Quapaw Dictionary

English to Quapaw Dictionary
A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H-I-J-K-L-M-N-O-P-Q-R-S-T-U-V-W-X-Y-Z
Quapaw Sources	Dhegiha Sources

rabbit - ravine raw - recline recognize - relation relative - request

reside - rip ripe - rolling roof - rum rumbling - rye

reside

► kniⁿ (knį), kdiⁿ (kdį) - sit, be in a place, camp, be sitting ► a-kniⁿ (aknį́) - I, da-kniⁿ (daknį́) - you, aⁿ-kniⁿ (ąknį́) - we, I and one other [JOD]; kniⁿ-wi (knį́wi) - they [JOD]

► kniⁿ (knį), kdiⁿ (kdį) - sit [OM]

► cf. a-kniⁿ (aknį́) - sit on; a-kniⁿ (áknį) - chair, seat; kniⁿ-ye (knį́ye) - to have sat, to have dwelt; o-kniⁿ (oknį́) - sit in, dwell in, live in; o-hi-kniⁿ (ohíknį) - to get into and sit [JOD]; o-ti-kdiⁿ (óttikdį) - village; o-ki-kniⁿ (okkíknį) - sit together, with one another

► ex: maⁿ-shi wa-koⁿ-ta kniⁿ niⁿ-kʰe (mąší wakǫ́ta knį nįkʰé) - God is up there (God resides in heaven) [MS]

► ex: ko-zhi hi a-kniⁿ a-ni-he (kkóžihi aknį́ ánihé) - I live way off [MS]

► ex: ko-zhi hi a-kniⁿ ta miⁿ-kʰe (kkóžihi aknį́ tta mįkʰé) - I going to live far away [MS]

► ex: iⁿ-chʰoⁿ mi-aⁿ-ba a-ki-haⁿ a-kniⁿ (į́čʰǫ mią́ba mį́ ákkihą aknį́) - I have now been (here) over a month

► Dhegiha: gthiⁿ (g¢íⁿ) - to sit [JOD-Omaha]; gthiⁿ (gthiⁿ) - to sit [FL-Osage]; liⁿ (lį́į) - sit [CQ-Osage]; liⁿ (liⁿ) -dwell, live, reside [Kaw]

► o-kniⁿ (oknį́) - sit in, dwell in, live in ► o-a-kniⁿ (oáknį) - I, o-da-kniⁿ (odáknį) - you

► cf. kniⁿ (knį), kdiⁿ (kdį) - sit, be in a place, camp, sit, be sitting; o-hi-kniⁿ (ohíknį) - to get into and sit [JOD]; o-ti-kdiⁿ (óttikdį) - village; o-ki-kniⁿ (okkíknį) - sit together, with one another; a-kniⁿ (aknį́) - sit on; kniⁿ-ye (knį́ye) - to have sat, to have dwelt

► Dhegiha: u-gthiⁿ (ugthíⁿ) - seat, place to sit, sit in, to sit in something [Omaha/Ponca]; u-gthiⁿ (ú-gthiⁿ) - to occupy a seat [FL-Osage]; o-liⁿ (olį́į) - live in or at, dwell in, inhabit, live within metaphorically, sit in, occupy, be seated on, sit down on, take a seat, ride, ride in [CQ-Osage]; o-liⁿ (olíⁿ) - dwell, live in a place, sit in a place, stay in a place [Kaw]

► ti-kde (ttikdé) - to set up housekeeping; to live together in same tent; village, collection of lodges

► ex: i-shta-xe sh’a-ke e-ka-xnaⁿ niⁿ-kʰe e-naⁿ-pa ti-kda-wi (ištáxe šʔáke ekáxną nįkʰé enąp͓á ttíkdawí) - the frenchman and his wife, the both of them kept house [JOD)]

► ex: mi-ka ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-naⁿ-pa ti-kde ni-kʰa (mikká maštį́ke enąpa ttíkde nikʰá) - raccoon and rabbit both lived together [JOD]

► ex: ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-kaⁿ naⁿ-pa ti-kde ni-kʰa naⁿ i-ya (maštį́ke eką́ ną́pa ttikdé nikʰa ną iyá) - rabbit and his grandmother, the both of them lived together, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: wa-x’o to-wa ti-kde ni-kʰa naⁿ (waxʔó tówa ttíkde nikʰá ną) - four women were dwelling in a lodge [JOD]

► ex: wa-x’o to-wa ti-kde ha-ki i-da-we, i-he (waxʔó tówa ttíkde hakí idáwe, ihé) - where have the four women that live together gone too, I say [JOD]

► ex: ti-kda-wi (ttíkdawi) - they dwelt in a lodge [JOD]

► ex: ti-kde ta bde (ttikdé tta bdé) - I’m going to my house [OM]

► ex: wa-sa ka-hi-ka niⁿ-kʰe a-ni koi-hi-de niⁿ-kʰe-ti ti-kde niⁿ-kʰe (wasá kahíke nįkʰé áni kóihidé-nįkʰétti ttíkde nįkʰé) - the black bear chief dwells in a lodge beyond yonder distant bluff [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ti-gthe (t͓í-g¢ĕ) - to dwell in a lodge [JOD-Omaha]; ti-gthe (tigthe) - home [Omaha]; ʰtsi-gthe (ṭsí-gthe) - to reside, to dwell, to set up and keep house [FL-Osage]; ʰtsi-le (ʰcíle) - live, reside, make a home, set up a household, set up housekeeping, house, home, family [CQ-Osage]

respect, treat as honorable

► oⁿ-hi a-zhiⁿ (ǫhí ážį) - respect, treat as honorable ► oⁿ-hi a-a-zhiⁿ (ǫhí áažį), oⁿ-hi a-zhaⁿ-miⁿ (ǫhí ážąmį) - I, oⁿ-hi a-da-zhiⁿ (ǫhí ádažį) - you, oⁿ-hi oⁿ-ka-zhiⁿ-we (ǫhí ǫ́kažįwe) - we

► cf. oⁿ-hi-kde (ǫ́hikde) - to show partiality to someone; a-zhiⁿ (ážį) - think, regard; to treat as

► ex: oⁿ-hi a-wi-zhaⁿ-miⁿ (ǫhí áwižąmį́) - I honor you

respect, treat with respect

► o-xta-xti (óxtaxti) - honor someone, treat with respect

► cf. o-xta (óxta) - good, desirable; xti (-xti) - very, real, fully; o-xta-de (óxtade) - like, love; xta-de (xtadé) - love; xta-ki-de (xtákkide) - love one’s own relative, kin

► Dhegiha: u-xta (ú-qta) - good; excellent; desirable [JOD-Omaha]; u-xta (ú-xta) - marvelous, pleasing, mysterious, lovable, to prize highly, to hold a thing precious or valuable [FL-Osage]; o-xta (ó-xta) - a thing of great value, a captive, a favored person [FL-Osage]; o-xta (óxta) - precious, dear or beloved, valuable, marvelous, important, special, right, respectable [CQ-osage]; o-xta (óxta) - pleasing [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: xti (qti), xchi (qchi) - very, really, real [Omaha/Ponca]; xti (xti) - very, really, real [Omaha]; xtsi (xtsi) - verily, very [FL-Osage]; xtsi (xci) - real, really, exactly, very, fully, indeed, precisely [CQ-Osage]; xtsi (xcí) - real, very [Kaw]

respective, go there to your respective homes!

► e-ti kda-we-ka! (ettí kdawé-ka!) - go there to your respective homes!

► cf. e-ti (ettí) - there; kde (kdé) - go home, to start homeward; a-we (awe) - pluralizer; ka (ká) - imperative

► ex: e-ti kda-we-ka! (ettí kdawé-ka!) - there/go ye again/imperative [JOD]

► ex: ha-ki-de-de-tʰaⁿ da-tʰi-ke-we i-te e-ti kda-we-ka! (hákidedétʰą datʰí-ké-we itté ettí kdawé-ka!) - from wherever you’all may have come from, go there to your respective homes! [JOD]

return blow for blow

► a-ki-da (ákkida) - attack in return; return blow for blow ► a-a-ki-bda (áakkíbda) - I, a-da-ki-ta (ádakkítta) - you, oⁿ-ka-ki-oⁿ-da-we (ǫkákkiǫdawe) - we

► ex: a-wi-ki-bda (áwikkibda) - I attack you in return

► ex: a-ki-da taⁿ (ákkidá ttą) - attacked him-when [JOD]

► Dhegiha: a-ki-tha (á-ki-¢a) - to return a blow or stroke; to attack in return [JOD-Omaha]; a-ʰki-tha (á-ḳi-tha) - to contend as in a fight [FL-Osage]

return home there and stay

► a-kʰi-kniⁿ (akʰíknį) - return home there and stay

► cf. kʰi (kʰi) - arrive back at one’s own; kniⁿ (knį), kdiⁿ (kdį) - sit, be sitting, be in a place, camp

► ex: she-ta a-kʰi-kniⁿ ta miⁿ-kʰe (šétta akʰíknį tta mįkʰé) - I will return thither (in sight) and take my seat

► ex: she-ta da-kʰi-kniⁿ naⁿ (šétta dakʰíknį ną́) - return thither and take your seat!

► Dhegiha: a-kʰi-gthiⁿ (a-kí-g¢iⁿ) - to return and sit in a place where he used to be, or at his home [JOD-Omaha]; a-ʰki-gthiⁿ (á-ḳí-gthiⁿ) - returns to his own seat [FL-Osage]; khi-liⁿ (khíliⁿ) - to have gone back to sit, to sit there again [Kaw]

return, come back

► kdi (kdi) - to have come back here ► a-kdi (akdí) - I, da-kdi (dakdí) - you, oⁿ-ka-kdi (ǫkákdi) - we, I and one other, kdi-we (kdiwé) - they

► a-kdi (akdí) - to come back [JOD]

► cf. a-kda-niⁿ kdi (akdánį kdí) - to have brought back one’s own; a-ki-kdi (ákikdí) - bring back, brought back [JOD]; a-ki-niⁿ kdi (ákinį kdi) - take away something for someone and come back to this place [JOD]; a-niⁿ kdi (anį́ kdi) - to bring home [JOD]; kdi ki-de (kdí kidé) - to cause oneself to get back here [JOD]; sni-wa-te kdi tta (sníwatte kdi tta) - fall season (winter going to come) [MS]; pe-taⁿ kdi (pétaⁿ kt^çí) - masculine name, Summer has come back, Has-come-back in-summer, real father of Mrs. S [JOD]; pe-taⁿ kdi (Patongdi) - Approaching Summer, Treaty of St. Louis with the Quapaw (1818)

► Dhegiha: gthi (g¢í) - to have come back [JOD-Omaha]; gthi (gthi) - to come home, to return home [FL-Osage]; li (lí), a-li (alí) - arrive back here, arrive home here, return here, come back, get back, motion accomplished; initial a is often omitted in 3rd person [CQ-Osage]; li (li) - to have come home, to have come back [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: a-gthi (ag¢í) - came back; to have come hither [JOD-Omaha]; a-gthi (a-gthí) - returning, this expression is found frequesntly when referring to the return of one who has been searching for some particular thing [FL-Osage]; a-li (alí), li (lí) - arrive back here, arrive home here, return here, come back, get back, motion accomplished; initial a is often omitted in 3rd person [CQ-Osage]

► a-kdi (akdí) - I have come back here

► ex: shi-naⁿ ka-saⁿ-niⁿ a-kdi ta miⁿ-kʰe (šíną kasą́nį akdí tta mįkʰé) - I’ll come back tomorrow [MS]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ maⁿ-te aⁿ-ko-ka-shke kʰe a-shka hi a-kdi (kóišǫ́ttą mątté ąkókašké kʰe áška hí akdí) - then I had come back, very close to where we tied the canoe [JOD]

► ex: kde taⁿ ki-ha a-kdi (kdé tą kihá akdí) - when he started homeward, I came back down (from the tree) [JOD]

► ex: shi-naⁿ ta-bde bde a-kdi naⁿ aⁿ-naⁿ-x’oⁿ-zhi hi da-tʰe niⁿ-kʰe taⁿ she-mi zhi-ka xa-ke niⁿ-kʰe (šíną tábde bdé akdí ną ą́nąxʔǫ́ži hí datʰé nįkʰé tą šémižíka γaké nįkʰé) - I went hunting again, when I came back, she had not listened to me, she was eating it and the little girl was crying [JOD]

► ex: a-kdi a-ki-de (akdíakidé) - I caused myself to get back here [JOD]

► ex: a-ki-bniⁿ a-kdi (ákibnį akdí) - I brought it back to him [JOD]

► ex: a-wi-ki-bniⁿ a-kdi (áwikíbnį akdí) - I have brought back yours for you [JOD]

► ex: we-da-niⁿ a-wi-ki-bniⁿ a-kdi (wédanį áwikíbnį akdí) - I have brought back for you (my relation) clothing [JOD]

► ex: wa-hiⁿ-ska ta-taⁿ hi-te ho-taⁿ iⁿ a-wi-ki-bniⁿ a-kdi te a (wahį́ska táttą hitté hóttą į́ áwikíbnį akdí tte á) - I will bring you (his own daughter) back some kind of really good calico cloth [JOD]

► ex: e-shaⁿ-taⁿ she-mi zhi-ka de naⁿ-hi a-kda-bniⁿ a-kdi (ešą́ttą šémižíka dé nąhí akdábnį akdí) - and then I returned here, keeping this little girl [JOD]

► Dhegiha: a-gthi (ag¢í) - I have came back, I come back, I came back [JOD-Omaha]; a-gthi (a-gthí) - I come home [FL-Osage]; a-li (alí) - I come back [CQ-Osage]; a-li (alí) - I have come back [Kaw]

► da-kdi (dakdí) - you have come back here

► ex: da-k’iⁿ da-kdi ta-i (dakʔį dakdí ttai) - you carry on the back/you shall return hither [JOD]

► ex: “maⁿ-tʰo i-shta zhi-te e-ti da-we! te da-k’iⁿ da-kdi ta-i!” i-we-ke i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“mątʰó ištá žitté étti dawé! tté dakʔį dakdí ttai!” iwéke iyá maštį́ke) - “you’all go there, to the red-eyed Grizzly bear! you’all will pack the buffalo back here!” rabbit said to them, it is said [JOD]

► ex: aⁿ-da-ki-tiⁿ da-kdi naⁿ ti de wi-k’i te (ądákittį́ dakdí ną tti dé wikʔí tte) - when you have taken her (have her) for me and you return here, I will give you this lodge [JOD]

► ex: aⁿ-da-ki-tiⁿ da-kdi te koi-shoⁿ naⁿ ti de wi-k’i te (ądákittį dakdí tté kóišǫ́ ną ttí dé wikʔí tte) - when you bring her, my own, back to me, I will give you this lodge [JOD]

► ex: iⁿ-knaⁿ, da-kdi a-e (įkną́, dakdí ae) - first son, you have come home? [JOD]

► Dhegiha: tha-gthi (¢ag¢íi) - you have come back/home [JOD-Omaha]; tha-gthi (tha-gthí) - you come home [FL-Osage]; tha-li (ðalí) - you come back [CQ-Osage]; ya-li (yalí) - you have come back [Kaw]

► kdi hne (kdi hné), kdi ni-he (kdí nihé) - to come back here (imperative)

► ex: kdi ni-he (ktçí-nihĕ́) - come back! [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ e-zhaⁿ-ke e-zhi pa, “wa-hiⁿ-ska ho-taⁿ hi aⁿki-niⁿ kdi ni-he,” i-ye pa (kóišǫ́ttą ežą́ke éži pá, “wahį́ska hóttą hi ą́kinį kdí-nihé,” iyé pa) - then his step-daughters said, “bring back some really good calico cloth” [JOD]

► ex: shi-naⁿ o-zha kdi hne za-ni (šíną óža kdi hné zaní) - you (all) come back again and dance [MS]

► ex: shi-naⁿ za-ni kdi hne (šíną zaní kdi hné) - everybody come back again (request) [MS]

► ex: shi-naⁿ kdi hne (šíną kdi hné) - come back again (request) [MS]

► ex: shi-noⁿ kjhi (šínǫ kǰi) - comeback again [AG]

► ex: jhi-taⁿ-ke wi-ta kjhi ta niⁿ-kʰe (ǰíttą́ke wítta kǰi tta nįkʰé) - my sister is coming pretty soon; should be wi-taⁿ-ke (wittą́ke) - my sister [AG]

► ex: jhi-e shi-noⁿ kjhi (ǰíe šínǫ kǰí) - you come back again [AG]

► Dhegiha: li (líi) - come back [CQ-Osage]

► kdi (kdí) - he/she/it has come back here

► ex: kdi naⁿ (kdi ną) - returned/often [JOD]

► ex: e-to-ha hi shi naⁿ-ke de naⁿ, i-ya, xa-da shi kdi naⁿ, i-ya (ettóha hí shi nąké de ną, iyá, xáda shi kdi ną, iyá) - he ran far ahead and then back, again and again, it is said [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ sh’a-ke niⁿ wa-taⁿ a-ki-de tʰe kdi (kóišǫ́ttą šʔáke nį wattą́ akíde tʰé kdí) - then the old man returned with the goods that he went after [JOD]

► ex: e-ti-tʰaⁿ ta-bde kaⁿ-tʰaⁿ naⁿ ni-ka wi-ta, pa-ze de taⁿ kdi kaⁿ-tʰaⁿ naⁿ, e-ti-tʰaⁿ ti-a-zhi hi ha-t’e zho-ka-te a-ta-ha (ettítʰą tábde ką-tʰą́ ną níkka wittá, ppáze dé tą kdí ką-tʰą́ ną, ettítʰą ttiąži hí hatʔé žókkatte attahá) - then my husband had been hunting, he returned after dark, then shortly after that he became sick with a severe fever [JOD]

► ex: pa-ze de naⁿ kdi (ppáze dé ną kdí) - after dark, he came back [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ pa-ze de taⁿ kdi kaⁿ-tʰa naⁿ (kóišǫ́ttą ppáze dé tą kdí ką-tʰą́ ną) - then/a little after dark/when/had come back/he was std. so awhile/past sign [JOD]

► ex: kdi-zhi (kdíži) - he had not come back [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ kdi-zhi (hǫnį́ttą kdíži) - why hasn’t he come back? [JOD]

► ex: ki-toⁿ-we a-kdi (kkitǫ́we akdí) - she returned, came back to look at her own [JOD]

► Dhegiha: gthi (g¢í) - he has come back, he has come, it has come [JOD-Omaha]; a-gthi (ag¢í) - he came home [JOD-Omaha]; li (líi) - he/she get back, he/she come back [CQ-Osage]; a-gthi (a-gthi) - he/she has come [FL-Osage]; li (lí) - he came back [Kaw]; a-li-be (alíbe) - he/she/it has come home, has come back [Kaw]

► oⁿ-ka-kdi (ǫkákdi) - we, I and one other have come back here

► ex: e-ti haⁿ-pa naⁿ-pa pa-ze de haⁿ-ke aⁿ-ka-kdi (étti hąp͓á nąp͓á ppáze dé hąké ąkákdi) - there/day/two/dark/became/almost/we have come home (I and one other) [JOD]

► Dhegiha: aⁿ-ga-gthi i (añgág¢ii) - we came back/home [JOD-Omaha]; oⁿ-ga-gthi i (oⁿ-gá-gthi i) - we come home [FL-Osage]; aⁿ-ka-li (ąkáli) - we come back [CQ-Osage]; aⁿ-ka-li-pe (ąkálipe) - we came home [CQ-Osage]; aⁿ-ga-li-pe (aⁿgálibe) - we have come home, have come back [Kaw]

► kdi-we (kdiwé) - they have come back here

► ex: aⁿ-naⁿ-yo-wi taⁿ aⁿ-kda-niⁿ kdi-we (ąną́yowi-ttą ą́kdanį kdiwé) - when I was shot they brought me back hither

► ex: i-di-yo-wi taⁿ a-di-kda-niⁿ kdi-we (ídiyowi-ttą adíkdanį kdiwé) - when you were shot they brought you back hither

► ex: we-yo-wi taⁿ wa-kda-niⁿ kdi-we (wéyowi-ttą wákdanį kdiwé) - when we were shot they brought us back hither

► Dhegiha: gthi-i (g¢íi), a-gthi-i (ag¢íi) - they have come back, they came back [JOD-Omaha]; a-gthi bi (a-gthi bi) - them come home [FL-Osage]; li-pi (lípi) - they come here [CQ-Osage]; a-li-pe (alípe) - they came back [CQ-Osage]; a-li-be (alíbe) - they have come home, they have come back [Kaw]

return, give back

► ki-k’i (kíkʔi) - give back, return ► a-k’i (ákʔi) - I, da-k’i (dákʔi) - you

► cf. ki-k’i (kikʔí) - give to one’s own (kin); k’i (kʔi) - give something to someone

► ex: aⁿ-ki-k’i (ąkíkʔi) - give back to me [JOD]

► ex: ki-k’i (kikʔí) - he gave it back to him [JOD]

► ex: maⁿ kʰe de-de naⁿ-haⁿ a-ki-de naⁿ ki-k’i kaⁿ-niⁿ, i-ya-we (mą́ kʰe déde nąhą akidé ną kikʔí ką-nį́, iyáwe) - if he shot an arrow off, he would go after it and give it back to him, he was moving around doing this for awhile, they said [JOD]

► ex: ki-k’i de-da-wi (kikʔí dedáwi) - they handed it back to her its owner [JOD]

► ex: di-sh’a-i taⁿ za-ni di-sh’a-i taⁿ wa-haⁿ niⁿ-ke niⁿ-kʰe ki-k’i de-da-wi (dišʔai tą zaní dišʔaí tą wahą́nįké nįkʰé kikʔí dedáwi) - they all failed, when they failed, they gave it back to the orphan [JOD]

► ex: wa-ki-k’i (wakíkʔi) - he gave it back to them [JOD]

► ex: wa-ki-k’i naⁿ, i-ya (wakíkʔi ną, iyá) - he gave it (the bowl of food) back to them, it is said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: gi-’i (gí’i) - to give his back, to give back to him [JOD-Omaha]; gi-k’i (gí-k’i) - to give back something to the owner, to restore [FL-Osage]; ki-k’u (kíkʔu) - give back [CQ-Osage]; gi-k’u (gík’u) - give back someone’s property [Kaw]; gu-k’u (gúk’u), go-k’u (gók’u) - give him his own, return his property [Kaw]

return, to take from one and return

► a-ki-niⁿ kde (ákinį kdé) - to take from someone and go back [JOD]

► cf. a-ki-niⁿ (ákinį) - have or keep for someone; a-niⁿ kde (anį́ kde) - to take homeward [JOD]; a-niⁿ (anį́) - have, keep; kde (kdé) - go home, to start homeward; a-ki-niⁿ de (ákinį de) - take away something for someone; a-ki-niⁿ hi (ákinį hi) - take something there for someone; a-ki-niⁿ hi-de (ákinį hidé) - to have taken someone's property; a-ki-niⁿ kdi (ákinį kdi) - take something for someone and come back to this place [JOD]; a-ki-niⁿ tʰi (ákinį tʰi) - to take/come after them, one’s own [JOD]; ni-zhi a-ki-niⁿ (níži ákinį) - owe something to someone; wa-di-ze a-ki-niⁿ (wadíze ákinį) - owe something to someone

► ex: aⁿ-ki-niⁿ kde tʰe (ą́kinį kde tʰe) - he took her (it) from me and went back [JOD]

► ex: aⁿ-ki-niⁿ kda-we (ą́kinį kdáwe) - taking it from me/they went back [JOD]

► ex: toⁿ niⁿ-kʰe-ta aⁿ-ki-niⁿ kda-we (ttǫ́ nįkʰettá ą́kinį kdáwe) - they took it from me and returned to the village [JOD]

► ex: a-ki-niⁿ kda-i (ákinį́ kdái)- they took it from him to their home [JOD]

► ex: a-ki-niⁿ kda-i taⁿ, a-ki-de aⁿ-ka-zhiⁿ naⁿ, a-ki-pʰi, a-ki-bniⁿ a-kdi (ákinį́ kdái tą, akíde ą́kažį ną, akípʰi, ákibnį akdí) - they took it from him, he told me to go get it, I went there for it, I brought it back to him [JOD]

► a-ki-niⁿ kdi (ákinį kdi) - take something for someone and come back to this place [JOD]

► cf. a-ki-niⁿ (ákinį) - have or keep for someone; kdi (kdi) - to have come back here; a-ki-niⁿ de (ákinį de) - take away something for someone; a-ki-niⁿ hi (ákinį hi) - take something there for someone; a-ki-niⁿ hi-de (ákinį hidé) - to have taken someone’s property; a-ki-niⁿ kde (ákinį kdé) - to take from someone and go back [JOD]; a-ki-niⁿ tʰi (ákinį tʰi) - to take/come after them, one’s own [JOD]; ni-zhi a-ki-niⁿ (níži ákinį) - owe something to someone; wa-di-ze a-ki-niⁿ (wadíze ákinį) - owe something to someone

► ex: a-ki-bniⁿ a-kdi (ákibnį akdí) - I brought it back to him [JOD]

► ex: a-ki-niⁿ kda-i taⁿ, a-ki-de aⁿ-ka-zhiⁿ naⁿ, a-ki-pʰi, a-ki-bniⁿ a-kdi (ákinį́ kdái tą, akíde ą́kažį ną, akípʰi, ákibnį akdí) - they took it from him, he told me to go get it, I went there for it, I brought it back to him [JOD]

► ex: a-wi-ki-bniⁿ a-kdi (áwikíbnį akdí) - I have brought back your (or for you) [JOD]

► ex: a-wi-ki-bniⁿ a-kdi (áwikíbnį akdí) - I have it for you, my own/I come back (bring it back for you my own) [JOD]

► ex: wa-hiⁿ-ska ta-taⁿ hi-te ho-taⁿ iⁿ a-wi-ki-bniⁿ a-kdi te a (wahį́ska táttą hitté hóttą į́ áwikíbnį akdí tte á) - I will bring you (his own daughter) back some kind of really good calico cloth [JOD]

► ex: aⁿ-da-ki-tiⁿ da-kdi (ądákittį́ dakdí) - you have it for me/you come back to this place [JOD]

► ex: aⁿ-da-ki-tiⁿ da-kdi naⁿ ti de wi-k’i te (ądákittį́ dakdí ną tti dé wikʔí tte) - when you have taken her (have her) for me and return here I will give you this lodge [JOD]

► ex: aⁿ-da-ki-tiⁿ da-kdi (ądákittį dakdí) - you bring her, my own, back to me [JOD]

► ex: aⁿ-da-ki-tiⁿ da-kdi te koi-shoⁿ naⁿ ti de wi-k’i te (ądákittį dakdí tté kóišǫ́ ną ttí dé wikʔí tte) - when you bring her, my own, back to me, I will give you this lodge [JOD]

► ex: aⁿ-ki-niⁿ kdi ni-he (ą́kinį kdí-nihé) - having it for me/come back (bring it back for me) [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ e-zhaⁿ-ke e-zhi pa, “wa-hiⁿ-ska ho-taⁿ hi aⁿ-ki-niⁿ kdi ni-he,” i-ye pa (kóišǫ́ttą ežą́ke éži pá, “wahį́ska hóttą hi ą́kinį kdí-nihé,” iyé pa) - then his step-daughters said, “bring back some really good calico cloth” [JOD]

returned, to have not returned or not come back

► kdi-zhi (kdíži) - to have not come back

► cf. kdi (kdi) - to have come back here; zhi (ži) - not, negation, negative

► ex: kdi-zhi (kdíži) - he had not come back [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ kdi-zhi (hǫnį́ttą kdíži) - why hasn’t he come back? [JOD]

► ki-zhi (kiži) - to have not be returned here

► cf. ki (ki) - be returning to here; zhi (ži) - not, negation, negative

► ex: haⁿ-tʰe a-tiⁿ shki-zhi a (hą́tʰe attį́ škiží a) - why didn’t you bring it home? [JOD]

► kʰi-zhi (kʰi-ži) - to have not arrived back at one’s own

► cf. kʰi (kʰi) - arrive back at one’s own; zhi (ži) - not, negation, negative

► ex: kʰi-zhi (kʰi-ži) - he did not reach home [JOD]

► ex: e-kaⁿ niⁿ-kʰe-ti ti-aⁿ-hi kʰi-zhi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (eką́ nįkʰe-tti ttią́hi kʰi-ži iyá maštį́ke) - the rabbit had not returned to his grandmother for a long time, it is said [JOD]

returning, be returning to here

► ki (ki) - be returning to here ► pi (ppi) - I, shki (ški) - you

► ex: di-taⁿ-niⁿ e-ti da! a-shi-oⁿ-he-taⁿ she-ta pi te (díttąnį étti dá! ášiǫhéttą šétta ppi tte) - you go there first, and I will join you later on

► ex: a-niⁿ ki (anį́ ki) - to bring back here, “have, keep + return here”

► ex: a-bniⁿ pi (abnį́ ppi) - I bring back here [JOD]

► ex: a-tiⁿ shki (attį́ ški) - you bring back here JOD]

► ex: aⁿ-shki te koⁿ-bda (ą́ški-tte kkǫbdá) - I want you to go for me [JOD]

► ex: haⁿ-tʰe a-tiⁿ shki-zhi a (hą́tʰe attį́ škiží a) - why didn’t you bring it home? [JOD]

► ex: aniⁿ ki (anį́ ki) - he brought it (home i.e.) back [JOD]

► ex: “a-niⁿ ki naⁿ de,” i-ke (anį́ ki-nądé, iké) - “go and bring it home,” she said to her [JOD]

► ex: ki (kí) - was returning [JOD]

► ex: ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-zhiⁿ-ke niⁿ ki naⁿ, i-yá (maštį́ke ežį́ke nį kí ną, iyá) - the Rabbit’s son was coming, it is said [JOD]

► ex: e-shoⁿ maⁿ wa-kdi-sti-sti-te ki naⁿ (ešǫ́ mą́ wákdistístitte kí ną) - and as he was coming, he was pulling out his arrows, one after another [JOD]

► ex: e-ka-sa-ni-taⁿ wa-toⁿ-we ki naⁿ, i-ya (ékasánittą watǫ́we kí ną, iyá) - on the next morning he (Grizzly bear) returned after scouting for game, it is said [JOD]

► ex: ki (ki) - reached again [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ-tʰaⁿ-hi, pa-ze he-be taⁿ, ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-ti ki, i-ya (hǫ́tʰąhí, ppáze hebé tą, maštį́ke ettí ki, iyá) - after a while, when it was dusk, Rabbit returned there, it is said [JOD]

► ex: aⁿ-ka-ki (ąkáki) - we (I and one other) were coming back (or home) [JOD]

► Dhegiha: gi (gi) - to be coming back or home [JOD-Omaha]; gi (gí) - return [JOD-Omaha]; ki (kí) - reach home [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: gi (gi) - he approaches; he comes; come home [FL-Osage]; gi-o (gi-o) - to come [FL-Osage]; kshi (kshi) - to reach home [FL-Osage]; ʰki (ḳi) - to reach home [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: ki-o (kǘ), a-ki-o (akǘ), ku (kú), a-ku (akú) - come back here (motion underway); get, fetch, bring, come here with [CQ-Osage]; kshi (kší), a-kshi (akší) - arrive back there; arrive home, return there [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: gi (gi) - motion back to somewhere; go back, return [Kaw]; gu (gu) - to be coming back [Kaw]; khi (khi) - arrive home over there, reach a place again, go back to one’s own place; to come out again into one’s own element or place, as from under the water to land again, or from a hollow tree or cave into the open air; to emerge [Kaw]

revile, curse

► knoⁿ (knǫ) - curse, revile ► a-knoⁿ (aknǫ́) - I, da-knoⁿ (daknǫ́) - you

► ex: ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-ta-ko-iⁿ-xe hi naⁿ, knoⁿ hi-de niⁿ naⁿ (maštį́ke ettákóįγe hi ną, knǫ híde nį ną) - rabbit came around (the lake) to him (raccoon), cursing him (raccoon), as rabbit moved along, sending the curse hither [JOD]

► Dhegiha: gthaⁿ (g¢aⁿ) - to mock, speak evil of, revile, call bad names [JOD-Omaha]; gthoⁿ (gthoⁿ) - to call one bad names; to revile [FL-Osage]; loⁿ (lǫ́ǫ), laⁿ (lą́ą) - call someone a bad name, revile someone, “blast someone in an argument; say bad words, curse; sulk, be angry, mutter in complaint [CQ-Osage]; laⁿ (laⁿ), loⁿ (loⁿ) - curse, revile someone, call someone bad names [Kaw]

revolve, make revolve

► ba-ko-wiⁿ-xe (bakkówįγe) - turn, make revolve, push around ► pa-ko-wiⁿ-xe (ppákkowįγe) - I, shpa-ko-wiⁿ-xe (špákkowįγe) - you

► cf. ba (ba) - by pushing; ba-ko-wiⁿ-xa-xa (bakkówįγáγa) - push round and round; bi-ko-wiⁿ-xe (bikkówįγe) - push, blow in a circle; bi-ko-wiⁿ-xa-xa (bikkówįγáγa) - push or blow something in circle; di-ko-wiⁿ-xe (dikkówįγe) - turn, rotate, pull out of line; di-ko-wiⁿ-xe i-he-de (dikkówįγe ihéde) - turn something long; di-ko-wiⁿ-xa-xa (dikkówįγáγa) - to cause something to wobble; ka-ko-wiⁿ-xe (kakkówįγe), ka-koiⁿ-xe (kakoįγe) - turn around, circle; ka-koiⁿ-xa-xa (kakóįγáγa) - go around and around; ki-kdi-ko-wiⁿ-xe (kkikdíkkowįγe) - turn oneself around; ko-wiⁿ-xa-xa (kkówįγáγa) - turn round and round; ta-ko-wiⁿ-xa-xa (tákkowįγáγa) - around in circles, “fire makes him/her/it go around and around”

► Dhegiha: ba-ʰku-wiⁿ-xe (ba-ḳu-wiⁿ-xe) - to turn by pushing [FL-Osage]; ba-ko-mi-ghe (bakómighe) - turn, spin, cause to revolve in a horizontal or vertical plane by pushing [Kaw]

rheumatism

► o-ki-te iⁿ-te (okkítte įté) - to have rheumatism, “joint pain” ► o-ki-te aⁿ-te (okkítte ąté) - I, o-ki-te di-iⁿ-te (okkítte díįté) - you

► cf. o-ki-te (okkítte) - joint; iⁿ-te (įté), iⁿ-de (įdé) - ache, hurt, to have a pain

► Dhegiha: u-kʰi-tʰe (ukʰítʰe) - joint [Omaha/Ponca]; u-ki-te (úkite) - joint [Omaha]; u-ʰki-tse (u-ḳí-tse) - a joint [FL-Osage]; o-ʰki-tsʰe (óʰkicʰe) - joint [CQ-Osage]; o-ki-che (okíche), o-ku-che (okúche) - joint, the place where two bones are joined [Kaw]

rib

► ti-we (tíwe) - rib

► ti-we (tiwe) - rib, rib bone [MS]

► di-we (díwe) - side of a person or animal

► cf. ti di-we (tti díwe) - wall, side of a house

► Dhegiha: thi-e (¢ié) - side [JOD-Omaha]; thi-e (thie) - lumbar region [Omaha]; thiu-we (thiú-we) - the body, from the armpits down to the hips; the waist [FL-Osage]; thu-we (ðúwe) - waist, diaphragm, rib cage [CQ-Osage]; yu-we (yúwe) - side of a person or animal [Kaw]

► di-ti (dítti) - rib, ribs

► Dhegiha: thi-tiⁿ (thítiⁿ) - rib [Omaha/Ponca]; thi-ti (thi ti), thi-te (thíte) - rib [Omaha]; thi-tiⁿ (¢í-t͓iⁿ) - a rib; ribs [JOD-Omaha]; thi-tsi (thí-tsi) - rib, the ribs [FL-Osage]; yu-tsu (yúcu), yu-tsu-he (yúcuhe), tsu-be (cúbe) - rib, ribs [Kaw]

rib bone

► di-ti wa-hi (dítti wáhi) - rib bone

► cf. di-ti (dítti) - rib, ribs; wa-hi (wahí) - bone

► Dhegiha: thi-tsi wa-hi (thí-tsi wa-hi) - rib bones [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: thi-tiⁿ (thítiⁿ) - rib [Omaha/Ponca]; thi-ti (thi ti), thi-te (thíte) - rib [Omaha]; thi-tiⁿ (¢í-t͓iⁿ) - a rib; ribs [JOD-Omaha]; thi-tsi (thí-tsi) - rib, the ribs [FL-Osage]; yu-tsu (yúcu), yu-tsu-he (yúcuhe), tsu-be (cúbe) - rib, ribs [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: wa-hi (wahí) - bone [Omaha/Ponca]; wa-hi (wa-hí) - a bone; bones [JOD-Omaha]; wa-hi (wahi) - skeleton; bones [Omaha]; wa-hiu (wa-hiú) - a bone [FL-Osage]; wa-hu (wahú) - bone [CQ-Osage]; wa-hu (wahú) - bone [Kaw]

rib, short rib

► di-ti wa-hi o-shte-ka (dítti wahi oštéka) - short rib

► cf. di-ti (dítti) - rib, ribs; wa-hi (wahí) - bone; shte-ka (štéka) - short

► Dhegiha: thi-tiⁿ wa-hi u-sha-gthe (¢í-t͓iⁿ wá-hi u-cá-g¢e) - the smallest rib [JOD-Omaha]; thi-ti u-sha-gthe (thi tiushagthe) - short ribs [Omaha]

ribbon

► wa-bde-ka (wabdékka) - ribbon [MS]

► cf. wa-bde-ka (wabdékka) - male ribbon headdress; bde-ka (bdékka) - thin

► Dhegiha: ha-bthe-ka (há-bthe-ka) - ribbon [FL-Osage]; ha-bre-ʰka (háabreʰka) - ribbon [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: bthe-ka (bthéka) - thin [Omaha/Ponca]; bthe-ka (btheka) - thin [Omaha]; bthe-ʰka (bthé-ḳa) - thin [FL-Osage]; bre-ʰka (bréʰka) - lean, thin [CQ-Osage]; ble-ka (bléka) - be thin [Kaw]

ribs, tickle the ribs

► shi-we di-sh’iⁿ-sh’iⁿ-da (šíwe dišʔį́šʔįda) - tickle the ribs

► cf. shi-we (šíwe), shiu-we (šǘwe), shu-we (šúwe) - guts, entrails; di-sh’iⁿ-sh’iⁿ-da (dišʔį́šʔįda) - tickle the ribs repeatedly

► Dhegiha: shi-be thi-’i-’i-tha (cibe ¢i’i’i¢a) - to tickle him in the ribs [JOD-Omaha]; shi-be thi-’i-tha (shíbe thi ítha) - tickle [Omaha]

► Dhegiha: shi-be (shíbe) - entrails, intestines, guts, innards [Omaha/Ponca]; shi-be (shíbe) - bowels, intestines [Omaha]; shi-be (cí-be) - the entrails [JOD-Omaha]; shi-be (shí-be), shiu-be (shiú-be), shu-be (shú-be) - entrails, the viscera, intestines [FL-Osage]; shu-pe (šúpe) - intestines, appendix, colon, entrails, insides, stomach area, stomach [CQ-Osage]; shu-we (shúwe), shu-be (shúbe) - guts, intestines, entrails [Kaw]

ribs, tickle the ribs repeatedly

► di-sh’iⁿ-sh’iⁿ-da (dišʔį́šʔįda) - tickle the ribs repeatedly ► bdi-sh’iⁿ-sh’iⁿ-da (bdíšʔįšʔįda) - I, ti-sh’iⁿ- sh’iⁿ-da (ttíšʔįšʔįda) - you

► cf. di-sh’iⁿ-da (dišʔį́da) - tickle and make laugh; di-x’i-x’i-da (dixʔíxʔida) - scratch an itch

► Dhegiha: thi-’i-’i-tha (¢i-’í-’í-¢a) - to tickle another [JOD-Omaha]; yu-k’i-k’i-ya (yuk’ík’iya) - scratch an itch repeatedly, to tickle [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: thi-k’i-tha (thi-ḳ’í-tha) - to tickle [FL-Osage]; thi-k’i-the (ðikʔíðe) - scratch; tickle [CQ-Osage]; yu-k’i-ya (yuk’íya) - scratch an itch once [Kaw]

rice

► pe-zhe xta si (ppéžexta si) - rice [OM]

► pe-zhe xta si zhi-ka (ppéžextá si žíka) - rice [JOD]

► cf. pe-zhe-xta (ppéžexta) - wheat, flour; xta (xta), xda (xdá) - blossom, bud; si (si) - seed, pit, grain, kernel; zhi-ka (žíka) - small, little, young

► Dhegiha: pe-zhe (pézhe) - grass [Omaha/Ponca]; ʰpe-zhe (p̣é-zhe) - grass or hay; weeds [FL-Osage]; ʰpe-zhe (ʰpéže) - weed; sage, sage brush [CQ-Osage]; pe-zhe (pézhe), pe-zhi (pézhi) - hay, weeds, grass [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: xtha (xtha) - blossom [Omaha]; xtha (xtha) - blossoms of any kind [FL-Osage]; xla (xla) - flower, bud on a tree [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: si (si) - seed; seeds [Omaha/Ponca]; si (si) - seed, in general; a seed [JOD-Omaha]; si (çi), su (çu) - seed [FL-Osage]; su (súu) - seed, pit, kernel [CQ-Osage]

rich

► wa-she (wašé) - rich, be rich ► aⁿ-wa-she (ąwáše) - I, di-wa-she (diwáše) - you, wa-wa-sha-we (wawášawe) - we

► cf. ka-wa-she (kawáše) - make in abundance; o-she (óše) - plentiful, plenty, a lot; o-she-xti (óšexti) - full; ma-ze-ska o-she a-niⁿ niⁿ (mazéska óše anį́ nį) - rich people (they have a lot of money) [MS]

► ex: wa-she-xti (wašéxti) - very rich [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ wa-she-xti zho-ki-kde ti-kde ke naⁿ, i-ya (kóišǫ́ wašé-xti žókikde ttíkde ké ną, iyá) - and then they lived very prosperously together, it is said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: wa-she (wacĕ́) - rich [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: u-she (ú-she) - plenty, plentiful [FL-Osage]; o-she (óše) - exist plentifully, lots, abundance, plenty, profusion of something [CQ-Osage]

► ma-ze-ska o-she a-niⁿ niⁿ (mazéska óše anį́ nį) - rich people (they have a lot of money) [MS]

► cf. ma-ze-ska (mazéska) - silver, money; o-she (óše) - plentiful, plenty, a lot; a-niⁿ (anį́) - have, keep; niⁿ (nį) - continuative aux. moving

► Dhegiha: moⁿ-ze ska (moⁿçeçka) - money, silver, currency [Omaha]; maⁿ-ze ska (máⁿzĕskă) - money [JOD-Omaha]; moⁿ-ze ska (móⁿ-çe-çka) - white metal, money [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-ze ska(mą́zeska) - money, coin, silver, literally white metal [CQ-Osage]; maⁿ-ze ska (máⁿzeska) - money, esp. silver money [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: u-she (ú-she) - plenty, plentiful [FL-Osage]; o-she (óše) - exist plentifully, lots, abundance, plenty, profusion of something [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: a-thiⁿ (áthiⁿ) - have, keep [Omaha]; a-thiⁿ (a-thíⁿ) - to have [FL-Osage]; a-thiⁿ (aðį́) - have, own, possess [CQ-Osage]; a-yiⁿ (ayíⁿ) - have, keep, get, hold [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: thiⁿ (thiⁿ) - the moving [JOD-Omaha]; thiⁿ (thiⁿ) - a man or animal moving about [FL-Osage]; yi (yi) - continuative, moving/animate [Kaw]

ride in

► o-kniⁿ (oknį́) - ride in; sit in, dwell in, live in ► o-a-kniⁿ (oáknį) - I, o-da-kniⁿ (odáknį) - you

► cf. kniⁿ (knį), kdiⁿ (kdį) - sit, be in a place, camp, sit, be sitting; o-hi-kniⁿ (ohíknį) - to get into and sit [JOD]; o-ti-kdiⁿ (óttikdį) - village; o-ki-kniⁿ (okkíknį) - sit together, with one another; a-kniⁿ (aknį́) - sit on; kniⁿ-ye (knį́ye) - to have sat, to have dwelt

► ex: zhaⁿ-di-taⁿ-da zhi-ka o-kniⁿ a-taⁿ tʰi-we (žą́dittą́da žiká oknį áttą tʰíwe) - when they arrived they were riding in small wagon [JOD]

► ex: maⁿ-te o-kniⁿ taⁿ da-we (mątté oknį́ tą dáwe) - they went riding in a canoe [JOD]

► Dhegiha: u-gthiⁿ (ugthíⁿ) - seat, place to sit, sit in, to sit in something [Omaha/Ponca]; u-gthiⁿ (ugthiⁿ) - ride [Omaha]; u-gthiⁿ (u-g¢íⁿ) - to sit in; a place; a seat [JOD-Omaha]; u-gthiⁿ (u-gthíⁿ) - to ride in a boat [FL-Osage]; u-gthiⁿ (ú-gthiⁿ) - to occupy a seat [FL-Osage]; o-liⁿ (olį́į) - live in or at, dwell in, inhabit, live within metaphorically; sit in, occupy, be seated on, sit down on, take a seat; ride, ride in [CQ-Osage]; o-liⁿ (olíⁿ) - dwell, live in a place, sit in a place, stay in a place [Kaw]

ride on

► a-kniⁿ (aknį́) - ride on; sit on; and numerals in the teens

► cf. a (a) - on, upon; kniⁿ (knį), kdiⁿ (kdį) - sit, be sitting, be in a place, camp; a-kniⁿ (áknį) - chair, seat; a-kʰi-kniⁿ (akʰíknį) - return home there and stay; ki-kniⁿ (kíknį) - sit with reference to another; o-kniⁿ (oknį́) - sit in, dwell in, live in; o-hi-kniⁿ (ohíknį) - to get into and sit [JOD]; o-ki-kniⁿ (okkíknį) - sit together, with one another

► ex: shoⁿ-ke a-kniⁿ (šǫ́keáknį) - horse, “sit upon dog”

► Dhegiha: a-gthiⁿ (ágthiⁿ) - sit, to sit on something; chair, seat [Omaha/Ponca]; a-gthiⁿ (agthiⁿ) - ride a horse, sit on, astride, chair [Omaha]; a-gthiⁿ (agthíⁿ) - teen (part of number) [Omaha/Ponca]; a-gthiⁿ (ág¢iⁿ) - riding; to sit on any object; a chair or seat [JOD-Omaha]; a-gthiⁿ (á-gthiⁿ) - to sit upon a cushion, robe, or chair; a chair [FL-Osage]; a-liⁿ (álįį), a-dliⁿ (ádlį) - sit upon; ride on; place upon; upon (used in numbers); chair [CQ-Osage]; a-liⁿ (áliⁿ) - riding; sit on; chair; teen formative, ‘in addition’ [Kaw]

ridge

► a-ni bda bda (áni bdá bda) - ridge, long ridge

► cf. a-ni (áni) - hill; bda-bda (bdábda) - raised; ti-he bda-bda (ttíhe bdabdá) - roof, edge of roof; a-ni kaⁿ-ha (áni kką́ha) - edge of hill; a-ni pa-si-kde (áni ppasíkde) - hill with sharp peak; a-ni shta-ha (áni štáha) - hill with round top; a-ni shta-shta-ha (áni štaštáha) - round topped hills in series

► ex: a-ni bda bda tʰe (áni bdá bda tʰe) - the ridge

► Dhegiha: a-thiⁿ (áthiⁿ) - hillside, ridge [Omaha]; a-thiⁿ (á¢iⁿ) - ridge [JOD-Omaha]; a-thiⁿ (á-thiⁿ) - a ridge or divide [FL-Osage]; a-yiⁿ (áyiⁿ) - ridge, divide [Kaw]

rifle

► ma-ze so-te (máze sótte) - rifle

► ma-ze so-te (mŏzeh-sutteh) - rifle (carabine, rifle) [GI]

► cf. ma-ze (máze) - iron; gun; so-te (sotté) - fast, swift of an animal; rapidly; ma-ze o-ki-da-zha-ta (máze okkidažátta) - double barrel shotgun, forked [ASG]; ma-ze shte-ka (mazé štéka) - pistol, “short gun”; ma-ze te-shka (mazé ttéška) - pistol, “stubby gun”; ma-ze taⁿ-ka (mazé ttą́ka) - cannon, “big gun”; ma-ze a-di-taⁿ (máze ádittą) - aim a gun; ma-ze di-zha-ke (máze dižáke) - cock a gun

right above

► e-ta-kaⁿ-za (ettákkąza) - above, directly, opposite, right above

► cf. e-ta-ki-kaⁿ-za (ettákkikką́za) - opposite, even with, parallel; e-ta (etta) - there [JOD]; ta (tta) - to, at, toward, in that direction; kaⁿ-ze (kką́ze), koⁿ-ze (kkǫ́ze) - equal in; kaⁿ-ze (ką́ze), koⁿ-ze (kǫ́ze) - pretend, feign, “to pretend by being equal to, to pretend by being similar to, to pretend by acting as, to pretend being like”; ki-koⁿ-ze (kíkǫze), ki-kaⁿ-ze (kíkąze) - teach someone something, “to teach by being similar to, to teach by acting as, to teach by doing as”; wa-kaⁿ-ze (waką́ze) - teacher, “to act as them, to be similar to them, to be like them, to do as them”; kaⁿ-se (kańse), (káñsĕ) - Kwapa name for the Kansa Indians; Kansa, Kanse, Kanze, Kanza, Kaw Tribe [JOD]

► ex: e-ta-kaⁿ-za (ettákkąza) - right above [JOD]

► ex: “de tʰe o-wa-di-te niⁿ-kʰe a-pa-po e-ta-kaⁿ-za a-wi-taⁿ-we a-zhaⁿ tta miⁿ-kʰe (“dé tʰe owáditte nįkʰé áppapo ettákkąza áwittą́we ažą́ tta mįkʰé) - “this time I will lie down at the edge of the bluff directly above the place where you capture the game, and I will look down on you [JOD]

► Dhegiha: e-ʰta (e-ṭá) - thitherward; toward the person [FL-Osage]; e-ta (éta) - there, towards that place [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ta (-ta) - at, to [Omaha/Ponca]; ta (-ta) - suffix of position or of motion to a place; at; to [JOD-Omaha]; ʰta (ṭa) - in that direction [FL-Osage]; ʰta (ʰta) - toward, in the direction of, from, into [CQ-Osage]; ta (-ta) - in, at, towards: locative added to nouns or adverbs to create an adverb [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: i-goⁿ-za (ígoⁿça) - copy [Omaha]; ʰkoⁿ-za-ha gthiⁿ (ḳóⁿ-ça-ha gthiⁿ) - to sit side by side; to sit beside [FL-Osage]; ʰkoⁿ-za-ha moⁿ-thiⁿ (ḳóⁿ-ça-ha moⁿthiⁿ) - to walk side by side [FL-Osage]; ʰkoⁿ-za-ha zhoⁿ (ḳóⁿ-ça-ha zhoⁿ) - to lie side by side [FL-Osage]; ʰkoⁿ-za-ha shkoⁿ (ḳoⁿ-çá shkoⁿ) - simultaneous [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: goⁿ-ze-goⁿ (goⁿ-çé-goⁿ) - alike in appearance, similar, uniform [FL-Osage]; goⁿ-ze ʰki-goⁿ (goⁿ-çé ḳi-goⁿ) - alike, resembling [FL-Osage]; goⁿ-ze ʰki-toⁿ-ha (goⁿ-çé ḳi-toⁿ-ha) - equal in height [FL-Osage]; goⁿ-ze thoⁿ-ska (goⁿ-çé 'thoⁿ-çka) - same in size, as large as [FL-Osage]; koⁿ-ze-ʰki-ʰkoⁿ (kǫzéʰkiʰkǫ) - similar to or like each other, resembling each other [CQ-Osage]; koⁿ-ze-koⁿ (kǫzékǫ) - be the same as or like another, like, similar to or identical to [CQ-Osage]; go-ze e-go (góze égo) - alike, resembling something [Kaw]; go-ze ei-ki-khaⁿ (góze ékikhaⁿ) - equal length [Kaw]; go-ze e-na (góze éna) - equal, even in number or quantity, an even number [Kaw]; go-ze e-yoⁿ-ska (góze éyoⁿska) - equal in size, as large as, same size [Kaw]

right arm

► a shtoⁿ-ka kʰe (a štǫ́ka kʰe) - the right arm

► cf. a (a) - arm; shtoⁿ-ka (štǫ́ka) - right, side or hand; kʰe (kʰe) - the singular/lying/animate or inanimate

► Dhegiha: a (a) - arm [Omaha]; a (a) - arm [JOD-Omaha]; a (a) - arm [FL-Osage]; a (áa) - arm [CQ-Osage]; a (a) - arm [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: i-shnu-ga (iɔnúga) - right [JOD-Omaha]; i-sdo-ge (í-sdo-ge), i-stu-ge (í-stu-ge) - on the right hand or side, the right side, the right hand, the right arm [FL-Osage]; noⁿ-be i-sdo-ge tse (nóⁿ-be i-sdo-ge tse) - the right hand [FL-Osage]; i-shtoⁿ-ka (íštǫka) - right, on the right, rightward, to the right [CQ-Osage]; i-shtoⁿ-ga (ishtóⁿga) - right, on the right side [Kaw]; naⁿ-be i-shtoⁿ-ga (naⁿbé ishtóⁿga) - right hand [Kaw]

► a ta-te-ta (á ȁtát’hȁ́), (ȁtát hátá) - right arm [ASG]

► cf. a (a) - arm; ta-te-ta (tattétta) - on the right side; e-ta te-ta (ettá ttetta) - at or on the right side

right hand

► naⁿ-pe ta-te-ta (nąpé tattétta) - right hand

► cf. naⁿ-pe (nąpé), noⁿ-pe (nǫpé) - hand; ta-te-ta (tattétta) - on the right side; e-ta te-ta (ettá ttetta) - at or on the right side

► Dhegiha: noⁿ-be (noⁿbe) - hand [Omaha]; noⁿ-be (noⁿ-bé) - the hand [FL-Osage]; noⁿ-pe (nǫǫpé) - palm of the hand, fist [CQ-Osage]; naⁿ-be (naⁿbé) - hand, paw [Kaw]

right here

► de-do (de-do) - here, this place, right here [AG, OM]

► de-do (dédo) - here

► cf. de-to (dettó), de-do (dedó) - native, translates JOD’s “Dhegiha”; she-do (šédo) - yonder, there

► ex: de-do a-shka e-ti-tʰaⁿ she-mi wa-niⁿ e-ti-tʰaⁿ, i-ke niⁿ (dédo áška ettítʰą šémi eną́hí wánį ettítʰą, iké nį́) - near here one stands (a lodge), it only has girls, he said to her [JOD]

► ex: de-do ti-aⁿ-hi kaⁿ miⁿ-kʰe moⁿ (dédo ttią́hi ką́ mįkʰé mǫ́) - I have been dwelling here a very long time [JOD]

► ex: wi-ti-kaⁿ, wa-x’o miⁿ de-do i-hi naⁿ i-da-de hoⁿ-zhi ae, i-ke (wittiką́, waxʔó mį dédo íhi ną ídade hǫži ae, iké) - my grandfather, did you not see a woman that arrived here? he said to him [JOD]

► ex: de-do tʰi, t’e kʰe (dedo tʰi, tʔe kʰe) - he/she arrived here, the dead (person)

► ex: wi-e de-do a-tʰi ta miⁿ-kʰe (wíe dédo atʰí ta mįkʰé) - I’m sitting right here (I will be arriving here) [AG]

► Dhegiha: the-thu (¢é¢u) - here [JOD-Omaha]; the-thu-di a-toⁿ (thethudi atoⁿ) - from here [Omaha]; the-tho (thé-tho) - here at this place [FL-Osage]; ye-yo (yèyó) - here, right here [Kaw]

right leg

► zhe-ka ta-te-ta (žeká tat’hȁté), (žeká ȁtat’hȁ) - right leg [ASG]

► cf. zhe-ka (žeká) - leg, man’s leg; hind leg of animal; ta-te-ta (tattétta) - on the right side; e-ta te-ta (ettá ttetta) - at or on the right side

► Dhegiha: zhe-ga (zhéga) - upper part of the leg, thigh [Omaha/Ponca]; zhe-ga (zhega) - leg [Omaha]; zhe-ga (zhe-gá) - leg, upper part [FL-Osage]; zhe-ka (žeká) - leg [CQ-Osage]; zhe-ga (zhegá) - leg; thigh, leg above the knee [Kaw]

right now

► iⁿ-chʰoⁿ hi (į́čʰǫ hi) - now, right now

► cf. iⁿ-chʰoⁿ (į́čʰǫ) - now; hi (hi) - very; ka-chʰoⁿ zhi-ka (kačʰǫ́ žiká) - a little while

► ex: iⁿ-chʰoⁿ hi (į́čʰǫ hí) - now/very [JOD]

► ex: “iⁿ-chʰoⁿ hi a-shi-ti de,” i-ye tʰaⁿ wa-xo-zhi-ka tʰaⁿ (“į́čʰǫ hí ášitti dé,” iyé tʰą waxʔóžiká tʰą) - “he just now went outside,” the old woman said [JOD]

► ex: shi-naⁿ iⁿ-chʰoⁿ hi t’e ni-ha e-ti-ni-kʰa naⁿ, i-ya (ši-ną́ į́čʰǫ hí tʔé nihá ettí-nikʰá ną, iyá) - on and on, some (corpses) were sitting there who had just now died, it is said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: iⁿ-chʰaⁿ (íⁿ-tcaⁿ) - now, at present [JOD-Omaha]; iⁿ-chuⁿ (iⁿchuⁿ) - meanwhile, current, now, immediately, abrupt [Omaha]; iⁿ-choⁿ (į́-choⁿ) - at this moment, now, immediately, right away [FL-Osage]

right side

► shtoⁿ-ka (štǫ́ka) - right, side or hand

► cf. a shtoⁿ-ka kʰe (a štǫ́ka kʰe) - the right arm

► Dhegiha: i-shnu-ga (iɔnúga) - right [JOD-Omaha]; i-sdo-ge (í-sdo-ge), i-stu-ge (í-stu-ge) - on the right hand or side, the right side, the right hand, the right arm [FL-Osage]; noⁿ-be i-sdo-ge tse (nóⁿ-be i-sdo-ge tse) - the right hand [FL-Osage]; i-shtoⁿ-ka (íštǫka) - right, on the right, rightward, to the right [CQ-Osage]; i-shtoⁿ-ga (ishtóⁿga) - right, on the right side [Kaw]; naⁿ-be i-shtoⁿ-ga (naⁿbé ishtóⁿga) - right hand [Kaw]

► ta-te-ta (tattétta) - on the right side

► e-ta te-ta (ettá ttetta) - at or on the right side

► cf. e-ta (etta) - there [JOD]; tʰe-ta (tʰettá) - to the, at the; ta (tta) - to, at, toward, in that direction

► ex: a ta-te-ta (á ȁtát’hȁ́), (ȁtát hátá) - right arm [ASG]

► ex: naⁿ-pe ta-te-ta (nąpé tattétta) - right hand

► ex: zhe-ka ta-te-ta (žeká tat’hȁté), (žeká ȁtat’hȁ) - right leg [ASG]

► ex: e-ta te-ta i-di-shaⁿ (étta ttétta ídišą) - around in that direction

► ex: ko-ta te-ta i-di-shaⁿ (kóta ttétta ídišą) - on that side of

► ex: to-ta te-ta i-di-shaⁿ (tóta ttétta ídišą) - on this side of

► Dhegiha: e-ta (ĕ́ʇa) - there [JOD-Omaha]; e-ʰta (e-ṭá) - thitherward; toward the person [FL-Osage]; e-ta (éta) - there, towards that place [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ta (-ta) - at, to [Omaha/Ponca]; ta (-ta) - suffix of position or of motion to a place; at; to [JOD-Omaha]; ʰta (ṭa) - in that direction [FL-Osage]; ʰta (ʰta) - toward, in the direction of, from, into [CQ-Osage]; ta (-ta) - in, at, towards: locative added to nouns or adverbs to create an adverb [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: tʰe-ta (tĕ́-t͓a) - at or to the std. in. ob., etc. [JOD-Omaha]

right, all right

► ko-he (kohé) - all right! [JOD]

► ex: “ko-he, wi-ki-kda-k’iⁿ te-a,” i-ke (“kohé, wikíkdakʔį́ tteá,” iké) - “all right! I will carry you (on my back),” she said to him [JOD]

► ex: “ko-he, wi-ki-kda-k’iⁿ te iⁿ,” i-yi (“kohé, wikíkdakʔį́ tté į́,” iyí) - “all right! I will carry you (on my back),” he said [JOD]

right, correct, act honestly

► o-ta-za ka-xe (óttaza káγe) - right, correct, act honestly

► cf. o-ta-za (óttaza) - right, straight, honest; ka-xe (káγe) - make, do, cause; o-ta-za-zhi (óttazáži) - be wrong

► Dhegiha: o-ʰta-za (o-ṭa-ça), u-ʰta-za (u-ṭá-ça) - handsome; showy; stateliness; pretty; comely; pleasing to the sight; satisfying to the sense of beauty; pleasing to look at [FL-Osage]; o-ʰta-za (oʰtáza) - good looking, handsome, beautiful, very pretty [CQ-Osage]

right, facing at right angles toward the wind

► ta-ti-o-kda-kʰaⁿ o-ka-xde (ttáttiókdakʰą́ okáxde) - facing at right angles toward the wind

► cf. ta-ti-oⁿ-he (ttáttiǫ́he), ta-ti-aⁿ-he (ttáttią́he) - wind; kda-kaⁿ (kdákką), kda-kʰaⁿ (kdákʰą) - crosswise, across; ta-ti-ok-kda-kʰaⁿ (ttáttiókdakʰą́) - across the wind, as when a boat tacks;

o-ka-xde (okáxde) - face a certain direction, face a direction, facing towards

► Dhegiha: ta-de gtha-kʰoⁿ (tadé gthákʰoⁿ) - across wind, across the wind, perpendicular to the wind direction [Omaha/Ponca]; ta-de gtha-kaⁿ (t͓a-dé g¢á-kaⁿ) - across the way that the wind blows [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: u-ga-xthe (ú-ga-q¢e) - to be facing a certain direction [JOD-Omaha]; o-ka-le (okále) - face a certain direction [CQ-Osage]; o-ga-xle (ogáxle) - facing, face a direction, facing towards [Kaw]

right, straight, honest

► o-ta-za (óttaza) - right, straight, honest ► oⁿ-ta-za (ǫ́ttaza), o-aⁿ-ta-za (oąttaza) - I, o-di-ta-za (ódittaza) - you

► o-ta-za (óttaza) - pretty [OM]

► cf. o-ta-za ka-xe (óttaza káγe) - right, correct, act honestly; o-ta-za-zhi (óttazáži) - be wrong

► Dhegiha: o-ʰta-za (o-ṭa-ça), u-ʰta-za (u-ṭá-ça) - handsome; showy; stateliness; pretty; comely; pleasing to the sight; satisfying to the sense of beauty; pleasing to look at [FL-Osage]; o-ʰta-za (oʰtáza) - good looking, handsome, beautiful, very pretty [CQ-Osage]

right, to be right

► o-do-taⁿ (ódottą́) - right, to be right

► cf. do-taⁿ (dóttą), do-toⁿ (dóttǫ) - straight; do-taⁿ ka-xe (dóttą káγe) - straighten, pull straight

► Dhegiha: o-tho-ʰtoⁿ (ó-tho-ṭoⁿ), u-thu-ʰtoⁿ (u-thu-ṭoⁿ) - good behavior; rectitude; moral integrity; straight; upright; true; honest; good character; accurate; straight, as character [FL-Osage]; o-tho-ʰtaⁿ (óðoʰtą) - behave; straight, virtuous; behavior, good behavior, acting with rectitude [CQ-Osage]; o-yo-taⁿ (óyotaⁿ) - right, correctly, properly [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: thu-tʰoⁿ (thútʰoⁿ) - straight, correct [Omaha/Ponca]; thu-toⁿ (thutóⁿ) - beeline, straight [Omaha]; thu-taⁿ (¢ú-taⁿ) - straight, correct [JOD-Omaha]; tho-ʰtoⁿ (thó-ṭoⁿ) - standing; present or standing; in the middle of the heaven [FL-Osage]; yo-taⁿ (yótaⁿ) - straight up [Kaw]

ring a bell pulling the rope

► di-ka-da (dikáda) - ring a bell pulling the rope ► bdi-ka-da (bdíkada) - I, ti-ka-da (ttíkada) - you

► cf. di (di) - by hand, pulling; ka-da (káda) - ringing sound; ka-ka-da (kakáda) - bell; ke-ha-na-xa-da (kehá anaɣáda) - shell shaker, stomp dance shells [MS]

► Dhegiha: ga-ka-thaⁿ (ga-k͓á-¢aⁿ) - to make a dull sound by beating on an old kettle, a stiff hide, a door, or wood [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: thi-ga-ma (thígama) - ring [Omaha]; thi-ʰka-moⁿ (thi-ḳá-moⁿ) - to ring a bell [FL-Osage]; thu-ʰka-maⁿ (ðuuʰkáamą) - ring, ring the bell, press the door bell [CQ-Osage]

ring finger, third finger

► naⁿ-pe o-zo-skaⁿ-ska o-pa-taⁿ (nąpé ózoskąská opáttą) - third finger, ring finger, “next to the middle finger”

► cf. naⁿ-pe o-zo-skaⁿ-ska (nąpé ózoskąská), naⁿ-piu-zo-skaⁿ-ska (nąpüzóskąská) - second finger, middle finger; o-ba-tʰaⁿ (obátʰą) - next; si-po-zo-skaⁿ-skaⁿ o-ba-taⁿ (sippózoską́ską obáttą) - second toe; si-po-za zhi-ka o-ba-taⁿ (sippóza žíka obáttą) - fourth toe; hi o-ta-ho-kde o-ba-taⁿ (hí ottahokdé obáttą) - teeth, bicuspid

► ex: naⁿ-pe o-zo-skaⁿ-ska o-pa-taⁿ tʰe (nąpé ózoskąská opáttą tʰe) - the third finger

► Dhegiha: noⁿ-be hi u-zhiⁿ-ga u-thu-a-toⁿ (noⁿbe hi uzhiⁿga uthuatoⁿ) - ring finger, “next to the little finger” [Omaha]; sha-ge o-kaⁿ-ska o-wa-khaⁿ (sháge okáⁿska owakhaⁿ) - third finger, ring finger, lit. “next to middle (finger)” [Kaw]

ring, finger ring

► naⁿ-pe o-di-xda (ną́pe ódixdá) - ring, a finger ring

► naⁿ-piu-zo-di-xda (nąpüzódixdá) - ring, finger ring [MS]

► cf. naⁿ-pe (nąpé), noⁿ-pe (nǫpé) - hand; naⁿ-pe o-za (nąpé ozá), naⁿ-piu-za (nąpüza) - finger; o-di-xda (ódixdá) - to thrust in

► Dhegiha: noⁿ-be u-thi-xtha (noⁿbe uthixtha) - ring [Omaha]; noⁿ-be u-thi-xtha (noⁿ-bé u-thi-xtha) - noⁿ-be, finger; u-thi-xtha, to thrust into, to-thrust-finger-into: a ring, ring for finger [FL-Osage]; naⁿ-be o-yu-xla (naⁿbé oyúxla) - ring [Kaw]

ring, nose perforation for ring

► pa ba-xto (ppá baxtó) - nose perforation for ring

► cf. pa (ppa) - nose, beak, bill; ba-xdo (baxdó), ba-xto (baxtó) - pierce, stab, perforate; naⁿ-ta ba-xto (nąttá baxtó) - perforations for earrings; wa-sa i-ba-xdo-xdo (wasá íbaxdoxdó) - small pieces of black bear meat roasted on sticks [JOD]; wa-naⁿ-bde i-ba-xto (waną́bde íbaxto), wa-naⁿ-bdi-ba-xto (waną́bdibaxto) - fork, a table fork, “something to stick food”; ke-naⁿ-ba-xdo (keną́baxdó), ki-ne-ba-xdo (kinébaxdó) - cactus; ma-ze we-ba-xto (máze wébaxto) - spear, war spear; ho we-ba-xto (ho wébaxto) - fish spear

► Dhegiha: ʰpa ba-xthu-ge (p̣á-ba-xthu-ge) - perforation in the septum of the nose [FL-Osage]; pa ba-xlo-ge (pa báxloge) - pierced septum, pierced nose [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: pa (pa) - nose [Omaha/Ponca]; pa (pa) - nose [Omaha]; ʰpa (p̣a) - snout, the projecting nose of an animal [FL-Osage]; ʰpa (ʰpá) - nose, snout [CQ-Osage]; pa (pa) - nose [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ba-xthu (baxthu) - pierce [Omaha]; ba-xthu (ba-q¢ú) - to punch a hole, to pierce, to punch through [JOD-Omaha]; ba-xtho-ge (ba-xthó-ge) - to pierce, perforate, punch, make a hole in a piece of leather [FL-Osage]; ba-xlo-ge (baxlóge) - pierce, impale, hold with a fork [Kaw]

ringed, yellow ringed woodpecker

► zaⁿ-zi-ka (zą́zikka) - flicker, red shafted; yellow winged woodpecker

► Dhegiha: zoⁿ-zi-ga (zóⁿziga) - red-shafted flicker, woodpecker [Omaha/Ponca]; zoⁿ-zi-ga (çóⁿ-çi-ga) - the flicker, yellow hammer, belongs to the woodpecker family [FL-Osage]; thoⁿ-zi-ga (thoⁿ’çiga) - flicker bird [Omaha]; zi-zi-ga taⁿ-ga (zíziga tàⁿga) - the flicker [Kaw]

ringing sound

► ka-da (káda) - ringing sound

► cf. ka-ka-da (kakáda) - bell; di-ka-da (dikáda) - ring a bell pulling the rope

ringing sound in the ear

► ni-xi-te maⁿ-tʰe tiⁿiⁿ (niγítte mą́tʰe ttį́į́) - ringing in the ear [MS]

► cf. ni-xi-te (niγítte) - inner ear, opening of the ear, hearing; maⁿ-tʰe (mą́tʰe) - inside, in, within, under; tiⁿiⁿ (ttį́į́) - ringing sound in the ear, onomatopoeia

► Dhegiha: noⁿ-xi-de (noⁿxide) - ear, the inner hearing organ [Omaha]; na-xi-de (naxíde) - ear [JOD-Omaha]; noⁿ-xu-dse (noⁿ-xú-dse) - the internal, that which holds the hearing orifice [FL-Osage]; naⁿ-xu-tse (nąąγúce) - ear, inner ear, act of hearing, understanding, paying attention, heeding advice [CQ-Osage]; ni-ghu-je (nighúje) - the external ear, sense of hearing [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: maⁿ-te (máⁿ-te) - in, into, within [JOD-Omaha]; moⁿ-te (moⁿte) - inside [Omaha]; moⁿ-tse (móⁿ-tse) - in the deepest of secret places [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-tsʰe (mącʰé) - in the center of something, centrally located, within, underneath [CQ-Osage]; maⁿ-che (máⁿche) - underneath, within [Kaw]

rinsing or washing one’s own mouth

► da-kdi-zha (dakdižá) - gargling, rinsing, washing one’s own mouth

► cf. da (da) - by mouth; kdi-zha (kdižá) - wash one’s own; ki-kdi-zha (kkikdíža) - wash one’s own; di-zha (dižá) - wash

► ex: ma-kaⁿ koi to-te da-kdi-zha miⁿ-kʰe (makką́ kói tótte dakdižá mįkʰé) - gargle my throat, rinsing, washing [MS]

► Dhegiha: gthu-zha (gthú-zha) - to wash (one’s face) [FL-Osage]; lu-zha (lúuža) - wash one’s own (body parts or possessions) [CQ-Osage]; lu-zha (luzhá) - wash one’s own [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: thi-zha (thizhá) - to wash [Omaha/Ponca]; thu-zha (thu-zha) - to wash [FL-Osage]; thu-zha (ðuužá) - wash (e.g., dishes, parts of the body, food items, car) [CQ-Osage]; yu-zha (yuzhá) - wash something [Kaw]

rip or tear one’s shoes

► naⁿ-bda-ze (nąbdaze) - tear, rip one’s shoes ► a-naⁿ-bda-ze (anąbdaze) - I, da-naⁿ-bda-ze (danąbdaze) - you

► cf. naⁿ (ną) - by action of the foot; ki-naⁿ-bda-ze (kínąbdaze) - tear, rip with the foot; di-bda-ze (dibdáze) - tear, rip, rupture; di-bda-bda-ze (dibdábdaze) - tear to pieces, disembowel; ka-bda-ze (kabdáze), ka-bda-se (kabdáse) - burst

► Dhegiha: noⁿ-btha-ze (noⁿ-btha-çe) - to tear, to tear one’s trousers by kicking [FL-Osage]; naⁿ-bla-ze (naⁿbláze) - to tear or tear open with the foot; to make burst open by kicking; to tear open moccasins or leggings; pants to split [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: btha-ze (btháze) - split, ripped [Omaha/Ponca]; btha-ze (b¢á-zĕ) - ripped open, torn open [JOD-Omaha]; bra-ze (bráze) - torn [CQ-Osage]; bla-ze (bláze) - torn, be torn [Kaw]

rip or tear with the foot

► ki-naⁿ-bda-ze (kínąbdaze) - tear, rip with the foot ► a-ki-naⁿ-bda-ze (akínąbdaze) - I, da-ki-naⁿ-bda-ze (dakínąbdaze) - you

► cf. naⁿ (ną) - by action of the foot; naⁿ-bda-ze (nąbdaze) - tear, rip one’s shoes; di-bda-ze (dibdáze) - tear, rip, rupture; di-bda-bda-ze (dibdábdaze) - tear to pieces, disembowel; ka-bda-ze (kabdáze), ka-bda-se (kabdáse) - burst

► Dhegiha: noⁿ-btha-ze (noⁿ-btha-çe) - to tear, to tear one’s trousers by kicking [FL-Osage]; naⁿ-bla-ze (naⁿbláze) - to tear or tear open with the foot; to make burst open by kicking; to tear open moccasins or leggings; pants to split [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: btha-ze (btháze) - split, ripped [Omaha/Ponca]; btha-ze (b¢á-zĕ) - ripped open, torn open [JOD-Omaha]; bra-ze (bráze) - torn [CQ-Osage]; bla-ze (bláze) - torn, be torn [Kaw]

rip, rupture, tear

► di-bda-ze (dibdáze) - tear, rip, rupture ► bdi-bda-ze (bdíbdaze) - I, ti-bda-ze (ttíbdaze) - you

► cf. di-btha-btha-ze (dibdábdaze) - tear to pieces, disembowel; di-bda (dibdá) - pull apart, separate; ka-bda-ze (kabdáze), ka-bda-se (kabdáse) - burst; naⁿ-bda-ze (nąbdaze) - tear, rip one’s shoes; ki-naⁿ-bda-ze (kínąbdaze) - tear, rip with the foot

► Dhegiha: thi-btha-ze (¢ib¢áze) - torn open [JOD-Omaha]; thi-btha-ze (thi-bthá-çe) - to tear skin, cloth, or paper by pulling [FL-Osage]; yu-bla-ze (yubláze) - tear, as clothing, by pulling; rip open, break open by hauling [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: btha-ze (btháze) - split, ripped [Omaha/Ponca]; btha-ze (b¢á-zĕ) - ripped open, torn open [JOD-Omaha]; bra-ze (bráze) - torn [CQ-Osage]; bla-ze (bláze) - torn, be torn [Kaw]

rip, tear a seam

► di-kdi (dikdí) - rip, tear a seam ► bdi-kdi (bdíkdi) - I, ti-kdi (ttíkdi) - you

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