English to Quapaw Dictionary

S

saber - scarf	scarlet - seeds	seesaw  -  shaman	shame - shore
short - sigh	sight - sitting	six - slivers	slow - soak
soap - soul	sound - spits	splash - stands	star - stockings
stomach - stretching	stride - Sunday	sunrise - syrup

 

sound, buzzing or humming sound

► ga-xoⁿ-xoⁿ-te (gaγǫ́γǫtte) - buzzing, humming sound

► cf. ka-xoⁿ-xoⁿ-te (kaxǫ́xǫtte), ka-xo-xo-te (kaxóxotte) - make a whooshing sound; ka-xoⁿ-te (kaxǫ́tte) - whizzing sound, as a bullet

 

sound, cracking sound hitting something

► ka-to-zhe (kattóže) - cracking sound hitting something ► a-to-zhe (áttože) - I, da-to-zhe (dáttože) - you

► cf. ka (ka) - by striking, by action of the wind or water; ba-to-zhe (battóže) - crack, make sound pushing; bi-to-zhe (bittóže) - crack, make sound by pressure; naⁿ-pe di-to-zhe (nąpé dittóže) - crack one's finger joints; naⁿ-to-zhe (nąttóže) - crack, make sound by treading; pa-to-zhe (páttože) - cracking sound, make with knife; po-to-zhe (póttože) - crack, make sound thrusting; ta-to-zhe (táttože) - cracking sound made by burning

 

sound, cracking sound made by burning

► ta-to-zhe (táttože) - cracking sound made by burning

► cf. ta (tá) - by extreme temperature; ba-to-zhe (battóže) - make crack sound pushing; bi-to-zhe (bittóže) - make crack sound by pressure; da-to-zhe (dattóže) - crunch with teeth; naⁿ-pe di-to-zhe (nąpé dittóže) - crack one’s finger joints; ka-to-zhe (kattóže) - cracking sound hitting something; naⁿ-to-zhe (nąttóže) - make crack sound by treading; pa-to-zhe (páttože) - make cracking sound with knife; po-to-zhe (póttože) - make crack sound thrusting

 

sound, crackling or snapping sound

► di-ta-ze (dittáze) - crackling sound, snapping ► bdi-ta-ze (bdíttaze) - I, ti-ta-ze (ttíttaze) - you

► cf. di (di) - cause by using the hands; general causative; bi-ta-ze (bittáze) - crackle when squeezed; da-ta-ze (dattáze) - crackling sound by biting; ka-ta-ze (kattáze) - crackling sound of sticks; naⁿ-ta-ze (nąttáze) - crack, make noise by stepping; ta-ta-ze (tattáze) - crackle while burning

► ex: naⁿ-pe di-ta-ze hi (nąpé dittáze hí) - spice bush, spicewood tree lit. “cracks across the grain

► Dhegiha: thi-da-ze (thidáze) - to make the sound "z+!" once, as thunder does [Omaha/Ponca]

 

sound, crackling sound by biting

► da-ta-ze (dattáze) - crackling sound by biting ► bda-ta-ze (bdáttaze) - I, ta-ta-ze (ttáttaze) - you

► cf. da (da) - by mouth; bi-ta-ze (bittáze) - crackle when squeezed; di-ta-ze (dittáze) - crackling sound, snapping; ka-ta-ze (kattáze) - crackling sound of sticks; naⁿ-ta-ze (nąttáze) - crack, make noise by stepping; ta-ta-ze (tattáze) - crackle while burning

 

sound, crackling sound of sticks

► ka-ta-ze (kattáze) - crackling sound of sticks ► a-ta-ze (áttaze) - I, da-ta-ze (dáttaze) - you

► cf. ka (ka) - by striking, by action of the wind or water; bi-ta-ze (bittáze) - crackle when squeezed; da-ta-ze (dattáze) - crackling sound by biting; di-ta-ze (dittáze) - crackling sound, snapping; naⁿ-ta-ze (nąttáze) - crack, make noise by stepping; ta-ta-ze (tattáze) - crackle while burning

► Dhegiha: ga-da-da-ze (gadádaze) - to make the sound heard in hitting small and thin pieces of metal with an ax, hatchet, hammer, etc. [Omaha/Ponca]

 

sound, grating sound from probing

► po-k’a-xe (pókʔaxe) - grating sound from probing ► po-a-k’a-xe (póakʔáxe) - I, po-da-k’a-xe (pódakʔáxe) - you

► cf. po (po) - by shooting, blowing, punching, thrusting; ba-k’a-xe (bakʔáxe) - make scratching sound; bi-k’a-xe (bikʔáxe) - scratching sound by pressing; da-k’a-xe (dákʔaxé) - make grating sound; da-k’a-k’a-xe (dakʔákʔaxe) - make gnawing sound; di-k’a-xe (dikʔáxe) - scratch superficially; di-k’a-k’a-xe (dikʔákʔaxe) - scratching sounds, as a dog; ka-k’a-xe (kakʔáxe) - make a scraping sound; naⁿ-k’a-xe (nąkʔáxe) - make grating sound with feet; pa-k’a-xe (pákʔaxe) - scrape or grind while cutting

► Dhegiha: mu-’a-xe (mú’axe) - to make the (grating) sound of shooting against iron or a bone and glancing off  [Omaha/Ponca]; bo-k’a-ghe (bók’aghe) - grating sound, as in punching or shooting against bone or metal and glancing off, ricochet [Kaw]

 

sound, hissing or cutting sound

► di-kaⁿ (diką́) - hissing or cutting sound ► bdi-kaⁿ (bdíką) - I, ti-kaⁿ (ttíką) - you

 

sound, make a crack sound by pressure

► bi-to-zhe (bittóže) - make crack sound by pressure ► pi-to-zhe (ppíttože) - I, shpi-to-zhe (špíttože) - you

► cf. bi (bi) - by pressing, rubbing; ba-to-zhe (battóže) - make crack sound pushing; da-to-zhe (dattóže) - crunch with teeth; naⁿ-pe di-to-zhe (nąpé dittóže) - crack one’s finger joints; ka-to-zhe (kattóže) - cracking sound hitting something; naⁿ-to-zhe (nąttóže) - make crack sound by treading; pa-to-zhe (páttože) - make cracking sound with knife; po-to-zhe (póttože) - make crack sound thrusting; ta-to-zhe (táttože) - cracking sound made by burning

 

sound, make a crack sound by pushing

► ba-to-zhe (battóže) - make crack sound pushing ► pa-to-zhe (ppáttože) - I, shpa-to-zhe (špáttože) - you

► cf. ba (ba) - by pushing; bi-to-zhe (bittóže) - make crack sound by pressure; da-to-zhe (dattóže) - crunch with teeth; naⁿ-pe di-to-zhe (nąpé dittóže) - crack one’s finger joints; ka-to-zhe (kattóže) - cracking sound hitting something; naⁿ-to-zhe (nąttóže) - make crack sound by treading; pa-to-zhe (páttože) - make cracking sound with knife; po-to-zhe (póttože) - make crack sound thrusting; ta-to-zhe (táttože) - cracking sound made by burning

 

sound, make a crack sound by thrusting

► po-to-zhe (póttože) - make crack sound thrusting ► po-a-to-zhe (póattóže) - I, po-da-to-zhe (pódattóže) - you

► cf. po (po) - by shooting, blowing, punching, thrusting; ba-to-zhe (battóže) - make crack sound pushing; bi-to-zhe (bittóže) - make crack sound by pressure; da-to-zhe (dattóže) - crunch with teeth; naⁿ-pe di-to-zhe (nąpé dittóže) - crack one’s finger joints; ka-to-zhe (kattóže) - cracking sound hitting something; naⁿ-to-zhe (nąttóže) - make crack sound by treading; pa-to-zhe (páttože) - make cracking sound with knife; ta-to-zhe (táttože) - cracking sound made by burning

 

sound, make a crack sound by treading

► naⁿ-to-zhe (nąttóže) - make crack sound by treading ► a-naⁿ-to-zhe (aną́ttože) - I, da-naⁿ-to-zhe (daną́ttože) - you

► cf. naⁿ (ną) - by action of the foot; ba-to-zhe (battóže) - make crack sound pushing; bi-to-zhe (bittóže) - make crack sound by pressure; da-to-zhe (dattóže) - crunch with teeth; naⁿ-pe di-to-zhe (nąpé dittóže) - crack one’s finger joints; ka-to-zhe (kattóže) - cracking sound hitting something; pa-to-zhe (páttože) - make cracking sound with knife; po-to-zhe (póttože) - make crack sound thrusting; ta-to-zhe (táttože) - cracking sound made by burning

 

sound, make a cracking sound with a knife

► pa-to-zhe (páttože) - make cracking sound with knife ► pa-a-to-zhe (páattóže) - I, pa-da-to-zhe (pádattóže) - you, pa-oⁿ-to-zha-we (páǫttóžawe) - we

► cf. pa (pá)  - by cutting with a knife; ba-to-zhe (battóže) - make crack sound pushing; bi-to-zhe (bittóže) - make crack sound by pressure; da-to-zhe (dattóže) - crunch with teeth; naⁿ-pe di-to-zhe (nąpé dittóže) - crack one’s finger joints; ka-to-zhe (kattóže) - cracking sound hitting something; naⁿ-to-zhe (nąttóže) - make crack sound by treading; po-to-zhe (póttože) - make crack sound thrusting; ta-to-zhe (táttože) - cracking sound made by burning

 

sound, make a dull sound

► ka-xa-xa-da (kaxáxada) - thump, make a dull sound ► a-xa-xa-da (áxaxada) - I, da-xa-xa-da (dáxaxada) - you

► cf. di-xa-xa-da (dixáxada) - clatter, noise of planks; ka-ha a-na-xa-da (kkehá anaxáda) - shell shaker, stomp dance shells [MS]

 

sound, make a gnawing sound

► da-k’a-k’a-xe (dakʔákʔaxe) - make gnawing sound

► cf. da (da) - by mouth; da-k’a-xe (dákʔaxé) - make grating sound; ba-k’a-xe (bakʔáxe) - make scratching sound; bi-k’a-xe (bikʔáxe) - scratching sound by pressing; di-k’a-xe (dikʔáxe) - scratch superficially; di-k’a-k’a-xe (dikʔákʔaxe) - scratching sounds, as a dog; ka-k’a-xe (kakʔáxe) - make a scraping sound; naⁿ-k’a-xe (nąkʔáxe) - make grating sound with feet; pa-k’a-xe (pákʔaxe) - scrape or grind while cutting; po-k’a-xe (pókʔaxe) - grating sound from probing

► Dhegiha: tha-k’a-xe (thak’áxe) - grating sound, gnaw, to make a grating noise by gnawing as a rat does [Omaha/Ponca]; ya-k’a-ghe (yak’ághe) - make a grating noise [Kaw]

 

sound, make a grating sound

► da-k’a-xe (dákʔaxé) - make grating sound

► cf. da (da) - by mouth; da-k’a-k’a-xe (dakʔákʔaxe) - make gnawing sound; ba-k’a-xe (bakʔáxe) - make scratching sound; bi-k’a-xe (bikʔáxe) - scratching sound by pressing; di-k’a-xe (dikʔáxe) - scratch superficially; di-k’a-k’a-xe (dikʔákʔaxe) - scratching sounds, as a dog; ka-k’a-xe (kakʔáxe) - make a scraping sound; naⁿ-k’a-xe (nąkʔáxe) - make grating sound with feet; pa-k’a-xe (pákʔaxe) - scrape or grind while cutting; po-k’a-xe (pókʔaxe) - grating sound from probing

► Dhegiha: tha-k’a-xe (thak’axe) - to make a grating noise by gnawing [Omaha/Ponca]; ya-k’a-ghe (yak’ághe) - make a grating noise [Kaw]

 

sound, make a grating sound with the feet

► naⁿ-k’a-xe (nąkʔáxe) - make grating sound with feet ► a-naⁿ-k’a-xe (aną́kʔaxe) - I, da-naⁿ-k’a-xe (daną́kʔaxe) - you

► cf. naⁿ (naⁿ) - by action of the foot; ba-k’a-xe (bakʔáxe) - make scratching sound; bi-k’a-xe (bikʔáxe) - scratching sound by pressing; da-k’a-xe (dákʔaxé) - make grating sound; da-k’a-k’a-xe (dakʔákʔaxe) - make gnawing sound; di-k’a-xe (dikʔáxe) - scratch superficially; di-k’a-k’a-xe (dikʔákʔaxe) - scratching sounds, as a dog; ka-k’a-xe (kakʔáxe) - make a scraping sound; pa-k’a-xe (pákʔaxe) - scrape or grind while cutting; po-k’a-xe (pókʔaxe) - grating sound from probing

► Dhegiha: naⁿ-k’a-ghe (naⁿk’ághe) - to make a grating sound by walking on, or by machine, to make a grating or creaking sound by walking on thin metal, or by machinery coming in contact with it [Kaw]

 

sound, make a popping or snapping sound

► di-to-pe-de (dittóppedé) - make popping or snapping sound ► bdi-to-pe-de (bdíttoppedé) - I, ti-to-pe-de (ttíttoppedé) - you

 

sound, make a popping sound with the mouth

► da-ta-zhe (dattáže) - make popping sound with mouth ► bda-ta-zhe (bdáttaže) - I, ta-ta-zhe (ttáttaže) - you

► cf. da (da) - by mouth; ba-ta-zhe (battáže) - to make a popping sound from pushing; bi-ta-zhe (bittáže) - popping sound from pressing; di-ta-zhe (dittáže) - snap the fingers; ka-ta-zhe (kattáže), ga-ta-zhe (gattáže) - clap the hands; naⁿ-pe ka-ta-zhe (nąpe kattáže) - clap the hands; naⁿ-ta-zhe (nąttáže) - pop by stepping on; po-ta-zhe (póttaže) - thrust and cause popping sound; ta-ta-zhe (táttaže) - to make a popping sound, as wood in a fire

 

sound, make a scraping sound

► ka-k’a-xe (kakʔáxe) - make a scraping sound ► a-k’a-xe (ákʔaxe) - I, da-k’a-xe (dákʔaxe) - you

► cf. ka (ka) - by striking, by action of the wind or water; ba-k’a-xe (bakʔáxe) - make scratching sound; bi-k’a-xe (bikʔáxe) - scratching sound by pressing; da-k’a-xe (dákʔaxé) - make grating sound; da-k’a-k’a-xe (dakʔákʔaxe) - make gnawing sound; di-k’a-xe (dikʔáxe) - scratch superficially; di-k’a-k’a-xe (dikʔákʔaxe) - scratching sounds, as a dog; naⁿ-k’a-xe (nąkʔáxe) - make grating sound with feet; pa-k’a-xe (pákʔaxe) - scrape or grind while cutting; po-k’a-xe (pókʔaxe) - grating sound from probing

► Dhegiha: ga-’a-xe (ga’áxe) - to make the sound heard when a bone or metal is hit; to strike an object and glance off [Omaha/Ponca]; ga-ʰk’a-xe (ga-ḳ’a-xe) - sound of grating [FL-Osage]; ga-k’a-ghe (gak’ághe) - make a grating sound on metal; rattle, as stones in a can [Kaw]

 

sound, make a tearing sound

► di-so-wa-de (disowáde) - make tearing sound ► bdi-so-wa-de (bdísowáde) - I, ti-so-wa-de (ttísowáde) -you

 

sound, make a whooshing sound

► ka-xoⁿ-xoⁿ-te (kaxǫ́xǫtte), ka-xo-xo-te (kaxóxotte) - make a whooshing sound

► cf. ga-xoⁿ-xoⁿ-te (gaγǫ́γǫtte) - buzzing, humming sound; ka-xoⁿ-te (kaxǫ́tte) - whizzing sound, as a bullet

 

sound, make grating sound by gnawing on

► a-da-x’i (ádaxʔi) - make grating sound by gnawing on, as a rat gnawing on wood or metal

► cf. a-pa-x’i (ápaxʔi) - cut meat from the bone; ka-x’i (kaxʔí) - scrape, as hair from a hide

► ex: shoⁿ-ke ta wa-hi a-da-x’i (šǫ́ke ttawáhi ádaxʔí) - the dog gnawed the deer bone

 

sound, make rustling sound

► di-xo-xo-wa-de (dixóxowáde) - rustle, make rustling sound ► bdi-xo-xo-wa-de (bdíxoxowáde) - I, ti-xo-xo-wa-de (ttíxoxowáde) - you

► cf. ka-xo-wa-de (kaxówade) - pattering sound; ka-xo-xo-te (kaxóxotte) - make a whooshing sound; ka-xoⁿ-xoⁿ-te (kaxǫ́xǫtte) - make a whooshing sound; ka-xoⁿ-te (kaxǫ́tte) - whizzing sound, as a bullet; ga-xoⁿ-xoⁿ-te (gaγǫ́γǫtte) - buzzing, humming sound

 

sound, make scratching sound

► ba-k’a-xe (bakʔáxe) - make scratching sound ► pa-k’a-xe (ppákʔaxe) - I, shpa-k’a-xe (špákʔaxe) - you

► cf. ba (ba) - by pushing; da-k’a-xe (dákʔaxé) - make grating sound; da-k’a-k’a-xe (dakʔákʔaxe) - make gnawing sound; bi-k’a-xe (bikʔáxe) - scratching sound by pressing; di-k’a-xe (dikʔáxe) - scratch superficially; di-k’a-k’a-xe (dikʔákʔaxe) - scratching sounds, as a dog; ka-k’a-xe (kakʔáxe) - make a scraping sound; naⁿ-k’a-xe (nąkʔáxe) - make grating sound with feet; pa-k’a-xe (pákʔaxe) - scrape or grind while cutting; po-k’a-xe (pókʔaxe) - grating sound from probing

► Dhegiha: ba-k’a-xe (bak’áxe) - to make a scraping sound by scraping with glass, etc. [Omaha/Ponca]; ba-k’a-ghe (bak’ághe) - to make a grating sound of a file in filing, to push a stick firmly against some hard object, which it cannot penetrate, and from which it glances off [Kaw]; ba-k’a-ghe (bák’aghe) - make the grating sound, as in sawing through bone or metal [Kaw]

 

sound, onomatopoeia

► chʰo-kʰe (čʰokʰé) - it sounded chʰo (čʰo) [JOD]

► ex: iⁿ-tʰiⁿ de-de naⁿ ni-ti chʰo-kʰe hi niⁿ (į́tʰį dedé ną nítti čʰokʰé hi nį) - when he threw the stick/club in the water, it made the sound “chʰo” [JOD]

 

sound, pattering sound

► ka-xo-wa-de (kaxówade) - pattering sound

► cf. di-xo-xo-wa-de (dixóxowáde) - rustle, make rustling sound; ka-xo-xo-te (kaxóxotte) - make a whooshing sound; ka-xoⁿ-xoⁿ-te (kaxǫ́xǫtte) - make a whooshing sound; ka-xoⁿ-te (kaxǫ́tte) - whizzing sound, as a bullet; ga-xoⁿ-xoⁿ-te (gaγǫ́γǫtte) - buzzing, humming sound

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ iⁿ-tʰiⁿ de-de naⁿ ka-xo-wa-de i-naⁿ, i-ya-we (kóišǫ́ttą į́tʰį déde ną kaxówade iną́, iyáwe) - then he threw the club/stick, when it alighted suddenly making the sound “po” from hitting the ground, they say [JOD]

 

sound, popping sound from pressing

► bi-ta-zhe (bittáže) - popping sound from pressing ► pi-ta-zhe (ppíttaže) - I, shpi-ta-zhe (špíttaže) - you

► cf. bi (bi) - by pressing, rubbing; ba-ta-zhe (battáže) - to make a popping sound from pushing; da-ta-zhe (dattáže) - make popping sound with mouth; di-ta-zhe (dittáže) - snap the fingers; ka-ta-zhe (kattáže), ga-ta-zhe (gattáže) - clap the hands; naⁿ-pe ka-ta-zhe (nąpe kattáže) - clap the hands; naⁿ-ta-zhe (nąttáže) - pop by stepping on; po-ta-zhe (póttaže) - thrust and cause popping sound; ta-ta-zhe (táttaže) - to make a popping sound, as wood in a fire

 

sound, ringing sound

► ka-da (káda) - ringing sound

► cf. ka-ka-da (kakáda) - bell; di-ka-da (dikáda) - ring a bell pulling the rope

 

sound, ringing sound in the ear

► ni-xi-te maⁿ-tʰe tiⁿiⁿ (niγítte mą́tʰe ttį́į́) - ringing in the ear [MS]

► cf. ni-xi-te (niγítte) - inner ear, opening of the ear, hearing; maⁿ-tʰe (mą́tʰe) - inside, in, within, under; tiⁿiⁿ (ttį́į́) - ringing sound in the ear, onomatopoeia

► Dhegiha: noⁿ-xi-de (noⁿxide) - ear, the inner hearing organ [Omaha]; na-xi-de (naxíde) - ear [JOD-Omaha]; noⁿ-xu-dse (noⁿ-xú-dse) - the internal, that which holds the hearing orifice [FL-Osage]; naⁿ-xu-tse (nąąγúce) - ear, inner ear, act of hearing, understanding, paying attention, heeding advice [CQ-Osage]; ni-ghu-je (nighúje) - the external ear, sense of hearing [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: maⁿ-te (máⁿ-te) - in, into, within [JOD-Omaha]; moⁿ-te (moⁿte) - inside [Omaha]; moⁿ-tse (móⁿ-tse) - in the deepest of secret places [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-tsʰe (mącʰé) - in the center of something, centrally located, within, underneath [CQ-Osage]; maⁿ-che (máⁿche) - underneath, within [Kaw]

 

sound, scratching sound by pressing

► bi-k’a-xe (bikʔáxe) - scratching sound by pressing ► pi-k’a-xe (ppíkʔaxe) - I, shpi-k’a-xe (špíkʔaxe) - you

► cf. bi (bi) - by pressing, rubbing; ba-k’a-xe (bakʔáxe) - make scratching sound; da-k’a-xe (dákʔaxé) - make grating sound; da-k’a-k’a-xe (dakʔákʔaxe) - make gnawing sound; di-k’a-xe (dikʔáxe) - scratch superficially; di-k’a-k’a-xe (dikʔákʔaxe) - scratching sounds, as a dog; ka-k’a-xe (kakʔáxe) - make a scraping sound; naⁿ-k’a-xe (nąkʔáxe) - make grating sound with feet; pa-k’a-xe (pákʔaxe) - scrape or grind while cutting; po-k’a-xe (pókʔaxe) - grating sound from probing

► Dhegiha: bu-k’a-ghe (buk’ághe) - to make a grating sound by pressure, esp. on metal [Kaw]

 

sound, thrust and cause popping sound

► po-ta-zhe (póttaže) - thrust and cause popping sound ► po-a-ta-zhe (póattáže) - I, po-da-ta-zhe (pódattáže) - you

► cf. po (po) - by shooting, blowing, punching, thrusting; ba-ta-zhe (battáže) - to make a popping sound from pushing; bi-ta-zhe (bittáže) - popping sound from pressing; da-ta-zhe (dattáže) - make popping sound with mouth; di-ta-zhe (dittáže) - snap the fingers; ka-ta-zhe (kattáže), ga-ta-zhe (gattáže) - clap the hands; naⁿ-pe ka-ta-zhe (nąpe kattáže) - clap the hands; naⁿ-ta-zhe (nąttáže) - pop by stepping on; ta-ta-zhe (táttaže) - to make a popping sound, as wood in a fire

 

sound, to make a popping sound

► ta-ta-zhe (táttaže) - to make a popping sound, as wood in a fire

► cf. ta (tá) - by extreme temperature; ba-ta-zhe (battáže) - to make a popping sound from pushing; bi-ta-zhe (bittáže) - popping sound from pressing; da-ta-zhe (dattáže) - make popping sound with mouth; di-ta-zhe (dittáže) - snap the fingers; ka-ta-zhe (kattáže), ga-ta-zhe (gattáže) - clap the hands; naⁿ-pe ka-ta-zhe (nąpe kattáže) - clap the hands; naⁿ-ta-zhe (nąttáže) - pop by stepping on; po-ta-zhe (póttaže) - thrust and cause popping sound

 

sound, to make a popping sound from pushing

► ba-ta-zhe (battáže) - to make a popping sound from pushing ► pa-ta-zhe (ppáttaže) - I, shpa-ta-zhe (špáttaže) - you

► cf. ba (ba) - by pushing; bi-ta-zhe (bittáže) - popping sound from pressing; da-ta-zhe (dattáže) - make popping sound with mouth; di-ta-zhe (dittáže) - snap the fingers; ka-ta-zhe (kattáže), ga-ta-zhe (gattáže) - clap the hands; naⁿ-pe ka-ta-zhe (nąpe kattáže) - clap the hands; naⁿ-ta-zhe (nąttáže) - pop by stepping on; po-ta-zhe (póttaže) - thrust and cause popping sound; ta-ta-zhe (táttaže) - to make a popping sound, as wood in a fire

 

sound, whizzing sound

► ka-xoⁿ-te (kaxǫ́tte) - whizzing sound, as a bullet

► cf. ka-xoⁿ-xoⁿ-te (kaxǫ́xǫtte), ka-xo-xo-te (kaxóxotte) - make a whooshing sound; ga-xoⁿ-xoⁿ-te (gaγǫ́γǫtte) - buzzing, humming sound

 

sounds, make rustling sounds

► di-sa-sa-da (disásada) - rustle, make such sounds ► bdi-sa-sa-da (bdísasada) - I, ti-sa-sa-da (ttísasada) - you

 

► di-xo-xo-wa-de (dixóxowáde) - rustle, make rustling sound ► bdi-xo-xo-wa-de (bdíxoxowáde) - I, ti-xo-xo-wa-de (ttíxoxowáde) - you

► cf. ka-xo-wa-de (kaxówade) - pattering sound; ka-xo-xo-te (kaxóxotte) - make a whooshing sound; ka-xoⁿ-xoⁿ-te (kaxǫ́xǫtte) - make a whooshing sound; ka-xoⁿ-te (kaxǫ́tte) - whizzing sound, as a bullet; ga-xoⁿ-xoⁿ-te (gaγǫ́γǫtte) - buzzing, humming sound

 

sounds, one of the sounds of thunder

► di-to-to-xi (dittóttoxi) - one of the sounds of thunder

► cf. di-to-xi (dittóxi) - discharge, make a bang; ba-to-xi (battóxi) - burst by punching, pushing; bi-to-xi (bittóxi) - burst from pressure/weight; ka-to-xi (kattóxi) - burst, break open; naⁿ-to-xi (nąttóxi) - step on and burst something; po-to-xi (póttoxi) - burst from a shot or punch; ni po-to-xe (nippóttoxe) - soda pop, “exploding water”; ta-to-xi (táttoxi) - to cause burst by burning

► Dhegiha: thi-tʰu-xi (thitʰúqi) - to make a crackling sound by pulling [Omaha/Ponca]

 

sounds, scratching sounds

► di-k’a-k’a-xe (dikʔákʔaxe) - scratching sounds, as a dog

► cf. di (di) - cause by using the hands; general causative; di-k’a-xe (dikʔáxe) - scratch superficially; ba-k’a-xe (bakʔáxe) - make scratching sound; bi-k’a-xe (bikʔáxe) - scratching sound by pressing; da-k’a-xe (dákʔaxé) - make grating sound; da-k’a-k’a-xe (dakʔákʔaxe) - make gnawing sound; naⁿ-k’a-xe (nąkʔáxe) - make grating sound with feet; pa-k’a-xe (pákʔaxe) - scrape or grind while cutting; po-k’a-xe (pókʔaxe) - grating sound from probing

► Dhegiha: thi-’a-’a-xe (thi’á’axe) - to make a succession of grating or scratching sounds, as when a dog scratches against a door, or a person feels in the dark for a door-knob, or when one knife is sharpened against another [Omaha/Ponca]; yu-k’á-k’a-ghe (yuk’ák’aghe) - make scratching or rattling sounds [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: thi-’a-xe (thi’áxe) - to make a single grating or scratching sound [Omaha/Ponca]; thi-k’a-xe (¢i-k’á-xe) - to make a scratching sound, as a dog that wishes to have a door opened [JOD-Omaha]; thi-ʰk’a-xe (thi-ḳ’á-xe) - the clicking, rattling sounds as from the sharpening of a knife, or from the rattling of plates, or from the tail of a rattlesnake [FL-Osage]

 

soup

► ta-ni-o-hoⁿ (ttanióhǫ) - soup, beef soup

► ta-niu-hoⁿ (ttanǘhǫ) - soup [OM]

► cf. ta (tta) - meat; ni (ni) - water; o-hoⁿ (ohǫ) - cook, boil

► Dhegiha: ta-ni (taní) - soup [Omaha/Ponca]; ta-ni (tani) - broth, soup [Omaha]; ʰta-ni (ṭa-ní) - soup, broth, “meat water” [FL-Osage]; ʰta-ni (ʰtaaníi) - soup, broth, consommé [CQ-Osage]; ta-niⁿ (ta níⁿ) - soup [Kaw]

 

► ta-ni-o-hoⁿ-de (ttanióhǫde), ta-niu-hoⁿ-de (ttanǘhǫde) - soup, beef soup

► ta-niu-hoⁿ-de (ttanǘhǫde) - soup [MR]

► cf. ta (tta) - meat; ni (ni) - water; o-hoⁿ (ohǫ) - cook, boil; de (de) - cause

► Dhegiha: ta-ni (taní) - soup [Omaha/Ponca]; ta-ni (tani) - broth, soup [Omaha]; ʰta-ni (ṭa-ní) - soup, broth, “meat water” [FL-Osage]; ʰta-ni (ʰtaaníi) - soup, broth, consommé [CQ-Osage]; ta-niⁿ (ta níⁿ) - soup [Kaw]

 

sour

► ski-de shi-ge (skíde šíke) - sour

► cf. ski-de (skíde) - sweet; shi-ke (šíke) - bad

 

► ski-de (skíde) - sweet, sour

► Dhegiha: ski-the (skíthe) - sweet, sour [Omaha/Ponca]; ski-the (çkithe) - sweet [Omaha]; ski-the (çkí-the), skiu-e (çkiu-e), skiu-the (çkiu-the), sku-the (çku-the) - sweet [FL-Osage]; sku-the (skúðe), sku-e (skúe) - sweet [CQ-Osage]; sku-we (skúwe) - sweets, be sweet [Kaw]

 

sour, belch with a sour taste

► pi-xe (ppíxe) - belch with a sour taste ► a-pi-xe (appíxe) - I, da-pi-xe (dappíxe) - you, oⁿ-pi-xa-we (ǫppíxawe) - we

 

south

► a-k’a i-de (ákʔa idé) - south [MS]

► cf. a-k’a (ákʔa) - west wind; a-k’a i-de (ákʔa idé) - the name of the west wind or quarter

► Dhegiha: a-’a (á’a) - the south wind (archaic) [Omaha/Ponca]; a-ʰk’a (á-ḳ’a) - south, the south wind [FL-Osage]; a-k’a-hu-e (akʔahúe) - south wind [CQ-Osage]; a-k’a (ák’a) - south, south wind; deity of the south wind, power of the south wind [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: a-k’a zhiⁿ-ga (ák’a zhíⁿga), a-k’a-hiⁿ-ga (ák’ahiⁿga) - west, west wind [Kaw]; a-k’o-ye (ák’oye) - west wind [Kaw]

 

► a-ka-hi-da (ágahída) - south, down (south) [ASG]

► a-ka-hi-da (ákahída) - downstream, downwind, with the wind or current

► a-ka-hi-da (akahidah) - New Orleans (Nouvelle Orléans) [GI]

► cf. a-ka-hi-da o-ka-xde (ákahída okáxde) - facing downstream, with his back to the wind; a-ka-hi-da-ta-de-de (ákahídattadéde) - southeast, location, direction, “towards the south, downstream”

► Dhegiha: ni-u-ga-hi-tha (ni-ú-ga-hi-tha) - flow of water; a torrent; a current; the flow of a stream [FL-Osage]

 

► o-ka-xpa i-de (okáxpa idé) - south [MS]

► o-ka-xpa i-de (okáxpa idé) - south, wind or quarter, conveys idea of going downstream

► cf. o-ka-xpa (okáxpa) - Quapaw, people who went downstream; ka-xpa (káxpa) - south wind; o-ka-xpa-de (okáxpade) - knock off, cause to fall off

► Dhegiha: u-ga-xpa (ugaxpa) - Quapaw Tribe [Omaha]; u-ga-xpa (u-gá-qpa) - “those who went down the stream,” the kwapas or Quapaws, they were known to the Illinois tribes as the “Arkansas” or “Alkansas”, the Ponkas and Omahas us “ugaha” where the Kwapas do “ugaqpa,” to denote motion down a stream, with the current, the opposite term in “k͓imaⁿhaⁿ” [JOD-Omaha]; u-ga-xpa ga-xa (u-gá-xpa ga-xa) - Quapaw Creek, Okla [FL-Osage]; o-ka-xpa (okáxpa) - Quapaw Indians [CQ-Osage]; o-ga-xpa (ogáxpa) - Quapaw tribe or people, “The down-stream people,” so called because their ancestors went down the Mississippi, while the Omahas, Ponca, Osages, and Kansa, went up that stream, after leaving the mouth of the Ohio (River). The Ogáxpa or Kwapas have been called Shappas, Shapahas, Kapahas, Quappas, Quapaws, etc. They were also known in early colonial days as the Akansa or Arkansa [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: u-ga-xpa-the (ugáqpathe) - to make large objects, fruit, leaves, etc., fall from a height by shaking or hitting: to blow down, as the wind does the leaves [Omaha/Ponca]; u-ga-xpa-the (u-gá-xpa-the) - to be thrown from a horse [FL-Osage]; o-ga-xpa-ye (ogáxpaye) - knock somebody off from a height, as from a horse, perch, etc. [Kaw]

 

► o-shti-te (oštítte) - south

► o-shti-te (ustíte) - south [ASG]

► cf. shti-te (štítte) - warm, comfortably; di-shti-te (dištité) - warm something in the hands; o-ta-shti-te-ti (otáštitétti) - in the sunshine [JOD]; ta-shti-te (táštite) - warm, heat up; ta-shti-te-ki-de (táštitekkide) - warm oneself by the fire

► Dhegiha: u-shti-de (ushtíde) - to be comfortable in, as in bed [Omaha/Ponca]

► Dhegiha: shti-de (shtíde) - comfortable, warm, cozy [Omaha/Ponca]; shti-de (shtide) - warm by the sun [Omaha]; shti-de (shtí-de) - to be warm [FL-Osage]; shtsu-tse (šcúuce) - warm [CQ-Osage]; shtsu-je (shcúje) - comfortable [Kaw]

 

south wind

► ka-xpa (káxpa) - south wind

► cf. o-ka-xpa (okáxpa) - Quapaw, people who went downstream; o-ka-xpa i-de (okáxpa idé) - south, wind or quarter, conveys idea of going downstream; o-ka-xpa-de (okáxpade) - knock off, cause to fall off

► Dhegiha: ga-xpa (gá-xpa) - the east, where the sun rises [FL-Osage]; ga-xpa dsi (gá-xpa dsi) - where rises the sun in the east, originally this meant the setting sun [FL-Osage]; ʰta-dse ga-xpa tse (ṭá-dse ga-xpa tse) - east wind, east [FL-Osage]

 

southeast, towards the south, downstream

► a-ka-hi-da-ta-de-de (ákahídattadéde) - southeast, location, direction, “towards the south, downstream”

► cf. a-ka-hi-da (ákahída) - downstream, downwind, with the wind or current; a-ka-hi-da (akahidah) - New Orleans (Nouvelle Orléans) [GI]; ta-de-de (-ttadéde) - towards, in the direction of; a-ka-hi-da o-ka-xde (ákahída okáxde) - facing downstream; with his back to the wind; mi o-xpe-ta-de-de (mí oxpéttadéde) - southwest, “towards sunset”; mi o-ti-naⁿ-be-ta-de-de (mi óttiną́bettadéde) - northeast, “sun - rise (view) - towards”; o-sni-hi-ta-de-de (osnihíttadéde) - northwest, “whence the cold comes”; ta-de-de-do-shi (-ttadédedóši) - towards, in that direction; mi o-xpe-ta-de-de-do-shi (mi óxpettadédedóši) - on the west side

► Dhegiha: ni-u-ga-hi-tha (ni-ú-ga-hi-tha) - flow of water; a torrent; a current; the flow of a stream [FL-Osage]

 

southwest

► mi o-xpe-ta-de-de (mí oxpéttadéde) - southwest, “towards sunset”

► cf. mi o-xpe (mí oxpé) - sunset; ta-de-de (-ttadéde) - towards, in the direction of; mi o-xpe-ta-de-de-do-shi (míoxpe-ttadede doši) - toward the sunset; on the west side

► Dhegiha: mi u-xpe (mi-ú-xpe) - sun falls, sunset [FL-Osage]

 

space, crack, interval

► o-ta-na (ottána) - space, crack, interval

► cf. o-ka-ta-na (okáttana) - crack something by handling it; o-naⁿ-ta-na (oną́ttana) - crack something by walking on it

► Dhegiha: u-taⁿ-na (utaⁿna), u-taⁿ-noⁿ (utaⁿnoⁿ) - between [Omaha]; u-tʰoⁿ-na (utʰóⁿna) - between [Omaha/Ponca]; u-ʰta-noⁿ (u-ṭa-noⁿ) - between [FL-Osage]; o-ʰtaⁿ-naⁿ (oʰtą́ną) - between, in between, the space between things [CQ-Osage]; o-ta-naⁿ (otánaⁿ) - space between two things, e.g. between furrows [Kaw]

 

spade, dig with a spade

► di-k’o (dikʔó) - dig with knife, spade or paws ► bdi-k’o (bdíkʔo) - I, ti-k’o (ttíkʔo) - you

► cf. wa-ka-k’o (wakákʔo) - paw the ground, as dog or horse; we-ba-k’o (wébakʔo) - scraper or flesher for hides; we-ka-k’o (wékakʔo) - flesher for hides; di-ko-ko (dikóko) - digs out often [JOD]; di-ko-te (dikótte) - dig out, probe; o-di-x’o-te (odíxʔotte) - bore a hole; o-x’o-te (oxʔótte) - hole, natural opening; di-k’o-te wa-xe (dikʔó tte waxé) - digging a grave [MS]

► Dhegiha: yu-k’o (yuk'ó) - scrape clean, dig up [Kaw]; a-yu-k’o (áyuk'o), a-yi-k’o (áyik'o) - dig a hole with the hands [Kaw]; ba-ʰk’u (ba-ḳ’ú) - to dig a ditch [FL-Osage]; pa-k’o (paakʔó) - dig, dig a grave [CQ-Osage]

 

Spanish, Spaniard, Mexican

► spa-i-’aⁿ (spáiʔą) - Mexican

► spa-i-a (spáia) - Mexican [MS]

► spa-iⁿ (spahin) - Spaniard (Espagnol) [GI]

► Dhegiha: shpai-u-na (shpaiúna) - Spaniard, Spanish person [Omaha/Ponca]; he-shpai-u-na (héshpaiúna) - Spaniard, Spanish person or people [Omaha/Ponca]; he-spa-yu-na (hespayúna) - Spaniards, Hispanic [Omaha]; i-spa-tho (i-spá-tho) - the Osage word for Spanish; Spaniard [FL-Osage]; i-shpa-thoⁿ (íšpaðǫ)  - Spanish, Mexican, French; Spaniard, any native Spanish speaking person, especially a Mexican, French person; Spanish language, French language, borrowed from Spanish español [CQ-Osage]; e-spa-na-ni (espánani), e-spa-no-ne (éspanòne) - Mexican, Spaniard [Kaw]

 

spare, be unable to spare something

► i-kʰiⁿ-te (íkʰį́tte) - be unable to spare something ► i-da-kʰiⁿ-te (idákʰįtté) - I, i-da-kʰiⁿ-te (ídakʰįtte) - you

 

sparks, make sparks from poking fire

► di-xni-zhe (dixníže) - make sparks from poking fire ► bdi-xni-zhe (bdíxniže) - I, ti-xni-zhe (ttíxniže) - you

► ex: pe-te a-ki-ba-xniⁿ-xniⁿ-zhe (ppétte akíbaxnįxnį́že) - I pushed at the fire often [JOD]

► Dhegiha: xthiⁿ-zhe (qthíⁿzhe) - spark, sparkle, sparkling, sending out sparks [Omaha/Ponca]; xthiⁿ-zha (xthiⁿ-zhá) - sparks of a fire, sparks that fly upward from the sticks or fire drills used for starting a fire [FL-Osage]; liⁿ-zhe (lį́įže) - sparks that fly from a fire [CQ-Osage]

 

sparks, there were sparks

► shti-we-zhiⁿ pa (štíwežį ppá) - there were sparks [JOD]

 

sparrow

► xe-ka (xékka) - sparrow, Spizella

 

sparrow or red tailed hawk

► i-be zi-ka (íbe zíkka) - hawk, red tailed or sparrow

► cf. i-be (íbe) - tail of bird; i-be hiⁿ (íbehį) - tail feathers; ho i-be (ho íbe) - fish tail or tail fin; zi (zi) - yellow; zhaⁿ zi-ka (zą́zikka) - flicker, red shafted; yellow ringed woodpecker; he zi-ka (hézikka) - bee; o-zi-ka (ozíkka) - wider at one end than other

► Dhegiha: iⁿ-be zi-ga (iⁿbe çiga) - red tail hawk [Omaha]; iⁿ-be zi-ga (iⁿ́bezíga) - yellow tailed hawk [JOD-Omaha]; iⁿ-be zi-ga (į́-be-çi-ga), oⁿ-be zi-ga (óⁿ-be çi-ga) - the red tailed hawk [FL-Osage]; le-taⁿ oⁿ-pe zhu-tse (letą́ ǫ́pe žúuce) - redtailed hawk [CQ-Osage]; u-be zi-hi (úbe zìhi) - the red tailed hawk [Kaw]; u-be zi zhiⁿ-ga (úbe zi zhíⁿga) - the red tailed hawk, lit. “tail feathers are a little yellow”; one of the largest hawks [Kaw]

 

speak badly of or incorrectly

► da-shi-ke (dašíke) - speak badly of or incorrectly ► bda-shi-ke (bdášike) - I, ta-shi-ke (ttášike) - you

► cf. da (da) - by mouth; shi-ke (šíke) - bad; kda-shi-ke (kdášike) - speak ill of one’s own

► Dhegiha: tha-pi-a-zhi (thápíazhi) - speak badly, mispronounce, speak evil, to speak a language incorrectly, to pronounce a word or phrase badly, to speak evil of someone [Omaha/Ponca]; tha-ʰpi-zhi (tha-p̣í-zhi) - execrate [FL-Osage]; wa-tha-ʰpi-zhi (wa-thá-p̣i-zhi) - to disparage, to speak evil of one [FL-Osage]

 

speak ill of one’s own

► kda-shi-ke (kdášike) - speak ill of one’s own ► a-kda-shi-ke (akdášike) - I, da-kda-shi-ke (dakdášike) - you

► cf. da-shi-ke (dašíke) - speak badly of or incorrectly; shi-ke (šíke) - bad; o-kda (okdá) - confess, tell of one’s own; o-da (odá) - tell something; o-ki-da (okída) - tell something to another; o-da-ke (odáke) - tell about something; o-ki-da-ke (okídake) - tell it to (some)one; o-ki-kda-ke (ókkikdáke) - speak of oneself

► Dhegiha: u-gtha-shi-ge (ugtháshige) - to complain of his relations, friends, etc. [Omaha/Ponca]; gtha-pi-a-zhi (gthápiázhi) - to speak one’s own badly, speak one’s native language incorrectly or speak badly of one’s relative [Omaha/Ponca]

► Dhegiha: u-tha-shi-ge (ú-tha-shi-ge) - to complain [FL-Osage]; wa-tha-shi-ge (wa-thá-shi-ge) - to slander [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: tha-pi-a-zhi (thápíazhi) - speak badly, mispronounce, speak evil, to speak a language incorrectly, to pronounce a word or phrase badly, to speak evil of someone [Omaha/Ponca]; tha-ʰpi-zhi (tha-p̣í-zhi) - execrate [FL-Osage]; wa-tha-ʰpi-zhi (wa-thá-p̣i-zhi) - to disparage, to speak evil of one [FL-Osage]

 

speak of oneself

► o-ki-kda-ke (ókkikdáke) - speak of oneself

► cf. o-kda (okdá) - confess, tell of one’s own; o-ki-da-ke (okídake) - tell it to (some)one; o-da-ke (odáke) - tell about something; kda-shi-ke (kdášike) - speak ill of one’s own; da-shi-ke (dašíke) - speak badly of or incorrectly; o-da (odá) - tell something; o-ki-da (okída) - tell something to another

► Dhegiha: u-ʰki-gtha-ge (u-ḳí-gtha-ge) - to speak of one’s self [FL-Osage]; o-ʰki-la-ke (oʰkílaake) - tell about oneself, speak of oneself [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: u-tha-ge (u-thá-ge) - to tell a tale or a story; to make a statement [FL-Osage]; u-tha-ge (ú-tha-ge) - a story, narrative, a legend, tradition [FL-Osage]; o-tha-ke (oðáake) - tell e.g., news, stories, relate, narrate, recite, state, proclaim, inform, say so [CQ-Osage]; o-tha-ke (óðaake) - tell things, inform; story, tale, legend, narrative, telling of something, reporting of news [CQ-Osage]; o-ya-ge (oyáge) - tell someone; promise [Kaw]; o-ya-ge (óyage) - tell something to someone [Kaw]

 

speak of, promise, threaten

► i-yi-yaⁿ (íyiyą́), i-e ’oⁿ (ié ʔǫ) - promise, threaten, speak of ► i-yi-maⁿ (íyimą́) - I, i-yi-zhaⁿ (íyižą́) - you

► cf. i-e (ié) - say, talk, speak, word; ’oⁿ (ʔǫ) - do

► ex: i-yi-zhaⁿ (íyižą́) - you speak of it [JOD]

► ex: he-be da-ki-k’iⁿ ta-tʰe i-yi-zhaⁿ te (hébe dakíkʔį ttatʰé íyižą́ tte) - you will speak of carrying your share on your back [JOD]

 

speak to onself or each other

► o-ki-ki-e (okkíkkie) - talk to each other or oneself ► o-a-ki-ki-e (oákkikkie) - I, o-da-ki-ki-e (odákkikkie) - you; o-ki-ki-a-wi (okkíkkiawi) - they

► cf. o-ki-e (okkie), o-ki (okkí), o-ke (okké), o-kye (okye) - speak, talk with one; court a girl; o-ki-ki-e (okíkkie) - talk to a relation

► ex: wi-e o-a-ki-ki-e (wíe oákkikkie) - I/I talk to myself [JOD]

► ex: wi-e o-a-ki-ki-e a-kniⁿ miⁿ-kʰe (wíe oákkikkie aknį́ mįkʰé) - I was just talking to myself [JOD]

► ex: shi-zhi-ka o-ki-ki-e (šižíka okkíkkie) - children (boys)/talking to one another [JOD]

 ► ex: “e-ska, wi-zhiⁿ-ke, shi-zhi-ka o-ki-ki-e i-ye tʰi-kda-kda-pa e-koⁿ koⁿ,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“éska, wižį́ke, šižíka okkíkkie íye tʰíkdakdá-ppa ekǫ́ kkǫ́,” iyí iyá maštį́ke) - “my child, I wish that you would become like children who begin to speak suddenly to one another.” it is said Rabbit said [JOD]

► ex: shi-zhi-ka o-ki-ki-a-wi (šižíka okkíkkiawi) - children (boys)/they talk to one another [JOD]

► ex: “e-ska, wi-zhiⁿ-ke, shi-zhi-ka o-ki-ki-a-wi taⁿ i-ye da-shnaⁿ-shnaⁿ-zhi pa e-koⁿ koⁿ,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“éska, wižį́ke, šižíka okkíkkiawi-tą íye dašną́šnąži-ppá ékǫ kkǫ́,” iyí iyá maštį́ke) - “Oh my son I hope that you become like children who speak to one another very plainly without missing a word, it is said Rabbit said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: u-gi-ki-e (u-gí-ki-e) - to talk with his own relation or friend [JOD-Omaha]; u-gi-ʰki-e (u-gí-ḳi-e) - to speak to a friend or some relation [FL-Osage]; o-ki-ʰki-e (okíʰkie) - speak to one’s own relative, family, or friends [CQ-Osage]; o-gi-ki-ye (ogíkiye) - talk with one’s own (kinsman or friend) [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: u-ki-ki-e (ukíkie) - to talk together [JOD-Omaha]; u-ki-ki-ye (ukikiye) - court, converse, conversation [Omaha]; u-ʰki-ʰki-e (u-ḳí-ḳi-e) - to speak to one another, to hold a conversation, talk together or to each other, a dialogue [FL-Osage]; o-ʰki-ʰki-e (oʰkíʰkie) - talk with one another, converse with each other (usually more than two people) [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: u-ki-ye (ukiye) - talk to, talk with, date, court [Omaha]; u-ki-e (ú-ki-e) - to speak or talk with them; to pay a friendly visit to another tribe [JOD-Omaha]; u-ki-e (u-ki-é) - to speak or talk with; to court a woman [JOD-Omaha]; u-ʰki-e (u-ḳí-e) - to speak or talk to one another; to hold an interview [FL-Osage]; o-ʰki-e (oʰkíe), o-ʰki (oʰkí) - call on the phone, converse with, interview, talk with or to; get together, meeting of a group of people to converse [CQ-Osage]; o-ki-e (okíe) - speak to, talk to; to court a woman [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: i-e (íe) - to speak, word [JOD-Omaha]; i-ye (iye) - speak, talk, speaker, word language [Omaha]; i-e (í-e) - a language; to speak [FL-Osage]; i-e (íe) - talk about, discuss, speak of, talk, say, speak, make a speech or talk, speak a language, word, words, language, teachings, one’s word, speech, prayer [CQ-Osage]; i-e (íe) - speak; speech, language, sentence [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: e (e) - say [FL-Osage]; e (ée) - say; ask or tell someone to do something [CQ-Osage]; e (e) - say [Kaw]

 

speak, talk

► i-e (íe), i-ye (íye) - talk, speak; word ► i-da (idá) - I, i-da (ída) - you, aⁿ-naⁿ-we (ąną́we) - we

► i-e (i-eh) - speak, talk (parler) [GI]

► cf. i-ye (iyé), e (e) - say; i-ye (iyé), i-ya (iyá) - it is said, quotative, hearsay evidential, they say; i-ye si-ze-ni-ke ka-xe (íye sizénike káγe) - abrogate; i-ye shtaⁿ (íyeštą́) - talker, loquacious person; i-ye-ye (iyéye) - to have spoken, yesterday or before

► ex: wa-x’o kʰe i-ye kʰe (waxʔó kʰe íye kʰe) - the woman spoke [JOD]

► ex: de i-ye miⁿ-kʰe hi koⁿ-da (dé íye mį́kʰe hi kǫdá) - this/speaks/tells the truth/very/desires [JOD]

► ex: de iⁿ-xo-wa-zhi hi naⁿ, de i-ye miⁿ-kʰe hi koⁿ-da, a-kʰe (dé įxowáži hí ną, dé íye mį́kʰe hi kǫdá, akʰé) - this one tells no lies, this one wants to speak the truth, it is the one [JOD]

► ex: i-ye da-shnaⁿ-shnaⁿ-zhi pa (íye dašną́šnąži-ppá) - speak very plainly, making no mistakes now and then/the ones who [JOD]

► ex: “e-ska, wi-zhiⁿ-ke, shi-zhi-ka o-ki-ki-a-wi taⁿ i-ye da-shnaⁿ-shnaⁿ-zhi pa e-koⁿ koⁿ,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“éska, wižį́ke, šižíka okkíkkiawi-tą íye dašną́šnąži-ppá ékǫ kkǫ́,” iyí iyá maštį́ke) - “Oh my son I hope that you become like children who speak to one another very plainly without missing a word, it is said Rabbit said [JOD]

► ex: i-ye aⁿ-ta-zho-zhi de (íye ą́ttažóži dé) - words/you injure me with your mouth/really [JOD]

► ex: “i-di-na-zhiⁿ di-taⁿ i-bniⁿ-aⁿ taⁿ i-ye aⁿ-ta-zho-zhi de,” i-yi i-ya maⁿ-tʰo (“ídinážį dittą́ íbnį́ą tą́ íye ą́ttažóži dé,” iyí iyá mątʰó) - I think that you speak so improperly to me on account of you depending on someone to help you,” it is said Grizzly bear said.

 [JOD]

► ex: i-ye tʰi-kda-kda-pa (íye tʰíkdakdá-ppa) - to speak/they begin suddenly now and then/the ones who [JOD]

► ex: “e-ska, wi-zhiⁿ-ke, shi-zhi-ka o-ki-ki-e i-ye tʰi-kda-kda-pa e-koⁿ koⁿ,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“éska, wižį́ke, šižíka okkíkkie íye tʰíkdakdá-ppa ekǫ́ kkǫ́,” iyí iyá maštį́ke) - “my child, I wish that you would become like children who begin to speak suddenly to one another.” it is said Rabbit said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: i-e (íe) - to speak, word [JOD-Omaha]; i-ye (iye) - speak, talk, speaker, word language [Omaha]; i-e (í-e) - a language; to speak [FL-Osage]; i-e (íe) - talk about, discuss, speak of, talk, say, speak, make a speech or talk, speak a language, word, words, language, teachings, one’s word, speech, prayer [CQ-Osage]; i-e (íe) - speak; speech, language, sentence [Kaw]

 

speak, talk with one

► o-ki-e (okkie), o-ki (okí), o-ke (okké), o-kye (okye) - speak, talk with one ► o-a-ki-e (oákkie) - I, o-da-ki-e (odákkie) - you

► cf. i-e (ié), i-ye (iyé), e (e) - say; quotative, non-hearsay evidential; i-e (íe), i-ye (íye) - word; talk, speak; o-ki-ki-e (okíkkie) - talk to a relation; o-ki-ki-e (okkíkkie) - talk to each other or oneself

► ex: aⁿ-ki-a (ą́kkiá) - talk to me! (command) [MS]

► ex: o-a-ki-a-zhi (oákkiáži) - I did not talk to him [JOD]

► ex: wi-zhiⁿ-de, be o-a-ki-a-zhi (wižį́de, bé oákkiáži) - elder brother, I was not talking to anyone [JOD]

► Dhegiha: u-gi-ki-e (u-gí-ki-e) - to talk with his own relation or friend [JOD-Omaha]; u-gi-ʰki-e (u-gí-ḳi-e) - to speak to a friend or some relation [FL-Osage]; o-ki-ʰki-e (okíʰkie) - speak to one’s own relative, family, or friends [CQ-Osage]; o-gi-ki-ye (ogíkiye) - talk with one’s own (kinsman or friend) [Kaw]

► ex: ka-shoⁿ o-wi-ki miⁿ-kʰe (kašǫ owikki mįkʰé) - that’s all I have to say to you [MS]

► ex: o-wi-ki ta miⁿ-kʰe (owikki tta mįkʰé) - I’m going to talk to you [MS]

► ex: o-wi-ki ta miⁿ-kʰe, she-to da-bniⁿ aⁿ-ki-shte, she-mi she-to aⁿ-niⁿ-ke (owikki tta mįkʰé šétto dábnį ą́kišté, semi šétto ąníke) - I'm going to tell you something, I only have three boys remaining (still alive), I have already lost a boy and a girl [MS]

► ex: o-da-ki-e (odákkie) - you talk to him [JOD]

► ex: “ka niⁿ-kʰe be o-da-ki-e e,” i-yi i-ya maⁿ-tʰo (“ká nįkʰé bé odákkie e,” iyí iyá mątʰó) - “who is that you are talking to?” it is said Grizzly bear said [JOD]

► ex: o-ki-e (okkié) - he spoke to it [JOD]

► ex: e-shoⁿ o-ki-e a-da-shtaⁿ taⁿ (ešǫ́ okkié ádaštą́-tą) - and when he stopped talking to him [JOD]

► ex: o-wa-ki-e (ówakkie) - he talks to them [JOD]

► ex: ma-shtiⁿ-ke wa-sa naⁿ-pa ni-kʰa o-wa-ki-e, i-ya (maštį́ke wasá ną́pa nikʰa ówakkie, iyá) - the rabbit spoke to the two black bears, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: maⁿ-shi o-ki (mą́ši okkí), mo-sho-ki (móšokki) - Christian, lit. “talks on high”

► ex: maⁿ-shi o-ki niⁿ-kʰe (mą́ši okkí nįkʰé) - pray (he/she is praying) [MS]

► ex: maⁿ-shi o-ki o-ti (mą́ši okkí ótti) - church, “house to talk above”

► Dhegiha: u-ki-ki-e (ukíkie) - to talk together [JOD-Omaha]; u-ki-ki-ye (ukikiye) - court, converse, conversation [Omaha]; u-ʰki-ʰki-e (u-ḳí-ḳi-e) - to speak to one another, to hold a conversation, talk together or to each other, a dialogue [FL-Osage]; o-ʰki-ʰki-e (oʰkíʰkie) - talk with one another, converse with each other (usually more than two people) [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: u-ki-ye (ukiye) - talk to, talk with, date, court [Omaha]; u-ki-e (ú-ki-e) - to speak or talk with them; to pay a friendly visit to another tribe [JOD-Omaha]; u-ki-e (u-ki-é) - to speak or talk with; to court a woman [JOD-Omaha]; u-ʰki-e (u-ḳí-e) - to speak or talk to one another; to hold an interview [FL-Osage]; o-ʰki-e (oʰkíe), o-ʰki (oʰkí) - call on the phone, converse with, interview, talk with or to; get together, meeting of a group of people to converse [CQ-Osage]; o-ki-e (okíe) - speak to, talk to; to court a woman [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: i-e (íe) - to speak, word [JOD-Omaha]; i-ye (iye) - speak, talk, speaker, word language [Omaha]; i-e (í-e) - a language; to speak [FL-Osage]; i-e (íe) - talk about, discuss, speak of, talk, say, speak, make a speech or talk, speak a language, word, words, language, teachings, one’s word, speech, prayer [CQ-Osage]; i-e (íe) - speak; speech, language, sentence [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: e (e) - say [FL-Osage]; e (ée) - say; ask or tell someone to do something [CQ-Osage]; e (e) - say [Kaw]

 

speak, to not speak

► i-a-zhi (íaží), i-ya-zhi (íyaži) - to not speak; a mute

► cf. i-e (ie), i-ye (íye) - talk, speak; zhi (ži) - negative, negation, not

► ex: i-ya-zhi (íyaži) - he/she spoke not [JOD]

► Dhegiha: i-a-zhi (íazhi) - not to speak, to be silent, negation of i-e (íe) [Omaha/Ponca]; i-a-zhi (í-a-zhi) - a mute, reticent, “speak not” [FL-Osage]; i-a-zhi (íaži) - to say nothing [CQ-Osage]

 

speaking

► a-ta-ta a-tʰaⁿ-he (attátta atʰąhé) - I am speaking now [ASG]

► cf. ta-ta (ttattá) - voice; a-tʰaⁿ-he (atʰąhé) - 1sg continuative auxiliary, singular/standing/animate; ta-ta wa-taⁿ-iⁿ-zhi (ttattá watą́įži) - hoarse voice, to whisper

 

speaking, stop speaking

► a-da-shtaⁿ (ádaštą) - stop activity with the mouth, talking, drinking, eating, etc. ► a-bda-shtaⁿ (ábdaštą) - I, a-ta-shtaⁿ (áttaštą) - you

► cf. di-shtaⁿ (dištą́) - finish, complete; a-di-shtaⁿ (ádištą) - stop work (for the day), cease an activity

► ex: a-da-shtaⁿ (ádaštą́) - he stopped speaking [JOD]

► ex: e-shoⁿ o-ki-e a-da-shtaⁿ taⁿ (ešǫ́ okkié ádaštą́-tą) - and when he stopped talking to him [JOD]

► Dhegiha: tha-shtoⁿ (thashtóⁿ) - to finish doing something with the mouth [Omaha/Ponca]; tha-shtaⁿ (¢a-ctáⁿ) - to finish, quit, or cease speaking, eating, drinking, reading, singing, crying, etc. [JOD-Omaha]; tha-shtaⁿ (ðaaštą́) - end or stop an activity involving the mouth; finish eating or drinking [CQ-Osage]; ya-shtaⁿ (yashtáⁿ) - stop eating, drinking, talking, crying (aloud), singing; to be done with any of those activities [Kaw]

 

spear, fish spear

► ho we-ba-xto (ho wébaxto) - fish spear

► cf. ho (ho) - fish; we (wé) - with which to; ba-xdo (baxdó), baxto (baxtó) - pierce, stab, perforate; ma-ze we-ba-xto (máze wébaxto) - spear, war spear

► Dhegiha: ba-xthu (baxthu) - pierce [Omaha]; ba-xthu (ba-q¢ú) - to punch a hole, to pierce, to punch through [JOD-Omaha]; ba-xtho-ge (ba-xthó-ge) - to pierce, perforate, punch, make a hole in a piece of leather [FL-Osage]; ba-xlo-ge (baxlóge) - pierce, impale, hold with a fork [Kaw]

 

spear, war spear

► ma-ze we-ba-xto (máze wébaxto) - spear, war spear

► cf. ma-ze (maze) - iron, metal; we (wé) - with which to; ba-xdo (baxdó), ba-xto (baxtó) - pierce, stab, perforate; ho we-ba-xto (ho wébaxto) - fish spear

► Dhegiha: ba-xthu (baxthu) - pierce [Omaha]; ba-xthu (ba-q¢ú) - to punch a hole, to pierce, to punch through [JOD-Omaha]; ba-xtho-ge (ba-xthó-ge) - to pierce, perforate, punch, make a hole in a piece of leather [FL-Osage]; ba-xlo-ge (baxlóge) - pierce, impale, hold with a fork [Kaw]

 

► wa-hi ko-zi (wahí kkózi) - spear, war spear, same as ma-ze we-ba-xto (máze wébaxto)

► Dhegiha: wa-he-ku-zi (wahékuzi) - same as wa-qthe-xe tha-ze (waqthexe tháze), a battle standard or war spear, it is a pole wrapped in otter skins, ornamented with a row of feathers extending some distance from the top, it is bent at the top, and a white feather is fastened on the tip of the bent part, from the arch at the top hangs locks of horsehair, the bottom is pointed, and is used as a spear [JOD-Omaha]

 

special, great, high rank, etc.

► wa-taⁿ-ka (wattą́ka) - special [MS]

► wa-taⁿ-ka (wattą́ka) - special, great, high rank, authority, principal, the great one, a master

► cf. taⁿ-ka (ttą́ka) - big, large

► ex: wa-zho-kte miⁿ-xti wa-taⁿ-ka a-niⁿ (wažokte mį́xti wattą́ka anį́) - so they dance, one leader, special leader [MS]

► Dhegiha: wa-ʰtoⁿ-ga (wa-ṭóⁿ-ga) - a master, a high rank official, one of high rank, a great person, the great one, principal [FL-Osage]; wa-ʰtoⁿ-ka (waʰtǫ́ka) - authoritative, authority, someone with authority [CQ-Osage]; wa-ʰtaⁿ (waʰtą́ą) - king, in a deck of cards [CQ-Osage]; wa-taⁿ-ga (watáⁿga) - principal chief, a chief [Kaw]

 

speckled

► kde-zhe (kdéže) - spotted, speckled [MS]

► kde-zhe (kdežé) - spotted

► Dhegiha: gthe-zhe (gthezhé) - spotted, having spots in one place [Omaha/Ponca]; gthe-zhe (gthezhe) - speckled [Omaha]; gthe-zhe (gthe-zhé) - spotted [FL-Osage]; le-zhe (léže) - spotted, speckled, stippled [CQ-Osage]; le-zhe (lezhé) - spotted [Kaw]

 

speechless, silent, noiseless

► a-pe (áppe) - silent, noiseless, speechless

► cf. a-pe-hi (appéhi) - very silent

► ex: a-pe hi (appéhi) - very silent

► ex: a-pe hi (appé hi) - noiseless/very [JOD]

 

► i-a-zhi (íaží) - mute

► cf. i-e (ie), i-ye (íye) - talk, speak; zhi (ži) - negative, negation, not

► Dhegiha: i-a-zhi (íazhi) - not to speak, to be silent, negation of i-e (íe) [Omaha/Ponca]; i-a-zhi (í-a-zhi) - a mute, reticent, “speak not” [FL-Osage]; i-a-zhi (íaži) - to say nothing [CQ-Osage]

 

► o-ni-aⁿ niⁿ-ke hi (onią́ nįké hi) - no noise, “not even breathing” [JOD]

► cf. o-ni-aⁿ-hi-de (onią́hidé) - breathe; ni-ke (niké), niⁿ-ke (nįké) - to have none, be lacking; hi (hi) - very

► Dhegiha: o-ni thiⁿ-ke (oní ðįké), o-niⁿ iⁿ-ke(onį́įke) - be quiet, not make noise, no sound [CQ-Osage]; o-niⁿ iⁿ-ka (onį́ įka) - be quiet!, don’t make noises! [CQ-Osage]; ni-aⁿ yiⁿ-ge (niáⁿyiⁿgè) - speechless, quiet, unmoving, still [Kaw]

 

spherical, mould spherical with hands

► di-shoⁿ-shoⁿ (dišǫ́šǫ) - mould spherical with hands ► bdi-shoⁿ-shoⁿ (bdíšǫšǫ) - I, ti-shoⁿ-shoⁿ (ttíšǫšǫ) - you

► cf. di (di) - by hand, pulling; shoⁿ-shoⁿ (šǫ́šǫ) - round, spherical; hoⁿ-bniⁿ-ke shoⁿ-shoⁿ (hǫbnį́ke šǫ́šǫ) - pea(s); ma-kaⁿ shoⁿ-shoⁿ (makką́ šǫ́šǫ) - pill, lit. “globular medicine”; mi-aⁿ-pa shoⁿ-shoⁿ (mią́pa šǫ́šǫ) - full moon; te shoⁿ-shoⁿ (té šǫ́šǫ) - circular lake [JOD]; to shoⁿ-shoⁿ (to šǫ́šǫ) - Irish potato; shoⁿ-zhoⁿ-ki-de (šǫžǫ́kide), shoⁿ-zho-ki-de (šǫžókide) - always, ever, never

► ex: wa-ske di-shoⁿ-shoⁿ (wáske dišǫ́šǫ) - corn dumplings, “bread made round with hands”

► Dhegiha: shoⁿ-shoⁿ (shóⁿshoⁿ) - always, ever, unceasing, enduring [Omaha/Ponca]; shoⁿ-shoⁿ-e (shóⁿ-shoⁿ-e) - forever, always, without stopping [FL-Osage]; shoⁿ-shoⁿ (šǫ́šǫ), shoⁿ-shoⁿ-we (šǫǫšǫ́we) - always, forever, during that time, refers to something going on and on and on through time, uninterruptedly [CQ-Osage]; shoⁿ-shoⁿ (shóⁿshoⁿ) - always, ever, continually [Kaw]

 

spherical, round

► shoⁿ-shoⁿ (šǫ́šǫ) - round, spherical

► shoⁿ-shoⁿ (šǫ́šǫ) - round [MS, OM]

► shaⁿ-shaⁿ (šą́šą) - round [JOD]

► ex: di-shoⁿ-shoⁿ (dišǫ́šǫ) - mould spherical with hands

► ex: hoⁿ-bniⁿ-ke shoⁿ-shoⁿ (hǫbnį́ke šǫ́šǫ) - pea, peas, lit. “round beans”

► ex: ma-kaⁿ shoⁿ-shoⁿ (makką́ šǫ́šǫ) - pill, lit. “globular medicine”

► ex: mi-aⁿ-pa shoⁿ-shoⁿ (mią́pa šǫ́šǫ) - full moon, lit. “round moon”

► ex: te shaⁿ-shaⁿ (té šą́šą) - circular lake [JOD]

► ex: to shoⁿ-shoⁿ (to šǫ́šǫ) - Irish potato, lit. “round potato”

► ex: wa-ske di-shoⁿ-shoⁿ (wáske dišǫ́šǫ) - corn dumplings, lit. “bread moulded round by hand”

 

spice bush, spicewood tree

► naⁿ-pe di-ta-ze hi (nąpé dittáze hí) - spice bush, spicewood tree, lit. “cracks across the grain”

► cf. di-ta-ze (dittáze) - crackling sound, snapping; hi (hi) - tree, bush, vine, stalk, leg

 

spider

► mo-iⁿ-kaⁿ (moį́kką) - spider

► mo-iⁿ-kaⁿ (móįką) - spider [ASG]

► Dhegiha: wa-gthi-shka u-ki-gthi-ske (wagthíshka ukígthiske), u-kʰi-gthi-ske (ukʰígthiske) - spider [Omaha/Ponca]; u-ki-gthi-ske (ukigthiçke) - spider [Omaha]; wa-gthi-shka u-ki-gthi-ske (wa-g¢í-cka u-k͓í-g¢i-skĕ), u-kʰi-gthi-ske (u-kí-g¢i-skĕ) - a spider [JOD-Omaha]; ʰtse-xo-be (ṭsé-xo-be), ʰtse-xu-be (ṭsé-xu-be) - a spider, the spider symbolizes the earth [JOD-Osage]; ʰtse-xo-pe (ʰcéxope) - spider [CQ-Osage]; tsi-xo-be (cixobe), tsi-xo-we (cíxowe) - spider [Kaw]

 

spill out and scatter

► a-da-hi o-a-ze ka-xe (ádahi oáze káγe) - spill out and scatter

► cf. ka-xe (káγe) - make, do, cause

 

spill, kick over

► naⁿ-xtaⁿ (nąxtą́) - kick over, spill ► a-naⁿ-xtaⁿ (aną́xtą) - I, da-naⁿ-xtaⁿ (daną́xtą) - you

► cf. naⁿ (naⁿ) - by action of the foot; di-xtaⁿ (dixtą́) - pull at, pull over, upset; ka-xtaⁿ (kaxtą́) - pour out, empty something; a-ka-xtaⁿ (ákaxtą) - pour water on, baptize

► Dhegiha: xtoⁿ (qtoⁿ) - drip, pour [Omaha/Ponca]; xtaⁿ (qtaⁿ) - to drop, as liquid [JOD-Omaha]; xtoⁿ (xtoⁿ) - to spill, to slop over [FL-Osage]; xtaⁿ (xtáⁿ) - leak in, drip out, empty out, spill [Kaw]

 

spill, pull over and spill

► di-shoⁿ (dišǫ́) - pull over and spill (liquid) ► bdi-shoⁿ (bdíšǫ) - I, ti-shoⁿ (ttíšǫ) - you

► di-shaⁿ (dišą) - spill, pull over a vessel ► bdi-shaⁿ (bdíšą) - I, ti-shaⁿ (ttíšą) - you

► cf. di-shoⁿ-da (dišǫdá) - pull over and spill (liquid); di-shoⁿ-da-da (dišǫ́dadá) - pull off balance; di-shoⁿ-shoⁿ-da (dišǫšǫda) - loosen by working back/forth; di-ki-kda-shoⁿ (dikkíkdašǫ) - turn upside down, pull over; ba-shoⁿ (bašǫ́) - spill, push over and spill; naⁿ-shoⁿ (nąšǫ́) - dislocate, trip and break

► Dhegiha: thi-shoⁿ (thi-shóⁿ) - to dislocate by pulling [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: shaⁿ (caⁿ) - dislocated; fallen off [JOD-Omaha]; shoⁿ (shoⁿ) - dislocated, fallen, fallen off [Omaha/Ponca]

 

► di-shoⁿ-da (dišǫdá) - pull over and spill (liquid) ► bdi-shoⁿ-da (bdíšǫda) - I, ti-shoⁿ-da (ttíšǫda) - you

► cf. di-shoⁿ (dišǫ́) - pull over and spill (liquid); di-shoⁿ-da-da (dišǫ́dadá) - pull off balance; di-shoⁿ-shoⁿ-da (dišǫšǫda) - loosen by working back/forth; shoⁿ-da-da (šǫ́dada) - unsteady, insecure; ba-shoⁿ-da-da (bašǫ́dada) - loosen, destabilize pushing at; di-shoⁿ-shoⁿ-da (dišǫšǫda) - loosen by working back/forth; bi-shoⁿ-da-da (bišǫ́dada) - upset, make unsteady pressing; da-shoⁿ-da-da (dašǫ́dadá) - undermine; ka-shoⁿ-da-da (kašǫ́dada) - undercut by striking, chopping; naⁿ-shoⁿ-da-da (nąšǫ́dadá) - destabilize with the foot; kick loose; pa-shoⁿ-da-da (pášǫdadá) - undercut, undermine; po-shoⁿ-da-da (póšǫdadá) - make top heavy by thrusting at; ta-shoⁿ-da-da (tášǫdadá) - top heavy, unsteady by burning; ki-kda-shoⁿ (kkikdášǫ), ki-kda-shaⁿ (kkikdášą) - turned upside down; di-ki-kda-shoⁿ (dikkíkdašǫ) - turn upside down, pull over

► Dhegiha: ba-shoⁿ-tha (ba-shóⁿ-tha) - to spill water from a vessel, either by accident or on purpose [FL-Osage]; gí-shoⁿ-tha (gí-shoⁿ-tha) - to droop or fall; to make loose; loose jointed; broken [FL-Osage];  ga-shoⁿ-tha (ga-shóⁿ-tha) - to spill water from a vessel by striking against it; jolt, as to jostle [FL-Osage]; shoⁿ-tha (shoⁿthá) - spilled; upset and spilled; tipped over and spilled [Omaha/Ponca]; tha-shoⁿ-tha (thashóⁿtha) - overturn, spill; to overturn and spill a cup suddenly while drinking from it [Omaha/Ponca]; shoⁿ-shoⁿ-tha (shoⁿshóⁿtha) - loosened, loosened in it’s socket, as a fence post or a tooth [Omaha/Ponca]; shoⁿ-shoⁿ-tha (shoⁿshoⁿtha) - loosened [Omaha]

 

spill, push over and spill

► ba-shoⁿ (bašǫ́) - spill, push over and spill ► pa-shoⁿ (ppášǫ) - I, shpa-shoⁿ (špášǫ) - you

► cf. ba-shoⁿ-da-da (bašǫ́dada) - loosen, destabilize pushing at; di-shoⁿ (dišǫ́), di-shaⁿ (dišą) - pull over and spill (liquid); spill, pull over a vessel; naⁿ-shoⁿ (nąšǫ́) - dislocate, trip and break

► ex: a-ba-shaⁿ (ábašą) - spilled on [JOD]

► ex: ba-shoⁿ de-da (bašǫ́ de-dá) - throw it out! [MS]

► Dhegiha: ba-shaⁿ (ba-cáⁿ) - to put out of joint, by pushing or punching; to dislocate, as an arm [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: ba-shoⁿ-tha (bashoⁿtha) - pour, dump [Omaha]; ba-shaⁿ-tha (ba-cáⁿ-¢a) - to push a vessel, cup, box, etc., causing the contents to be spilt out [JOD-Omaha]; ba-shoⁿ-tha (ba-shóⁿ-tha) - to spill water from a vessel, either by accident or on purpose [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: a-ba-shoⁿ-tha (ábashóⁿtha) - push, knock over, spill; to knock over a vessel and spill its contents on someone or something [Omaha/Ponca]; a-ba-shaⁿ-tha (á-ba-cáⁿ-¢a) - to push over a vessel accidentally and empty its contents on a person or on the ground [JOD-Omaha]

 

spin someone around, whirl

► di-taⁿ-ni (dittą́ni) - spin someone around, whirl ► bdi-taⁿ-ni (bdíttąni) - I, ti-taⁿ-ni (ttíttąni) - you

 

spin someone off balance

► di-ko-wiⁿ-xe hi-de (dikkówįγe híde) - spin someone off balance ► bdi-ko-wiⁿ-xe hi-a-de (bdíkkówįγe híade) - I, ti-ko-wiⁿ-xe hi-da-de (ttíkkówįγe hídade) - you

► cf. di-ko-wiⁿ-xe (dikkówįγe) - turn, rotate, pull out of line; di-ko-wiⁿ-xe i-he-de (dikkówįγe ihéde) - turn something long; di-ko-wiⁿ-xa-xa (dikkówįγáγa) - to cause something to wobble; ba-ko-wiⁿ-xe (bakkówįγe) - turn, make revolve, push around; bi-ko-wiⁿ-xe (bikkówįγe) - push, blow in a circle; ka-ko-wiⁿ-xe (kakkówįγe) - turn around, circle; ki-kdi-ko-wiⁿ-xe (kkikdíkkowįγe) - turn oneself around; naⁿ-ko-wiⁿ-xe (nąkkówįγe) - treadle, use to turn something

► Dhegiha: thi-ku-wiⁿ-xe (thi wiⁿxe) - turn [Omaha/Ponca]; thi-koiⁿ-xe (ðiiʰkóįɣe) - turn someone or something around [CQ-Osage]; yu-ko-miⁿ-ghe (yukómiⁿghe) - turn something around and around with the hands, to crank [Kaw]

 

spin, punch and spin

► po-koiⁿ-xa-xa (pókoįγáγa) - knock spinning, punch and spin ► po-a-koiⁿ-xa-xa (póakóįγaγa) - I, po-da-koiⁿ-xa-xa (pódakóįγaγa) - you

► cf. po (po) - by shooting, blowing, punching, thrusting; ko-wiⁿ-xa-xa (kkówįγáγa) - turn round and round; bi-ko-wiⁿ-xa-xa (bikkówįγáγa) - push or blow something in circle; bi-ko-wiⁿ-xe (bikkówįγe) - push, blow in a circle; ba-ko-wiⁿ-xa-xa (bakkówįγáγa) - push round and round; ba-ko-wiⁿ-xe (bakkówįγe) - turn, make revolve, push around; di-ko-wiⁿ-xa-xa (dikkówįγáγa) - to cause something to wobble; di-ko-wiⁿ-xe (dikkówįγe) - turn, rotate, pull out of line; ka-koiⁿ-xa-xa (kakóįγáγa) - go around and around; ka-ko-wiⁿ-xe (kakkówįγe), ka-koiⁿ-xe (kakoįγe) - turn around, circle; ta-ko-wiⁿ-xa-xa (tákkowįγáγa) - around in circles, “fire makes him/her/it go around and around”

► Dhegiha: bo-ko-mi-ghe (bókomíghe) - blow around in a circle, spin by blowing; to make revolve by blowing on with the mouth, as a paper wheel (pinwheel) or windmill [Kaw]; bu-ko-mi-ghe (bukómighe) - turn around in one’s seat [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: wiⁿ-xe (wįγe), iⁿ-xe (į́γe) - turn, spin, whirl, around [CQ-Osage]; ʰkoiⁿ-xe (ʰkóįγe) - turn, turn around [CQ-Osage]

 

spinal prominence, vertebra near the nape of a horse’s neck

► ta-i-ta-kde (ttáittákde) - spinal prominence, vertebra near the nape of a horse’s neck

► cf. ta-i-ta (ttáittá) - neck; a-kde (akdé) - put; set a standing object upright upon a surface or within something which supports it; o-kde (okdé) - put lengthwise, to stand

► Dhegiha: ta-i-u-gthe (táiúgthe) - neck bone, bone in the lower back of the neck, into which the spine fits [Omaha/Ponca]; ta-i-u-gthe (tá-i-ú-g¢ĕ) - the lower bone in the back of the neck, the place into which the spine fits [JOD-Omaha]; ta-i u-gthe (tai úgthe) - hollow at the nape of the neck [Omaha]

► Dhegiha: ta-i-a-ta (taiáta) - at or near the back of the head [Omaha/Ponca]; ta-i-a-ta (ta-i-á-t͓a) - at or near the back of the head [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: ta-i (tái) - back of the head, from the parting of the hair on the crown to the neck [Omaha/Ponca]; ta-i (taí) - back of the head [Omaha]; ʰta-hiu (ṭá-hiu) - nape of the neck, the neck [FL-Osage]; ʰta-hu (ʰtáhu) - neck [CQ-Osage]; ta-hu (táhu) - neck [Kaw]

 

spine

► wa-hi o-taⁿ-ka (wáhi óttąka), (wáhi ottą́ka) - spine

► cf. wa-hi (wahí) - bone; taⁿ-ka (ttą́ka) - big, large

 

spinster, unmarried woman

► wa-di-xa-zhi hi (wádiγáži hí) - unmarried woman, spinster

► cf. wa-di-xa-zhi (wádiγáži) - unmarried woman; virgin; a-di-xe (ádiγe) - marry a man, take a man for a husband

► Dhegiha: wa-thi-xe a-zhi (wathixe azhi) - unmarried [Omaha]; wa-thi-xa ba-zhi (wá¢ixa-bají) - had not married [JOD-Omaha]; wa-thi-xa-zhi (wá-thi-xa-zhi) - a woman not yet married; a maiden [FL-Osage]; wa-thu-xa-zhi (wáðuγaži) - female who has not married; virgin [CQ-Osage]; wa-yu-gha-zhi (wáyughazhi) - maiden, unmarried woman [Kaw]

 

spiral motion

► o-di-bdi (ódibdí) - spiral motion

► ex: ni o-di-bdi (ni ódibdí) - eddy in a body of water

► ex: ta-ti o-di-bdi (ttátti ódibdí) - whirlwind

► Dhegiha: u-thi-bthi (u-¢í-b¢i) - a whirlwind or eddy of a current, or smoke in a tent carried around by the wind; said of the effect of wind on water, ashes, smoke, or dust, if it blows but once and scatters them [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: ni u-thi-bthi (ni-ú-thi-bthi) - an eddy; the whirling motion of water; the vortex [FL-Osage]; ni o-yu-bliⁿ (ni óyubliⁿ) - an eddy [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: thi-bthiⁿ (¢i-b¢iⁿ) - to turn around in a circle [JOD-Omaha]; yu-bliⁿ (yublíⁿ) - twist or turn something around, as an augur [Kaw]

 

spiral stick candy

► wa-zhoⁿ-ke ski-de di-be-bni (wažǫ́ke skíde dibébni) - candy, spiral stick candy

► cf. di-shoⁿ-ke (dišǫké) - pulverize, make mellow; ski-de (skíde) - sweet; wa-shoⁿ-ke ski-de (wašǫ́ke skíde), wa-zhoⁿ-ke ski-de (wažǫ́ke skíde) - sugar, “pulverized sweet”; di-be-bniⁿ (dibébnį) - twist with the hands; ta-ni di-be-bni (taní dibébni) - cigar, literally, twisted tobacco; ni-zhi-ha di-be-bniⁿ (nižíha dibébnį) - braid hair [MS]

► Dhegiha: zhoⁿ-ni thi-be-bthiⁿ (zhoⁿní thibébthiⁿ) - “twisted sugar,” originally, twisted or plaited candy; stick candy with stripes around it, now said of all candy [Omaha/Ponca]

 

spiral, twisted, curled

► be-bniⁿ (bébnį), be-bni (bébni) - twisted, curled, spiral

► cf. be-bniⁿ-bniⁿ (bébnįbnį) - twisted round and round; bi-be-bni (bibébni) - twist, roll with the palms candy; di-be-bniⁿ (dibébnį) - twist with the hands; ta-ni di-be-bni (taní dibébni) - cigar, literally, twisted tobacco; wa-zhoⁿ-ke ski-de di-be-bni (wažǫ́ke skíde dibébni) - candy, spiral stick; o-di-bdi (ódibdí) - spiral motion; a-ki-di-be-bniⁿ (ákkidibébnį) - braid, plait a lariat in two strands; ni-zhi-ha di-be-bniⁿ (nižíha dibébnį) - braid hair [MS]

► Dhegiha: be-bthiⁿ (bébthiⁿ) - warped, twisted, crooked [Omaha/Ponca]; be-bliⁿ (bébliⁿ) - twisted, course [Kaw]

 

spirit, evil spirit

► sh’a taⁿ-ka (šʔattą́ka), ch’a taⁿ-ka (čʔattą́ka) - evil spirit, Satan

► sh’a taⁿ-ka (šʔa ttą́ka) - devil [MS]

► ex: sh’a taⁿ-ka o-ma-ni (šʔattą́ka ománi) - Devil’s Promenade, OK

 ► ex: e-shoⁿ miⁿ-xti o-shte tʰaⁿ sh’a-taⁿ-ka do-taⁿ-ti hi (ešǫ́ mį́xti ošté tʰą šʔattą́ka dottą́tti hí) - then the one that remained went straight to the devil [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ʰts’a ʰtoⁿ-ga (ṭs’á-ṭoⁿ-ga) - Satan, “big snake”; the Osage did not know the name of Satan till the missionaries came [FL-Osage]; ts’a ʰtaⁿ (cʔá ʰtą́ą) - devil, Satan; possibly “big snake” or borrowed from English Satan [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: wa-noⁿ-xe pi-a-zhi (wanoⁿxe piazhi) - devil [Omaha]; wa-kaⁿ-da pi-zhi (wakáⁿda pízhi) - devil; the Kansa never heard of Satan or the devil until they learned of him from the white people [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: iⁿ-gthaⁿ-xe (iñ-g¢áⁿ-xe) - demon [JOD-Omaha]; iⁿ-gthoⁿ-xe (iⁿ-gthóⁿ-xe) - ghost [FL-Osage]; i-loⁿ-xe (ilǫ́γe) - devil, Satan, ghost, spirit [CQ-Osage]

 

spirit, ghost

► wa-na-xe (wanáγe) - ghost, spirit

► wa-na-xe (wanáγe) - ghost [MS]

► cf. wa-po-ka wa-na-xe (wappóka wanáγe) - owl, eared, Asio otus

► ex: wa-na-xe di-ni-ke ta-i-tʰe (wanáγe diníke taitʰé) - you’all shall be without a soul, spirit, and mind [JOD]

► Dhegiha: wa-na-xe (wanáxe) - ghost, spirit [Omaha/Ponca]; wa-noⁿ-xe (wanóⁿxe) - ghost, spirit [Omaha]; wa-noⁿ-xe (wa-nóⁿ-xe) - the soul of a man, the spirit used in rituals, a ghost [FL-Osage]; wa-naⁿ-xe (waną́ąγe) - spirit, holy spirit, ghost, soul [CQ-Osage]; wa-naⁿ-ghe (wanáⁿghe) - ghost, spirit [Kaw]

 

spirit, God

► wa-kaⁿ-ta (wakką́tta) - spirit, God, thunder being, mysterious, mysterious being, supernatural

► wa-koⁿ-ta (wakǫ́ta) - God [MS, OM]

► wa-kaⁿ-ta (wa-kań-t͓ă) - masculine name of the Kwapa wa-kaⁿ-ta (wakką́tta) or Thunder-Being gens; Thunder-Being [JOD]

► ex: iⁿ-ta-te wa-kaⁿ-ta (įttátte wakką́tta) - Father God, my father God

► ex: iⁿ-ta-te wa-kaⁿ-ta maⁿ-shi niⁿ-kʰe (įttátte wakką́tta mąší nįkʰé) - Father (God) is up in heaven [MS]

► ex: maⁿ-shi wa-koⁿ-ta kniⁿ niⁿ-kʰe (mąší wakǫ́ta knį nįkʰé) - God is up there (God resides in heaven) [MS]

► ex: wa-kaⁿ-ta e-ni-ka-shi-ka (wakką́tta énikkašíka) - the Thunder Being gens (clan), obtained from Alphonsus Valliere [JOD]

► Dhegiha: wa-koⁿ-da (wakoⁿda) - God [Omaha]; wa-kaⁿ-da (wakáⁿda) - God, the wonderful or mysterious power [JOD-Omaha]; wa-ʰkoⁿ-da (wa-ḳóⁿ-da) - God; the name applied by the Osage to the mysterious, invisable, creative power which brings into existence all living things of whatever kind [FL-Osage]; wa-ʰkoⁿ-ta (waʰkǫ́ta) - God [CQ-Osage]; wa-kaⁿ-da (wakáⁿda) - god [Kaw]

 

► wa-kaⁿ-ta-ki (wakką́ttakí) - spirit, God, this term is used for traditional medicine men in closely related languages

► wa-kaⁿ-ta-gi (wakántagí) - God, the supreme ruler, the white man’s God [JOD]

► wa-koⁿ-ta-ki (wakǫtákí) - God [MS]

► wa-kaⁿ-ta-ki (wah-kan-takih) - god, divinity, deity (dieu) [GI]

► wa-koⁿ-ta-ki (wakǫ́takí) - personal name of Tom Crawfish [MS]

► cf. wa-kaⁿ-ta (wakką́tta) - spirit, God, thunder being, mysterious, mysterious being, supernatural

► Dhegiha: wa-koⁿ-da-gi (wakaⁿdagi) - applied to water monsters, mysterious animals, unlooked for or premature qualities or acts, etc. [JOD-Omaha]; wa-koⁿ-da-gi (wa-ḳóⁿ-da-gi) - a person who has knowledge of medicine; a physician; a doctor; one who pretends to communicate with the dead; a necromancer, occult; magic; holy; sacred; anything held sacred [FL-Osage]; wa-ʰkoⁿ-ta-ki (waʰkǫ́taki) - be a doctor, physician, healer, minister of a religious group, preacher [CQ-Osage]; wa-kaⁿ-da-gi (wakáⁿdagi) - sacred, mysterious; doctor, medicine man; wonderful [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: wa-koⁿ-da (wakoⁿda) - God [Omaha]; wa-kaⁿ-da (wakáⁿda) - God, the wonderful or mysterious power [JOD-Omaha]; wa-ʰkoⁿ-da (wa-ḳóⁿ-da) - God; the name applied by the Osage to the mysterious, invisable, creative power which brings into existence all living things of whatever kind [FL-Osage]; wa-ʰkoⁿ-ta (waʰkǫ́ta) - God [CQ-Osage]; wa-kaⁿ-da (wakáⁿda) - god [Kaw]

 

spit on

► a-bi-xoⁿ (ábiγǫ) - squirt, spit on ► a-pi-xoⁿ (áppiγǫ) - I, a-shpi-xoⁿ (ášpiγǫ) - you

► cf. a (a) - on, upon; bi-xoⁿ (biγǫ́) - blow on something; o-bi-xoⁿ (obíγǫ) - blow into, inflate

► ex: ni a-bi-xoⁿ (ni ábiγǫ) - to squirt water on something from the mouth

► Dhegiha: a-bi-xaⁿ (á-bi-xaⁿ) - to blow on with the mouth [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: bi-xoⁿ (bixóⁿ) - blow, to blow, as at a fire [Omaha/Ponca]; bi-xaⁿ (bi-xáⁿ) - to blow at, as a fire [JOD-Omaha]; bi-xoⁿ (bi-xóⁿ) - to blow with the breath, to make a fire burn by blowing [FL-Osage]; pi-xaⁿ (píɣą) - blow as one’s nose, blow on something, blow into a fire, blow dust off a surface, blow a dandelion away in the wind, blow on a burnt finger to relieve pain [CQ-Osage]; bi-ghaⁿ (bigháⁿ) - blow on a fire to make it burn [Kaw]

 

spit, send saliva off

► chʰo de-de (čʰo déde) - spit, send saliva off ► a-chʰo de-a-de (ačʰó déade) - I, da-chʰo de-da-de (dačʰó dédade) - you

► cf. chʰo (čʰo) - saliva; de-de (déde) - sent away, causative of go

► Dhegiha: chʰu (chʰu) - spit, expectorate [Omaha/Ponca]; tshu (tcu) - to spit, expectorate [JOD-Omaha]; tu (tu) - expectorate [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: the-the (théthe) - to cause to go; to send off an object; used as an auxiliary verb [Omaha/Ponca]; the-the (thethé) - to go this way (in his own footprints, made previously) [Omaha/Ponca]; the-the (the the) - start; send [Omaha]; the-the (¢é¢ĕ) - send suddenly [JOD-Omaha]; the-the (thé-the) - to send; to transmit [FL-Osage]; the-the (ðéeðe) - make go, cause to go; send; mail [CQ-Osage]; ye-ye (yéye) - auxiliary verb indicating sudden movement or forceful action; far off, in the distance [Kaw]

 

spit, to spit

► chʰo (čʰo) - to spit; saliva ► a-chʰo (ačʰó) - I, da-chʰo (dačʰó) - you, oⁿ-chʰo-we (ǫčʰówe) - we

► cf. chʰo de-de (čʰo déde) - spit, send saliva off

► Dhegiha: chʰu (chʰu) - spit, expectorate [Omaha/Ponca]; tshu (tcu) - to spit, expectorate [JOD-Omaha]; tu (tu) - expectorate [FL-Osage]

 

spiteful, mean, bad thoughts, hateful

► wa-zhiⁿ shi-ke (wažį́ šíke) - mean, bad thoughts, hateful, spiteful

► wa-zhiⁿ shi-ke (wažį́ šíke) - mean [MS]

► cf. wa-zhiⁿ (wažį́) - disposition, will power, will, mind, idea, volition; shi-ke (šíke) - bad, ugly; wa-zhiⁿ de-da-zhi (wažį́ dédaži) - to lose patience; wa-zhiⁿ ska (wa-jĭⁿ́-skă) - masculine name “White Disposition, Wise” [JOD]

► Dhegiha: wa-zhiⁿ pi-a-zhi (wa-jĭ́ⁿ pi-ȁ́-jĭ) - to be in a bad humor, cross, or surly; said of persons, seldom of animals [JOD-Omaha]; wa-zhiⁿ ʰpi-zhi (wa-zhíⁿ-p̣i-zhi) - to be very angry [FL-Osage]; wa-zhiⁿ ʰpi-zhi (wažį́ ʰpíiži) - enraged, mad, angry [CQ-Osage]; wa-zhiⁿ pi-zhi (wazhíⁿpizhi) - being hateful, spiteful, literally “bad thoughts” [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: wa-zhiⁿ (wazhiⁿ) - will power [Omaha]; wa-zhiⁿ (wa-jĭ́ⁿ) - disposition, temper, mind [JOD-Omaha]; wa-zhiⁿ (wa-zhíⁿ) - own will, volition [FL-Osage]; wa-zhiⁿ (wažį́) - will, mind, idea [CQ-Osage]

 

spits, small pieces of black bear meat roasted on sticks or spits

► wa-sa i-ba-xdo-xdo (wasá íbaxdoxdó) - small pieces of black bear meat roasted on sticks or spits [JOD]

► cf. wa-sa (wasá) - black bear; ba-xdo (baxdó), ba-xto (baxtó) - pierce, stab, perforate; i-ba-xdo (íbaxdo) - stuck in him [JOD]; wa-naⁿ-bde i-ba-xto (waną́bde íbaxto) - fork, a table fork, lit. “something to stick food with”; naⁿ-ta ba-xto (nąttá baxtó) - perforations for earrings; pa ba-xto (ppá baxtó) - nose perforation for ring; ke-naⁿ-ba-xdo (keną́baxdó), ki-ne-ba-xdo (kinébaxdó) - cactus plant; ho we-ba-xto (ho wébaxto) - fish spear; ma-ze we-ba-xto (máze wébaxto) - spear, war spear

► ex: wa-sa i-ba-xto-xto we-kdi o-do-bi-tʰaⁿ (wasá íbaxtoxtó wékdi odóbitʰaⁿ) - small pieces of black bear meat roasted on sticks with the fat around it [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ba-xthu (ba-q¢ú) - to punch a hole in meat, put on both sides of a horse, to be carried, fastening an end of a cord to each hole; to pierce; to punch holes in moccasins [JOD-Omaha]; ba-xthu (baxthu) - pierce [Omaha]; ba-xtho-ge (ba-xthó-ge) - to pierce, perforate, punch, make a hole in a piece of leather [FL-Osage]; ba-xlo-ge (baxlóge) - pierce, impale, hold with a fork [Kaw]

 

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