plentiful, crowded, thick, dense
►
a-ki-sho-ka (ákkišóka) - crowded, thick, dense,
plentiful
►
cf. sho-ka (šoká) - thick; di-sho-ka (dišoká)
- roughen, to callous
►
ex: wa-jhi-ni a-ki-sho-ka ma-zhaⁿ-ti o-kniⁿ wi-ke (waǰíni
ákkišoka mažą́tti oknį́ wiké) - the Americans are very
plentiful
►
Dhegiha: a-ki-shu-ga (aki shuga) - dense [Omaha];
a-kʰi-sh’u-ga (ákʰish’úga) - thick, dense,
crowded, plentiful, as leaves on the ground or houses close
together [Omaha/Ponca]; a-kʰi-sho-ga (á-ḳi-sho-ga)
- dense, density, dense crowd, a dense forest [FL-Osage]
►
Dhegiha: shu-ga (shugá) - coarse, thick
[Omaha/Ponca]; shu-ga (shuga) - thick [Omaha];
shu-ga (cu-gá) - coarse; thick: applied
to solids [JOD-Omaha]; sho-ga (sho-gá) - thick, as
applied to goods, skin, or any material [FL-Osage]; sho-ka
(šooká) - thick [CQ-Osage]; sho-ga (shogá)
- thick, hard [Kaw]; sho-ga (shóga) - thick;
dense, as a forest [Kaw]
plentiful, plenty, a lot
►
o-she (óše) - plentiful, plenty, a lot
►
cf. o-she-xti (óšexti) - full; wa-she (wašé)
- rich, be rich; ka-wa-she (kawáše) - make in
abundance
►
ex: ma-ze-ska o-she a-niⁿ niⁿ (mazéska óše anį́ nį)
- rich people (they have a lot of money) [MS]
►
Dhegiha: u-she (ú-she) - plenty, plentiful
[FL-Osage]; o-she (óše) - exist plentifully, lots,
abundance, plenty, profusion of something [CQ-Osage]
pliers, hold or grasp something for holding as pliers
►
i-di-za-za (ídizáza) - hold, grasp something for
holding
►
i-bdi-za-za (íbdizáza) - I, i-ti-za-za
(íttizáza) - you
►
cf. i-kdi-za-za (íkdizáza) - stick to one here and
there; i-di-ze (ídize) - pull up, uproot;
di-ze (dizé) - get, take, receive; wa-di-ze di-ze
(wadíze dizé) - to get goods on credit; zhoⁿ di-ze
(žǫ́ díze) - to get wood; kdi-ze (kdíze) -
take one’s own
►
Dhegiha: thi-ze (¢izé) - take, took, receive,
seize [JOD-Omaha]; thu-ze (thu-çé) - to take, to
receive or accept [FL-Osage]; thu-ze (ðuuzé) -
select, choose, take, get, draw water, gather or pick fruit
[CQ-Osage]; yu-ze (yuzé) - get, take, accept [Kaw]
plow, a plow
►
we-di-to-we (wédittówe) - plow
►
cf. di-to-we (dittówe) - to plow, to pulverize the
soil; ba-to-we (battówe) - break into pieces, cut
up; bi-to-we (bittówe) - break, crumble into
pieces; da-to-we (dattówe) - chew to pieces;
ka-to-we (kattówe) - shatter, break in pieces;
naⁿ-to-we (nąttówe) - step on or kick and break
something; pa-to-we (páttowe) - cut into large
pieces; po-to-we (póttowe) - punch or shoot to
pieces; to-wa-de (ttowáde) - crumble of it’s own
accord
►
Dhegiha: toⁿ-de thi-tu-be (toⁿde thitube) - plow
[Omaha]; thi-tu-be (thi tube) - grind, pinch
[Omaha]; thi-tu-ba-ga (¢iʇúba-gă) - plow it!
[JOD-Omaha]; gi-sa-ka yu-to-be (gisáka yutóbe) -
plow, break virgin ground [Kaw];
maⁿ-yiⁿ-ka i-yi-to-we (maⁿyíⁿka
íyitowe), maⁿ-yiⁿ-ka yi-to-we (maⁿyíⁿka yitówe)
- plow, lit. “it breaks the
soil” [Kaw]; yu-to-be (yutóbe), yu-to-we (yutówe)
- plow, break virgin ground; to grind, grind up [Kaw]
plow, pulverize the soil
►
di-to-we (dittówe) - to plow, to pulverize the
soil
►
bdi-to-we (bdíttowe) - I, ti-to-we
(ttíttowe) - you
►
cf. we-di-to-we (wédittówe) - plow; ba-to-we
(battówe) - break into pieces, cut up; bi-to-we
(bittówe) - break, crumble into pieces; da-to-we
(dattówe) - chew to pieces; ka-to-we (kattówe)
- shatter, break in pieces; naⁿ-to-we (nąttówe) -
step on or kick and break something; pa-to-we (páttowe)
- cut into large pieces; po-to-we (póttowe) -
punch or shoot to pieces; to-wa-de (ttowáde) -
crumble of it’s own accord
►
Dhegiha: thi-tu-be (thi tube) - grind, pinch
[Omaha]; thi-tu-ba-ga (¢iʇúba-gă) - plow it!
[JOD-Omaha]; toⁿ-de thi-tu-be (toⁿde thitube) -
plow [Omaha]; yu-to-be (yutóbe), yu-to-we (yutówe)
- plow, break virgin ground; to grind, grind up [Kaw];
gi-sa-ka yu-to-be (gisáka yutóbe) - plow, break virgin
ground [Kaw]; maⁿ-yiⁿ-ka
i-yi-to-we (maⁿyíⁿka íyitowe), maⁿ-yiⁿ-ka yi-to-we (maⁿyíⁿka
yitówe) - plow,
lit. “it breaks the soil” [Kaw]
plow, till
►
we (we) - plow, till [JOD]
►
ex: wa-we (wáwe) - they tilled the ground [JOD]
►
Dhegiha: we (we) - to plow [FL-Osage]; we
(we) - plow, to plow [Kaw]
plowing, soften ground by plowing
►
di-poⁿ-te (dipǫ́tte) - soften ground by plowing
►
bdi-poⁿ-te (bdípǫtte) - I, ti-poⁿ-te
(ttípǫtte) - you
pluck clean
►
di-wa-si-taⁿ-hi (diwásittąhí) - pluck clean, e.g.
of feathers
►
bdi-wa-si-taⁿ-hi (bdíwasittąhi) - I,
ti-wa-si-taⁿ-hi (ttíwasittąhi) - you
►
cf. di (di) - by hand, pulling, cause or make to;
wa-si-taⁿ-hi (wasíttąhi) - neat
►
Dhegiha: wa-si-hi (wa-çí-hi) - neat, tidy, clean
in character, without reproach, free from blame [FL-Osage];
wa-su-hu (wasúhu) - clean, clear, cleanly, clearly
[CQ-Osage]; wa-su-hu (wasúhu) - be clean, neat,
tidy, above reproach [Kaw]
pluck or pull out
►
o-ka-shte (okášte) - pull out, pluck grass, hair
►
o-a-ka-shte (oákašte) - I, o-da-ka-shte
(odákašte) - you
plum
►
kaⁿ-te ke (kką́tte ke) - the (scattered) plums
►
cf. kaⁿ-te (kką́tte) - apple; ke (ke)
- the plural/standing/animate or plural/standing/inanimate
►
Dhegiha: koⁿ-de (kóⁿde) - a plum, plums
[Omaha/Ponca]; koⁿ-de (koⁿde) - plum [Omaha];
kaⁿ-de (k͓áⁿ-de) - a plum; plums [JOD-Omaha];
ʰko-dse
(ḳóⁿ-dse)
- plums, any kind of fruit, as plums, peaches, apples, applied
to fruit in general [FL-Osage];
ʰkaⁿ-tse (ʰką́ące)
- apple; fruit [CQ-Osage];
kaⁿ-je (káⁿje)
- plum; fruit [Kaw]
►
kaⁿ-te shta (kkątté šta) - plum
►
cf. kaⁿ-te shta (konteh-schtah) - pear (poire)
[GI]; kaⁿ-te (kką́tte) - apple; shta (šta)
- smooth, bald, bare
►
Dhegiha: koⁿ-de (kóⁿde) - a plum, plums
[Omaha/Ponca]; koⁿ-de (koⁿde) - plum [Omaha];
kaⁿ-de (k͓áⁿ-de) - a plum; plums [JOD-Omaha];
ʰko-dse
(ḳóⁿ-dse)
- plums, any kind of fruit, as plums, peaches, apples, applied
to fruit in general [FL-Osage];
ʰkaⁿ-tse (ʰką́ące)
- apple; fruit [CQ-Osage];
kaⁿ-je (káⁿje)
- plum; fruit [Kaw]
►
Dhegiha: zhna (zhna) - bald, bare, smooth,
hairless [Omaha/Ponca]; shna (c͓na) - bald, bare,
smooth, as the skin, the har on a robe or the top of the head
[JOD-Omaha]; shna (shna) - bald [Omaha];
shta (shta) - hairless, destitute of hair [FL-Osage];
shta (štá), shta-ha (štáha) - shiny and
smooth as a lake surface, slick, bald, hairless, cleared
[CQ-Osage]; shta (shta) - smooth, hairless, bald
[Kaw]
►
kaⁿ-te shta si (kkąttéštá si) - plum pit
►
cf. kaⁿ-te shta (kkątté šta) - plum; kaⁿ-te
shta (konteh-schtah) - pear (poire) [GI]; kaⁿ-te
(kką́tte) - apple; shta (šta) - smooth,
bald, bare; si (si) - seed, pit, grain, kernel
►
Dhegiha: koⁿ-de (kóⁿde) - a plum, plums
[Omaha/Ponca]; koⁿ-de (koⁿde) - plum [Omaha];
kaⁿ-de (k͓áⁿ-de) - a plum; plums [JOD-Omaha];
ʰko-dse
(ḳóⁿ-dse)
- plums, any kind of fruit, as plums, peaches, apples, applied
to fruit in general [FL-Osage];
ʰkaⁿ-tse (ʰką́ące)
- apple; fruit [CQ-Osage];
kaⁿ-je (káⁿje)
- plum; fruit [Kaw]
►
Dhegiha: zhna (zhna) - bald, bare, smooth,
hairless [Omaha/Ponca]; shna (c͓na) - bald, bare,
smooth, as the skin, the har on a robe or the top of the head
[JOD-Omaha]; shna (shna) - bald [Omaha];
shta (shta) - hairless, destitute of hair [FL-Osage];
shta (štá), shta-ha (štáha) - shiny and
smooth as a lake surface, slick, bald, hairless, cleared
[CQ-Osage]; shta (shta) - smooth, hairless, bald
[Kaw]
►
Dhegiha: si (si) - seed [Omaha/Ponca]; si
(çi) - pit [Omaha]; si (si) - seed, in
general; a seed [JOD-Omaha]; si (çi), su
(çu) - seed [FL-Osage]; su (súu) - seed,
pit, kernel [CQ-Osage]
►
kaⁿ-te zhi-ka (kkątté žíka) - plum
►
cf. kaⁿ-te zhi-ka (kkątte žíka) - cherry;
kaⁿ-te (kką́tte) - apple; zhi-ka (žíka) -
small, little
►
Dhegiha: koⁿ-de (kóⁿde) - a plum, plums
[Omaha/Ponca]; koⁿ-de (koⁿde) - plum [Omaha];
kaⁿ-de (k͓áⁿ-de) - a plum; plums [JOD-Omaha];
ʰko-dse
(ḳóⁿ-dse)
- plums, any kind of fruit, as plums, peaches, apples, applied
to fruit in general [FL-Osage];
ʰkaⁿ-tse (ʰką́ące)
- apple; fruit [CQ-Osage];
kaⁿ-je (káⁿje)
- plum; fruit [Kaw]
►
Dhegiha: zhiⁿ-ga (zhíⁿga) - small, little, child,
young, cub [Omaha/Ponca]; zhiⁿ-ga (zhiⁿga) -
small, little [Omaha]; zhiⁿ-ga (zhiⁿ-gá) - small,
little, young, little children [FL-Osage]; zhiⁿ (žį),
zhiⁿ-ka (žįká) - a little, small amount of something,
small, little, be little, small, children, little ones, kids
[CQ-Osage]; zhiⁿ-ga (zhíⁿga) - be small; small,
the young of an animal, a child [Kaw]
►
kaⁿ-te waⁿ-paⁿ-shta (konteh uonponschtah) - plum,
prune (prune) [GI]
►
cf. kaⁿ-te (kką́tte) - apple
►
Dhegiha: koⁿ-de (kóⁿde) - a plum, plums
[Omaha/Ponca]; koⁿ-de (koⁿde) - plum [Omaha];
kaⁿ-de (k͓áⁿ-de) - a plum; plums [JOD-Omaha];
ʰko-dse
(ḳóⁿ-dse)
- plums, any kind of fruit, as plums, peaches, apples, applied
to fruit in general [FL-Osage];
ʰkaⁿ-tse (ʰką́ące)
- apple; fruit [CQ-Osage];
kaⁿ-je (káⁿje)
- plum; fruit [Kaw]
plume
►
ma-shaⁿ (mâⁿ câⁿ) - plume, tied in hair, same
ceremony [peyote], represents “Lightning-man”, from George Red
Eagle [MH]
►
ma-shaⁿ (mâⁿcaⁿ) - eagle plume used to brush away
evil in mescal ceremony, from Francis Good Eagle [MH]
►
ma-shaⁿ (mášą), ma-shoⁿ (mášǫ) - feather, wing or
quill feather
►
ma-shoⁿ (mosch-schon) - feather (plume) [GI]
►
cf. wa-zhiⁿ-ka ma-shaⁿ (wažį́ka mášą) - bird’s
wings
►
ex: ma-shoⁿ a-a-kde (mášǫ áakde) - I stick a
feather upright (in my hair)
►
Dhegiha: ma-shoⁿ (máshoⁿ) - quill feather
[Omaha/Ponca]; moⁿ-shoⁿ (moⁿshoⁿ) - feather,
hackle feather [Omaha]; moⁿ-shoⁿ (móⁿ-shoⁿ) -
feather, plume, plumage [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-shaⁿ (mą́šą),
maⁿ-shoⁿ (mą́šǫ), moⁿ-shoⁿ (mǫ́šǫ) - feathers of certain
kinds of birds, such as eagle, hawk, and macaw, fan made of
feathers as used in peyote meeting [CQ-Osage]; mo-shoⁿ
(móshoⁿ), mo-sho (mósho) - feather, quill
feather [Kaw]
ply, hustle, jerk around
►
di-kdaⁿ-ni-ke (dikdą́nike) - ply, hustle, jerk
around
►
bdi-daⁿ-ni-ke (bdídąnike) - I, ti-daⁿ-ni-ke
(ttídąnike) - you
pocket knife, pen knife
►
ma-hiⁿ zhi-ka (máhį žíka) - pocket knife, pen
knife
►
cf. ma-hiⁿ (máhį) - knife; zhi-ka (žíka)
- small, little
►
Dhegiha: moⁿ-hiⁿ zhiⁿ-ga (moⁿhiⁿ zhiⁿga) - pocket
knife [Omaha]; moⁿ-hiⁿ zhiⁿ-ga (móⁿ-hiⁿ zhiⁿ-ga) -
little knife, pen knife [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-hiⁿ zhiⁿ-ga
(máⁿhiⁿ zhiⁿga) - pocket knife [Kaw]
pocket, pouch, sack, bag
►
o-zhi-ha (óžiha) - sack, bag, pocket, pouch
►
o-zhi-ha (óžiha) - sack, bag, pocket [MS]
►
cf. o-zhi (oží) - put collection into something,
plant, fill; ha (ha) - skin, bark, hide, shell
►
ex: wa-zhiⁿ-ka o-zhi-ha (wažį́ka ožíha) - bird’s
nest
►
ex: te-zhe-ni o-zhi-ha (téženi óžiha) - bladder
►
ex: shi o-zhi-ha (šíožíha) - uterus
►
ex: ta shi o-zhi-ha (ttašíožíha) - doe’s womb
►
ex: ta-ni o-zhi-ha (táni óžiha) - tobacco pouch
[JOD]
►
ex: wa-ba-tʰe o-zhi-ha (wabátʰé óžiha) - sewing
bag [JOD]
►
ex: to-wa o-zhi-ha zhi-ka o-wa-ki-zhi (tówa óžiha žíka
ówakiží) - he put the four of them (his own) into the
little bag [JOD]
►
ex: ki-ha naⁿ o-zhi-ha o-k’oⁿ-he (kihá ną óžiha ókʔǫhe)
- when he finished, he put it (the long object) in the bag [JOD]
►
ex: o-zhi-ha zhi-ka, e-ti o-wa-zhi naⁿ (óžiha žiká, étti
ówaži ną) - he put them in there, in the little bag
[JOD]
►
ex: o-zhi-ha ki-pi ka-xe (óžiha kíppi káγe) - he
filled the bag [JOD]
►
ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ miⁿ di-ze naⁿ ta-i-ta o-naⁿ a-taⁿ
di-ba-xe naⁿ o-zhi-ha o-knaⁿ kaⁿ-niⁿ-kʰe (kóišǫ́ttą mį dizé ną
ttáitta oną attą dibáxe ną óžiha okną ką́-nįkʰé) - then
he grabbed one, held it by the neck and broke it, then put it in
a bag [JOD]
►
ex: wa-x’o zhi-ka niⁿ-kʰe wa-ba-tʰe o-zhi-ha niⁿ-kʰe
kdi-ze naⁿ ma-shtiⁿ-ke o-ki-te de, i-ya (waxʔóžiká nįkʰe wabátʰe
óžiha nįkʰe kdíze ną maštį́ke okítte dé, iyá) - the old
woman took her sewing bag and went to look for rabbit, it is
said (they say) [JOD)]
►
ex: ki-ba-hi a-taⁿ wa-ba-tʰe o-zhi-ha niⁿ-kʰe o-ki-zhi
maⁿ-niⁿ niⁿ, i-ya (kibáhi-attą́ wabátʰe óžiha nįkʰé okíži mą́nį
nį́, iyá) - she walked around picking up the pieces,
filling her sewing bag, they say [JOD]
►
ex: wa-x’o zhi-ka niⁿ wa-ba-tʰe o-zhi-ha niⁿ-kʰe ki-k’iⁿ
kde, i-ya (waxʔóžiká nį wabátʰe óžiha nįkʰe kikʔį́ kdé, iyá)
- the old woman carried her sewing bag upon her back and went
homeward, it is said (they say) [JOD]
►
ex: o-zhi-ha niⁿ-kʰe ba-po a-kdaⁿ niⁿ (óžiha nįkʰé bapó
akdą́ nį) - she emptied the bag/placed the cv. ob./the
moving one [JOD]
►
ex: kʰi taⁿ o-zhi-ha niⁿ-kʰe ba-po a-kdaⁿ niⁿ naⁿ
ma-shtiⁿ-ke ki-ti-ta, i-ya (kʰi tą óžiha nįkʰe bapó ákdą nį ną
maštį́ke kitittá, iyá) - when she reached
there, she emptied the bag, and, lo!, the rabbit came to life
again, it is said (they say) [JOD]
►
Dhegiha: u-zhi-ha (úzhiha) - bag, sack
[Omaha/Ponca]; u-zhi-ha (úzhi ha) - bag, gunny
sack, burlap bag [Omaha]; u-zhi-ha (újiha) - bag,
pouch, sack [JOD-Omaha]; u-zhu-ha (ú-zhu-ha),
o-zho-ha (ó-zho-ha) - a sack or bag [FL-Osage];
o-zhu-ha (óožuhaa) - bag, sack, pouch made of hide or
leather, literally, skin into which to put stuff [CQ-Osage];
o-zhu-ha (ozhuha)
- pouch [Kaw]
point at
►
a-ba-zo (ábazo) - point at
►
a-pa-zo (áppazo) - I, a-shpa-zo (ášpazo)
- you, oⁿ-ka-ba-zo-we (ǫkábazowe) - we
►
cf. we-da-ba-zo (wédabázo) - point with; index or
forefinger, “pointer”; forefinger; i-ha we-da-ba-zo (íha
wédabázo) - point with the lips
►
ex: maⁿ-shi a-ba-zo (mą́ši ábazo) - to point
up/above [JOD]
►
ex: maⁿ-shi niⁿ-kʰe taⁿ-ha we-da-ba-zo maⁿ-shi a-ba-zo
(mą́ši nįkʰé tą́ha wédabázo mąši ábazo) - because she
was sitting above, the index/forefinger pointed up [JOD]
►
ex: aⁿ-ba-zo (ą́bazo) - it pointed to/at me [JOD]
►
ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ maⁿ-shi miⁿ-kʰe taⁿ aⁿ-ba-zo (kóišǫ́ttą
mą́ši mįkʰé tą ą́bazo) - then as I was sitting above, it
pointed at me [JOD]
►
ex: maⁿ-shi miⁿ-kʰe taⁿ-ha aⁿ-ba-zo (mą́ši mįkʰe tą́ha
ą́bazo) - because I was sitting above, it pointed at me
[JOD]
►
Dhegiha: a-pa-zu (ábazu) - point, to point at with
the finger [Omaha/Ponca]; a-ba-zu (abazu) - point
[Omaha]; a-ba-zu (á-ba-çu) - to indicate, to
point; to select [FL-Osage]; a-pa-zo (ápazo) -
point at, point to; select by pointing to [CQ-Osage];
a-ba-zo (ábazo) - point at with the finger [Kaw]
►
Dhegiha: noⁿ-be hi we-a-ba-zu (noⁿbe hi weabaçu) -
index finger [Omaha]; sha-ge we-a-ba-zu (shá-ge
we-a-ba-çu) - the index finger, the first finger used to
point with [FL-Osage]; sha-ke o-pa-zo (šáake opázo)
- index finger, lit., “hand pointer” [CQ-Osage]; sha-ge
we-ba-zo (sháge wébazo) - index finger, forefinger, lit.
“pointing finger” [Kaw]
►
Dhegiha: we-a-ba-zu (wé-a-ba-çu) - a pointer; the
index or first finger [FL-Osage]; wa-a-pa-zo (wéapazo)
- index finger, pointing finger, lit., “with which to point at
things” [CQ-Osage]; we-ba-zo (webázo) - pointer,
pointing finger [Kaw]
►
Dhegiha: i-tha-ba-zu (i-thá-ba-çu) - to point with
the finger [FL-Osage]; i-ya-ba-zo (iyábazo) -
point at something with [Kaw]
point of land
►
a-ni pa-si-kde (áni ppasíkde) - hill with sharp
peak
►
pa-si-kde (ppasíkde) - hill with pointed peak or
top
►
pa-si-kde (pásikdé) - point of land [JOD]
►
cf. a-ni (áni) - hill; pa-si (ppasí)
- tip of something, beak or bill; pa-si-kde (ppasíkde)
- hill with pointed peak or top; pa-si-kde (ppásikdé)
- point of land [JOD]; pa pa-si (ppáppasí) - tip
of the nose; pa-si o-do-ka-hi (ppasí odokáhi) -
spoonbill, paddlefish, fish with a hide like that of a catfish,
no scales, found in Neosho River; ma-ze pa-si (mazé ppasí)
- nipples; wa-zhiⁿ-ka pa-si (wažį́ka ppási) -
bird’s beak, bill; ho pa-si ste-te (ho ppási stétte)
- garfish
►
Dhegiha: a-thiⁿ ʰpa-si (á-thiⁿ p̣a-çi) - summit,
top of a hill, the summit of a hill, hill top [FL-Osage];
a-yiⁿ pa-su (áyiⁿ pasú) - headland [Kaw]
►
Dhegiha: a-thiⁿ (áthiⁿ) - hillside, ridge [Omaha];
a-thiⁿ (á¢iⁿ) - ridge [JOD-Omaha]; a-thiⁿ
(á-thiⁿ) - a ridge or divide [FL-Osage]; a-yiⁿ
(áyiⁿ) - ridge, divide [Kaw]
►
Dhegiha: pa-si (pasí) - tip, tree-top, tongue-tip,
etc. [Omaha/Ponca]; pa-si (paçi) - tip;
ʰpa-si (p̣a-çí) - a peak, point, top of a tree, the top
of a poll [FL-Osage];
ʰpa-su
(p̣á-çu)
- tip of nose [FL-Osage];
ʰpa-su (ʰpasú)
- tip or point of an object [CQ-Osage];
pa-su (pasú) - tip, point of an object “like the
point of a pencil”, corner of a room, etc. [Kaw]
►
Dhegiha: ʰpa-siu-gthiⁿ (p̣a-çiú-gthiⁿ) -
dwellers-upon-the-hill-top, when the river (Mississippi)
overflowed its banks, a group of Osage Indians fled from their
village and sought the high hills and there established a camp,
they were known by the name of ʰpa-siu-gthiⁿ
(p̣a-çiú-gthiⁿ) and settled in Grayhorse [FL-Osage];
ʰpa-su o-liⁿ (ʰpasú olį́į), ʰpa-si-o-liⁿ
(ʰpasiólįį), ʰpa-su-liⁿ (ʰpasúlį),
ʰpa-so-liⁿ (ʰpasólįį) - living on the end, dwelling on
the cliffs, Fairfax or Grayhorse group of Osages, lit., “living
on the end”, referring to the west end of the allotment
[CQ-Osage]
point with the lips
►
i-ha we-da-ba-zo (íha wédabázo) - point with the
lips
►
i-ha we-bda-ba-zo (íha wébdabazo) - I, i-ha
we-ta-ba-zo (íha wéttabazo) - you
►
cf. i-ha (íha) - mouth; we-da-ba-zo
(wédabázo) - pointer, index or forefinger; a-ba-zo
(ábazo) - point at
►
Dhegiha: i-ha i-tha-ba-zu (í-ha i-tha-ba-çu) - to
point at with the lips [FL-Osage]; i-ha i-ya-ba-zo (íha
iyábazo) - point at something with the lips [Kaw]
►
Dhegiha: a-ba-zu (ábazu) - point, to point at with
the finger [Omaha/Ponca]; a-ba-zu (abazu) - point
[Omaha]; a-ba-zu (á-ba-çu) - to indicate, to point
at; to select [FL-Osage]; a-pa-zo (ápazo) - point
at, point to, select by pointing to [CQ-Osage]; a-ba-zo
(ábazo) - point at with the finger [Kaw]
►
Dhegiha: we-a-ba-zu (wé-a-ba-çu) - a pointer, the
index or first finger [FL-Osage]; we-a-pa-zo (wéapazo)
- index finger, pointing finger, lit., “with which to point at
things” [CQ-Osage]; we-ba-zo (webázo) - pointer,
pointing finger [Kaw]
►
i a-da-zo-ka (í ádazokka), a-da-zo-ka
(ádazokka) - point with the lips; close the lips and
stick out the mouth
►
i a-bda-zo-ka (í ábdazokka) - I, i
a-ta-zo-ka (í áttazokka) - you, i
oⁿ-ka-da-zo-ka-we (í ǫ́kadazókkawe) - we
►
cf. i (í) - mouth, lips; a-ba-zo (ábazo)
- point at; da (da) - by mouth
►
Dhegiha: i (i) - mouth of a person or animal
[Omaha/Ponca]; i (i) - mouth [Omaha]; i (i)
- mouth [FL-Osage]; i (i) - mouth [Kaw]
point, back to starting point
►
xa-da (xáda) - back to starting point, back
►
xa-da (xáda) - back again [JOD]
►
ex: xa-da de (xáda dé) - he went back again [JOD]
►
ex: xa-da tʰi-kda (xáda tʰikdá) - back again-pass
thou [JOD]
►
ex: shaⁿ-iⁿ-te, t’e paⁿ-ze, e-shaⁿ kde xa-da (šą́įtte, tʔé
ppą́ze, éšą kdé xáda) - well, I pretended to be dead,
then he went back again [JOD]
►
Dhegiha: xa-tha (xátha) - back, returning, back
again to the starting point [Omaha/Ponca]; xa-tha (qá-¢a)
- back to starting point; back again to the starting point
[JOD-Omaha]; xa-tha (xá-tha) - backward
[FL-Osage]; xa-tha (xáða) - back, backward, in
reverse, retrograde [CQ-Osage]; xa-ya (xáya) -
back to the starting point [Kaw]
point, burn to a point
►
ta-zi-ka (tázikka) - burn to a point
►
ta-zi-ka-de (tázikkade) - burn to a point
►
ta-zi-ka-a-de (tázikkaáde) - I,
ta-zi-ka-da-de (tázikkadáde) - you
►
cf. ta (tá) - by extreme temperature;
o-zi-ka (ozíkka) - wider at one end than other;
ba-zi-ka (bazíkka) - sharpen; bi-zi-ka (bizíkka)
- sharpen by rubbing, hone; da-zi-ka (dazíkka) -
chew to a point, sharpen; di-zi-ka (dizíkka) -
sharpen; ki-di-zi-ka (kídizíkka) - sharpen
something for someone; ka-zi-ka (kazíkka) -
sharpen, as with an axe, whittle; kdi-zi-ka (kdizíkka)
- sharpen pulling toward oneself; pa-zi-ka (pázikka)
- whittle to a point
point, chew to a point or sharpen
►
da-zi-ka (dazíkka) - chew to a point, sharpen
►
bda-zi-ka (bdázikka) - I, ta-zi-ka
(ttázikka) - you
►
cf. da (da) - by mouth; o-zi-ka (ozíkka)
- wider at one end than other; ba-zi-ka (bazíkka)
- sharpen; bi-zi-ka (bizíkka) - sharpen by
rubbing, hone; di-zi-ka (dizíkka) - sharpen;
ki-di-zi-ka (kídizíkka) - sharpen something for
someone; ka-zi-ka (kazíkka) - sharpen, as with an
axe, whittle; kdi-zi-ka (kdizíkka) - sharpen
pulling toward oneself; pa-zi-ka (pázikka) -
whittle to a point; ta-zi-ka (tázikka) - burn to a
point
point, on this side of a certain point
►
to-wa (tówa) - on this side of a certain point
►
ex: to-wa-da-tʰe (tówadatʰé) - those dual/standing
or collection/inanimate objects on this side
►
ex: to-wa-ke (tówaké) - those
plural/standing/animate objects on this side
►
ex: to-wa-kʰe (tówakʰe) - that
singular/lying/inanimate object on this side
►
ex: to-wa-ni-kʰa (tówanikʰá) - those plural
sitting or lying objects on this side
►
ex: to-wa-niⁿ (tówanį) - that
singular/moving/animate object on this side or the nearer of two
objects
►
ex: to-wa-niⁿ-kʰe (tówanįkʰé) - that
singular/sitting object on this side
►
ex: to-wa-pa (tówapa) - those
plural/moving/animate objects on this side
►
ex: to-wa-tʰe (tówatʰe) - that singular/standing
or collection/inanimate object on this side
►
Dhegiha: to-wa (tówa) - that, those (of one or
more persons or things that are more remote than
someone/something else or whose exact description in unknown or
of little importance to the speech event) [CQ-Osage]
point, whittle to a point
►
pa-zi-ka (pázikka) - whittle to a point
►
pa-a-zi-ka (páazíkka) - I, pa-da-zi-ka
(pádazíkka) - you, pa-oⁿ-zi-ka-we (páǫzikkawe)
- we
►
cf. pa (pá) - by cutting with a knife;
o-zi-ka (ozíkka) - wider at one end than other;
ba-zi-ka (bazíkka) - sharpen; bi-zi-ka (bizíkka)
- sharpen by rubbing, hone; da-zi-ka (dazíkka) -
chew to a point, sharpen; di-zi-ka (dizíkka) -
sharpen; ki-di-zi-ka (kídizíkka) - sharpen
something for someone; ka-zi-ka (kazíkka) -
sharpen, as with an axe, whittle; kdi-zi-ka (kdizíkka)
- sharpen pulling toward oneself; ta-zi-ka (tázikka)
- burn to a point
pointed, hill with pointed or sharp peak
►
a-ni pa-si-kde (áni ppasíkde) - hill with sharp
peak
►
pa-si-kde (ppasíkde) - hill with pointed peak or
top
►
pa-si-kde (pásikdé) - point of land [JOD]
►
cf. a-ni (áni) - hill; pa-si (ppasí)
- tip of something, beak or bill; pa-si-kde (ppasíkde)
- hill with pointed peak or top; pa-si-kde (ppásikdé)
- point of land [JOD]; pa pa-si (ppáppasí) - tip
of the nose; pa-si o-do-ka-hi (ppasí odokáhi) -
spoonbill, paddlefish, fish with a hide like that of a catfish,
no scales, found in Neosho River; ma-ze pa-si (mazé ppasí)
- nipples; wa-zhiⁿ-ka pa-si (wažį́ka ppási) -
bird’s beak, bill; ho pa-si ste-te (ho ppási stétte)
- garfish
►
Dhegiha: a-thiⁿ ʰpa-si (á-thiⁿ p̣a-çi) - summit,
top of a hill, the summit of a hill, hill top [FL-Osage];
a-yiⁿ pa-su (áyiⁿ pasú) - headland [Kaw]
►
Dhegiha: a-thiⁿ (áthiⁿ) - hillside, ridge [Omaha];
a-thiⁿ (á¢iⁿ) - ridge [JOD-Omaha]; a-thiⁿ
(á-thiⁿ) - a ridge or divide [FL-Osage]; a-yiⁿ
(áyiⁿ) - ridge, divide [Kaw]
►
Dhegiha: pa-si (pasí) - tip, tree-top, tongue-tip,
etc. [Omaha/Ponca]; pa-si (paçi) - tip;
ʰpa-si (p̣a-çí) - a peak, point, top of a tree, the top
of a poll [FL-Osage];
ʰpa-su
(p̣á-çu)
- tip of nose [FL-Osage];
ʰpa-su (ʰpasú)
- tip or point of an object [CQ-Osage];
pa-su (pasú) - tip, point of an object “like the
point of a pencil”, corner of a room, etc. [Kaw]
►
Dhegiha: ʰpa-siu-gthiⁿ (p̣a-çiú-gthiⁿ) -
dwellers-upon-the-hill-top, when the river (Mississippi)
overflowed its banks, a group of Osage Indians fled from their
village and sought the high hills and there established a camp,
they were known by the name of ʰpa-siu-gthiⁿ
(p̣a-çiú-gthiⁿ) and settled in Grayhorse [FL-Osage];
ʰpa-su o-liⁿ (ʰpasú olį́į), ʰpa-si-o-liⁿ
(ʰpasiólįį), ʰpa-su-liⁿ (ʰpasúlį),
ʰpa-so-liⁿ (ʰpasólįį) - living on the end, dwelling on
the cliffs, Fairfax or Grayhorse group of Osages, lit., “living
on the end”, referring to the west end of the allotment
[CQ-Osage]
pointed, pick up with pointed object
►
ba-ha-ta (bahattá) - pick up with pointed object
►
pa-ha-ta (ppáhatta) - I, shpa-ha-ta
(špáhatta) - you
►
cf. ba-ha-ta de-de (bahátta déde) - brush aside;
bi-ha-ta de-de (bihátta déde) - lever, weight,
press on end; di-ha-ta (díhattá) - lift something;
di-ha-ta de-de (dihátta déde) - lift, pull up
suddenly; ka-ha-ta de-de (kahátta déde) - knock
aside, turn aside; naⁿ-ha-ta de-de (nąhátta déde)
- lift with the foot; po-ha-ta de-de (póhatta déde)
- poke something in order to lift it
pointer, point with, index or forefinger
►
we-da-ba-zo (wédabázo) - point with [MS]
►
we-da-ba-zo (wédabázo) - index or forefinger,
“pointer”
►
we-da-ba-zo (wédabázo) - forefinger [JOD]
►
cf. a-ba-zo (ábazo) - point at; i-ha
we-da-ba-zo (íha wédabázo) - point with the lips
►
ex: maⁿ-shi niⁿ-kʰe taⁿ-ha we-da-ba-zo maⁿ-shi a-ba-zo
(mą́ši nįkʰé tą́ha wédabázo mąši ábazo) - because she
was sitting above (them), the index finger pointed up [JOD]
►
ex: ka-ti-ti-ze ki-ha naⁿ we-da-ba-zo ki-k’oⁿ-he
(kattittíze kihá ną wédabázo kíkʔǫhe) - when he finished
clearing a spot, he placed the index finger down [JOD]
►
Dhegiha: i-tha-ba-zu (i-thá-ba-çu) - to point with
the finger [FL-Osage]; i-ya-ba-zo (iyábazo) -
point at something with [Kaw]
►
Dhegiha: we-a-ba-zu (wé-a-ba-çu) - a pointer; the
index or first finger [FL-Osage]; wa-a-pa-zo (wéapazo)
- index finger, pointing finger, lit., “with which to point at
things” [CQ-Osage]; we-ba-zo (webázo)
- pointer, pointing finger [Kaw]
►
Dhegiha: noⁿ-be hi we-a-ba-zu (noⁿbe hi weabaçu) -
index finger [Omaha]; sha-ge we-a-ba-zu (shá-ge
we-a-ba-çu) - the index finger, the first finger used to
point with [FL-Osage]; sha-ke o-pa-zo (šáake opázo)
- index finger, lit., “hand pointer” [CQ-Osage];
sha-ge we-ba-zo (sháge wébazo)
- index finger, forefinger,
lit. “pointing finger” [Kaw]
►
Dhegiha: a-pa-zu (ábazu) - point, to point at with
the finger [Omaha/Ponca]; a-ba-zu (abazu) - point
[Omaha]; a-ba-zu (á-ba-çu) - to indicate, to
point; to select [FL-Osage]; a-pa-zo (ápazo) -
point at, point to; select by pointing to [CQ-Osage];
a-ba-zo (ábazo) - point at with the finger [Kaw]
points, cardinal points
►
ta-ti o-hi-de (ttátti óhide) - cardinal points;
whence the four winds blow
►
cf. ta-ti-oⁿ-he (ttáttiǫ́he), ta-ti-aⁿ-he (ttáttią́he)
- wind, ta-te (ttatté) + oⁿ-he (ǫhe)
►
Dhegiha: ta-de u-i-the (t͓adé uí¢ĕ) - a quarter of
the heavens, the direction from which one of the (four) winds
blows [JOD-Omaha]
►
Dhegiha: ta-de u-i-the du-ba-ha (t͓adé uí¢ĕ dúbaha)
- the four quarters of the heavens, north, south, east, and west
[JOD-Omaha]; ta-de u-wi-the du-ba (tade uwithe duba)
- cardinal points [Omaha]; ʰta-dse do-ba ha (ṭa-dsé do-ba
ha) - division of the winds into four parts [FL-Osage]
►
Dhegiha: ta-de (t͓a-dé) - wind [JOD-Omaha];
ta-de (tadé) - air; wind [Omaha]; ʰta-dse (ṭa-dsé)
- the winds, the four quarters of the earth; air [FL-Osage];
ʰta-tse (ʰtaacé) - wind, air [CQ-Osage]; ta-je
(tajé) - wind [Kaw]
poke something in order to lift it
►
po-ha-ta de-de (póhatta déde) - poke something in
order to lift it
►
po-a-ha-ta de-a-de (póahatta déade) - I,
po-da-ha-ta de-da-de (pódahatta dédade) - you
►
cf. po (po) - by shooting, blowing, punching;
ba-ha-ta (bahattá) - pick up with pointed object;
ba-ha-ta de-de (bahátta déde) - brush aside;
bi-ha-ta de-de (bihátta déde) - lever, weight, press on
end; di-ha-ta (díhattá) - lift something;
di-ha-ta de-de (dihátta déde) - lift, pull up suddenly;
ka-ha-ta de-de (kahátta déde) - knock aside, turn
aside; naⁿ-ha-ta de-de (nąhátta déde) - lift with
the foot; de-de (déde) - sent away, causative of
go
poke, as a fire
►
ba-hi-te (bahítte) - poke, as a fire
►
pa-hi-te (ppáhitte) - I, shpa-hi-te
(špáhitte) - you
►
cf. pe-te e-ba-hi-te (ppétte ébahítte) - poker;
di-hi-te (dihítte) - meddle with things;
a-ki-hi-te (ákkihítte) - pay attention, attend, give
heed, to insist on
►
Dhegiha: we-thi-hi-de (wéthihíde) - of
thi-hi-de (thihide), tool, implement, instrument,
utensil [Omaha/Ponca]; thi-hi-de (thi hide) -
disturb [Omaha]; wa-thi-hi-dse (wa-thí-hi-dse) -
meddler, mischief maker [FL-Osage]; thi-hi-tse (ðiihíce)
- play with something, fiddle with something, fool, tease, be
mischievous or deceitful toward, play slyly or meanly with,
deceive, mistreat, persecute an animal or person [CQ-Osage];
i-ba-che (íbache) - poke a fire, stir up a fire,
stoke a fire [Kaw]
poker
►
pe-te e-ba-hi-te (ppétte ébahítte) - poker
►
cf. pe-te (ppétte) - fire; e (e) -
that, he, she, it, aforementioned; ba-hi-te (bahítte)
- poke, as a fire; di-hi-te (dihítte) - meddle
with things
►
Dhegiha: pe-de (péde) - fire, match [Omaha/Ponca];
pe-de (pede) - fire [Omaha]; pe-de (p͓é-de)
- fire, a fire [JOD-Omaha];
ʰpe-dse
(p̣é-dse)
- fire [FL-Osage];
ʰpe-tse (ʰpéece)
- fire, cooking fire, meeting fire, cooking stove gas fire
[CQ-Osage];
pe-je (péje)
- fire [Kaw]
►
Dhegiha: we-thi-hi-de (wéthihíde) - of
thi-hi-de (thihide), tool, implement, instrument,
utensil [Omaha/Ponca]; thi-hi-de (thi hide) -
disturb [Omaha]; wa-thi-hi-dse (wa-thí-hi-dse) -
meddler, mischief maker [FL-Osage]; thi-hi-tse (ðiihíce)
- play with something, fiddle with something, fool, tease, be
mischievous or deceitful toward, play slyly or meanly with,
deceive, mistreat, persecute an animal or person [CQ-Osage];
i-ba-che (íbache) - poke a fire, stir up a fire,
stoke a fire [Kaw]
poking, make sparks from a poking fire
►
di-xni-zhe (dixníže) - make sparks from poking
fire
►
bdi-xni-zhe (bdíxniže) - I, ti-xni-zhe
(ttíxniže) - you
►
ex: pe-te a-ki-ba-xniⁿ-xniⁿ-zhe (ppétte akíbaxnįxnį́že)
- I pushed at the fire often [JOD]
►
Dhegiha: xthiⁿ-zhe (qthíⁿzhe) - spark, sparkle,
sparkling, sending out sparks [Omaha/Ponca]; xthiⁿ-zhe
(q¢íⁿ-je) - sparkling, sending out sparks [JOD-Omaha];
xthiⁿ-zha (xthiⁿ-zhá) - sparks of a fire, sparks
that fly upward from the sticks or fire drills used for starting
a fire [FL-Osage]; liⁿ-zhe (lį́įže) - sparks that
fly from a fire [CQ-Osage]
poking, ruin by poking a hole in
►
ba-shi-ke (bašiké) - ruin by poking a hole in
►
pa-shi-ke (ppášike) - I, shpa-shi-ke
(špášike) - you
►
cf. ba (ba) - by pushing; shi-ke (šíke)
- bad, ugly; bi-shi-ke (bišíke) - ruin by
pressing, squash; da-shi-ke (dašíke) - speak badly
of or incorrectly; di-shi-ke (díšiké) - ruin by
tearing, do wrong; ka-shi-ke (kašíke) - spoil
something by striking it; naⁿ-shi-ke (nąšíke) -
spoil something by stepping on it; pa-shi-ke (pášike)
- ruin by cutting with a knife; po-shi-ke (póšike)
- spoil something by punching it; ta-shi-ke (tášíke)
- ruin something by burning it
►
Dhegiha: shi-ge (shíge) - bad, evil; injury [Kaw]
pole, tent pole
►
ti-shi (ttíši) - tent pole
►
cf. ti (tti) - house, tent, dwelling
►
ex: ti-shi tʰe (ttíši-tʰe) - the tent pole
►
Dhegiha: ti-shi (tíshi) - pole, tent pole
[Omaha/Ponca]; ti-shi (ti shi) - tipi poles
[Omaha]; ti-shi (t͓í-ci) - a tent pole, the poles
of one tent or lodge [JOD-Omaha]; ʰtsi-shi (ṭsi-shi)
- the poles that support the roof and sides of a house
[FL-Osage]; tsi-shu (císhu), tsu-shu (cúshu) -
tipi poles; tent poles, lodge poles [Kaw]
police
►
ni-kaⁿ-saⁿ (nikkąsą́) - police
►
ni-kaⁿ-saⁿ (nikkąsą́) - police [JOD]
►
ni-kaⁿ-saⁿ (nikkąsą́) - soldier [MS]
►
ex:
ni-kaⁿ-saⁿ kdaⁿ-ni-ke wa-x’o di-shi-shi-ke [wi]ʰpi-a-we
(nikkąsą́ kdąníke waxʔó dišíšike [wi]ʰpiáwe) - sometime
they treat a woman mean, that’s the way they, they do, they say,
they, all soldiers drunk then [MS]
►
ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ kaⁿ-iⁿ kda-i taⁿ, “hoⁿ-pe i-maⁿ-ta
ma-sa-ni ki-di-shto-ta-i ni-he,” i-we-ki niⁿ i-ya ni-kaⁿ-saⁿ
(kóišǫ́ttą ką́į kdá-i tą, “hǫpé imą́tta masáni kidíštotá-i
nihé,” iwéki nį́ iyá nikkąsą́) - then/just as they
started home/when/shoe/other one/on one side/pull ye it off from
her/he was saying it to them/it is said-police [JOD]
polish rubbing, shine
►
bi-te-ka (bitteka) - shine, polish rubbing
►
pi-te-ka (ppítteka) - I, shpi-te-ka
(špítteka) - you
►
cf. bi (bi) - by pressing, rubbing; te-ka
(ttéka) - new; di-te-ka (dittéka) -
repair, renew; mi-aⁿ-pa te-ka (mią́pa ttéka) - new
moon; o-ma-ni-ka te-ka (ománikka ttéka) - New
Year’s Day; kde-taⁿ mi te-ka (ktçe-t͓ŭⁿ́ mi té-k͓a),
(ktqetăⁿ́ mi ték͓a) - female name of the Kwapa
wa-zhiⁿ-ka (wajiñk͓a) or Bird gens; New Hawk Female
[JOD]
►
Dhegiha: bi-te-ga (bitega) - polish, shine, make
look new [Omaha]; bi-te-ga (bi-t͓é-ga) - to rub a
knife, gun, etc., polishing it till it seems new [JOD-Omaha];
bi-ʰtse-ga (bi-ṭsé-ga) - to make bright; to polish
[FL-Osage]
►
Dhegiha: te-ga (t͓ega) - new [Omaha/Ponca];
te-ga (tega) - new [Omaha]; ʰtse-ga (ṭsé-ga)
- new, recently, anew, early [FL-Osage]; ʰtse-ka (ʰcéka)
- new, newly, fresh, recent, recently, just now, just a while
ago [CQ-Osage]; tse-ga (céga) - new, first time,
anew, right now, just now [Kaw]
Ponca Tribe, Ponca Indians
►
poⁿ-ka (pǫ́ka) - Ponca Indians [MS]
►
poⁿ-ka (pōⁿ́-ka), (pañ́-kă) - Kwapa
name for the Ponka Indians [JOD]
►
Dhegiha: poⁿ-ka (póⁿka) - Ponca, a Ponca person
[Omaha/Ponca]; poⁿ-ka (poⁿca) - Ponca Tribe
[Omaha]; ʰpoⁿ-ʰka (p̣óⁿ-ḳa) - Ponca Tribe
[FL-Osage]; ʰpoⁿ-ʰka (ʰpǫ́ʰka) - Ponca Tribe or
tribal member [CQ-Osage]; paⁿ-ka (páⁿka) - Ponca
tribe or people [Kaw]
poor people
►
ni-ka-shi-ka wa-xpa-ni (níkkašíka waxpání) - poor
people [MS]
►
cf. ni-ka-shi-ka (níkkašíka) - person, people, a
man, human being, clan, gen;
wa-xpa-ni (waxpáni) -
poor, pitiful
►
Dhegiha: ni-ka-shiⁿ-ga wa-xpa-ni (níkaciⁿga waqpáni),
ni-a-shiⁿ-ga wa-xpa-ni (níaciⁿga waqpáni) - man/poor, a
poor person [JOD-Omaha]; ni-ʰka-shi-ga a-ba wa-xpa-thiⁿ bi
a-tha (ní-ḳa-shi-ga a-ba wa-xpa-thiⁿ bi a-tha) - the
people are poverty stricken [FL-Osage]; ni-ʰka-shi-ka a-pa
wa-xpa-thiⁿ-pe (níʰkašika apa waxpáðįpe) - the people
are povery stricken [CQ-Osage]
►
Dhegiha: ni-ka-shiⁿ-ga (níkashíⁿga), (níkʰashíⁿga)
- people, person [Omaha/Ponca]; ni-ka-shiⁿ-ga
(nikashiⁿga) - person, people, human, citizen, man
[Omaha]; ni-ka-shiⁿ-ga (ní-ka-cíⁿ-ga) - a person;
human beings, people [JOD-Osage]; ni-ʰka-shi-ga
(ní-ḳa-shi-ga) - a people, people, man, person, persons
[FL-Osage]; ni-ʰka-shi-ka (níʰkašika) - the
people, a people, live, exist [CQ-Osage]; ni-ka-shiⁿ-ga
(níkashiⁿga) - person, people, men, clan [Kaw]
►
Dhegiha:
wa-xpa-ni
(waqpáni), wa-xpa-thiⁿ (waqpáthiⁿ) -
poor, to be poor [Omaha/Ponca];
wa-xpa-thiⁿ (waxpathiⁿ) -
poverty, poor [Omaha];
wa-xpa-ni (wa-qpá-ni), wa-xpa-thiⁿ (waqpá¢iⁿ) -
to be poor [JOD-Omaha];
wa-xpa-thiⁿ (wa-xpá-thiⁿ) -
to suffer from exhaustion, in need, poverty-stricken, poor in
spirit, in great grief, in sorrow, a mourner [FL-Osage];
wa-xpa-thiⁿ (waxpáðį), wa-xpaiⁿ (waxpáį), wa-xpeiⁿ (waxpéį) -
poor, poverty stricken, pitiful, humble, long suffering as the
victim of pain, poverty, or ill fortune [CQ-Osage];
wa-xpa-yiⁿ (waxpáyiⁿ) - be
humble, pitiful, be poor, to feel poorly, feel ill [Kaw]
poor, pitiful
►
wa-xpa-ni (waxpáni) -
poor, pitiful
►
aⁿ-wa-xpa-ni (ąwáxpaní)
- I’m,
di-wa-xpa-ni
(diwáxpaní)
- you are
►
wa-xpa-ni (waxpáni) - pity me [OM]
►
ex: ni-ka-shi-ka wa-xpa-ni (níkkašíka waxpání) -
poor people [MS]
►
ex: wa-xpa-ni-de (waxpánidé) - treated her
miserably [JOD]
►
ex: wa-haⁿ-niⁿ-ke tʰaⁿ wa-xpa-ni-de (wahą́nįké tʰą
waxpánidé) - (they) treated the orpan miserably [JOD]
►
ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ e-kaⁿ niⁿ wa-haⁿ-niⁿ-ke tʰaⁿ wa-xpa-ni-de
haⁿ-e-aⁿ-zhi tʰaⁿ naⁿ (kóišǫ́ttą eką nį́ wahą́nįké tʰą waxpánidé
hą́eąží tʰą ną) - then/so/the moving/orphan/the
standing/treated her miserably/a great deal/the standing/past
sign [JOD]
►
ex: wa-xpa-ni mi (waxpáni mí) - pity for myself
[OM]
►
ex: wa-xpa-ni ska (waxpáni ská) - my pity for you,
I’m pitying you, pity you [OM]
►
Dhegiha:
wa-xpa-ni
(waqpáni), wa-xpa-thiⁿ (waqpáthiⁿ) -
poor, to be poor [Omaha/Ponca];
wa-xpa-thiⁿ (waxpathiⁿ) -
poverty, poor [Omaha];
wa-xpa-ni (wa-qpá-ni), wa-xpa-thiⁿ (waqpá¢iⁿ) -
to be poor [JOD-Omaha];
wa-xpa-thiⁿ (wa-xpá-thiⁿ) -
to suffer from exhaustion, in need, poverty-stricken, poor in
spirit, in great grief, in sorrow, a mourner [FL-Osage];
wa-xpa-thiⁿ (waxpáðį), wa-xpaiⁿ (waxpáį), wa-xpeiⁿ (waxpéį) -
poor, poverty stricken, pitiful, humble, long suffering as the
victim of pain, poverty, or ill fortune [CQ-Osage];
wa-xpa-yiⁿ (waxpáyiⁿ) - be
humble, pitiful, be poor, to feel poorly, feel ill [Kaw]
pop by stepping on
►
naⁿ-ta-zhe (nąttáže) - pop by stepping on
►
a-naⁿ-ta-zhe (aną́ttaže) - I, da-naⁿ-ta-zhe
(daną́ttaže) - you
►
cf. naⁿ (naⁿ) - by action of the foot;
ba-ta-zhe (battáže) - to make a popping sound from
pushing; bi-ta-zhe (bittáže) - popping sound from
pressing; da-ta-zhe (dattáže) - make popping sound
with mouth; di-ta-zhe (dittáže) - snap the
fingers; ka-ta-zhe (kattáže), ga-ta-zhe
(gattáže) - clap the hands; naⁿ-pe ka-ta-zhe (nąpe
kattáže) - clap the hands; po-ta-zhe (póttaže)
- thrust and cause popping sound; ta-ta-zhe (táttaže)
- to make a popping sound, as wood in a fire
pop, soda pop
►
ni po-to-xe (nippóttoxe) - soda pop, “exploding
water”
►
ni po-to-xe (nippóttoxe) - pop (soda pop) [LQ, OM]
►
cf. ni (ni) - water, liquid, stream, lake;
po-to-xi (póttoxi) - burst from a shot or punch;
ba-to-xi (battóxi) - burst by punching, pushing;
bi-to-xi (bittóxi) - burst from pressure/weight;
di-to-xi (dittóxi) - discharge, make a bang;
di-to-to-xi (dittóttoxi) - one of the sounds of thunder;
ka-to-xi (kattóxi) - burst, break open;
naⁿ-to-xi (nąttóxi) - step on and burst something;
ta-to-xi (táttoxi) - to cause burst by burning
►
Dhegiha: ni ka-pxo-ʰke (niikáapxoʰke) - soda pop,
soft drink, lit., “liquid explodes” [CQ-Osage]; ni
ga-pho-ke (ni gaphóke), ni ga-pho-ki (ní gaphóki) - soda
pop
[Kaw]
►
Dhegiha: ʰpo-ʰki (p̣o-ḳí) - a dull thud, made by
striking [FL-Osage]; ʰpo-ʰki-e (p̣o-ḳi-é) - a
sound like the report of a gun or a popgun [FL-Osage];
pho-ki (phóki), pho-ke (phóke) - a “sound-word”; to make
the ground give out a deadened sound by thrusting at it; to stab
a person or animal, running the knife or spear to the hilt,
making a thud; thud, sound of striking a soft object or the
ground [Kaw]
►
Dhegiha: ga-pu-ki (ga-pú-k͓i) - to make the sound
“pú-k͓i” by striking against clothing, or any soft part of a
oerson or animal [JOD-Omaha]; ga-ʰpo-ʰki (ga-p̣ó-ḳi)
- to make a dull thud or sound by striking a soft object
[FL-Osage]; ka-pxo-ʰke (kaapxóʰke) - burst,
explode, pop; hit someone on the back, knocking the wind out;
stun, crash [CQ-Osage]; ga-pho-ki (gaphóki) -
popping sound made when hitting
[Kaw]
►
Dhegiha: da-ʰpo-ʰki (dá-p̣o-ḳi) - to explode;
percussion [FL-Osage]; da-pho-ke (dáphokè) - to
pop, as popcorn from exposure to heat [Kaw]
►
Dhegiha: ba-pho-ki (baphóki), ba-pho-ke (baphóke)
- be a thudding sound; pop, give off a popping noise; cause
something to pop; cause something to make a popping noise [Kaw];
bu-pho-ke (buphóke) - popping sound from bursting
[Kaw]
►
Dhegiha: tu-shi (tushí) - shooting sound, the
sound of a gun shooting [Omaha/Ponca]; tu-shi (t͓u-cí)
- the sound heard when one shoots a gun [JOD-Omaha];
tu-shi (túshi) - snap, to snap, to make a snapping sound
[Omaha/Ponca]; tu-shi (t͓ú-ci) - to make a
snapping sound [JOD-Omaha]; ba-tu-shi (ba-t͓ú-ci)
- to fire a pop gun; said also when A strikes B with the butt
end of his gun, the concussion causing the gun to explode and
injure A [JOD-Omaha]; mu-tu-shi (mútushi) -
explode with a noise, like a rotten egg [Omaha/Ponca];
mu-tu-shi (mú-t͓u-ci) - to make a report, as a rotten
egg bursting [JOD-Omaha]
popping sound from pressing
►
bi-ta-zhe (bittáže) - popping sound from pressing
►
pi-ta-zhe (ppíttaže) - I, shpi-ta-zhe
(špíttaže) - you
►
cf. bi (bi) - by pressing, rubbing;
ba-ta-zhe (battáže) - to make a popping sound from
pushing; da-ta-zhe (dattáže) - make popping sound
with mouth; di-ta-zhe (dittáže) - snap the
fingers; ka-ta-zhe (kattáže), ga-ta-zhe
(gattáže) - clap the hands; naⁿ-pe ka-ta-zhe (nąpe
kattáže) - clap the hands; naⁿ-ta-zhe (nąttáže)
- pop by stepping on; po-ta-zhe (póttaže) - thrust
and cause popping sound; ta-ta-zhe (táttaže) - to
make a popping sound, as wood in a fire
popping, make popping or snapping sound
►
di-to-pe-de (dittóppedé) - make popping, snapping
sound
►
bdi-to-pe-de (bdíttoppedé) - I, ti-to-pe-de
(ttíttoppedé) - you
popping, thrust and cause popping sound
►
po-ta-zhe (póttaže) - thrust and cause popping
sound
►
po-a-ta-zhe (póattáže) - I, po-da-ta-zhe
(pódattáže) - you
►
cf. po (pó) - by shooting, blowing;
ba-ta-zhe (battáže) - to make a popping sound from
pushing; bi-ta-zhe (bittáže) - popping sound from
pressing; da-ta-zhe (dattáže) - make popping sound
with mouth; di-ta-zhe (dittáže) - snap the
fingers; ka-ta-zhe (kattáže), ga-ta-zhe
(gattáže) - clap the hands; naⁿ-pe ka-ta-zhe (nąpe
kattáže) - clap the hands; naⁿ-ta-zhe (nąttáže)
- pop by stepping on; ta-ta-zhe (táttaže) - to
make a popping sound, as wood in a fire
popping, to make a popping sound as wood in a fire
►
ta-ta-zhe (táttaže) - to make a popping sound as
wood in a fire
►
cf. ta (tá) - by extreme temperature;
ba-ta-zhe (battáže) - to make a popping sound from
pushing; bi-ta-zhe (bittáže) - popping sound from
pressing; da-ta-zhe (dattáže) - make popping sound
with mouth; di-ta-zhe (dittáže) - snap the
fingers; ka-ta-zhe (kattáže), ga-ta-zhe
(gattáže) - clap the hands; naⁿ-pe ka-ta-zhe (nąpe
kattáže) - clap the hands; naⁿ-ta-zhe (nąttáže)
- pop by stepping on; po-ta-zhe (póttaže) - thrust
and cause popping sound
popping, to make a popping sound from pushing
►
ba-ta-zhe (battáže) - to make a popping sound from
pushing
►
pa-ta-zhe (ppáttaže) - I, shpa-ta-zhe
(špáttaže) - you
►
cf. ba (ba) - by pushing; bi-ta-zhe
(bittáže) - popping sound from pressing; da-ta-zhe
(dattáže) - make popping sound with mouth;
di-ta-zhe (dittáže) - snap the fingers; ka-ta-zhe
(kattáže), ga-ta-zhe (gattáže) - clap the
hands; naⁿ-pe ka-ta-zhe (nąpe kattáže) - clap the
hands; naⁿ-ta-zhe (nąttáže) - pop by stepping on;
po-ta-zhe (póttaže) - thrust and cause popping
sound; ta-ta-zhe (táttaže) - to make a popping
sound, as wood in a fire
popping, to make a popping sound with the mouth
►
da-ta-zhe (dattáže) - make popping sound with
mouth
►
bda-ta-zhe (bdáttaže) - I, ta-ta-zhe
(ttáttaže) - you
►
cf. da (da) - by mouth; ba-ta-zhe (battáže)
- to make a popping sound from pushing; bi-ta-zhe
(bittáže) - popping sound from pressing; di-ta-zhe
(dittáže) - snap the fingers; ka-ta-zhe (kattáže),
ga-ta-zhe (gattáže) - clap the hands; naⁿ-pe
ka-ta-zhe (nąpe kattáže) - clap the hands;
naⁿ-ta-zhe (nąttáže) - pop by stepping on;
po-ta-zhe (póttaže) - thrust and cause popping sound;
ta-ta-zhe (táttaže) - to make a popping sound, as
wood in a fire
porcupine
►
pa-hiⁿ (ppahį́) - porcupine
►
Dhegiha: p͓a-hiⁿ (p͓áhiⁿ) - a porcupine; porcupine
quills [Omaha/Ponca]; ba-hiⁿ (báhiⁿ) - porcupine
[Omaha]; p͓a-hiⁿ (p͓á-hiⁿ) - a porcupine;
porcupine quills [JOD-Omaha]; ʰpa-hiⁿ (p̣á-hiⁿ) -
porcupine [FL-Osage]; ʰpa-hiⁿ (ʰp̣áhį) - porcupine
[CQ-Osage]; p͓a-hiⁿ (páhiⁿ) - porcupine [Kaw]
pork, bacon, fat meat
►
wa-shiⁿ (wašį́) - bacon, pork, fat meat [MS, AG,
OM]
►
wa-shiⁿ (wašį́) - fat, fat meat
►
wa-shiⁿ (wašį́) - fat, fatty meat [FS]
►
cf. shiⁿ (šį) - fat, as a person or animal;
wa-shiⁿ-ha (wašį́ha) - bacon, “fat skin”; te
naⁿ-ka shiⁿ (tte ną́kka šį́) - buffalo back fat [JOD];
te ni-te shiⁿ (tte nítte šį) - buffalo rump fat
[JOD]; ta shiⁿ (ttašį́) - deer fat; shiⁿ-xti
(šįxtí) - very fat, really fat; shiⁿ-wa-de
(šįwáde) - to fatten them, to cause to be fat [JOD];
shiⁿ ka-xe (šį káγe) - fatten, to make fat [JOD];
shiⁿ-hiⁿ (šįhį́) - fat
►
ex: wa-shiⁿ koⁿ-bda (wašį́ kkǫbdá) - I want some
meat (bacon, fat meat) [AG]
►
Dhegiha: wa-shiⁿ (washiⁿ) - fat [Omaha];
wa-shiⁿ (wacíⁿ) - fat, fat meat [JOD-Omaha];
wa-shiⁿ (wa-shíⁿ) - meat with very little lean, fat meat
[FL-Osage]; wa-shiⁿ (wašį́)- bacon, fat meat, salt
pork, be fat, be overweight [CQ-Osage]; wa-shiⁿ (washíⁿ)
- fat, bacon, also any kind of fat [Kaw]
►
Dhegiha: shiⁿ (shiⁿ) - fat, obese, plump, fleshy
[Omaha/Ponca]; shiⁿ (shiⁿ) - fat, husky [Omaha];
shiⁿ (shíⁿ) - to be fat [FL-Osage]; shiⁿ
(šį́) - be fat [CQ-Osage]; shiⁿ (shiⁿ),
shi (shi) - be fat [Kaw]
position, in a lying position
►
i-he (íhe) - horizontal, in a lying position
►
cf. i-he-de (ihéde) - put a horizontal object;
a-i-he-de (áihedé) - lay down a
singular/lying/inanimate object; aⁿ-he (ą́he) -
lay a long/inanimate object on something; oⁿ-he (ǫhé)
- lay singular/lying/inanimate inside something, put
►
ex: a-ka-zi i-he a-taⁿ di-ze (ákazi íhe áttą dizé)
- to stretch out on an object and take something else
►
ex: a-ka-zi i-he a-zhaⁿ-taⁿ bdi-ze (ákazi íhe ažą́ttą
bdizé) - I stretch, etc.
►
ex: zhoⁿ i-he (žǫ́ ihé) - be lying down
►
Dhegiha: i-he (i-hé) - after verbs, to be placed
or laid [JOD-Omaha]; i-he (ihé) - lying object
acted upon, post-verbal [Kaw]
possess, acquire, gain
►
o-kʰe-taⁿ (okʰéttą) - acquire, gain, possess
►
o-a-kʰe-taⁿ (oákʰettą) - I, o-da-kʰe-taⁿ
(odákʰettą) - you
►
cf. o-ki-kʰe-taⁿ (okkíkʰettą) - acquire for
oneself; o-ki-kʰe-tʰaⁿ (okíkʰetʰą́) - acquire
something for/from someone
►
Dhegiha: u-ke-ta (ukéta), u-ke-toⁿ (ukétoⁿ)
- commit, commemorate, succeed, accomplish [Omaha];
u-kshe-ʰtoⁿ (u-kshé-ṭoⁿ) - to obtain, to come into
possession of, to win, to gain, to earn, wages, pay, salary,
compensation, earnings, income [FL-Osage]; o-kshe-ʰtaⁿ
(okšéʰtą) - gain, earn, come into possession of, obtain,
salary, earnings, gain, winnings [CQ-Osage]; o-khe-toⁿ
(okhétoⁿ) - gain or regain [Kaw]
possess, have
►
taⁿ (ttą), toⁿ (ttǫ) - possess, have
►
aⁿ-taⁿ (ąttą́) - I, di-taⁿ (dittą́)
- you, wa-taⁿ-we (wattą́we) - we
►
cf. o-toⁿ (ottǫ́), o-taⁿ (ottą́) -
abound; zhoⁿ o-toⁿ (žǫ́ ottǫ́), zhaⁿ o-ta
(žą́ ottá) - forest; xoⁿ-te-hi o-taⁿ (xǫttéhi
ottą́) - Rock Creek, I.T., lit. “cedars abound in it”,
near Quapaw, OK
►
ex: wa-di-kdaⁿ toⁿ (wadikdą ttǫ) - be wise, have
sense
►
ex: zhe-ka taⁿ (žeká ttą) - pot, lit. “it has
legs” [MS]
►
ex: taⁿ (ttą) - it had [JOD]
►
ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ zho bdo-ka hi we-s’a o-do-hi i-ya-we,
we-s’a-xti kde-zhe pe-xe ttaⁿ e-koⁿ o-do-hi i-ya-we (kóišǫ́ttą
žo bdóka hi wésʔa odóhi iyáwe, wésʔaxti kdežé ppéγe ttą ekǫ́
odóhi iyáwe) - then her entire flesh/body turned into a
snake, they say, turned into a rattlesnake (spotted real snake)
with a rattle, like that, they say [JOD]
►
Dhegiha: tʰoⁿ (tʰoⁿ) - exist, abound, have,
possess, to exist, there is/there are; to abound, to have or
possess [Omaha/Ponca]; taⁿ (taⁿ) - to abound;
there is; to have or possess [JOD-Omaha]; ʰtoⁿ (ṭoⁿ)
- to possess [FL-Osage]; toⁿ (toⁿ) - have, possess
[Kaw]
possession, move one’s possession by pushing
►
ki-pa-ti-ze (kíppattíze) - move one’s possession
by pushing
►
a-ki-pa-ti-ze (akíppattize) - I,
da-ki-pa-ti-ze (dakíppattize) - you
►
cf. ba-ti-ze (battíze), ba-tʰi-ze (batʰíze) - move
something by pushing; bi-ti-ze (bittíze) - move
something by pressing or blowing; di-ti-ze (dittíze)
- move by pulling something; ki-kdi-ti-ze (kkíkdittíze)
- move something for one’s own benefit; naⁿ-ti-ze
(nąttíze) - kick along, move something with feet;
po-ti-ze (póttize), po-tʰi-ze (pótʰize) -
move something by punching or shooting
possible
►
ni-hoⁿ (nihǫ́) - possible or should [JOD]
►
ni-hoⁿ (nihǫ́) - improbability post clitic,
dubitative
►
ex: “hoⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ za-ni t’e-a-wa-dai ni-hoⁿ,” i-ya-we i-ya
wa-sa ke (“hǫnį́ttą zaní tʔeáwadaí nihǫ́,” iyáwe iyá wasá ke)
- the black bears said, “how could anyone kill all
of us?”, they say [JOD]
►
ex: hoⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ t’e-da-de ni-hoⁿ (hǫnį́ttą tʔédade nihǫ́)
- how would it be possible for you to kill him? [JOD]
►
ex: “hoⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ shkoⁿ-aⁿ-de ni-hoⁿ,” i-yi i-ya wa-sa
niⁿ-kʰe (“hǫnį́ttą škǫ́ądé nihǫ́,” iyí iyá wasá niⁿkʰe)
- “how would it be possible for anyone to make me move?” said
the black bear, it is said [JOD]
possible, as fast as possible
►
a-zho-wa hi (ažowá hi) - as fast as possible [JOD]
►
ex: a-zho-wa hi pʰi a-ni-he, so-te a-ni-he, aⁿ-xde te
a-zhaⁿ-niⁿ (ažowá hi pʰí aníhe, sótte aníhe, ą́xde tte ažąmį́)
- I was coming as fast as possible, I was moving fast, I thought
he was going to overtake me [JOD]
►
ex: a-zho-wa hi pa (ážowa hi ppá) - they were
doing their best to escape [JOD]
possible, how possible
►
ni-te naⁿ (nité ną) - how possible [JOD]
►
ex: ni-ka-shi-ka maⁿ-shi e-ti ni-te naⁿ (níkkašíka mą́ši
ettí nité ną) - human being/above/there/how possible
[JOD]
►
ex: maⁿ-shi ni-ka-shi-ka e-ti ni-te naⁿ (mą́ši níkkašíka
ettí nité ną) - above/human being/there/how possible
[JOD]
post clitic, improbability
►
ni-hoⁿ (nihǫ́) - improbability post clitic,
dubitative
►
ex: “hoⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ za-ni t’e-a-wa-dai ni-hoⁿ,” i-ya-we i-ya
wa-sa ke (hǫnį́ttą zaní tʔeáwadaí nihǫ́ iyáwe iyá wasá ke)
- the black bears said, “how could anyone kill all
of us?”, they say [JOD]
►
ex: hoⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ t’e-da-de ni-hoⁿ (hǫnį́ttą tʔédade nihǫ́)
- how would it be possible for you to kill him? [JOD]
►
ex: “hoⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ shkoⁿ-aⁿ-de ni-hoⁿ,” i-yi i-ya wa-sa
niⁿ-kʰe (hǫnį́ttą škǫ́ądé nihǫ́ iyí iyá wasá niⁿkʰe) -
“how would it be possible for anyone to make me move?” said the
black bear, it is said [JOD]
post oak
►
zhoⁿ xo-te (žǫ xótte) - post oak, Q. stellata
►
zhaⁿ xo-te (žą xótte) - gray tree [MS]
►
cf. zhaⁿ (žą), zhoⁿ (žǫ) - wood, tree; xo-te
(xótte) - gray
►
Dhegiha: zhoⁿ xu-dse (zhóⁿ-xu-dse) - white oak
[FL-Osage]; zhoⁿ xu-dse (zhoⁿ xú-dse) - gray oak
tree (Quercus borealis), oak tree [FL-Osage]; zhoⁿ xo-dse
hi (zhóⁿ-xo-dse hi) - the gray tree, the post oak, this
tree is sometimes known as the iron oak, but should not be
confused with ironwood [FL-Osage]; zhaⁿ xo-je hu (zháⁿ
xoje hú) - white oak tree, lit. “gray wood tree”, the
white oak, it has a large trunk, about 2 1/2 ft. in diameter
[Kaw]
post, fence post
►
zhoⁿ po-za (žǫ póza), zhaⁿ po-za (žą póza) -
post, fence post
►
cf. zhoⁿ (žǫ́), zhaⁿ (žą) wood, tree; po-za
(póza) - plant a post in the ground
►
Dhegiha: zhoⁿ bo-za (zhóⁿ-bo-ça)
- a fence post, “wood planted upright in the ground” [FL-Osage]
►
Dhegiha: zhoⁿ (zhoⁿ) - wood, tree [Omaha/Ponca];
zhoⁿ (zhoⁿ) - wood, tree [Omaha]; zhoⁿ
(zhoⁿ) - a tree, wood, fuel [FL-Osage]; zhaⁿ
(žą́ą) - tree, log, wood, lumber, stick, pole, woods,
forest [CQ-Osage]; zhaⁿ (zhaⁿ) - wood, a tree or
log [Kaw]
►
Dhegiha: mu-za (mú-za) - to stick a stake or stick
in the ground; to plant a post or posts [JOD-Omaha]; bo-za
(bó-ça) - to plant a post in the ground; to place a pole
in the ground [FL-Osage]; bo-za (bóza) - plant a
post or stick in the ground; to plant a post or stick in the
ground, either obliquely or perpendicularly, as a fence post;
post, fence; marker, monument [Kaw]
post, plant a post in the ground
►
po-za (póza) - plant a post in the ground
►
po-a-za (póaza) - I, po-da-za (pódaza)
- you, po-oⁿ-za-we (póǫzawe) - we
►
cf. zhoⁿ po-za (žǫ póza) - post, fence post
►
Dhegiha: mu-za (mú-za) - to stick a stake or stick
in the ground; to plant a post or posts [JOD-Omaha]; bo-za
(bó-ça) - to plant a post in the ground; to place a pole
in the ground [FL-Osage]; bo-za (bóza) - plant a
post or stick in the ground; to plant a post or stick in the
ground, either obliquely or perpendicularly, as a fence post;
post, fence; marker, monument [Kaw]
Post,
Upright Post Forked at the Top to
Support a Cross Pole
►
hi-kde (hí-ktçĕ) - Upright post forked at the top
to support a cross-pole, masculine name of the
Kwapa oⁿ-pʰoⁿ
(oⁿpʰŭⁿ)
or Elk gens [JOD]
►
cf. hi (hi) - tree, bush, vine, stalk, leg;
a-kde (akdé) - put; set a standing object upright upon a
surface or within something which supports it; o-kde
(okdé) - put lengthwise, to stand
►
Dhegiha: hiu-gthe ʰtoⁿ-ga (hiú-gthe-
ṭoⁿ-ga)
- personal name, refers to the great size of the
buffalo bulls legs [FL-Osage]; hiu-gthe (hiú-gthe)
- upright poles of a house; frame of a house
[FL-Osage]; hu-le (hulé) - trunk of a tree; legs
[Kaw]
postclitic, habitual postclitic
►
naⁿ (ną), noⁿ (nǫ), ʰnaⁿ (ʰną) - habitual
postclitic
►
ex: bda-taⁿ naⁿ (bdattą́ ną) - I drink, I’m a
drunkard
►
ex: a-tʰaⁿ-te bdo-ka aⁿ-kda-xti naⁿ ni-tʰe (atʰą́tte bdóka
ą́kdaxti ną́ nitʰé) - I have suffered exceedingly all
the time
►
ex: hoⁿ-i-she naⁿ (hǫišé ną) - what do you usually
say? [JOD]
►
ex: ta-taⁿ naⁿ (ttattą́ ną) - you drink, you're a
drunkard
►
ex: e-ti te na-ha i-he naⁿ (étti tté nahá ihé ną)
- you do not go there, I’ve been saying [JOD]
►
ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ i-ki-pʰe ki-ha naⁿ ni-ka-shi-ka zho-hi hi
tʰi-naⁿ-we (kóišǫ́ttą íkipʰe kihá ną níkkašíka žóhi hí
tʰí-ną-we) - then, when he is finished inviting many
people, they usually come [JOD]
►
ex: to k’e de-naⁿ-wi (tó kʔe dé-ną-wi) - they
usually dig for potatoes [JOD]
►
ex: aⁿ-toⁿ-we-naⁿ-we (ątǫ́we-ną-wé) - they usually
look (watch) at me [JOD]
►
ex: pi-naⁿ (ppíną), pi-noⁿ (ppínǫ) -
do well at something precociously
►
Dhegiha: hnaⁿ (hnaⁿ) - customary [Omaha/Ponca];
noⁿ (noⁿ) - usually, customarily [FL-Osage];
naⁿ (ną), noⁿ (nǫ) - always, repeatedly,
habitually, customarily, usually, recurringly, continually,
continue to, used to [CQ-Osage]; hnaⁿ (hnaⁿ) -
habitual aspect; usually; always generally; used to, it used to
be so [Kaw]
pot, kettle
►
de-xe (déγe) - pot, kettle
►
de-xe (déxe) - kettle [JOD]
►
cf. ma-ni-ka de-xe (maníkka déγe) - pottery, clay
pottery; not made after 1840; de-xe zi (deγé zi) -
brass, lit. “kettle-yellow”; de-xe zhi-te (deγé žítte)
- copper, lit. “kettle-red”
►
Dhegiha: the-xe (théxe) - kettle, pot, pail,
bucket [Omaha/Ponca]; the-xe (¢é-xe), ne-xe (néxe)
- a kettle, pot; pail, bucket [JOD-Omaha]; ne-xe (nexe)
- pot [Omaha]; ʰtse-xe (ṭsé-xe) - kettle; a pot
for cooking; a tin pail [FL-Osage]; ʰtse-xe (ʰcéγe),
tse-xe (céγe) - bucket, pail; kettle; pot [CQ-Osage];
je-ghe (jéghe) - kettle, bucket, pot [Kaw]
►
zhe-ka taⁿ (žeká ttą) - pot, lit. “it has legs”
[MS]
►
cf. zhe-ka (žeká) - man’s leg; hind leg of animal;
taⁿ (ttą), toⁿ (ttǫ) - possess, have
►
Dhegiha: zhe-ga (zhéga) - upper part of the leg,
thigh [Omaha/Ponca]; zhe-ga (zhega) - leg [Omaha];
zhe-ga (zhe-gá) - leg, upper part [FL-Osage];
zhe-ka (žeká) - leg [CQ-Osage]; zhe-ga (zhegá)
- leg; thigh, leg above the knee [Kaw]
►
Dhegiha: tʰoⁿ (tʰoⁿ) - exist, abound, have,
possess, to exist, there is/there are; to abound, to have or
possess [Omaha/Ponca]; taⁿ (taⁿ) - to abound;
there is; to have or possess [JOD-Omaha]; ʰtoⁿ (ṭoⁿ)
- to possess [FL-Osage]; toⁿ (toⁿ) - have, possess
[Kaw]
potato
►
to (to) - potato
►
to (to) - potato [MR, AG]
►
cf. to-shoⁿ-shoⁿ (tošǫ́šǫ) - Irish potato, “round
potato”; to-ska (toska) - potato, white potato;
to ski-de (to skíde) - sweet potato; to ste-te
(tostétte) - sweet potato, “long potato”; to
taⁿ-ka (tuk-tonkah) - apple of the earth, “large potato”
(pomme de terre) [GI]
►
ex: to k’e de-naⁿ-wi (tó kʔe dé-ną-wi) - they
usually dig for potatoes [JOD]
►
ex: shi-naⁿ wa-naⁿ-bde ki-ha naⁿ, to k’e da-we (šiną́
waną́bde kihá ną, tó kʔe dáwe) - when they finished
eating, they went to dig potatoes again [JOD]
►
ex: to k’e pa-i (tó kʔe ppá-i) - they were digging
potatoes [JOD]
►
ex: pa-ze de naⁿ o-ki-hoⁿ-wi i-ya-we, to (ppáze dé ną
okíhǫwi iyáwe, tó) - after dark they boiled the potatoes
together, they said [JOD]
►
Dhegiha: nu (nu) - potato, including both the
European potato and native potato [Omaha/Ponca]; nu (nu)
- potato [Omaha]; nu (nu) - potato, potatoes; this
includes the potato known to the white man, and also the
nu u-ke-thiⁿ (nú uké¢iⁿ) or native potato, an esculent
root [JOD-Omaha]; do (do) - potato, before the
Irish potato was introduced by traders, the Osage used a wild
potato which tastes like sweet potato, when the Irish potato
became known to the Osage they applied to it the name “do”
[FL-Osage]; to (tóo) - tuber [CQ-Osage]; do
(do) - potato, Indian potato, the Kansa dig these in the
lowlands near the Arkansas River, about an inch thick and 2
inches long originally; white, and tasted like potatoes [Kaw]
potato, Irish potato
►
to-shoⁿ-shoⁿ (tošǫ́šǫ) - Irish potato, “round
potato”
►
to-shoⁿ-shoⁿ (tošǫ́šǫ) - Irish potato [MS, AB, OM]
►
cf. to (to) - potato; shoⁿ-shoⁿ (šǫ́šǫ)
- round, spherical; to ska (toska) - potato,
“white potato” [MR]; to ste-te (to stétte) - sweet
potato, “long potato” [MS, MR, AB, OM]; to ski-de (to
ski-de) - sweet potato [MR]; to taⁿ-ka
(tuk-tonkah) - apple of the earth, large potato (pomme
de terre) [GI]; to-kde de (tah-kah-dah-the) -
turnips (ravets) [GI]
potato, large potato
►
to taⁿ-ka (tuk-tonkah) - apple of the earth,
“large potato” (pomme de terre) [GI]
►
cf. to (to) - potato; taⁿ-ka (ttą́ka)
- big, large
►
Dhegiha: nu (nu) - potato, including both the
European potato and native potato [Omaha/Ponca]; nu (nu)
- potato [Omaha]; nu (nu) - potato, potatoes; this
includes the potato known to the white man, and also the
nu u-ke-thiⁿ (nú uké¢iⁿ) or native potato, an esculent
root [JOD-Omaha]; do (do) - potato, before the
Irish potato was introduced by traders, the Osage used a wild
potato which tastes like sweet potato, when the Irish potato
became known to the Osage they applied to it the name “do”
[FL-Osage]; to (tóo) - tuber [CQ-Osage];
do (do)
- potato, Indian potato, the
Kansa dig these in the lowlands near the Arkansas River, about
an inch thick and 2 inches long originally; white, and tasted
like potatoes [Kaw]
potato, sweet potato
►
to ski-de (to skíde) - sweet potato
►
to ski-de (to ski-de) - sweet potato [MR]
►
cf. to (to) - potato; ski-de (skíde)
- sweet
►
Dhegiha: nu ski-the (nu çkithe) - sweet potato
[Omaha]; do sku-e (dó-çku-e) - sweet potato
[FL-Osage]; to sku-e (tóoskue) - sweet potato
[CQ-Osage]; do ske-we (do skúwe) - sweet
potato
[Kaw]
►
to ste-te (tostétte) - sweet potato, “long potato”
►
to ste-te (to stétte) - sweet potato [MS, MR, AB,
OM]
►
cf. to (to) - potato; ste-te (stétte)
- tall, long
►
Dhegiha: do stse-dse (dó-stse-dse) - the sweet
potato, “long potato” [FL-Osage]; to stse (tooscée), to
shtse (toošcée) - sweet potato, yam, lit., “long potato”
[CQ-Osage]
potato, Sweet Potato Creek
►
to ski-de ni (to skíde ni) - Sweet potato creek,
home of the Quapaws before 1861 according to JOD
►
cf. to ski-de (to skíde) - sweet potato; ni
(ni) - water, liquid, stream, lake
►
Dhegiha: do-sku-e ga-xa (dó-çku-e ga-xa) - Sweet
potato branch, sometimes called ni-u-zhu (Neosho);
Spring River [FL-Osage]; to-sku-e ka-xa (tóoskue káxa)
- Sweet Potato Creek [CQ-Osage]
potato, white potato
►
to-ska (toska) - potato, white potato
►
to-ska (toska) - potato, white potato [MR]
►
cf. to (to) - potato; ska (ska) -
white
►
Dhegiha: do-ska (dó-çka) - white potatoes, Irish
potatoes [FL-Osage]; to-ska (tóoska) - white
potato, Irish potato [CQ-Osage]; do ska (do ská) -
potato, commercial potato, “Irish potato” [Kaw]
potatoes, dig potatoes
►
to k’e (tó kʔe) - dig for potatoes [JOD]
►
to a-k’e (tó akʔé) - I, to da-k’e (tó dakʔé)
- you
►
cf. to (to) - potato; k’e (kʔe) -
dig with a grubbing hoe
►
ex: to k’e de-naⁿ-wi (tó kʔe dé-ną-wi) - they
usually dig for potatoes [JOD]
►
ex: to k’e pa-i (tó kʔe ppá-i) - they were digging
potatoes [JOD]
►
ex: shi-naⁿ wa-naⁿ-bde ki-ha naⁿ, to k’e da-we (šiną́
waną́bde kihá ną, tó kʔe dáwe) - when they finished
eating, they went to dig potatoes again [JOD]
►
Dhegiha: do ʰk’e (do ḳ’e) - dig potatoes
[FL-Osage]; to-ska a-k’e (tóoska akʔé) - I dig
potatoes [CQ-Osage]; do-pi-k’e (dópik’è) - Topeka,
Kansas; lit. “good place to dig (wild) potatoes”; the name of
the present day city is taken from this Kaw phrase [Kaw]
Potawatomi Indians
►
wa-ho-wa-ha (wahúwahá) - Kwapa name for the
Pottawatami Indians [JOD]
►
Dhegiha: wa-hi u-tha-xa (wahi uthaxa) - Potawatomi
Tribe [Omaha]; wa-ho-wa-ha (wahówahá) - Potawatomi
tribe or tribal member [CQ-Osage]; wa-hi o-ya-ha
(wáhióyaha) - Potawatomi tribe or people [Kaw]
potential modality in past
►
i-te (itté) - potential modality in past
►
ex: tʰe i-te (tʰe itté) - may have in the past
[JOD]
►
ex: “ho-wa-tʰe-ti t’e-dai tʰe i-te i-da-ki-de te,” i-ye
niⁿ, i-ya wa-x’o zhi-ka niⁿ (“hówa tʰettí tʔédai tʰe itté
idákide tte,” iyé nį, iyá waxʔóžiká nį) - the old woman
said, “wherever they may have killed him, I will seek him,” it
is said (they say) [JOD]
potential mode clitic, future tense
►
ta (tta) - future tense; potential mode clitic
►
ta miⁿ-kʰe (tta mįkʰé) - I, ta niⁿ-kʰe (tta
nįkʰé) - you; taⁿ-ka-tʰaⁿ (ttąkatʰą́),
ta oⁿ-ka-tʰaⁿ (tta ǫkatʰą́) - we, I and one other
►
ex: shi-naⁿ ka-saⁿ-niⁿ a-kdi ta miⁿ-kʰe (šíną kasą́nį akdí
tta mįkʰé) - I'll come back tomorrow [MS]
►
ex: a-kde ta miⁿ-kʰe (akdé tta mįkʰé) - I'm
going home (I will be going home) [MS]
►
ex:
wi-e mo-sho-ki a-kde ta miⁿ-kʰe ka-sa-ni (wíe móšokki akdé tta mįkʰé kasáni)
- I am going to church in the morning (tomorrow) [AG]
►
ex: bda-taⁿ ta miⁿ-kʰe (bdattą́ tta mįkʰé) - I
will be drinking
►
ex: she-ta a-kʰi-kniⁿ ta miⁿ-kʰe (šétta akʰíknį tta mįkʰé)
- I will return thither (in sight) and take my seat
►
ex: a-wi-ki-pa ta miⁿ-kʰe (áwikkippá ttá mįkʰé) -
I will meet you
►
ex: hoⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ toⁿ ti te ta ni-kʰe (hǫnį́ttą ttǫ tti tté
tta nikʰé) - why you go to town? (why are you going to
town?) [MS]
►
ex: hoⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ te ta ni-kʰe (hǫnį́ttą tté tta nikʰé)
- why will you be going?, why are you going? [MS]
►
ex: ha-zhoⁿ ta ni-she (háažǫ tta nišé) - what are
you going to do with it? [MS]
►
ex: a-shi-oⁿ-he-taⁿ sh-ta oⁿ-ka-hi taⁿ-ka-tʰaⁿ (ášiǫhéttą
šétta ǫkáhi ttąkatʰą́) - later on, we will reach there
(where you are)
►
ex: aⁿ-ka-kde taⁿ-ka-tʰaⁿ (ą́kakdé tta ą́katʰą) -
we are going home (me and you are going home) [MS]
►
ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ sh’a-ke tʰaⁿ ni o-ha wa-taⁿ a-ki-de ta
tʰaⁿ naⁿ (kóišǫ́ttą šʔaké tʰą ni ohá wattą́ akidé tta tʰą́ ną)
- then the old man was about to go after goods along the
creek/river [JOD]
►
Dhegiha: ta (ta) - will, shall, potential or
future marker [Omaha/Ponca]; ta (ta) - future
sign, shall or will [JOD-Omaha];
ʰta (ṭa)
- shall, he shall, you shall [FL-Osage];
ʰta (ʰta)
- future tense marker, will, be going to, could, so that it
could/might be, what if, were it the case that, would be
[CQ-Osage];
ta (ta)
- future potential or intentive aspect [Kaw]
potential or optative marker
►
te (tte) - future, potential or optative marker,
shall, will be
►
ex: bda-taⁿ te (bdattą́ tte) - I will/would drink
►
ex: pa-hi-o-knaⁿ a-wa-naⁿ-bde a-shi a-a-ki-knaⁿ te
(ppáhi-ókną áwanąbde áši áakikną tte) - I will put my
hat on the table
►
ex: di-taⁿ-niⁿ e-ti da! a-shi-oⁿ-he-taⁿ she-ta pi te
(díttąnį étti dá! ášiǫhéttą šétta ppi tte) - you go
there first, and I will join you later on
►
ex: ha-tʰaⁿ-taⁿ te te (hatʰą́ttą tté tte) - when
you going? [MS]
►
ex: ni-zhi te (niží tte) - it’s going to rain [OM]
►
ex: ni-zhi te (niži tte) - it will rain
►
ex: e-koⁿ te (ekǫ́ tte), e-kaⁿ te (eką́ tte)
- so shall it be, it will be like that [JOD]
►
ex: hau, e-kaⁿ te, i-yi (hau, eką́ tte, iyí) -
yes, it will be like that, he said; yes, so shall it be, he said
[JOD]
►
ex: ha-tʰaⁿ-taⁿ te te (hatʰą́ttą tté tte) - when
you going? [MS]
►
Dhegiha: te (te) - future sign, will; let; please
[JOD-Omaha]; ʰtse (ṭse) - shall or will go
[FL-Osage]; ʰtse (ʰce) - may it be that, often
translated as ‘let, allow, have, tell someone to, let’s’
[CQ-Osage]; tse (ce) - future or potential aspect:
shall or will; please [Kaw]
pottery, clay pottery
►
ma-ni-ka de-xe (maníkka déγe) - pottery, clay
pottery; not made after 1840
►
cf. ma-ni-ka (maníkka) - earth, soil, ground,
dirt; de-xe (déγe) - pot, kettle; ma-ni-ka
di-haⁿ-haⁿ (maníkka dihą́hą) - earthquake;
ma-ni-ka o-ka-kdo (maníkka okákdo) - quicksand;
ma-ni-ka shi-we (maníkka šíwe) - worm, earthworm
►
Dhegiha: maⁿ-thiⁿ-ka the-xe (maⁿ-¢íñ-ka ¢é-xe),
maⁿ-thiⁿ-ka ne-xe (maⁿ-¢íñ-ka né-xe) - pottery,
earthenware pots, kettles, etc. [JOD-Omaha]; moⁿ-thiⁿ-ʰka
ʰtse-xe (moⁿ-thíⁿ-ḳa ṭse-xe), moⁿ-iⁿ-ʰka tse-xe (moⁿ-íⁿ-ḳa
tse-xe) - pottery, earthenware [FL-Osage]
►
Dhegiha: maⁿ-thiⁿ-ka (maⁿ-¢íñ-ka) - earth, soil
[JOD-Omaha]; moⁿ-thiⁿ-ʰka (moⁿ-thíⁿ-ḳa), moⁿ-iⁿ-ʰka
(moⁿ-íⁿ-ḳa) - ground, earth, soil, clay, mud [FL-Osage];
moⁿ-thiⁿ-ʰka (mǫðįʰka), maⁿ-iⁿ-ʰka (mą́įʰka) -
soil, ground, earth, clay, mud, dirt [CQ-Osage];
maⁿ-yiⁿ-ka (maⁿyíⁿka) - earth, ground, clay, soil [Kaw]
►
Dhegiha: the-xe (théxe) - kettle, pot, pail,
bucket [Omaha/Ponca]; the-xe (¢é-xe), ne-xe (néxe)
- a kettle, pot; pail, bucket [JOD-Omaha]; ne-xe (nexe)
- pot [Omaha]; ʰtse-xe (ṭsé-xe) - kettle; a pot
for cooking; a tin pail [FL-Osage]; ʰtse-xe (ʰcéγe),
tse-xe (céγe) - bucket, pail; kettle; pot [CQ-Osage];
je-ghe (jéghe) - kettle, bucket, pot [Kaw]
pouch, pocket, sack, bag
►
o-zhi-ha (óžiha) - sack, bag, pocket, pouch
►
o-zhi-ha (óžiha) - sack, bag, pocket [MS]
►
cf. o-zhi (oží) - put collection into something,
plant, fill; ha (ha) - skin, bark, hide, shell
►
ex: wa-zhiⁿ-ka o-zhi-ha (wažį́ka ožíha) - bird’s
nest
►
ex: te-zhe-ni o-zhi-ha (téženi óžiha) - bladder
►
ex: shi o-zhi-ha (šíožíha) - uterus
►
ex: ta shi o-zhi-ha (ttašíožíha) - doe’s womb
►
ex: ta-ni o-zhi-ha (táni óžiha) - tobacco pouch
[JOD]
►
ex: wa-ba-tʰe o-zhi-ha (wabátʰé óžiha) - sewing
bag [JOD]
►
ex: to-wa o-zhi-ha zhi-ka o-wa-ki-zhi (tówa óžiha žíka
ówakiží) - he put the four of them (his own) into the
little bag [JOD]
►
ex: ki-ha naⁿ o-zhi-ha o-k’oⁿ-he (kihá ną óžiha ókʔǫhe)
- when he finished, he put it (the long object) in the bag [JOD]
►
ex: o-zhi-ha zhi-ka, e-ti o-wa-zhi naⁿ (óžiha žiká, étti
ówaži ną) - he put them in there, in the little bag
[JOD]
►
ex: o-zhi-ha ki-pi ka-xe (óžiha kíppi káγe) - he
filled the bag [JOD]
►
ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ miⁿ di-ze naⁿ ta-i-ta o-naⁿ a-taⁿ
di-ba-xe naⁿ o-zhi-ha o-knaⁿ kaⁿ-niⁿ-kʰe (kóišǫ́ttą mį dizé ną
ttáitta oną attą dibáxe ną óžiha okną ką́-nįkʰé) - then
he grabbed one, held it by the neck and broke it, then put it in
a bag [JOD]
►
ex: wa-x’o zhi-ka niⁿ-kʰe wa-ba-tʰe o-zhi-ha niⁿ-kʰe
kdi-ze naⁿ ma-shtiⁿ-ke o-ki-te de, i-ya (waxʔóžiká nįkʰe wabátʰe
óžiha nįkʰe kdíze ną maštį́ke okítte dé, iyá) - the old
woman took her sewing bag and went to look for rabbit, it is
said (they say) [JOD)]
►
ex: ki-ba-hi a-taⁿ wa-ba-tʰe o-zhi-ha niⁿ-kʰe o-ki-zhi
maⁿ-niⁿ niⁿ, i-ya (kibáhi-attą́ wabátʰe óžiha nįkʰé okíži mą́nį
nį́, iyá) - she walked around picking up the pieces,
filling her sewing bag, they say [JOD]
►
ex: wa-x’o zhi-ka niⁿ wa-ba-tʰe o-zhi-ha niⁿ-kʰe ki-k’iⁿ
kde, i-ya (waxʔóžiká nį wabátʰe óžiha nįkʰe kikʔį́ kdé, iyá)
- the old woman carried her sewing bag upon her back and went
homeward, it is said (they say) [JOD]
►
ex: o-zhi-ha niⁿ-kʰe ba-po a-kdaⁿ niⁿ (óžiha nįkʰé bapó
akdą́ nį) - she emptied the bag/placed the cv. ob./the
moving one [JOD]
►
Dhegiha: u-zhi-ha (úzhiha) - bag, sack
[Omaha/Ponca]; u-zhi-ha (úzhi ha) - bag, gunny
sack, burlap bag [Omaha]; u-zhi-ha (újiha) - bag,
pouch, sack [JOD-Omaha]; u-zhu-ha (ú-zhu-ha),
o-zho-ha (ó-zho-ha) - a sack or bag [FL-Osage];
o-zhu-ha (óožuhaa) - bag, sack, pouch made of hide or
leather, literally, skin into which to put stuff [CQ-Osage];
o-zhu-ha (ozhuha)
- pouch [Kaw]
pound
►
ga-ko-ke (gákkoke) - pound
►
ka-ko-ke (kakkóke) - beat a drum
►
a-ko-ke (ákkoke) - I, da-ko-ke (dákkoke)
- you
►
cf. ka (ka) - by striking; ba-ko-ke
(bakkóke) - drum, thump as on a door; bi-ko-ke
(bikkóke) - drum on something with palm; naⁿ-ko-ke
(nąkkóke) - drum on ground or floor with feet;
po-ko-ke (pókkoke) - rumbling from shooting against
►
Dhegiha: ga-ku-ge (ga-k͓ú-ge) - to make a hollow
sound by hitting a cube, box or some other hollow object or by
striking wood or a floor [JOD-Omaha]; ga-ʰko-ge (ga-ḳó-ge)
- a thud or heavy sound caused by dropping a stick [FL-Osage];
ga-ko-ge (gakóge)
- hit, beat, as a drum, to beat on [Kaw]
►
Dhegiha: ku-ge (kúge) - box, drum [Omaha];
ʰku-ge (ḳu-gé) - sound of a drum when beaten [FL-Osage];
ko-ge (kogé) - hollow sound, like a drum; make a
hollow sound [Kaw]
pound something in a mortar
►
pʰe (pʰe) - pound something in a mortar
►
a-pʰe (apʰé) - I, da-pʰe (dapʰé) -
you, oⁿ-pʰa-we (ǫpʰáwe) - we
►
cf. wa-pʰe (wapʰé) - pound or grind corn in a
mortar
►
ex: a-pʰe a-taⁿ wa-ske pa-xa-taⁿ bda-tʰe e-shoⁿ a-ni-he
(ápʰe áttą wáske ppaγá-ttą bdatʰé ešǫ́ aníhe) - I
pounded and made bread and I ate it [JOD]
►
Dhegiha: he (he) - to pound [JOD-Omaha];
pshe (pshe) - to pound corn into fine meal [FL-Osage];
pshe (pšé) - pound [CQ-Osage]; phe (phé)
- pound in a mortar, as corn or wheat [Kaw]
pound, lb
►
i-ski-ke ka-xe (ískike káγe) - pound, lit. “makes
weight”
►
cf. i (i) - with which to; ski-ke (skíke)
- heavy, heavy weight; ka-xe (káγe) - make, do,
cause; ski-ke miⁿ-xti (skíke mįxti) - one pound, 1
lb; ski-ke o-skaⁿ-ska (skíke oską́ska) - one half
pound, 1/2 lb; ski-ke k’iⁿ (skíke kʔį) - carry a
heavy load
►
Dhegiha: ski-ge (skíge) - heavy [Omaha/Ponca];
ski-ge (skige) - heavy [Omaha]; ski-ge (skí-ge)
- heavy [JOD-Omaha]; ski-ge (çkí-ge) -
heavy [FL-Osage]; ski-ke (skíke) - heavy, tired,
weighted down, heavily laden [CQ-Osage]; skiⁿ-ge (skíⁿge)
- be heavy [Kaw]
pound, 1/2 lb
►
ski-ke o-skaⁿ-ska (skíke oską́ska) - one half
pound, 1/2 lb
►
cf. ski-ke (skíke) - heavy, heavy weight;
o-skaⁿ-ska (oskąská) - half (in length), middle;
i-ski-ke ka-xe (ískike káγe) - pound, lit. “makes
weight”; ski-ke miⁿ-xti (skíke mįxti) - one pound,
1 lb; ski-ke k’iⁿ (skíke kʔį) - carry a heavy load
►
Dhegiha: ski-ge (skíge) - heavy [Omaha/Ponca];
ski-ge (skige) - heavy [Omaha]; ski-ge (skí-ge)
- heavy [JOD-Omaha]; ski-ge (çkí-ge) -
heavy [FL-Osage]; ski-ke (skíke) - heavy, tired,
weighted down, heavily laden [CQ-Osage]; skiⁿ-ge (skíⁿge)
- be heavy [Kaw]
►
Dhegiha: o-skoⁿ-ska (o-çkóⁿ çka), u-skoⁿ-ska
(u-çkóⁿ-çka) - center, directly in the center of, in the
middle [FL-Osage]; o-ʰkoⁿ-ska (o-ḳóⁿ-çka),
u-ʰkoⁿ-ska (u-ḳóⁿ-çka) - the center, middle [FL-Osage];
o-ʰkaⁿ-ska (oʰką́ska) - in the center, middle, at
the halfway point [CQ-Osage]; o-kaⁿ-ska (okáⁿska)
- one half in length or quantity, the middle one, in the middle,
a half dollar, fifty cents [Kaw]
pound, 1 lb
►
ski-ke miⁿ-xti (skíke mįxti) - one pound, 1 lb
►
cf. ski-ke (skíke) - heavy, heavy weight;
miⁿ-xti (mį́xti) - one; ski-ke o-skaⁿ-ska (skíke
oską́ska) - one half pound, 1/2 lb; i-ski-ke ka-xe
(ískike káγe) - pound, lit. “makes weight”; ski-ke
k’iⁿ (skíke kʔį) - carry a heavy load
►
Dhegiha: ski-ge (skíge) - heavy [Omaha/Ponca];
ski-ge (skige) - heavy [Omaha]; ski-ge (skí-ge)
- heavy [JOD-Omaha]; ski-ge (çkí-ge) -
heavy [FL-Osage]; ski-ke (skíke) - heavy, tired,
weighted down, heavily laden [CQ-Osage]; skiⁿ-ge (skíⁿge)
- be heavy [Kaw]
►
Dhegiha: wiⁿ-a-xchi (wiⁿáqchi) - exactly one; just
one [Omaha/Ponca]; wiⁿ-a-xchi (wiⁿ-á-qtci) - just
one; one [JOD-Omaha]; wiⁿ-xtsi (wiⁿ́-xtsi) - one
of a kind, a single piece [FL-Osage]; wiⁿ-xtsi (wį́xci)
- one, a, an [CQ-Osage]; miⁿ-xtsi (míⁿxci) - one,
just one [Kaw]
pound, grind corn in a mortar
►
wa-pʰe (wapʰé) - pound or grind corn in a mortar
►
a-wa-pʰe (awápʰe) - I, wa-da-pʰe (wadápʰe)
- you
►
cf. pʰe (pʰe) - pound something in a mortar
►
Dhegiha: wa-he (wahé) - to pound something, to
pound corn or meat (pemmican) [Omaha/Ponca]; wa-pshe
(waphé) - meal (as ground seed) [Kaw]
pound, pulverize
►
ka-taⁿ-ha (kattą́ha) - pound, pulverize
►
a-taⁿ-ha (áttąha) - I, da-taⁿ-ha (dáttąha)
- you
►
cf. ka (ka) - by striking, by action of wind or
water; ba-taⁿ-ha (battą́ha) - pulverize;
bi-taⁿ-ha (bittą́ha) - crush, pulverize; da-taⁿ-ha
(dattą́ha) - chew very fine; di-taⁿ-ha (dittą́ha)
- turn crank as on a handmill; wa-di-taⁿ-ha (wadíttąha)
- cornmeal; wa-di-taⁿ-ha wa-ske (wadíttąha waské)
- cornbread; naⁿ-taⁿ-ha (nąttą́ha) - crush with
feet, trample to bits; pa-taⁿ-ha (páttąha) - cut
up very fine, as tobacco; po-taⁿ-ha (póttąha) -
pulverize by punching/shooting; ta-taⁿ-ha (táttąha)
- burn to ashes, burn up
pounding, mortar for pounding corn
►
ho-te (hótte), ho-de (hóde) - mortar for pounding
corn
►
cf. ho-te pʰa (hótte pʰá) - pestle
►
Dhegiha: ho-we (hó-we), ho-e (hó-e) - morter,
coffee mill, gristmill, the morter is made out of a piece of
wood hollowed out by burning, the lower part is cut down and
sharpened for thrusting into the ground to hold the mortar in
place [FL-Osage]; ho-we (hówe) - mortar, grinder,
mill [CQ-Osage]; ho-we (hówe) - mortar, grinder,
usually made of elm or mulberry [Kaw]; ho-phe (hophé)
- mortar of gouged out wood [Kaw]
pour out, empty something
►
ka-xtaⁿ (kaxtą́) - pour out, empty something
►
a-xtaⁿ (áxtą) - I, da-xtaⁿ (dáxtą) -
you
►
cf. a-ka-xtaⁿ (ákaxtą) - pour water on, baptize;
di-xtaⁿ (dixtą́) - pull at, pull over, upset;
naⁿ-xtaⁿ (nąxtą́) - kick over, spill
►
ex: a-shi-ti a-niⁿ a-taⁿ ka-xtaⁿ (ášitti anį́ hi áttą
kaxtą́) - she took it outside and poured it out [JOD]
►
ex: wa-di-si, ka-xtaⁿ, a-shi-ti aniⁿ hi a-taⁿ ka-xtaⁿ
(wadisí, kaxtą́, ašítti anį́ hi attą́ kaxtą́) - throw it
away, pour it out, take it outside and pour it out! [JOD]
►
ex: a-shi-ti ka-xta-i ke o-ki-te a-taⁿ i-de-ki-de naⁿ
da-tʰe kaⁿ-niⁿ-kʰe (ášitti kaxtąi ke okítte áttą ídekidé ną
datʰé ką́-nįkʰé) - the things (food) that were poured
outside, she searched for them and she found/saw them, so she
sat awhile eating [JOD]
►
Dhegiha: pe ni a-ga-xtoⁿ (péni agaxtoⁿ) - baptize,
anoint [Omaha]; xtoⁿ (qtoⁿ) - drip, pour
[Omaha/Ponca]; thi-xtoⁿ (thixtoⁿ) - drain [Omaha];
ni ga-xtoⁿ (ní-ga-xtoⁿ) - to pour water, to spill
water [FL-Osage]; wa-ga-xtoⁿ (wagáxtoⁿ) - the act
of pouring water [FL-Osage]; o-ka-xtaⁿ (okáxtą),
o-ka-xta (okáxta) - pour or dump out [CQ-Osage];
thi-xtaⁿ (ðixtą́) - pour, draw water or run water
[CQ-Osage]; ga-xtaⁿ (gaxtáⁿ) - pour out, empty
out, throw out dirt [Kaw]; xtaⁿ (xtáⁿ) - leak in,
drip out, empty out, spill [Kaw]
pour water on, baptize
►
a-ka-xtaⁿ (ákaxtą) - pour water on, baptize
►
a-a-ka-xtaⁿ (áakaxtą) - I, a-da-ka-xtaⁿ
(ádakaxtą) - you, oⁿ-ka-ka-xtaⁿ-we (ǫkákaxtąwe)
- we
►
cf. a (a) - on, upon; ka-xtaⁿ (kaxtą́)
- pour out, empty something; di-xtaⁿ (dixtą́) -
pull at, pull over, upset; naⁿ-xtaⁿ (nąxtą́) -
kick over, spill
►
ex: a-ka-xtaⁿ (ákaxtą) - threw on [JOD]
►
Dhegiha: pe ni a-ga-xtoⁿ (péni agaxtoⁿ) - baptize,
anoint [Omaha]; xtoⁿ (qtoⁿ) - drip, pour
[Omaha/Ponca]; thi-xtoⁿ (thixtoⁿ) - drain [Omaha];
ni ga-xtoⁿ (ní-ga-xtoⁿ) - to pour water, to spill
water [FL-Osage]; wa-ga-xtoⁿ (wagáxtoⁿ) - the act
of pouring water [FL-Osage]; o-ka-xtaⁿ (okáxtą),
o-ka-xta (okáxta) - pour or dump out [CQ-Osage];
thi-xtaⁿ (ðixtą́) - pour, draw water or run water
[CQ-Osage]; ga-xtaⁿ (gaxtáⁿ) - pour out, empty
out, throw out dirt [Kaw]; xtaⁿ (xtáⁿ) - leak in,
drip out, empty out, spill [Kaw]
powder, baby powder
►
shi-zhi-ka a-ka-kaⁿ (šižíka ákakką) - baby powder
[MS]
►
cf. shi-zhi-ka (šižíka) - baby, infant, child;
a-ka-kaⁿ (ákakką) - sprinkle powder on
powder, gunpowder
►
si-di (sidí) - gunpowder
►
cf. si-di i-bi-xtaⁿ (sidí íbixtą) - tattoo marks,
rubbed in with gunpowder
powder, sprinkle powder on
►
a-ka-kaⁿ (ákakką) - sprinkle powder on
►
cf. a-ka-ch’e-ch’e (ákačʔéčʔe) - drip onto an
object, drop by drop; a-ka-sti (ákasti) - sprinkle
once on; a-ka-ta (ákatta) - splash; make spray
fall on one accidentally by hitting the water; a-ka-xtaⁿ
(ákaxtą) - pour water on, baptize; a-ka-xtaⁿ-xtaⁿ
(ákaxtąxtą) - sprinkle repeatedly
►
ex: shi-zhi-ka a-ka-kaⁿ (šižíka ákakką) - baby
powder [MS]
power of winter
►
sni-wa-te (sniwátte) - power of winter (male)
►
sni-wa-te (sníwatte) - north, winter
►
sni-wa-te (sníwatte) - north [MS]
►
sni-wa-te (sníwatte) - cold, cold weather [MS, AG]
►
sni-wa-te (sníwatte) - winter [FR, OM]
►
cf. sni (sni) - cold, to be cold; sni-tʰe
(snítʰe) - cold; ka-sni-sni (kasnísni) -
autumn, “blows cold on and off”; ni-sni (nisní) -
spring, lit. “cold water”; sni-tʰe zho-ka-te (snítʰe
žókkatte) - to have chills and fever
►
ex: sni-wa-te hi (sníwatte hi) - very cold [MS]
►
ex: sni-wa-te hi pa-de taⁿ (sníwatte hi páde ttą)
- cold, winter time [MS]
►
ex: a-shi sni-wa-te (áši sníwatté) - cold outside
[AG]
►
ex: sni-wa-te kdi ta (sníwatte kdi tta) - fall
season (winter going to come) [MS]
►
ex: sni-wa-te kdi ta tʰe (sníwatte kdi tta tʰe) -
fall season (winter going to come) [MS]
►
ex: sni-wa-te o-skaⁿ-ska (sniwáte oską́ska) -
month in the Quapaw lunar calendar, early Winter, precedes
pa-de o-skaⁿ-ska (páde oską́ska)
►
Dhegiha: hni-wa-ʰtse (hní-wa-ṭse), ni-wa-tse
(ní-wa-tse) - to be cold, cold weather, a cold day, it
is cold [FL-Osage]; ni-wa-ʰtse (níwaʰce) - (be)
cold (an impersonal weather expression, not used for people
[CQ-Osage]; hni-wa-tse (hníwace) - cold, as the
weather; winter, the cold months [Kaw]
►
Dhegiha: sni-te (s͓níte) - to be cold: said of
persons, feeling cold [JOD-Omaha]; zni-tʰe (znítʰe)
- to be cold (said of humans) [Omaha/Ponca]; hni-ʰtse
(hní-ṭse) - cold [FL-Osage]; ni-ʰtse (níʰce)
- be cold, feel cold [CQ-Osage]; hni-tse (hníce) -
to be cold, as a person or animal [Kaw]
power, will power
►
wa-zhiⁿ (wažį́) - disposition, will power, will,
mind, idea, volition
►
cf. wa-zhiⁿ de-da-zhi (wažį́ dédaži) - to lose
patience; wa-zhiⁿ shi-ke (wažį́ šíke) - mean, bad
thoughts, hateful, spiteful; wa-zhiⁿ ska (wa-jĭ́ⁿ-skă)
- masculine name “White Disposition, Wise” [JOD]
►
Dhegiha: wa-zhiⁿ (wa-jíⁿ) - disposition, temper,
mind [JOD-Omaha]; wa-zhiⁿ (wazhiⁿ) - will power
[Omaha]; wa-zhiⁿ (wa-zhíⁿ) - own will, volition
[FL-Osage]; wa-zhiⁿ (wažį́) - will, mind, idea
[CQ-Osage]
powerfull, all powerful
►
wa-shkaⁿ taⁿ-ka (wašką́ttąka) - powerful, all
powerful
►
a-wa-shkaⁿ taⁿ-ka (awáškąttąka) - I,
da-wa-shkaⁿ taⁿ-ka (dawáškąttąka) - you
►
wa-shkaⁿ taⁿ-ka (wa-ckáⁿ táñ-k͓a) - All Powerfull;
a nickname of te zhi-ka (tejik͓a) of the Buffalo
gens [JOD]
►
cf. wa-shkaⁿ (wašką́) - strong, be strong, with an
effort, all one’s might; taⁿ-ka (ttą́ka) - big,
large; wa-shkaⁿ-hi (wašką́hi), wa-shkoⁿ-hi
(waškǫ́hi) - hard, with great effort; wa-shkoⁿ-hi
a-ki-di-taⁿ (waškǫ́hi ákkidittą́) - to pull hard on;
wa-shkaⁿ-hi ka-xe (wašką́hi káγe) - strengthen, make
strong
►
Dhegiha: wa-shkoⁿ toⁿ-ga (washkoⁿ toⁿga) - strong,
stout, brawn, mighty [Omaha]; wa-shkaⁿ taⁿ-ga (wa-ckáⁿ
t͓añ-ga) - to be strong [JOD-Omaha]; wa-shkoⁿ
ʰtoⁿ-ga (wa-shkóⁿ ṭoⁿ-ga)
- great strength [FL-Osage]; wa-shkaⁿ ʰtaⁿ-ka
(waašką́ʰtąka) - strong, having great strength
[CQ-Osage]
►
Dhegiha: wa-shkaⁿ (wa-ckaⁿ) - to make an effort or
attempt; to persevere; an effort, attempt [JOD-Omaha];
wa-shkoⁿ (washkoⁿ) - energy [Omaha]; wa-shkoⁿ
(wa-shkóⁿ) - strength, might, force, power, to struggle
hard, effort, to make an effort [FL-Osage]; wa-shkaⁿ
(waašką́) - try hard, do one’s best, make an effort,
struggle, strength, might, force, power [CQ-Osage];
wa-shkaⁿ (washkáⁿ) - try, do one’s best, make an effort
[Kaw]
prairie
►
te-xe (ttéγe) - prairie
►
te-xe (tteγé) - prairie - hollow [JOD]
►
Dhegiha: te-xe (t͓e-xĕ́) - a marshy place on high
land, an upland marsh; the K. meaning is somewhat different: any
level, whether highland or lowland, destitute of timber
[JOD-Omaha]; ʰtse-xe (ṭsexé) - the open prairie
[FL-Osage]; tse-ghe (ceghé) - flood plain, level
ground without trees [Kaw]
prairie hen
►
sho taⁿ-ka (šo ttą́ka) - prairie hen, pinnated
grouse
►
Dhegiha: shu (shú) - prairie-hen, prairie chicken
[Omaha/Ponca]; shu (shu) - prairie chicken; lesser
chicken [Omaha]; shu taⁿga (shútaⁿga) - prairie
chicken, quail [Kaw]
prance, make a horse prance
►
zha-koi-naⁿ-na ka-xe (žakkóinąną́ kaγé) - make a
horse prance
►
cf. zha-ka i-naⁿ-naⁿ (žakká iną́ną), zha-koi-naⁿ-naⁿ
(žakkoinąną) - jump, make sudden leaps; i-naⁿ-naⁿ
(iną́ną) - unsteady, ungainly; ka-xe (káγe)
- make, do, cause; zha-koi-de (žakkóide),
(žakoide) - jump; zha-ka i-de (žákka íde),
zha-koi-de (žakóide) - jump a rope
►
ex: o-za taⁿ maⁿ-shi zha-koi-de taⁿ (óža tą mą́ši žakóide
tą) - when he danced, he leaped high [JOD]
pray
►
maⁿ-shi o-ki niⁿ-kʰe (mą́ši okkí nįkʰé) - pray
(he/she is praying) [MS]
►
cf. maⁿ-shi (mąší) - upper, upward, heaven;
o-ki (okkí), o-ki-e (okkie), o-ke (okké), o-kye (okye) -
speak, talk with one; niⁿ-kʰe (nįkʰé) -
continuative aux sitting
►
ex: maⁿ-shi o-ki (mą́ši okkí), mo-sho-ki
(móšokki) - Christian, lit. “talks on high”
►
ex: maⁿ-shi o-ki o-ti (mą́ši okkí ótti) - church,
“house to talk above”
►
Dhegiha: maⁿ-shi (máⁿ-ci) - above; high in the air
(with no connection between the object and the ground)
[JOD-Omaha]; moⁿ-shi (móⁿ-shi) - up above, the
arch of heaven, zenith [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-shi (mą́ši)
- be upward or upright [CQ-Osage]; maⁿ-shi (máⁿshi)
- high up, as the sun in the sky [Kaw]
►
Dhegiha: wa-goⁿ-ze wa-koⁿ-du-kʰi-e (wagóⁿze wakóⁿdukʰíe)
- minister, missionary, “teacher who talks to God”
[Omaha/Ponca]; u-ki-e (u-kí-e) - to speak or talk
with [JOD-Omaha]; u-ki-ye (ukiye) - talk with,
talk to [Omaha]; u-ʰki-e (u-ḳí-e) - to speak or to
talk to one another, to hold an interview [FL-Osage];
o-ʰki-e (oʰkíe) - get together, meeting of a group of
people to converse [CQ-Osage]; o-ʰki-e (oʰkíe),
o-ʰki (oʰkí) - call on the phone, converse with,
interview, talk with or to [CQ-Osage]; o-ki-e (okíe) -
speak to, talk to [Kaw]
►
wa-ta (wattá) - pray
►
a-wa-ta (awattá) - I, da-wa-ta (dawattá)
- you
►
wa-ta (wattá) - pray [MS, OM]
►
ex: da-wa-ta maⁿ-shi (dawattá mąší) - pray for up
(you pray to heaven) [MS]
►
ex: “ni-kshi-ka za-ni hi taⁿ-we-ni-he,” i-ki-wa-ta-ta
tʰaⁿ, i-ya-we, wa-kda-ti-ti tʰą́, i-ya-we (“níkkašíka zaní hi
tą́we-nihe,” íkiwattátta tʰą́, iyáwe, wákdattítti tʰą́, iyáwe)
- “everyone, you’ll look at him!” he cried aloud often, they
say, he told them often, to look at him, they say [JOD]
►
Dhegiha: wa-na (waná) - begging [Omaha/Ponca];
wa-na (wána) - beg [Omaha]; wa-na (wa-ná)
- begging [JOD-Omaha]; wa-da (wa-dá) - speaking;
to solicit; to petition [FL-Osage]; wa-ta (waatá)
- pray, pray for someone or something; ask a favor, request
something, solicit, petition, or beg for something from someone;
grace (as said at mealtime), prayer of any kind [CQ-Osage];
wa-da (wadá) - beg, ask for something, to pray, to
petition someone [Kaw]
►
Dhegiha: na (na) - ask, beg demand [Omaha/Ponca];
na (na) - to ask or beg for any object; to demand
[JOD-Omaha]; da (da) - to ask for; beg; request;
solicit [FL-Osage]; ta (tá) - ask for, request
[CQ-Osage]; da (da) - ask for, beg, demand,
request [Kaw]
precedes, think what precedes
►
i-niⁿ-aⁿ (ínįą́) - think (what precedes)
►
i-bniⁿ-aⁿ (íbnįą́) - I, i-tiⁿ-aⁿ (íttįą́)
- you
►
cf. i-di-kdaⁿ (ídikdą), i-di-knaⁿ (ídikną) -
think, decide, form an opinion, plan; thoughtfully, deliberately
►
ex: shoⁿ-ke-a-kniⁿ a-ni a-shi tʰaⁿ, i-bniⁿ-aⁿ (šǫ́keaknį
áni áši tʰą́, íbnįą́) - I think the horse is standing on
the hill
►
ex: i-tiⁿ-aⁿ (íttįą́) - you think [JOD]
►
ex: i-niⁿ-aⁿ (inįą́) - he thought it [JOD]
►
ex: ma-shtiⁿ-ke niⁿ-kʰe, “bde ta miⁿ-kʰe,” i-niⁿ-aⁿ i-ya
(maštį́ke nįkʰé, “bdé tta mįkʰé,” inįą́ iyá) - the
rabbit thought, “I will go,” it is said (they say) [JOD]
►
ex: i-we-niⁿ-aⁿ (iwénįą́) - he thought about them
[JOD]
►
ex: ni-ka-shi-ka-we i-we-niⁿ-aⁿ taⁿ-ha, i-ya (níkkašíka-we
iwénįą́ tą́ha, iyá) - because he thought it was the
people, it is said (they say) [JOD]
►
ex: i-niⁿ-aⁿ-we (inįą́we) - they
thought [JOD]
►
ex: haⁿ-ka e-zhiⁿ-ke ha kʰe o-di-shto-te o-ba-haⁿ a-taⁿ
ma-xi-wa-de tʰaⁿ i-ya-we, haⁿ-ka e-zhiⁿ-ke i-niⁿ-aⁿ-we ke
i-ya-we, ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-tʰaⁿ i-ya-we (hą́ka ežį́ke há kʰe
odíštotte obáhą attą́ maγíwadé tʰą́ iyáwe, hą́ka ežį́ke etʰą́
inįą́we ké iyáwé, maštį́ke etʰą́ iyáwe) - he skinned
Haⁿ-ka’s son, put on his skin and tricked them, they thought
that rabbit was Haⁿ-ka’s son, they say [JOD]
preceding, to have said the preceding to one or one another
►
i-ke-ye (ikéye) - to have said something to
someone
►
i-da-a-ki-he-ye (idáakihéye) - I,
i-da-da-ki-she-ye (idádakišéye) - you, i-ke-ya-we
(íkeyáwe) - they
►
cf. i-ke (iké) - say (the preceding) to someone;
ye (ye), e (e) - past suffix
►
ex: i-ke-ya-we (íkeyáwe) - they said the preceding
to one, one another [JOD]
►
ex: e-shoⁿ, “hoⁿ da-tʰaⁿ-she,” i-ke-ya-we, i-ya (ešǫ́,
“hǫ́ datʰą́še,” íkeyáwe, iyá) - then, the others said to
him, “what is the matter with you?” it is said [JOD]
►
ex: “ma-shtiⁿ-ke tʰi e-de ma-shtiⁿ-ke tʰi e-de,”
i-ke-ya-we niⁿ, i-ya (“maštį́ke tʰi edé maštį́ke tʰi edé,”
íkeyáwe nį́, iyá) - “the rabbit has come! the rabbit has
come!” they (black bears) said to one another, it is said (they
say) [JOD]
►
ex: “hau ma-shtiⁿ-ke o-da-ke tʰi i-ye,” i-ke-ya-we niⁿ,
i-ya (“hau maštį́ke odáke tʰí iyé,” íkeyáwe nį́, iyá) -
“ho, the rabbit says that he has come to tell us news,” they
(black bears) said to one another, it is said (they say) [JOD]
preceding, to say the preceding to someone
►
i-ke (iké) - say (the preceding) to someone
►
i-da-a-ki-he (idáakihé) - I, i-da-da-ki-she
(idádakišé) - you
►
i-ke (iké) - said the preceding
[JOD]
►
ex: i-da-a-ki-he (idáakihé) - I said it to him
[JOD]
►
ex: aⁿ-naⁿ-da-ki-she (ąną́dakišé) - you say it to
me [JOD]
►
ex: aⁿ-naⁿ-da-ki-sha (ąną́dakiša!) - you say it to
me! [JOD]
►
ex: i-ke niⁿ (iké nį) - he/she was saying it to
her/him [JOD]
►
ex: “wa-sa ti-kde ke ta e-ti te na-ha,” i-ke i-ya e-kaⁿ
niⁿ-kʰe (“wasá ttikdé ke tta étti tté nahá,” iké iyá eką́ nįkʰe)
- “do not go to the village of the black bears!”
his grandmother said to him, it is said (they say) [JOD]
►
ex: “wa-x’o to-wa ti-kde ha-ki i-da-we,” i-ke (“waxʔó tówa
ttíkde hakí idáwe,” iké) - “where have the four women
that live together gone too?” he said to her [JOD]
►
ex: “ha-ki i-da-we i-ba-haⁿ miⁿ-kʰe,” shi-naⁿ i-ke (“hakí
idáwe íbahąží mįkʰé,” šíną iké) - “I don’t know where
they went,” she said to him again [JOD]
►
ex: “wi-ti-kaⁿ na-xnaⁿ ki-knaⁿ,” i-ke (“wittiką naxną́
kíkną́,” iké) - my grandfather hide me (your relation),
she said to him [JOD]
►
ex: “na-xnaⁿ da-ki-knaⁿ koⁿ-bda wi-ti-kaⁿ,” i-ke (“naxną́
dakikną kkǫbdá wittiką́,” iké) - my grandfather, I want
you to hide me (your relation), she said to him [JOD]
►
ex: “o-do-tʰe aⁿ-di-xe niⁿ e-de, wi-ti-kaⁿ,” i-ke (“ódotʰe
ądíxe nį edé, wittiką́,” iké) - my grandfather, the man
eater is chasing me, she said to him [JOD]
►
ex: “wi-ti-kaⁿ, wa-x’o miⁿ de-do i-hi naⁿ i-da-de hoⁿ-zhi
ae,” i-ke (“wittiką́, waxʔó mį dédo íhi ną ídade hǫži ae,” iké)
- “my grandfather, did you not see a woman that arrived here?”
he said to him [JOD]
►
ex: aⁿ-naⁿ-ke (ąną́ke) - he said it to me [JOD]
►
Dhegiha: e-ge (egé) - to say something to one,
against another; to say it to one, in addressing him; used as a
strong assertion, either in affimation or in denial [JOD-Omaha];
e-ge (ége) - to say so, to say that [Kaw]
►
Dhegiha: e-ʰki-ge (e-ḳí-ge) - to say to one
another [FL-Osage]; e-gi-ge (égige), e-gi-gi-he (égigihe)
- say anything to another [Kaw]
preceding, to say the preceding to them
►
i-we-ki (iwéki), i-we-ke (iwéke) - to say the
preceding to them [JOD]
►
ex: i-we-a-ki-he (iwéakihé atʰąhé) - I tell the
preceding to them, I am standing here telling this [JOD]
►
ex: i-we-ki (iwéki) - he said the
preceding to them [JOD]
►
ex: “ka-hi-ke taⁿ-ka t’e-di-ki-de ni-kʰa-she shoⁿ-te
niⁿ-kʰe she iⁿ,” i-we-ki taⁿ we-kda-sa, i-ya (“kahíke ttą́ka
tʔédikidé nikʰáše šǫté nįkʰe šé į,” iwéki tą wékdasá, iyá)
- “you’all whose principal chief has been killed, here are the
testicles,” he (rabbit) said to them (black bears), when he
(rabbit) whipped them with it (their chief’s testicles), it is
said (they say)
►
ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ kaⁿ-iⁿ kda-i taⁿ, “hoⁿ-pe i-maⁿ-ta
ma-sa-ni ki-di-shto-ta-i ni-he,” i-we-ki niⁿ i-ya ni-kaⁿ-saⁿ
(kóišǫ́ttą ką́į kdá-i tą, “hǫpé imą́tta masáni kidíštotá-i
nihé,” iwéki nį́ iyá nikkąsą́) - then/just as they
started home/when/shoe/other one/on one side/pull ye it off from
her/he was saying it to them/it is said/police [JOD]
►
ex: i-we-ke (iwéke) - said the
preceding to them; he said it to them [JOD]
►
ex: “haⁿ-ba o-taⁿ-ka hi taⁿ o-da-kda-x’a-x’a ta-i,”
i-we-ke i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“hą́ba otą́ka hi ttą́ odákdaxʔáxʔa
taí,” iwéke iyá maštį́ke) - “as soon as day arrives,
you’all will give the scalp yell,” rabbit said to them, it is
said (they say) [JOD]
►
ex: “hoⁿ, a-tʰi o-wi-ki-bda-ke a-tʰi,” i-we-ke i-ya
ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“hǫ, atʰí ówikibdáke atʰí,” iwéke iyá maštį́ke)
- “yes, I have come, I have come to tell you something,” the
rabbit said to them, it is said (they say) [JOD]
►
ex: “hoⁿ, o-wi-ki-bda-ke tai miⁿ-kʰe,” i-we-ke i-ya
ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“hǫ, ówikibdáke taí mįkʰé,” iwéke iyá maštį́ke)
- the rabbit said, “yes, I will tell you’all” it is said (they
say) [JOD]
►
ex: “wa-sa ka-hi-ke taⁿ-ka niⁿ-kʰe ni-ka-shi-ka zho-hi hi
e-ti hi-wi naⁿ t’e-da-we i-ya,” i-we-ke i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke niⁿ-kʰe
(“wasá kahíke ttą́ka nįkʰe níkkašíka žóhi hi étti híwi ną́
tʔédawé iyá,” iwéke iyá maštį́ke nįkʰe) - “they say that
a great many people went there and they killed the black bear
principal chief,” the rabbit said to them, it is said (they say)
[JOD]
►
ex: “di-xa a-taⁿ t’e-da-we,” i-we-ke i-ya (“dixá attą
tʔédawé,” iwéke iyá) - “chase him and kill him!” he said
to them, it is said (they say) [JOD]
►
ex: “e-ti-tʰaⁿ o-kda-x’a-x’a-we ka,” i-we-ke i-ya
ma-shtiⁿ-ke tʰaⁿ (“ettítʰą okdáxʔaxʔá-we ká,” iwéke iyá maštį́ke
tʰą) - “immediately afterward you must give the scalp
yell,” the rabbit said to them, it is said (they say) [JOD]
precious, The Only Precious or Difficult One
►
e-naⁿ mi te-xi (éną mi ttéxi) - female personal
name, The Only Precious, Difficult One [OM]
►
cf. e-naⁿ (éną) - only that, him, her, it;
o-te-xi (óttexi) - difficult to do; wa-te-xi
(wattéxi) - difficult, too much, too high a price
►
Dhegiha: e-hnaⁿ (e-hnáⁿ), e-naⁿ (é-naⁿ), e-na (ená)
- that only, he only, only he, alone, that alone, it alone, he
alone [JOD-Omaha]; e-noⁿ (é-noⁿ) - that only, only
one, alone, sole, exclusive, special [FL-Osage]; e-naⁿ
(éeną), e-na (éena), e-ʰna (éʰna) - he/she/it only, it
is only he/she/it [CQ-Osage]
►
Dhegiha: wiⁿ-te-xi (wiⁿtexi) - Sacred Female,
female name [Omaha]; miⁿ-ʰtse-xi (mįįʰcéxi) -
precious female, difficult female, stout daughter [CQ-Osage];
mi-tse-xi (mícexi) - Female Precious, Difficult to
Obtain, female name [Kaw]
►
Dhegiha: wiⁿ (wiⁿ) - a part of female names,
signifying “female” [JOD-Omaha]; wiⁿ (wiⁿ) -
woman, female, in names [Omaha/Ponca]; wiⁿ (wiⁿ) -
woman, female, in names [FL-Osage]; miⁿ (mí̜į)
- female [CQ-Osage]; mi (mi) - woman, female [Kaw]
►
Dhegiha: te-xi (téxi) - difficult, hard do
[Omaha]; te-xi (téqi) - difficult [JOD-Omaha];
ʰtse-xi (ʰcéxi) - sacred, precious, difficult
[CQ-Osage]
►
Dhegiha: wa-te-xi (watéxi) - difficult action with
a purpose, male name [Omaha]; wa-ʰtse-xi (wa-ṭsé-xi)
- difficult to destroy, to be tenacious of life, stingy,
ungenerous, not liberal, penurious [FL-Osage]; wa-ʰtse-xi
(waʰcéxi) - be difficult, hard, challenging, not easy to
do [CQ-Osage]
wa-tse-xi (wacéxi)
- be hard, difficult to endure, something difficult, be
difficult [Kaw]
precipitate
►
hi-de (híde) - precipitate, as rain or snow
►
hi-de (híde) - cause it to come [JOD]
►
ex: po-i-de (poíde) - snowing; po (po)
- snow + hi-de (híde) - precipitate
►
ex: ni-zhi hi-de (niži hide) - raining;
ni-zhi (niží) - rain + hi-de (híde) -
precipitate
►
ex: te-zhe zhi-ka hi-de (téže žíka híde) -
urinating/a little/caused it to come [JOD]
►
ex: te-zhe zhi-ka hi-de kaⁿ niⁿ-kʰe i-ya-we, o-do-tʰe
niⁿ-kʰe a-te-zhe naⁿ, i-ya-we (téže žíka híde ką́-nįkʰé iyáwe,
ódotʰe nįkʰé áteže ną, iyáwe) - as she sat awhile, she
urinated a little, they say, she urinated upon the man eater,
they say [JOD]
►
Dhegiha: hiu-the (hiu-the) - coming; to cause to
come [FL-Osage]; hu-the (húðe) - coming down,
falling; cause to come here, send here; come here; hand over,
hand to, pass to by hand or other means (e.g., food at the
table) [CQ-Osage]; hu-ye (húye) - relating to
weather: blowing, precipitating [Kaw]
►
Dhegiha: ba hiu-the (ba hiú-the) - ba,
snow; hiu-the, coming: snowstorm [FL-Osage];
pa hu-the (pá húðe) - snow, snowfall, snow coming
down, falling snow [CQ-Osage]; ba hu-ye (bahúye) -
to snow, be snowing [Kaw]
precociously, precocity
►
pi-’oⁿ (ppiʔǫ́) - do well, expresses precocity
►
pi-moⁿ (ppímǫ) - I, shpi-zhoⁿ (špížǫ)
- you
►
pi-aⁿ (ppią́) - know how, knew how [JOD]
►
pi-naⁿ (ppíną) - do well at something precociously
►
Dhegiha: ʰpi-oⁿ (p̣i-óⁿ) - expert, skillful
[FL-Osage]; ʰpi-oⁿ (ʰpíǫ) - know how to do
something; learn; be skilled at or expert in [CQ-Osage];
i-e pi-oⁿ (íe píoⁿ) - talk well, correctly [Kaw]
pregnant
►
wa-te-zo-knaⁿ (wattézokną), wa-te-ze o-knaⁿ (wattéze okną)
- pregnant
►
wa-te-zo-a-knaⁿ (wattézoákną) - I,
wa-te-zo-da-knaⁿ (wattézodakną) - you
►
wa-te-zo-knaⁿ (wattézokną́) - enceinte, pregnant
[JOD]
►
cf. wa (wa) - them, things, stuff; te-ze
(ttéze) - abdomen, belly, stomach, womb; o-knaⁿ
(okną́) - put into
►
ex: wa-x’o niⁿ-kʰe wa-te-zo-knaⁿ taⁿ kaⁿ niⁿ-kʰe (waxʔó
nįkʰé wattézokną́ tą ką́ nįkʰé) - the woman was pregnant
[JOD]
►
Dhegiha: wa-te-zu-gthaⁿ (wa-té-zu-g¢áⁿ) -
pregnant; to be pregnant [JOD-Omaha]
►
Dhegiha: wa-ʰtse-ze u-thiⁿ-ge (wa-ṭsé-çe u-thiⁿ-ge)
- pregnancy [FL-Osage]
►
Dhegiha: ʰtse-ze (ṭsé-çe) - abdomen; the belly
[FL-Osage]; ʰtse-ze (ʰcéze) - stomach, abdomen,
belly [CQ-Osage]; tse-ze (céze) - belly;
womb
[Kaw]
►
Dhegiha: u-gthaⁿ (ug¢áⁿ) - put in [JOD-Omaha];
u-gthoⁿ (u-gthoⁿ) - to put in, putting in, a place of
deposit, to inclose, in which to put, to thrust in, to put a
stake in a pile when gambling [FL-Osage]; o-laⁿ (oolą́)
- put into, place inside of, pour round items into, add items to
cooking, pour liquid into [CQ-Osage]; o-laⁿ (oláⁿ)
- put a sitting/inanimate object into something, to put a
curvilinear (wide rather than tall) object such as paper, a
book, a bandage, cloth, etc. within a receptacle [Kaw]
presently, in a while
►
e-koⁿ-te (ékǫtté) - in a while, presently; wait,
imperative
►
cf. gaⁿ (gą), kaⁿ (ką) - so; while; awhile
►
Dhegiha: gaⁿ-te (gáⁿte), (gáⁿ-tĕ) - for a while; a
long while; awhile, for some time [JOD-Omaha]
►
Dhegiha: gaⁿ (gaⁿ) - as, having, being; as, so;
still, nevertheless, at any rate; and, and then [JOD-Omaha]
►
e-koⁿ-te-he (ékǫttehé) - in a while, presently;
wait, imperative
►
e-koⁿ-te zhi-ka (ekǫ́tte žiká) - in a little
while, presently
►
Dhegiha: gaⁿ-te zhiⁿ-ka (gáⁿte-jiñ́ga) - a little
while; in or for a little while, for a short time [JOD-Omaha]
►
Dhegiha: gaⁿ (gaⁿ) - as, having, being; as, so;
still, nevertheless, at any rate; and, and then [JOD-Omaha]
President of the U.S.
►
i-ti-kaⁿ-da-we (ittíkądáwe) - President of the
U.S., lit. “they have him as a grandfather”
►
i-ti-kaⁿ-da-we (ittíkądáwe) - Preseident [MS]
►
cf. i-ti-kaⁿ-de (ittíkąde) - to have as a
grandfather; a-we (-awe), we (-we) -
pluralizer for verbs and noun phrases; i-ti-kaⁿ (ittíką),
e-ti-kaⁿ (eTíką) - grandfather, his or her grandfather
►
Dhegiha: i-ti-gaⁿ-tha-i (i-t͓í-gaⁿ-¢aí) - he whom
they have for a grandfather, the President of the U.S.
[JOD-Omaha]; ʰtsi-go a-bi wa-ʰtoⁿ-ga (ṭsí-go a-bi
wa-ṭoⁿ-ga) - grandfather to all, this is the Osage term
for President of the United States [FL-Osage];
i-ʰtsi-ko-a-pi (iʰcíkoapí) - President of the United
States, lit., “grandfather of all” [CQ-Osage];
i-tsi-go-ya-be (icígoyábe) - Washington, the President,
wi-tsi-go-ya-be (wicígoyábe) - possessive form,
lit., “we have him as our grandfather” [Kaw]
►
Dhegiha: i-ti-gaⁿ-the (i-t͓í-gaⁿ-¢ĕ) - to have one
for an i-ti-gaⁿ (i-t͓í-gaⁿ) [JOD-Omaha];
i-tsi-go-ye (icígoye) - to have for a grandfather, to
call someone i-tsi-go (icígo) [Kaw]
►
Dhegiha: i-ti-gaⁿ (i-t͓í-gaⁿ) - his or her
grandfather or father-in-law [JOD-Omaha]; i-ʰtsi-go
(i-ṭsí-go)
- grandfather, the term ʰtsi-go (ṭsi-go) is
applied to a father’s father, to his father, to a mother’s
father, to his brother, to a father-in-law, and to a wife’s
maternal uncle, it is also used as a term of reverence for God
and for natural objects, such as the sun, the morning star, the
dipper, Orion's belt, the pole star, and living objects whose
mysterious habits inspire in the Osage mind a feeling of
reverence for the Creator
[FL-Osage];
i-ʰtsi-ko (iʰcíko)
- his/her grandfather, his/her father-in-law [CQ-Osage];
i-tsi-go (icígo)
- his or her grandfather,
grandfather's father; great grandfather
[Kaw]
►
wa-jhi-ni ka-hi-ke (waǰíni kahike) - President;
Indian agent
►
wa-jhi-ni ga-hi-ge (waǰíni gahíge) - President,
Indian Agent [OM]
►
cf. wa-jhi-ni (waǰíni) - white people, white man,
white race [MS, MR, OM]; wa-jhi-ni (waǰíni) -
American; derived from “Virginia”; ka-hi-ke (kahíke),
ga-hi-ge (gahíge) - chief
►
Dhegiha: wa-dsi-ni (wá-dsi-ni) - a disease, a
malady [FL-Osage]; wa-tsʰi-ni (wácʰini), wa-tsi-ni-e
(wácinie) - probably from “Virginia” which may have been
used to mean “white man,” perhaps venereal disease was later
associated with wa-tsʰu (wacʰú) ‘copulate’ and
thus may have substituted tsʰ (ch) for ts
(c), giving the variants wa-tsʰi-ni (wácʰini)
and wa-tsi-ni-e (wácinie), Robert Rankin, personal
communication. Additionally, wa-tsi-ni-e (wácinie)
may contain or be influenced by ni-e (níe) ‘hurt’
[CQ-Osage]; wa-ji-ne (wáji ne) - disease, a malady
[Kaw]
►
Dhegiha: ga-hi-ge (gahíge) - Chief, male name
[JOD-Omaha]; ga-hi-ge (ga-hí-ge) - the great one,
the chief [FL-Osage]; ka-hi-ke (ka-hí-ke) - chief
[CQ-Osage]; ga-hi-ge (gahíge) - chief, leader,
ruler, be chief, rule over; JOD (reflecting his times): to rule
over, as a chief or U.S. agent does [Kaw]
press down on
►
a-bi-saⁿ-te-zhi (ábisąttéži) - press down on,
weight, hold down
►
a-bi-saⁿ-te a-zhi (ábisątte aži) - I,
a-bi-saⁿ-te da-zhi (ábisątte daži) - you,
a-bi-saⁿ-te oⁿ-zhi-we (ábisątte ǫžíwe) - we
►
cf. a-bi-saⁿ-te (ábisątte) - catch by pressing on;
hold down, e.g., on his back; lie on something; a-zhi
(áži) - put small scattered, inanimate objects onto
something; a-bi-saⁿ-te zhaⁿ (ábisątte žą́) - roll
over on something; throw oneself down on; o-bi-saⁿ-te
(obísątte) - pull something between two objects
►
Dhegiha: a-bi-soⁿ-dse (á-bi-çoⁿ-dse) - to press to
the ground [FL-Osage]; a-pi-saⁿ (ápisą) - mash,
push down on, shut, close, hold down [CQ-Osage];
a-bu-saⁿ-je (ábusaⁿje) - press down on with the hands,
as in catching a bird or rabbit; to press or bear hard on, as
with a chair leg; to run and jump on something, wrestle [Kaw];
a-ki-bu-saⁿ-je (ákíbusaⁿje) - to wrestle each
other [Kaw]
►
Dhegiha: a-ba-soⁿ-de (ábasoⁿde) - push, to push
together with the hand against something which is on something
else, as a pen on paper [Omaha/Ponca]; i-bi-soⁿ-de
(íbisóⁿde) - narrow, a narrow place, as a ledge at the
base of a cliff above a stream [Omaha/Ponca]; ba-soⁿ-de
(baçoⁿde) - crease, press together [Omaha];
u-bi-soⁿ-de (ubiçoⁿde) - compact, crowded [Omaha];
moⁿ-ze a-noⁿ-soⁿ-de (moⁿçe anoⁿçoⁿde) - brassiere
[Omaha]; soⁿ-soⁿ-de (çoⁿçoⁿde) - close together
[Omaha]; a-ba-soⁿ-dse (á-ba-çoⁿ-dse) - to push one
against a tree or a door, to lace up a shoe [FL-Osage];
a-thi-soⁿ-dse (á-thi-çoⁿ-dse) - to hold firmly between
the hands or fingers, to squeeze; to clasp one’s legs around a
horse when riding bareback, [FL-Osage]; i-noⁿ-soⁿ-dse
(í-noⁿ-çoⁿ-dse) - to take shelter behind someth, as
protection [FL-Osage]; a-ba-saⁿ-je (ábasaⁿje) -
push against something, as a door to keep it closed; have sex
with [Kaw]; a-ga-saⁿ-je (ágasaⁿje) - to make tight
by nailing on, as tarred paper on the inside of a house; nail
down tight [Kaw]; a-naⁿ-saⁿ-je (ánaⁿsáⁿje) - stamp
on something (to anchor it), to bring down the feet suddenly on
a paper, etc., to keep it from being blown away [Kaw];
a-ya-saⁿ-je (áyasaⁿje) - hold firmly with the teeth
[Kaw]; a-yu-saⁿ-je (áyusaⁿje) - clamp something,
hold firmly [Kaw]; iⁿ-yaⁿ-o-bu-saⁿ-je (iⁿyáⁿobusáⁿje)
- gorge, narrow defile with stream [Kaw]
►
Dhegiha: a-zhi (á-ji) - to spread a number of
small objects on [JOD-Omaha]; a-zhu (á-zhu) - to
put a number of articles on a rack [FL-Osage]; a-zhu (ážu)
- put out, set out multiple items, place, array, display
multiple items on top of something else; pour something on or
over another surface; put a portable substance on something else
[CQ-Osage]; a-zhu (ázhu) - put many objects on a
surface of any thing [Kaw]
press down, rub down
►
bi-te-shka (bittešká) - press down, rub down
►
pi-te-shka (ppítteška) - I, shpi-te-shka
(špítteška) - you
►
cf. bi (bi) - by pressing, rubbing; te-shka
(ttešká) - short, stubby; ma-ze te-shka (mazé
ttéška) - pistol; da-te-shka (dattešká) -
bite off, shorten; di-te-shka (dittešká),
(dittéška) - shorten, cut short, saw off;
ka-te-shka (kattešká) - shorten by chopping off;
pa-te-shka (pátteška) - cut short with a knife;
po-te-shka (pótteška) - shorten by shooting/punching;
ta-te-shka (tátteška) - shorten by burning, burn off;
ta-te-shka-a-de (tátteškade) - shorten by burning,
burn off
►
Dhegiha: te-shka (téshka), che-shka
(chéshka) - short [Omaha/Ponca]; je-shka (jeshka)
- short [Omaha]; te-shka (té-cka), tshe-shka
(tcé-cka) - short [JOD-Omaha]; ʰpa-xpe ʰtse-shka
(p̣a-xpe ṭse-shka) - the short stunted oak [FL-Osage]
press dry
►
bi-ta-xe (bittáxe) - dry up, press dry
►
pi-ta-xe (ppíttaxe) - I, shpi-ta-xe
(špíttaxe) - you
►
cf. bi (bi) - by pressing, rubbing; ta-xe
(táxe) - dried up, dead from heat/cold, used with almost
all instrumental prefixes; ba-ta-xe (battáxe) -
dry up, root up the soil; da-ta-xe (dattáxe) - dry
up from being gnawed; di-ta-xe (dittáxe) - dry out
by pulling up, uproot; ka-ta-xe (kattáxe) - crack
and die from being cut, as corn; pa-ta-xe (páttaxe)
- cut and dry up, e.g. cornstalk; po-ta-xe (póttaxe)
- cause to dry up from punching; ta-ta-xe (táttaxe)
- dry up and die, as vegetation from the sun
press on end
►
bi-ha-ta de-de (bihátta déde) - lever, weight,
press on end
►
pi-ha-ta de-a-de (ppíhatta déade) - I,
shpi-ha-ta de-da-de (špíhatta dédade) - you
►
cf. bi (bi) - by pressing; ba-ha-ta
(bahattá) - pick up with pointed object; ba-ha-ta
de-de (bahátta déde) - brush aside; di-ha-ta
(díhattá) - lift something; di-ha-ta de-de
(dihátta déde) - lift, pull up suddenly; ka-ha-ta
de-de (kahátta déde) - knock aside, turn aside;
naⁿ-ha-ta de-de (nąhátta déde) - lift with the foot;
po-ha-ta de-de (póhatta déde) - poke something in
order to lift it
press out
►
bi-kda (bikdá) - press out, push/blow loose
►
pi-kda (ppíkda) - I, shpi-kda (špíkda)
- you
►
cf. bi (bi) - by pressing, rubbing; da-kda
(dakdá) - undo with the mouth, teeth; di-kda
(dikdá) - undo, untie, pull loose; ka-kda (kakdá)
- sway; naⁿ-kda (nąkdá) - loosen, come undone, as
a shoelace
►
Dhegiha: gtha (gtha) - unbraided, unwoven
[Omaha/Ponca]; gtha-tha (gthátha) - unbraided,
unwoven, unraveled [Omaha/Ponca]; gtha-tha (gthá-tha)
- to unbraid or untie [FL-Osage]
►
Dhegiha: ba-gtha (bagthá) - to undo braided hair,
plaited rope, etc.[Omaha/Ponca]; ga-la-ya (galáya)
- comb out, cause hair to come undone by running a comb through,
such as braids; cause to uncoil by throwing or striking, as a
spool of thread or wire [Kaw]; naⁿ-la-ya (naⁿláya)
- straighten with the foot, as a crooked stick; to come undone,
as a moccasin string [Kaw]
►
Dhegiha: thi-gtha (thigtha) - unroll, untie
[Omaha]; thi-gtha-tha (thi-gthá-tha) - to unravel,
unbraid [FL-Osage]; yu-la-ya (yuláya) - unravel,
unbraid, separate with the hand; straighten coiled wire by
pulling; pull open or separate, as the leaves of a book, by
turning with the hand; open out, spread out, as the hand [Kaw]
press to death
►
bi-ta-t’e (bittátʔe) - press to death
►
pi-ta-t’e (ppíttatʔe) - I, shpi-ta-t’e
(špíttatʔe) - you
►
cf. bi (bi) - by pressing, rubbing; ta (tá)
- by extreme temperature, heat or cold; t’e (tʔe)
- die; ta-t’e (tátʔe) - withered from heat or
cold; ba-ta-t’e (battátʔe) - kill, cause to
wither; da-tʰa-t’e (datʰátʔe) - gnaw to death;
di-ta-t’e (dittátʔe) - uproot a plant, pull up;
ka-ta-t’e (kattátʔe) - kill, cut off, cause to
wither; naⁿ-ta-t’e (nąttátʔe) - trample to death;
pa-ta-t’e (páttatʔe) - wither, cause by cutting;
po-ta-t’e (póttatʔe) - kill vegetation by
punching; ta-ta-t’e (táttatʔe) - wither from
exposure to heat
►
Dhegiha: na-t’e-ga (ná-t’e-ga) - withered, dead,
dried up, as leaves by the sun [JOD-Omaha]
da-ʰts’e-ga (dá-ṭs’e-ga)
- wilted, withered [FL-Osage]
da-ts’e-ga (dáts’ega)
-
be withered, killed, or injured by heat [Kaw]
►
Dhegiha: tha-na-t’e-ga (thanát’ega) - kill, bite,
to kill plants by biting around the roots, as rabbits do
[Omaha/Ponca]; ya-da-ts’e-ga (yadáts’ega) - kill
plants by gnawing on them, as rabbits, to make vegetation wither
by gnawing on the bark or at the roots, as rabbits do in winter
[Kaw]; ya-ts’e-ga (yats’éga) - wither from being
gnawed on, as a plant [Kaw]
►
Dhegiha: thi-da-ts’e-ga (thi-dá-ts’e-ga) - to
cause green plants to wither by rough handling [FL-Osage];
yu-da-ts’e-ga (yudáts’ega) - wilt from being pulled
up, as plants, wood [Kaw]
►
Dhegiha: ba-da-ts’e-ga (bádats’ega) - cause a tree
or bush to wilt by cutting [Kaw]; ba-da-ts’e-ga (badáts’ega)
- cause vegetation to wilt punching or by rooting up the ground
[Kaw]; ga-da-ts’e-ga (gadáts’ega) - wind to dry
something a little, especially fresh meat which is hung up, by
blowing on it [Kaw]; naⁿ-da-ts’e-ga (naⁿdáts’ega)
- trample, make vegetation wither by treading on, as grass [Kaw];
naⁿ-da-ts’e-ye (naⁿdáts’èye) - trample, make
wither by treading on, as grass [Kaw]
pressing, by pressing or rubbing
►
bi (bi) - by pressing, rubbing: inner instrumental
prefix
►
Dhegiha: bi (bi) - by pressing, rubbing
[Omaha/Ponca]; bi (bi) - a prefix denoting that
the action is performed by blowing with the mouth, by rubbing,
or by weight or pressure, i.e. by pressing down on, bearing down
on, sitting or lying on [JOD-Omaha]; pu (pu) - by
pressing down on with movement back and forth, by smoothing [CQ-Osage];
bu (bu) - instrumental prefix: by generalized
pressure, by pushing or rubbing [Kaw]