English to Quapaw Dictionary

P

 

pelt, hit with snow, mud, etc.

► o-do-tʰiⁿ (odótʰį) - pelt, hit with snow, mud, etc. ► o-do-a-tʰiⁿ (odóatʰį) - I, o-do-da-tʰiⁿ (odódatʰį) - you

► cf. o-tʰiⁿ (otʰį́) - strike, slap, hit

► Dhegiha: u-tiⁿ (utiⁿ) - beat, hit, spank, strike, a blow, club [Omaha]; u-tʰiⁿ (utʰíⁿ) - to hit or strike him [Omaha/Ponca]; u-tsiⁿ (ú-tsiⁿ) - to maul, to beat, to pound, to strike, to give a drubbing, to thrash [FL-Osage]; o-tsʰiⁿ (ocʰí) - whip strongly, beat up, spank or get someone, drub, thrash [CQ-Osage]; o-tsʰiⁿ (ócʰį) - hit or beat things, such as a drum [CQ-Osage]; o-chiⁿ (ochíⁿ) - hit [Kaw]

 

 

pelvis, hips

► shiⁿ-te-hi ka-xa-kde (šįttéhi káxakdé) - pelvis, hips

► cf. si-te (sį́tte) - tail; shiⁿ-te-hi (šįttéhi) - hip, crest of the ilium

► Dhegiha: siⁿ-de hi (siⁿdéhi) - hip bone [Omaha/Ponca]; siⁿ-ne hi (çiⁿne hi) - hips [Omaha]; siⁿ-de hi (sǐⁿ-dé-hi) - the hip bone, the tuberosity of the isehium the os sacrum [JOD-Omaha]; shiⁿ-de hi (cǐⁿ-dé-hi) - the os sacrum [JOD-Omaha]; siⁿ-dse hi (çiⁿ-dse hi) - hip bone [FL-Osage]

 

pen knife, pocket knife

► ma-hiⁿ zhi-ka (máhį žíka) - pocket knife, pen knife

► cf. ma-hiⁿ (máhį) - knife; zhi-ka (žíka) - small, little

► Dhegiha: moⁿ-hiⁿ zhiⁿ-ga (moⁿhiⁿ zhiⁿga) - pocket knife [Omaha]; moⁿ-hiⁿ zhiⁿ-ga (móⁿ-hiⁿ zhiⁿ-ga) - little knife, pen knife [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-hiⁿ zhiⁿ-ga (máⁿhiⁿ zhiⁿga) - pocket knife [Kaw]

 

pen, writing instrument

► i-ka-zo-zo i-ka-xe (íkazózo ikáγe) - pen, writing instrument

► i-ka-zo-zo i-ka-xe (íkazózo ikáγe) - pencil [MS]

► cf. i-ka-zo-zo (íkazózo) - book, paper, letter; i-ka-zo-zo (ika-zŭzŭ) - write (ecrire) [GI]; i-ka-xe (ikáγe) - with which to make; i-ka-zo-zo da-te (íkazózo daté) - school, “read books” [MS]; i-ka-zo-zo ka-xe (íkazózo káγe) - write a letter [JOD]; i-ka-zo-zo i-koⁿ (i-kah-zŭzŭ-ikan) - cards, playing cards (cartes á jouer), “paper with which to gamble” [GI]; i-ka-zo-zo ka-xe kniⁿ (íkazózo káγe knį) - clerk, he who sits writing; i-ka-zo-zo ni (íkazózo ní) - ink; o-na-x’oⁿ i-ka-zo-zo (ónaxʔǫ íkazózo) - newspaper, lit. “paper that hears”

► Dhegiha: wa-gthe-ze i-ga-xe (wa-gthé-çe i-ga-xe) - pen [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-ze wa-le-za i-ga-ghe (máⁿze waléze igághe) - pen, lit. “iron pencil” [Kaw]; wa-le-ze i-ga-ghe (waléze igághe) - pencil [Kaw]

 

pencil, writing instrument

► i-ka-zo i-ka-xe (íkazo ikáγe) - pencil, writing instrument

► cf. i-ka-zo (íkazo) - write, draw; i-ka-xe (ikáγe) - with which to make

► Dhegiha: i-ga-xe (í-ga-xe) - to make out of or by means of [JOD-Omaha]; i-ga-xe (i-ga-xe) - with which to make [FL-Osage]; i-ka-xe (íkaaγe) - make out of [CQ-Osage]

 

peninsula

► o-ka-xdi taⁿ-ka (okáxdi ttą́ka) - peninsula

► Dhegiha: u-ga-xthi (u-gá-q¢i) - a point of land or timber, extending into a stream, a long point on a river [JOD-Omaha]; u-ga-xthi (u-gá-xthi) - the bend of a river or creek; bend of a stream [FL-Osage]; o-ga-xlu (ogáxlu) - a point of land inside the bend of a stream; something like a corner [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ni u-ga-xthi (ni-ú-ga-q¢í) - a peninsula [JOD-Omaha]; ni u-ga-xthi i-ha tse (ni-ú-ga-xthi i-ha tse) - a peninsula; known to the Osage Indians as the mouth of an island [FL-Osage]; do-zo-ha o-ga-xlu (dózoha ogáxlu) - peninsula, inside bend of a stream [Kaw]

 

penis

► zhe (že) - penis

► cf. zhe (že) - to have a bowel movement

► ex: zhe kʰe (žé-kʰe) - the penis

► Dhegiha: zhe (zhe) - penis [Omaha/Ponca]; zhe (je) - the membrum virile or penis [JOD-Omaha]; zhe (žé) - penis, male organ [CQ-Osage]; zhe (zhe) - penis [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: zhe (zhe) - bowel movement, excrement; to have a bowel movement [Omaha/Ponca]; zhe (je) - to go to stool, have an action [JOD-Omaha]; zhe (žé) - defecate, have a bowel movement; be excreted, ooze, be emitted, excrete, emit [CQ-Osage]; zhe (zhe) - to have a bowel movement [Kaw]

 

penny, one cent

► de-ha zhi-te (déha žítte) - penny, one cent [MS, OM]

► cf. zhi-te (žítte) - red

► Dhegiha: we-tha-wa zhi-de  (wéthawa zhide) - penny [Omaha]; wa-tha-wa zhu-tse (waðáawa žúuce) - penny, lit., “red count” [CQ-Osage]; zhu-je hiⁿga (zhújehiⁿga) - penny, cent
[Kaw]

 

people

► ni-ka-shi-ka (níkkašíka) - person, people, a man, human being, Indian(s), clan, gen

► ni-ka-shi-ka (níkkašíka) - people [MS, OM, AG]

► ex: ni-ka-shi-ka (nikacík͓a), e-ni-ka-shi-ka (énikacík͓a), i-ni-ka-shi-ka (iníkkašíka) - people, clans, gens

► ex: ki-sto kniⁿ ni-ka-shi-ka (kistó knį́ níkkašíka) - U.S. Congress

► ex: ni-ka-shi-ka  (nikkašíka), e-ni-ka-shi-ka (énikkašíka), i-ni-ka-shi-ka (iníkkašíka) - clan, gen

► ex: ni-ka-shi-ka  wa-x’o …. shi-zhi-ka  (níkkašíka waxʔó…. šižíkka) - men, women, and the children [AG]

► ex: ni-ka-si-ka zo-we (nikkasixGa˙zó˙we) - men [FS]

► ex: “kʰa-ke, ha-ki ni-ka-shi-ka e-ti niⁿ-kʰe,” i-yi (“kʰaké, hakí níkkašíka ettí nįkʰe,” iyí) - “younger brother, where is the human being?” said he [JOD]

► ex: “ha-ki ni-ka-shi-ka e-ti niⁿ, kʰa-ke,” i-ye (“hakí níkkašíka ettí nį, kʰaké,” íye) - “where is the human being, younger brother?” he said [JOD]

► ex: ni-ka-shi-ka maⁿ-shi e-ti ni-te naⁿ (níkkašíka mą́ši ettí nité ną) - human being-above-there-how possible [JOD]

► ex: ni-ka-shi-ka wa-x’o o-do-hi-ki-de (níkkašíka waxʔó odóhikidé) - he made (caused her) to change into a female human being [JOD]

► ex: ni-ka-shi-ka e a-zha-miⁿ (níkkašika e ážamį) - I treat (think, regard) him as a human being

► ex: “ni-ka-shi-ka bnaⁿ a-ta-ha,” i-ya taⁿ pa o-di-bnaⁿ naⁿ kaⁿ-niⁿ-kʰe naⁿ i-ya-we (“níkkašíka bną́ attahá,” iyá tą ppá ódibną́ ną ką́-nįkʰé ną iyáwe) - as he sat awhile, he sniffed around with his nose, he said, “sure enough smells like a human being”, they say [JOD]

► ex: ni-ka-shi-ka-we (níkkašikáwe) - that they were people [JOD]

► ex: ni-ka-shi-ka-we i-we-niⁿ-aⁿ taⁿ-ha, i-ya (níkkašikáwe iwénįą́ tą́ha, iyá) - because he thought it was the people, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ni-ka-shiⁿ-ga (ní-ka-cíⁿ-ga), ni-a-shiⁿ-ga (ní-a-cíⁿ-ga) - a person, a human being, Indian; human beings, people; formerly applied to Indains alone [JOD-Omaha]; ni-ka-shiⁿ-ga (níkashíⁿga), (níkʰashíⁿga) - people, person [Omaha/Ponca]; ni-ka-shiⁿ-ga (nikashiⁿga) - person, people, human, citizen, man [Omaha]; ni-ʰka-shi-ga (ní-ḳa-shi-ga) - a people, people, man, person, persons [FL-Osage]; ni-ʰka-shi-ka (níʰkašika) - the people, a people, live, exist [CQ-Osage]; ni-ka-shiⁿ-ga (níkashiⁿga) - person, people, men, clan [Kaw]

 

people who went downstream, Quapaw

► o-ka-xpa (okáxpa), o-ga-xpa (ogáxpa) - Quapaw [MS, AB, OM]

► o-ka-xpa  (okáxpa) - Quapaw, people who went downstream, Quapaw gens (clan) of the same tribe, Dwelt on right side of tribal circle

► o-ka-xpa (o ̇GáxBa) - Quapaw person or tribe [FS]

► cf. o-ka-xpa-de (okáxpade) - knock off, cause to fall off; o-ka-xpa i-de (okáxpa idé) - south, wind or quarter, conveys idea of going downstream; o-ka-xpa-ki-de (okáxpakkíde) - be adopted as a Quapaw; o-ka-xpa-xti (okáxpaxti) - town name: “Real Quapaws”, one of the 5 villages; spelled Kappa, Cappa, Cappaha, etc.; o-xpa-de (oxpáde) - fall from a height; mi-ka-x’e o-xpa-de (mikkáxʔe oxpáde) - meteor, shooting star, falling star; ni o-xpa-de (ní oxpáde) - waterfall; o-ki-xpa-de (okíxpade) - lose something; o-ba-xpa-de (obáxpade) - push off and cause to fall; o-bi-xpa-de (obíxpade) - cause to fall by pressure or weight; o-di-xpa-de (odíxpade) - pull off and cause to fall; o-naⁿ-xpa-de (oną́xpade) - kick something down; o-po-xpa-de (opóxpade) - shoot down

► Dhegiha: u-ga-xpa (ugaxpa) - Quapaw Tribe [Omaha]; u-ga-xpa (u-gá-qpa) - “those who went down stream,” the Kwaps or Quapaws; they were known to the Illinois tribes as the “Arkansas” or “Alkansas” [JOD-Omaha]; u-ga-xpa ga-xa (u-gá-xpa ga-xa) - Quapaw Creek, Okla [FL-Osage]; o-ka-xpa (okáxpa) - Quapaw Indians [CQ-Osage]; o-ga-xpa (ogáxpa) - Quapaw tribe or people, “The down-stream people,” so called because their ancestors went down the Mississippi, while the Omahas, Ponca, Osages, and Kansa, went up that stream, after leaving the mouth of the Ohio (River). The Ogáxpa or Kwapas have been called Shappas, Shapahas, Kapahas, Quappas, Quapaws, etc. They were also known in early colonial days as the Akansa or Arkansa [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: u-ga-xpa-the (u-gá-qpa-¢ĕ) - to make large objects, fruit, leaves, etc., fall from height by shaking or hitting; to blow down, as the wind does leaves [JOD-Omaha]; u-ga-xpa-the (u-gá-xpa-the) - to be thrown from a horse [FL-Osage]; o-ga-xpa-ye (ogáxpaye) - knock somebody off from a height, as from a horse, perch, etc. [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: u-xpa-the (uqpá¢ĕ) - to be lost, to lose his place; to fall from a height [JOD-Omaha]; u-xpa-the (uxpathe) - fell, fall [Omaha]; u-xpa-the (u-xpá-the) - lost, to become lost; to feel around with the hands in the dark, to grope; to fall [FL-Osage]; o-xpa-the (oxpáðe) - fall from a height; get lost, become lost, lose [CQ-Osage]; o-xpa-ye (oxpáye) - fall from a height, fall off, to fall from a height; get lost, become lost [Kaw]

 

people, African American people

► i-shta-xi sha (ištáxi šá) - negro, lit. “dark whiteman”

► i-shta-xi sha (ištáxi šá) - African American, negro [MS, MR]

► i-sta-ge sha (istáge šá) - African American, negro [OM]

► cf. i-shta-xe (ištáxe) - frenchman, whiteman; sha (ša) - dark, indistinct black

► Dhegiha: iⁿ-shta-xiⁿ (iⁿ-shtá-xiⁿ) - yellow eyes, a white man [FL-Osage]; iⁿ-shta-xiⁿ (įįštáxį), i-shta-xiⁿ (iištáxį) - white person, French person, Canadian or English person, lit., ‘light eyes, gray, brown, or yellow eyes’; i-shta-xe (ishtáxe), i-shta-ghe (ishtághe) - white man, a Frenchman, probably so called on account of having eyebrows; subsequently, any white man [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: sha-be (shábe) - dark [Omaha/Ponca]; sha-be (shabe) - dark [Omaha]; sha-be (shá-be) - dark in color [FL-Osage]; sha-pe (šápe) - dark in color, shaded, darkened [CQ-Osage]; sha-be (shábe) - dark, shadowy, distant black, brown [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ni-ʰka sa-be (ni-ḳá ça-be) - negro, “black man” [FL-Osage]; ni-ʰka sa-pe (níʰka sápe) - black person, African American [CQ-Osage]; ni-ka sa-be (níka sàbe) - black man, negro male [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: wa-xe sa-be (wá-qe sá-bĕ) - a black man or negro [JOD-Omaha]; wa-xe sa-be (wáqe sábe) - Black person, African-Anerican [Omaha/Ponca]; wa-xe sa-be (waxe çábe) - black man, African [Omaha]

► Dhegiha: miⁿ-ka-sa (mįʰkása) - black person; slang, a corruption, blending ‘blackened by the sun’ with ‘racoon’; influenced by English derogatory expression coon [CQ-Osage]; mi-a-sa (miása), miⁿ-a-sa (mįįása), miⁿ-a-sa-i (mį́įasai) - black person, lit., ‘sun-blackened’ [CQ-Osage]; sa-e-zhiⁿ (sáežį), sa-i-zhiⁿ (sáižį) - little black person [CQ-Osage]

 

people, all the people

► ni-ka-shi-ka za-ni (níkkašíka zaní) - all the people [JOD]

► cf. ni-ka-shi-ka (níkkašíka) - person, people, a man, human being, Indian(s), clan, gen; za-ni (zaní) - all, all of the

► ex: ni-ka-shi-ka za-ni hi (níkkašika zaní hi) - every single one of the people

► ex: ni-ka-shi-ka za-ni hi a-shi-ti kda-naⁿ-we, i-ya (níkkašika zaní hi ášitti kdánąwe, iyá) - all of the people went again from the interior of the hill, it is said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ni-ka-shi-ga za-ni (ní-ḳa-shi-ga ça-ni) - the public, “people-all” [FL-Osage]; ni-ka-shiⁿ-ga za-niⁿ (níkashiⁿga abá zániⁿ) -  all the people [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ni-ka-shiⁿ-ga (ní-ka-cíⁿ-ga), ni-a-shiⁿ-ga (ní-a-cíⁿ-ga) - a person, a human being, Indian; human beings, people; formerly applied to Indains alone [JOD-Omaha]; ni-ka-shiⁿ-ga (níkashíⁿga), (níkʰashíⁿga) - people, person [Omaha/Ponca]; ni-ka-shiⁿ-ga (nikashiⁿga) - person, people, human, citizen, man [Omaha]; ni-ʰka-shi-ga (ní-ḳa-shi-ga) - a people, people, man, person, persons [FL-Osage]; ni-ʰka-shi-ka (níʰkašika) - the people, a people, live, exist [CQ-Osage]; ni-ka-shiⁿ-ga (níkashiⁿga) - person, people, men, clan [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: za-ni (zaní) - all [Omaha/Ponca]; za-ni (za-ní) - all [JOD-Omaha]; za-ni (ça-ní) - all, everything, everybody [FL-Osage]; za-ni (záani) - whole, all, everyone, everybody [CQ-Osage]; za-niⁿ (zaníⁿ) - all everybody or everything [Kaw]

 

people, among the people

► ni-ka-shi-ka o-toⁿ-ti (níkkašíka ottą́tti) - among the people [JOD]

► cf. ni-ka-shi-ka (níkkašíka) - person, people, a man, human being, clan, gen; o-toⁿ-ti (ottą́tti) - among them [JOD]; o-toⁿ (ottǫ́), o-taⁿ (ottą́) - abound, abound in it; ti (-tti) - at, by, in; locative

 

people, Dhegiha People

► de-ka (deká) - Dhegiha People

► Dhegiha: the-ga (the ga) - here, at this place [FL-Osage]; the-ka (ðeeká) - there, here, these [CQ-Osage]; ye-ga (yegá) - here, right here [Kaw]

 

people, French people

► i-shta-xe (ištáxe) - Frenchman, whiteman

► iⁿ-shta-xe (inschtacheh) - French (Français) [GI]

► i-sta-ge (istáge) - French [OM]

► cf. i-shta (ištá) - eye; i-shta-xe (ištáxe) - eyelash; i-shta-xi sha (ištáxi šá) - negro, lit. “dark whiteman”

► ex: i-shta-xe sh’a-ke e-ka-xnaⁿ niⁿ-kʰe (ištáγe šʔáke ekáxną nįkʰe) - the old frenchman's wife

► Dhegiha: iⁿ-shta-xiⁿ (iⁿ-shtá-xiⁿ) - yellow eyes, a white man [FL-Osage]; iⁿ-shta-xiⁿ (įįštáxįį) - white person, French person, Canadian or English person, light eyes, gray, brown, or yellow eyes [CQ-Osage]; i-shta-xe (ishtáxe) - white man, Frenchman, eyebrows [Kaw]

 

people, hill that ate people

► di-xa-zhi wa-da-xo-we (dixáži wadáxowe) - hill that ate people from Quapaw mythology

► cf. da (da) - by mouth; da-xo-we (daxówe) - drag with teeth, draw into mouth; di-xo-we (diγówe) - drag something along; o-di-xo-we (odíxowe) - rut, groove, make by pulling

► Dhegiha: tha-xu-e (tha-xú-e) - dragged with his teeth [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: thi-xu-e (thi-xú-e) - to drag something on the ground [FL-Osage]; thi-xu-we (thi-xú-we) - to drag some dead animal by rope, to lead a horse to water [FL-Osage]; thi-xo-we (ðiiɣówe), thi-xo-e (ðiiɣóe), thi-xo (ðiiɣó) - drag [CQ-Osage]; yu-gho-we (yughówe) - drag, pull behind [Kaw]

 

people, many people

► ni-ka-shi-ka zho-hi (níkkašíka žohí) - many people [JOD]

► cf. ni-ka-shi-ka (níkkašíka) - person, people, a man, human being, clan, gen; zho-hi (žóhi) - much, many

 

► ni-ka-shi-ka zho-hi hi (níkkašíka žóhi hi) - many people, a great many people

► cf. ni-ka-shi-ka (níkkašíka) - person, people, a man, human being, clan, gen; zho-hi hi (žóhi hi) - very many, very much; zho-hi (žóhi) - much, many; hi (hi) - very

► ex: wa-sa ka-hi-ke taⁿ-ka niⁿ-kʰe ni-ka-shi-ka zho-hi hi e-ti hi-wi naⁿ t’e-da-we i-ya i-we-ke i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke niⁿ-kʰe (wasá kahíke ttą́ka nįkʰe níkkašíka žóhi hi étti híwi ną́ tʔédawé iyá iwéke iyá maštį́ke nįkʰe) - they say that a great many people went there and they killed the black bear principal chief, the rabbit said to them, they say [JOD]

► ex: “wi-te-ke ni-ka-shi-ka zho-hi hi shkoⁿ-wa-da-we,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke niⁿ-kʰe (“wítteke níkkašíka žóhi hi škǫ́wadáwe,” iyí iyá maštį́ke niⁿkʰe) - “my uncle, many people are here and will dislodge us,” said the rabbit, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ-tʰaⁿ-hi ni-ka-shi-ka zho-hi hi o-kda-x’a-x’a-we i-ya (hǫ́tʰąhi níkkašíka žóhi hi okdáxʔaxʔáwe iyá) - then, a great many people gave the scalp yell, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ i-ki-pʰe ki-ha naⁿ ni-ka-shi-ka zho-hi hi tʰi-naⁿ-we (kóišǫ́ttą íkipʰe kihá ną níkkašíka žóhi hí tʰí-ną-we) - then, when he is finished inviting many people, they usually come [JOD]

► ex: e-de ni-ka-shi-ka zho-hi hi o-kda-x’a-x’a-we i-ya bdo-ka hi (edé níkkašíka žóhi hi okdáxʔaxʔáwe iyá bdóka hi) - but there were a great many people, the entire group gave the scalp yell, it is said (they say) [JOD]

 

people, poor people

► ni-ka-shi-ka wa-xpa-ni (níkkašíka waxpání) - poor people [MS]

► cf. ni-ka-shi-ka (níkkašíka) - person, people, a man, human being, clan, gen; wa-xpa-ni (waxpáni) - poor, pitiful

► Dhegiha: ni-ka-shiⁿ-ga wa-xpa-ni (níkaciⁿga waqpáni), ni-a-shiⁿ-ga wa-xpa-ni (níaciⁿga waqpáni) - man/poor; a poor person [JOD-Omaha]; ni-ʰka-shi-ga a-ba wa-xpa-thiⁿ bi a-tha (ní-ḳa-shi-ga a-ba wa-xpa-thiⁿ bi a-tha) - the people are poverty stricken [FL-Osage]; ni-ʰka-shi-ka a-pa wa-xpa-thiⁿ-pe (níʰkašika apa waxpáðįpe) - the people are povery stricken [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: ni-ka-shiⁿ-ga (ní-ka-cíⁿ-ga), ni-a-shiⁿ-ga (ní-a-cíⁿ-ga) - a person, a human being, Indian; human beings, people; formerly applied to Indains alone [JOD-Omaha]; ni-ka-shiⁿ-ga (níkashíⁿga), (níkʰashíⁿga) - people, person [Omaha/Ponca]; ni-ka-shiⁿ-ga (nikashiⁿga) - person, people, human, citizen, man [Omaha]; ni-ʰka-shi-ga (ní-ḳa-shi-ga) - a people, people, man, person, persons [FL-Osage]; ni-ʰka-shi-ka (níʰkašika) - the people, a people, live, exist [CQ-Osage]; ni-ka-shiⁿ-ga (níkashiⁿga) - person, people, men, clan [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: wa-xpa-ni (waqpáni), wa-xpa-thiⁿ (waqpáthiⁿ) - poor, to be poor [Omaha/Ponca]; wa-xpa-thiⁿ (waxpathiⁿ) - poverty, poor [Omaha]; wa-xpa-ni (wa-qpá-ni), wa-xpa-thiⁿ (waqpá¢iⁿ) - to be poor [JOD-Omaha]; wa-xpa-thiⁿ (wa-xpá-thiⁿ) - to suffer from exhaustion, in need, poverty-stricken, poor in spirit, in great grief, in sorrow, a mourner [FL-Osage]; wa-xpa-thiⁿ (waxpáðį), wa-xpaiⁿ (waxpáį), wa-xpeiⁿ (waxpéį) - poor, poverty stricken, pitiful, humble, long suffering as the victim of pain, poverty, or ill fortune [CQ-Osage]; wa-xpa-yiⁿ (waxpáyiⁿ) - be humble, pitiful, be poor, to feel poorly, feel ill [Kaw]

 

people, rich people

► ma-ze-ska o-she a-niⁿ niⁿ (mazéska óše anį́ nį) - rich people (they have a lot of money) [MS]

► cf. ma-ze-ska (mazéska) - silver, money; o-she (óše) - plentiful, plenty, a lot; a-niⁿ (anį́) - have, keep; niⁿ (nį) - continuative aux. moving

► Dhegiha: moⁿ-ze ska (moⁿçeçka) - money, silver, currency [Omaha]; maⁿ-ze ska (máⁿzĕskă) - money [JOD-Omaha]; moⁿ-ze ska (móⁿ-çe-çka) - white metal, money [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-ze ska(mą́zeska) - money, coin, silver, literally white metal [CQ-Osage]; maⁿ-ze ska (máⁿzeska) - money, esp. silver money [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: u-she (ú-she) - plenty, plentiful [FL-Osage]; o-she (óše) - exist plentifully, lots, abundance, plenty, profusion of something [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: a-thiⁿ (áthiⁿ) - have, keep [Omaha]; a-thiⁿ (a-thíⁿ) - to have [FL-Osage]; a-thiⁿ (aðį́) - have, own, possess [CQ-Osage]; a-yiⁿ (ayíⁿ) - have, keep, get, hold [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: thiⁿ (thiⁿ) - the moving [JOD-Omaha]; thiⁿ (thiⁿ) - a man or animal moving about [FL-Osage]; yi (yi) - continuative, moving/animate [Kaw]

 

people, Spanish or Mexican people

► spa-i-’aⁿ (spáiʔą) - Mexican

► spa-i-a (spáia) - Mexican [MS]

► spa-iⁿ (spahin) - Spaniard (Espagnol) [GI]

► Dhegiha: shpai-u-na (shpaiúna) - Spaniard, Spanish person [Omaha/Ponca]; he-shpai-u-na (héshpaiúna) - Spaniard, Spanish person or people [Omaha/Ponca]; he-spa-yu-na (hespayúna) - Spaniards, Hispanic [Omaha]; i-spa-tho (i-spá-tho) - the Osage word for Spanish; Spaniard [FL-Osage]; i-shpa-thoⁿ (íšpaðǫ)  - Spanish, Mexican, French; Spaniard, any native Spanish speaking person, especially a Mexican, French person; Spanish language, French language, borrowed from Spanish español [CQ-Osage]; e-spa-na-ni (espánani), e-spa-no-ne (éspanòne) - Mexican, Spaniard [Kaw]

 

people, the moving people

► ni-ka-shi-ka-pa (níkkašikapa) - the moving people

► cf. ni-ka-shi-ka (níkkašíka) - person, people, a man, human being, clan, gen; a-pa (apa) - the, definite article for plural/moving/animate objects; a-pa (apa), pa (ppa) - continuative aspect marker, plural of niⁿ (nį) - the singular/moving/animate; continuative aux. moving

► Dhegiha: ni-ka-shiⁿ-ga a-ma (níkacíⁿga amá), ni-ka-shiⁿ-ga-ma (níkacíⁿga-ma) - the people, the men [JOD-Omaha]; ni-ka-shiⁿ-ga a-ba za-niⁿ (níkashiⁿga abá zániⁿ) - all the people [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ni-ka-shiⁿ-ga (ní-ka-cíⁿ-ga), ni-a-shiⁿ-ga (ní-a-cíⁿ-ga) - a person, a human being, Indian; human beings, people; formerly applied to Indains alone [JOD-Omaha]; ni-ka-shiⁿ-ga (níkashíⁿga), (níkʰashíⁿga) - people, person [Omaha/Ponca]; ni-ka-shiⁿ-ga (nikashiⁿga) - person, people, human, citizen, man [Omaha]; ni-ʰka-shi-ga (ní-ḳa-shi-ga) - a people, people, man, person, persons [FL-Osage]; ni-ʰka-shi-ka (níʰkašika) - the people, a people, live, exist [CQ-Osage]; ni-ka-shiⁿ-ga (níkashiⁿga) - person, people, men, clan [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: a-ma (amá) - the plural moving [JOD-Omaha]; a-pa (apa) - continuative aspect postverbal marker (indicating ongoing action or state in present, past, or future time) for 3^rd person sg. or pl. moving or absent subject [CQ-Osage]; a-ba (abá) - continuative he/she/it (animate), while moving or not within sight [Kaw]

 

people, the very old people

► sh’a-ke xti (šʔáke xtí) - elders, the very old people

► cf. sh’a-ke (šʔáke) - old, elderly, aged, old man; xti (xti) - very, real, fully; ni-ka sh’a-ke (níkka šʔaké) - old man [JOD]; sh’a-ke hi (šʔaké hí), (šʔakée hí) - old man, elder; sh’a-ke hi (šʔáke hí) - old, aged (very)

► Dhegiha: ʰts’a-ge (ṭs’a-gé) - old age, a term applied to people and horses [FL-Osage]; ʰts’a-ge (ṭs’á-ge) - father-in-law [FL-Osage]; ʰts’a-ge zhiⁿ-ga (ṭs’á-ge zhiⁿ-ga) - an old man [FL-Osage]; ts’a-ke (cʔáke) - my father-in-law used by a man addressing or referring to his wife’s father; used by anyone referring to a man’s father-in-law [CQ-Osage]; ts’ai-zhiⁿ (cʔáižį) - elderly man; husband, typically used by an older woman speaking to or referring to her elderly husband [CQ-Osage]; ts’a-ge (ts’áge) - old man; father-in-law; fail, be unable for lack of time [Kaw]; (ts’áge zhíⁿga), (ts’ágehiⁿga) - elder; ancestor; any of the deities or supernatural beings, an old man, a venerable man; an ancestor; one of the ancients or supernatural beings: hence, applied to the deities; the father of one's father-in-law; old man; be old [Kaw]

 

people, to invite the people to assemble

► i-ki-pʰe (íkipʰé) - to invite the people to assemble, to invite them [JOD]

► cf. o-pʰe (opʰé) - enter, as a lodge

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ e-ti toⁿ ko-zhi taⁿ o-zha i-ki-pʰe tʰi-we (kóišǫ́ttą étti ttǫ́ kkoží tą óža íkipʰe tʰíwe) - then from a distant village they came to invite them to dance [JOD]

► ex: i-ki-pʰe za-ni (íkipʰe zaní) - he invited everyone to assemble [JOD]

► ex: i-tʰi-ki i-ki-pʰe a-ka-zhiⁿ-wi (itʰíki íkipʰe ákažįwí) - they ordered the crier to invite the people [JOD]

► ex: i-tʰi-ki i-ki-pʰe de a-taⁿ ni-ka-shi-ka tʰi (itʰíki íkipʰé dé attą́ níkkašíka tʰí) - the crier goes to invite the people to come and assemble [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ i-ki-pʰe ki-ha naⁿ ni-ka-shi-ka zho-hi hi tʰi-naⁿ-we (kóišǫ́ttą íkipʰe kihá ną níkkašíka žóhi hí tʰí-ną-we) - then, when he is finished inviting many people, they usually come [JOD]

► Dhegiha: a-pe (á-pĕ) - to ask a person to go with him [JOD-Omaha]; a-ʰpe (á-p̣e) - to invite, to invite one to go on a journey, or on a fishing trip, to persuade [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: u-pe (up͓é) - to enter, as a lodge or room [Omaha/Ponca]; ti u-pe (tíupe) - caller, company, visit [Omaha]; u-ʰpe (u-p̣é) - to enter [FL-Osage]; o-ʰpe (oʰpé) - enter or go in/into, enter formally as into a peyote meeting [CQ-Osage]; e-ji o-phe (éji ophé) - 1) go with, follow; 2) to be a member of, as a society or club; 3) attend, as school or a meeting [Kaw]

 

people, white people

► wa-jhi-ni (waǰíni) - white people, white man, white race [MS, MR, OM]

► wa-jhi-ni (waǰíni) - American; derived from “Virginia”

► wa-jhi-ni (ŭatschinni) - American (Américain) [GI]

► wa-tshi-ni (wâ-tci-ni) - Virginian, white man [LH]

► ex: wa-jhi-ni ni-ka (waǰíni níkka) - white man [AG, OM]

► ex: wa-jhi-ni koi (waǰíni kói) - he’s a white man [MS]

► ex: wa-jhi-ni aⁿ-ka-shi-ka (waǰíni ąkką́šiká) - white man didn’t like me [MS]

► ex: aⁿ-ka-shi-ka wi-e-hoⁿ o-wa-kaⁿ-shi-ka, wa-jhi-ni (ąkką́šiká wíehǫ owákką́šiká waǰíni) - he (white man) don’t like me and I don’t like him either [MS]

► ex: wa-jhi-ni a-ki-sho-ka ma-zhaⁿ-ti o-kniⁿ wi-ke (waǰíni ákkišoka mažą́tti oknį́ wiké) - the Americans are very plentiful

► ex: wa-jhi-ni kde ta aⁿ-ba o-zha hne (waǰíni kdé tta ą́ba óža hné) - you white people go home and dance all night (request) [MS]

► ex: wa-jhi-ni kde ta zho-zhi-te e-naⁿ o-zha-wi koⁿ-bda (waǰíni kdé tta žožítte éną óžawi kkǫbdá) - you white people go home and us Indians dance all night (when the white people go home, I want just us Indians to dance) [MS]

► Dhegiha: wa-dsi-ne (wá-dsi-ni) - a disease, a malady [FL-Osage]; wa-tsʰi-ni (wácʰini), wa-tsi-ni-e (wácinie) - probably from “Virginia” which may have been used to mean “white man,” perhaps venereal disease was later associated with wa-tsʰu (wacʰú) ‘copulate’ and thus may have substituted tsʰ (ch) for ts (c), giving the variants wa-tsʰi-ni (wácʰini) and wa-tsi-ni-e (wácinie), Robert Rankin, personal communication. Additionally, wa-tsi-ni-e (wácinie) may contain or be influenced by ni-e (níe) ‘hurt’ [CQ-Osage]; wa-ji-ne (wáji ne) - disease, a malady [Kaw]

 

pepper

► ha-zi-se-koⁿ (hazíseko) - pepper

► ha-zi-se-koⁿ (hazísekoⁿ) - pepper [MS, AB, OM]

► cf. ha-zi (házi) - grapes; sa (sa) - black; e-koⁿ (ékǫ) - like

► Dhegiha: wi-u-kʰi-hoⁿ (wíukʰíhoⁿ) - pepper, “what is boiled with food” [Omaha/Ponca]; we-o-gi-hoⁿ (weogihoⁿ) - pepper [Omaha]; moⁿ-ʰkoⁿ-ʰpa (moⁿ-ḳóⁿ-p̣a) - pepper, “bitter medicine” [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-ʰka-ʰpa (mąʰkáʰpa) - pepper, lit., “bitter medicine” [CQ-Osage]; mo-kaⁿ-pa (mokáⁿpa) - pepper [Kaw]

 

perch, sit or lie on the edge

► bi-zi-pa (bizíppa) - sit or lie on the edge, to perch ► pi-zi-pa (ppízippa) - I, shpi-zi-pa (špízippa) - you

► cf. ba-zi-pa (bazíppa) - edge, nudge, push on edge; da-zi-pa (dazíppa) - bite along the edge, nip; di-zi-pa (dizíppa) - grasp or hold by the edge; ka-zi-pa (kazíppa) - chop, cut at the edge; kdi-zi-pa (kdizíppa) - hold, grasp edge of one’s own; ki-di-zi-pa (kídizippa) - hold along the edge for someone; naⁿ-zi-pa (nązíppa) - walk along the edge of something; pa-zi-pa (pázippa) - cut along the edge with a knife; po-zi-pa (pózippa) - punch along the edge of something; ta-zi-pa (tázippa) - burn along the edge of something

 

percussion cap

► zhi-ka o-bi-taⁿ (žíka óbittą́) - percussion cap

► Dhegiha: u-bi-daⁿ (u-bí-daⁿ) - to push tight; to bear against a door and make it latch [JOD-Omaha]; o-bu-daⁿ (obúdaⁿ) - ram something into something by weight or pressure, as forcing corn into a bag [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: bu-daⁿ (budáⁿ) - press on, bear down on a plank, etc. [Kaw]

 

perfect, conditional, although

► ni-tʰe (nitʰé) - conditional, perfect, although

► cf. ni-tʰe (nitʰé) - probably [JOD]; e-ni-te (énitte) - although, though; ke-ni-te (kenitté) - although [JOD]

► ex: e a-niⁿ ni-tʰe (é anį́ nitʰe) - that/the aforementioned, he probably has it [JOD]

 

perfective, continuative perfective

► niⁿ-tʰe (nįtʰé) - continuative perfective

► niⁿ-tʰe (nįtʰé) - though or heretofore [JOD]

 

perforate, pierce, stab

► ba-xdo (baxdó), ba-xto (baxtó) - pierce, stab, perforate ► pa-xdo (ppáxdo) - I, shpa-xdo (špáxdo) - you

► ex: naⁿ-ta ba-xto (nąttá baxtó) - perforations for earrings

► ex: pa ba-xto (ppá baxtó) - nose perforation for ring

► ex: i-ba-xdo (íbaxdo) - stuck in him [JOD]

► ex: wa-naⁿ-bde i-ba-xto (waną́bde íbaxto), wa-naⁿ-bdi-ba-xto (waną́bdibaxto) - fork, a table fork, lit. “something to stick food with”

► ex: i-ki-pa-xdo (íkkippaxdó) - stick or prick oneself

► ex: ke-naⁿ-ba-xdo (keną́baxdó), ki-ne-ba-xdo (kinébaxdó) - cactus plant

► ex: ho we-ba-xto (ho wébaxto) - fish spear

► ex: ma-ze we-ba-xto (máze wébaxto) - spear, war spear

► ex: wa-sa i-ba-xdo-xdo (wasá íbaxdoxdó) - small pieces of black bear meat roasted on sticks or spits [JOD]

► ex: o-po-xdo (opóxdo), o-po-kto (opókto) - shoot through something

► Dhegiha: ba-xthu (baxthu) - pierce [Omaha]; ba-xthu (ba-q¢ú) - to punch a hole, to pierce, to punch through [JOD-Omaha]; ba-xtho-ge (ba-xthó-ge) - to pierce, perforate, punch, make a hole in a piece of leather [FL-Osage]; ba-xlo-ge (baxlóge) - pierce, impale, hold with a fork [Kaw]

 

perforation, nose perforation for ring

► pa ba-xto (ppá baxtó) - nose perforation for ring

► cf. pa (ppa) - nose, beak, bill; ba-xdo (baxdó), ba-xto (baxtó) - pierce, stab, perforate; naⁿ-ta ba-xto (nąttá baxtó) - perforations for earrings; wa-sa i-ba-xdo-xdo (wasá íbaxdoxdó) - small pieces of black bear meat roasted on sticks [JOD]; wa-naⁿ-bde i-ba-xto (waną́bde íbaxto), wa-naⁿ-bdi-ba-xto (waną́bdibaxto) - fork, a table fork, “something to stick food”; ke-naⁿ-ba-xdo (keną́baxdó), ki-ne-ba-xdo (kinébaxdó) - cactus; ma-ze we-ba-xto (máze wébaxto) - spear, war spear; ho we-ba-xto (ho wébaxto) - fish spear

► Dhegiha: ʰpa ba-xthu-ge (p̣á-ba-xthu-ge) - perforation in the septum of the nose [FL-Osage]; pa ba-xlo-ge (pa báxloge) - pierced septum, pierced nose [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: pa (pa) - nose [Omaha/Ponca]; pa (pa) - nose [Omaha]; ʰpa (p̣a) - snout, the projecting nose of an animal [FL-Osage]; ʰpa (ʰpá) - nose, snout [CQ-Osage]; pa (pa) - nose [Kaw]

 

perforations for earrings

► naⁿ-ta ba-xto (nąttá baxtó), naⁿ-ta ba-xdo (nąttá baxdó) - perforations for earrings

► cf. naⁿ-ta (nąttá) - ear, the external ear; ba-xdo (baxdó), ba-xto (baxtó) - pierce, stab, perforate; pa ba-xto (ppá baxtó), pa ba-xdo (ppá baxdo) - nose perforation for ring; ki-ne-ba-xdo (kinébaxdó) - cactus [MS]; ke-naⁿ-ba-xdo (keną́baxdó dasʔį́) - cactus fruit, “what sticks...”; wa-naⁿ-bde i-ba-xto (waną́bde íbaxto) - fork, lit. “something to stick food” [OM]; wa-naⁿ-bdi-ba-xto (waną́bdibaxto) - fork, lit. “something to stick food” [MS]; ho we-ba-xto (ho wébaxto) - fish spear; ma-ze we-ba-xto (máze wébaxto) - spear, war spear

► Dhegiha: ni-ta ba-xthu (nit͓a ba-q¢ú) - to pierce the ears, in order to wear earrings [JOD-Omaha]; noⁿ-ʰta ba-xthu-ge (noⁿ-ṭá-ba-xthu-ge) - perforations in the ear lobe for earrings [FL-Osage]; noⁿ-ʰta xtho-ge (noⁿ-ṭá-xtho-ge) - a perforation of the outer ear for earrings [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: ni-ta (nita) - ear [Omaha]; ni-ta (nit͓á) - the external ear [JOD-Omaha]; noⁿ-ʰta (noⁿ-ṭá) - ears, the lobe of the ear [FL-Osage]; naⁿ-ʰtaⁿ (nąąʰtą́) - ear of a person or animal, outer part of ear, earlobe [CQ-Osage]; naⁿ-ta (naⁿtá) - ear, the external ear [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ba-xthu (baxthu) - pierce [Omaha]; ba-xthu (ba-q¢ú) - to punch a hole, to pierce, to punch through [JOD-Omaha]; ba-xtho-ge (ba-xthó-ge) - to pierce, perforate, punch, make a hole in a piece of leather [FL-Osage]; ba-xlo-ge (baxlóge) - pierce, impale, hold with a fork [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ba-xthu (baxthu) - pierce [Omaha]; ba-xthu (ba-q¢ú) - to punch a hole, to pierce, to punch through [JOD-Omaha]; ba-xtho-ge (ba-xthó-ge) - to pierce, perforate, punch, make a hole in a piece of leather [FL-Osage]; ba-xlo-ge (baxlóge) - pierce, impale, hold with a fork [Kaw]

 

perhaps, maybe

► naⁿ-te (ną́tte), (nątté) - perhaps, maybe

► naⁿ-te (naⁿ-tĕ́) - can [JOD]

► ex: di-sniⁿ-te naⁿ-te pe-te koi (dísnįte ną́tte ppétte koi) - might burn you, that fire [MS]

► Dhegiha: thoⁿ-ʰtse (thoⁿ-ṭse), thoⁿ-dse (thoⁿ-dse, thoⁿ-tsé) - perhaps, suitable, appropriate, convenient [FL-Osage]; thaⁿ-ʰtse (ðąąʰcé) - possible, suitable, appropriate, could would, probable, look like, be at the point of happening [CQ-Osage]

 

► e-te te (étte tté) - perhaps, maybe

► cf. te te (tte tté) - such and such, expresses uncertainty

► ex: a-te-zhe naⁿ, “ta-taⁿ ke aⁿ-te-zhe hi-de, mi-ka-x’e aⁿ-te-zhe hi-de e-te te,” i-ye (atéže ną, “táttą ke ą́teže hidé, mikkáxʔe ą́teže hidé étte tte,” iyé) - when I urinated, “what is this urinating on me, I wonder if it’s the stars urinating on me,” he said [JOD]

► ex: koi ta-taⁿ te-zha-i ke, mi-ka-x’e aⁿ-te-zha-i ke e-te te (kói ttátą téžai ké, mikkáxʔe ątežai ke étte tte) - what is that urinating, I wonder if the stars are urinating one me' (JOD)]

► ex: i-shpa-haⁿ-we a, e-te-te (íšpahąwé a, étte tte) - do you’all know? I wonder. [JOD]

► ex: iⁿ-ta-te, toⁿ ha-ki e-hi-te e-ti niⁿ-kʰa-zhi hi taⁿ kaⁿ-aⁿ-niⁿ-kʰe e-te te (įttátte, ttǫ́ hakí ehitté ettí nįkʰaží hi tą́ ką-ąnį́kʰe étte tté) - father, is there not a village anywhere, I wonder if we are alone [JOD]

► ex: e-ti a-shka hi ti-kde e-ti-tʰaⁿ-zhi e-te te (étti ašká hi ttíkde ettítʰąží étte tté) - I wonder, is there not a lodge very near [JOD]

► Dhegiha: e-iⁿ-te (éiⁿte) - if, perhaps, maybe [JOD-Omaha]

 

► i-ke (ikké), i-kʰe (ikʰé) - perhaps, maybe

 

periodically, drip periodically

► di-ts’e-ts’e (ditsʔétsʔe) - drip periodically ► bdi-ts’e-ts’e (bdítsʔetsʔe) - I, ti-ts’e-ts’e (ttítsʔetsʔe) - you

► cf. di-ts’e (ditsʔé) - drip liquid; o-ts’e (otsʔé) - drop of any liquid; o-ts’e-kʰi-de (otsʔékʰide) - cause to drip; a-ka-ch’e-che’e (ákačʔéčʔe) - drip onto an object, drop by drop

► Dhegiha: u-ga-’e (ugá’e) - to drip, to drop a small amount of liquid [Omaha/Ponca]; ga-e-’e (gae’e) - drip, dripping, dribble of water [Omaha]; a-ga-ʰts’e (a-gá-ṭs’e) - to drop, as water; to drop water on some object [FL-Osage]; o-thi-k’e (oðíkʔe) - drop something into [CQ-Osage]; a-ga-ts’e-ts’e (ágats’ets’e) - cause to drip, fall in drops; sprinkle [Kaw]; a-yu-ts’e-ts’e (áyuts’ets’e) - drip from the hand, through fingers [Kaw]; o-ts’e-ts’e (ots’éts’e) - whatever is dripping, in reference to liquids [Kaw]

 

permission, done without permission

► niⁿ-kʰe de (nįkʰe dé) - impermissive, done without permission

► cf. ni-ke (niké), niⁿ-ke (nįké) - to have none, be lacking; niⁿ-kʰe (nįkʰé) - continuative auxiliary sitting

 

Perpendicular Ice, Ice Standing On End

► to-xe snaⁿ-ka (tú-xe snañ́-ka), (túqe snañ́ka) - masculine name of the Kwapa ho e-ni-ka-shi-ka (hu énikacik͓a) or Fish gens; Perpendicular Ice, or Ice Standing-on-end: a name of John Hañk͓a, the head man of the gens. This name was given as tu-ha snaⁿ-ka (tú-ha snañ́-ka), in 1883 by K.; John Hañ́k͓a of the to-xe a haⁿ-ka (túqe a hañk͓a) people [JOD]

► cf. to-xe (tóγe) - ice; di-sha-k’a (dišakʔá) - bristle up, cause by handling; ki-kdi-sha-k’a (kkikdíšakʔa) - make one’s hair stand on end

► Dhegiha: nu-xe (núxe) - ice [Omaha/Ponca]; nu-xe (núxe) - ice, iceberg, icicle, icy [Omaha]; noⁿ-xe (nóⁿ-xe) - ice [FL-Osage]; naⁿ-xe (ną́γe) - ice [CQ-Osage]; naⁿ-ghe (náⁿghe), na-ghe (nághe) - ice [Kaw]

 

persimmon

► shta-naⁿ-ke (štaną́ke) - persimmon

► shta-naⁿ-ke (štaną́ke) - persimmon [MS, MR]

► cf. shta-naⁿ hi (štaną́hi) - persimmon tree

► Dhegiha: sta-iⁿ-ge (çta-íⁿ-ge) - persimmon, this food was used for food by the Osage, when ripe it was gathered, the seeds taken out, then dried on a rack made of long woven saplings [FL-Osage]; wa-staⁿ-iⁿ-ke (wastą́įke), sta-hiⁿ-ke (staahį́ke) - persimmon [CQ-Osage]; staⁿ-yiⁿ-ge (stáⁿyiⁿge) - persimmon [Kaw]

 

persimmon tree

► shta-naⁿ hi (štaną́hi) - persimmon tree

► cf. shta-naⁿ-ke (štaną́ke) - persimmon; hi (hi) - tree, bush, vine, stalk, leg

► Dhegiha: sta-iⁿ-ge hi (çta-íⁿ-ge hi) - persimmon tree [FL-Osage]; staⁿ-yiⁿ-ge hu (stáⁿyiⁿge hu) - persimmon tree
[Kaw]

 

person

► ni-ka-shi-ka (níkkašíka) - person, people, a man, human being, Indian(s), clan, gen

► ni-ka-shi-ka (níkkašíka) - people [MS, OM, AG]

► ex: ki-sto kniⁿ ni-ka-shi-ka (kistó knį́ níkkašíka) - U.S. Congress

► ex: ni-ka-shi-ka  (nikkašíka), e-ni-ka-shi-ka (énikkašíka), i-ni-ka-shi-ka (iníkkašíka) - clan, gen

► ex: ni-ka-shi-ka  wa-x’o …. shi-zhi-ka  (níkkašíka waxʔó…. šižíkka) - men, women, and the children [AG]

► ex: ni-ka-si-ka zo-we (nikkasixGa˙zó˙we) - men [FS]

► ex: “kʰa-ke, ha-ki ni-ka-shi-ka e-ti niⁿ-kʰe,” i-yi (“kʰaké, hakí níkkašíka ettí nįkʰe,” iyí) - “younger brother, where is the human being?” said he [JOD]

► ex: “ha-ki ni-ka-shi-ka e-ti niⁿ, kʰa-ke,” i-ye (“hakí níkkašíka ettí nį, kʰaké,” íye) - “where is the human being, younger brother?” he said [JOD]

► ex: ni-ka-shi-ka maⁿ-shi e-ti ni-te naⁿ (níkkašíka mą́ši ettí nité ną) - human being-above-there-how possible [JOD]

► ex: ni-ka-shi-ka wa-x’o o-do-hi-ki-de (níkkašíka waxʔó odóhikidé) - he made (caused her) to change into a female human being [JOD]

► ex: ni-ka-shi-ka e a-zha-miⁿ (níkkašika e ážamį) - I treat (think, regard) him as a human being

► ex: “ni-ka-shi-ka bnaⁿ a-ta-ha,” i-ya taⁿ pa o-di-bnaⁿ naⁿ kaⁿ-niⁿ-kʰe naⁿ i-ya-we (“níkkašíka bną́ attahá,” iyá tą ppá ódibną́ ną ką́-nįkʰé ną iyáwe) - as he sat awhile, he sniffed around with his nose, he said, “sure enough smells like a human being”, they say [JOD]

► ex: ni-ka-shi-ka-we (níkkašikáwe) - that they were people [JOD]

► ex: ni-ka-shi-ka-we i-we-niⁿ-aⁿ taⁿ-ha, i-ya (níkkašikáwe iwénįą́ tą́ha, iyá) - because he thought it was the people, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ni-ka-shiⁿ-ga (ní-ka-cíⁿ-ga), ni-a-shiⁿ-ga (ní-a-cíⁿ-ga) - a person, a human being, Indian; human beings, people; formerly applied to Indains alone [JOD-Omaha]; ni-ka-shiⁿ-ga (níkashíⁿga), (níkʰashíⁿga) - people, person [Omaha/Ponca]; ni-ka-shiⁿ-ga (nikashiⁿga) - person, people, human, citizen, man [Omaha]; ni-ʰka-shi-ga (ní-ḳa-shi-ga) - a people, people, man, person, persons [FL-Osage]; ni-ʰka-shi-ka (níʰkašika) - the people, a people, live, exist [CQ-Osage]; ni-ka-shiⁿ-ga (níkashiⁿga) - person, people, men, clan [Kaw]

 

person, corpse of a person

► ni-ka-shi-ka t’e (níkkašíka tʔé) - corpse of a person

► cf. ni-ka-shi-ka (níkkašíka) - person, people, a man, human being, clan, gen; mi t’e (tʔe) - die

► Dhegiha: ni-ka-shiⁿ-ga wiⁿ t’e (níkaciⁿga wíⁿ t’é) - person/one/died; a person died [JOD-Omaha]; ni-ka-shiⁿ-ga-ma t’e-ma za-ni-xti (níkaciⁿga-ma t’é-má zaníqti) - the people/the dead ones; all the people who have died [JOD-Omaha]; ni-ka-shiⁿ-ga t’a-i tʰe (níkaciⁿga t’ai tĕ) - people/die/the; the people have died [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: ni-ka-shiⁿ-ga (ní-ka-cíⁿ-ga), ni-a-shiⁿ-ga (ní-a-cíⁿ-ga) - a person, a human being, Indian; human beings, people; formerly applied to Indains alone [JOD-Omaha]; ni-ka-shiⁿ-ga (níkashíⁿga), (níkʰashíⁿga) - people, person [Omaha/Ponca]; ni-ka-shiⁿ-ga (nikashiⁿga) - person, people, human, citizen, man [Omaha]; ni-ʰka-shi-ga (ní-ḳa-shi-ga) - a people, people, man, person, persons [FL-Osage]; ni-ʰka-shi-ka (níʰkašika) - the people, a people, live, exist [CQ-Osage]; ni-ka-shiⁿ-ga (níkashiⁿga) - person, people, men, clan [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: t’e (t’e) - to die, to be dead [Omaha/Ponca]; ʰts’e (ṭs'e) - to die, decease, demise, defunct, to swoon, to faint [FL-Osage]; ts’e (cʔé) - die, death, the dead, dead person [CQ-Osage]; ts’e (ts’e) - dead, to die, be dead [Kaw]

 

person, extend the arm towards person

► noⁿ-pe da-ki-a-ti (nǫpé dakkiattį́) - extend the arm towards person

               ► cf. naⁿ-pe (nąpé), noⁿ-pe (nǫpé) - hand; da-ki-a-tiⁿ (dakkiattį́) - stretch out hand to someone

 

person, hands extended to person address

► bi-te (bitté) - hands, extended to person address ► pi-te (ppítte) - I, shpi-te (špítte) - you

 

Person, Little Thunder Person

► taⁿ-naⁿ zhi-ka (taⁿnáⁿ jik͓á) - Little Thunder Person, Little Thunder Being, male name, the Kwapa have persons named after the taⁿnaⁿ [JOD]

► cf. taⁿ-naⁿ (tąną́) - Thunder People who make their abode in the upper world [JOD]; taⁿ-naⁿ (tąną́) - Thunder Person, male personal name [FR]; taⁿ-naⁿ (tąną́) - thunder; taⁿ-naⁿ haⁿ-ka (taⁿnáⁿ hañk͓a) - male name [JOD]

 

person, loquacious person

► i-ye-shtaⁿ (íyeštą́) - talker, loquacious person

► cf. i-ye (íye), i-e (íe) - talk, speak, word, language; shtaⁿ (štą) - habitual aspect suffix; ha-t’e shtaⁿ (hątʔé štą) - sickly [JOD]; wa-maⁿ-da-shtaⁿ (wamą́daštą́) - thief, who steals habitually

► Dhegiha: i-e-shtoⁿ (í-e-shtoⁿ) - a talkative person [FL-Osage]; i-e-shtaⁿ (íeštą) - talker, one who talks too much, is mouthy, or interrupts, lit., “talks constantly” [CQ-Osage]; i-e-shtaⁿ (íeshtaⁿ) - a great talker, one who likes to talk [Kaw]

 

person, meet a person or animal

► a-ki-pa (ákkippa) - meet a person or animal ► a-a-ki-pa (áakkippa) - I, a-da-ki-pa (ádakkippa) - you, oⁿ-ka-ki-pa-we (ǫkakkippawe) - we

► cf. a-ki-pa-i-naⁿ (ákkippainą́) - collide, run into, to butt; a-ki-pa-t’o i-he-de (ákkippatʔo ihéde) - close off, stop up, clog, as in a traffic jam; a-ki-pa-t’o ka-xe (ákkippatʔo káγe) - close, as sliding doors

► ex: a-wi-ki-pa ta miⁿ-kʰe (áwikkippá ttá mįkʰé) - I will meet you

► ex: aⁿ-da-ki-pa (ą́dakkippa) - you meet me

► Dhegiha: a-ki-pa (á-ki-pa) - to meet a person, etc. [JOD-Omaha]; a-ki-pa (akipa) - meet [Omaha]; a-ʰki-pa (á-ḳi-pa) - to meet another [FL-Osage]; a-ʰki-ʰpa (áʰkiʰpa) - encounter, meet [CQ-Osage]; a-ki-pa (ákipa) - meet [Kaw]

 

person, one person

► ni-ka-shi-ka miⁿ (níkkašíka mį́) - one person [JOD]

► cf. ni-ka-shi-ka (níkkašíka) - person, people, a man, human being, clan, gen; miⁿ (mį) - one, a, an

► ex: shka-te shoⁿ-niⁿ naⁿ-zha ma-sa-ni-taⁿ ni-ka-shi-ka miⁿ ki-baⁿ hi-de (škátte šǫ-nį́ ną́ža másanítą níkkašíka mį́ kíbą híde) - after he had been playing awhile, a person called to him from the other side (of the river) [JOD]

► ex: ta-bde de tʰe taⁿ ni-ka-shi-ka miⁿ tʰi (tábde de tʰé tą níkkašíka mį tʰí) - when you went hunting a person came [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ni-ka-shiⁿ-ga wiⁿ (níkaciⁿga wíⁿ) - one person, a person, the person [JOD-Omaha]; ni-ʰka-shi-e wiⁿ (níʰkašíe wį) - a person [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: ni-ka-shiⁿ-ga (ní-ka-cíⁿ-ga), ni-a-shiⁿ-ga (ní-a-cíⁿ-ga) - a person, a human being, Indian; human beings, people; formerly applied to Indains alone [JOD-Omaha]; ni-ka-shiⁿ-ga (níkashíⁿga), (níkʰashíⁿga) - people, person [Omaha/Ponca]; ni-ka-shiⁿ-ga (nikashiⁿga) - person, people, human, citizen, man [Omaha]; ni-ʰka-shi-ga (ní-ḳa-shi-ga) - a people, people, man, person, persons [FL-Osage]; ni-ʰka-shi-ka (níʰkašika) - the people, a people, live, exist [CQ-Osage]; ni-ka-shiⁿ-ga (níkashiⁿga) - person, people, men, clan [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: wiⁿ (wiⁿ) - one [Omaha/Ponca]; wiⁿ (wiⁿ) - one [Omaha]; wiⁿ (wiⁿ) - one, single [FL-Osage]; wiⁿ (wį) - a, an, one, single, any one, one of a group [CQ-Osage]; miⁿ (miⁿ) - one, a, an; indefinite article [Kaw]

 

person, scalp a person

► ni-zhi-ha di-xpe (nižíha dixpé) - scalp a person

► cf. ni-zhi-ha (nižíha) - hair of the human head; di-xpe (dixpé) - scalp

 

person, shake as a person or tree

► i-di-zhoⁿ-zhoⁿ (ídižǫ́žǫ) - shake, as a person or tree ► i-bdi-zhoⁿ-zhoⁿ (íbdižǫ́žǫ) - I, i-ti-zhoⁿ-zhoⁿ (íttižǫ́žǫ) - you

► cf. zhoⁿ-zhoⁿ (žǫ́žǫ) - shake

► ex: naⁿ-pe o-di-zhoⁿ-zhoⁿ (nąpe ódižožo) - to shake hands

► ex: naⁿ-pe o-di-zhoⁿ-zhoⁿ, ha-we (nąpé ódižǫ́žǫ, hawé) - hello, shake hands [MS]

► ex: naⁿ-pe o-di-zhoⁿ-zhoⁿ-wi-a-we (nąpé ódižǫ́žǫwiáwe) - they said, they shook hands [MS]

► ex: pa-hi ka-zhoⁿ-zhoⁿ niⁿ-kʰe (ppahí kažǫ́žǫ nįkʰé) - he’s (dog) shaking his head, he’s (dog) shaking the fleas [MS]

► Dhegiha: i-thi-zhoⁿ-zhoⁿ (ithi zhoⁿzhoⁿ) - to jar [Omaha]

► Dhegiha: thi-zhoⁿ-zhoⁿ (thi zhoⁿzhoⁿ) - jar [Omaha]; thi-zhoⁿ-zhoⁿ (thi-zhoⁿ-zhoⁿ) - to arouse a person from a sound sleep by roughly shaking him; arouse by shaking [FL-Osage]; thi-zhaⁿ-zhaⁿ (ðižą́žą), thi-zha-zha (ðižaža) - shake a person, an object, or one’s own body part, such as shaking the head [CQ-Osage]

 

person, side of a person or animal

► di-we (díwe) - side of a person or animal

► ti-we (tíwe) - rib

► ti-we (ti-we) - rib, rib bone [MS]

► cf. ti di-we (tti díwe) - wall, side of a house

► Dhegiha: thi-e (¢ié) - side [JOD-Omaha]; thi-e (thie) - lumbar region [Omaha]; thiu-we (thiú-we) - the body, from the armpits down to the hips; the waist [FL-Osage]; thu-we (ðúwe) - waist, diaphragm, rib cage [CQ-Osage]; yu-we (yúwe) - side of a person or animal
[Kaw]

 

person, the dead person

► t’e kʰe (tʔe kʰe) - the dead person

► cf. t’e (tʔe) - die, kʰe (kʰe) - the singular/lying/animate or inanimate

► ex: de-do tʰi, t’e kʰe (dedo tʰi, tʔe kʰe) - he/she arrived here, the dead (person)

► Dhegiha: t’e kʰe (t’e kĕ́) - the dead one [JOD-Omaha]; ʰts’e kshe (ṭs’e kshe) - a corpse [FL-Osage]; ts’e khe (ts’é khe) - the corpse [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: t’e (t’e) - to die, to be dead [Omaha/Ponca]; ʰts’e (ṭs’e) - to die, decease, demise, defunct, to swoon, to faint [FL-Osage]; ts’e (cʔé) - die, death, the dead, dead person [CQ-Osage]; ts’e (ts’e) - dead, to die, be dead [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: kʰe (kʰe) - the inanimate lying, the inanimate horizontal, be positioned horizontally, an extended action in a lying position [Omaha]; kshe (kshe) - to prostrate, that lies, to lay down, to place flat on the ground or to be prostrate on any surface, the length of time from the beginning of a vigil [FL-Osage]; kshe (kše) - positional article for an entity that is lying down or long; positional article that indicates plurality of an inanimate entity that takes tsʰe (cʰe) “standing” positional in the singular [CQ-Osage]; kshe (kše) - lying down or long [CQ-Osage]; khe (khe) - “the”; definite article for lying/inanimate objects [Kaw]

 

Person, Thunder Person or People

► taⁿ-naⁿ (tąną́) - Thunder People who make their abode in the upper world [JOD]

► taⁿ-naⁿ (tąną́) - Thunder Person, male personal name [FR]

► taⁿ-naⁿ (tąną́) - thunder

► taⁿ-naⁿ (ton-no) - thunder (tonnerre) [GI]

► cf. taⁿ-naⁿ zhi-ka (taⁿnáⁿ jik͓á) - Little Thunder Person, Little Thunder Being, male name, the Kwapa have persons named after the taⁿnaⁿ [JOD]; taⁿ-naⁿ haⁿ-ka (taⁿnáⁿ hañk͓a) - male name [JOD]

 

person’s back

► ziⁿ-ba (zį́ba), ziⁿ-aⁿ-ba (zį́ąba), ziⁿ-i-ba (zį́íba) - back, person’s back, back of a person

► ziⁿ-ba (zį́ba) - a person's back [MS] 

► ex: ziⁿ-ba kʰe (zį́ba-kʰé) - the back

 

perspire, sweat

► ba-xi-te (baxítte), ba-xiⁿ-te (baxį́tte), pa-xiⁿ-te (paxį́tte) - sweat, perspire ► aⁿ-ba-xi-te (ąbáxitte) - I, di-ba-xi-te (dibáxitte) - you

► Dhegiha: ba-xi-dse (ba-xí-dse) - to sweat, to perspire [FL-Osage]; pa-xi-tse (paγíce), pa-xiⁿ-tse (paγį́ce) - sweat, perspire [CQ-Osage]; ba-ghiⁿ-je (baghíⁿje) - sweat, perspire
[Kaw]

 

pestle

► ho-te pʰa (hótte pʰá) - pestle

► cf. ho-te (hótte), ho-de (hóde) - mortar for pounding corn

► Dhegiha: ho-we-ʰpa (hó-we-pa) - pestle, used with a mortar [FL-Osage]; ho-we-pa (howepa) - pestle [Kaw]; ho-we-ta-pha (howétaphà) - pestle, top of a grinder [Kaw]

 

peyote staff

► maⁿ ste-te (mą́ stétte) - medicine arrow, peyote staff

► maⁿ ste-te (mâⁿ stä te) - medicine arrow, this is not the best “arrow” in the tribe which is of different type, this was made by the Delaware but has been in use among the Quapaw, the “arrow” is the most important article used in the mescal (peyote) ceremony, and the hardest to get, I could not get the symbolism, from John Beaver [MH]

► cf. maⁿ (mą) - arrow; ste-te (stétte) - tall, long

► Dhegiha: moⁿ (moⁿ) - arrow [Omaha/Ponca]; moⁿ (moⁿ) - arrow [Omaha]; maⁿ (maⁿ) - an arrow [JOD-Omaha]; moⁿ (moⁿ) - an arrow [FL-Osage]; maⁿ (mą́), moⁿ (mǫ́) - arrow; staff used at peyote meetings [CQ-Osage]; maⁿ (maⁿ) - arrow [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: zne-de (zné-de) - long [Omaha/Ponca]; sne-de (çnede) - long [Omaha]; sne-de (sne-dé) - long, tall [JOD-Omaha]; stse-dse (stse-dsé), ste-ʰtse (ste-ṭse), stse-e (stse-e), ste-e (ste-e) - tall, long [FL-Osage]; stse-tse (scéce), stse (scé) - tall, long [CQ-Osage]; stse-je (scéje) - long, tall [Kaw]

 

pharynx

► de-ze o-zhi-ka (déze ožíka) - pharynx

► cf. de-ze (déze), de-se (dése) - tongue; o-zhi-ka (ožíka), o-zhiⁿ-ka (óžįká) - smaller part, something small

► Dhegiha: the-ze (théze) - tongue [Omaha/Ponca]; the-ze (théçe) - tongue [Omaha]; the-ze (thé-çe) - tongue [FL-Osage]; the-ze (théeze) - tongue [CQ-Osage]; ye-ze (yéze), le-ze (léze) -  tongue [Kaw]

 

physically healthy

► ko-ke (kkokké) - health, strength; be physically healthy ► aⁿ-ko-ke (ąkkókke) - I’m, di-ko-ke (dikkókke) - you’re

► cf. ko-ka-zhi (kkokkáži) - weak, feeble; ki-ko-ke (kikkókke) - recover, get well

 

picayune

► pi-kai-aⁿ (ppikkaíą), pi-kai-oⁿ (ppikkaíǫ) - picayune, 5 or 15 cents, depending on the time, from French or Mobilian jargon

► pi-kai-aⁿ (ppikkaíą) - nickel, five cents [MS, OM]

► pi-kai-oⁿ (ppikkaíǫ) - 5 cents [JOD]

► Dhegiha: pi-kiu (pikiu) - Picayunne or Nickel Band, named after the French coin; so named because this band was the first to obtain five-cent pieces [Kaw]

 

► pe-ta-yoⁿ (petáyǫ), (ppetáyǫ) - picayune, 15 cents; approximately 15 cents

► ex: ska-di mi-xti pe-ta-yoⁿ (skádi míxti ppetáyǫ) - fifteen cents [AG]

 

pick

► ba-hi (báhi) - to pick [JOD]

► ba-hi (bahí) - grab ► pa-hi (ppáhi) - I, shpa-hi (špáhi) - you

► cf. ki-ba-hi (kibáhi) - to pick up one’s own [JOD]; wa-ba-hi (wabáhi) - pick up food as birds, animals

► ex: wa-ta-sto-ta ba-hi (watástotta báhi) - to pick pecan nuts [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ba-hi (bahí) - select, pick; pick up [Omaha]; ba-hi (bahi) - to pick up, gather up [JOD-Omaha]; ba-hi (bahí) - to pick, as selecting one from many; to sort, to sort the good from the bad; picked, selected, the best; to pick or gather from the ground; to be elected [FL-Osage]; pa-hi (paahí) - pick or gather (e.g., fruit, flowers), collect together or pick up (many small, scattered things), sort (e.g., beans, clothing to be laundered) [CQ-Osage]; ba-hi (bahí) - pick up, gather; to pick or gather from the ground, as fruit, vegetables, etc. [Kaw]

 

pick a bone clean

► di-wa-hi-ska-ha (diwáhiskahá) - pick a bone clean ► bdi-wa-hi-ska-ha (bdíwahiskahá) - I, ti-wa-hi-ska-ha (ttíwahiskahá) - you

► cf. di (di) - by hand, pulling; wa-hi (wahí) - bone; wa-ska-ha (waskáha) - whitened, white

► Dhegiha: ska-ha (skáha) - bright, clear [CQ-Osage]; wa-ska-ha (waskáha) - become white all along a surface, as the light at dawn [Kaw]

 

pick fruit, berries, etc.

► di-we (diwé) - pick fruit, berries, etc. ► bdi-we (bdíwe) - I, ti-we (ttíwe) - you

► Dhegiha: ʰkoⁿ-dse thu-we (ḳóⁿ-dse thu-we) - fruit picking [FL-Osage]

 

pick on, irritate

► i-si-aⁿ (ísią́) - irritate, pick on ► i-da-si-aⁿ (idásią́) - I, i-da-si-aⁿ (ídasią́) - you

► Dhegiha: i-si (íçi) - to dislike, to hate, to abhor, repugnance [FL-Osage]; i-si (íisi) - hate, dislike, detest, abhor, despise [CQ-Osage]; i-si (ísi) - hate, dislike [Kaw]

 

► i-si-wa-de (ísiwáde) - irritate, pick on someone ► i-da-si-wa-de (idásiwáde) - I, i-da-si-wa-de (ídasiwáde) - you

► Dhegiha: i-si-wa-the (í-çi-wa-the) - contemptible, despicable, base, vile, infamous [FL-Osage]; i-si-e wa-the (í-çi-e wa-the) - a knave; a tricky, deceitful person [FL-Osage]; i-si-wa-the (íisiwaðe) - be mean, hateful, disliked, destestible, contemptible, despicable, base, vile, infamous, spiteful, lit., “cause folks to hate him/her” [CQ-Osage]; i-si-wa-ye (ísiwàye) - hateful, abominable, no good [Kaw]

 

► i-si-si-ke (ísisíke) - mistreat, abuse someone

► ex: i-di-si-si-ke (idísisíke) - they abuse you [JOD]

► ex: e-ti te na-ha i-di-si-si-ke hi ta-i e-de (étti tté nahá idísisike hi ttai edé) - do not go there, they will sure enough abuse you [JOD]

 

pick up food as birds, animals

► wa-ba-hi (wabáhi) - pick up food as birds, animals

► cf. ba-hi (báhi) - to pick, grab; ki-ba-hi (kibáhi) - to pick up one’s own [JOD]

► ex: o-ti-ti wa-ba-hi (óttitti wabahi) - snatch up bits

► Dhegiha: wa-ba-hi (wá-ba-hi) - to gather them together [JOD-Omaha]; wa-ba-hi (wa-bá-hi) - to graze as animals; a grazing place, a place of resort for game; to gather together or collect pieces of meat to give to the chiefs, the act of a brave; wa-ba-hi (wábahi) - collection; graze [Omaha]; wa-ba-hi (wa-bá-hi) - to graze, grazing; to pick, choose, or select them [FL-Osage]; wa-pa-hi (wapáahi) - pick, choose, or select people or things [CQ-Osage]

 

pick up one’s own

► ki-ba-hi (kibáhi) - to pick up one’s own [JOD]

► cf. ba-hi (báhi) - to pick, grab; wa-ba-hi (wabáhi) - pick up food as birds, animals

► ex: ki-ba-hi a-taⁿ wa-ba-tʰe o-zhi-ha niⁿ-kʰe o-ki-zhi maⁿ-niⁿ niⁿ, i-ya (kibáhi-attą́ wabátʰe óžiha nįkʰé okíži mą́nį nį́, iyá) - she walked around picking up the pieces, filling her sewing bag, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► Dhegiha: gi-pa-hi (gi-p͓á-hi) - to pick ip or gather his own from the ground [JOD-Omaha]; gi-ba-hi (gí-ba-hi) - to pick or gather from the ground (neither from trees nor from bushes) for another [JOD-Omaha]; ki-pa-hi (k͓i-p͓á-hi) - to pick out for themselves [JOD-Omaha]; ʰki-ʰpa-hi (ḳip̣áhi) - to choose a man or woman from their own number, as in a ball game [FL-Osage]; ʰki-ʰpa-hi (ʰkíʰpaahi) - pick, pick up, choose, select for oneself [CQ-Osage]

 

pick up with pointed object

► ba-ha-ta (bahattá) - pick up with pointed object ► pa-ha-ta (ppáhatta) - I, shpa-ha-ta (špáhatta) - you

► cf. ba-ha-ta de-de (bahátta déde) - brush aside; bi-ha-ta de-de (bihátta déde) - lever, weight, press on end; di-ha-ta (díhattá) - lift something; di-ha-ta de-de (dihátta déde) - lift, pull up suddenly; ka-ha-ta de-de (kahátta déde) - knock aside, turn aside; naⁿ-ha-ta de-de (nąhátta déde) - lift with the foot; po-ha-ta de-de (póhatta déde) - poke something in order to lift it

 

pick, harvest corn

► di-se (disé) - pick, harvest corn ► bdi-se (bdíse) - I, ti-se (ttíse) - you

► cf. pa-se (páse) - cut off with a knife; ma-ze-pa wa-da-se (mazéppa wadáse) - katydid, lit. “bites off a teat”

► Dhegiha: thi-se (¢isé) - to pick them [JOD-Omaha]; wa-thi-se (wathiçe) - harvest [Omaha]; thi-se (thí-çe) - to pick flowers or berries, to cut as with scissors [FL-Osage]; thu-se (ðuusé) - cut [CQ-Osage]; yu-se (yusé) - to pick, as beans, can also refer to guitar or banjo picking; break, as bread, with the hands [Kaw]

 

pick, pull open, peel

► di-zha-ke (dižáke) - pick, pull open, peel ► bdi-zha-ke (bdížake) - I, ti-zha-ke (ttížake) - you

► cf. ma-ze di-zha-ke (máze dižáke) - cock a gun

► Dhegiha: thu-sha-ke (ðuušáake) - pull out multiple pieces from or of something; husk, pick or pluck, peel; strip, denude [CQ-Osage]; yu-zha-ge (yuzháge) - split something or tear a larger hole, using the hands or by cutting with scissors [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: zha-ge (zháge) - verb root, made larger, enlarged, as a hole [Omaha/Ponca]; zha-ge (zháge) - verb root, to be opened wider, as a hole or split
[Kaw]

 

pick, toothpick

► hi-ka-sho-ko-bo-te (híkašókobotte), hi-ga-sho-go-bo-te (hígašógobotte) - tooth pick

► Dhegiha: hi-u-ga-sha-ge i-ba-gu-de (hiúgasháge íbagúde) - toothpick [Omaha/Ponca]; hi u-ga-sha-ge i-ba ku-de (hi ugashage iba kude) - toothpick [Omaha]; hiu-ga-sha-ge i-ba-gu-dse (hiú-ga-sha-ge i-ba-gu-dse) - toothpick [FL-Osage]; hi o-ga-sha-ge i-ba-go-je (hí ogashage íbagòje) - toothpick [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: hi-u-ga-sha-ge ba-gu-de (hiugacage bagude) - to pick the teeth [Omaha/Ponca]; hi o-ga-sha-ge ba-go-je (hí ogàshage bagoje) - pick the teeth [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: hi-u-ga-sha-ge (hiúgasháge) - between teeth, anything between the teeth, such as particles of food [Omaha/Ponca]; hiu-ga-sha-ge (hiú-ga-sha-ge) - particles of food that lodge between the teeth while eating (FL-Osage); hi o-ga-sha-ge (hí ógashàge) - particles between the teeth, as food [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: hi o-ba-go-je (hí obágoje) - pick the teeth, toothpick [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ba-gu-dse (ba-gú-dse) - to probe into a hole, as cleaning a pipe with a stick, to clean a pipestem [FL-Osage]; ba-go-je (bagóje) - pick, probe, pick the teeth [Kaw]

 

picture

► wa-ka-ka-xe (wakákaγe) - picture

► cf. wa-ka-ka-xe shkoⁿ ki-de (wakákaγe škǫ kíde) - movie, show, picture show

► Dhegiha: iⁿ-de wa-ga-xe (iⁿde wagaxe) - photograph, picture [Omaha]; iⁿ-de wa-ga-xe (iⁿdé wagáxe) - face picture [JOD-Omaha]; wa-ga-xe (wa-gá-xe) - a picture of, a symbol of [FL-Osage]

 

picture show, movie, show

► wa-ka-ka-xe shkoⁿ ki-de (wakákaγe škǫ kíde) - movie, show, picture show

► cf. wa-ka-ka-xe (wakákaγe) - picture; shkoⁿ (škǫ) - move; ki-de (kíde) - cause itself

► ex: wa-ka-ka-xe shkoⁿ ki-de te shkoⁿ-ta (wakákaγe škǫ kíde tté škǫttá) - do you want to go to the show? [OM]

► Dhegiha: iⁿ-de wa-ga-xe shkoⁿ shkoⁿ (iⁿde wagaxe shkoⁿshkoⁿ) - movie [Omaha]; wa-ga-xe (wa-gá-xe) - a picture of, a symbol of [FL-Osage]; ʰke-da-xe shkoⁿ (ḳé-da-xe-shkoⁿ) - moving pictures, “moving shadows” [FL-Osage]

 

pie

► we-do-di-shiⁿ (wédodíšį) - pie, refers to wrapping or covering

► we-do-di-shiⁿ (wédodíšį) - pie [AG, OM]

► cf. o-di-shiⁿ (odíšį) - wrap, fold in a bundle; niⁿ-te o-di-shiⁿ (nį́tte ódišį) - pants, trousers, “wraps or covers the buttocks”; pa-hi o-di-shiⁿ, pa-ho-di-shiⁿ (pah-hŭ-odischih) - bonnet (bonnet), “wraps or covers the head” [GI]; wa-tʰe di-shiⁿ (watʰé díšį) - apron, “wraps or covers the dress”

► Dhegiha: u-thi-shiⁿ (uthíshiⁿ) - cover, to cover, as with a garment [Omaha/Ponca]; u-thi-shiⁿ (u-thí-shiⁿ) - to wrap anything up [FL-Osage]; o-thi-shi (oðíši) - wrap, cover for a tipi, sweat house, pillow, etc. [CQ-Osage]; a-yi-shiⁿ (áyishiⁿ) - to bundle up in a cloth or blanket [Kaw]; o-yu-shiⁿ (oyúshiⁿ) - bundle something up, cover something by surrounding it [Kaw]

 

piece, apiece

► na-na (-naná), naⁿ-naⁿ (-ną́ną) - distributive of numerals

► ex: miⁿ naⁿ-naⁿ (mįną́ną) - by ones, one each, one apiece

► ex: naⁿ-pa naⁿ-naⁿ (nąpánąną́) - two each, by twos, two apiece

► ex: da-bniⁿ naⁿ-naⁿ (dábnįną́ną) - by threes; 3 apiece

► ex: to-wa naⁿ-naⁿ (towánąną́) - four each, by fours

► ex: sa-taⁿ naⁿ-naⁿ (sáttąną́ną) - five apiece, by fives

► ex: sha-pe naⁿ-naⁿ (šáppe ną́ną) - by sixes, 6 apiece, 6 at a time

► ex: pe-naⁿ-pa naⁿ-naⁿ (ppénąpánąną́) - seven apiece, by sevens

► ex: pe-da-bni naⁿ-naⁿ (ppedábnįną́ną) - eight apiece, eight at a time

► ex: shaⁿ-ka naⁿ-naⁿ (šą́kka ną́ną) - by nines

► ex: kde-bdaⁿ naⁿ-naⁿ (kdébdąną́ną) - by tens, 10 apiece, 10 at a time

► ex: da-bniⁿ a-kniⁿ naⁿ-naⁿ (dábnįáknįną́ną) - by thirteens; 13 apiece

► ex: sha-pe a-kniⁿ naⁿ-naⁿ (šappé áknį ną́ną) - by sixteens, 16 each

► ex: pe-naⁿ-pa a-kniⁿ naⁿ-naⁿ (ppénąpáaknį́nąną́) - seventeen apiece, seventeen at a time

► ex: shaⁿ-ka a-kniⁿ naⁿ-naⁿ (šą́kka áknį ną́ną) - by nineteens, 19 each

► ex: kde-bnaⁿ naⁿ-pa naⁿ-naⁿ (kdébnąną́paną́ną) - by twenties, 20 apiece

► ex: kde-bdaⁿ da-bni naⁿ-naⁿ (kdébdądábniną́ną) - by thirties, 30 each

► ex: e-zhi-naⁿ-naⁿ (éžiną́ną) - different things, different

► ex: ha-na-ska naⁿ-naⁿ (hánaska ną́ną) - how big is each

► ex: wa-da miⁿ naⁿ-naⁿ (wadá míⁿnąną́) - hourly

► Dhegiha: wiⁿ thoⁿ-thoⁿ (wiⁿthoⁿthoⁿ) - each [Omaha]; wiⁿ-thoⁿ-thoⁿ (wíⁿ-thoⁿ-thoⁿ) - one apiece, one by one [FL-Osage]; miⁿ yaⁿ-ye (míⁿ yaⁿye) - one apiece, one to each, distributive [Kaw]

 

piece, cut or knock off a piece

► ka-shpe (kašpé) - cut off, knock off a piece ► a-shpe (ášpe) - I, da-shpe (dášpe) - you, aⁿ-ka-shpa-we  (ąkášpawe) - we

► cf. i-ka-shpe (íkašpe) - break from weight; di-shpe (dišpé) - pull off something adhering; di-shpa-shpa (dišpášpa) - tear into pieces; i-di-shpe (ídišpe) - break off, break out; pa-shpe (pášpĕ) - to cut out a piece or portion with a knife [JOD]; pa-shpa-shpa (pášpašpa) - dice, cut into small pieces; o-shpe (ošpé) - fragment

► Dhegiha: ga-shpe (ga-cpé) - to separate, cut loose from; to cut in two, as a pair of blankets; to cut off a piece with and axe or knife; to knock off a piece [JOD-Omaha]; ga-shpe (ga-shpé) - bit; a small coin valued at about 12 ½ cents; to cut one’s hand by accident [FL-Osage]; ka-shpe (kašpé) - bit, portion (of an item); twelve and a half sents [CQ-Osage]; ga-shpe (gashpé) - cut in two, cut loose from; cut, chip, or knock a piece off from, as with an ax; quarter, quarter of a dollar [Kaw]

 

piece, part

► he-be (hébe), he-pe (hépe) - piece, part

► ex: di-he-pe (dihepé) - take out a piece of something

► ex: e-shoⁿ e-ti pa-ze he-be hi a-kde (ešǫ́ ettí ppáze hébe hí akdé) - so already (that) evening I started home

► Dhegiha: he-be (hébe) - partial; to be a part, piece, or portion of something [Omaha/Ponca]; he-be (hebe) - piece, part [Omaha]; he-be (hé-be) - a piece, a part, portion [FL-Osage]; he-pe (hépe) - a small amount, approximately half a container; piece, part, some, a bit; he-be (hébe) - piece, a little bit, a part [Kaw]

 

piece, take out a piece of something

► di-he-pe (dihepé) - take out a piece of something ► bdi-he-pe (bdíhepe) - I, ti-he-pe (ttíhepe) - you

► cf. he-be (hébe), he-pe (hépe) - piece, part

► Dhegiha: thi-he-be (thi hebe) - decrease [Omaha]

► Dhegiha: he-be (hébe) - partial; to be a part, piece, or portion of something [Omaha/Ponca]; he-be (hebe) - piece, part [Omaha]; he-be (hé-be) - a piece, a part, portion [FL-Osage]; he-pe (hépe) - a small amount, approximately half a container; piece, part, some, a bit; he-be zhiⁿ-ga (hébe zhìⁿga) - little bit [Kaw]

 

piece, to cut out a piece or portion with a knife

► pa-shpe (pášpĕ) - to cut out a piece or portion with a knife [JOD] ► pa-a-shpe (páašpe) - I

► cf. pa (pá) - by cutting with a knife; pa-shpa-shpa (pášpašpa) - dice, cut into small pieces; di-shpe (dišpé) - pull off something adhering; i-di-shpe (ídišpe) - break off, break out; di-shpa-shpa (dišpášpa) - tear into pieces; ka-shpe (kašpé) - cut off, knock off a piece; i-ka-shpe (íkašpe) - break from weight; o-shpe (ošpé) - fragment

► ex: pa-a-shpe (páašpe) - I cut out the piece with a knife [JOD]

► ex: “shaⁿ-iⁿ-te xwiⁿ niⁿ-kʰe pa-a-shpe naⁿ oⁿ-bde naⁿ ho-taⁿ te, i-ye,” i-yi, i-ya-we (“šą́įtte xwį́ nįkʰé páašpe ną ǫbdé ną hóttą tté, iyé,” iyí, iyáwe) - well, when I cut out the bad/offensive smelling part and I throw it away, then it will be good, he said that,” she said, they say [JOD]

► ex: pa-shpe (pášpe) - to cut it out with a knife (that portion) [JOD]

► ex: “shaⁿ-iⁿ-te xwiⁿ niⁿ-kʰe pa-shpe naⁿ oⁿ-de naⁿ ho-taⁿ te,” i-yi (“šą́įtte xwį nįkʰe pášpe ną ǫde ną hóttą tte,” iyí, iyáwe) - “well, when the bad/offensive smelling part is cut out and thrown away, then it will be good,” he said that, they say [JOD]

► ex: pa-shpe (pašpé) - cut out a piece with a knife [JOD]

► ex: wa-sa zho pa-shpe a-niⁿ kdi (wasá žo pašpé anį́ kdi) - she cut a piece of the black bear meat/flesh and brought it home [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ma-shpe (máshpe) - to cut off a large piece with a knife or handsaw [Omaha/Ponca]; ba-shpe (bá-shpe) - to cut a piece of fruit or vegetable with a knife [FL-Osage]; pa-shpe (paašpé), pa-shpu (paašpú) - cut corn, fresh corn cut off the cob [CQ-Osage]; ba-shpe (báshpe) - cut off a piece of something with a knife or saw [Kaw]; ba-shpe (bashpé) - push off a piece of something; push a piece off of the edge of an object by holding the end of a stick or something similar firmly against it [Kaw]

 

piece, yonder piece of land

► ma-zhaⁿ ko-wa-niⁿ-kʰe (mažą́ kówanįkʰe) - yonder piece of land

► cf. ma-zhaⁿ (mažą́), ma-zhoⁿ (mažǫ́) - land; ko-wa-niⁿ-kʰe (kówanįkʰé) - that singular/sitting/animate or inanimate, yonder

► Dhegiha: moⁿ-zhoⁿ (moⁿzhoⁿ) - world, country, land [Omaha]; ma-zhoⁿ (mazhóⁿ) - land [Omaha/Ponca]; moⁿ-zhoⁿ (moⁿ-zhoⁿ) - earth, country, farm, world, land [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-zhaⁿ (mą́žą), moⁿ-zhoⁿ (mǫ́žǫ) - land, country, countryside, earth, world, allotment, farm [CQ-Osage]; mo-zhoⁿ (mozhóⁿ), ma-zhaⁿ (mazháⁿ), moⁿ-zhaⁿ (moⁿzháⁿ) - land, earth, country [Kaw]

 

pieces, break into pieces or cut up

► ba-to-we (battówe) - break into pieces, cut up ► pa-to-we (ppáttowe) - I, shpa-to-we (špáttowe) - you

► cf. ba (ba) - by pushing; bi-to-we (bittówe) - break, crumble into pieces; da-to-we (dattówe) - chew to pieces; di-to-we (dittówe) - plow, pulverize the soil; we-di-to-we (wédittówe) - plow; ka-to-we (kattówe) - shatter, break in pieces; naⁿ-to-we (nąttówe) - step on or kick and break something; pa-to-we (páttowe) - cut into large pieces; po-to-we (póttowe) - punch or shoot to pieces; to-wa-de (ttowáde) - crumble of it’s own accord

► Dhegiha: a-ba-tu-be (ábatube) - crush, to crush on something by punching, pounding, or ramming [Omaha/Ponca]; ba-ʰto-be (bá-ṭo-be) - chopped fine; to slice; to cut up [FL-Osage]; ba-to-be (batóbe) - grind, pound fine [Kaw]

 

pieces, break or crumble into pieces

► bi-to-we (bittówe) - break, crumble into pieces ► pi-to-we (ppíttowe) - I, shpi-to-we (špíttowe) - you

► cf. bi (bi) - by pressing, rubbing; ba-to-we (battówe) - break into pieces, cut up; da-to-we (dattówe) - chew to pieces; di-to-we (dittówe) - plow, pulverize the soil; we-di-to-we (wédittówe) - plow; ka-to-we (kattówe) - shatter, break in pieces; naⁿ-to-we (nąttówe) - step on or kick and break something; pa-to-we (páttowe) - cut into large pieces; po-to-we (póttowe) - punch or shoot to pieces; to-wa-de (ttowáde) - crumble of it’s own accord

► Dhegiha: bi-tu-be (bitúbe) - crumble, to make something crumble by weight or pressure, as an old log or stump [Omaha/Ponca]

 

pieces, chew to pieces

► da-to-we (dattówe) - chew to pieces ► bda-to-we (bdáttowe) - I, ta-to-we (ttáttowe) - you

► cf. da (da) - by mouth; ba-to-we (battówe) - break into pieces, cut up; bi-to-we (bittówe) - break, crumble into pieces; di-to-we (dittówe) - plow, pulverize the soil; we-di-to-we (wédittówe) - plow; ka-to-we (kattówe) - shatter, break in pieces; ka-to-we de-de (kattówe déde) - throw at and shatter; naⁿ-to-we (nąttówe) - step on or kick and break something; pa-to-we (páttowe) - cut into large pieces; po-to-we (póttowe) - punch or shoot to pieces; to-wa-de (ttowáde) - crumble of it’s own accord

► Dhegiha: tha-tu-be (thátube) - crush with the teeth, chew [Omaha]

 

pieces, chop to pieces

► ka-za-za-te (kazázatte) - chop to pieces, slivers ► a-za-za-te (ázazátte) - I, da-za-za-te (dázazátte) - you

► cf. ba-za-za-te (bazázatte) - cut, stab to shreds; bi-za-za-te (bizázatte) - split from pressure; da-za-za-te (dazázatte) - chew something to slivers; di-za-za-te (dizázatte) - pull to shreds; naⁿ-za-za-te (nązázatte) - kick to pieces, splinters; pa-za-za-te (pázazátte) - split, shred, cut to splinters; po-za-za-te (pózazátte) - punch, shoot apart/to pieces

► Dhegiha: ga-za-za-de (ga-zá-za-de) - to hackle, as corn-husks; to tear clothing in shreds or strips [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: za-za-de (zazade) - ragged [Omaha]; za-za-de (zá-za-de) - extending apart, similar to the sticks of a fan, projecting in fanlike rays, etc. [JOD-Omaha]; i-thi-za-za-de (ithi zazade) - jagged [Omaha]

► Dhegiha: ga-za-za-be (ga-çá-ça-be) - to whip with a switch or a quirt; to thrash [FL-Osage]; ga-za-za-be (gazázabe) - beat a stick into slivers [Kaw]; ba-za-za-be (bazázabe) - push apart into slivers [Kaw]; ba-za-za-be (bázazábe) - cut to slivers with a knife [Kaw]; ya-za-za-be (yazázabe) - chew into slivers, chew to pieces [Kaw]; yu-za-za-be (yuzázabe) - twist to pieces; to twist a stick into slivers [Kaw]

 

pieces, cut into large pieces

► pa-to-we (páttowe) - cut into large pieces ► pa-a-to-we (páattowe) - I, pa-da-to-we (pádattówe) - you

► cf. ba-to-we (battówe) - break into pieces, cut up; bi-to-we (bittówe) - break, crumble into pieces; da-to-we (dattówe) - chew to pieces; di-to-we (dittówe) - plow, pulverize the soil

we-di-to-we (wédittówe) - plow; ka-to-we (kattówe) - shatter, break in pieces; ka-to-we de-de (kattówe déde) - throw at and shatter; naⁿ-to-we (nąttówe) - step on or kick and break something; po-to-we (póttowe) - punch or shoot to pieces; to-wa-de (ttowáde) - crumble of it’s own accord

► Dhegiha: a-ba-tu-be (ábatube) - crush, to crush on something by punching, pounding, or ramming [Omaha/Ponca]; bi-tu-be (bitúbe) - crumble, to make something crumble by weight or pressure, as an old log or stump [Omaha/Ponca]; ga-tu-be (gátube) - crumble [Omaha]; tha-tu-be (thátube) - crush with the teeth, chew [Omaha]; ba-ʰto-be (bá-ṭo-be) - to slice, to cut up [FL-Osage]; ga-ʰto-be (ga-ṭo-be) - to shatter, to pulverize [FL-Osage]; ba-to-be (batóbe) - grind, pound fine [Kaw]; yu-to-we (yutówe), yu-to-be (yutóbe) - plow, break virgin ground, to grind, grind up [Kaw]; i-yu-to-we (íyutowe), i-yu-to-be (íyutobe) - tear something up [Kaw]

 

pieces, cut into small pieces with knife

► pa-shoⁿ-shoⁿ (pášǫšǫ) - cut into small pieces with knife ► pa-a-shoⁿ-shoⁿ (páašǫšǫ) - I, pa-da-shoⁿ-shoⁿ (pádašǫšǫ) - you

► cf. pa (pá) - by cutting with a knife; shoⁿ-shoⁿ (šǫ́šǫ) - round, spherical; di-shoⁿ-shoⁿ (dišǫ́šǫ) - mould spherical with hands

 

pieces, dice or cut into small pieces

► pa-shpa-shpa (pášpašpa) - dice, cut into small pieces ► pa-a-shpa-shpa (páašpášpa) - I, pa-da-shpa-shpa (pádašpášpa) - you

► cf. pa-shpe (pašpé) - cut out a piece with a knife, to cut it out with a knife (that portion) [JOD]

di-shpe (dišpé) - pull off something adhering; di-shpa-shpa (dišpášpa) - tear into pieces; i-di-shpe (ídišpe) - break off, break out; ka-shpe (kašpé) - cut off, knock off a piece; i-ka-shpe (íkašpe) - break from weight; o-shpe (ošpé) - fragment

► Dhegiha: ma-shpa-shpa (máshpashpa) - to cut off many large pieces with a knife or saw [Omaha/Ponca]; ba-shpa-shpa (bá-shpa-shpa) - to cut an apple or a potato into many pieces with a knife [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: ma-shpe (máshpe) - to cut off a large piece with a knife or handsaw [Omaha/Ponca]; ba-shpe (bá-shpe) - to cut a piece of fruit or vegetable with a knife [FL-Osage]; pa-shpe (paašpé), pa-shpu (paašpú) - cut corn, fresh corn cut off the cob [CQ-Osage]; ba-shpe (báshpe) - cut off a piece of something with a knife or saw [Kaw]; ba-shpe (bashpé) - push off a piece of something; push a piece off of the edge of an object by holding the end of a stick or something similar firmly against it [Kaw]

 

pieces, kick or tread to pieces

► naⁿ-ste-ste (nąstéste) - kick or tread to pieces ► a-naⁿ-ste-ste (aną́steste) - I, da-naⁿ-ste-ste (daną́steste) - you

► cf. naⁿ (ną) - by action of the foot; naⁿ-ste (nąsté) - kick a gash in something; ba-ste-ste (bastéste) - cut to shreds, stab repeatedly; ba-ste (basté) - cut into, gash; bi-ste-ste (bistéste) - split repeatedly, shred; bi-ste (bisté) - split, gash; da-ste-ste (dásteste) - chew into slivers, v. split; da-ste (dasté) - split with teeth; di-ste-ste (distéste) - pull into shreds, slivers; di-ste (disté) - split, pull off string; ka-ste-ste (kastéste) - cut or beat to shreds/slivers; ka-ste-ste-ye (kastésteye) - to have cut to shreds; ka-ste (kasté) - gash, split something; pa-ste-ste (pásteste) - cut to slivers, split often; pa-ste (páste) - gash, cut with a knife blade; po-ste-ste (pósteste) - shoot or punch to slivers; po-ste (póste) - graze shooting and gash

► Dhegiha: ba-stse-stse-ge (bá-stse-stse-ge) - to gash the skin with a knife [FL-Osage]; ga-stse-stse-ge (ga-stsé-stse-ge) - to gash the skin repeatedly [FL-Osage]; thi-stse-stse-ge (thi-stsé-stse-ge) - to tear into shreds [FL-Osage]; bu-sce-sce-ge (buscéscege) - wear clothing to shreds [Kaw]; ga-stse-stse-ge (gascéscege) - gash the skin or split wood repeatedly [Kaw]; yu-sce-sce-ge (yuscéscege) - cut into strips, pull to shreds [Kaw]

 

pieces, kick to pieces or splinters

► naⁿ-za-za-te (nązázatte) - kick to pieces, splinters ► a-naⁿ-za-za-te (aną́zazátte) - I, da-naⁿ-za-za-te (daną́zazátte) - you

► cf. naⁿ (naⁿ) - by action of the foot; ba-za-za-te (bazázatte) - cut, stab to shreds; bi-za-za-te (bizázatte) - split from pressure; da-za-za-te (dazázatte) - chew something to slivers; di-za-za-te (dizázatte) - pull to shreds; ka-za-za-te (kazázatte) - chop to pieces, slivers; pa-za-za-te (pázazátte) - split, shred, cut to splinters; po-za-za-te (pózazátte) - punch, shoot apart/to pieces

 

pieces, punch or shoot to pieces

► po-to-we (póttowe) - punch or shoot to pieces ► po-a-to-we (póattówe) - I, po-da-to-we (pódattówe) - you

► cf. ba-to-we (battówe) - break into pieces, cut up; bi-to-we (bittówe) - break, crumble into pieces; da-to-we (dattówe) - chew to pieces; di-to-we (dittówe) - plow, pulverize the soil

we-di-to-we (wédittówe) - plow; ka-to-we (kattówe) - shatter, break in pieces; ka-to-we de-de (kattówe déde) - throw at and shatter; pa-to-we (páttowe) - cut into large pieces; naⁿ-to-we (nąttówe) - step on or kick and break something; to-wa-de (ttowáde) - crumble of it’s own accord

► Dhegiha: a-ba-tu-be (ábatube) - crush, to crush on something by punching, pounding, or ramming [Omaha/Ponca]; bi-tu-be (bitúbe) - crumble, to make something crumble by weight or pressure, as an old log or stump [Omaha/Ponca]; ga-tu-be (gátube) - crumble [Omaha]; tha-tu-be (thátube) - crush with the teeth, chew [Omaha]; ba-ʰto-be (bá-ṭo-be) - to slice, to cut up [FL-Osage]; ga-ʰto-be (ga-ṭo-be) - to shatter, to pulverize [FL-Osage]; ba-to-be (batóbe) - grind, pound fine [Kaw]; yu-to-we (yutówe), yu-to-be (yutóbe) - plow, break virgin ground, to grind, grind up [Kaw]; i-yu-to-we (íyutowe), i-yu-to-be (íyutobe) - tear something up [Kaw]

 

► po-za-za-te (pózazátte) - punch, shoot apart/to pieces ► po-a-za-za-te (póazazátte) - I, po-da-za-za-te (pódazazátte) - you

► cf. ba-za-za-te (bazázatte) - cut, stab to shreds; bi-za-za-te (bizázatte) - split from pressure; da-za-za-te (dazázatte) - chew something to slivers; di-za-za-te (dizázatte) - pull to shreds; ka-za-za-te (kazázatte) - chop to pieces, slivers; naⁿ-za-za-te (nązázatte) - kick to pieces, splinters; pa-za-za-te (pázazátte) - split, shred, cut to splinters

► Dhegiha: za-za-de (zazade) - ragged [Omaha]; za-za-de (zá-za-de) - extending apart, similar to the sticks of a fan, projecting in fanlike rays, etc. [JOD-Omaha]; i-thi-za-za-de (ithi zazade) - jagged [Omaha]; ga-za-za-de (ga-zá-za-de) - to hackle, as corn-husks; to tear clothing in shreds or strips [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: ga-za-za-be (ga-çá-ça-be) - to whip with a switch or a quirt; to thrash [FL-Osage]; ga-za-za-be (gazázabe) - beat a stick into slivers [Kaw]; ba-za-za-be (bazázabe) - push apart into slivers [Kaw]; ba-za-za-be (bázazábe) - cut to slivers with a knife [Kaw]; ya-za-za-be (yazázabe) - chew into slivers, chew to pieces [Kaw]; yu-za-za-be (yuzázabe) - twist to pieces; to twist a stick into slivers [Kaw]

 

pieces, shatter or break in pieces

► ka-to-we (kattówe) - shatter, break in pieces ► a-to-we (áttowe) - I, da-to-we (dáttowe) - you

► cf. ka (ka) - by striking, by action of the wind or water; ka-to-we de-de (kattówe déde) - throw at and shatter; ba-to-we (battówe) - break into pieces, cut up; bi-to-we (bittówe) - break, crumble into pieces; da-to-we (dattówe) - chew to pieces; di-to-we (dittówe) - plow, pulverize the soil; we-di-to-we (wédittówe) - plow; naⁿ-to-we (nąttówe) - step on or kick and break something; pa-to-we (páttowe) - cut into large pieces; po-to-we (póttowe) - punch or shoot to pieces; to-wa-de (ttowáde) - crumble of it’s own accord

► Dhegiha: ga-tu-be (gátube) - crush [Omaha]; ga-ʰto-be (ga-ṭo-be) - to shatter, to pulverize [FL-Osage]

 

pieces, shivered to pieces

► xnaⁿ-zha-de (xnąžáde) - shivered to pieces

► cf. di-xnaⁿ-zhe (dixną́že) - crack something, as an egg

► Dhegiha: xthoⁿ-zhe (xthóⁿ-zhe) - to crush with the hands [FL-Osage]; xloⁿ-zhe (xlóⁿzhe) - be crushed into small pieces, broken, to fall apart; where something is

rotten and you touch it and it just falls to pieces [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: thi-xthoⁿ-zhe (thi-xthóⁿ-zhe) - to smash or to squash, as to smash ripe fruit, to pulverize [FL-Osage]; thi-loⁿ-zhe (ðilǫ́že) - chop, grind, grind up [CQ-Osage]; yu-xloⁿ-zhe (yuxlóⁿzhe) - grind up, mash up, to reduce to small pieces or meal by turning around, as with a millstone, mash something up with your hands [Kaw]

 

pieces, small pieces of black bear meat roasted on sticks or spits

► wa-sa i-ba-xdo-xdo (wasá íbaxdoxdó) - small pieces of black bear meat roasted on sticks or spits [JOD]

► cf. wa-sa (wasá) - black bear; ba-xdo (baxdó), ba-xto (baxtó) - pierce, stab, perforate; i-ba-xdo (íbaxdo) - stuck in him [JOD]; wa-naⁿ-bde i-ba-xto (waną́bde íbaxto) - fork, a table fork, lit. “something to stick food with”; naⁿ-ta ba-xto (nąttá baxtó) - perforations for earrings; pa ba-xto (ppá baxtó) - nose perforation for ring; ke-naⁿ-ba-xdo (keną́baxdó), ki-ne-ba-xdo (kinébaxdó) - cactus plant; ho we-ba-xto (ho wébaxto) - fish spear; ma-ze we-ba-xto (máze wébaxto) - spear, war spear

► ex: wa-sa i-ba-xto-xto we-kdi o-do-bi-tʰaⁿ (wasá íbaxtoxtó wékdi odóbitʰaⁿ) - small pieces of black bear meat roasted on sticks with the fat around it [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ba-xthu (baxthu) - pierce [Omaha]; ba-xthu (ba-q¢ú) - to punch a hole, to pierce, to punch through [JOD-Omaha]; ba-xtho-ge (ba-xthó-ge) - to pierce, perforate, punch, make a hole in a piece of leather [FL-Osage]; ba-xlo-ge (baxlóge) - pierce, impale, hold with a fork [Kaw]

 

pieces, tear into pieces

► di-shpa-shpa (dišpášpa) - tear into pieces ► bdi-shpa-shpa (bdíšpašpa) - I, ti-shpa-shpa (ttíšpašpa) - you

► cf. di-shpe (dišpé) - pull off something adhering; i-di-shpe (ídišpe) - break off, break out; ka-shpe (kašpé) - cut off, knock off a piece; i-ka-shpe (íkašpe) - break from weight; o-shpe (ošpé) - fragment; pa-shpe (pašpé) - cut out a piece with a knife, to cut it out with a knife (that portion) [JOD]; pa-shpa-shpa (pášpašpa) - dice, cut into small pieces

► ex: zho-i-ka bdo-ka di-shpa-shpa taⁿ aⁿ-da-we, i-ya (žoíka bdóka dišpášpa attą ądáwe, iyá) - tearing his entire body to pieces and scattering the pieces all around, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: e-ti hi naⁿ di-shpa-shpa ke (étti hi ną dišpášpa ke) - when she arrived there, the torn pieces were scattered about [JOD]

► Dhegiha: thi-shpa-shpa-i (thishpáshpai) - pieces pulled apart, scattered in english translation [JOD-Omaha]; thi-shpa-shpa (thi-shpá-shpa) - torn to pieces, to tear to pieces; torn [FL-Osage]; u-thi-shpa-shpa (uthíshpashpá) - to break or crumble into pieces with the hands, as crackers into soup [Omaha/Ponca]; shpa-shpa (shpashpa) - fragment [Omaha]; u-shpa-shpa (ushpáshpa) - piece, remnant [Omaha/Ponca]; ga-shpa-shpa (ga-shpá-shpa) - hack to pieces, to injure badly [FL-Osage]; ga-shpa-shpa (gashpáshpa) - chip off many pieces [Kaw]

 

pieces, tear to pieces or disembowel

► di-btha-btha-ze (dibdábdaze) - tear to pieces, disembowel ► bdi-bda-bda-ze (bdíbdabdáze) - I, ti-bda-bda-ze (ttíbdabdáze) - you

► cf. di-bda (dibdá) - pull apart, separate; di-bda-ze (dibdáze) - tear, rip, rupture; ka-bda-ze (kabdáze), ka-bda-se (kabdáse) - burst; naⁿ-bda-ze (nąbdaze) - tear, rip one’s shoes; ki-naⁿ-bda-ze (kínąbdaze) - tear, rip with the foot

► Dhegiha: thi-btha-ze (¢ib¢áze) - torn open [JOD-Omaha]; thi-btha-ze (thi-bthá-çe) - to tear skin, cloth, or paper by pulling [FL-Osage]; yu-bla-ze (yubláze) - tear, as clothing, by pulling; rip open, break open by hauling [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: btha-btha-ze (btha-bthá-çe) - ragged; tattered, as clothes; shabby [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: btha-ze (btháze) - split, ripped [Omaha/Ponca]; btha-ze (b¢á-zĕ) - ripped open, torn open [JOD-Omaha]; bra-ze (bráze) - torn [CQ-Osage]; bla-ze (bláze) - torn, be torn [Kaw]

 

pieces, to put down one’s own collection/pieces for another

► ki-ki-zhi (kikiží) - to put down one’s own collection/pieces for someone [JOD]

► cf. o-ki-zhi (ókiži) - fill one’s own; o-ki-zhi (ókiži) - fill something for someone; o-zhi (oží) - put collection into something, plant, fill; o-zhi (oží) - filled [JOD]; o-zhi (óži) - bowl, dish

► ex: ki-a-ki-zhi (kiákiží) - I put down my pieces for him [JOD]

► ex: ki-ki-zhi (kikiží) - she put down her own collection/pieces before him [JOD]

► ex: ni-ka e-ta ta-xe-ki-de kʰe ki-ki-zhi (níkka ettá táxekidé kʰe kikiží) - her man (husband), which she had barbecued, she put down her own collection/pieces before him (the man eater) [JOD]

► Dhegiha: u-gi-zhi (ugízhi) - to put into one’s own [Omaha/Ponca]; o-gi-zhu (ogízhu), o-gu-zhu (ogúzhu) - put one’s own into, as into a bag [Kaw]

 

pierce

► ba-xdo (baxdó), ba-xto (baxtó) - pierce, stab, perforate ► pa-xdo (ppáxdo) - I, shpa-xdo (špáxdo) - you

► ex: naⁿ-ta ba-xto (nąttá baxtó) - perforations for earrings

► ex: pa ba-xto (ppá baxtó) - nose perforation for ring

► ex: i-ba-xdo (íbaxdo) - stuck in him [JOD]

► ex: wa-naⁿ-bde i-ba-xto (waną́bde íbaxto), wa-naⁿ-bdi-ba-xto (waną́bdibaxto) - fork, a table fork, lit. “something to stick food with”

► ex: i-ki-pa-xdo (íkkippaxdó) - stick or prick oneself

► ex: ke-naⁿ-ba-xdo (keną́baxdó), ki-ne-ba-xdo (kinébaxdó) - cactus plant

► ex: ho we-ba-xto (ho wébaxto) - fish spear

► ex: ma-ze we-ba-xto (máze wébaxto) - spear, war spear

► ex: wa-sa i-ba-xdo-xdo (wasá íbaxdoxdó) - small pieces of black bear meat roasted on sticks or spits [JOD]

► ex: o-po-xdo (opóxdo), o-po-kto (opókto) - shoot through something

► Dhegiha: ba-xthu (baxthu) - pierce [Omaha]; ba-xthu (ba-q¢ú) - to punch a hole, to pierce, to punch through [JOD-Omaha]; ba-xtho-ge (ba-xthó-ge) - to pierce, perforate, punch, make a hole in a piece of leather [FL-Osage]; ba-xlo-ge (baxlóge) - pierce, impale, hold with a fork [Kaw]

 

pig, hog

► siⁿ-te shta (sįtté šta) - pig [MS, AB]

► siⁿ-te shta (sin-teschtah) - pig, hog (cochon) [GI]

► siⁿ-te shta (sįtté šta) - hog

► cf. siⁿ-te (sį́tte) - tail; shta (šta) - smooth, bald, bare; siⁿ-te shta xo-te (sįtté šta xótte) - opossum

► Dhegiha: siⁿ-e-sta (çíⁿ-e-sta) - opossum, the opossum is used by the Osage for food [FL-Osage]; siⁿ-shta (sį́štaa) - possum, lit., “smooth squirrel” [CQ-Osage]; siⁿ-je shta (síⁿje shta) - opossum, lit. “smooth tail; hairless tail” [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: siⁿ-de (síⁿde) - tail, tail of an animal [Omaha/Ponca]; siⁿ-de (çiⁿde) - tail [Omaha]; siⁿ-dse (çíⁿ-dse), siⁿ-e (çíⁿ-e) - tail [FL-Osage]; siⁿ-tse (sį́įce) - tail, animal’s tail, part of Osage dance costume; tail dancer at Osage War Dances; last part of a song [CQ-Osage]; siⁿ-je (síⁿje) - tail [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: zhna (zhna) - bald, bare, smooth, hairless [Omaha/Ponca]; shna (c͓na) - bald, bare, smooth, as skin, the hair on a robe or the top of the head [JOD-Omaha]; shta (shta) - hairless, destitute of hair [FL-Osage]; shta (štá), shta-ha (štáha) - shiny and smooth as a lake surface, slick, bald, hairless, cleared [CQ-Osage]; shta (shta) - smooth, hairless, bald [Kaw]

 

pigeon

► di-ta wa-ta-kde (dittá wattákde) - pigeon

► di-ta wa-ta-kde (dittah-uantagheteh) - pigeon (pigeon) [GI]

► cf. di-ta (dítta) - dove; wa-ta-kde (watákde) - domesticated animal or bird; di-ta pa-ta-ho (dittá ppattáho) - dove, turtle dove

► Dhegiha: thi-tʰa (thítʰa) - pigeon, dove [Omaha/Ponca]; thi-ta (thíta) - pigeon, dove [Omaha]; thi-ta (¢í-ta) - generic; birds of the dove and pigeon genus [JOD-Omaha]; thi-ʰta (thi-ṭa) - pigeon [FL-Osage]; yu-ta (yúta) - pigeon, dove [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: wa-na-gthe (wanágthe) - pet, domesticated, tame [Omaha/Ponca]; wa-na-gthe (wa-ná-g¢e) - a domesticated animal; any animal which can be tamed, including birds, reptiles, and fishes [JOD-Omaha]; wa-na-gthe (wanagthe) - pet, livestock [Omaha]; wa-da-gthe (wa-dá-gthe) - a domesticated animal [FL-Osage]

 

piglet

► siⁿ-te shta zhiⁿ-ka (sįtté šta žika) - piglet

► siⁿ-te shta zhiⁿ-ka (sin-teschtah-jinkeh) - piglet, suckling pig (cochon de lait) [GI]

► cf. siⁿ-te (sį́tte) - tail; shta (šta) - smooth, bald, bare; siⁿ-te shta (sįtté šta) - hog, pig; zhiⁿ-ka (žika) - small, little, young; siⁿ-te shta xo-te (sįtté šta xótte) - opossum

► Dhegiha: siⁿ-e-sta (çíⁿ-e-sta) - opossum, the opossum is used by the Osage for food [FL-Osage]; siⁿ-shta (sį́štaa) - possum, lit., “smooth squirrel” [CQ-Osage]; siⁿ-je shta (síⁿje shta) - opossum, lit. “smooth tail; hairless tail” [Kaw]

 

pile outside

► a-shi-ti i-tʰe-de (ášitti itʰéde) - to pile outside

► cf. a-shi-ti (ášitti) - outside, outdoors; i-tʰe-de (itʰéde) - stand something up;

► ex: k’iⁿ kʰi-taⁿ a-shi-ti i-tʰe-de naⁿ, i-ya (kʔį́ kʰíttą ášitti itʰéde ną, iyá) - when he reached home carrying (the meat) on his back, he piled it outside (the lodge), it is said

► Dhegiha: a-shi-a-di (aciádi ite¢ĕ) - to place a std.in.obj. or coll. of small objects outside (elsewhere) [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: a-shi-a-di (áshiádi)  - outside, elsewhere; outside of that place, elsewhere, not here [Omaha/Ponca]; a-shi-a-di (áciádi) - outside (of that place), refers to another place, elsewhere, not here [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: a-shi (áshi) - out, outside of the house [Omaha/Ponca]; a-shi (áshi) - out [JOD-Omaha]; a-shi (áci) - outside [JOD-Omaha]; a-shi (áši) - outside, outdoors [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: i-te-the (i-té-¢ĕ) - to put or place, make stand: usually applied to objects standing on end, as barrels; to put many small thinhs in one pile or heap; i-tse-the (i-tsé-the) - to place with someone for safe keeping; to place away [FL-Osage]; i-che-ye (ichéye) - put down a standing/inanimate object or pile of objects [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ʰki-i-tse-the (ḳí-i-tse-the) - to put down something erect; to put down a thing that can stand, as a filled bag, a pole, or a gun [FL-Osage]; ʰki-tsʰe-the (ʰkícʰeðe) - put down, set down, or place a standing item on a surface (e.g., a bowl or soup or basket of rolls) [CQ-Osage]; ki-tsʰe-the (kícʰeðe) - keep, set aside, put away, save as a memento or treasure [CQ-Osage]

 

pile up many flat objects one on another, such as books

► a-ki-ze-ze i-tʰe-de (ákkizéze itʰéde) - pile up many flat objects one on another, such as books

► cf. i-tʰe-de (itʰéde) - stand something up, singular/standing/inanimate

► Dhegiha: e-ga-ze-ze (égazéze) - in a row [JOD-Omaha]; a-ta-ze-ze (átazéze) - fill out, fill up, raise level [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: i-te-the (i-té-¢ĕ) - to put or place, make stand: usually applied to objects standing on end, as barrels; to put many small things in one pile or heap [JOD-Omaha]; i-che-ye (ichéye) - put down a standing/inanimate object or pile of objects [Kaw]

 

pile up, make a heap

► a-ki-sto-de i-tʰe-de (ákkistóde itʰéde) - pile up, make a heap

► cf. sto-de (stóde) - collect, heap, pile, gather; i-tʰe-de (itʰéde) - stand something up; sto-de i-tʰe-de (stodé itʰéde) - collect small objects in a group; ki-sto (kistó) - assemble, gather; ki-sto taⁿ-ka (kistó ttą́ka) - tribal council; ki-sto kniⁿ (kistó knį) - to sit in council; ma-hiⁿ sto-de (mahį́ stóde) - haystack; pe-zhe xda-he sto-de (ppežé xdáhe stóde) - wheat stack; sto-de hi (stodé hi) - collected in a heap, grouped; sto-de hi naⁿ-zhiⁿ (stodé hi nąžį́) - stand in a group; sto-de knaⁿ-knaⁿ (stodé knąkną) - place plural objects in scattered heaps; sto-de-zhi (stodéži) - collect small objects in a heap; sto-de-wa-zhi (stodéwaži) - place pl/an objects in one place

► Dhegiha: sto-the shu (çto-thé shu) - gathered them together [FL-Osage]; thi-stu-the (thi-çtú-the) - gathered in folds [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: ni-ka stu-wa-the (níkastuwathe) - The Gatherer, personal name [JOD-Omaha]; ni-ʰka stu-e (ní-ḳa-çtu-e) - gathering of men, personal name [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: ʰki-sto (ḳi-çtó), ʰki-stu (ḳi-çtú) - a council, an assemblage, a meeting, United States Congress, the Senate, a court, a season [FL-Osage]; ʰki-sto (ʰkiistó) - council meeting, tribal council season meeting, conference [CQ-Osage]; ki-sto (kisto) - council [Kaw]; gi-sto (gistó) - assemble, as people do, gather [Kaw]; ki-sto (kisto) - council [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: i-te-the (i-té-¢ĕ) - to put or place, make stand: usually applied to objects standing on end, as barrels; to put many small things in one pile or heap [JOD-Omaha]; i-che-ye (ichéye) - put down a standing/inanimate object or pile of objects [Kaw]

 

pile, heap, gather, collect

► sto-de (stóde) - collect, heap, pile, gather ► sto-a-de (stóade) - I, sto-da-de (stódade) - you

► cf. ma-hiⁿ sto-de (mahį́ stóde) - haystack; pe-zhe xda-he sto-de (ppežé xdáhe stóde) - wheat stack; sto-de hi (stodé hi) - collected in a heap, grouped; sto-de hi naⁿ-zhiⁿ (stodé hi nąžį́) - stand in a group; sto-de knaⁿ-knaⁿ (stodé knąkną) - place plural objects in scattered heaps; sto-de-zhi (stodéži) - collect small objects in a heap; sto-de-wa-zhi (stodéwaži) - place pl/an objects in one place; sto-de i-tʰe-de (stodé itʰéde) - collect small objects in a group; a-ki-sto-de i-tʰe-de (ákkistóde itʰéde) - pile up, make a heap; ki-sto (kistó) - assemble, gather; ki-sto taⁿ-ka (kistó ttą́ka) - tribal council; ki-sto kniⁿ (kistó knį) - to sit in council

► Dhegiha: sto-the shu (çto-thé shu) - gathered them together [FL-Osage]; thi-stu-the (thi-çtú-the) - gathered in folds [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: ni-ka stu-wa-the (níkastuwathe) - The Gatherer, personal name [JOD-Omaha]; ni-ʰka stu-e (ní-ḳa-çtu-e) - gathering of men, personal name [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: ʰki-sto (ḳi-çtó), ʰki-stu (ḳi-çtú) - a council, an assemblage, a meeting, United States Congress, the Senate, a court, a season [FL-Osage]; ʰki-sto (ʰkiistó) - council meeting, tribal council season meeting, conference [CQ-Osage]; ki-sto (kisto) - council [Kaw]; gi-sto (gistó) - assemble, as people do; gather [Kaw]; gu-sto (gustó) - assemble, meet together [Kaw]

 

pile, put horizontal (lying) things in a pile

► a-ki-k’oⁿ-he i-tʰe-de (ákkikʔǫ́he itʰéde) - put horizontal (lying) things in a pile; here the first verb denotes the horizontality of the objects and the second the perpendicularity of the pile

► cf. a-k’oⁿ-he (ákʔǫhe), a-k’aⁿ-he (ákʔąhe) - put a horizontal inanimate object on a surface; i-tʰe-de (itʰéde) - stand something up, sg/st/in; k’aⁿ-he (kʔą́he) - lay something down, to lay out; o-k’oⁿ-he (okʔǫ́he) - put a long object in something

► Dhegiha: a-ku-k’o-he (ákuk’ohe) - lay one’s own object on a surface for one’s own benefit [Kaw]; a-gu-k’o-he (águk’ohe) - lay one’s own horizontal object on a surface; lay something on surface for someone [Kaw]; a-k’oⁿ-he (ák’oⁿhe), a-k’o-he (ák’ohe) - lay something on top of something else [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: zhe-’oⁿ-he (zhé’oⁿhe) - roast, to place a long object, such as an ear of corn, in front of the fire to roast [Omaha/Ponca]; k’oⁿ-he (kʔǫ́he) - lay into [CQ-Osage]; k’o-he (k’óhe) - lay down an inanimate object [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: u-ʰk’oⁿ-he (ú-ḳ’óⁿ-he) - to place in a scabbard, to sheathe [FL-Osage]; o-k’oⁿ-he (ok’óⁿhe), o-k’o-he (ok’óhe) - put a lying inanimate object into something, as when putting a fork or spoon into a drawer [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: o-ʰki-k’oⁿ-he (oʰkíkʔǫhe) - interrupt, lit., “insert oneself into” [CQ-Osage]

 

piling up the pieces in that manner

► koi-shoⁿ-zhi (koišǫ́ži) - piling up the pieces in that manner [JOD]

► cf. koi-shoⁿ (kóišǫ́) - so or of that sort; so or in that case [JOD]; a-zhi (áži) - put onto; o-zhi (oží) - put into

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ e-ti ta-zho ta-bi-ze ka-xe koi-shoⁿ-zhi i-ti-kde-kaⁿ ni-kʰa (kóišǫ́ttą ettí ttažó tábize káγe koišǫ́ži ítikdéką nikʰá) - then-there-venison-dried by heat-made-piling up the pieces in that manner-like a hose-they were (pl. classifier) [JOD]

 

pill

► ma-kaⁿ shoⁿ-shoⁿ (makką́ šǫ́šǫ) - pill, lit. “globular medicine”

► ma-kaⁿ shoⁿ-shoⁿ (makką́ šǫ́šǫ) - pills (medicine) [OM]

► cf. ma-kaⁿ (makką́) - medicine; ma (ma), maⁿ (mą) - relating to the earth or ground; koⁿ (kkǫ), kaⁿ (kką) - root of a plant; shoⁿ-shoⁿ (šǫ́šǫ) - round, spherical

► Dhegiha: ma-kʰoⁿ (makʰóⁿ) - medicine [Omaha/Ponca]; moⁿ-koⁿ (moⁿkoⁿ) - medicine, peyote [Omaha]; moⁿ-kaⁿ (ma-káⁿ) - medicine [JOD-Omaha]; moⁿ-ʰkoⁿ (moⁿ-ḳóⁿ) - drugs, any kind of medicine except poison [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-ʰka (mąʰka), maⁿ-ʰkaⁿ (mąʰką́) - peyote, aspirin, or any other kind of medicine [CQ-Osage]; mo-kaⁿ (mokáⁿ), ma-kaⁿ (makáⁿ) - medicine [Kaw]

 

pillow

► i-pa-hiⁿ (ípahį) - pillow

► i-pe-hiⁿ (ípehį), i-pa-hi (ípahi) - pillow [MS]

► i-pa-hi (ípahi) - pillow [OM]

► ex: wi-ta i-pe-hiⁿ (wítta ípehį) - my pillow [MS]

► ex: wi-ta zhi i-pe-hiⁿ (wítta ži ípehį) - not my pillow [MS]

► Dhegiha: i-be-hiⁿ (íbehiⁿ) - pillow [Omaha/Ponca]; iⁿ-be-hiⁿ (iⁿbe hiⁿ) - pillows [Omaha]; i-be-hiⁿ (í-be-hiⁿ) - a pillow [JOD-Omaha]; iⁿ-be-hiⁿ (íⁿ-be-hiⁿ) - pillow; a pillow [FL-Osage]; iⁿ-pe-hi (į́pehi) - pillow; under the haed [CQ-Osage]; u-be hiⁿ (úbe híⁿ) - pillow [Kaw]

 

pin, breastpins

► i-ka-she-knaⁿ (íkašekną́) - breastpins of German silver [JOD]

► cf. i-ka-she-knaⁿ (íkašékną) - a button, to button; i-ka-she-knaⁿ (i kus a ga nŭ) - brooch, from Mrs. Clabber [MH]

► ex: i-ka-she-knaⁿ o-ki-pa-taⁿ-taⁿ (íkašekną́ okípatą́tą) - breastpins/buttons one after another/several in a row [JOD]

 

pin, small pin

► wa-hi-ka zhi-ka ta-sha-knaⁿ (wahíkka žíka tášakną́) - small pin [JOD]

► cf. wa-hi-ka (wahíkka) - awl (made of metal); wa-hi-ka zhi-ka (wahíkka žíka) - needle

► ex: wa-hi-ka zhi-ka ta-sha-knaⁿ o-do-hi ka-xe (wahíkka žíka tášakną́ odóhi káxe) - he made her into a small pin [JOD]

► Dhegiha: wa-hiu-ʰka (wa-hiú-ḳa) - an awl [FL-Osage]; wa-hi-ʰka (wahúʰka) - fork [CQ-Osage]; wa-hu-ka (wahúka) - awl of any sort
[Kaw]

 

pin, to stick a pin through

► a-ba-xda-te (ábaxdátte) - to stick a pin through

► cf. a-ki-da-xda-te (ákkidaxdátte) - through; a-ki-da-xda-te de (ákkidaxdátte dé) - to go through

► ex: a-ba-xda-te (ábaxdátte) - he stuck it into (the hair) [JOD]

► ex: i-ka-pʰe a-ba-xda-te (íkapʰe ábaxdátte) - comb that is worn in the hair [JOD]

► ex: ni-ski-ta a-ba-xda-te i-tʰe-de (niškítta ábaxdátte itʰéde) - he stuck it (the pin) into his hair (upright on the back of his head) [JOD]

► Dhegiha: na-zhi-ha we-ba-xtha-de (nazhíha wébaqtháde) - hairpin [Omaha/Ponca]; na-zhi-ha we-ba-xtha-de (na-jí-ha wé-ba-q¢a-de) - a hair pin [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: we-a-ba-xtha-de (weábaqtháde) - hairpin [Omaha/Ponca]; we-a-ba-xtha-de (we-á-ba-q¢á-de) - hairpins [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: a-ki-tha-xtha-de (akíthaxthade) - through [Omaha]

 

pinch

► di-zi-we (dizíwe) - pinch ► bdi-zi-we (bdíziwe) - I, ti-zi-we (ttíziwe) - you

► ex: i-zhe-a-xe di-zi-we-naⁿ-we (ížeąxé dizíwe-ną́-we) - anus/they were pinching it [JOD]

 

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