - offensive odor-the part [JOD]

► ex: shaⁿ-i-te, xwiⁿ niⁿ-kʰe pa-a-shpe naⁿ oⁿ-bde, naⁿ ho-taⁿ te (šą́įtte, xwį́ nįkʰé páašpe ną ǫbdé, ną hóttą tte) - well, when I cut out the bad/offensive smelling part and I throw it away, then it will be good [JOD]

► ex: xwiⁿ niⁿ-kʰe (xwį nįkʰe) - offensive odor-the part [JOD]

► ex: “shaⁿ-i-te, xwiⁿ niⁿ-kʰe pa-shpe naⁿ oⁿ-de, naⁿ ho-taⁿ te,” i-yi (“šą́įtte, xwį nįkʰe pášpe ną ǫde, ną hóttą tte,” iyí) - well, when the bad/offensive smelling part is cut out and thrown away, then it will be good, he said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: thiⁿ-ke (¢iñké) - the sitting animate object, the one sitting [JOD-Omaha]; thiⁿ-kʰe (thiⁿkʰé) - the sitting [Omaha/Ponca]; thiⁿ-kshe (thiⁿ-kshe) - the one sitting [FL-Osage]; iⁿ-kshe (įkšé), thiⁿ-kshe (ðįkšé) - sitting singular animate or inanimate positional article; 3^rd person sitting continuative aspect marker; lying down or horizontal inanimate plural positional article [CQ-Osage]; yiⁿ-khe (yiⁿkhé) - “the”; definite article used with the object of the verb; singular inanimate or animate; “the” in reference to an animate subject of a stative verb [Kaw]

part, they took part with

► a-ki-da-i (ákidá-i) - they took part with [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ o-zha ka-ki da-i ke ka-hi-ke taⁿ-ka e-zhiⁿ-ke a-ki-da-i ke taⁿ hi (kóišǫ́ttą óža káki dá-i ke kahíke ttąka ežį́ke ákkidá-i ké tą hí) - then/to dance/there/they went/the plural/chief/large/his son/they took part with (=danced)/the plural/when/she arrived [JOD]

part, upper part of the leg

► de-ta (détta) - upper part of leg

► cf. de-ta-ba-kaⁿ (déttabákką) - front part of upper leg; de-ta-ba-ko (déttabakkó) - leg above the knee, thigh; de-ta-ba-ko wa-hi (déttabakkó wahí) - femur, thigh bone

partiality, to show partiality to someone

► oⁿ-hi-kde (ǫ́hikde) - to show partiality to someone ► oⁿ-hi-a-kde (ǫ́hiakdé) - I, oⁿ-hi-da-kde (ǫ́hidakdé) - you

particle, clause final particle

► de (de), e-de (edé) - really, intentive by agent, clause final particle

► e-de (edé), de (dé) - really, indeed

► ex: ma-shtiⁿ-ke tʰi e-de ma-shtiⁿ-ke tʰi e-de i-ke-ya-we niⁿ i-ya (maštį́ke tʰi edé maštį́ke tʰi edé íkeyáwe nį́ iyá) - “the rabbit has come!, the rabbit has come!” they (black bears) said to one another, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: iⁿ-kaⁿ-e t’e-a-de e-de (įkká-e tʔeáde edé) - O grandmother, I have really killed him [JOD]

► ex: wi-te-ke t’e-di-de ta e-de i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke niⁿ (wítteke tʔédidé tta edé iyí iyá maštį́ke nį) - my uncle, you have surely been killed, said the rabbit, they say [JOD]

► ex: e-ti te na-ha i-di-si-si-ke hi ta-i e-de (étti tté nahá idísisike hi ttai edé) - do not go there, they will sure enough abuse you [JOD]

► ex: de shoⁿ-hi toⁿ niⁿ-kʰe e-de, i-ke (dé šǫ́hi ttǫ́ ettí nįkʰé edé, iké) - sure enough, there is a village in this direction, he said to her [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ-ba de aⁿ-naⁿ-bnaⁿ miⁿ-kʰe e-de (hǫ́ba de ąną́bną mįkʰe edé) - today, I am really tired of it [JOD]

► ex: o-do-tʰe aⁿ-di-xe niⁿ e-de, wi-ti-kaⁿ, i-ke (ódotʰe ądíxe nį edé, wittiką́, iké) - my grandfather, the man eater is sure enough chasing me, she said to him [JOD]

► ex: o! ka-tʰaⁿ wa-zhiⁿ de-da-zhi hi e-de, i-ye a-ta-ha (o! kátʰą wažį́ dédaži hi edé, íye attahá) - pshaw! I have sure enough lost my patience with him, he talks too much [JOD]

► ex: she o-do-ha-ke de (šé odóhake dé) - that’s sure enough the last one [JOD]

► ex: miⁿ-da-kʰe de, e-te a-zhaⁿ (mį́dakʰe dé, etté ažą́) - I think you are surely telling the truth [JOD]

► Dhegiha: the (the) - an oral stop used by females [FL-Osage]; the (ðe) - indeed; sentence-final declarative marker, “oral period”; probably once limited to female speech but now optionally used by males as well [CQ-Osage]; e-ye (eyé) - female emphatic particle, indeed [Kaw]

particle, declarative particle

► iⁿ (į) - declarative particle, female speech, also male?

► iⁿ (į) - period, oral stop [JOD]

► ex: ka-hi-ke taⁿ-ka t’e-di-ki-de ni-kʰa-she shoⁿ-te niⁿ-kʰe she iⁿ (kahíke ttą́ka tʔédikidé nikʰáše šǫté nįkʰe šé į) - you’all whose principal chief has been killed, here are the testicles [JOD]

► ex: “iⁿ-kaⁿ-e she iⁿ,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke tʰaⁿ (“įkką́-e šé į,” iyí iyá maštį́ke tʰą) - “there he is, grandmother,” said the rabbit [JOD]

► ex: shoⁿ iⁿ (šǫ́ į) - that will do [JOD]

particle, desiderative particle

► e-ska (éska) - desiderative particle, sentence initial

► Dhegiha: e-ska (é-ska) - more; in addition to; this word signifies that it is already well, but intimates a desire for more [JOD-Omaha]; e-ska-na (é-ska-na) - would that; I wish; a sign of the optative mode, occurring at the beginning of a clause [JOD-Omaha]

► kaⁿ (kką) - desiderative particle; sentence final

► Dhegiha: kaⁿ (kaⁿ) - an optative sign, occurring at the end of a clause or sentence [JOD-Omaha]; ʰkoⁿ (ḳoⁿ) - to wish or desire [FL-Osage]

particle, evidential particle

► a-we (áwe) - evidential particle

particle, question particle

► e-na (ená) - question particle, neg. expect, sentence final

particle, sentence final modal particle

► oⁿ-te (ǫtté) - expreses denial, sentence final modal particle, uninflected

partridge

► shi-o-shta (šióšta) - partridge

► shi-o-shta (schi-ushtah) - partridge (perdrix) [GI]

► cf. shi-shta (šíšta) - quail; sho-shta (šóšta), shu-shta (šúšta) - quail, partridge

► ex: shi-o-shta t’e-de (šióšta tʔéde) - he killed a quail/partridge [JOD]

► Dhegiha: shu (shu) - prairie hen, prairie chicken [Omaha/Ponca]; shu (shu) - prairie chicken; lesser chicken [Omaha]; shu (cú), shyu (cyu) - the prairie hen, prairie chicken [JOD-Omaha]; shu (shu) - prairie chicken, lesser chicken [Kaw]; shu-taⁿ-ga (shútaⁿga) - prairie chicken, quail [Kaw]

► sho-shta (šóšta), shu-shta (šúšta) - quail, partridge

► cf. shi-shta (šíšta) - quail; shi-o-shta (šióšta) - partridge

► Dhegiha: shu (shu) - prairie hen, prairie chicken [Omaha/Ponca]; shu (shu) - prairie chicken; lesser chicken [Omaha]; shu (cú), shyu (cyu) - the prairie hen, prairie chicken [JOD-Omaha]; shu (shu) - prairie chicken, lesser chicken [Kaw]; shu-taⁿ-ga (shútaⁿga) - prairie chicken, quail [Kaw]

party, last of a party or series

► a-shi-oⁿ-he (ášiǫhe) - last of a party or series

► cf. a-shi-aⁿ-he (ášią́he) - behind, or after him [JOD]; a-shi-aⁿ-he (ášiąhé) - afterward [JOD]; a-shi-oⁿ-he o-ki-si-kde (ášiǫhé ókisikdé) - walk in the trail of another (made long ago); a-shi-oⁿ-he-taⁿ (ášiǫhéttą) - later, afterward; a-shi-ta (ašítta) - behind; at or to the back or rear

► ex: a-shi-oⁿ-he hi tʰaⁿ tʰi-da-taⁿ t’e-de (ášiǫhe hí tʰą tʰidáttą tʔéde) - the last of the (hunting) party came, passed and killed it (the buffalo)

► ex: zhi-ka a-shi-oⁿ-he niⁿ-kʰe (žiká ášiǫhé nįkʰé) - the last of the young ones; the youngest one

► ex: wa-haⁿ-niⁿ-ke tʰaⁿ a-shi-aⁿ-he de (wahą́nįké tʰą ášiąhé dé) - the orphan went afterward (behind them, after them) [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ha-shi (háci) - last, after [JOD-Omaha]; ha-shi (hashi) - last [Omaha]; ha-shi (há-shi) - end, the last, omega [FL-Osage]; ha-shi (haaší) - last, in the back of, behind [CQ-Osage]; ha-shi (háshi) - last, tail end [Kaw]

Parula or Dendroica warbler

► o-ki zi-zi (okkí zízi) - warbler, Parula or Dendroica

pass away, die

► t’e (tʔe) - die ► aⁿ-t’e (ątʔé) - I, di-t’e (ditʔé) - you, t’a-we (tʔáwe) - they, wa-t’a-we (watʔáwe) - we

► t’e (teh) - die, pass away (mourir) [GI]

► t’e (heh) - death (mort la) [GI]

► ex: shoⁿ-hi-te aⁿ-t’e ta miⁿ-kʰe, aⁿ-t’e taⁿ zho za-ni ta-x’aⁿ-ki-da ni-he, aⁿ-naⁿki-ye (šǫ́hite ątʔé tta mįkʰé, ątʔé tą žó zaní táxʔąkidá-nihé, ąną́kiye) - well/at any rate I am going to die, when I'm dead barbecue all my flesh for me, he said to me [JOD]

► ex: aⁿ-t’e ta miⁿ-kʰe a-zhaⁿ-miⁿ, shoⁿ-hi-te (ątʔé tta mįkʰe ážąmį́, šǫ́hitte) - at any rate, I think I will be dead/die [JOD]

► ex: “shoⁿ-hi-te aⁿ-t’e ta miⁿ-kʰe, aⁿ-t’e taⁿ zho za-ni ta-x’aⁿ-ki-da ni-he,” aⁿ-naⁿki-ye (“šǫ́hitte ątʔé tta mįkʰé, ątʔé tą žó zaní táxʔąkidá-nihé,” ąną́kiye) - “well/at any rate I am going to die, when I’m dead barbecue all my flesh for me,” he said to me [JOD]

► ex: de-do tʰi, t’e kʰe (dedo tʰi, tʔe kʰe) - he/she arrived here, the dead (person)

► ex: t’e ki-da-kniⁿ pa naⁿ (tʔe kidáknį pa ną) - they liked to die

► Dhegiha: t’e (t’e) - to die, to be dead [Omaha/Ponca]; ʰts’e (ṭs'e) - to die, decease, demise, defunct, to swoon, to faint [FL-Osage]; ts’e (cʔé) - die, death, the dead, dead person [CQ-Osage]; ts’e (ts’e) - dead, to die, be dead [Kaw]

pass by

► tʰi-de (tʰidé) - pass by, come forth at birth, to begin suddenly ► a-tʰi-bde (atʰibdé) - I, da-tʰi-te (datʰitté) - you

► cf. tʰi (tʰi) - arrive, to have come here; de (de) - go

► Dhegiha: tʰi-the (ti-¢é) - pass; to begin, commence, or start suddenly; to come forth, as an infant at birth [JOD-Omaha]; tsi-the (tsi-the), ʰtsi-e (ṭsi-e) - passing by [FL-Osage]; ʰtsi-the (ṭsi-thé) - he hastened, he began, denoting sudden action [FL-Osage]; chi-ye (chiyé) - suddenly, action in this direction [Kaw]

pass by, kick at and miss

► naⁿ-kʰiⁿ-te (nąkʰį́tte) - kick at and miss, pass by ► a-naⁿ-kʰiⁿ-te (aną́kʰįtte) - I, da-naⁿ-kʰiⁿ-te (daną́kʰįtte) - you

► cf. naⁿ (ną) - by action of the foot; ba-kʰiⁿ-te (bakʰį́tte) - miss, slip pushing something; bi-kʰiⁿ-te (bikʰį́tte) - rub a slippery surface; di-kʰiⁿ-te (dikʰį́tte) - lose grip, slip over; bi-kʰiⁿ-te (bikʰį́tte) - rub a slippery surface; da-kʰiⁿ-te (dakʰį́tte) - bite at and miss, snap at; ka-kʰiⁿ-te (kakʰį́tte) - strike at and miss; kiⁿ-kʰiⁿ-te (kkį́kkįtté) - slippery; pa-kʰiⁿ-te (pákʰįtte) - cut at something and miss it; po-kʰiⁿ-te (pókʰįtte) - graze something while shooting

► Dhegiha: noⁿ-kshiⁿ-dse (noⁿ-kshíⁿ-dse) - barely missing an object in kicking at it [FL-Osage]; naⁿ-khiⁿ-je (naⁿkhíⁿje) - miss kicking at something [Kaw]

pass here on the way home

► kdi-kde (kdikdé) - pass here on the way home ► a-kdi-kde (ákdikdé) - I, da-kdi-kde (dákdikdé) - you, oⁿ-ka-kdi-kda-we (ǫkakdikdawe) - we

► cf. kdi (kdi) - to have come back here; kde (kdé) - go home, to start homeward

► Dhegiha: gthi-gthe (gthi-gthé) - to pass by an object; to pass by [FL-Osage]; li-le (lilé) - pass by a place on the way back or homeward [Kaw]

pass over, go over, walk on

► a-pʰe (ápʰe) - go over, pass over, walk on ► a-a-pʰe (áapʰe) - I, a-da-pʰe (ádapʰe) - you

► Dhegiha: a-pshe (á-pshe) - to walk on, or to go from house to house [FL-Osage]; a-pshe (ápše) - around, pass around, give around, walk around, go around, circulate [CQ-Osage]; a-phe (áphe) - walk on something, ascend, cover over, as a lodge with skins [Kaw]

pass over, stride over something

► a-ka-zha-te (ákažátte) - pass over, stride over something ► a-a-ka-zha-te (áakažátte) - I, a-da-ka-zha-te (ádakažátte) - you, oⁿ-ka-ka-zha-ta-we (ǫ́kakažáttawe) - we

► cf. ka-zha-te (kažátte) - straddle, (stand) astride

► Dhegiha: a-ga-zha-de (á-ga-ja-de) - to stride or straddle over an object; implying to step over, to pass over a person, etc. [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: ga-zha-de (ga-já-de) - to stand with the legs wide apart [JOD-Omaha]; ga-zha-je (gazháje) - stand with legs wide apart; to step over something [Kaw]

pass thou!

► tʰi-kda! (tʰikdá!) - pass thou! [JOD]

► cf. tʰi-kde (tʰikdé) - become suddenly

► ex: xa-da tʰi-kda! (xáda tʰikdá!) - back again-pass thou! [JOD]

► Dhegiha: tʰi-gthe (tí-g¢e) - expressive of sudden action; used after other verbs [JOD-Omaha]; ʰtsi-gthe (ṭsi-gthé) - denothing sudden action; sudden, suddenly [FL-Osage]

pass, I want

► koⁿ-bda (kkǫ́bda) - I want, desire

► ex: wa-ske koⁿ-bda (wáske kkǫbdá) - pass the bread (I want bread) [MS]

► Dhegiha: koⁿ-btha (koⁿbtha) - I want [Omaha]; kaⁿ-btha (káⁿb¢a) - I wish, I want, I desire [JOD-Omaha]; ʰkoⁿ-btha (ḳóⁿ-btha) - I desire [FL-Osage]; ʰkoⁿ-bra (ʰkǫ́bra) - I want, I desire [CQ-Osage]; koⁿ-bla (kóⁿbla) - I want [Kaw]

passed and killed it

► tʰi-da-taⁿ t’e-de (tʰidáttą tʔéde) - passed and killed it

► cf. tʰi-de (tʰidé) - pass by, come forth at birth, to begin suddenly, a-taⁿ (attą) - and; t’e-de (tʔede) -kill

► ex: a-shi-oⁿ-he hi tʰaⁿ tʰi-da-taⁿ t’e-de (ášiǫhe hí tʰą tʰidáttą tʔéde) - the last of the (hunting) party came, passed and killed it (the buffalo)

passed by, to have passed by in sight

► taⁿ-hi-de (ttąhíde) - to have passed by in sight

► cf. taⁿ-iⁿ (ttą́į) - visible, in sight; hi-de (hidé) - go, to have gone somewhere; hi-de (hidé) - to send here [JOD]; hi-da-zhi (hidáži) - went not [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ʰtoⁿ-iⁿ (ṭoⁿ́iⁿ), ʰtiⁿ (ṭiⁿ) - visible, readily seen [FL-Osage]; toiⁿ (tǫ́į), toⁿ-pe (tǫ́pe) - see, observe, watch, look, look at, on, or upon [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: hi-the (hi-thé) - to have gone, to have departed; to cause to reach there, to send thither [FL-Osage]; hi-the (híðe) - send there, literally, cause to arrive there [CQ-Osage]; hi-ye (hiyé) - to have gone somewhere; send, lit. “cause to arrive there” [Kaw]

Passed, Thunder Being Passed On

► wa-kaⁿ-ta tʰi-de (wa-kûń-t͓a ti-d^¢ĕ) - masculine name of the Kwapa wa-zhiⁿ-ka (wajiñk͓a) or Bird gens; The Thunder Being Passed on or Advanced. The first name of Alphonsus Valliere [JOD]

► cf. wa-kaⁿ-ta (wakką́tta) - spirit, God, Thunder Being; tʰi-de (tʰidé) - pass by, come forth at birth, to begin suddenly

► Dhegiha: wa-koⁿ-da (wakoⁿda) - God [Omaha]; wa-koⁿ-da (wakóⁿda) - power, of the sacred stones, name [Omaha]; wa-ʰkoⁿ-da (wa-ḳóⁿ-da) - God, the name applied by the Osage to the mysterious, invisible, creative power which brings into existence all living things of whatever kind [FL-Osage]; wa-ʰkoⁿ-ta (waʰkǫ́ta) - God [CQ-Osage]; wa-kaⁿ-da (wakáⁿda) - God [Kaw]; wa-kaⁿ-da (wa-káⁿ-da) - Thunder God, male name [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: tʰi-the (ti-¢é) - pass; to begin, commence, or start suddenly; to come forth, as an infant at birth [JOD-Omaha]; tsi-the (tsi-the), ʰtsi-e (ṭsi-e) - passing by [FL-Osage]; ʰtsi-the (ṭsi-thé) - he hastened, he began, denoting sudden action [FL-Osage]; chi-ye (chiyé) - suddenly, action in this direction [Kaw]

passengers, ferry passengers across stream

► wa-ki-to (wakítto) - ferry passengers across stream ► a-wa-ki-to (awákitto) - I, wa-da-ki-to (wadákitto) - you

► Dhegiha: wa-tu-gthaⁿ (wa-t͓ú-g¢aⁿ) - “something carried:” a load (on a sled or wagon) [JOD-Omaha]; wa-tu-gthoⁿ (watugthoⁿ) - haul [Omaha]; wa-ʰto-gthoⁿ (wa-ṭó-gthoⁿ) - to haul [FL-Osage]; wa-to-laⁿ (watólaⁿ), wa-to-la (watóla) - haul, hauling [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: tu-gthoⁿ (túgthoⁿ) - haul, to haul a load, as in a sled or wagon [Omaha/Ponca]; tu-gthaⁿ (t͓ú-g¢aⁿ) - to haul a load, as in a sled or wagon [JOD-Omaha]; tu-gthoⁿ (túgthoⁿ) - haul [Omaha]; ʰto-gthoⁿ (ṭó-gthoⁿ) - to haul; to carry from one place to another [FL-Osage]; to-laⁿ (tólaⁿ) - haul [Kaw]

Passes Along Chief

► ka-hi-ke tʰi-de (k͓ahík͓e tíd^¢ĕ) - male name, father of Louis Angell [JOD]; name translates to Passes Along Chief; called Lame Chief because of being lame, Lame Chief (b. 1800 d. 1874) was father to Tall Chief.

► ka-hi-ke tʰi-de (Kiahhacketady) - Treaty with the Quapaw (1824)

► ka-hi-ke tʰi-de (Kaheketteda) - Chief, Treaty with the Quapaw (1833)

► cf. ka-hi-ke (kahíke), ga-hi-ge (gahíge) - chief; tʰi-de (tʰidé) - pass by, come forth at birth, to begin suddenly

► Dhegiha: ga-hi-ge (gahíge) - Chief, male name [Omaha]; ga-hi-ge (ga-hí-ge) - the great one, the chief [FL-Osage]; ka-hi-ke (ka-hí-ke) - chief [CQ-Osage]; ga-hi-ge (gahíge) - chief, leader, ruler, be chief, to rule over, as a chief or U.S. agent does [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: tʰi-the (ti-¢é) - pass; to begin, commence, or start suddenly; to come forth, as an infant at birth [JOD-Omaha]; tsi-the (tsi-the), ʰtsi-e (ṭsi-e) - passing by [FL-Osage]; ʰtsi-the (ṭsi-thé) - he hastened, he began, denoting sudden action [FL-Osage]; chi-ye (chiyé) - suddenly, action in this direction [Kaw]

Passes, Sun Passes Along

► mi tʰi-de (mi tid^¢ĕ) - Sun Passes Along, sister of Mrs. Stafford [JOD]

► cf. mi (mi) - sun, moon, orb; tʰi-de (tʰidé) - pass by, come forth at birth, to begin suddenly

► Dhegiha: miⁿ (miⁿ) - sun, moon [Omaha/Ponca]; mi (mi) - sun [Omaha]; mi (mi) - sun [FL-Osage]; mi (mí), miⁿ (mį́į) - sun [CQ-Osage]; miⁿ (miⁿ) - sun [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: tʰi-the (ti-¢é) - pass; to begin, commence, or start suddenly; to come forth, as an infant at birth [JOD-Omaha]; tsi-the (tsi-the), ʰtsi-e (ṭsi-e) - passing by [FL-Osage]; ʰtsi-the (ṭsi-thé) - he hastened, he began, denoting sudden action [FL-Osage]; chi-ye (chiyé) - suddenly, action in this direction [Kaw]

Passing, Dog Passing by

► shoⁿ-ke tʰi-de (căñ́k͓e tíd^¢ĕ) - Kwapa masculine name [JOD]

► cf. shoⁿ-ke (šǫ́ke) - dog; tʰi-de (tʰidé) - pass by, come forth at birth, to begin suddenly

► Dhegiha: shoⁿge ʰtsi-e (shóⁿ-ge ṭsi-e) - Dog Passing By, personal name [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: shoⁿ-ge (shóⁿ-ge) - horse [Omaha/Ponca]; shoⁿ-ge (shoⁿge) - horse [Omaha]; shoⁿ-ge (shóⁿ-ge) - dog or wolf [FL-Osage]; shoⁿ-ke (šǫ́ke) - dog, wolf [CQ-Osage]; shoⁿ-ge o-yu-da (shóⁿge óyudá) - dog [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: tʰi-the (ti-¢é) - pass; to begin, commence, or start suddenly; to come forth, as an infant at birth [JOD-Omaha]; tsi-the (tsi-the), ʰtsi-e (ṭsi-e) - passing by [FL-Osage]; ʰtsi-the (ṭsi-thé) - he hastened, he began, denoting sudden action [FL-Osage]; chi-ye (chiyé) - suddenly, action in this direction [Kaw]

Passing, Haⁿka Passing By

► haⁿ-ka tʰi-de (hañ́k͓a tíd^¢ĕ) - Kwapa masculine name [JOD]

► cf. haⁿ-ka (hą́ka) - ancestral/first gens; tʰi-de (tʰidé) - pass by, come forth at birth, to begin suddenly

► Dhegiha: haⁿ-ga tsi-ye-ta (háⁿga ciyéta) - the Hañga or Gray Eagle Passes (and we see him) [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: hoⁿ-ga (hóⁿga) - leader or first, implies the idea of ancient, or first, people; those who led, moiety or tribal half representing the earth and it’s water [Omaha-Fletcher/LaFlesche]; huⁿ-ga (húⁿga) - ancient one, the one who goes before, leader, peace as symbolized by a little child [Omaha-Fletcher/LaFlesche]; haⁿ-ka (hañ́k͓a) - the name of the gentes on the right side of the Osage tribal circle [JOD-Osage]; hoⁿ-ga (hóⁿga) - the name of the two great tribal divisions of the Osage Tribe, the division representing the earth with its water and dry land. The word signifies sacred or holy, an object that is venerated. It is also the name of a subdivision representing the dry land of the earth. The dark-plummed eagle is spoken of by this term, because of its symbolic use; a child chosen as an emblem of innocence in a peace ceremony is called Hoⁿ-ga. The origin of the word, being obscure, can not be analyzed [FL-Osage]; haⁿ-ka (hą́ka) - sacred, holy, bald eagle, dark-plummed eagle, earth division of the Osage tribe, innocence emblem in peace ceremony, a child [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: tʰi-the (ti-¢é) - pass; to begin, commence, or start suddenly; to come forth, as an infant at birth [JOD-Omaha]; tsi-the (tsi-the), ʰtsi-e (ṭsi-e) - passing by [FL-Osage]; ʰtsi-the (ṭsi-thé) - he hastened, he began, denoting sudden action [FL-Osage]; chi-ye (chiyé) - suddenly, action in this direction [Kaw]

Passing, Hawk Passing By

► kde-taⁿ tʰi-de (ktqetắⁿ tíd^¢ĕ) - Kwapa masculine name [JOD]

► cf. kde-taⁿ (kdetą́) - hawk, smallest species; tʰi-de (tʰidé) - pass by

► Dhegiha: gthe-doⁿ tsi-e (gthe-dóⁿ tsi-e) - Hawk Passing By, personal name, refers to the hawk attacking prey [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: gthe-doⁿ (gthedóⁿ) - pigeon hawk [Omaha/Ponca]; gthe-doⁿ (gthedoⁿ) - American Sparrow Hawk [Omaha]; gthe-daⁿ (g¢edáⁿ) - hawk [JOD-Omaha]; gthe-doⁿ (gthe-dóⁿ) - hawk, falcon [FL-Osage]; le-toⁿ (letǫ́), le-taⁿ (letą́) - hawk [CQ-Osage]; gle-daⁿ (gledáⁿ), kle-taⁿ (klétaⁿ), le-daⁿ (ledáⁿ), le-taⁿ (létaⁿ) - hawk [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: tʰi-the (ti-¢é) - pass; to begin, commence, or start suddenly; to come forth, as an infant at birth [JOD-Omaha]; tsi-the (tsi-the), ʰtsi-e (ṭsi-e) - passing by [FL-Osage]; ʰtsi-the (ṭsi-thé) - he hastened, he began, denoting sudden action [FL-Osage]; chi-ye (chiyé) - suddenly, action in this direction [Kaw]

Passing, Raven Passing By

► ka-xe tʰi-de (káqe tíd^¢ĕ) - Kwapa masculine name [JOD]

► cf. ka-xe (kkáγe) - raven; tʰi-de (tʰidé) - pass by, come forth at birth, to begin suddenly

► Dhegiha: ka-xe ka-ti-the (kaxékatithe) - Crow Sound Passing, male name [Omaha]

► Dhegiha: ka-xe (káxe) - crow [Omaha/Ponca]; ka-xe (káxe) - crow [Omaha]; ka-xe (k͓áxe) - crow [JOD-Omaha]; ʰka-xe (ḳá-xe) - crow [FL-Osage]; ʰka-xe (ʰkáɣe) - crow [CQ-Osage]; ka-ghe (kághe) - crow [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: tʰi-the (ti-¢é) - pass; to begin, commence, or start suddenly; to come forth, as an infant at birth [JOD-Omaha]; tsi-the (tsi-the), ʰtsi-e (ṭsi-e) - passing by [FL-Osage]; ʰtsi-the (ṭsi-thé) - he hastened, he began, denoting sudden action [FL-Osage]; chi-ye (chiyé) - suddenly, action in this direction [Kaw]

passing, taunt while passing a foe

► a-pa-kdaⁿ-da-hi de (ápakdądáhi dé), a-pa-knaⁿ-da-hi de (apaknądáhi dé) - taunt while passing a foe ► a-pa-kdaⁿ-bda-hi bde (ápakdąbdáhi bdé) - I, a-pa-kdaⁿ-ta-hi te (ápakdąttáhi tté) - you

Passing, Walks Passing By

► maⁿ-niⁿ tʰi-de (maⁿníⁿ tíd^¢ĕ́) - Kwapa masculine name [JOD]

► cf. maⁿ-niⁿ (mąnį́) - walk; tʰi-de (tʰidé) - pass by, come forth at birth, to begin suddenly

► Dhegiha: moⁿ-thiⁿ (moⁿthíⁿ) - to walk [Omaha/Ponca]; maⁿ-thiⁿ (maⁿ¢iⁿ́) - to walk, to go; used also to express continued action [JOD-Omaha]; moⁿ-thiⁿ (moⁿ-thiⁿ), moⁿ-iⁿ (moⁿ-íⁿ) - to walk; to exist [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-thiⁿ (mąðį́), maⁿ-iⁿ (mą́į) - walk, go by walking, go by foot, go away, go, go on, get moving, go ahead, approach, move in closer, stay, act or live a certain way, go around a certain way [CQ-Osage]; maⁿ-yiⁿ (maⁿyíⁿ) - walk; move [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: tʰi-the (ti-¢é) - pass; to begin, commence, or start suddenly; to come forth, as an infant at birth [JOD-Omaha]; tsi-the (tsi-the), ʰtsi-e (ṭsi-e) - passing by [FL-Osage]; ʰtsi-the (ṭsi-thé) - he hastened, he began, denoting sudden action [FL-Osage]; chi-ye (chiyé) - suddenly, action in this direction [Kaw]

past sign

► naⁿ (ną), noⁿ (nǫ) - past sign, when [JOD]

► ex: wa-sa ti-kde ke-ti hi naⁿ (wasá ttikdé ke-tti hi ną) - when he arrived to the black bear village [JOD]

► ex: wa-sa ka-hi-ke niⁿ-kʰe-ti e-ti hi naⁿ, i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (wasá kahíke nįkʰétti étti hí-ną, iyá maštį́ke) - when the rabbit arrived there, to where the black bear chief resides, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-kaⁿ naⁿ-pa ti-kde ni-kʰa naⁿ (maštį́ke eką́ ną́pa ttíkde nikʰá-ną) - the rabbit and his grandmother dwelt together [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ pa naⁿ, i-ya-we (kóišǫ ppá ną, iyáwe) - so they did (in the past), they say [JOD]

past suffix

► ye (ye), e (e) - past suffix, perfective aspect, past, including all motion verbs

► ex: ki-ho-taⁿ ye wa-x’o koi (kíhottą ye waxʔó kói) - she liked it [MS]

► ex: da-tʰe-ye (datʰéye) - to have eaten; da-tʰe (datʰé) - eat, chew + ye (-ye) - past suffix

► ex: i-ka-zo-ye (íkazóye) - to have written; i-ka-zo (íkazo) - write, draw + ye (-ye) - past suffix

► ex: i-ke-ye (ikéye) - to have said something to someone; i-ke (iké) - say (the preceding) to someone + ye (-ye) - past suffix

► ex: i-ki-tʰiⁿ-ye (íkitʰį́ye) - to have hit one’s own; i-ki-tʰiⁿ (íkitʰį) - hit one’s own + ye (-ye) - past suffix

► ex: i-tʰiⁿ-ye (ítʰįye) - to have hit; i-tʰiⁿ (itʰį́) - hit, strike with something + ye (-ye) - past suffix

► ex: i-ye-ye (iyéye) - to have spoken, yesterday or before; i-ye (íye), i-e (íe) - talk, speak + ye (-ye) - past suffix

► ex: i-yi-ya (iyíya) - to have said; i-e (ié), i-ye (iyé) - say + ye (-ye) - past suffix

► ex: ka-xe-ye (káγeye) - to have made, done, caused; ka-xe (káγe) - make, do, cause + ye (-ye) - past suffix

► ex: ka-ste-ste-ye (kastésteye) - to have cut to shreds; ka-ste-ste (kastéste) - cut or beat to shreds/slivers + ye (-ye) - past suffix

► ex: ka-za-za-te-ye (kazázatteyé) - to have cut to shreds; ka-za-za-te (kazázatte) - chop to pieces, slivers + ye (-ye) - past suffix

► ex: kniⁿ-ye (knį́ye) - to have sat, have dwelt; kniⁿ (knį), kdiⁿ (kdį) - sit, be sitting, be in a place, camp + ye (-ye) - past suffix

► ex: o-ki-ke-ye (okíkkeye) - to have talked to a relation; o-ki-ki-e (okíkkie) - talk to a relation + ye (-ye) - past suffix

► ex: o-tʰiⁿ-ye (otʰį́-ye) - to have struck; o-tʰiⁿ (otʰį́) - strike, slap, hit + ye (-ye) - past suffix

► ex: taⁿ-niⁿ-ye (ttąnį́ye) - to have run; taⁿ-niⁿ (ttą́nį) - run, as a person not an animal + ye (-ye) - past suffix

past witnessed evidential

► ya (-ya) - past witnessed evidential

► ex: i-ya (iyá) - it is said, they say, quotative, hearsay evidential

► ex: i-yi i-ya (iyí iyá) - quotative embedded, it is said he said in myths

► ex: wa-koⁿ-da-ya (wákkǫdáya) - attack plural/animate beings, (witnessed), used of past act seen by speaker

past, completive aspect

► tʰe (tʰe) - past, completive aspect

► tʰe (tʰe) - the act [JOD]

► ex: aⁿ-ki-niⁿ kde tʰe (ą́kinį kde tʰe) - he took her (it) from me and went back [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ sh’a-ke niⁿ wa-taⁿ a-ki-de tʰe kdi (kóišǫ́ttą šʔáke nį wattą́ akíde tʰé kdí) - then the old man returned with the goods that he went after [JOD]

past, continuative habitual

► niⁿ-kʰe-naⁿ (nįkʰéną) - continuative habitual, past

► cf. niⁿ-kʰe (nįkʰé) - 3^rd person singular, continuative aux sitting; naⁿ (ną), noⁿ (nǫ) - habitual postclitic; naⁿ (ną), noⁿ (nǫ) - past sign, when [JOD]

► ex: ni-kʰa naⁿ (nikʰá ną) - they who sat/past sign [JOD]

► ex: wa-x’o to-wa ti-kde ni-kʰa naⁿ (waxʔó tówa ttíkde nikʰá ną) - four women were dwelling in a lodge [JOD]

past, potential modality in past

► i-te (itté) - potential modality in past

► ex: tʰe i-te (tʰe itté) - may have, in the past [JOD]

► ex: ho-wa-tʰe-ti t’e-dai tʰe i-te i-da-ki-de te i-ye niⁿ i-ya wa-x’o zhi-ka niⁿ (hówa tʰettí tʔédai tʰe itté idákide tte iyé nį iyá waxʔóžiká nį) - the old woman said, “wherever they may have killed him, I will seek him,” it is said (they say) [JOD]

past, sign of past time

► e-de (edé) - but, sign of past time

► ex: e-de ni-ka-shi-ka zho-hi hi o-kda-x’a-x’a-we i-ya bdo-ka hi (edé níkkašíka žóhi hi okdáxʔaxʔáwe iyá bdóka hi) - but there were a great many people, the entire group gave the scalp yell, it is said (they say) [JOD]

past, to have gone from one’s own

► ki-hi-de (kíhide) - to have gone from one’s own, past

► cf. hi-de (hidé) - go, to have gone somewhere; a-ki-niⁿ hi-de (ákinį hidé) - to have taken someone’s property

► Dhegiha: hi-the (hi-thé) - to have gone, to have departed, to cause to reach there, to send thither [FL-Osage]; hi-the (híðe) - send there, literally, cause to arrive there [CQ-Osage]; hi-ye (hiyé), i-ye (iyé) - to have gone to a particular place, to have set as the sun, to have gone (somewhere), send [Kaw]

paste, glue

► we-da-ta-knaⁿ-de (wédattaknąde) - paste, glue

► cf. a-da (áda) - glue on, glue feathers on an arrow; a-da-ska (ádaska) - stick, adhere, as pitch, mud or snow; i-da-da (idáda) - glue something to something; maⁿ i-da-da (mą idáda) - arrow feathers; a-ta-knaⁿ (áttakną) - stick, adhere to; knaⁿ (kną), kdaⁿ (kdą) - set, put

► Dhegiha: a-tha-ha (áthaha) - to stick to [Omaha/Ponca]; a-tha-ha (á-tha-ha) - to stick to one as does mud [FL-Osage]; a-ya-ha (áyaha) - stick to one, as mud [Kaw]

pat

► o-tʰiⁿ-tʰiⁿ (otʰį́tʰį) - pat ► o-a-tʰiⁿ-tʰiⁿ (oátʰįtʰį) - I, o-da-tʰiⁿ-tʰiⁿ (odátʰįtʰį) - you

► cf. o-tʰiⁿ (otʰį́) - strike, slap, hit; o-ki-tʰiⁿ (okkítʰį) - hit oneself; o-ki-tʰiⁿ (okítʰį) - strike on behalf of someone else; o-ki-tʰiⁿ (okítʰį) - strike one’s own

► Dhegiha: u-tiⁿ-tiⁿ (utiⁿtiⁿ) - tap [Omaha]; u-tiⁿ-tiⁿ (u-tíⁿ-tiⁿ) - to hit many times [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: u-tiⁿ (utiⁿ) - beat, hit, spank, strike, a blow, club [Omaha]; u-tʰiⁿ (utʰíⁿ) - to hit or strike him [Omaha/Ponca]; u-tiⁿ (u-tíⁿ) - to hit or strike him [JOD-Omaha]; u-tiⁿ (ú-tiⁿ) - to hit or strike them [JOD-Omaha]; u-tsiⁿ (ú-tsiⁿ) - to maul, to beat, to pound, to strike, to give a drubbing, to thrash [FL-Osage]; o-tsʰiⁿ (ocʰí) - whip strongly, beat up, spank or get someone, drub, thrash [CQ-Osage]; o-tsʰiⁿ (ócʰį) - hit or beat things, such as a drum [CQ-Osage]; o-chiⁿ (ochíⁿ) - hit [Kaw]

patch

► we-da-ba-sta (wédabasta) - a patch

► cf. a-ba-sta (ábasta) - patch, put a patch on a moccasin, etc.

► Dhegiha: we-a-ba-sta (wéabásta) - a patch; material used for patching moccasins [Omaha/Ponca]

► Dhegiha: a-ba-sta (ábasta) - a patch, patch, to patch, to put a patch on [Omaha/Ponca]; a-ba-sta (a-ba-çta) - patch [FL-Osage]; hoⁿ-be a-ba-sta (hoⁿ-be a-ba-çta) - to patch moccasins [FL-Osage]; a-ba-sta (ábasta) - patch a moccasin; put on a patch [Kaw]

patch, put a patch on a moccasin, etc.

► a-ba-sta (ábasta) - patch, put a patch on a moccasin, etc. ► a-pa-sta (áppasta) - I, a-shpa-sta (ášpasta) - you, oⁿ-ka-pa-sta-we (ǫkápastawe) - we

► cf. we-da-ba-sta (wédabasta) - a patch

► Dhegiha: a-ba-sta (ábasta) - a patch, patch, to patch, to put a patch on [Omaha/Ponca]; a-ba-sta (a-ba-çta) - patch [FL-Osage]; hoⁿ-be a-ba-sta (hoⁿ-be a-ba-çta) - to patch moccasins [FL-Osage]; a-ba-sta (ábasta) - patch a moccasin; put on a patch [Kaw]

path, go along that path

► o-ha de (óha dé) - to go in that direction, go along that path [JOD]

► cf. o-ha (ohá) - following, following its course [JOD]; de (de) - go

► ex: hi-da-ta-kde o-ha de (hidáttakde óha dé) - she ascended the ladder [JOD]

► Dhegiha: u-ha (uhá) - following, following it, following the course [JOD-Omaha]; u-ha u-ga-shoⁿ (uha ugashoⁿ) - tour [Omaha]; ha (ha) - through (direction), along a path, in a direction, by way of, from [CQ-Osage]

path, road

► o-zhoⁿ-ke (ožǫ́ke) - road

► o-zhoⁿ-ke (oh-jōnkĭeh) - path, road (chemin) [GI]

► o-zhoⁿ-ke (ožǫ́ke) - road [MS, FR, OM]

► ex: ka-xnaⁿ o-zhoⁿ-ke (kaxną́ ožǫ́ke) - migratory route, hunting route

► ex: pe-te zhoⁿ-di-taⁿ-da o-zhoⁿ-ke (ppétte žǫ́dittą́da ožǫke) - railway lit. “fire wagon road”

► ex: ožǫ́ke a-ka-ki-zhe (ožǫ́ke ákakíže) - winding road

► ex: o-zhoⁿ-ke a-ki-di-te (ožǫ́ke ákkiditte) - crossroads

► ex: o-zhoⁿ-ke ki-di-zhoⁿ-ka (ožǫ́ke kkídižǫká) - fork in a road

► ex: wa-haⁿ-niⁿ-ke o-zhoⁿ-ke e-ki-zhi o-ha hi (wahą́nįke ožǫ́ke ekíži ohá hí) - the orphan arrived following along a different road [JOD]

► ex: o-zhoⁿ-ke do-taⁿ hi (ožǫ́ke dóttą hí) - a very straight road [JOD]

► ex: o-zhoⁿ-ke e-zhi o-pa (ožǫ́ke éži opá) - she followed along a different road [JOD]

► Dhegiha: u-zhoⁿ-ge (uzhóⁿge) - road [Omaha]; u-zhaⁿ-ge (u-jáñ-ge) - a road, way; a street [JOD-Omaha]; u-zhoⁿ-ge (u-zhoⁿ-ge) - a trail, a path, a route to be taken, a thoroughfare, a road, a dirt road [FL-Osage]; o-zhaⁿ-ke (óžąke) - road, highway, thoroughfare, route, path, pathway, orbit [CQ-Osage]; o-zhaⁿ-ge (ozháⁿge), o-zhoⁿ-ge (ozhóⁿge) - road; line of fireplaces in a camp [Kaw]

patience, to lose patience

► wa-zhiⁿ de-da-zhi (wažį́ dédaži) - to lose patience ► wa-zhiⁿ de-a-da-zhi (wažį́ déadáži) - I, wa-zhiⁿ de-da-da-zhi (wažį́ dédadáži) - you

► cf. wa-zhiⁿ (wažį́) - disposition, will, mind, will power; de-de (déde) - sent away, causative of go; zhi (ži) - not, negation; wa-zhiⁿ shi-ke (wažį́ šíke) - mean, bad thoughts, hateful, spiteful [MS]; wa-zhiⁿ ska (wa-jĭⁿ́-skă) - masculine name of the (Kwapa) oⁿ-pʰoⁿ (oⁿpʰŭⁿ) gens; White Disposition, Wise [JOD]

► ex: o! ka-tʰaⁿ wa-zhiⁿ de-da-zhi hi e-de, i-ye a-ta-ha (o! kátʰą wažį́ dédaži hi edé, íye attahá) - pshaw! I have sure enough lost my patience with him, he talks too much [JOD]

► Dhegiha: wa-zhiⁿ the-the (wa-jǐⁿ ́ ¢é-¢ĕ) - to sympathize with a man, without helping him when he injures or hurts a foe (of the sympathizer): to be glad when a foe is injured, hurt, or killed by another who is no foe [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: wa-zhiⁿ (wazhiⁿ) - will power [Omaha]; wa-zhiⁿ (wa-jíⁿ) - disposition, temper, mind: generally used in a bad sense, bad temper [JOD-Omaha]; wa-zhiⁿ (wa-zhíⁿ) - own will, volition [FL-Osage]; wa-zhiⁿ (wažį́) - will, mind, idea [CQ-Osage]; wa-zhiⁿ (wazhíⁿ) - thoughts, disposition [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: the-the (¢é¢ĕ) - send suddenly [JOD-Omaha]; the-the (thé-the) - to send, to transmit [FL-Osage]; the-the (ðéeðe) - make go, cause to go, send, mail [CQ-Osage]; ye-ye (yéye) - auxiliary verb indicating sudden movement or forceful action; far off, in the distance [Kaw]

pattering sound

► ka-xo-wa-de (kaxówade) - pattering sound

► cf. di-xo-xo-wa-de (dixóxowáde) - rustle, make rustling sound; ka-xo-xo-te (kaxóxotte) - make a whooshing sound; ka-xoⁿ-xoⁿ-te (kaxǫ́xǫtte) - make a whooshing sound; ka-xoⁿ-te (kaxǫ́tte) - whizzing sound, as a bullet; ga-xoⁿ-xoⁿ-te (gaγǫ́γǫtte) - buzzing, humming sound

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ iⁿ-tʰiⁿ de-de naⁿ ka-xo-wa-de i-naⁿ, i-ya-we (kóišǫ́ttą į́tʰį déde ną kaxówade iną́, iyáwe) - then he threw the club/stick, when it alighted suddenly making the sound “pŭ” from hitting the ground, they say [JOD]

paw the ground, as dog or horse

► wa-ka-k’o (wakákʔo) - paw the ground, as dog or horse

► cf. we-ka-k’o (wékakʔo) - flesher for hides; we-ba-k’o (wébakʔo) - scraper or flesher for hides; di-k’o (dikʔó) - dig with knife, spade or paws

► Dhegiha: ga-’u (ga’ú) - to scrape [JOD-Omaha]; ga-k’u (ga-ḳ’u) - scrape [FL-Osage]; ga-k’o (gak’ó) - to paw away the earth or snow, as horses do; scrape off, as snow, with an instrument, as a hoe or ax [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: we-ga-’u (wéga’u) - a scraper used in fleshing a hide, by pulling or scraping towards the operator [Omaha/Ponca]; we-ga-ʰk’u (wé-ga-ḳ’u) - skin scraper [FL-Osage]; we-ga-k’o (wégak’o) - scraper, flesher for hides [Kaw]

Pawhuska, OK

► pa-hi ska (ppahíska) - bald eagle; white head; name of Pawhuska, OK.

► pa-hi ska (ppahíska) - white head [MS, OM, LQ]

► pa-hi ska (pa-hí ska) - masculine name, White Head [JOD]

► cf. pa-hi (ppahí) - head; ska (ska) - white; pa-hi-ska zhi-ka (ppahíska žíka) - dwarfs, not often seen

► Dhegiha: pa-hi-ska (pahíska) - head; hair; white (buffalo when shoulder hair is shed), male name [Omaha]; pa-hi-ska (pahískă) - personal name, white hair of the head [Omaha/Ponca]; ʰpa-hiu-ska (p̣a-hiú-çka) - white hair, personal name, refers to the sacred white buffalo [FL-Osage]; ʰpa-hiⁿ-ska (ʰpahį́įska) - Pawhuska, lit., “white head hair, white hair (of the head) [CQ-Osage]; pa-hu-ska taⁿ-ga (pahúska táⁿga) - Large one with White Hair, White Hair, Sr., male name [Kaw]

Pawnee Indians

► pa-ni-ma-ha (ppanimáha) - Pawnee

► pa-ni-ma-ha (ppanimáha) - Pawnee Indians [MS]

► pa-ni-ma-ha (pánimaha) - kwapa name for the Pawnee Indians, very probably this name refers to the Skidi alone [JOD]

► Dhegiha: pa-thiⁿ-ma-hoⁿ (páthiⁿmáhoⁿ) - Skidi or Pawnee Loups, a tribe of the Pawnees [Omaha/Ponca]; ʰpa-iⁿ moⁿ-hoⁿ (p̣a-iⁿ moⁿ-hoⁿ) - the Osage name for a band of the Pawnees known as Shki-thi [FL-Osage]; ʰpa-thiⁿ-moⁿ-hoⁿ (p̣á-thiⁿ-moⁿ-hoⁿ) - the Osage name for the Pawnee Indians [FL-Osage]; ʰpa-thi-ma-ha (ʰpaðímaha), ʰpaiⁿ-ma-ha (ʰpáįmaha) - Pawnee Indians [CQ-Osage]; pa-yiⁿ-ma-haⁿ (páyiⁿmáhaⁿ) - Skidi Pawnee, Pawnee Loup [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: pa-thiⁿ (páthiⁿ) - Pawnee; the Pawnees [Omaha/Ponca]; pa-thiⁿ (páthiⁿ) - Pawnee Tribe [Omaha]; ʰpa-iⁿ (p̣a-iⁿ) - the Osage name for the Pawnee Tribe [FL-Osage]; ʰpa-thiⁿ (p̣á-thiⁿ) - a general term for tribes not related to the Osage [FL-Osage]; ʰpa-thiⁿ (ʰpáðį), ʰpaiⁿ (ʰpáį) - western tribe or tribal member, refers to any tribe from the western United States, Pawnee tribe or tribal member, Kiowa tribe or tribal member [CQ-Osage]; pa-yiⁿ (páyiⁿ) - Pawnee [Kaw]

pawpaw, banana

► to-zhoⁿ-ke (tožǫ́ke) - pawpaw, banana

► to-zhoⁿ-ke (tožǫ́ke) - banana [MS]

► ex: to-zhoⁿ-ke bda-tʰe miⁿ-kʰe (tožǫ́ke bdátʰe mįkʰé) - I’m eating a banana [MS]

► Dhegiha: ʰto-zhoⁿ-ge (ṭó-zhoⁿ-ge) - the fruit of the papaw tree, much liked by the Osage Indians [FL-Osage]; ʰto-zhaⁿ-ke (ʰtožąke) - banana, pawpaw (archaic meaning) [CQ-Osage] to-zhaⁿ hu (tózhaⁿ hu) - pawpaw tree; a certain kind of wood used by the Kansas for kindling a fire [Kaw]

paws, dig with the paws

► di-k’o (dikʔó) - dig with knife, spade or paws ► bdi-k’o (bdíkʔo) - I, ti-k’o (ttíkʔo) - you

► cf. wa-ka-k’o (wakákʔo) - paw the ground, as dog or horse; we-ba-k’o (wébakʔo) - scraper or flesher for hides; we-ka-k’o (wékakʔo) - flesher for hides; di-ko-ko (dikóko) - digs out often [JOD]; di-ko-te (dikótte) - dig out, probe; o-di-x’o-te (odíxʔotte) - bore a hole; o-x’o-te (oxʔótte) - hole, natural opening; di-k’o-te wa-xe (dikʔó tte waxé) - digging a grave [MS]

► Dhegiha: yu-k’o (yuk'ó) - scrape clean, dig up [Kaw]; a-yu-k’o (áyuk'o), a-yi-k’o (áyik'o) - dig a hole with the hands [Kaw]; ba-ʰk’u (ba-ḳ’ú) - to dig a ditch [FL-Osage]; pa-k’o (paakʔó) - dig, dig a grave [CQ-Osage]

pay

► i-ki-da (íkida) - pay ► i-da-ki-bda (idákibdá) - I, i-da-ki-ta (ídakittá) - you

► ex: mi-aⁿ-ba mi-xti-naⁿ ma-ze-ska kde-bnaⁿ taⁿ naⁿ-pa a-kniⁿ aⁿ-naⁿ-ki-da (mią́ba míxtiną mazéska kdébnąttą́ nąpá aknį́ ąną́kidá) - he paid me twelve dollars a month

pay attention, attend, give heed, to insist on

► a-ki-hi-te (ákkihítte) - pay attention, attend, give heed, to insist on ► a-ki-hi-te (áakkihítte) - I, a-da-ki-hi-te (ádakkihítte) - you, oⁿ-ka-ki-hi-ta-we (ǫkákkihíttawe) - we

► cf. di-hi-te (dihítte) - meddle with things

► ex: a-ki-hi-te kniⁿ di-ni-ke (ákkihitte knį́ diníke) - you have no one to attend to you regularly

pay off a wrong, get even

► e-ki-k’aⁿ (ékikʔą́) - get even, pay off a wrong ► e-ki-a-k’aⁿ (ékiakʔą́) - I, e-ki-da-k’aⁿ (ékidakʔą́) - you

► Dhegiha: e-goⁿ-gi-ʰk’oⁿ (é-goⁿ-gi-ḳ’oⁿ) - retaliation of one individual upon another [FL-Osage]; e-gi-wa-gi-ʰk’oⁿ (é-gi-wa-gi-ḳ’oⁿ) - revenge, injury for injury received, retaliation of one tribe on another tribe [FL-Osage]

pea, peas

► hoⁿ-bniⁿ-ke shoⁿ-shoⁿ (hǫbnį́ke šǫ́šǫ) - pea(s)

► cf. hoⁿ-bniⁿ-ke (hǫbnį́ke) - bean, beans; shoⁿ-shoⁿ (šǫ́šǫ) - round, spherical

► Dhegiha: hiⁿ-bthiⁿ-ge bu-ta (hiⁿbthíⁿge búta) - peas, “round beans” [Omaha/Ponca]; hiⁿ-bthiⁿ-ge moⁿ-ze moⁿ e-goⁿ (hiⁿbthiⁿge moⁿçe moⁿ egoⁿ) - peas, “beans like a bullet” [Omaha]; hoⁿ-briⁿ-ke ʰto-ho zhiⁿ (hǫ́brįke ʰtóho žį) - peas, “little green beans” [CQ-Osage]; hoⁿ-bliⁿ pa-sa-be (hoⁿblíⁿ pasábe), hoⁿ-bliⁿ pa-sha-be (hoⁿblíⁿ pashábe) - black-eyed peas, lit. “beans with dark heads” [Kaw]; hoⁿ-bliⁿ su taⁿ-ga (hoⁿbliⁿ sútaⁿga) - butterbeans; turkey peas, such as are stored away by the field mice [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: hiⁿ-bthiⁿ-ge (hiⁿbthíⁿge) - beans [Omaha/Ponca]; hiⁿ-bthiⁿ-ge (hiⁿbthiⁿge) - bean [Omaha]; hoⁿ-bthiⁿ-ge (hoⁿ-bthíⁿ-ge) - beans [FL-Osage]; hoⁿ-briⁿ-ke (hǫbrį́ke) - beans, green beans [CQ-Osage]; hoⁿ-bliⁿ-ge (hoⁿblíⁿge) - beans [Kaw]

peach stone

► kaⁿ-te si (kkątté si) - peach stone

► kaⁿ-te si (kką́tte sí) - apple seed [MS]

► cf. kaⁿ-te (kką́tte) - apple [MS, OM]; si (si) - seed, pit, grain, kernel

► Dhegiha: koⁿ-de (kóⁿde) - a plum, plums [Omaha/Ponca]; koⁿ-de (koⁿde) - plum [Omaha]; kaⁿ-de (k͓áⁿ-de) - a plum; plums [JOD-Omaha]; ʰko-dse (ḳóⁿ-dse) - plums, any kind of fruit, as plums, peaches, apples, applied to fruit in general [FL-Osage]; ʰkaⁿ-tse (ʰką́ące) - apple; fruit [CQ-Osage]; kaⁿ-je (káⁿje) - plum; fruit [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: si (si) - seed; seeds [Omaha/Ponca]; si (si) - seed, in general; a seed [JOD-Omaha]; si (çi), su (çu) - seed [FL-Osage]; su (súu) - seed, pit, kernel [CQ-Osage]

peach stone dice

► kaⁿ-te si i-koⁿ (kuⁿ ta sī ī kuⁿ) - peach stone dice (different type), from Lizzie Cedar [MH]

► cf. kaⁿ-te si (kkątté si) - peach stone; i-koⁿ (íkǫ), i-kaⁿ (íką) - gamble, bet; i-ka-zo-zo i-koⁿ (i-kah-zŭzŭ-ikan) - cards, playing cards (cartes á jouer) [GI]

► Dhegiha: wa-koⁿ (wakoⁿ) - gamble, bet [Omaha]; i-kʰ’oⁿ (í-ḳ’oⁿ) - gamble [FL-Osage]; k’ǫ (kʔǫ́) - gamble, play [CQ-Osage]; i-k’oⁿ (ík’oⁿ) - gamble, to contend in a race or other competition [Kaw]

► koⁿ-se-koⁿ (gŭⁿ sē gŭⁿ) - peach stone dice, from Mrs. P. Claber [MH]

► koⁿ-si-koⁿ (gŭⁿ sǐ kŭⁿ) - dice (turtle), “kia tuⁿka”, from Mrs. P. Claber [MH]

► cf. i-koⁿ (íkǫ), i-kaⁿ (íką) - gamble, bet; i-ka-zo-zo i-koⁿ (íkazózo íkǫ) - cards, playing cards

► Dhegiha: k’oⁿ-su (kʔǫ́su), k’oⁿ-se (kʔǫ́se) - dice, Osage dice [CQ-Osage]; k’oⁿ-su-k’oⁿ (kʔǫ́sukʔǫ́) - play dice, Osage dice game [CQ-Osage]; k’o-se koⁿ (k’óse kóⁿ) - shoot dice [Kaw]; k’o-su i-k’oⁿ (k’ósu ik’óⁿ) - play a gaime with six brass nail-heads [Kaw]; k’o-su i-k’oⁿ (k’óⁿsu ik’óⁿ) - shoot dice, originally with six brass nails [Kaw]; k’o-su (k’ósu) - brass nails, studs, used as dice [Kaw]; k’o-se (k’óse), k’o-su (k’ósu) - brass nails, such as are put on women’s knife-sheaths, something that they made, little round things out of bone (studded with brass nails) and played games with them: k’o-se (k’óse), those [with] little spots - dice [Kaw]

peach, clingstone peach

► kaⁿ-te taⁿ-ka (kkątté ttą́ka) - clingstone peach

► kaⁿ-te taⁿ-ka (konteh-tonkah) - peach (pêche fruit) [GI]

► cf. kaⁿ-te (kką́tte) - apple [MS, OM]; taⁿ-ka (ttą́ka) - big, large; kaⁿ-te taⁿ-ka hi (kkątté ttą́ka hi) - clingstone peach tree

► Dhegiha: koⁿ-de (kóⁿde) - a plum, plums [Omaha/Ponca]; koⁿ-de (koⁿde) - plum [Omaha]; kaⁿ-de (k͓áⁿ-de) - a plum; plums [JOD-Omaha]; ʰko-dse (ḳóⁿ-dse) - plums, any kind of fruit, as plums, peaches, apples, applied to fruit in general [FL-Osage]; ʰkaⁿ-tse (ʰką́ące) - apple; fruit [CQ-Osage]; kaⁿ-je (káⁿje) - plum; fruit [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: toⁿ-ga (toⁿgá) - large, big, great [Omaha/Ponca]; toⁿ-ga (toⁿga) - large, immense, enlargement, big, ample [Omaha]; ʰtoⁿ-ga (ṭoⁿ-gá) - big, large [FL-Osage]; ʰtaⁿ-ka (ʰtą́ka) - big, large, great, grand [CQ-Osage]; taⁿ-ga (táⁿga) - be large, big [Kaw]

peach, clingstone peach tree

► kaⁿ-te taⁿ-ka hi (kkątté ttą́ka hi) - clingstone peach tree

► cf. kaⁿ-te (kką́tte) - apple [MS, OM]; taⁿ-ka (ttą́ka) - big, large; kaⁿ-te taⁿ-ka (kkątté ttą́ka) - clingstone peach; kaⁿ-te taⁿ-ka (konteh-tonkah) - peach (pêche fruit) [GI]; hi (hi) - tree, bush, vine, stalk, leg

► Dhegiha: koⁿ-de (kóⁿde) - a plum, plums [Omaha/Ponca]; koⁿ-de (koⁿde) - plum [Omaha]; kaⁿ-de (k͓áⁿ-de) - a plum; plums [JOD-Omaha]; ʰko-dse (ḳóⁿ-dse) - plums, any kind of fruit, as plums, peaches, apples, applied to fruit in general [FL-Osage]; ʰkaⁿ-tse (ʰką́ące) - apple; fruit [CQ-Osage]; kaⁿ-je (káⁿje) - plum; fruit [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: hi (hi) - stalk, stem, trunk, leg, tooth [Omaha/Ponca]; hi (hi) - tree trunk, plant stalk, plant vine, tooth, leg [Omaha]; hi (hi), hiu (hiu) - trunk of a tree, vines, stalks of plants, a leg [FL-Osage]; hu (hú), hiu (hiú), hi (hi) - trunk, stalk, leg [CQ-Osage]; hu (hu) - trunk of a tree, vine, limb, leg [Kaw]

peach, free stone peach

► koⁿ-te di-zho-de (kkǫ́tte dižóde) - free stone peach

► cf. kaⁿ-te (kką́tte) - apple [MS, OM]; di-zho-de (dižóde) - hull, peel; koⁿ-te di-zho-de hi (kkǫ́tte dižóde hi) - free stone peach tree

► Dhegiha: koⁿ-de (kóⁿde) - a plum, plums [Omaha/Ponca]; koⁿ-de (koⁿde) - plum [Omaha]; kaⁿ-de (k͓áⁿ-de) - a plum; plums [JOD-Omaha]; ʰko-dse (ḳóⁿ-dse) - plums, any kind of fruit, as plums, peaches, apples, applied to fruit in general [FL-Osage]; ʰkaⁿ-tse (ʰką́ące) - apple; fruit [CQ-Osage]; kaⁿ-je (káⁿje) - plum; fruit [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: thi-zhu (thizhu) - shell [Omaha]; thi-zhu-e (thí-zhu-e) - to hull, to take off the outer coating of grain, nuts, etc. [FL-Osage]; yu-zho-we (yuzhówe), yu-zhu-we (yuzhúwe) - hull nuts with the hands, to remove the hull or skin of any object with the hands; to hull walnuts, beans, hazelnuts, etc. when green, with the hands [Kaw]

peach, free stone peach tree

► koⁿ-te di-zho-de hi (kkǫ́tte dižóde hi) - free stone peach tree

► cf. koⁿ-te di-zho-de (kkǫ́tte dižóde) - free stone peach; kaⁿ-te (kką́tte) - apple [MS, OM]; di-zho-de (dižóde) - hull, peel; hi (hi) - tree, bush, vine, stalk, leg

► Dhegiha: koⁿ-de (kóⁿde) - a plum, plums [Omaha/Ponca]; koⁿ-de (koⁿde) - plum [Omaha]; kaⁿ-de (k͓áⁿ-de) - a plum; plums [JOD-Omaha]; ʰko-dse (ḳóⁿ-dse) - plums, any kind of fruit, as plums, peaches, apples, applied to fruit in general [FL-Osage]; ʰkaⁿ-tse (ʰką́ące) - apple; fruit [CQ-Osage]; kaⁿ-je (káⁿje) - plum; fruit [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: thi-zhu (thizhu) - shell [Omaha]; thi-zhu-e (thí-zhu-e) - to hull, to take off the outer coating of grain, nuts, etc. [FL-Osage]; yu-zho-we (yuzhówe), yu-zhu-we (yuzhúwe) - hull nuts with the hands, to remove the hull or skin of any object with the hands; to hull walnuts, beans, hazelnuts, etc. when green, with the hands [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: hi (hi) - stalk, stem, trunk, leg, tooth [Omaha/Ponca]; hi (hi) - tree trunk, plant stalk, plant vine, tooth, leg [Omaha]; hi (hi), hiu (hiu) - trunk of a tree, vines, stalks of plants, a leg [FL-Osage]; hu (hú), hiu (hiú), hi (hi) - trunk, stalk, leg [CQ-Osage]; hu (hu) - trunk of a tree, vine, limb, leg [Kaw]

peak, hill with a pointed or sharp peak

► a-ni pa-si-kde (áni ppasíkde) - hill with sharp peak

► pa-si-kde (ppasíkde) - hill with pointed peak or top

► pa-si-kde (pásikdé) - point of land [JOD]

► cf. a-ni (áni) - hill; pa-si (ppasí) - tip of something, beak or bill; pa-si-kde (ppasíkde) - hill with pointed peak or top; pa-si-kde (ppásikdé) - point of land [JOD]; pa pa-si (ppáppasí) - tip of the nose; pa-si o-do-ka-hi (ppasí odokáhi) - spoonbill, paddlefish, fish with a hide like that of a catfish, no scales, found in Neosho River; ma-ze pa-si (mazé ppasí) - nipples; wa-zhiⁿ-ka pa-si (wažį́ka ppási) - bird’s beak, bill; ho pa-si ste-te (ho ppási stétte) - garfish

► Dhegiha: a-thiⁿ ʰpa-si (á-thiⁿ p̣a-çi) - summit, top of a hill, the summit of a hill, hill top [FL-Osage]; a-yiⁿ pa-su (áyiⁿ pasú) - headland [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: a-thiⁿ (áthiⁿ) - hillside, ridge [Omaha]; a-thiⁿ (á¢iⁿ) - ridge [JOD-Omaha]; a-thiⁿ (á-thiⁿ) - a ridge or divide [FL-Osage]; a-yiⁿ (áyiⁿ) - ridge, divide [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: pa-si (pasí) - tip, tree-top, tongue-tip, etc. [Omaha/Ponca]; pa-si (paçi) - tip; ʰpa-si (p̣a-çí) - a peak, point, top of a tree, the top of a poll [FL-Osage]; ʰpa-su (p̣á-çu) - tip of nose [FL-Osage]; ʰpa-su (ʰpasú) - tip or point of an object [CQ-Osage]; pa-su (pasú) - tip, point of an object “like the point of a pencil”, corner of a room, etc. [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ʰpa-siu-gthiⁿ (p̣a-çiú-gthiⁿ) - dwellers-upon-the-hill-top, when the river (Mississippi) overflowed its banks, a group of Osage Indians fled from their village and sought the high hills and there established a camp, they were known by the name of ʰpa-siu-gthiⁿ (p̣a-çiú-gthiⁿ) and settled in Grayhorse [FL-Osage]; ʰpa-su o-liⁿ (ʰpasú olį́į), ʰpa-si-o-liⁿ (ʰpasiólįį), ʰpa-su-liⁿ (ʰpasúlį), ʰpa-so-liⁿ (ʰpasólįį) - living on the end, dwelling on the cliffs, Fairfax or Grayhorse group of Osages, lit., “living on the end”, referring to the west end of the allotment [CQ-Osage]

pear

► kaⁿ-te shta (konteh-schtah) - pear (poire) [GI]

► kaⁿ-te shta (kkątté šta) - plum

► cf. kaⁿ-te (kką́tte) - apple [MS, OM]; shta (šta) - smooth, bald, bare

► Dhegiha: koⁿ-de (kóⁿde) - a plum, plums [Omaha/Ponca]; koⁿ-de (koⁿde) - plum [Omaha]; kaⁿ-de (k͓áⁿ-de) - a plum; plums [JOD-Omaha]; ʰko-dse (ḳóⁿ-dse) - plums, any kind of fruit, as plums, peaches, apples, applied to fruit in general [FL-Osage]; ʰkaⁿ-tse (ʰką́ące) - apple; fruit [CQ-Osage]; kaⁿ-je (káⁿje) - plum; fruit [Kaw]

pecan

► wa-ta-sto-ta (watástotta) - pecan (nut)

► wa-ta-sto-ta (watástotta) - pecan [MS]

► wa-ta-sto-ta (uattah-stŭttah) - pecan nut (noix de pecan) [GI]

► cf. wa-ta-sto-ta hi (watástottá hi) - pecan tree

► ex: wa-ta-sto-ta ba-hi (watástotta báhi) - to pick pecan nuts [JOD]

► Dhegiha: wa-da-sto-sta (wa-dá-çto-çta) - pecan nuts [FL-Osage]; wa-ta-sto-sta (watástosta), wa-ta-sto-e (watástoe), wa-ta-shtsʰo-tsʰe (watáščoče) - pecan nut [CQ-Osage]

pecan tree

► wa-ta-sto-ta hi (watástottá hi) - pecan tree

► wa-ta-sto-ta hi (watástottá hi) - pecan tree [MS]

► cf. wa-ta-sto-ta (watástotta) - pecan (nut); hi (hi) - tree, bush, vine, stalk, leg

► Dhegiha: wa-da-sto-sta (wa-dá-çto-çta) - pecan nuts [FL-Osage]; wa-ta-sto-sta (watástosta), wa-ta-sto-e (watástoe), wa-ta-shtsʰo-tsʰe (watáščoče) - pecan nut [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: hi (hi) - stalk, stem, trunk, leg, tooth [Omaha/Ponca]; hi (hi) - tree trunk, plant stalk, plant vine, tooth, leg [Omaha]; hi (hi), hiu (hiu) - trunk of a tree, vines, stalks of plants, a leg [FL-Osage]; hu (hú), hiu (hiú), hi (hi) - trunk, stalk, leg [CQ-Osage]; hu (hu) - trunk of a tree, vine, limb, leg [Kaw]

pee, to urinate

► te-zhe (téže) - urinate ► a-te-zhe (atéže) - I, da-te-zhe (datéže) - you, oⁿ-te-zha-we (ǫTéžawe) - we

► te-zhe (téže) - urinate [OM]

► ex: a-te-zhe ti-aⁿ (atéže tią́) - I urinate/felt an inclination [JOD]

► ex: a-te-zhe ti-aⁿ a-ta-ha (atéje tiáⁿ ataha) - I urinate/felt an inclination/exceedingly [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ e-kaⁿ niⁿ haⁿ-pa haⁿ-ke taⁿ a-te-zhe ti-aⁿ a-ta-ha (kóišǫ́ttą éką nį hąp͓á hąke tą́ atéže tią́ áttaha) - so then it was almost day when I had a strong urge to urinate [JOD]

► ex: te-zhe ti-aⁿ (téže tią́) - to urinate/she felt an inclination [JOD]

► ex: wa-x’o niⁿ-kʰe te-zhe ti-aⁿ niⁿ-kʰe (waxʔó nįkʰé téže tią́ nįkʰé) - the woman was feeling the urge to urinate [JOD]

► ex: zho-wa hi a-te-zhe zhi-ka de-a-de (žówa hí atéže žíka deáde) - few, little/very/I urinate/little/I sent it off [JOD]

► ex: e-kaⁿ niⁿ zho-wa hi a-te-zhe zhi-ka de-a-de kaⁿ miⁿ-kʰe (éką nį žówa hí atéže žíka deáde ką́-mįkʰé) - so as I was sitting there, I urinated a little, I sent a little off [JOD]

► ex: te-zhe zhi-ka hi-de (téže žíka híde) - urinating/a little/she caused it to come [JOD]

► ex: a-te-zhe naⁿ (áteže ną) - urinated on him/past act [JOD]

► ex: te-zhe zhi-ka hi-de kaⁿ niⁿ-kʰe i-ya-we, o-do-tʰe niⁿ-kʰe a-te-zhe naⁿ, i-ya-we (téže žíka híde ką́-nįkʰé iyáwe, ódotʰe nįkʰé áteže ną, iyáwe) - as she sat awhile, she urinated a little, they say, she urinated upon the man eater, they say [JOD]

► ex: a-te-zhe naⁿ (atéže ną) - I urinated/when [JOD]

► ex: aⁿ-te-zhe hi-de (ą́teže hidé) - urinating on me/sends it hither [JOD]

► ex: a-te-zhe naⁿ, “ta-taⁿ ke aⁿ-te-zhe hi-de, mi-ka-x’e aⁿ-te-zhe hi-de e-te te,” i-ye (atéže ną, “táttą ke ą́teže hidé, mikkáxʔe ą́teže hidé étte tte,” iyé) - when I urinated, “what is this urinating on me, I wonder if it’s the stars urinating on me?” he said [JOD]

► ex: te-zha-i (téžai) - they urinate [JOD]

► ex: aⁿ-te-zha-i (ą́težai) - they urinate on me [JOD]

► ex: koi ta-taⁿ te-zha-i ke, mi-ka-x’e aⁿ-te-zha-i ke e-te te (kói táttą téžai ké, mikkáxʔe ątežai ke étte tté) - what is that urinating, I wonder if the stars are urinating on me [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ne-zhe (nezhe) - urinate [Omaha]; ne-zhe (néje) - to urinate; urine [JOD-Omaha]; ʰtse-zhe (ṭsé-zhe) - to urinate [FL-Osage]; tse-zhe (céže) - urinate [CQ-Osage]; je-zhe (jézhe) - urinate [Kaw]

► te-zhe ki-de (téžekkíde) - urinate, cause oneself to urinate

► te-zhe ki-de (tegek-kideh) - urinate (lacher l'eau) [GI]

► cf. te-zhe (téže) - urinate; ki-de (kkíde) - cause oneself

► ex: te-zhe ki-de bde (téže kkíde bdé) - I want to go pee (I’m going to urinate) [MS]

► ex: shoⁿ-ke te-zhe ki-de niⁿ-kʰe (šǫ́ke téže kkíde nįkʰé) - dog pees (the dog is urinating) [MS]

► Dhegiha: ne-zhe (nezhe) - urinate [Omaha]; ne-zhe (néje) - to urinate; urine [JOD-Omaha]; ʰtse-zhe (ṭsé-zhe) - to urinate [FL-Osage]; tse-zhe (céže) - urinate [CQ-Osage]; je-zhe (jézhe) - urinate [Kaw]

pee, urine

► te-zhe-ni (téženi) - urine

► cf. te-zhe (téže) - to urinate; ni (ni) - water, liquid

► ex: te-ska te-zhe-ni (tteská téženi) - beer, “cow urine” [OM]

► ex: te-zhe-ni o-zhi-ha (téženi óžiha) - bladder, “urine bag”

► Dhegiha: ne-zhe ni (nezhe ni) - urine [Omaha]; ne-zhe ni (néje ni) - human urine [JOD-Omaha]; ʰtse-zhe-ni (ṭsé-zhe-ni) - to urinate [FL-Osage]; tse-zhe-ni (céženii) - urine [CQ-Osage]; je-zhe ni (jézhe ni) - urine [Kaw]

peel back, pull open

► di-xto (dixtó), di-xdo (dixdó) - pull open, peel back ► bdi-xto (bdíxto) - I, ti-xto (ttíxto) - you

► cf. o-xe di-xto (óxe dixtó) - pull open a cache; o-di-xdo (odíxdo) - take food from a cache; di-xdo-te (dixdótte) - peel something off a surface; xdo-te (xdótte) - peel off, come off as a scab; xdo-ta-de (xdottáde) - peel off of its own accord

► Dhegiha: thi-xthu (thi-xthú) - to exhume [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: thi-xthu-dse (thi-xthó-dse), thi-xthu-dse (thi-xthú-dse) - to pull the bark off a tree, to peel with the bare hands; to peel, as the peeling of potato [FL-Osage]; thi-lo-tse (ðiilóce) - peel [CQ-Osage]; yu-xlo-je (yuxlóje) - peel something; peel with the hand [Kaw]

peel off of its own accord

► xdo-ta-de (xdottáde) - peel off of its own accord

► cf. xdo-te (xdótte) - peel off, come off as a scab; di-xdo-te (dixdótte) - peel something off a surface; di-xto (dixtó) - pull open, peel back; o-xe di-xto (óxe dixtó) - pull open a cache; o-di-xdo (odíxdo) - take food from a cache

► Dhegiha: xthu-da-the (qthúdáthe) - peeled; peeled off of its own accord, as the bark of certain trees [Omaha/Ponca]

peel off, come off as a scab

► xdo-te (xdótte) - peel off, come off as a scab

► cf. di-xdo-te (dixdótte) - peel something off a surface; xdo-ta-de (xdottáde) - peel off of its own accord; di-xto (dixtó) - pull open, peel back; o-xe di-xto (óxe dixtó) - pull open a cache; o-di-xdo (odíxdo) - take food from a cache

► Dhegiha: xthu-de (qthúde) - peel, slip; to be peeled off; to slip out of [Omaha/Ponca]; xlo-je (xlóje) - shed, as a locust’s shell; taken off, as bark; skinned, as when skin is abraded from the hand [Kaw]

peel something off a surface

► di-xdo-te (dixdótte) - peel something off a surface ► bdi-xdo-te (bdixdótte) - I, ti-xdo-te (ttixdótte) - you

► cf. di (di) - by hand, pulling; xdo-te (xdótte) - peel off, come off as a scab; xdo-ta-de (xdottáde) - peel off of its own accord; di-xto (dixtó) - pull open, peel back; o-xe di-xto (óxe dixtó) - pull open a cache; o-di-xdo (odíxdo) - take food from a cache

► Dhegiha: thi-xthu-dse (thi-xthó-dse), thi-xthu-dse (thi-xthú-dse) - to pull the bark off a tree, to peel with the bare hands; to peel, as the peeling of potato [FL-Osage]; thi-lo-tse (ðiilóce) - peel [CQ-Osage]; yu-xlo-je (yuxlóje) - peel something; peel with the hand [Kaw]

peel, hull

► di-zho-de (dižóde) - hull, peel

► cf. da-zho (dažó) - bite off

► Dhegiha: thi-zhu (thizhu) - shell [Omaha]; thi-zhu-e (thí-zhu-e) - to hull, to take off the outer coating of grain, nuts, etc. [FL-Osage]; yu-zho-we (yuzhówe), yu-zhu-we (yuzhúwe) - hull nuts with the hands, to remove the hull or skin of any object with the hands; to hull walnuts, beans, hazelnuts, etc. when green, with the hands [Kaw]

peel, pick, pull open

► di-zha-ke (dižáke) - pick, pull open, peel ► bdi-zha-ke (bdížake) - I, ti-zha-ke (ttížake) - you

► cf. ma-ze di-zha-ke (máze dižáke) - cock a gun

► Dhegiha: thu-sha-ke (ðuušáake) - pull out multiple pieces from or of something; husk, pick or pluck, peel; strip, denude [CQ-Osage]; yu-zha-ge (yuzháge) - split something or tear a larger hole, using the hands or by cutting with scissors [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: zha-ge (zháge) - verb root, made larger, enlarged, as a hole [Omaha/Ponca]; zha-ge (zháge) - verb root, to be opened wider, as a hole or split [Kaw]

peep, peek at

► o-ka-s’iⁿ (okásʔį) - peep, peek at ► o-a-ka-s’iⁿ (oákasʔį) - I, o-da-ka-s’iⁿ (odákasʔį) - you

► cf. ni o-ki-kda-s’iⁿ (ni ókkikdásʔį) - reflection from water, mirror

► Dhegiha: u-ga-s’iⁿ (ugás’iⁿ) - peep, peek, look, to peep at [Omaha/Ponca]; u-ga-ʰts’iⁿ (u-gá-ṭs’iⁿ) - to peep; to stealthily look into the crack of a door or window; to peep or peer into [FL-Osage]; o-ka-ts’iⁿ (okácʔį) - peer in or into, peep into [CQ-Osage]; o-ga-ts’iⁿ (ogáts’iⁿ) - look in upon, as through a window [Kaw]

► a-ka-zi (ákazi), a-ga-zi (ágazi) - peep ► a-a-ga-zi (áagazi) - I, a-da-ga-zi (ádagazi) - you

peeping out of the corner of the eyes in intervals

► i-shta xi-xi-te (ištá xixítte) - peeping out of the corner of the eyes in intervals [JOD]

► ex: i-shta xi-xi-te pa-xa-taⁿ a-toⁿ-we de-a-de miⁿ-kʰe (ištá xixítte ppaγ[e]á-ttą atǫ́we deáde mįkʰé) - I was peeping out of the corner of my eyes looking at him [JOD]

► ex: i-shta xi-xi-te ka-xa-taⁿ toⁿ-we de-de kaⁿ-kʰe i-ya-we (ištá xixítte kaγ[e]á-ttą tǫ́we dedé ką-kʰé iyáwe) - peeping out of the corner of the eyes in intervals-she did it-when-she looked at him-she sent it off-so she lay awhile-they say [JOD]

peg, tent peg

► wa-hi-ska i-ti ba-za (wahíska ítti bazá) - tent peg

► cf. wa-hi-ska i-ti (wahíska ítti) - canvas tent; canvas tipi; wa-hiⁿ (wahį́) - cloth; wa-hiⁿ-ska (wahį́ska) - calico; i-ti (ítti) - lodge or home made of; po-za (póza) - plant a post in the ground; zhoⁿ po-za (žǫ póza) - post, fence post

► Dhegiha: ha-ska i-ʰtsi (ha-çka í-ṭsi) - tent of canvas [FL-Osage]; ha-ska i-ʰtsi (haaskáiʰci), ha-ska-ʰtsi (haaskáʰci) - tent, long arbor house, lit., “cloth house” [CQ-Osage]; ha-ski-tsi (haskíci), ha-ska i-tsi (haská ici) - tent, canvas lodge [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: mu-za (mú-za) - to stick a stake or stick in the ground; to plant a post or posts [JOD-Omaha]; bo-za (bó-ça) - to plant a post in the ground; to place a pole in the ground [FL-Osage]; bo-za (bóza) - plant a post or stick in the ground; to plant a post or stick in the ground, either obliquely or perpendicularly, as a fence post; post, fence; marker, monument [Kaw]

pelican

► bde-xa (bdéγa) - pelican

► Dhegiha: bthe-xe (bthéxe) - pelican [Omaha/Ponca]; bthe-xe (bthéxe) - American White Pelican [Omaha]; bthe-xe (b¢é-xe) - a pelican [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: do-dse ʰtoⁿ-ga (dó-dse-ṭoⁿ-ga) - the pelican, “throat-big”, in Osage tribal rites the pelican is a symbol of long life and old age [FL-Osage]; moⁿ-thiⁿ the doⁿ ts’e-ge (moⁿ-thíⁿ the doⁿ ts’e-ge) - the symbolic name, among the Osage, given to the white pelican, life symbol of the hóⁿ-ga great tribal division, the translation of the name is: he-who-becomes-aged-while-yet-traveling [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: do-je o-zhu (dóje ozhù), do-jo-zhu (dójozhu) - pelican, lit. “puts it in the throat or throat filled,” so called for its pouch [Kaw]; miⁿ-gha xo-je (míⁿgha xóje) - pelican [Kaw]; wa-zhiⁿ-ga do-je-ha (wazhíⁿga dójeha) - pelican, lit. “throat-skin bird” [Kaw]

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