English to Quapaw Dictionary

P

pace - pelican

pelt - pinch

pine - pleased

plentiful - pressing

pressing - pulse

pulverize - put two

 

pressing, catch by pressing on

► a-bi-saⁿ-te (ábisątte) - catch by pressing on; hold down, e.g., on his back; lie on something ► a-pi-saⁿ-te (áppisątte) - I, a-shpi-saⁿ-te (ášpisątte) - you, oⁿ-ka-pi-saⁿ-ta-we (ǫkápisąttawe) - we

► cf. a-bi-saⁿ-te zhaⁿ (ábisątte žą́) - roll over on something; throw oneself down on; a-bi-saⁿ-te-zhi (ábisąttéži) - press down on, weight, hold down; o-bi-saⁿ-te (obísątte) - pull something between two objects

► ex: ka-ki-kda-ti-zhe aⁿ-bi-saⁿ-te (kakkíkdattiže ą́bisątté) - he tumbled over and lay on me

► ex: maⁿ-da a-bi-saⁿ-te naⁿ i-ya (mą́da ábisątte ną, iyá) - he held him down on his back, it is said

► ex: wa-bi-saⁿ-ta-we (wábisąttawe) - he or they lay on us

► ex: wa-tʰe a-bi-saⁿ-te koi-tʰe di-ha-knaⁿ da (watʰé ábisątte kóitʰe dihákną dá) - go iron your dress! [AG]

► Dhegiha: a-bi-soⁿ-dse (á-bi-çoⁿ-dse) - to press to the ground [FL-Osage]; a-pi-saⁿ (ápisą) - mash, push down on, shut, close, hold down [CQ-Osage]; a-bu-saⁿ-je (ábusaⁿje) - press down on with the hands, as in catching a bird or rabbit; to press or bear hard on, as with a chair leg; to run and jump on something, wrestle [Kaw]; a-ki-bu-saⁿ-je (ákíbusaⁿje) - to wrestle each other [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: a-ba-soⁿ-de (ábasoⁿde) - push, to push together with the hand against something which is on something else, as a pen on paper [Omaha/Ponca]; i-bi-soⁿ-de (íbisóⁿde) - narrow, a narrow place, as a ledge at the base of a cliff above a stream [Omaha/Ponca]; ba-soⁿ-de (baçoⁿde) - crease, press together [Omaha]; u-bi-soⁿ-de (ubiçoⁿde) - compact, crowded [Omaha]; moⁿ-ze a-noⁿ-soⁿ-de (moⁿçe anoⁿçoⁿde) - brassiere [Omaha]; soⁿ-soⁿ-de (çoⁿçoⁿde) - close together [Omaha]; a-ba-soⁿ-dse (á-ba-çoⁿ-dse) - to push one against a tree or a door, to lace up a shoe [FL-Osage]; a-thi-soⁿ-dse (á-thi-çoⁿ-dse) - to hold firmly between the hands or fingers, to squeeze; to clasp one’s legs around a horse when riding bareback, [FL-Osage]; i-noⁿ-soⁿ-dse (í-noⁿ-çoⁿ-dse) - to take shelter behind someth, as protection [FL-Osage]; a-ba-saⁿ-je (ábasaⁿje) - push against something, as a door to keep it closed; have sex with [Kaw]; a-ga-saⁿ-je (ágasaⁿje) - to make tight by nailing on, as tarred paper on the inside of a house; nail down tight [Kaw]; a-naⁿ-saⁿ-je (ánaⁿsáⁿje) - stamp on something (to anchor it), to bring down the feet suddenly on a paper, etc., to keep it from being blown away [Kaw]; a-ya-saⁿ-je (áyasaⁿje) - hold firmly with the teeth [Kaw]; a-yu-saⁿ-je (áyusaⁿje) - clamp something, hold firmly [Kaw]; iⁿ-yaⁿ-o-bu-saⁿ-je (iⁿyáⁿobusáⁿje) - gorge, narrow defile with stream [Kaw]

 

pressing, fail or miss pressing or blowing

► bi-iⁿ-zhi (biį́ži) - fail/miss pressing/blowing ► pi-iⁿ-zhi (ppíįži) - I, shpi-iⁿ-zhi (špíįži) - you

► cf. bi (bi) - by pressing, rubbing; ba-iⁿ-zhi (baį́ži) - fail or miss pushing at something; da-iⁿ-zhi (daį́ži) - fail using the mouth, voice; di-iⁿ-zhi (díįži) - fail in pulling, rowing, etc.; ka-iⁿ-zhi (kaį́ži) - fail in throwing or striking; naⁿ-iⁿ-zhi (nąį́ži) - fail in walking or with machine; pa-iⁿ-zhi (páįži) - fail in cutting or sawing; po-iⁿ-zhi (póįži) - to be unsuccessful shooting or punching; ta-iⁿ-zhi (táįži) - fail in cooking

► Dhegiha: bi-iⁿ-a-zhi (biiⁿázhi) - unable to press, blow, to be unsuccessful in blowing, pressing, etc. [Omaha/Ponca]; bi-iⁿ-a-zhi (bi-iⁿ-á-ji) - to be unsuccessful in blowing, pressing, etc. [JOD-Omaha]

 

pressing, make a scratching sound by pressing

► bi-k’a-xe (bikʔáxe) - scratching sound by pressing ► pi-k’a-xe (ppíkʔaxe) - I, shpi-k’a-xe (špíkʔaxe) - you

► cf. bi (bi) - by pressing, rubbing; ba-k’a-xe (bakʔáxe) - make scratching sound; da-k’a-xe (dákʔaxé) - make grating sound; da-k’a-k’a-xe (dakʔákʔaxe) - make gnawing sound; di-k’a-xe (dikʔáxe) - scratch superficially; di-k’a-k’a-xe (dikʔákʔaxe) - scratching sounds, as a dog; ka-k’a-xe (kakʔáxe) - make a scraping sound; naⁿ-k’a-xe (nąkʔáxe) - make grating sound with feet; pa-k’a-xe (pákʔaxe) - scrape or grind while cutting; po-k’a-xe (pókʔaxe) - grating sound from probing

► Dhegiha: ba-k’a-xe (bak’áxe) - to make a scraping sound by scraping with glass [Omaha/Ponca]; tha-k’a-xe (thak’axe) - to make a grating noise by gnawing [Omaha/Ponca]; ʰk’a-xe (ḳ’a-xe) - scraping sound, the sound of scraping china dishes [FL-Osage]; ga-ʰk’a-xe (ga-ḳ’a-xe) - sound of grating [FL-Osage]; thi-ʰk’a-xe (thi-ḳ’á-xe) - the clicking, rattling sounds as from the sharpening of a knife, or from the rattling of plates, or from the tail of a rattlesnake [FL-Osage]; k’a-ghe (k’ághe) - rattling, scratching or grating [Kaw]; ba-k’a-ghe (bak’ághe) - to make a grating sound of a file in filing, to push a stick firmly against some hard object, which it cannot penetrate, and from which it glances off [Kaw]; ba-k’a-ghe (bák’aghe) - make the grating sound, as in sawing through bone or metal [Kaw]; bo-k’a-ghe (bók’aghe) - grating sound, as in punching or shooting against bone or metal and glancing off, ricochet [Kaw]; bu-k’a-ghe (buk’ághe) - to make a grating sound by pressure, esp. on metal [Kaw]; ga-k’a-ghe (gak’ághe) - make a grating sound on metal; rattle, as stones in a can [Kaw]; naⁿ-k’a-ghe (naⁿk’ághe) - to make a grating sound by walking on, or by machine, to make a grating or creaking sound by walking on thin metal, or by machinery coming in contact with it [Kaw]; ya-k’a-ghe (yak’ághe) - make a grating noise [Kaw]

 

pressing, make unsteady by pressing

► bi-shoⁿ-da-da (bišǫ́dada) - upset, make unsteady pressing ► pi-shoⁿ-da-da (ppíšǫdada) - I, shpi-shoⁿ-da-da (špíšǫdada) - you

► cf. bi (bi) - by pressing, rubbing; shoⁿ-da-da (šǫ́dada) - unsteady, insecure; di-shoⁿ-da (dišǫdá), di-shoⁿ (dišǫ́) - pull over and spill (liquid); di-shoⁿ-shoⁿ-da (dišǫšǫda) - loosen by working back/forth; ba-shoⁿ-da-da (bašǫ́dada) - loosen, destabilize pushing at; da-shoⁿ-da-da (dašǫ́dadá) - undermine; di-shoⁿ-da-da (dišǫ́dadá) - pull off balance; ka-shoⁿ-da-da (kašǫ́dada) - undercut by striking, chopping; naⁿ-shoⁿ-da-da (nąšǫ́dadá) - destabilize with the foot; kick loose; pa-shoⁿ-da-da (pášǫdadá) - undercut, undermine; po-shoⁿ-da-da (póšǫdadá) - make top heavy by thrusting at; ta-shoⁿ-da-da (tášǫdadá) - top heavy, unsteady by burning; naⁿ-te shoⁿ-da-da-zhi (ną́tte šǫ́dadáži) - stout hearted, “heart, not unsteady/not insecure”

► Dhegiha: shoⁿ-tha (shoⁿthá) - spilled, upset and spilled, tipped over and spilled [Omaha/Ponca]; shoⁿ-shoⁿ-tha (shoⁿshóⁿtha) - loosened in its socket, as a fence post ot a tooth [Omaha/Ponca]; shoⁿ-shoⁿ-tha (shoⁿshoⁿtha) - limber [Omaha]; ba-shoⁿ-tha (bashoⁿtha) - pour, dump [Omaha]; ba-shoⁿ-tha (ba-shóⁿ-tha) - to spill water from a vessel, either by accident or on purpose [FL-Osage]; gi-shoⁿ-tha (gí-shóⁿ-tha) - to make loose, to droop or fall, loose jointed, broken [FL-Osage]; ga-shoⁿ-tha (ga-shóⁿ-tha) - to spill water from a vessel by striking against it [FL-Osage]

 

pressing, move something by pressing or blowing

► bi-ti-ze (bittíze) - move something by pressing/blowing ► pi-ti-ze (ppíttize) - I, shpi-ti-ze (špíttize) - you

► cf. bi (bi) - by pressing, rubbing; ba-ti-ze (battíze) - move something by pushing; di-ti-ze (dittíze) - move by pulling something; ka-ti-ze (kattíze) - knock, sweep, brush away; ki-pa-ti-ze (kíppattíze) - move one’s possession by pushing; ki-kdi-ti-ze (kkíkdittíze) - move something for one's own benefit; naⁿ-ti-ze (nąttíze) - kick along, move something with feet; po-ti-ze (póttize) - move something by punch-/shooting

 

pressing, popping sound from pressing

► bi-ta-zhe (bittáže) - popping sound from pressing ► pi-ta-zhe (ppíttaže) - I, shpi-ta-zhe (špíttaže) - you

► cf. bi (bi) - by pressing, rubbing; ba-ta-zhe (battáže) - to make a popping sound from pushing; da-ta-zhe (dattáže) - make popping sound with mouth; di-ta-zhe (dittáže) - snap the fingers; ka-ta-zhe (kattáže), ga-ta-zhe (gattáže) - clap the hands; naⁿ-pe ka-ta-zhe (nąpe kattáže) - clap the hands; naⁿ-ta-zhe (nąttáže) - pop by stepping on; po-ta-zhe (póttaže) - thrust and cause popping sound; ta-ta-zhe (táttaže) - to make a popping sound, as wood in a fire

 

pressing, ruin by pressing

► bi-shi-ke (bišíke) - ruin by pressing, squash ► pi-shi-ke (ppíšike) - I, shpi-shi-ke (špíšike) - you

► cf. bi (bi) - by pressing, rubbing; shi-ke (šíke) - bad; ba-shi-ke (bašiké) - ruin by poking a hole in; da-shi-ke (dašíke) - speak badly of or incorrectly; di-shi-ke (díšiké) - ruin by tearing, do wrong; ka-shi-ke (kašíke) - spoil something by striking it; naⁿ-shi-ke (nąšíke) - spoil something by stepping on it; pa-shi-ke (pášike) - ruin by cutting with a knife; po-shi-ke (póšike) - spoil something by punching it; ta-shi-ke (tášíke) - ruin something by burning it

 

pressure, burst from pressure or weight

► bi-to-xi (bittóxi) - burst from pressure/weight ► pi-to-xi (ppíttoxi) - I, shpi-to-xi (špíttoxi) - you

► cf. bi (bi) - by pressing, rubbing; ba-to-xi (battóxi) - burst by punching, pushing; di-to-xi (dittóxi) - discharge, make a bang; di-to-to-xi (dittóttoxi) - one of the sounds of thunder; ka-to-xi (kattóxi) - burst, break open; naⁿ-to-xi (nąttóxi) - step on and burst something; po-to-xi (póttoxi) - burst from a shot or punch; ni po-to-xe (nippóttoxe) - soda pop, “exploding water”; ta-to-xi (táttoxi) - to cause burst by burning

► Dhegiha: ʰpo-ʰki (p̣o-ḳí) - a dull thud, made by striking [FL-Osage]; ʰpo-ʰki-e (p̣o-ḳi-é) - a sound like the report of a gun or a popgun [FL-Osage]; pho-ki (phóki), pho-ke (phóke) - a “sound-word”; to make the ground give out a deadened sound by thrusting at it; to stab a person or animal, running the knife or spear to the hilt, making a thud; thud, sound of striking a soft object or the ground [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ga-pu-ki (ga-pú-k͓i) - to make the sound “pú-k͓i” by striking against clothing, or any soft part of a oerson or animal [JOD-Omaha]; ga-ʰpo-ʰki (ga-p̣ó-ḳi) - to make a dull thud or sound by striking a soft object [FL-Osage]; ka-pxo-ʰke (kaapxóʰke) - burst, explode, pop; hit someone on the back, knocking the wind out; stun, crash [CQ-Osage]; ga-pho-ki (gaphóki) - popping sound made when hitting
[Kaw]

► Dhegiha: da-ʰpo-ʰki (dá-p̣o-ḳi) - to explode; percussion [FL-Osage]; da-pho-ke (dáphokè) - to pop, as popcorn from exposure to heat [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ba-pho-ki (baphóki), ba-pho-ke (baphóke) - be a thudding sound; pop, give off a popping noise; cause something to pop; cause something to make a popping noise [Kaw]; bu-pho-ke (buphóke) - popping sound from bursting [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: tu-shi (tushí) - shooting sound, the sound of a gun shooting [Omaha/Ponca]; tu-shi (t͓u-cí) - the sound heard when one shoots a gun [JOD-Omaha]; tu-shi (túshi) - snap, to snap, to make a snapping sound [Omaha/Ponca]; tu-shi (t͓ú-ci) - to make a snapping sound [JOD-Omaha]; ba-tu-shi (ba-t͓ú-ci) - to fire a pop gun; said also when A strikes B with the butt end of his gun, the concussion causing the gun to explode and injure A [JOD-Omaha]; mu-tu-shi (mútushi) - explode with a noise, like a rotten egg [Omaha/Ponca]; mu-tu-shi (mú-t͓u-ci) - to make a report, as a rotten egg bursting [JOD-Omaha]

 

pressure, cause to fall by pressure or weight

► o-bi-xpa-de (obíxpade) - cause to fall by pressure/weight ► o-pi-xpa-de (oppíxpade) - I, o-shpi-xpa-de (ošpíxpade) - you

► cf. bi (bi) - by pressing, rubbing; o-xpa-de (oxpáde) - fall from a height; o-ba-xpa-de (obáxpade) - push off and cause to fall; o-di-xpa-de (odíxpade) - pull off and cause to fall; o-ka-xpa-de (okáxpade) - knock off, cause to fall off; o-ki-xpa-de (okíxpade) - lose something; o-naⁿ-xpa-de (oną́xpade) - kick something down; o-po-xpa-de (opóxpade) - shoot down

► Dhegiha: o-bu-xpa-ye (obúxpaye) - push somebody off [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: u-xpa-the (uxpathe) - fell, fall [Omaha]; u-xpa-the the (uxpathe the) - lose [Omaha]; u-xpa-the (uqpá¢ĕ) - lost, it be lost; falling from a height [JOD-Omaha]; u-xpa-the (u-xpá-the) - to become lost; to feel around with the hands in the dark, to grope; to fall [FL-Osage]; o-xpa-the (oxpáðe) - get lost, become lost, lose; fall from a height [CQ-Osage]; o-xpa-ye (oxpáye) - get lost, become lost; fall from a height, fall off, to fall from a height [Kaw]

 

pressure, fail or miss applying pressure

► bi-shnoⁿ-da (bišnǫ́da) - fail or miss applying pressure ► pi-shnoⁿ-da (ppíšnǫda) - I, shpi-shnoⁿ-da (špíšnǫda) - you

► cf. bi (bi) - by pressing, rubbing; ba-shnoⁿ-da (bašnǫ́da) - push at and fail or miss; da-shnoⁿ-da (dašnǫ́da) - slip in eating, talking, etc.; di-shnoⁿ-da (dišnǫ́da) - let slip, fumble something; ka-shnoⁿ-da (kašnǫ́da) - miss the mark striking at something; naⁿ-shnoⁿ-da (nąšnǫ́da) - lose one’s footing, slip; pa-shnoⁿ-da (pášnǫda) - fail to cut something with a knife; po-shnoⁿ-da (póšnǫda) - miss a target shooting

► Dhegiha: zhnoⁿ (zhnoⁿ) - verb root, to miss, let fall, zhnoⁿ-tha (c͓naⁿ¢a), ba-zhnoⁿ (bac͓naⁿ), bu-zhnoⁿ (buc͓naⁿ), tha-zhnoⁿ (¢ac͓naⁿ), thi-zhnoⁿ (¢ic͓naⁿ), ga-zhnoⁿ (gac͓naⁿ), ma zhnoⁿ (mac͓naⁿ), mu-zhnoⁿ (muc͓naⁿ) [Omaha/Ponca]

 

pressure, flatten by pressure or blowing

► bi-sti-sti (bistísti) - flatten by pressure/blowing ► pi-sti-sti (ppístisti) - I, shpi-sti-sti (špístisti) - you

► cf. a-kniⁿ bi-sti-sti (áknį bistísti) - chair with inner springs

 

pressure, make crack sound by pressure

► bi-to-zhe (bittóže) - make crack sound by pressure ► pi-to-zhe (ppíttože) - I, shpi-to-zhe (špíttože) - you

► cf. bi (bi) - by pressing, rubbing; ba-to-zhe (battóže) - make crack sound pushing; da-to-zhe (dattóže) - crunch with teeth; naⁿ-pe di-to-zhe (nąpé dittóže) - crack one’s finger joints; ka-to-zhe (kattóže) - cracking sound hitting something; naⁿ-to-zhe (nąttóže) - make crack sound by treading; pa-to-zhe (páttože) - make cracking sound with knife; po-to-zhe (póttože) - make crack sound thrusting; ta-to-zhe (táttože) - cracking sound made by burning

► Dhegiha: tu-shi (tushí) - shooting sound, the sound of a gun shooting [Omaha/Ponca]; tu-shi (t͓u-cí) - the sound heard when one shoots a gun [JOD-Omaha]; tu-shi (túshi) - snap, to snap, to make a snapping sound [Omaha/Ponca]; tu-shi (t͓ú-ci) - to make a snapping sound [JOD-Omaha]; ba-tu-shi (ba-t͓ú-ci) - to fire a pop gun; said also when A strikes B with the butt end of his gun, the concussion causing the gun to explode and injure A [JOD-Omaha]; mu-tu-shi (mútushi) - explode with a noise, like a rotten egg [Omaha/Ponca]; mu-tu-shi (mú-t͓u-ci) - to make a report, as a rotten egg bursting [JOD-Omaha]

 

pressure, split from pressure

► bi-za-za-te (bizázatte) - split from pressure ► pi-za-za-te (ppízazatte) - I, shpi-za-za-te (špízazatte) - you

► cf. bi (bi) - by pressing, rubbing; ba-za-za-te (bazázatte) - cut, stab to shreds; da-za-za-te (dazázatte) - chew something to slivers; di-za-za-te (dizázatte) - pull to shreds; ka-za-za-te (kazázatte) - chop to pieces, slivers; naⁿ-za-za-te (nązázatte) - kick to pieces, splinters; pa-za-za-te (pázazátte) - split, shred, cut to splinters; po-za-za-te (pózazátte) - punch, shoot apart/to pieces

 

pressure, stretch from pressure or weight

► bi-zi-ke (bizíke) - stretch from pressure or weight ► pi-zi-ke (ppízike) - I, shpi-zi-ke (špízike) - you

► cf. bi (bi) - by pressing, rubbing; da-zi-ke (dazíke) - stretch with the mouth; di-zi-ke (dizíke) - stretch by pulling; hi-ni-ke zi-zi-ke (hiníke zizíke) - stockings, hose; kdi-zi-ke (kdizíke) - stretch one’s own, pull; ki-di-zi-ke (kídizíke) - stretch something for someone; naⁿ-zi-ke (nązíke) - stretch something by treading on it

► Dhegiha: i-ga-zi-ge (í-ga-çi-ge) - to stretch, as limbs in growing [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: zi-zi-ge (zízige) - rubber, elastic, any rubber or elastic object [Omaha/Ponca]; zi-zi-ge (zí-zi-ge) - India-rubber, any elastic object [JOD-Omaha]; zi-zi-ge (çiçige) - springy [Omaha]; wa-zi-zi-e (wa-çí-çi-e) - rubber, thing elastic [FL-Osage]

 

pretend, feign

► kaⁿ-ze (ką́ze), koⁿ-ze (kǫ́ze) - pretend, feign ► paⁿ-ze (ppą́ze) - I, shkaⁿ-ze (šką́ze) - you

► cf. kaⁿ-ze (kką́ze), koⁿ-ze (kkǫ́ze) - equal in; koⁿ-ze e-koⁿ (kkǫ́ze ékǫ), koⁿ-ze e-kaⁿ (kkǫ́ze eką), koⁿ-ze a-kaⁿ (kkǫ́ze áką) - similar, alike; koⁿ-ze e-koⁿ a-zhi (kkǫ́ze ékǫ áži) - copy, write over again; koⁿ-ze a-kaⁿ-kʰi-de (kkǫ́ze ákąkʰíde) - treat the same, get even with; kaⁿ-ze a-na (kką́ze ána) - equal in quantity, number; kaⁿ-ze a-na-ska (kką́ze ánaska) - of equal or like size; kaⁿ-ze a-tʰaⁿ (kką́ze átʰą) - of equal length; kaⁿ-ze a-tʰaⁿ-ha (kką́ze átʰąha) - equal or like depth; kaⁿ-ze a-tʰaⁿ-ka (kką́ze atʰąkká) - of equal height

► ex: tʰi naⁿ t’e paⁿ-ze shkoⁿ-zhi hi a-zhaⁿ miⁿ-kʰe (tʰi ną tʔe ppą́ze škǫ́ži hi ažą́ mįkʰé) - when he arrived, I pretended to be dead, I lay there motionless [JOD]

► ex: shaⁿ-iⁿ-te, t’e paⁿ-ze, e-shaⁿ kde xa-da (šą́įtte, tʔé ppą́ze, éšą kdé xáda) - well, I pretended to be dead, then he went back again [JOD]

► ex: a-shi a-toⁿ-we taⁿ a-hi-pʰe, maⁿ-da hi a-zhaⁿ, wa-tʰe aⁿ-ka-ze hi kaⁿ hi a-zhaⁿ, e-shoⁿ t’e paⁿ-ze miⁿ-kʰe (áši atǫ́we tą ahipʰé, mąda hí ažą́, watʰé ąkaze hí ką́ hi ažą́, éšǫ́ tʔe ppą́ze mįkʰe) - when I looked back I fell down, I laid there on my back, my dress flew up on me, so I laid there pretending to be dead [JOD]

► ex: maⁿ-da kaⁿ-iⁿ zhaⁿ e-shoⁿ t’e kaⁿ-ze ke i-ya-we (mą́da kąį́ žą ešǫ́ tʔe ką́ze ké iyáwe) - she laid there on her back pretending to be dead, they say [JOD]

► ex: ti-zhe ti hi na-zhiⁿ a-taⁿ xa-ke koⁿ-ze tʰaⁿ naⁿ i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (ttíže-ttí-hi nažį́-attą́ γaké kǫzé tʰą ną́ iyá maštįke) - the rabbit arrived to the entrance of the lodge and stood there, pretending cry, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► Dhegiha: goⁿ-ze (goⁿ-çé) - to feign, to make believe [FL-Osage]; koⁿ-ze (kǫzé) - pretend, feign, make believe [CQ-Osage]; go-ze (góze), ko-ze (kóze) - pretend, feign [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: i-goⁿ-za (ígoⁿça) - copy [Omaha]; i-goⁿ-ze (í-goⁿ-çe) - the use of something already made, as a pattern in making an article like it, facsimile [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: goⁿ-ze-goⁿ (goⁿ-çé-goⁿ) - alike in appearance, similar, uniform [FL-Osage]; koⁿ-ze-koⁿ (kǫzékǫ) - be the same as or like another, like, similar to or identical to [CQ-Osage]; go-ze e-go (góze égo) - alike, resembling something [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: goⁿ-ze ʰki-goⁿ (goⁿ-çé ḳi-goⁿ) - alike, resembling [FL-Osage]; koⁿ-ze ʰki-ʰkoⁿ (kǫzéʰkiʰkǫ) - similar to or like each other, resembling each other [CQ-Osage]; go-ze e-ki-khaⁿ (góze ékikhaⁿ) - equal length [Kaw]

 

pretty

► ho-taⁿ (hóttą) - good, pretty, happy ► aⁿ-ho-taⁿ (ąhóttą) - I’m, di-ho-taⁿ (dihóttą) - you’re

► ho-taⁿ (hóttą) - good [MS, OM]

► ho-toⁿ (hóttǫ) - good [AG]

► ho-toⁿ (hŭckton) - good (bon) [GI]

► ho-taⁿ (hóttą) - good [JOD]

► ex: mi zhiⁿ-ka ho-toⁿ (mih-jinka-hutton) - a pretty girl (fille une jolie) [GI]

► ex: she-mi ho-taⁿ hi (šémi hóttą hi) - pretty girl, very pretty girl [MS]

► ex: ho-taⁿ i (hóttą i) - pretty, very pretty [MS]

► ex: haⁿ-pa ho-taⁿ (hą́pa hóttą) - pretty day [MS]

► ex: haⁿ-pa ho-taiⁿ a-shi-ti (hą́pa hóttąį ášitti) - it’s a pretty day outside [MS]

► ex: a-tʰi miⁿ-kʰe aⁿ-da-kni hoⁿ-ba-de, de-ho-taⁿ xti, ho-taⁿ miⁿ-kʰe (atʰí mįkʰé ą́dakni h ǫ́bade, dehóttą xti, hóttą mįkʰé) - today was a nice day, and I am glad to be here [MR]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ e-zhaⁿ-ke e-zhi pa, “wa-hiⁿ-ska ho-taⁿ hi aⁿ-ki-niⁿ kdi ni-he,” i-ye pa (kóišǫ́ttą ežą́ke éži pá, “wahį́ska hóttą hi ą́kinį kdí-nihé,” iyé pa) - then his step-daughters said, “bring back some really good (pretty) calico cloth” [JOD]

► Dhegiha: u-daⁿ (údaⁿ) - good, to be good [Omaha/Ponca]; u-doⁿ (údoⁿ) - good, better, nice [Omaha]; tha-gthiⁿ (thá-gthiⁿ) - good, peaceful and beautiful, fine, nice, pleasing in manner, exceedingly good, splendid  [FL-Osage]; tha-liⁿ (ðáalį), tha-ʰliⁿ (ðáaʰlį) - good, be good, feel good about something, be glad, thank you, fine, splendid, pretty, beautiful, handsome, well, finely, skillfully [CQ-Osage]; ya-li (yáli), ya-liⁿ (yáliⁿ), ya-le (yále) - to be good, as a good or well-behaved person, or good food [Kaw]; ya-le (yále) - good, pleasant, to be good [Kaw]

 

► o-ta-za (óttaza) - pretty [OM]

► o-ta-za (óttaza) - right, straight, honest ► oⁿ-ta-za (ǫ́ttaza), o-aⁿ-ta-za (oąttaza) - I, o-di-ta-za (ódittaza) - you

► cf. o-ta-za ka-xe (óttaza káγe) - right, correct, act honestly; o-ta-za-zhi (óttazáži) - be wrong

► Dhegiha: o-ʰta-za (o-ṭa-ça), u-ʰta-za (u-ṭá-ça) - handsome, showy, stateliness, pretty, comely, pleasing to the sight, satisfying to the sense of beauty [FL-Osage]; o-ʰta-za (oʰtáza) - good looking, handsome, beautiful, very pretty [CQ-Osage]

 

Pretty Bird, Handsome Bird

► wa-zhiⁿ da-kniⁿ (wa-jiⁿ́ d^¢á-kt^çiⁿ) - Pretty Bird, Handsome Bird, masculine name of the Kwapa Bird gens; Pretty Bird. Son of ke-da to (ked^¢a tu) and grandson of mi x’aⁿ-sa (mi q’aⁿsa) [JOD]

► cf. wa-zhiⁿ-ka (wažį́ka), wa-zhiⁿ (wažį́) - bird; da-kni (dákni), da-kniⁿ (dáknį) - archaic word for good, used primarily in Quapaw personal names

► Dhegiha: wa-zhiⁿ-ga tha-gthiⁿ (wa-zhiⁿ-ga tha-gthiⁿ) - Good Bird, male name [FL-Osage]; wa-zhiⁿ-ga ya-liⁿ (wazhíⁿga yáliⁿ) - Pretty Bird, male name [Kaw]

 

price, charge or ask a price

► ki-de (kíde) - charge or ask a price ► a-ki-de (akíde) - I, da-ki-de (dakíde) - you

 

► wa-naⁿ (waną́) - charge or ask a price ► wa-bnaⁿ (wabną́) - I, wa-taⁿ (wattą́) - you

 

price, lower in price

► di-to-ti (dittótti) - cheapen, lower in price ► bdi-to-ti (bdíttotti) - I, ti-to-ti (ttíttotti) - you

► cf. di-to-shi (dittóši) - pull down something as a window; to-shi (toší) - low, lower

► Dhegiha: nu-shi (nú-ci) - low [JOD-Omaha]; nu-shi (núshi) - low [Omaha/Ponca]; nu-shi-a-ha (núshiáha) - low, short, below, down below [Omaha/Ponca]

 

price, too high a price

► wa-te-xi (wattéxi) - difficult, too much, too high a price

► cf. o-te-xi (óttexi) - difficult to do; haⁿ-ba wa-te-xi zhi-ka (hą́ba wattéxi žíka) - Saturday, “little Sunday”; haⁿ-ba wa-te-xi (hą́ba wattéxi) - Sunday; haⁿ-ba wa-te-xi naⁿ-pa (hąbá wattéxi nąpá) - fortnight, two Sundays

► Dhegiha: wa-te-xi (watéxi) - difficult action with a purpose, male name [Omaha]; wa-ʰtse-xi (wa-ṭsé-xi) - difficult to destroy, to be tenacious of life, stingy, ungenerous, not liberal, penurious [FL-Osage]; wa-ʰtse-xi (waʰcéxi) - be difficult, hard, challenging, not easy to do [CQ-Osage]; wa-tse-xi (wacéxi) - be hard, difficult to endure, something difficult, be difficult [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: u-ʰtse-xi (ú-ṭse-xi) - acts difficult to perform, such as warlike acts required to be performed in order to win honors and rank [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: te-xi (téqi) difficult, hard to do or bear; unreasonable; hard to get along with; expensive, dear, precious [JOD-Omaha]; te-xi (téxi) - difficult, hard do [Omaha]; ʰtse-xi (ʰcéxi) - sacred, precious, difficult [CQ-Osage]

 

prick and cause to bleed

► ba-wa-paiⁿ (bawappaį́) - prick and cause to bleed ► pa-wa-paiⁿ (ppáwappaį) - I, shpa-wa-paiⁿ (špáwappaį) - you

► cf. ba (ba) - by pushing: inner instrumental prefix; wa-paiⁿ (wappaį́) - blood; da-wa-paiⁿ (dawappaį́) - bite and draw blood; di-wa-paiⁿ (diwappaį́) - scratch and draw blood, as a cat;

ka-wa-paiⁿ kawappaį́) - cut, slash and cause to bleed; naⁿ-wa-paiⁿ (nąwappaį́) - bleed, cause by kicking; pa-wa-paiⁿ (páwappaį) - bleed someone with a knife; po-wa-paiⁿ (pówappaį́) - cause to bleed from a thrust; wa-paiⁿ kaⁿ (wappaį́ kką) - vein, artery; wa-paiⁿ kaⁿ po-si-si (wappaį́ kką pósisí) - pulse; wa-paiⁿ niⁿ-kʰe (wappaį́ nįkʰé) - the blood

► Dhegiha: wa-mi (wamí) - bleed, bloody [Omaha/Ponca]; wa-mi (wami) - blood, bleeding, bleed [Omaha]; wa-biⁿ (wa-bíⁿ) - blood, bleeding [FL-Osage]; wa-piⁿ (wa-pį́), wa-peiⁿ (wapéį) - bleed, blood [CQ-Osage]; wa-biⁿ (wabíⁿ) - blood; to bleed [Kaw]

 

prick, stick oneself

► i-ki-pa-xdo (íkkippaxdó) - stick or prick oneself ► i-da-ki-pa-xdo (idákkippaxdó) - I, i-da-ki-pa-xdo (ídakkippaxdó) - you

► cf. i-ba-xdo (íbaxdo) - stuck in him [JOD]; wa-naⁿ-bde i-ba-xto (waną́bde íbaxto), wa-naⁿ-bdi-ba-xto (waną́bdibaxto)  - fork, a table fork, lit., “something to stick food”; wa-sa i-ba-xdo-xdo (wasá íbaxdoxdó) - small pieces of black bear meat roasted on sticks or spits [JOD]; ba-xdo (baxdó), ba-xto (baxtó) - pierce, stab, perforate; pa ba-xto (ppá baxtó) - nose perforation for ring; naⁿ-ta ba-xto (nąttá baxtó) - perforations for earrings; ki-ne-ba-xdo (kinébaxdó) - cactus [MS]; ho we-ba-xto (ho wébaxto) - fish spear; ma-ze we-ba-xto (máze wébaxto) - spear, war spear; o-po-xdo (opóxdo), o-po-kto (opókto) - shoot through something

► Dhegiha: ba-xthu (baxthu) - pierce [Omaha]; ba-xthu (ba-q¢ú) - to punch a hole, to pierce, to punch through [JOD-Omaha]; ba-xtho-ge (ba-xthó-ge) - to pierce, perforate, punch, make a hole in a piece of leather [FL-Osage]; ba-xlo-ge (baxlóge) - pierce, impale, hold with a fork [Kaw]

 

priest

► ni-ka xo-we (níkka xówe) - shaman, Indian doctor, priest, mysterious man

► cf. ni-ka (níkka) - man; xo-we (xówe) - sacred, holy

► ex: While endeavoring to obtain a full list of personal names of the tribe, I met with considerable difficulty on account of the reluctance of the people to communicate to me the information which they regarded as the peculiar right of a class of men whom they called “wa-pi-naⁿ (wappíną).” A wa-pi-naⁿ (wappíną) they divined as a ni-ka xo-we (níkka xówe) or mysterious man [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ni-ka-shiⁿ-ga xu-be (ní-ka-ciⁿ-ga qu-bé) - a mysterious person, prob. answering to popular “medicine man” of white writers [JOD-Omaha]; ni-ʰka xo-be (ní-ḳa xo-be) - the holy man [FL-Osage]

 

principal chief

► ka-hi-ke taⁿ-ka (kahíke ttą́ka) - head chief of a tribe, principal chief

► ka-hi-ke taⁿ-ka (k͓a-hí-k͓e tañ́-k͓a) - masculine name, Large Chief [JOD]

► cf. ka-hi-ke (kahíke) - chief; taⁿ-ka (ttą́ka) - big, large

► ex: wa-sa ka-hi-ke taⁿ-ka niⁿ-kʰe ni-ka-shi-ka zho-hi hi e-ti hi-wi naⁿ t’e-da-we i-ya i-we-ke i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke niⁿ-kʰe (wasá kahíke ttą́ka nįkʰe níkkašíka žóhi hi étti híwi ną́ tʔédawé iyá iwéke iyá maštį́ke nįkʰe) - they say that a great many people went there and they killed the black bear principal chief, the rabbit said to them, they say [JOD]

► ex: ka-hi-ke taⁿ-ka t’e-di-ki-de ni-kʰa-she shoⁿ-te niⁿ-kʰe she iⁿ (kahíke ttą́ka tʔédikidé nikʰáše šǫté nįkʰe šé į) - you’all whose principal chief has been killed, here are the testicles [JOD]

► ex: e hoⁿ-pe niⁿ-kʰe, hu-wa-ke ki-shoⁿ-i naⁿ, ka-hi-ke taⁿ-ka e-zhiⁿ-ke knoⁿ-ke te (e hǫp͓é nįkʰé huwake kišǫ́i ną kahíke ttą́ka ežį́ke knǫké tte) - that shoe, whoever it fits, Big Chief’s son will marry her [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ o-zha ka-ki da-i ke ka-hi-ke taⁿ-ka e-zhi-ke a-ki-da-i ke taⁿ hi (kóišǫ́ttą óža káki dá-i ke kahíke ttąka ežíke ákidá-i ké tą hí) - then-to dance-there-they went-the pl.-chief-large-his son-they took part with (=danced)-the pl. when-she arrived [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ga-hi-ge ʰtoⁿ-ga (ga-hí-ge-ṭoⁿ-ga) - Big Chief, personal name, refers to the high position of the hereditary chief [FL-Osage]; ga-hi-ge taⁿ-ga (gahíge táⁿga) - Large Chief, male name [Kaw]

 

prize, to like or prize them

► wa-saⁿ-de (wasą́de) - to like or prize them

► ex: wa-saⁿ-de (wasą́de) - she liked/prized them [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ she-mi ke wa-ki-shka-te haⁿ-e-aⁿ-zhi wa-saⁿ-de tʰaⁿ naⁿ (kóišǫ́ttą šemí ke wákiškátte hą́eąží wasą́de tʰą́ ną) - then/girl/the plural/played with them/a great deal/she liked (prized) them/the standing/past sign [JOD]

 

probably

► ni-tʰe (nitʰé) - probably [JOD]

► ex: e a-niⁿ ni-tʰe (é anį́ nitʰe) - that/the aforementioned, he probably has it [JOD]

 

probe, dig out

► di-ko-te (dikótte) - dig out, probe ► bdi-ko-te (bdíkotte) - I, ti-ko-te (ttíkotte) - you

► Dhegiha: yu-go-je (yugóje) - pick, probe [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ba-gu-de (bagúde) - probe, dig, take out, dig out [Omaha/Ponca]; ba-gu-dse (ba-gú-dse) - to probe into a hole, as cleaning a pipe with a stick; to probe a wound; to clean a pipestem [FL-Osage]; ba-go-je (bagóje) - pick, probe, pick the teeth [Kaw]

 

probing, grating sound from probing

► po-k’a-xe (pókʔaxe) - grating sound from probing ► po-a-k’a-xe (póakʔáxe) - I, po-da-k’a-xe (pódakʔáxe) - you

► cf. ba-k’a-xe (bakʔáxe) - make scratching sound; bi-k’a-xe (bikʔáxe) - scratching sound by pressing; da-k’a-xe (dákʔaxé) - make grating sound; da-k’a-k’a-xe (dakʔákʔaxe) - make gnawing sound; di-k’a-xe (dikʔáxe) - scratch superficially; di-k’a-k’a-xe (dikʔákʔaxe) - scratching sounds, as a dog; ka-k’a-xe (kakʔáxe) - make a scraping sound; naⁿ-k’a-xe (nąkʔáxe) - make grating sound with feet; pa-k’a-xe (pákʔaxe) - scrape or grind while cutting

► Dhegiha: ba-k’a-xe (bak’áxe) - to make a scraping sound by scraping with glass [Omaha/Ponca]; tha-k’a-xe (thak’axe) - to make a grating noise by gnawing [Omaha/Ponca]; ʰk’a-xe (ḳ’a-xe) - scraping sound, the sound of scraping china dishes [FL-Osage]; ga-ʰk’a-xe (ga-ḳ’a-xe) - sound of grating [FL-Osage]; thi-ʰk’a-xe (thi-ḳ’á-xe) - the clicking, rattling sounds as from the sharpening of a knife, or from the rattling of plates, or from the tail of a rattlesnake [FL-Osage]; k’a-ghe (k’ághe) - rattling, scratching or grating [Kaw]; ba-k’a-ghe (bak’ághe) - to make a grating sound of a file in filing, to push a stick firmly against some hard object, which it cannot penetrate, and from which it glances off [Kaw]; ba-k’a-ghe (bák’aghe) - make the grating sound, as in sawing through bone or metal [Kaw]; bo-k’a-ghe (bók’aghe) - grating sound, as in punching or shooting against bone or metal and glancing off, ricochet [Kaw]; bu-k’a-ghe (buk’ághe) - to make a grating sound by pressure, esp. on metal [Kaw]; ga-k’a-ghe (gak’ághe) - make a grating sound on metal; rattle, as stones in a can [Kaw]; naⁿ-k’a-ghe (naⁿk’ághe) - to make a grating sound by walking on, or by machine, to make a grating or creaking sound by walking on thin metal, or by machinery coming in contact with it [Kaw]; ya-k’a-ghe (yak’ághe) - make a grating noise [Kaw]

 

 

prohibitive

► na-ha (nahá) - prohibitive, beware lest..., follows verb

► ex: i-naⁿ-paⁿ te na-ha, ti ke ni-xi-te ni-ka-we, i-yi iya (ínąpą́ tté nahá, tti ke niγítte nikáwe, iyí iyá) - a second time she said, “do not go to those lodges, they are disobedient,” they say [JOD]

► ex: e-ti te na-ha, i-he naⁿ (étti tté nahá, ihé ną) - you do not go there!, I’ve been saying [JOD]

► ex: e-ti te na-ha, i-di-si-si-ke hi ta-i e-de (étti tté nahá, idísisike hi ttai edé) - do not go there!, they will sure enough abuse you [JOD]

► ex: “e-ti te na-ha,” i-yi i-ya e-kaⁿ-ki-dai (“étti tté nahá,” iyí iyá eką́kídai) - “you do not go there,” said his grandmother, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: wa-sa ti-kde ke ta e-ti te na-ha, i-ke i-ya e-kaⁿ niⁿ-kʰe (wasá ttikdé ke tta étti tté nahá iké iyá eką́ nįkʰe) - do not go to the village of the black bears, his grandmother said to him, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: da-xa-ke naⁿ-ha (daγáke nąhá) - beware lest you cry out [JOD]

► ex: aⁿ-shpi-ta na-ha (ą́špitta nahá) - beware lest you lean on me!

► ex: maⁿ-a-zi a-di-ka-spe na-ha (mą́azi ádikáspe nahá) - beware lest the bank cave in on you!

► ex: a-da-ka-xdi-we da-na-zhiⁿ na-ha (ádakaxdíwe danážį nahá) - beware lest you stand gazing on it!

► ex: ka-she-naⁿ na-ha (kašéną nahá) - don’t do that! [AB]

► Dhegiha: naⁿ-ha (naⁿha), noⁿ-ha (noⁿha) - imperative [Kaw]; na-ha-o (nahao) - imperative, masculine singular [Kaw]

 

promenade, Devil’s Promenade

► sh’a-taⁿ-ka o-ma-ni (šʔattą́ka ománi) - Devil's Promenade, OK

► cf. sh’a-taⁿ-ka (šʔattą́ka) - evil spirit, Satan, devil; o (o) - locative, place at which, at a place, culmination of a certain action or state, wherein a certain thing takes place, in, inside, into; maⁿ-niⁿ (mąnį́) - walk

► Dhegiha: ʰts’a ʰtoⁿ-ga (ṭs’á ṭoⁿ-ga) - ʰts’a (ṭs’á), a contraction of we-ʰts’a (we-ṭs’á) - snake; ʰtoⁿ-ga (ṭoⁿ-ga) - big; Satan, the Osage did not know the name of Satan till the missionaries came [FL-Osage]; ts’a ʰtaⁿ (cʔá ʰtą́ą) - devil, Satan; possibly a contraction of we-ts’a (wécʔa) - snake + ʰtaⁿ (htą́ą), ʰtaⁿ-ka (ʰtą́ka) - big; perhaps borrowed from English Satan [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: wa-noⁿ-xe pi-a-zhi (wanoⁿxe piazhi) - devil [Omaha]; wa-na-xe pi-a-zhi (wanáxe piäjĭ), iⁿ-gthaⁿ-xe pi-a-zhi (iñgȼaⁿxe piäjĭ), wa-kaⁿ-da pi-a-zhi (wakanda piäjĭ) - they never heard of Satan or the devil until they learned of him from the white people, now they have adopted the terms, “wanáxe piäjĭ,” “iñgȼaⁿxe piäjĭ,” and “wakanda piäjĭ,” the first is used by the Omaha and Ponka, the others were heard only among the Ponka [JOD-Omaha/Ponca]; wa-kaⁿ-da pi-zhi (wakáⁿda pízhi) - devil [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: u-maⁿ-thiⁿ (u-máⁿ-¢iⁿ) - to walk in; a walk; a distance for a walk, a walking distance [JOD-Omaha]; u-moⁿ-thiⁿ (u-móⁿ-thiⁿ) - to walk or move in, in it he moves [FL-Osage]; o-maⁿ-thiⁿ (omą́ðį) - walk in, be in, among, or throughout an area or a group of peple, be active within, live [CQ-Osage]; o-maⁿ-thiⁿ (ómąðį) - walk amoung folks, live among others [CQ-Osage]

 

prominence, spinal prominence

► ta-i-ta-kde (ttáittákde) - spinal prominence, vertebra near the nape of a horse’s neck

► cf. ta-i-ta (ttáittá) - neck; a-kde (akdé) - put; set a standing object upright upon a surface or within something which supports it; o-kde (okdé) - put lengthwise, to stand

► Dhegiha: ta-i-u-gthe (táiúgthe) - neck bone, bone in the lower back of the neck, into which the spine fits [Omaha/Ponca]; ta-i-u-gthe (tá-i-ú-g¢ĕ) - the lower bone in the back of the neck, the place into which the spine fits [JOD-Omaha]; ta-i u-gthe (tai úgthe) - hollow at the nape of the neck [Omaha]

► Dhegiha: ta-i-a-ta (taiáta) - at or near the back of the head [Omaha/Ponca]; ta-i-a-ta (ta-i-á-t͓a) - at or near the back of the head [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: ta-i (tái) - back of the head, from the parting of the hair on the crown to the neck [Omaha/Ponca]; ta-i (taí) - back of the head [Omaha]; ʰta-hiu (ṭá-hiu) - nape of the neck, the neck [FL-Osage]; ʰta-hu (ʰtáhu) - neck [CQ-Osage]; ta-hu (táhu) - neck [Kaw]

 

promise

► i-yi-yaⁿ (íyiyą́), i-e ’oⁿ (ié ʔǫ) - promise, threaten, speak of ► i-yi-ma (íyimą́) - I, i-yi-zhaⁿ (íyižą́) - you

► cf. i-e (ié) - say, talk, speak, word; ’oⁿ (ʔǫ) - do

 

prone

► gaⁿ i-he-de (gą ihéde), kaⁿ i-he-de (ką ihéde) - prone

► cf. gaⁿ (gą), kaⁿ (ką) - so; while; awhile; i-he-de (ihéde) - put a horizontal object; i-he (íhe) - horizontal, in a lying position; a-i-he-de (áihedé) - lay down a singular/lying/inanimate object;

► Dhegiha: gaⁿ (gaⁿ) - as, having, being; as, so; still, nevertheless, at any rate; and, and then [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: i-he-the (i-hé-¢ĕ) - to put or place a recl. an. ob. or lg. in. ob., as a tool, plank, etc. [JOD-Omaha]; i-he-the (í-hé-the) - to lay down a long object [FL-Osage]; i-he-the (i-hé-the) - to put a thing down, made to lie in death [FL-Osage]; i-he-ye (ihéye) - put down a singular, lying, inanimate object [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: i-he (i-hé) - after verbs, to be placed or laid [JOD-Omaha]; i-he (ihé) - lying object acted upon, post-verbal [Kaw]

 

prop up, brace

► i-ba-siⁿ-kde (íbasį́kde) - prop up, brace ► i-pa-siⁿ-a-kde (íppasįákde) - I, i-shpa-siⁿ-da-kde (íšpasįdákde) - you, oⁿ-noⁿ-ba-siⁿ-kde (ǫnǫ́basįkde) - we

► Dhegiha: zhoⁿ-i-tha-ba-t’u (zhóⁿithábat’u) - brace, prop; a brace or prop, as for a wall or building [Omaha/Ponca]; i-tha-ba-ʰts’u (i-thá-ba-ṭs’u) - to brace or support that which is liable to fall [FL-Osage]; i-ya-ba-ts’o (iyábats’o) - support, brace, prop up: used with inanimate subjects only, such as a stick or girder; a prop
[Kaw]

► Dhegiha: a-ba-t’u (ábat’u) - brace, prop; to brace or prop an object to keep it from falling [Omaha/Ponca]; a-ba-ts’o (ábats’o) - brace something, prop something up [Kaw]

 

property, give away someone’s property

► wa-ni-ki-de (waníkide) - give away someone’s property

► cf. wa-ni-de (waníde) - to be generous, give away; ni-ki-de (níkide) - to expend someone’s property; ni-wa-de (níwade) - exterminate, lit. “leave none”; ni-de hi (nidé hi) - use up, take or destroy all

► ex: o-ki-hi-ta ni-ki-de tʰe (okíhitta níkide tʰe) - he is anxious to expend it all

► Dhegiha: wa-thi e-the (wathi éthe) - give away [Omaha]; wa-ni-the (waníðe) - give things away, hold a giveaway, giveaway at i-loⁿ-shka (ilǫ́ǫška) dances and other special occasions [CQ-Osage]; wa-yiⁿ-ye (wayíⁿye) - give away freely, as gifts at a dance; to give to a stranger or to a member of another tribe [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ni-the (ní-the) - to spend money, to give away one’s own possessions till all are gone [FL-Osage]; ni-the (níðe) - give away, divest oneself of, be out of, be lacking [CQ-Osage]; yiⁿ-ye (yíⁿye) - exterminate, wipe out, to bring to nothing [Kaw]

 

property, keep one’s own property

► a-kda-niⁿ (akdánį) - keep one’s own (relation, property, etc.) ► a-ka-bniⁿ (akdábnį) - I

► a-kda-niⁿ (akdánį) - keeping his own, he having his own, having his own [JOD]

► cf. a-niⁿ (anį́) - have, keep

► ex: a-ka-bniⁿ (akdábnį) - I have my own, I had my own [JOD]

► ex: e-shaⁿ-taⁿ she-mi zhi-ka de naⁿ-hi a-kda-bniⁿ a-kdi (ešą́ttą šémižíka dé nąhí akdábnį akdí) - and then-little girl-this-only-I have my own-I have come home [JOD]

► ex: a-kda-bniⁿ pʰi (akdábnį pʰí) - I had my own-I came hither [JOD]

► ex: she-mi zhi-ka a-kda-bniⁿ pʰi (šémižíka akdábnį pʰí) - I came here with my little girl [JOD]

► ex: a-kda-niⁿ (akdánį) - keeping his own, he having his own, having his own [JOD]

► ex: e-da-te naⁿ-hi a-kda-niⁿ o-shte (edátte nąhí akdánį ošté) - her father-only-keeping his own-remained [JOD]

► ex: a-kda-niⁿ de (akdánį de) - take one’s own with one; to go with one’s own (relatives, etc.)

► ex: a-kda-niⁿ de (ákdanį́ dé) - she carried her own [JOD]

► ex: e e-ta taⁿ-ha kdi-ze a-taⁿ ti-a-ti kaⁿ a-kda-niⁿ de (é ettá tąhá kdíze áttą ttiátti ką ákdanį́ dé) - it was hers-because-she took her own-and-into the house-so-she carried her own [JOD]

► ex: a-kda-niⁿ hi (akdánį hi) - to come hither with one’s own [JOD]

► ex: a-kda-niⁿ kdi (akdánį kdí) - to have brought back one’s own

► ex: i-yo-wi taⁿ a-kda-niⁿ kdi kʰe (íyowi-ttą akdánį kdí kʰe) - when he was wounded they (his relations) brought him (or his body) home

► ex: wa-kda-niⁿ (wákdanį) - he has us, his relations

► ex: wa-kda-niⁿ hi (wákdanį hí) - she took them, her own, thither [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ naⁿ-zha wa-x’o zhi-ka niⁿ-kʰe shi-zhi-ka zho-wa-ki-kde wa-kda-niⁿ hi taⁿ a-di-xe (kóišǫ́ttą ną́ža waxʔó žiká nįkʰé šižíka žówakíkde wákdanį hí tą adiγé) - and then the old woman married him, she took her children along with her [JOD]

► ex: we-yo-wi taⁿ wa-kda-niⁿ kdi-we (wéyowi-ttą wákdanį kdiwé) - when we were shot they brought us back hither

► ex: a-ki-kda-niⁿ aⁿ-ta de (ákikdánį ą́ta dé) - she had her own (on) when she went [JOD]

► ex: ą́kdanį (ą́kdanį) - he has me, his relation

► ex: aⁿ-naⁿ-yo-wi taⁿ aⁿ-kda-niⁿ kdi-we (ąną́yowi-ttą ą́kdanį kdiwé) - when I was shot they brought me back hither

► ex: a-di-kda-niⁿ (adíkdanį) - he has you, his relation

► ex: i-di-yo-wi taⁿ a-di-kda-niⁿ kdi-we (ídiyowi-ttą adíkdanį kdiwé) - when you were shot they brought you back hither

► ex: i-da-kda-niⁿ (idákdanį́) - he had his own [JOD]

► ex: haⁿ-tʰaⁿ-hi ni-ka wa-x’o i-da-kda-niⁿ ta-bde da-we (hą́tʰąhí níkka waxʔó idákdanį́ tábde dáwe) - once upon a time, a man and his woman went hunting [JOD]

► Dhegiha: a-gtha-thiⁿ (agtháthiⁿ) - to have or keep one’s own [Omaha/Ponca]; a-gtha-thiⁿ (a-g¢á-¢iⁿ) - to have or keep his own [JOD-Omaha]; a-gtha-thiⁿ (a-gthá-thiⁿ) - keep as one’s own, to have or keep one’s own; to inherit, inheritance [FL-Osage]; a-la-thiⁿ (aláðį) - carry one’s item, carry along one’s items, carry or take one’s own, have or take as one’s own, inherit [CQ-Osage]; a-la-yiⁿ (aláyiⁿ) - have or keep one’s own [Kaw]

 

property, to have taken someone’s property

► a-ki-niⁿ hi-de (ákinį hidé) - to have taken someone’s property ► a-ki-bniⁿ hi-bde (akíbnį hibdé) - I, a-da-ki-tiⁿ hi-te (adákittį hitte) - you

► cf. a-ki-niⁿ (ákinį) - have or keep for someone; hi-de (hidé) - go, to have gone somewhere; a-ki-niⁿ de (ákinį de) - take away something for someone; a-ki-niⁿ hi (ákinį hi) - take something there for someone; a-ki-niⁿ kde (ákinį kdé) - to take from someone and go back [JOD]; a-ki-niⁿ kdi (ákinį kdi) - take away something for someone and come back to this place [JOD]; a-ki-niⁿ tʰi (ákinį tʰi) - to take/come after them, one’s own [JOD]

► Dhegiha: a-thiⁿ (áthiⁿ) - have, keep [Omaha]; a-thiⁿ (a-thíⁿ) - to have [FL-Osage]; a-thiⁿ (aðį́) - have, own, possess [CQ-Osage]; a-yiⁿ (ayíⁿ) - have, keep, get, hold [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: hi-the (hi-thé) - to have gone, to have departed; to cause to reach there, to send thither [FL-Osage]; hi-the (híðe) - send there, literally, cause to arrive there [CQ-Osage]; hi-ye (hiyé) - to have gone somewhere; send, lit. “cause to arrive there” [Kaw]

 

property, watch over someone else’s property

► a-ki-ta (ákkitta) - watch over someone else’s property ► a-a-ki-ta (áakkitta) - I, a-da-ki-ta (ádakkitta) - you, oⁿ-ka-ki-ta-we (ǫkákkittawe) - we

► Dhegiha: a-ki-da (ákida) - to guard or watch over, as property (not his own) [JOD-Omaha]; a-ʰki-da (á-ḳi-da) - officer or soldier; grenadier; policeman [FL-Osage]; a-ʰki-ta (áʰkita) - law enforcement, police, army, armed forces, soldier, armed person, officer, grenadier [CQ-Osage]; a-ki-da (ákida) - soldier, policeman, brave [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: a-gi-ki-da (á-gi-kí-da) - to watch over his own [JOD-Omaha]; i-gi-ki-da (í-gi-kí-da) - to watch over his property for him, or by his request [JOD-Omaha]; wa-ki-da (wákida) - a watchman; a shepard; to watch, to guard; to stay alone to guard a house or lodge [JOD-Omaha]; wa-ki-da (wakida) - sentry [Omaha]; wa-gi-ki-da (wá-gi-kí-da) - to watch over them, his own relation, animals, etc. [JOD-Omaha]

 

puberty, girl not yet reached puberty

► she-mi (šémi) - girl, not yet reached puberty

► she-mi (šémi) - girl [MS, MR, AG, OM]

► she-mi (šé˙mi) - girl [FS]

► cf. wi-to-shpa she-mi (wittóšpa šémi) - my granddaughter [MS, OM]; she-mi shi-ke (šémi šíké) - bad girl [AG]; she-mi ho-taⁿ hi (šémi hóttą hi) - pretty girl [MS]; she-mi zhi-ka (šémižíka) - baby girl [MS]

► ex: o-wi-ki ta miⁿ-kʰe, she-to da-bniⁿ aⁿ-ki-shte, she-mi she-to aⁿ-niⁿ-ke (owikki tta mįkhé šétto dábnį ą́kišté, semi šétto ąníke) - I'm going to tell you something, I only have three boys remaining (still alive), I have already lost a boy and a girl [MS]

► ex: e she-mi i-ta-de taⁿ naⁿ-haⁿ zhi-ka hi taⁿ ka-i-she-taⁿ hi taⁿ e-hoⁿ niⁿ-kʰe t’e (é šémi íttadé tą nąhą́ žiká hí tą ká-išétą hí tą ehǫ́ nįkʰé tʔe) - when the girl that was born reached puberty her mother died [JOD]

► ex: she-mi e-zhi ke hi taⁿ wa-hiⁿ-ska ho-taⁿ kʰe za-ni di-za-i taⁿ wa-haⁿ-niⁿ-ke taⁿ e-naⁿ kaⁿ-tʰaⁿ (šémi éži ke hí tą wahį́ska hóttą kʰe zaní dizá-i tą wahą́nįké tą eną́ ką-tʰą) - when the other girls arrived, they took all the good calico, the orphan just stood there [JOD]

► ex: de-do a-shka e-ti-tʰaⁿ she-mi e-naⁿ-hi wa-niⁿ e-ti-tʰaⁿ, i-ke niⁿ (dédo áška ettítʰą šémi eną́hí wánį ettítʰą, iké nį́) - near here one stands (a lodge), it only has girls, he said to her [JOD]

ex: iⁿ-ta-te, da-knoⁿ-ke koⁿ-bda, she-mi ke a-wa-ki-shka-te kaⁿ-a-ni-he koⁿ-bda (įttatté, dáknǫké kkǫbdá, šémi ke awákiškátte ką́-anihé kkǫbdá) - father, I want you to marry her, I want to play with the girls [JOD]

► Dhegiha: she-miⁿ-zhiⁿ-ga (shémiⁿzhíⁿga) - young woman, maiden [Omaha/Ponca]; she-mi-zhiⁿ-ga (she mizhiⁿga) - maiden, young girl [Omaha]; shi-mi-zhiⁿ-ga (shí-mi-zhiⁿ-ga), she-mi-zhiⁿ-ga (shé-mi zhiⁿ-ga) - a baby girl, a damsel, a maiden, a lassie [FL-Osage]; shi-mi (shí-mi) - same as shi-mi-zhiⁿ-ga (shi-mi-zhiⁿ-ga) - [FL-Osage]; shiⁿ-miⁿ zhiⁿ (šį́mįžį) - girl, baby girl, girlfriend [CQ-Osage]; shi-mi-hiⁿ-ga (shímihíⁿga), shi-miⁿ-hiⁿ-ga (shímiⁿhiⁿga) - girl, young woman, daughter [Kaw]

 

puberty, girl who has reached puberty

► naⁿ-haⁿ zhi-ka (ną́hą žiká) - girl who has reached puberty

► cf. naⁿ-haⁿ (ną́hą, nąhą́), naⁿ-hoⁿ (nąhǫ, nąhǫ́) - old, grown up, mature; zhi-ka (žiká), (žíka), zhi-ga (žigá) - small, little, young; naⁿ-hoⁿ-de (nąhǫ́de), naⁿ-haⁿ-de (nąhą́de) - cultivate, bring to maturity; ni-ka naⁿ-haⁿ (níkka ną́hą) - old man, grown man; wa-x’o naⁿ-haⁿ (waxʔó ną́hą) - old lady [MS]; iⁿ-da nyoⁿ-hoⁿ (įdanyǫ́hǫ) - older aunt [OM]; i-da-te naⁿ-haⁿ (idátte nąhą́) - a man’s father’s older brother

► ex: e she-mi i-ta-de taⁿ naⁿ-haⁿ zhi-ka hi taⁿ ka-i-she-taⁿ hi taⁿ e-hoⁿ niⁿ-kʰe t’e (é šémi íttadé tą nąhą́ žiká hí tą ká-išétą hí tą ehǫ́ nįkʰé tʔe) - when the girl that was born reached puberty her mother died [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ e-koⁿ niⁿ naⁿ-haⁿ zhi-ka hi taⁿ kaⁿ-taⁿ naⁿ (kóišǫ́ttą ékǫ nį́ nąhą́ žiká hí tą ką-tą́ ną) - then, she went along like that for sometime until she was grown (reached puberty) [JOD]

ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ e-shoⁿ-hi naⁿ-haⁿ zhi-ka hi taⁿ naⁿ (kóišǫ́ttą ešǫhí nąhą́ žiká hí tą́ ną) - then, after some time, she grew a little larger (a little older) [JOD]

► Dhegiha: noⁿ-hoⁿ (nóⁿ-hoⁿ) - older person [FL-Osage]; noⁿ-hoⁿ (nóⁿhoⁿ) - adult [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: shiⁿ-ʰto noⁿ-hoⁿ (shíⁿ-ṭo-noⁿ-hoⁿ) - a bachelor, a single man [FL-Osage]; shi-do noⁿ-hoⁿ (shído noⁿhoⁿ) - a youth, a young man that is nearly grown [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: wa-k’o noⁿ-hoⁿ (wakʔó nǫ́hǫ́) - a woman who has been married, but who is now alone, a widow [JOD-Osage]; wa-k’o noⁿ-hoⁿ (wak’ó noⁿhóⁿ) - grown woman [Kaw]

 

pubic region of abdomen, belly

► o-zi-zi (ozízi) - belly, pubic region of abdomen

► o-zi-zi (ozízi) - belly [MS]

 

puffy, small puffy clouds

► ma-xpi ka-xde-xde (maxpí kaxdéxde) - small puffy clouds

► cf. ma-xpi (maxpí) - cloud; ka-xde-xde (kaxdéxde) - smash, break something brittle; ka-xde (kaxdé) - smash, break a brittle object

► Dhegiha: ma-xpi (maqpí) - cloud [Omaha/Ponca]; moⁿ-xpi (moⁿ-xpí) - clouds; low clouds; thunder clouds [Omaha]; ma-xpi (ma-qpí) - cloud; clouds [JOD-Omaha]; moⁿ-xpi (moⁿ-xpí) - cloud; cloudy [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-xpu (mą́xpu), moⁿ-xpu (mǫ́xpu) - cloud, cloudy [CQ-Osage]; ma-xpu (maxpú), maⁿ-xpu (maⁿxpú), mo-xpu (moxpú) - cloud; clouds; be cloudy [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ga-xthe-xthe-ge (ga-xthé-xthe-ge) - to crack into small pieces [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: ga-xthe-ge (ga-xthé-ge) - to crack something brittle like glass, china, or stone [FL-Osage]; ka-le-ke (kaaléke) - shatter or break, shatter by striking or by sudden movement, fracture; crack, break, be broken [CQ-Osage]; ga-xle-ge (gaxlége) - smash or break a solid, hard object, such as an egg, glass, ice, stone, wood, or bone [Kaw]

 

pull a bowstring

► maⁿ-te di-taⁿ (mą́tte dittą́) - pull a bowstring ► bdi-taⁿ (bdíttą) - I, ti-taⁿ (ttíttą) - you

► cf. maⁿ-te (mą́tte) - bow; di-taⁿ (dittą́) - pull with the hands, tug; maⁿ di-taⁿ (mądíttą) - shoot, pull the bow

► Dhegiha: moⁿ-de (móⁿde) - a bow [Omaha/Ponca]; maⁿ-de (mánde) - bow [JOD-Omaha]; miⁿ-dse (míⁿ-dse) - bow [FL-Osage]; miⁿ-tse (mį́ce) - bow [CQ-Osage]; miⁿ-je (míⁿje) - bow [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: thi-daⁿ (¢idáⁿ) - pull [JOD-Omaha]; thi-doⁿ (thi-dóⁿ) - to pull with the hands; to tug [FL-Osage]; thi-taⁿ (ðiitą́) - pull; drag, tug [CQ-Osage]; yu-daⁿ (yudáⁿ) - pull on something with the hands, tug on something; drag something [Kaw]

 

pull a tooth

► hi di-shto-te (hi dištótte) - pull a tooth

► cf. hi (hi) - teeth, tooth; di-shto-te (dištótte) - pull off, uproot

► Dhegiha: hi (hi) - tooth, teeth [Omaha/Ponca]; hi (hi) - tooth [Omaha]; hi (hi) - a tooth; teeth [JOD-Omaha]; hi (hi) - tooth ot teeth [FL-Osage]; hi (híi) - tooth, teeth [CQ-Osage]; hi (hi) - tooth, teeth [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: thi-zhnu-de (¢iɔnúde) - pulled off; pulling it off [JOD-Omaha]; thi-stsu-dse (thi-stsú-dse) - to draw or pull off; to draw, as to pull [FL-Osage]; thi-shto-e (ðiištóe), thi-shto-we (ðiištówe), thi-shto-wi (ðiištówi), thi-shto (ðiištó) - take off or remove a garment; undress; remove or take off by pulling, pull off (e.g., a shoe or boot); pull (e.g., a tooth) to remove it [CQ-Osage]; yu-shto-je (yushtóje) - remove a garment; take off an article of clothing; undress [Kaw]; yu-shtso-je (yushcóje), yu-shto-je (yushtóje) - pull up a peg, pull up on something [Kaw]

 

pull along, lead

► di-sto-we (distówe) - lead, pull along ► bdi-sto-we (bdístowe) - I, ti-sto-we (ttístowe) - you

► cf. a-sto-we (ástowe) - slide; ki-kdi-sto-we (kkikdístowe) - crawl on one’s stomach

► Dhegiha: we-thi-znu (wéthiznu) - something to pull or drag along by, as a lariat fastened to a sled [Omaha/Ponca]; thi-znu (thiçnu) - drag, pull, tow [Omaha]; a-ga-stu-e (a-ga-çtu-e) - slides [FL-Osage]

 

pull apart, separate

► di-bda (dibdá) - pull apart, separate ► bdi-bda (bdíbda) - I, ti-bda (ttíbda) - you

► cf. a-di-bda (ádibda) - spread out one object on another, as a robe on a horse or a table cloth on a table

► Dhegiha: thi-btha (thibtha) - unfold [Omaha]; thi-btha (¢ib¢á) - spread out [JOD-Omaha]; thi-btha (thi-bthá) - to spread a robe or blanket [FL-Osage]; thi-bra (ðíbra), thu-bra (ðúbra) - spread, spread out, as a cloth [CQ-Osage]; yu-bla (yublá) - spread out or hang up to dry, corn, clothes [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: btha (btha) - open, spread; to open, to spread out; to be opened or spread out [Omaha/Ponca]; btha (b¢a) - open, spread out [JOD-Omaha]; bla (bla) - spread out, as dishes on the table [Kaw]

 

pull apart, undo, unravel

► di-she (dišé) - undo, unravel, pull apart ► bdi-she (bdíše) - I, ti-she (ttíše) - you

► Dhegiha: thi-she-thoⁿ (thishethoⁿ) - disconnect; destroy; destruction; wreck; erase; cancel [Omaha]; thi-she-thoⁿ thi-shtoⁿ (thishethoⁿ thishtoⁿ) - disconnected; abolished [Omaha]; wa-xiⁿ-xa thi-she-thoⁿ (waxiⁿxa thishethoⁿ) - divorce [Omaha]

 

pull around, turn something

► o-di-taⁿ-da (odíttąda) - turn something, pull around1 ► o-bdi-taⁿ-da (obdíttąda) - I, o-ti-taⁿ-da (ottíttąda) - you

► cf. o-di (odí) action by pulling; zhaⁿ o-di-taⁿ-da (žą ódittą́da) - wagon, cart; zhoⁿ o-di-taⁿ-da (jon-udit-tontah) - cart (char[r]ette) [GI]; o-bi-taⁿ-taⁿ-da (obíttąttą́da) - roll something repeatedly in something; iⁿ-kde o-ba-toⁿ-da (įkdé obáttǫda) - tumble bug, “dung roller”; o-di-taⁿ-taⁿ-da (odíttąttą́da) - roll something over and over; o-ka-toⁿ-ta (okáttǫta) - wheel; pe-te zhoⁿ-di-taⁿ-da ti (ppétte žǫ́dittą́da ttí) - train, lit. “fire wagon house”; zhaⁿ-di-taⁿ-da (žą́dittą́da) - wagon, “running wood”; zhoⁿ-di-taⁿ-da zhi-ka (žǫ́dittą́da žiká) - small wagon [JOD]; zhoⁿ di-taⁿ-da so-te (žǫ́ dit ą́da sotté) - train, “wagon go fast” [MS]; pe-te zhoⁿ di-taⁿ-da so-te (pétte žǫ́ ditądá sotté) - railroad engine [JOD]; pe-te zhoⁿ-di-taⁿ-da (ppétte žǫ́dittą́da) - locomotive, lit. “fire wagon”; pe-te zhoⁿ-di-taⁿ-da o-zhoⁿ-ke (ppétte žǫ́dittą́da ožǫke) - railway lit. “fire wagon road”

► Dhegiha: u-thi-ʰtoⁿ-tha (u-thí-ṭoⁿ-tha) - anything propelled by rolling: a wagon, buggy; a carriage; anything that is controlled [FL-Osage]; o-thi-ʰtaⁿ (oðíʰtą) - car, wagon, describes a rolling motion [CQ-Osage]; o-yu-taⁿ-ya (oyútaⁿya), (óyutaⁿya) - wagon, cart [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: thi-ʰtoⁿ-tha (thi-ṭóⁿ-tha) - to roll [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: ʰtoⁿ-tha (ṭoⁿ-tha) - rolling, to roll or make run [FL-Osage]; ʰtaⁿ-tha (ʰtą́ąða) - roll, rolling [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: u-ga-toⁿ-toⁿ-tha (uga toⁿtoⁿtha) - tumble [Omaha]; o-ga-ʰtoⁿ-tha (o-ga-ṭoⁿ-tha) - sent rolling upon the ground [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: u-ba-ʰtoⁿ-tha (u-bá-ṭoⁿ-tha) - to roll, as a heavy object [FL-Osage]; o-ba-taⁿ-ya (obátaⁿya) - roll something, roll something over, to roll something, to roll an object over by pushing, said of the act of the tumblebug and kindred beetles in making balls of manure [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: u-bi-taⁿ-taⁿ-tha (u-bí-t͓aⁿ-t͓áⁿ-¢a) - to bear or lean against a heavy log, etc., making it roll over and over [Omaha/Ponca]; bi-ʰtoⁿ-tha (bi-ṭoⁿ-tha) - rolling [FL-Osage]; we-bi-ʰtoⁿ-tha (wé-bi-ṭoⁿ-tha) - a rolling pin [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: u-ʰki-pa-ʰtoⁿ-tha (u-ḳi-pa-ṭoⁿ-tha) - to roll over and over [FL-Osage]; u-ki-pa-taⁿ (ukípatáⁿ) - rolled himself over [JOD-Omaha]; be-taⁿ-taⁿ (betáⁿtaⁿ) - rolled up several times [JOD-Omaha]; bu-ʰtoⁿ-tha (bu-ṭóⁿ-tha) - to shoot and send rolling [FL-Osage]

 

pull at, pull over, upset

► di-xtaⁿ (dixtą́) - pull at, pull over, upset ► bdi-xtaⁿ (bdíxtą) - I, ti-xtaⁿ (ttíxtą) - you

► cf. ka-xtaⁿ (kaxtą́) - pour out, empty something; a-ka-xtaⁿ (ákaxtą) - pour water on, baptize; naⁿ-xtaⁿ (nąxtą́) - kick over, spill

► Dhegiha: xtoⁿ (qtoⁿ) - drip, pour [Omaha/Ponca]; pe ni a-ga-xtoⁿ (péni agaxtoⁿ) - baptize, anoint [Omaha]; thi-xtoⁿ (thixtoⁿ) - drain [Omaha]; xtoⁿ (xtoⁿ) - to spill, to slop over [FL-Osage]; ni ga-xtoⁿ (ní-ga-xtoⁿ) - to pour water, to spill water [FL-Osage]; wa-ga-xtoⁿ (wagáxtoⁿ) - the act of pouring water [FL-Osage]; o-ka-xtaⁿ (okáxtą), o-ka-xta (okáxta) - pour or dump out [CQ-Osage]; thi-xtaⁿ (ðixtą́) - pour, draw water or run water [CQ-Osage]; xtaⁿ (xtáⁿ) - leak in, drip out, empty out, spill [Kaw]; ba-xtaⁿ (baxtáⁿ) - spill, push over a container; to push or bump against a barrel or other vessel having water in it, forcing it over, and spilling its contents; to push or bump against a vessel and cause some of the liquid contents to be spilled without upsetting the vessel [Kaw]; ga-xtaⁿ (gaxtáⁿ) - pour out, empty out, throw out dirt [Kaw]; a-ga-xtaⁿ (ágaxtaⁿ) - powder, baby powder, lit. “spill it on” [Kaw]

 

pull down something as a window

► di-to-shi (dittóši) - pull down something as a window ► bdi-to-shi (bdíttoši) - I, ti-to-shi (ttíttoši) - you

► cf. di (di) - by hand, pulling; to-shi (toší) - low, lower; i-ha-zho to-shi (íhažó toší) - lower lip; i-shta-ha to-shi (ištáha toší) - lower eyelid; to-shi-hi-ta (tóšihítta) - at the bottom of something

► Dhegiha: thi-nu-shi (thi nushi) - dim [Omaha]; nu-shi (núshi) - low [Omaha/Ponca]; nu-shi (nú-ci) - low [JOD-Omaha]; ni-shi-xchi (núshiqchi) - very low [Omaha/Ponca]; ga-nu-shi (ganúshi) - to cut or throw low [Omaha/Ponca]; nu-shi-a-ha (núshiáha) - low, short, down below [Omaha/Ponca]; nu-shi-a-ha-xchi (núshiáhaqchi) - very low [Omaha/Ponca]

 

pull down, as a fence

► di-shka (dišká) - pull down, as a fence ► bdi-shka (bdíška) - I, ti-shka (ttíška) - you

► cf. di-shke (dišké) - untie, loosen, open

► Dhegiha: thi-shke (thishke) - untie [Omaha]; thi-shke (thi-shke), (thu-shké) - to untie a knot, to loosen, to untie [FL-Osage]; yu-shke (yushké) - untie something, as a knot [Kaw]

 

pull down, bend down

► di-be-x’iⁿ (díbexʔį́) - bend down, pull down ► bdi-be-x’iⁿ (bdíbexʔį) - I, ti-be-x’iⁿ (ttíbexʔį) - you

► cf. a-di-be-xiⁿ (ádibexį́) - fold down; hoⁿ-biⁿ-ta-a-ha a-di-be-xiⁿ (hǫbį́tteáha ádibexį́) - turn down the flaps of moccasins

 

pull gently on something

► i-we-pi-aⁿ-hi (íweppią́hi)  - pull, bite, tug gently on something ► i-we-pi-maⁿ-hi (íweppimą́hi) - I, i-we-shpi-zhaⁿ-hi (íwešpižą́hi) - you

► cf. i-we-pi-aⁿ (íweppią́) - hit softly, lightly

 

pull hard on a rope

► di-kaⁿ-tiⁿ-tiⁿ (dikką́ttįttį́) - pull hard on a rope ► bdi-kaⁿ-tiⁿ-tiⁿ (bdíkkąttįttį) - I, ti-kaⁿ-tiⁿ-tiⁿ (ttíkkąttįttį) - you

► cf. di (di) - by hand, pulling; koⁿ (kkǫ), kaⁿ (kką) - root of a plant, sinew, string, line; di-kaⁿ-tiⁿ (dikką́ttį) - pull on a rope

 

pull into shreds or slivers

► di-ste-ste (distéste) - pull into shreds, slivers ► bdi-ste-ste (bdísteste) - I, ti-ste-ste (ttísteste) - you

► cf. di-ste (disté) - split, pull off string; ba-ste-ste (bastéste) - cut to shreds, stab repeatedly; bi-ste-ste (bistéste) - split repeatedly, shred; da-ste-ste (dásteste) - chew into slivers; ka-ste-ste (kastéste) - cut or beat to shreds/slivers; ka-ste-ste-ye (kastésteye) - to have cut to shreds; naⁿ-ste-ste (nąstéste) - kick or tread to pieces; pa-ste-ste (pásteste) - cut to slivers, split often; po-ste-ste (pósteste) - shoot or punch to slivers

► Dhegiha: thi-stse-stse-ge (thi-stsé-stse-ge) - to tear into shreds [FL-Osage]; yu-stse-stse-ge (yuscéscege) - cut into strips, pull to shreds [Kaw]

 

pull lightly on something

► ki-zho-wa-zhi (kkižówaži) - pull lightly on something ► a-ki-zho-wa-zhi (akkížowaži) - I, da-ki-zho-wa-zhi (dakkížowaži) - you

► cf. a-zho-wa hi (ažowá hi) - as fast as possible [JOD]; a-zho-wa xti (ážowá xti) - with a great effort, with all one’s might [JOD]; ki-zho-wa (kižówa) - quick, handy; zhi (ži) - not, negative, negation

 

pull loose, undo, untie

► di-kda (dikdá) - undo, untie, pull loose ► bdi-kda (bdíkda) - I, ti-kda (ttíkda) - you

► cf. di (di) - by hand, pulling; bi-kda (bikdá) - press out, push/blow loose; da-kda (dakdá) - undo with the mouth, teeth; ka-kda (kakdá) - sway; naⁿ-kda (nąkdá) - loosen; come undone, as a shoelace

► Dhegiha: thi-gtha (thigtha) - unroll, untie [Omaha]; thi-gtha-tha (thi-gthá-tha) - to unravel, unbraid [FL-Osage]; yu-la-ya (yuláya) - unravel, unbraid, separate with the hand; straighten coiled wire by pulling; pull open or separate, as the leaves of a book, by turning with the hand; open out, spread out, as the hand [Kaw]

 

pull off

► o-di-shto-te (odíštotte) - to pull off

► cf. di-shto-te (dištótte) - pull off, uproot; hi di-shto-te (hi dištótte) - pull a tooth; hoⁿ-pe ki-di-shto-te (hǫpé kidištótte) - to pull off someone’s moccasins; ka-shto-te (kaštótte) - open a barrel; kdi-shto-te (kdištótte) - take off, remove one’s own; o-naⁿ-shto-te (oną́štotte) - to kick off, remove by kicking [JOD]; o-shto-te (oštótte) - broken in, caved in

► ex: o-di-shto-te (odíštotte) - he pulled it off [JOD]

► ex: ha kʰe bdo-ka hi o-di-shto-te (há kʰe bdóka hí odíštotte) - he pulled off all the skin [JOD]

► ex: haⁿ-ka e-zhiⁿ-ke ha kʰe o-di-shto-te o-ba-haⁿ a-taⁿ ma-xi-wa-de tʰaⁿ i-ya-we, haⁿ-ka e-zhiⁿ-ke i-niⁿ-aⁿ-we ke i-ya-we, ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-tʰaⁿ i-ya-we (hą́ka ežį́ke há kʰe odíštotte obáhą attą́ maγíwadé tʰą́ iyáwe, hą́ka ežį́ke etʰą́ inįą́we ké iyáwé, maštį́ke etʰą́ iyáwe) - he skinned Haⁿ-ka’s son, put on his skin and tricked them, they thought that rabbit was Haⁿ-ka’s son, they say [JOD]

► Dhegiha: thi-zhnu-de (¢iɔnúde) - pulled off; pulling it off [JOD-Omaha]; shoⁿ-de thi-zhnu-de (sho ⁿdé thizhnúde) - to castrate, “to pull out the contents of the scrotum” [Omaha/Ponca]; we-thi-zhnu-de (wéthizhnúde) - tack drawer, “something for pulling out” [Omaha/Ponca]; gi-thi-zhnu-de (gí¢iɔnúde) - he pulled out for him [JOD-Omaha]; gthi-zhnu-de (g¢íɔnude) - pulled off his [JOD-Omaha]; a-ba-zhnu-de (ábazhnúde) - push off, shove off, as one’s coat [Omaha/Ponca]; tha-zhnu-de (thazhnúde) - to pull out a splinter or small nail with the teeth [Omaha/Ponca]; thi-stsu-dse (thi-stsú-dse) - to draw or pull off; to draw, as to pull [FL-Osage]; a-noⁿ-stsu-dse (á-noⁿ-stsu-dse) - kick off, as a shoe [FL-Osage]; hoⁿ-be a-gthi-stsu-dse (hoⁿ-be a-gthi-stsu-dse) - I pulled off my moccasins [FL-Osage]; hoⁿ-be tha-gthi-stsu-dse (hoⁿ-bé tha-gthi-stsu-dse) - you pulled off your moccasins [FL-Osage]; thi-shto-e (ðiištóe), thi-shto-we (ðiištówe), thi-shto-wi (ðiištówi), thi-shto (ðiištó) - take off or remove a garment; undress; remove or take off by pulling, pull off (e.g., a shoe or boot); pull (e.g., a tooth) to remove it [CQ-Osage]; yu-shto-je (yushtóje) - remove a garment; take off an article of clothing; undress [Kaw]; yu-shtso-je (yushcóje), yu-shto-je (yushtóje) - pull up a peg, pull up on something [Kaw]

 

pull off and cause to fall

► o-di-xpa-de (odíxpade) - pull off and cause to fall ► o-bdi-xpa-de (obdixpade) - I, o-ti-xpa-de (ottixpade) - you

► cf. di (di) - by hand, pulling; o-xpa-de (oxpáde) - fall from a height; mi-ka-x’e o-xpa-de (mikkáxʔe oxpáde) - meteor, shooting star, falling star; ni o-xpa-de (ní oxpáde) - waterfall; o-ki-xpa-de (okíxpade) - lose something; o-ba-xpa-de (obáxpade) - push off and cause to fall; o-bi-xpa-de (obíxpade) - cause to fall by pressure or weight; o-ka-xpa-de (okáxpade) - knock off, cause to fall off; o-naⁿ-xpa-de (oną́xpade) - kick something down; o-po-xpa-de (opóxpade) - shoot down

► Dhegiha: u-thi-xpa-the (uthíxpathe) - drop, fumble, eliminate [Omaha]; o-yu-xpa-ye (oyúxpaye) - let fall from the hand, to lose [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: u-xpa-the (uqpá¢ĕ) - to be lost, to lose his place; to fall from a height [JOD-Omaha]; u-xpa-the (uxpathe) - fell, fall [Omaha]; u-xpa-the (u-xpá-the) - lost, to become lost; to feel around with the hands in the dark, to grope; to fall [FL-Osage]; o-xpa-the (oxpáðe) - fall from a height; get lost, become lost, lose [CQ-Osage]; o-xpa-ye (oxpáye) - fall from a height, fall off, to fall from a height; get lost, become lost [Kaw]

 

pull off balance

► di-shoⁿ-da-da (dišǫ́dadá) - pull off balance ► bdi-shoⁿ-da-da (bdíšǫdada) - I, ti-shoⁿ-da-da (ttíšǫdada) - you

► cf. di-shoⁿ (dišǫ́), di-shoⁿ-da (dišǫdá) - pull over and spill (liquid); di-shaⁿ (dišą) - spill, pull over a vessel; shoⁿ-da-da (šǫ́dada) - unsteady, insecure; ba-shoⁿ-da-da (bašǫ́dada) - loosen, destabilize pushing at; bi-shoⁿ-da-da (bišǫ́dada) - upset, make unsteady pressing; da-shoⁿ-da-da (dašǫ́dadá) - undermine; ka-shoⁿ-da-da (kašǫ́dada) - undercut by striking, chopping; naⁿ-shoⁿ-da-da (nąšǫ́dadá) - destabilize with the foot; kick loose; pa-shoⁿ-da-da (pášǫdadá) - undercut, undermine; po-shoⁿ-da-da (póšǫdadá) - make top heavy by thrusting at; ta-shoⁿ-da-da (tášǫdadá) - top heavy, unsteady by burning, said of a fire, not a personal act; naⁿ-te shoⁿ-da-da-zhi (ną́tte šǫ́dadáži) - stout hearted

 

► di-ta-kiⁿ-kiⁿ (dittakkį́kkį) - pull off balance ► bdi-ta-kiⁿ-kiⁿ (bdíttakkįkkį) - I, ti-ta-kiⁿ-kiⁿ (ttíttakkįkkį) - you

► cf. di (di) - by hand, pulling; ta-kiⁿ-kiⁿ (ttakkį́kkį) - stagger

► Dhegiha: ta-kʰiⁿ-kʰiⁿ (tákʰiⁿkʰiⁿ) - stagger walking, totter walking, to stagger or trotter when walking on a secure foundation, used only for persons [Omaha/Ponca]

 

pull off someone’s moccasins

► hoⁿ-pe ki-di-shto-te (hǫpé kidištótte) - to pull off someone’s moccasins

► cf. di-shto-te (dištótte) - pull off, uproot; ka-shto-te (kaštótte) - open a barrel; kdi-shto-te (kdištótte) - take off, remove one’s own; o-di-shto-te (odíštotte) - he pulled it off [JOD]; o-naⁿ-shto-te (onąštotte) - to kick off, remove by kicking [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ-pe i-maⁿ-ta ma-sa-ni ki-di-shto-ta-i ni-he (hǫpé imą́tta masáni kidíštotá-inihé) - pull off her other shoe, the one on the other side! [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ kaⁿ-iⁿ kda-i taⁿ, “hoⁿ-pe i-maⁿ-ta ma-sa-ni ki-di-shto-ta-i ni-he,” i-we-ki niⁿ i-ya ni-kaⁿ-saⁿ (kóišǫ́ttą ką́į kdá-i tą, “hǫpé imą́tta masáni kidíštotá-i nihé,” iwéki nį́ iyá nikkąsą́) - then-just as they started home-when-shoe-other one-on one side-pull ye it off from her-he was saying it to them-it is said-police [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ-pe ki-di-shto-ta-i (hǫp͓é kidíštotá-i) - shoe-they pulled off from her [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ e-ti a-ka-sa-ni taⁿ e-ti hoⁿ-pe ki-di-shto-ta-i niⁿ-kʰe-ta hoⁿ-pe niⁿ-kʰe a-niⁿ zhaⁿ-di-taⁿ-da zhi-ka o-kniⁿ a-taⁿ tʰi-we (kóišǫ́ttą étti ákasáni tą étti hǫp͓é kidíštotá-i nįkʰétta hǫ́p͓é nįkʰé ánį žą́dittą́da žiká oknį áttą tʰíwe) - then-there-the next morning-when-there-shoe-they pulled off from her-to the st. one-shoe-the part-having it-when-wagon-small-sat in-and-they came [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ-pe ki-di-shto-ta-wi (hǫpé kidíštottáwi) - shoe-they pulled it off from her [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ shoⁿ-ke-a-kniⁿ tʰaⁿ-ta a-ki-kniⁿ taⁿ kaⁿ-iⁿ kde taⁿ hoⁿ-pe ki-di-shto-ta-wi (kóišǫ́ttą šǫ́keáknį tʰąttá ákiknį́ tą ką́į kdé tą hǫpé kidíštottáwi) - then-horse-to the std.-she sat on her own-when-just as she was starting home-when-shoe-they pulled it off from her [JOD]

► Dhegiha: thi-zhnu-de (¢iɔnúde) - pulled off; pulling it off [JOD-Omaha]; shoⁿ-de thi-zhnu-de (sho ⁿdé thizhnúde) - to castrate, “to pull out the contents of the scrotum” [Omaha/Ponca]; we-thi-zhnu-de (wéthizhnúde) - tack drawer, “something for pulling out” [Omaha/Ponca]; gi-thi-zhnu-de (gí¢iɔnúde) - he pulled out for him [JOD-Omaha]; gthi-zhnu-de (g¢íɔnude) - pulled off his [JOD-Omaha]; a-ba-zhnu-de (ábazhnúde) - push off, shove off, as one’s coat [Omaha/Ponca]; tha-zhnu-de (thazhnúde) - to pull out a splinter or small nail with the teeth [Omaha/Ponca]; thi-stsu-dse (thi-stsú-dse) - to draw or pull off; to draw, as to pull [FL-Osage]; a-noⁿ-stsu-dse (á-noⁿ-stsu-dse) - kick off, as a shoe [FL-Osage]; hoⁿ-be a-gthi-stsu-dse (hoⁿ-be a-gthi-stsu-dse) - I pulled off my moccasins [FL-Osage]; hoⁿ-be tha-gthi-stsu-dse (hoⁿ-bé tha-gthi-stsu-dse) - you pulled off your moccasins [FL-Osage]; thi-shto-e (ðiištóe), thi-shto-we (ðiištówe), thi-shto-wi (ðiištówi), thi-shto (ðiištó) - take off or remove a garment; undress; remove or take off by pulling, pull off (e.g., a shoe or boot); pull (e.g., a tooth) to remove it [CQ-Osage]; yu-shto-je (yushtóje) - remove a garment; take off an article of clothing; undress [Kaw]; yu-shtso-je (yushcóje), yu-shto-je (yushtóje) - pull up a peg, pull up on something [Kaw]

 

pull off something adhering

► di-shpe (dišpé) - pull off something adhering ► bdi-shpe (bdíšpe) - I, ti-shpe (ttíšpe) - you

► cf. di-shpa-shpa (dišpášpa) - tear into pieces; i-di-shpe (ídišpe) - break off, break out; ka-shpe (kašpé) - cut off, knock off a piece; i-ka-shpe (íkašpe) - break from weight; pa-shpe (pášpĕ) - to cut out a piece or portion with a knife [JOD]; pa-shpa-shpa (pášpašpa) - dice, cut into small pieces; o-shpe (ošpé) - fragment; zhoⁿ o-toⁿ o-shpe (žǫ́ ottǫ́ ošpé) - trees in a curvilinear clump; zhoⁿ o-toⁿ o-shpa-shpa (žǫ́ ottǫ́ ošpášpa) - trees in scattered clumps

► Dhegiha: thi-shpe (thishpe) - wound, gouge [Omaha]; thi-shpe (thíshpe) - to break off a piece [FL-Osage]; yu-shpe (yushpé) - pinch off, pull off a piece; to shell (corn) [Kaw]

 

pull off string, split

► di-ste (disté) - split, pull off string ► bdi-ste (bdíste) - I, ti-ste (ttíste) - you

► cf. di-ste-ste (distéste) - pull into shreds, slivers; ba-ste (basté) - cut into, gash; ba-ste-ste (bastéste) - cut to shreds, stab repeatedly; bi-ste (bisté) - split, gash; bi-ste-ste (bistéste) - split repeatedly, shred; da-ste (dasté) - split with teeth; da-ste-ste (dásteste) - chew into slivers; ka-ste (kasté) - gash, split something; ka-ste-ste (kastéste) - cut or beat to shreds/slivers; naⁿ-ste (nąsté) - kick a gash in something; naⁿ-ste-ste (nąstéste) - kick or tread to pieces; pa-ste (páste) - gash, cut with a knife blade; pa-ste-ste (pásteste) - cut to slivers, split often; po-ste (póste) - graze shooting and gash; po-ste-ste (pósteste) - shoot or punch to slivers

 

pull off, uproot

► di-shto-te (dištótte) - pull off, uproot ► bdi-shto-te (bdíštotte) - I, ti-shto-te (ttíštotte) - you

► cf. o-di-shto-te (odíštotte) - to pull off [JOD]; hi di-shto-te (hi dištótte) - pull a tooth; hoⁿ-pe ki-di-shto-te (hǫpé kidištótte) - to pull off someone’s moccasins; ka-shto-te (kaštótte) - open a barrel; kdi-shto-te (kdištótte) - take off, remove one’s own; o-naⁿ-shto-te (oną́štotte) - to kick off, remove by kicking [JOD]; o-shto-te (oštótte) - broken in, caved in

► Dhegiha: thi-zhnu-de (¢iɔnúde) - pulled off; pulling it off [JOD-Omaha]; shoⁿ-de thi-zhnu-de (sho ⁿdé thizhnúde) - to castrate, “to pull out the contents of the scrotum” [Omaha/Ponca]; we-thi-zhnu-de (wéthizhnúde) - tack drawer, “something for pulling out” [Omaha/Ponca]; gi-thi-zhnu-de (gí¢iɔnúde) - he pulled out for him [JOD-Omaha]; gthi-zhnu-de (g¢íɔnude) - pulled off his [JOD-Omaha]; a-ba-zhnu-de (ábazhnúde) - push off, shove off, as one’s coat [Omaha/Ponca]; tha-zhnu-de (thazhnúde) - to pull out a splinter or small nail with the teeth [Omaha/Ponca]; thi-stsu-dse (thi-stsú-dse) - to draw or pull off; to draw, as to pull [FL-Osage]; a-noⁿ-stsu-dse (á-noⁿ-stsu-dse) - kick off, as a shoe [FL-Osage]; hoⁿ-be a-gthi-stsu-dse (hoⁿ-be a-gthi-stsu-dse) - I pulled off my moccasins [FL-Osage]; hoⁿ-be tha-gthi-stsu-dse (hoⁿ-bé tha-gthi-stsu-dse) - you pulled off your moccasins [FL-Osage]; thi-shto-e (ðiištóe), thi-shto-we (ðiištówe), thi-shto-wi (ðiištówi), thi-shto (ðiištó) - take off or remove a garment; undress; remove or take off by pulling, pull off (e.g., a shoe or boot); pull (e.g., a tooth) to remove it [CQ-Osage]; yu-shto-je (yushtóje) - remove a garment; take off an article of clothing; undress [Kaw]; yu-shtso-je (yushcóje), yu-shto-je (yushtóje) - pull up a peg, pull up on something [Kaw]

 

pull on a rope

► di-kaⁿ-tiⁿ (dikką́ttį) - pull on a rope ► bdi-kaⁿ-tiⁿ (bdíkkąttį) - I, ti-kaⁿ-tiⁿ-tiⁿ (ttíkkąttį) - you

► cf. di (di) - by hand, pulling; koⁿ (kkǫ), kaⁿ (kką) - root of a plant, sinew, string, line; di-kaⁿ-tiⁿ (dikką́ttį) - pull on a rope

 

pull one’s own

► kdi-ti-ze (kdittíze) - pull one’s own ► a-kdi-ti-ze (akdíttize) - I, da-kdi-ti-ze (dakdíttize) - you

► cf. di-ti-ze (dittíze) - move by pulling something; ki-kdi-ti-ze (kkíkdittíze) - move something for one’s own benefit; ba-ti-ze (battíze), ba-tʰi-ze (batʰíze) - move something by pushing; bi-ti-ze (bittíze) - move something by pressing or blowing; i-ti-ze (íttize) - clean out the house; kda-ti-ze (kdattíze) - sweep out one’s house; i-ki-ti-ze (íkittize) - leave, abandon one’s own; ka-ti-ti-ze (kattittíze) - to scrape away surface earth with one’s hand; scrape the dirt away often [JOD]; ka-ti-ze (kattíze), ka-tʰi-ze (katʰíze) - knock, sweep, brush away; we-ka-ti-ze (wékattíze) - broom; ki-pa-ti-ze (kíppattíze) - move one’s possession by pushing; naⁿ-ti-ze (nąttíze) - kick along, move something with feet; ki-pa-ti-ze (kíppattíze) - move one’s possession by pushing; po-ti-ze (póttize), po-tʰi-ze (pótʰize) - move something by punching or shooting

► Dhegiha: thi-dsi-ze (thi-dsí-çe) - remove from office (strictly speaking means ‘remove’ only, no mention of office [FL-Osage]; thi-tsi-ze (ðicíze) - dust or clean e.g., the house, move, remove, take away [CQ-Osage]

 

pull open

► di-a-ze (diáze) - pull open ► bdi-a-ze (bdíaze) - I, ti-a-ze (ttíaze) - you

► cf. kdi-a-ze (kdiáze) - to open one’s own [JOD]

► ex: di-a-ze (diáze) - she pulled it aside [JOD]

► ex: ti-zhe di-a-ze (ttižé diáze) - she pulled the door flap aside, she opened the door [JOD]

► ex: ki-di-a-ze (kídiazé) - he raised it for her, he pulled it off from her [JOD]

► ex: maⁿ-hiⁿ-taⁿ ki-di-a-ze (mą́hį́ttą kidiazé) - he raised the blanket for her, he pulled the blanket off from her [JOD]

► Dhegiha: thi-a-ze (thi-á-çe) - to uncover, to remove the cover of a tent or the lid of a box [FL-Osage]; thu-a-ze (ðuuáze) - open (e.g., a door, a window, the lid on a box) [CQ-Osage]

 

pull open a box

► di-xde (dixdé) - pull open a box ► bdi-xe (bdíxde) - I, ti-xde (ttíxde) - you

► cf. di-xde-xde (dixdéxde) - break glass, smash; ka-xde (kaxdé) - smash, break a brittle object; ka-xde-xde (kaxdéxde) - smash, break something brittle; xte-xte (xtéxte) - disorderly (mass), broken up

► Dhegiha: thi-xthe-xthe-ge (thi-xthé-xthe-ge) - to shatter glass or other brittle substances with the hand [FL-Osage]; thu-le-ke (ðuuléke) - cause to break, cause to shatter, break or shatter with the hands (e.g., a dish, an egg, a light bulb, a window) [CQ-Osage]; yu-xle-ge (yuxlége) - crack something like an egg [Kaw]

 

pull open a cache

► o-xe di-xto (óxe dixtó) - pull open a cache

► cf. o-xe (óxe) - cache; xe (xe) - bury; di-xto (dixtó), di-xdo (dixdó) - pull open, peel back; o-di-xdo (odíxdo) - take food from a cache; di-xdo-te (dixdótte) - peel something off a surface; xdo-te (xdótte) - peel off, come off as a scab; xdo-ta-de (xdottáde) - peel off of its own accord

► Dhegiha: u-xe (uxe) - cellar, grave, tomb [Omaha]; u-xe (ú-qĕ) - a pit for burying provisions; a cache [JOD-Omaha]; o-xe (óxe) - grave, ditch, burial place [CQ-Osage]; o-xe (óxe) - cache, grave in the ground, this is in contrast to burials above ground, such as on a scaffold or in a tree [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: xe (qe) - to bury a corpse; to bury or cache food such as corn or dried meat [Omaha/Ponca]; xe (xe) - bury [Omaha]; xe (qe) - bury, cache, to bury a corpse, to bury or cache food such as corn or dried meat [Omaha/Ponca]; xe (xe) - to bury, to inter, to place in a grave [FLOsage]; xe (xe) - bury [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: thi-xthu (thi-xthú) - to exhume [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: thi-xthu-dse (thi-xthó-dse), thi-xthu-dse (thi-xthú-dse) - to pull the bark off a tree, to peel with the bare hands; to peel, as the peeling of potato [FL-Osage]; thi-lo-tse  (ðiilóce) - peel [CQ-Osage]; yu-xlo-je (yuxlóje) - peel something; peel with the hand [Kaw]

 

pull open or out, to milk

► di-sti-te (distítte) - pull out, pull open, to milk ► bdi-sti-te (bdístitte) - I, ti-sti-te (ttístitte) - you

► cf. kdi-sti-te (kdístitte) - pull out one’s own (bow, etc.); kdi-sti-sti-te (kdístistítte) - pull out one’s own repeatedly, as arrows from a quiver; di-shto-te (dištótte) - pull off, uproot

► ex: ma-ze-ni di-sti-te (mazéni distítte) - to milk an animal

► Dhegiha: moⁿ-ze-ni thi-zni-de (moⁿçe ni thiçnide) - milk a cow [Omaha]; ba-ze-ni thi-stsu-e (ba-çé-ni thi-stsu-e) - to milk [FL-Osage]; pa-ze-ni thi-stsu-e (paazénii ðiiscúe) - to milk [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: gthi-sniⁿ-de (g¢ísninde) - pulled his out [JOD-Omaha]; gthi-sniⁿ-sniⁿ-de (g¢ísniⁿsnińde) - pulled out several off his own [JOD-Omaha]

 

pull open, peel back

► di-xto (dixtó), di-xdo (dixdó)  - pull open, peel back ► bdi-xto (bdíxto) - I, ti-xto (ttíxto) - you

► cf. o-xe di-xto (óxe dixtó) - pull open a cache; o-di-xdo (odíxdo) - take food from a cache; di-xdo-te (dixdótte) - peel something off a surface; xdo-te (xdótte) - peel off, come off as a scab; xdo-ta-de (xdottáde) - peel off of its own accord

► Dhegiha: thi-xthu (thi-xthú) - to exhume [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: thi-xthu-dse (thi-xthó-dse), thi-xthu-dse (thi-xthú-dse) - to pull the bark off a tree, to peel with the bare hands; to peel, as the peeling of potato [FL-Osage]; thi-lo-tse  (ðiilóce) - peel [CQ-Osage]; yu-xlo-je (yuxlóje) - peel something; peel with the hand [Kaw]

 

pull open, peel, pick

► di-zha-ke (dižáke) - pick, pull open, peel ► bdi-zha-ke (bdížake) - I, ti-zha-ke (ttížake) - you

► cf. ma-ze di-zha-ke (máze dižáke) - cock a gun

► Dhegiha: thu-sha-ke (ðuušáake) - pull out multiple pieces from or of something; husk, pick or pluck, peel; strip, denude [CQ-Osage]; yu-zha-ge (yuzháge) - split something or tear a larger hole, using the hands or by cutting with scissors [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: zha-ge (zháge) - verb root, made larger, enlarged, as a hole [Omaha/Ponca]; zha-ge (zháge) - verb root, to be opened wider, as a hole or split
[Kaw]

 

pull open, pull apart

► di-zaⁿ (dizą́) - pull open, pull apart ► bdi-zaⁿ (bdízą) - I, ti-zaⁿ (ttízą) - you

► cf. ba-zaⁿ-zaⁿ (bazą́zą) - comb, run fingers through hair

 

pull or stretch one’s own

► kdi-zi-ke (kdizíke) - stretch or pull one’s own ► a-kdi-zi-ke (akdízike) - I, da-kdi-zi-ke (dakdízike) - you

► cf. bi-zi-ke (bizíke) - stretch from pressure/weight; da-zi-ke (dazíke) - stretch with the mouth; di-zi-ke (dizíke) - stretch by pulling; ki-di-zi-ke (kídizíke) - stretch something for someone; naⁿ-zi-ke (nązíke) - stretch something by treading on it; hi-ni-ke zi-zi-ke (hiníke zizíke) - stockings, hose

 

pull out of line, turn, rotate

► di-ko-wiⁿ-xe (dikkówįγe) - turn, rotate, pull out of line ► bdi-ko-wiⁿ-xe (bdíkkowįγe) - I, ti-ko-wiⁿ-xe (ttíkkowįγe) - you

► cf. di-ko-wiⁿ-xe i-he-de (dikkówįγe ihéde) - turn something long; di-ko-wiⁿ-xe hi-de (dikkówįγe híde) - spin someone off balance; di-ko-wiⁿ-xa-xa (dikkówįγáγa) - to cause something to wobble; ba-ko-wiⁿ-xe (bakkówįγe) - turn, make revolve, push around; bi-ko-wiⁿ-xe (bikkówįγe) - push, blow in a circle; ka-ko-wiⁿ-xe (kakkówįγe) - turn around, circle; ki-kdi-ko-wiⁿ-xe (kkikdíkkowįγe) - turn oneself around; naⁿ-ko-wiⁿ-xe (nąkkówįγe) - treadle, use to turn something

► Dhegiha: thi-ku-wiⁿ-xe (thi wiⁿxe) - turn [Omaha/Ponca]; thi-koiⁿ-xe (ðiiʰkóįɣe) - turn someone or something around [CQ-Osage]; yu-ko-miⁿ-ghe (yukómiⁿghe) - turn something around and around with the hands, to crank [Kaw]

 

pull out one’s own

► kdi-sti-te (kdístitte) - pull out one’s own (bow, etc.) ► a-kdi-sti-te (akdístitte) - I, da-kdi-sti-te (dakdístitte) - you

► cf. kdi-sti-sti-te (kdístistítte) - pull out one’s own repeatedly, as arrows from a quiver; di-sti-te (distítte) - pull out, pull open, to milk; ma-ze-ni di-sti-te (mazéni distítte) - to milk an animal

► Dhegiha: gthi-sniⁿ-de (g¢ísninde) - pulled his out [JOD-Omaha]

 

► kdi-sti-sti-te (kdístistítte) - pull out one’s own repeatedly, as arrows from a quiver ► a-kdi-sti-sti-te akdístistítte) - I, da-kdi-sti-sti-te (dakdístistitte) - you

► cf. kdi-sti-te (kdístitte) - pull out one’s own (bow, etc.); di-sti-te (distítte) - pull out, pull open, to milk; ma-ze-ni di-sti-te (mazéni distítte) - to milk an animal

► Dhegiha: gthi-sniⁿ-sniⁿ-de (g¢ísniⁿsnińde) - pulled out several off his own [JOD-Omaha]

 

pull out, pluck grass or hair

► o-ka-shte (okášte) - pull out, pluck grass, hair ► o-a-ka-shte (oákašte) - I, o-da-ka-shte (odákašte) - you

 

pull over and spill

► di-shoⁿ (dišǫ́) - pull over and spill (liquid) ► bdi-shoⁿ (bdíšǫ) - I, ti-shoⁿ (ttíšǫ) - you

► di-shaⁿ (dišą) - spill, pull over a vessel ► bdi-shaⁿ (bdíšą) - I, ti-shaⁿ (ttíšą) - you

► cf. di-shoⁿ-da (dišǫdá) - pull over and spill (liquid); di-shoⁿ-da-da (dišǫ́dadá) - pull off balance; di-shoⁿ-shoⁿ-da (dišǫšǫda) - loosen by working back/forth; di-ki-kda-shoⁿ (dikkíkdašǫ) - turn upside down, pull over; ba-shoⁿ (bašǫ́) - spill, push over and spill; naⁿ-shoⁿ (nąšǫ́) - dislocate, trip and break

► Dhegiha: thi-shoⁿ (thi-shóⁿ) - to dislocate by pulling [FL-Osage]; shaⁿ (caⁿ) - dislocated; fallen off [JOD-Omaha]; shoⁿ (shoⁿ) - dislocated, fallen, fallen off [Omaha/Ponca]; noⁿ-shoⁿ (noⁿ-shóⁿ) - to dislocate, to dislocate a joint in the leg or arm [FL-Osage]

 

► di-shoⁿ-da (dišǫdá) - pull over and spill (liquid) ► bdi-shoⁿ-da (bdíšǫda) - I, ti-shoⁿ-da (ttíšǫda) - you

► cf. di-shoⁿ (dišǫ́) - pull over and spill (liquid); di-shoⁿ-da-da (dišǫ́dadá) - pull off balance; di-shoⁿ-shoⁿ-da (dišǫšǫda) - loosen by working back/forth; shoⁿ-da-da (šǫ́dada) - unsteady, insecure; ba-shoⁿ-da-da (bašǫ́dada) - loosen, destabilize pushing at; di-shoⁿ-shoⁿ-da (dišǫšǫda) - loosen by working back/forth; bi-shoⁿ-da-da (bišǫ́dada) - upset, make unsteady pressing; da-shoⁿ-da-da (dašǫ́dadá) - undermine; ka-shoⁿ-da-da (kašǫ́dada) - undercut by striking, chopping; naⁿ-shoⁿ-da-da (nąšǫ́dadá) - destabilize with the foot; kick loose; pa-shoⁿ-da-da (pášǫdadá) - undercut, undermine; po-shoⁿ-da-da (póšǫdadá) - make top heavy by thrusting at; ta-shoⁿ-da-da (tášǫdadá) - top heavy, unsteady by burning; ki-kda-shoⁿ (kkikdášǫ), ki-kda-shaⁿ (kkikdášą) - turned upside down; di-ki-kda-shoⁿ (dikkíkdašǫ) - turn upside down, pull over

► Dhegiha: ba-shoⁿ-tha (ba-shóⁿ-tha) - to spill water from a vessel, either by accident or on purpose [FL-Osage]; gí-shoⁿ-tha (gí-shoⁿ-tha) - to droop or fall; to make loose; loose jointed; broken [FL-Osage];  ga-shoⁿ-tha (ga-shóⁿ-tha) - to spill water from a vessel by striking against it; jolt, as to jostle [FL-Osage]; shoⁿ-tha (shoⁿthá) - spilled; upset and spilled; tipped over and spilled [Omaha/Ponca]; tha-shoⁿ-tha (thashóⁿtha) - overturn, spill; to overturn and spill a cup suddenly while drinking from it [Omaha/Ponca]; shoⁿ-shoⁿ-tha (shoⁿshóⁿtha) - loosened, loosened in it’s socket, as a fence post or a tooth [Omaha/Ponca]; shoⁿ-shoⁿ-tha (shoⁿshoⁿtha) - loosened [Omaha]

 

pull over standing object

► a-di-kʰaⁿ i-tʰe-de (ádikʰą itʰéde) - pull over a singular/standing/inanimate object; make an upright object lean by pulling it ► a-di-kʰaⁿ i-tʰe-da-de (ádikʰą itʰédade), a-ti-kʰaⁿ i-tʰe-da-de (áttikʰą itʰédade) - you

► cf. a-kʰaⁿ i-tʰe-de (ákʰą itʰéde) - set up a movable object so that it leans against something; i-tʰe-de (itʰéde) - stand something up, singular/standing/inanimate; a-kʰaⁿ i-he-de (ákʰą ihéde) - turn and tip up as a board; a-kʰaⁿ hi-zhoⁿ (ákʰą hížǫ) - lean on someone and cause him/her to fall

► Dhegiha: a-thi-ʰkoⁿ (á-thi-ḳoⁿ) - lay on either side; to recline as when attacking [FL-Osage]; a-thi-kxaⁿ (áðiikxą) - lie down against; lean up against, recline, rest [CQ-Osage]; a-yu-khaⁿ (áyukhaⁿ) - lean on something, as a door [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: a-kaⁿ (á-kaⁿ) - leaing against [JOD-Omaha]; a-koⁿ (á-koⁿ) - to lean on a post, tree, or rock [FL-Osage]; a-kxaⁿ (áakxą) - lean up against; lie against; lie down, as to sleep or rest [CQ-Osage]; a-khaⁿ (ákhaⁿ) - lean on something [Kaw]

 

pull over, topple, flip

► di-xa-da (dixáda) - pull over, topple, flip ► bdi-xa-da (bdíxada) - I, ti-xa-da (ttíxada) - you

► cf. di (di) - by hand, pulling; bi-xa-da (bixáda) - cause to fall of own weight; ka-xa-da (kaxáda) - fell, cut down, knock down; naⁿ-xa-da (nąxadá) - kick over, topple with the foot; ta-xa-da (táxadá) - topple by burning, burn down; ta-xa-da-de (táxadadé) - topple by burning away base; po-xa-da (póxada) - knock over punching, topple

 

pull over, turn upside down

► di-ki-kda-shoⁿ (dikkíkdašǫ) - turn upside down, pull over ► bdi-ki-kda-shoⁿ (bdíkkikdašǫ) - I, ti-ki-kda-shoⁿ (ttíkkikdašǫ) - you

► cf. di (di) - by hand, pulling, cause or make to; ki-kda-shoⁿ (kkikdášǫ), ki-kda-shaⁿ (kkikdášą) - turned upside down; ki-kda-shaⁿ zhaⁿ (kkikdášą žą́) - lie on one’s stomach

► Dhegiha: thi a-ki-gtha-shoⁿ (thi akigthashoⁿ) - turn over [Omaha]; yu-ku-la-shaⁿ (yukúlashaⁿ) - roll over, turn upside down [Kaw]

 

pull someone backwards

► di-sh’iⁿ-ka (dišʔį́kka) - pull someone backwards ► bdi-sh’iⁿ-ka (bdíšʔįkka) - I, ti-sh’iⁿ-ka (ttíšʔįkka) - you

► cf. di (di) - by hand, pulling

► Dhegiha: sh’iⁿ-kʰa (sh’íⁿkʰa) - bent backward, to be bent backward [Omaha/Ponca]; sh’iⁿ-kʰa sh’iⁿ-ka (c’íñ-ka) - bent backward, to be bent backward [JOD-Omaha]

 

pull something between two objects

► o-bi-saⁿ-te (obísątte) - pull something between two objects ► o-pi-saⁿ-te (oppísątte) - I, o-shpi-saⁿ-te (ošpísątte) - you

► cf. wa-tʰe a-bi-saⁿ-te (watʰé ábisątte) - to iron a dress; a-bi-saⁿ-te (ábisątte) - catch by pressing on; hold down, e.g., on his back; lie on something; a-bi-saⁿ-te zhaⁿ (ábisątte žą́) - roll over on something; throw oneself down on; a-bi-saⁿ-te-zhi (ábisąttéži) - press down on, weight, hold down

► Dhegiha: u-bi-saⁿ-de (u-bí-san-de) - a narrow place [JOD-Omaha]; u-bi-soⁿ-de (ubiçoⁿde) - compact, crowded [Omaha]; u-bi-soⁿ-dse (u-bí-çoⁿ-dse) - close together; crowded [FL-Osage]

 

pull something upright on short end

► bda-ska i-tʰe-de (bdáska itʰéde) - pull something upright on short end ► bda-ska i-tʰe-a-de (bdáska itʰéadé) - I, bda-ska i-tʰe-da-de (bdáska itʰédadé) - you

► cf. bda-ska (bdáska) - flat; i-tʰe-de (itʰéde) - stand something up, singular/standing/inanimate

► Dhegiha: btha-ska (btháska) - flat [Omaha/Ponca]; btha-ska (bthaska) - flat [Omaha]; btha-ska (b¢á-ska) - flat, as boards [JOD-Omaha]; btha-ska (bthá-çka) - flatten [FL-Osage]; bra-ska (bráaska) - flat [CQ-Osage]; bla-ska (bláska) - flat, as the edges, not the surfaces, of something [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: i-te-the (i-té-¢ĕ) - put it; to put or place, make stand, usually applied to objects standing on end, as barrels; to put many small things in one pile or heap [JOD-Omaha]; i-tse-the (i-tsé-the) - to place with someone for safe keeping; to put down something erect [FL-Osage]; i-che-ye (ichéye) - put down a standing/inanimate object or pile of objects [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ʰki-i-tse-the (ḳí-i-tse-the) - to put down a thing that can stand, as a filled bag, a pole, or a gun [FL-Osage]; ʰki-tsʰe-the (ʰkícʰeðe) - put down, set down, or place a standing item on a surface [CQ-Osage]; ki-tsʰe-the (kícʰeðe) - keep, set aside, put away, save as a memento or treasure [CQ-Osage]

 

pull straight, straighten

► do-taⁿ ka-xe (dóttą káγe) - straighten, pull straight ► do-taⁿ pa-xe (dóttą ppáγe) - I, do-taⁿ shka-xe (dóttą škáγe) - you

► cf. do-toⁿ (dóttǫ), do-taⁿ (dóttą) - straight; o-do-taⁿ (ódottą́) - right, to be right; di-do-tʰaⁿ-kde (didótʰąkde) - pull upright; ka-xe (káγe) - make, do, cause

► Dhegiha: thu-toⁿ (thútʰoⁿ) - straight, correct [Omaha/Ponca]; thu-toⁿ (thu tóⁿ) - beeline, straight [Omaha]; thu-taⁿ (¢ú-taⁿ) - straight, correct [JOD-Omaha]; tho-ʰtoⁿ (thó-ṭoⁿ) - present or standing [FL-Osage]; yo-taⁿ (yótaⁿ) - straight up
[Kaw]

► Dhegiha: thi-thu-toⁿ (thithutoⁿ) - arrange [Omaha]; thi-tho-ʰtoⁿ (thi-thó-ṭoⁿ), thi-thu-ʰtoⁿ (thi-thú-ṭoⁿ) - to straighten by manipulation of the hands; to make straight that which is crooked; reparation of a wrong; to regulate; to make a rule by which to guide or to be guided [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: u-thu-ʰtoⁿ (u-thú-ṭoⁿ), o-tho-ʰtoⁿ (ó-tho-ṭoⁿ) - straight; upright; true; honest; good character; accurate; rectitude; moral integrity; good behavior [FL-Osage]; o-tho-ʰta (oðóʰta), o-tho-ʰtaⁿ (oðóʰtą) - straight up [CQ-Osage]; o-tho-ʰtaⁿ (óðoʰtą), o-tho-ʰta (óðoʰta) - behave; straight, virtuous; behavior, good behavior, acting with rectitude [CQ-Osage]; o-yo-taⁿ (óyotaⁿ) - right, correctly, properly [Kaw]

 

pull the bow, shoot

► maⁿ di-taⁿ (mądíttą) - shoot, pull the bow

► cf. maⁿ (mą) - arrow; di-taⁿ (dittą́) - pull with the hands, tug; maⁿ-te di-taⁿ (mą́tte dittą́) - pull a bowstring

► Dhegiha: maⁿ thi-daⁿ (maⁿ¢ídaⁿ) - pull the bow [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: moⁿ (moⁿ) - arrow [Omaha/Ponca]; moⁿ (moⁿ) - arrow [Omaha]; maⁿ (maⁿ) - an arrow [JOD-Omaha]; moⁿ (moⁿ) - an arrow [FL-Osage]; maⁿ (mą́), moⁿ (mǫ́) - arrow; staff used at peyote meetings [CQ-Osage]; maⁿ (maⁿ) - arrow [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: thi-daⁿ (¢idáⁿ) - pull [JOD-Omaha]; thi-doⁿ (thi-dóⁿ) - to pull with the hands; to tug [FL-Osage]; thi-taⁿ (ðiitą́) - pull; drag, tug [CQ-Osage]; yu-daⁿ (yudáⁿ) - pull on something with the hands, tug on something; drag something [Kaw]

 

pull the hair

► di-pa-se (dippáse) - to pull the hair ► bdi-pa-se (bdíppase) - I, ti-pa-se (ttíppase) - you

► Dhegiha: thi-ʰpa-se (thi-pá-çe) - hair pulling [FL-Osge]

 

pull to shreds

► di-za-za-te (dizázatte) - pull to shreds ► bdi-za-za-te (bdízazátte) - I, ti-za-za-te (ttízazátte) - you

► cf. di (di) - by hand, pulling; ba-za-za-te (bazázatte) - cut, stab to shreds; bi-za-za-te (bizázatte) - split from pressure; da-za-za-te (dazázatte) - chew something to slivers; ka-za-za-te (kazázatte) - chop to pieces, slivers; naⁿ-za-za-te (nązázatte) - kick to pieces, splinters; pa-za-za-te (pázazátte) - split, shred, cut to splinters; po-za-za-te (pózazátte) - punch, shoot apart/to pieces

► Dhegiha: za-za-de (zazade) - ragged [Omaha]; za-za-de (zá-za-de) - extending apart, similar to the sticks of a fan, projecting in fanlike rays, etc. [JOD-Omaha]; i-thi-za-za-de (ithi zazade) - jagged [Omaha]; ga-za-za-de (ga-zá-za-de) - to hackle, as corn-husks; to tear clothing in shreds or strips [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: ga-za-za-be (ga-çá-ça-be) - to whip with a switch or a quirt; to thrash [FL-Osage]; ga-za-za-be (gazázabe) - beat a stick into slivers [Kaw]; ba-za-za-be (bazázabe) - push apart into slivers [Kaw]; ba-za-za-be (bázazábe) - cut to slivers with a knife [Kaw]; ya-za-za-be (yazázabe) - chew into slivers, chew to pieces [Kaw]; yu-za-za-be (yuzázabe) - twist to pieces; to twist a stick into slivers [Kaw]

 

pull up and out of

► a-shi ki-knaⁿ (áši kikną́) - pull up out of; pull something out of water, mud, a hole, etc. ► a-shi a-knaⁿ (áši ákną) - I, a-shi da-knaⁿ (áši dákną) - you, a-shi oⁿ-knaⁿ-we (áši ǫ́knąwe) - we

► cf. a-shi (áši) - over, on top of, on, over; knaⁿ (kną), kdaⁿ (kdą) - set or put

► Dhegiha: gi-laⁿ (gílaⁿ) - replace a sitting inanimate object [Kaw]

 

pull up high

► di-maⁿ-shi (dimą́ši) - pull up high ► bdi-maⁿ-shi (bdímąši) - I, ti-maⁿ-shi (ttímąši) - you

► cf. di (di) - by hand, pulling; maⁿ-shi (mąší) - upper, upward, heaven, high, above

► ex: di-maⁿ-shi hne (dimą́ši hné) - raise it up [MS]

► Dhegiha: thi-moⁿ-shi (thi moⁿshi) - elevate [Omaha]; we-thi-moⁿ-shi (wé-thi-moⁿ-shi) - a lifter, a jack for lifting of wheels and other heavy objects [FL-Osage]; thu-maⁿ-shi (ðuumą́ši) - pull up, hold up, raise, lift [CQ-Osage]; yu-maⁿ-shi (yumáⁿshi) - to elevate, put up high; to lift something [Kaw]

 

pull up on the long end, as a plank

► bda-bda i-tʰe-de (bdabdá itʰéde) - pull up on the long end, as a plank ► bda-bda i-tʰe-a-de (bdabdá itʰéadé) - I, bda-bda i-tʰe-da-de (bdabdá itʰédadé) - you

► cf. bda-bda (bdábda) - raised; i-tʰe-de (itʰéde) - stand something up, singular/standing/inanimate

► Dhegiha: i-te-the (i-té-¢ĕ) - put it; to put or place, make stand, usually applied to objects standing on end, as barrels; to put many small things in one pile or heap [JOD-Omaha]; i-tse-the (i-tsé-the) - to place with someone for safe keeping; to put down something erect [FL-Osage]; i-che-ye (ichéye) - put down a standing/inanimate object or pile of objects [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ʰki-i-tse-the (ḳí-i-tse-the) - to put down a thing that can stand, as a filled bag, a pole, or a gun [FL-Osage]; ʰki-tsʰe-the (ʰkícʰeðe) - put down, set down, or place a standing item on a surface [CQ-Osage]; ki-tsʰe-the (kícʰeðe) - keep, set aside, put away, save as a memento or treasure [CQ-Osage]

 

pull up or uproot a plant

► di-ta-t’e (dittátʔe) - uproot a plant, pull up ► bdi-ta-t’e (bdíttatʔe) - I, ti-ta-t’e (ttíttatʔe) - you

► cf. di (di) - by hand, pulling, cause or make to; ta (tá) - by extreme temperature, heat or cold; t’e (tʔe) - die; ta-t’e (tátʔe) - withered from heat or cold; ba-ta-t’e (battátʔe) - kill, cause to wither; bi-ta-t’e (bittátʔe) - press to death; da-tʰa-t’e (datʰátʔe) - gnaw to death; ka-ta-t’e (kattátʔe) - kill, cut off, cause to wither; naⁿ-ta-t’e (nąttátʔe) - trample to death; pa-ta-t’e (páttatʔe) - wither, cause by cutting; po-ta-t’e (póttatʔe) - kill vegetation by punching; ta-ta-t’e (táttatʔe) - wither from exposure to heat

► Dhegiha: thi-da-ts’e-ga (thi-dá-ts’e-ga) - to cause green plants to wither by rough handling [FL-Osage]; yu-da-ts’e-ga (yudáts’ega) - wilt from being pulled up, as plants, wood [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: tha-na-t’e-ga (thanát’ega) - kill, bite, to kill plants by biting around the roots, as rabbits do [Omaha/Ponca]; da-ʰts’e-ga (dá-ṭs’e-ga) - wilted, withered [FL-Osage]; ya-da-ts’e-ga (yadáts’ega) - kill plants by gnawing on them, as rabbits, to make vegetation wither by gnawing on the bark or at the roots, as rabbits do in winter [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ba-da-ts’e-ga (bádats’ega) - cause a tree or bush to wilt by cutting [Kaw]; ba-da-ts’e-ga (badáts’ega) - cause vegetation to wilt punching or by rooting up the ground [Kaw]; da-ts’e-ga (dáts’ega) - be withered, killed, or injured by heat [Kaw]; ga-da-ts’e-ga (gadáts’ega) - wind to dry something a little, especially fresh meat which is hung up, by blowing on it [Kaw]; naⁿ-da-ts’e-ga (naⁿdáts’ega) - trample, make vegetation wither by treading on, as grass [Kaw]; naⁿ-da-ts’e-ye (naⁿdáts’èye) - trample, make wither by treading on, as grass [Kaw]; ya-ts’e-ga (yats’éga) - wither from being gnawed on, as a plant [Kaw]

 

pull up suddenly, lift

► di-ha-ta de-de (dihátta déde) - lift, pull up suddenly ► bdi-ha-ta de-a-de (bdíhátta déade) - I, ti-ha-ta de-da-de (ttíhátta dédade) - you

► cf. di (di) - by hand, pulling; ba-ha-ta (bahattá) - pick up with pointed object; ba-ha-ta de-de (bahátta déde) - brush aside; bi-ha-ta de-de (bihátta déde) - lever, weight, press on end; di-ha-ta (díhattá) - lift something; ka-ha-ta de-de (kahátta déde) - knock aside, turn aside; naⁿ-ha-ta de-de (nąhátta déde) - lift with the foot; po-ha-ta de-de (póhatta déde) - poke something in order to lift it; de-de (déde) - sent away, causative of go

 

pull up, uproot

► i-di-ze (ídize) - pull up, uproot

► cf. di-ze (dizé) - get, take, receive; wa-di-ze di-ze (wadíze dizé) - to get goods on credit; zhoⁿ di-ze (žǫ́ díze) - to get wood; kdi-ze (kdíze) - take one’s own; i-di-za-za (ídizáza) - hold, grasp something for holding; i-kdi-za-za (íkdizáza) - stick to one here and there

► Dhegiha: thi-ze (¢izé) - take, took, receive, seize [JOD-Omaha]; thu-ze (thu-çé) - to take, to receive or accept [FL-Osage]; thu-ze (ðuuzé) - select, choose, take, get, draw water, gather or pick fruit [CQ-Osage]; yu-ze (yuzé) - get, take, accept [Kaw]

 

pull upright

► di-do-tʰaⁿ-kde (didótʰąkde) - pull upright ► bdi-do-tʰaⁿ-kde (bdídotʰą́kde) - I, ti-do-tʰaⁿ-kde (ttídotʰą́kde) - you

► cf. di (di) - by hand, pulling; do-toⁿ (dóttǫ), do-taⁿ (dóttą) - straight; o-do-taⁿ (ódottą́) - right, to be right; a-kde (akdé) - put; set a standing (perpendicular), object upright upon a surface or within something which supports it, as in pitching a tent, placing a candle on a table, etc.; o-kde (okdé) - put lengthwise, to stand

► Dhegiha: ʰtsi-thu-ʰtoⁿ-gthe (ṭsí-thu-ṭoⁿ-gthe) - tent sitting upright [FL-Osage]; yu-yo-taⁿ-le (yuyótaⁿle) - set up, as a tent or tipi [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: thu-toⁿ (thútʰoⁿ) - straight, correct [Omaha/Ponca]; thu-toⁿ (thu tóⁿ) - beeline, straight [Omaha]; thu-taⁿ (¢ú-taⁿ) - straight, correct [JOD-Omaha]; tho-ʰtoⁿ (thó-ṭoⁿ) - present or standing [FL-Osage]; yo-taⁿ (yótaⁿ) - straight up
[Kaw]

► Dhegiha: thi-thu-toⁿ (thithutoⁿ) - arrange [Omaha]; thi-tho-ʰtoⁿ (thi-thó-ṭoⁿ), thi-thu-ʰtoⁿ (thi-thú-ṭoⁿ) - to straighten by manipulation of the hands; to make straight that which is crooked; reparation of a wrong; to regulate; to make a rule by which to guide or to be guided [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: u-thu-ʰtoⁿ (u-thú-ṭoⁿ), o-tho-ʰtoⁿ (ó-tho-ṭoⁿ) - straight; upright; true; honest; good character; accurate; rectitude; moral integrity; good behavior [FL-Osage]; o-tho-ʰta (oðóʰta), o-tho-ʰtaⁿ (oðóʰtą) - straight up [CQ-Osage]; o-tho-ʰtaⁿ (óðoʰtą), o-tho-ʰta (óðoʰta) - behave; straight, virtuous; behavior, good behavior, acting with rectitude [CQ-Osage]; o-yo-taⁿ (óyotaⁿ) - right, correctly, properly [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: gthe (gthe) - a thing placed in an upright position; placed upright or in a standing position [FL-Osage]; le (le) - standing object acted upon
[Kaw]

► Dhegiha: a-gthe (á-gthe) - to place on top of another in an upright position [FL-Osage]; a-le (ále) - place an item upright on another item, set on [CQ-Osage]; a-le (ále) - stand a perpendicular object, such as a candlestick, on a surface [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: u-gthe (u-gthé) - a socket; to use as supports for [FL-Osage]; o-le (olé) - put a standing/inanimate object into something [Kaw]

 

pull, as a rope

► a-ki-di-taⁿ (ákkidittą́) - pull, as a rope ► a-a-ki-bdi-taⁿ (áakkíbdittą́) - I, a-da-ki-ti-taⁿ (ádakkíttittą́) - you, oⁿ-ka-da-ki-di-taⁿ-we (ǫkádakkídittą́we) - we

► cf. di-taⁿ (dittą́) - pull with the hands, tug

► ex: wa-shkoⁿ-hi a-ki-di-taⁿ (waškǫ́hi ákkidittą́) - to pull hard on

► Dhegiha: thi-daⁿ (¢idáⁿ) - pull [JOD-Omaha]; thi-doⁿ (thi-dóⁿ) - to pull with the hands; to tug [FL-Osage]; thi-taⁿ (ðiitą́) - pull; drag, tug [CQ-Osage]; yu-daⁿ (yudáⁿ) - pull on something with the hands, tug on something; drag something [Kaw]

 

pulling

► di (di) - by hand, pulling: inner instrumental prefix

► Dhegiha: thi (thi) - by hand, pulling [Omaha/Ponca]; thi (thi) - action with the hand [FL-Osage]; thu (ðu), thi (ði) - action by hand; cause, make (not necessarily by hand) [CQ-Osage]; yu (yu) - instrumental prefix: cause by using the hands; also, a general causative [Kaw]

 

pulling, break by pulling

► di-ba-xe (dibáxe) - break by pulling ► bdi-ba-xe (bdíbaxe) - I, ti-ba-xe (ttíbaxe) - you

► cf. di (di) - by hand, pulling; ba-ba-xe (babáγe) - break by thrusting; da-ba-xe (dabáγe) - bite in two; ka-ba-xe (kabáγe) - cut (a cord) in two; we-ka-ba-xe (wékabáγe) - mower, grass cutter; naⁿ-ba-xe (nąbáγe) - break a cord with the feet; pa-ba-xe (pábaγe) - cut in two, as a cord; po-ba-xe (póbaγe) - shoot a rope, cord in two

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ miⁿ di-ze naⁿ ta-i-ta o-naⁿ a-taⁿ di-ba-xe naⁿ o-zhi-ha o-knaⁿ kaⁿ-niⁿ-kʰe (kóišǫ́ttą mį dizé ną ttáitta oną attą dibáxe ną óžiha okną ką́-nįkʰé) - then he grabbed one, held it by the neck and broke it, then put it in a bag [JOD]

► Dhegiha: thi-ba-xe (thi-bá-xe) - to break a string in half; to snap [FL-Osage]; yu-ba-ghe (yubághe) - break or snap a cord by pulling with the hands [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ba-ghe (bághe) - to break, as a string; break off [Kaw]

 

pulling, dry out by pulling up

► di-ta-xe (dittáxe) - dry out by pulling up, uproot ► bdi-ta-xe (bdíttaxe) - I, ti-ta-xe (ttíttaxe) - you

► cf. di (di) - by hand, pulling; ta-xe (táxe) - dried up, dead from heat/cold, used with almost all instrumental prefixes; ba-ta-xe (battáxe) - dry up, root up the soil; bi-ta-xe (bittáxe) - dry up, press dry; da-ta-xe (dattáxe) - dry up from being gnawed; ka-ta-xe (kattáxe) - crack and die from being cut, as corn; pa-ta-xe (páttaxe) - cut and dry up, e.g. cornstalk; po-ta-xe (póttaxe) - cause to dry up from punching; ta-ta-xe (táttaxe) - dry up and die, as vegetation from the sun

 

pulling, empty by pulling contents out

► di-kdo-x’a (dikdóxʔa), di-kto-x’a (diktóxʔa) - empty by pulling contents out ► bdi-kdo-x’a (bdíkdoxʔa) - I, ti-kdo-x’a (ttíkdoxʔa) - you

► cf. di (di) - by hand, pulling, cause or make to; kdo-x’a (kdoxʔa), xdo-x’a (xdoxʔa) - empty; maⁿ-xdo-x’a (mąxdoxʔa), maⁿ-kdo-xa (mąkdóxa) - cave, lit. “hollow earth”; o-kdo-x’a (okdóxʔa) - insides, interior of animal

► Dhegiha: yu-xlo-k’a (yuxlók’a) - empty by pulling out the contents, as a quiver or a basket [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: xthu-’a (qthu’a) - hollow, baggy [Omaha/Ponca]; xthu-’a (qthu’a) - intestines, guts, innards, everything inside the abdominal cavity, “hollow places” above the hips [Omaha/Ponca]; xthu-’a (xthu’a) - hollow, empty [Omaha]; xthu-xa (qthúqa) - empty, emptied of its contents [Omaha/Ponca]; xtho-ʰk’a (xthó-ḳ’a) - empty, emptiness [FL-Osage]; xthu-ʰk’a (xthú-ḳ’a), xthu-’a (xthú-’a) - any kind of a hollow in a tree or log [FL-Osage]; xlo-k’a (xlók’a) - hollow, empty [Kaw]

 

pulling, fail in pulling

► di-iⁿ-zhi (díįži) - fail in pulling, rowing, etc. ► bdi-iⁿ-zhi (bdíįži) - I, ti-iⁿ-zhi (ttíįži) - you

► cf. di (di) - by hand, pulling; zhi (-ži) - negative, not; ba-iⁿ-zhi (baį́ži) - fail or miss pushing at something; bi-iⁿ-zhi (biį́ži) - fail/miss pressing/blowing; da-iⁿ-zhi (daį́ži) - fail using the mouth, voice; ka-iⁿ-zhi (kaį́ži) - fail in throwing or striking; naⁿ-iⁿ-zhi (nąį́ži) - fail in walking or with machine; pa-iⁿ-zhi (páįži) - fail in cutting or sawing; po-iⁿ-zhi (póįži) - to be unsuccessful shooting or punching; ta-iⁿ-zhi (táįži), (ttáįži) - fail in cooking, as when fire is not hot enough

► Dhegiha: yu-iⁿ-ba-zhe (yuíⁿbazhe) - fail in trying to do something with the hands due to an imperfection in the tool, the meaning of this word really is this specific: yu- “by or with the hands”, iⁿ- “an instrument or tool used for the task”, -bazhe “not” or “it did not do it”, lit. “the manual task was not done because of the instrument or tool” [Kaw]

 

pulling, flatten from pulling something

► di-sto-de (distóde) - flatten from pulling something ► bdi-sto-de (bdístode) - I, ti-sto-de (ttístode) - you

► cf. ka-sto-de (kastóde) - smooth out, as feathers

► Dhegiha: thi-stsu (thi-stsú) - to straighten; to straighten an arrow shaft [FL-Osage]; stsu-ye (scúye) - straighten, make correct; bless (figurative) [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: stsu (stsu) - straight, opposed to crooked FL-Osage]; stsu (scu) - straight, correct, exact
[Kaw]

 

pulling, make a rut or groove by pulling

► o-di-xo-we (odíxowe) - make a rut or groove by pulling ► o-bdi-xo-we (obdíxowe) - I, o-ti-xo-we (ottíxowe) - you

► cf. di-xo (diγó) - mark, scratch, draw line; di-xo-we (diγówe) - drag something along; da-xo-we (daxówe) - drag with teeth, draw into mouth

► Dhegiha: thi-xu (thixú) - draw, mark, to make marks on paper, to make marks such as are made on arrows [Omaha/Ponca]; thi-xu (thixu) - sketch, mark [Omaha]; thi-xu (thi-xú) - to scratch marks on rocks or draw lines on paper [FL-Osage]; thi-xu-e (thi-xú-e) - to drag something on the ground [FL-Osage]; thi-xu-we (thi-xú-we) - to drag some dead animal by rope, to lead a horse to water [FL-Osage]; thi-xo-we (ðiiɣówe), thi-xo-e (ðiiɣóe), thi-xo (ðiiɣó) - drag [CQ-Osage]; yu-gho-we (yughówe) - drag, pull behind [Kaw]

 

pulling, move by pulling something

► di-ti-ze (dittíze) - move by pulling something ► bdi-ti-ze (bdíttize) - I, ti-ti-ze (ttíttize) - you

► cf. kdi-ti-ze (kdittíze) - pull one’s own; ki-kdi-ti-ze (kkíkdittíze) - move something for one’s own benefit; ba-ti-ze (battíze), ba-tʰi-ze (batʰíze) - move something by pushing; bi-ti-ze (bittíze) - move something by pressing or blowing; i-ti-ze (íttize) - clean out the house; kda-ti-ze (kdattíze) - sweep out one’s house; i-ki-ti-ze (íkittize) - leave, abandon one’s own; ka-ti-ti-ze (kattittíze) - to scrape away surface earth with one’s hand; scrape the dirt away often [JOD]; ka-ti-ze (kattíze), ka-tʰi-ze (katʰíze) - knock, sweep, brush away; we-ka-ti-ze (wékattíze) - broom; ki-pa-ti-ze (kíppattíze) - move one’s possession by pushing; naⁿ-ti-ze (nąttíze) - kick along, move something with feet; ki-pa-ti-ze (kíppattíze) - move one’s possession by pushing; po-ti-ze (póttize), po-tʰi-ze (pótʰize) - move something by punching or shooting

► Dhegiha: thi-dsi-ze (thi-dsí-çe) - remove from office (strictly speaking means ‘remove’ only, no mention of office [FL-Osage]; thi-tsi-ze (ðicíze) - dust or clean e.g., the house, move, remove, take away [CQ-Osage]

 

pulling, ring a bell pulling the rope

► di-ka-da (dikáda) - ring a bell pulling the rope ► bdi-ka-da (bdíkada) - I, ti-ka-da (ttíkada) - you

► cf. di (di) - by hand, pulling; ka-da (káda) - ringing sound; ka-ka-da (kakáda) - bell; ke-ha-na-xa-da (kehá anaɣáda) - shell shaker, stomp dance shells [MS]

► Dhegiha: ga-ka-thaⁿ (ga-k͓á-¢aⁿ) - to make a dull sound by beating on an old kettle, a stiff hide, a door, or wood [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: thi-ga-ma (thígama) - ring [Omaha]; thi-ʰka-moⁿ (thi-ḳá-moⁿ) - to ring a bell [FL-Osage]; thu-ʰka-maⁿ (ðuuʰkáamą) - ring, ring the bell, press the door bell [CQ-Osage]

 

pulling, sharpen pulling toward oneself

► kdi-zi-ka (kdizíkka) - sharpen pulling toward oneself ► a-kdi-zi-ka (akdízikka) - I, da-kdi-zi-ka (dakdízikka) - you

► cf. o-zi-ka (ozíkka) - wider at one end than other; ba-zi-ka (bazíkka) - sharpen; bi-zi-ka (bizíkka) - sharpen by rubbing, hone; da-zi-ka (dazíkka) - chew to a point, sharpen; di-zi-ka (dizíkka) - sharpen; ki-di-zi-ka (kídizíkka) - sharpen something for someone; ka-zi-ka (kazíkka) - sharpen, as with an axe, whittle; pa-zi-ka (pázikka) - whittle to a point; ta-zi-ka (tázikka) - burn to a point

 

pulling, soften something by pulling

► di-taⁿ-haⁿ (dittą́hą) - soften something by pulling ► bdi-taⁿ-haⁿ (bdíttąhą) - I, ti-taⁿ-haⁿ (ttíttąhą) - you

► cf. di (di) - by hand, pulling; ba-taⁿ-ha (battą́ha) - pulverize; bi-taⁿ-ha (bittą́ha) - crush, pulverize; da-taⁿ-ha (dattą́ha) - chew very fine; di-taⁿ-ha (dittą́ha) - turn crank as on a handmill; wa-di-taⁿ-ha (wadíttąha) - cornmeal; wa-di-taⁿ-ha wa-ske (wadíttąha waské) - cornbread; ka-taⁿ-ha (kattą́ha) - pound, pulverize; naⁿ-taⁿ-ha (nąttą́ha) - crush with feet, trample to bits; pa-taⁿ-ha (páttąha) - cut up very fine, as tobacco; po-taⁿ-ha (póttąha) - pulverize by punching/shooting; ta-taⁿ-ha (táttąha) - burn to ashes, burn up

► Dhegiha: yu-taⁿ-taⁿ-haⁿ (yutáⁿtaⁿhaⁿ) - soften by working with the hands, as leather [Kaw]; ba-taⁿ-haⁿ (batáⁿhaⁿ) - dull a knife or blade by pushing [Kaw]; ga-taⁿ-haⁿ (gatáⁿhaⁿ) - mash and break something up, pound up; dull by striking, as from frequent use [Kaw]; tha-ʰtoⁿ-hoⁿ (tha-ṭóⁿ-hoⁿ) - to masticate, to chew thoroughly [FL-Osage]

 

pulling, split by pulling a knife through

► o-di-ste (odíste) - split by pulling a knife through ► o-bdi-ste (obdíste) - I, o-ti-ste (ottíste) - you

► cf. di-ste (disté) - split, pull off string; di-ste-ste (distéste) - pull into shreds, slivers; o-ste (oste) - crack, cracked, split; o-ste-ke (ostéke) - crack, split; ba-ste (basté) - cut into, gash; ba-ste-ste (bastéste) - cut to shreds, stab repeatedly; bi-ste (bisté) - split, gash; da-ste (dasté) - split with teeth; ka-ste (kasté) - gash, split something; ka-ste-ste (kastéste) - cut or beat to shreds/slivers; ka-ste-ste-ye (kastésteye) - to have cut to shreds; o-ka-ste (okáste) - split something by striking; naⁿ-ste (nąsté) - kick a gash in something; pa-ste (páste) - gash, cut with a knife blade; po-ste (póste) - graze shooting and gash

 

pulling, stretch by pulling

► di-zi-ke (dizíke) - stretch by pulling ► bdi-zi-ke (bdízike) - I, ti-zi-ke (ttízike) - you

► cf. bi-zi-ke (bizíke) - stretch from pressure or weight; da-zi-ke (dazíke) - stretch with the mouth; hi-ni-ke zi-zi-ke (hiníke zizíke) - stockings, hose; kdi-zi-ke (kdizíke) - stretch one’s own, pull; ki-di-zi-ke (kídizíke) - stretch something for someone; naⁿ-zi-ke (nązíke) - stretch something by treading on it

► Dhegiha: i-ga-zi-ge (í-ga-çi-ge) - to stretch, as limbs in growing [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: zi-zi-ge (zízige) - rubber, elastic, any rubber or elastic object [Omaha/Ponca]; zi-zi-ge (zí-zi-ge) - India-rubber, any elastic object [JOD-Omaha]; zi-zi-ge (çiçige) - springy [Omaha]; wa-zi-zi-e (wa-çí-çi-e) - rubber, thing elastic [FL-Osage]

 

pulling, to make creak by pulling

► di-kiⁿ-te (dikįtté) - creak, to make creak by pulling ► bdi-kiⁿ-te (bdíkįtte) - I, ti-kiⁿ-te (ttíkįtte) - you

► cf. di (di) - by hand, pulling, cause or make to; ba-kiⁿ-te (bakį́tte) - play, accordion or violin; ba-kiⁿ-to-zha (bakį́ttoža) - fiddle dance, whiteman’s dance; wa-kiⁿ-te (wakį́tte) - accordion, fiddle

► Dhegiha: thi-gi-ze (thigiçe) - squeak [Omaha]; thi-gi-dse (thi-gí-dse) - to creak, a sharp squeaking sound, as a loose board [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: gi-ze (gíze) - creak, to creak [Omaha/Ponca]; gi-ze (gí-ze) - to creak [JOD-Omaha]; gi-dse (gi-dse) - squeak [FL-Osage]; ki-tse (kice) - squeak [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: ba-gi-ze (bagíze) - fiddle, creak, squeak, to play the fiddle, to make a creaking or squeaking sound by pushing [Omaha/Ponca]; ba-gi-ze (ba-gí-ze) - to make a creaking or squeaking sound by pushing hence, to play a fiddle [JOD-Omaha]; ba-gi-dse (ba-gí-dse) - ba (ba), an act of pushing; gi-dse (gi-dse), squeak; a fiddle, violin [FL-Osage]; pa-ki-tse (paakíce) - play music on an instrument, musical instrument, piano, music [CQ-Osage]; ba-gi-je (bagíje) - fiddle, play the fiddle, music, play the guitar [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: bi-gi-ze (bigize) - creak [Omaha]; bi-gi-gi-ze (bigigiçe) - squeak [Omaha]; ga-gi-ze (gagize) - creak [Omaha]

 

pulse

► po-si-si (pósisí) - pulse

► cf. po (pó) - by shooting, blowing, punching; si-si (sisí) - active

► Dhegiha: ʰkoⁿ-bo-si-si (ḳoⁿ-bó-çi-çi) - a throbbing blood vessel; pulsation; to throb [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: si-si (çí-çi) - active; stalwart; brave [FL-Osage]; si-si (sísi) - strong, energetic, well, doing well, healthy [CQ-Osage]

 

► wa-paiⁿ kaⁿ po-si-si (wappaį́ kką pósisí) - pulse

► cf. wa-paiⁿ (wappaį́) - blood; kaⁿ (kką) - vein, artery; root; rope, cord, string; wa-paiⁿ kaⁿ (wappaį́ kką) - vein, artery; po-si-si (pósisí) - pulse

► Dhegiha: wa-mi (wamí) - bleed, bloody [Omaha/Ponca]; wa-mi (wami) - blood; bleeding; bleed [Omaha]; wa-mi (wa-mí) - blood; to bleed; to be bloody [JOD-Omaha]; wa-biⁿ (wa-bíⁿ) - blood; bleeding [FL-Osage]; wa-piⁿ (wapį́), wa-peiⁿ (wapéį) - bleed, blood [CQ-Osage]; wa-biⁿ (wa-bíⁿ) - to bleed; blood [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: koⁿ (koⁿ) - blood vessels; veins [Omaha]; kaⁿ (k͓aⁿ) - a root; sinew; muscle; a vein or artery; something used for tying [JOD-Omaha]; ʰkoⁿ (ḳoⁿ) - a vein, or blood vessel; roots of trees or plants [FL-Osage]; ʰkaⁿ (ʰką́), ʰkoⁿ (ʰkǫ́) - vein, artery, blood vessel [CQ-Osage]; kaⁿ (kaⁿ) - vein or artery, root [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ʰkoⁿ-bo-si-si (ḳoⁿ-bó-çi-çi) - a throbbing blood vessel; pulsation; to throb [FL-Osage]

 

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