English to Quapaw Dictionary

T

tabby cat - tall	Tall Chief - thank you	that - thaw	the - themselves
then - therefore	these - thirty	this - throwing	thrust - tin
tip - today	toe - trachea	track - tremble	tribal - twofold

 

thrust and cause a cracking sound

► po-to-zhe (póttože) - make crack sound thrusting ► po-a-to-zhe (póattóže) - I, po-da-to-zhe (pódattóže) - you

► cf. po (po) - by shooting, blowing, punching, thrusting; ba-to-zhe (battóže) - make crack sound pushing; bi-to-zhe (bittóže) - make crack sound by pressure; da-to-zhe (dattóže) - crunch with teeth; naⁿ-pe di-to-zhe (nąpé dittóže) - crack one’s finger joints; ka-to-zhe (kattóže) - cracking sound hitting something; naⁿ-to-zhe (nąttóže) - make crack sound by treading; pa-to-zhe (páttože) - make cracking sound with knife; ta-to-zhe (táttože) - cracking sound made by burning

 

thrust and cause a popping sound

► po-ta-zhe (póttaže) - thrust and cause popping sound ► po-a-ta-zhe (póattáže) - I, po-da-ta-zhe (pódattáže) - you

► cf. po (po) - by shooting, blowing, punching, thrusting; ba-ta-zhe (battáže) - to make a popping sound from pushing; bi-ta-zhe (bittáže) - popping sound from pressing; da-ta-zhe (dattáže) - make popping sound with mouth; di-ta-zhe (dittáže) - snap the fingers; ka-ta-zhe (kattáže), ga-ta-zhe (gattáže) - clap the hands; naⁿ-pe ka-ta-zhe (nąpe kattáže) - clap the hands; naⁿ-ta-zhe (nąttáže) - pop by stepping on; ta-ta-zhe (táttaže) - to make a popping sound, as wood in a fire

 

thrust the hand of fingers into

► o-di-zhiⁿ-te (odížįtte) - to thrust the hand of fingers into

► o-di-zhiⁿ-te (odížįtté) - stick something into something ► o-bdi-zhiⁿ-te (obdížįtte) - I, o-ti-zhiⁿ-te (ottížįtte) - you

► ex: aⁿ-di-zhiⁿ-te (ądižįtté) - he thrust his hand/finger into my [JOD]

► ex: o-di-zhiⁿ-te (odížįtte) - he thrust his hand/or fingers into [JOD]

► Dhegiha: thi-zhiⁿ-de (thizhíⁿde) - to thrust the hand down into a hole, to pull out a raccoon, etc.; to reach down the arm or hand into a kettle, bucket, or bag [Omaha/Ponca]; thi-zhiⁿ-dse (thi-zhíⁿ-dse) - to thrust a finger or arm into a hole [FL-Osage]; yu-zhiⁿ-je (yuzhíⁿje) - reach into something; to thrust the hand or arm into a hole to draw out a raccoon, etc.; to reach down with the hand into a bag, kettle, pot, etc. [Kaw]

 

thrust, cause to bleed from a thrust

► po-wa-paiⁿ (pówappaį́) - bleed from a thrust, cause to ► po-a-wa-paiⁿ (poáwappaį́) - I, po-da-wa-paiⁿ (pódawappaį́) - you]

► cf. po (po) - by shooting, blowing, punching, thrusting; wa-paiⁿ (wappaį́) - blood

ba-wa-paiⁿ (bawappaį́) - prick and cause to bleed; ka-wa-paiⁿ kawappaį́) - cut, slash and cause to bleed; naⁿ-wa-paiⁿ (nąwappaį́) - bleed, cause by kicking; pa-wa-paiⁿ (páwappaį) - bleed someone with a knife

 

thrusting, break by thrusting

► ba-ba-xe (babáγe) - break by thrusting ► pa-ba-xe (ppábaγe) - I, shpa-ba-xe (špábaγe) - you

► cf. ba (ba) - by pushing; da-ba-xe (dabáγe) - bite in two; di-ba-xe (dibáxe) - break by pulling; ka-ba-xe (kabáγe) - cut (a cord) in two; we-ka-ba-xe (wékabáγe) - mower, grass cutter; naⁿ-ba-xe (nąbáγe) - break a cord with the feet; pa-ba-xe (pábaγe) - cut in two, as a cord; po-ba-xe (póbaγe) - shoot a rope, cord in two

► Dhegiha: ba-ba-xe (bá-ba-xe) - to cut a cord or rope with a knife [FL-Osage]; ba-ba-ghe (babághe) - push apart, pull apart, to break a cord, etc. with the point of a knife or stick pushed firmly against it [Kaw]

 

thrusting, make top heavy by thrusting at

► po-shoⁿ-da-da (póšǫdadá) - make top heavy by thrusting at ► po-a-shoⁿ-da-da (poášǫdadá) - I, po-da-shoⁿ-da-da (pódašǫdadá) - you

► cf. po (pó) - by shooting, blowing, punching, thrusting; shoⁿ-da-da (šǫ́dada) - unsteady, insecure; ba-shoⁿ-da-da (bašǫ́dada) - loosen, destabilize pushing at; bi-shoⁿ-da-da (bišǫ́dada) - upset, make unsteady pressing; ka-shoⁿ-da-da (kašǫ́dada) - undercut by striking, chopping; naⁿ-shoⁿ-da-da (nąšǫ́dadá) - destabilize with the foot; kick loose; pa-shoⁿ-da-da (pášǫdadá) - undercut, undermine; ta-shoⁿ-da-da (tášǫdadá) - top heavy, unsteady by burning

► Dhegiha: shoⁿ-tha (shoⁿthá) - spilled, upset and spilled, tipped over and spilled [Omaha/Ponca]; shoⁿ-shoⁿ-tha (shoⁿshóⁿtha) - loosened in its socket, as a fence post ot a tooth [Omaha/Ponca]; shoⁿ-shoⁿ-tha (shoⁿshoⁿtha) - limber [Omaha]

 

thrusting, miss in shooting or thrusting

► po-knoⁿ-da (póknǫda) - miss in shooting or thrusting ► po-a-knoⁿ-da (póaknǫ́da) - I, po-da-knoⁿ-da (pódaknǫ́da) - you

► cf. po (pó) - by shooting, blowing, punching, thrusting; ba-knoⁿ-da (baknǫ́da) - miss when thrusting at; bi-knoⁿ-da (biknǫ́da) - miss, slip from under; da-knoⁿ-da (daknǫ́da) - snap at and miss; di-kdoⁿ-da (dikdǫ́da) - fumble, let slip, fail to hold; ka-knoⁿ-da (kaknǫ́da) - fail in hitting at something; naⁿ-knoⁿ-da (nąknǫ́da) - kick at and be evaded; pa-knoⁿ-da (páknǫda) - miss cutting something elusive

► Dhegiha: bo-gthoⁿ-tha (bó-gthoⁿ-tha) - to miss a mark [FL-Osage]; bo-laⁿ-ya (bólaⁿya) - miss in shooting punching, or blowing; make a mistake in shooting, punching, or blowing with the mouth [Kaw]; bu-laⁿ-ya (buláⁿya) - miss while trying to jump upon, to press down on an object, as a rabbit, which suddenly jumps aside, going beyond the effect of the pressure [Kaw]

 

thrusting, miss when thrusting at

► ba-knoⁿ-da (baknǫ́da) - miss when thrusting at ► pa-knoⁿ-da (ppáknǫda) - I, shpa-knoⁿ-da (špáknǫda) - you

► cf. ba (ba) - by pushing; bi-knoⁿ-da (biknǫ́da) - miss, slip from under; da-knoⁿ-da (daknǫ́da) - snap at and miss; di-kdoⁿ-da (dikdǫ́da) - fumble, let slip, fail to hold; ka-knoⁿ-da (kaknǫ́da) - fail in hitting at something; naⁿ-knoⁿ-da (nąknǫ́da) - kick at and be evaded; pa-knoⁿ-da (páknǫda) - miss cutting something elusive; po-knoⁿ-da (póknǫda) - miss in shooting or thrusting

► Dhegiha: ba-gthoⁿ-tha (bagthóⁿtha) - to push on an object and miss doing what was intended, to thrust at a foe and miss him because of dodging [Omaha/Ponca]

 

thumb

► naⁿ-pe o-zo-taⁿ-ka (nąpé ózottą́ka) - thumb

► cf. naⁿ-pe o-za (nąpé ozá) - fingers; o (o) - locative, place at which, at a place, culmination of a certain action or state, wherein a certain thing takes place; in, inside, into; taⁿ-ka (ttą́ka) - big, large

► Dhegiha: noⁿ-be hi u-toⁿ-ga (noⁿbe hi utoⁿga) - thumb [Omaha]; noⁿ-be hi u-ʰtoⁿ-ga (noⁿ-be hi u-ṭoⁿ-ga) - thumb [FL-Osage]; naⁿ-bo-taⁿ-ga (naⁿbótáⁿga), noⁿ-bo-taⁿ-ga (noⁿbótaⁿga) - thumb [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: sha-ge u-ʰtoⁿ-ga tse (shá-ge u-ṭoⁿ-ga tse) - thumb, “the large finger” [FL-Osage]; sha-ge o-taⁿ-ga (sháge otáⁿga), sha-ge taⁿ-ga (sháge táⁿga) - thumb, lit. “the big finger” [Kaw]

 

thumb, to flip with forefinger and thumb

► po-ta-xe (póttaγe) - to flip, with forefinger/thumb ► po-a-ta-xe (poattaγe) - I, po-da-ta-xe (pódattaγe) - you

► Dhegiha: bo-da-ghe (bódaghe) - flip [Kaw]

 

thump, drum or thump as on a door

► ba-ko-ke (bakkóke) - drum, thump as on a door ► pa-ko-ke (ppákkoke) - I, shpa-ko-ke (špákkoke) - you

► cf. bi-ko-ke (bikkóke) - drum on something with palm; ga-ko-ke (gákkoke) - pound; ka-ko-ke (kakkóke) - beat a drum; naⁿ-ko-ke (nąkkóke) - drum on ground or floor with feet; po-ko-ke (pókkoke) - rumbling from shooting against

► Dhegiha: ku-ge (kúge) - box, drum [Omaha]; ʰku-ge (ḳu-gé) - sound of a drum when beaten [FL-Osage]; ko-ge (kogé) - hollow sound, like a drum; make a hollow sound [Kaw]

 

thump, make a dull sound

► ka-xa-xa-da (kaxáxada) - thump, make a dull sound ► a-xa-xa-da (áxaxada) - I, da-xa-xa-da (dáxaxada) - you

► cf. di-xa-xa-da (dixáxada) - clatter, noise of planks; ka-ha a-na-xa-da (kkehá anaxáda) - shell shaker, stomp dance shells [MS]

 

thump, stomp, trample, with feet

► naⁿ-ta-xe (nąttáxe) - stomp, trample, thump with feet ► a-naⁿ-ta-xe (aną́taxe) - I, da-naⁿ-ta-xe (daną́ttaxe) - you

► cf. naⁿ (ną) - by action of the foot; ta-xe (táxe) - dried up, dead from heat/cold, used with almost all instrumental prefixes; ba-ta-xe (battáxe) - dry up, root up the soil; bi-ta-xe (bittáxe) - dry up, press dry; da-ta-xe (dattáxe) - dry up from being gnawed; di-ta-xe (dittáxe) - dry out by pulling up, uproot; ka-ta-xe (kattáxe) - crack and die from being cut, as corn; pa-ta-xe (páttaxe) - cut and dry up, e.g. cornstalk; po-ta-xe (póttaxe) - cause to dry up from punching; ta-ta-xe (táttaxe) - dry up and die, as vegetation from the sun

 

thunder

► di-to-to-xi (dittóttoxi) - one of the sounds of thunder

► cf. di-to-xi (dittóxi) - discharge, make a bang; ba-to-xi (battóxi) - burst by punching, pushing; bi-to-xi (bittóxi) - burst from pressure/weight; ka-to-xi (kattóxi) - burst, break open; naⁿ-to-xi (nąttóxi) - step on and burst something; po-to-xi (póttoxi) - burst from a shot or punch; ni po-to-xe (nippóttoxe) - soda pop, “exploding water”; ta-to-xi (táttoxi) - to cause burst by burning

► Dhegiha: thi-tʰu-xi (thitʰúqi) - to make a crackling sound by pulling [Omaha/Ponca]

 

► ka-ni (kaní), ka-niⁿ (kanį) - thunder

► ka-ni (kaní) - thunder [MS]

► ex: ka-ni zhi-ka (kaní žiká) - masculine name, Little Thunder (not, Thunder-being); kahike stete (kahíke stétte) Tall Chief or Lewis Angel, is a chief or ka-hi-ke (kahíke) as well as the principal wa-pi-na (wappína) of the tribe, his subordinate wa-pi-na (wappína) is one of two Kwapa men known as naⁿ-ka to (ną́kka tto) or Green Back, the other being ka-ni zhi-ka (kaní žíka) or Little Thunder [JOD]

► ex: ka-ni zhiⁿ-ka (kaní žįka) - distant thunder; little thunder [OM]

► Dhegiha: u-ga-thiⁿ (ugáthiⁿ) - said of the roar of thunder; a continuous roar of thunder [Omaha/Ponca]

 

► ka-ni-ni (kaníni), ka-niⁿ-niⁿ (kanįnį́), ga-ni-ni (ganiní) - thunder

► ga-ni-ni (ganî́ni) - thunder [ASG]

► ex: ga-ni-ni niⁿ (ganî́nîni) - it thunders [ASG]

► Dhegiha: u-ga-thiⁿ (ugáthiⁿ) - said of the roar of thunder; a continuous roar of thunder [Omaha/Ponca]

 

► taⁿ-naⁿ (tąną́) - thunder, the Kwapa have persons named after the taⁿ-naⁿ (tąną́), i.e. Thunder People who make their abode in the upper world [JOD]

► taⁿ-naⁿ (ton-no) - thunder (tonnerre) [GI]

► taⁿ-naⁿ (tánne) - lightning [ASG]

► ex: taⁿ-naⁿ zhi-ka (tąną́ žiká) - Little Thunder Person or Little Thunder Being, masculine name [JOD]

► cf. taⁿ-daⁿ (ttądą́) - panther, puma, mountain lion, cougar; taⁿ-naⁿ taⁿ-ka (ttą́ną ttą́ka), taⁿ-daⁿ taⁿ-ka (ttą́dą ttą́ka) - mountain lion, puma; iⁿ-taⁿ-daⁿ (įttą́dą) - panther, puma, mountain lion, cougar; iⁿ-ta-naⁿ taⁿ-ka (įttáną ttą́ka) - mountain lion, panther, cougar, puma

 

► taⁿ-naⁿ (tąną́) - masculine name, Levi Goodeagle’s name [JOD, FR]

► cf. taⁿ-naⁿ (tąną́) - thunder; taⁿ-daⁿ (ttądą́) - panther, puma, mountain lion, cougar

 

► taⁿ-naⁿ haⁿ-ka (tąną́ hą́ka), taⁿ-daⁿ haⁿ-ka (ttądą́ hą́ka) - masculine name [JOD]

► cf. taⁿ-naⁿ (tąną́) - thunder; haⁿ-ka (hą́ka) - sacred, holy, ancestral or first

 

Thunder Being

► wa-kaⁿ-ta (wakką́tta) - Thunder-Being, masculine name of the Kwapa wa-kaⁿ-ta (wakką́tta) or Thunder-being gens [JOD]

► wa-kaⁿ-ta (wakką́tta) - spirit, God, thunder being, mysterious, mysterious being, supernatural

► Dhegiha: wa-koⁿ-da (wakóⁿda) - Power, personal name [Omaha]; wa-kaⁿ-da (wakáⁿda) - Thunder God, male name [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: wa-koⁿ-da (wakoⁿda) - God [Omaha]; wa-kaⁿ-da (wakáⁿda) - God, the wonderful or mysterious power [JOD-Omaha]; wa-ʰkoⁿ-da (wa-ḳóⁿ-da) - God; the name applied by the Osage to the mysterious, invisible, creative power which brings into existence all living things of whatever kind [FL-Osage]; wa-ʰkoⁿ-ta (waʰkǫ́ta) - God [CQ-Osage]; wa-kaⁿ-da (wakáⁿda) - god [Kaw]

 

Thunder Being gens (clan)

► wa-kaⁿ-ta e-ni-ʰka-shi-ka (wakką́tta énikkašíka) - the Thunder Being gens (clan), obtained from Alphonsus Valliere, identical to ma-xe ni-ʰka-shi-ka (máxe níkkašíka) - Upper World people, obtained from George Redeagle and Buffalo Calf [JOD]

► cf. wa-kaⁿ-ta (wakką́tta) - spirit, God, thunder being, mysterious, mysterious being, supernatural; e (e) - that, he, she, it, aforementioned; ni-ka-shi-ka (níkkašíka) - person, people, a man, men

► Dhegiha: wa-koⁿ-da (wakoⁿda) - God [Omaha]; wa-kaⁿ-da (wakáⁿda) - God, the wonderful or mysterious power [JOD-Omaha]; wa-ʰkoⁿ-da (wa-ḳóⁿ-da) - God; the name applied by the Osage to the mysterious, invisible, creative power which brings into existence all living things of whatever kind [FL-Osage]; wa-ʰkoⁿ-ta (waʰkǫ́ta) - God [CQ-Osage]; wa-kaⁿ-da (wakáⁿda) - god [Kaw]

 

thunder, Cold Thunder Being

► sni-hi wa-kaⁿ-ta (snihi wakką́tta) - Cold Thunder Being, masculine name [JOD]

► cf. sni (sni) - cold, to be cold; hi (hi) - very; wa-kaⁿ-ta (wakką́tta) - spirit, God, thunder being, mysterious, mysterious being, supernatural

► Dhegiha: sni (s͓ni) - cold, cool [JOD-Omaha]; zni (zni) - cold, cool [Omaha/Ponca]; sni (çni) - cold, cool [Omaha]; hni (hni), sni (çní) - cold, cool [FL-Osage]; hni (hní) - cold [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: hiu (hiu) - several; many; more than one or two [FL-Osage]; hu (húu) - many, lots (of), large amount (of) [CQ-Osage]; hu (hu) - many, much, a lot, a great many [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: wa-koⁿ-da (wakóⁿda) - Power, personal name [Omaha]; wa-kaⁿ-da (wakáⁿda) - Thunder God, male name [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: wa-koⁿ-da (wakoⁿda) - God [Omaha]; wa-kaⁿ-da (wakáⁿda) - God, the wonderful or mysterious power [JOD-Omaha]; wa-ʰkoⁿ-da (wa-ḳóⁿ-da) - God; the name applied by the Osage to the mysterious, invisible, creative power which brings into existence all living things of whatever kind [FL-Osage]; wa-ʰkoⁿ-ta (waʰkǫ́ta) - God [CQ-Osage]; wa-kaⁿ-da (wakáⁿda) - god [Kaw]

 

thunder, Eagle Thunder Being

► xi-da wa-kaⁿ-ta (xidá wakką́tta) - Eagle Thunder Being, masculine name [JOD]

► cf. xi-da (xidá) - eagle; wa-kaⁿ-ta (wakką́tta) - spirit, God, thunder being, mysterious, mysterious being, supernatural

► Dhegiha: xi-tha (qithá) - eagle [Omaha/Ponca]; xi-tha (xithá) - eagle [Omaha]; xi-tha (xi-tha), xiu-tha (xiu-thá), xu-tha (xu-thá) - eagle, golden eagle, the golden eagle figures in the Osage rites as a symbol of courage, the black on the tips of it’s tail feathers represents fire and charcoal [FL-Osage]; xu-tha (xúða), xi-tha (xíða) - eagle [CQ-Osage]; xu-ya (xuyá) - the large white or golden eagle, in this class are four or five other birds [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: wa-koⁿ-da (wakóⁿda) - Power, personal name [Omaha]; wa-kaⁿ-da (wakáⁿda) - Thunder God, male name [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: wa-koⁿ-da (wakoⁿda) - God [Omaha]; wa-kaⁿ-da (wakáⁿda) - God, the wonderful or mysterious power [JOD-Omaha]; wa-ʰkoⁿ-da (wa-ḳóⁿ-da) - God; the name applied by the Osage to the mysterious, invisible, creative power which brings into existence all living things of whatever kind [FL-Osage]; wa-ʰkoⁿ-ta (waʰkǫ́ta) - God [CQ-Osage]; wa-kaⁿ-da (wakáⁿda) - god [Kaw]

 

thunder, Little or Distant Thunder

► ka-ni zhi-ka (kaní žiká) - masculine name, Little Thunder (not, Thunder-being); kahike stete (kahíke stétte) Tall Chief or Lewis Angel, is a chief or ka-hi-ke (kahíke) as well as the principal wa-pi-na (wappína) of the tribe, his subordinate wa-pi-na (wappína) is one of two Kwapa men known as naⁿ-ka to (ną́kka tto) or Green Back, the other being ka-ni zhi-ka (kaní žíka) or Little Thunder [JOD]

► ka-ni zhiⁿ-ka (kaní žįka) - distant thunder; little thunder [OM]

► cf. ka-ni (kaní), ka-niⁿ (kanį) - thunder; zhi-ka (žíka) - small, little, young

► Dhegiha: u-ga-thiⁿ (ugáthiⁿ) - said of the roar of thunder; a continuous roar of thunder [Omaha/Ponca]

 

► knoⁿ zhi-ka (knǫ žike) - little thunder, distant thunder

► ka-noⁿ-zhi-ka (kanǫžíke) - distant thunder

► Dhegiha: gthoⁿ (gthoⁿ) - thunder; Thunder Diety [FL-Osage]; loⁿ (lǫ́ǫ) - thunder [CQ-Osage]; lo (lo) - thunder [Kaw]

 

thunder, Little Thunder Being or Person

► taⁿ-naⁿ zhi-ka (tąną́ žiká) - Little Thunder Person or Little Thunder Being, masculine name [JOD]

► cf. taⁿ-naⁿ (tąną́) - thunder; zhi-ka (žíka) - small, little, young

► Dhegiha: iⁿ-gthoⁿ (iⁿgthóⁿ) - the thundergod: thunderbirds etc. [Omaha/Ponca]; gthoⁿ (gthoⁿ) - thunder deity [FL-Osage]; loⁿ (lǫǫ) - thunder [CQ-Osage]; lo (lo) - thunder, thunder god [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: iⁿ-gthoⁿ-ga (iⁿgthóⁿga) - the cougar, puma, or panther [Omaha/Ponca]; iⁿ-gthoⁿ-ga (iⁿgthúⁿga) - cat; wild cat [Omaha]; iⁿ-gthoⁿ-ga (iⁿ-gthóⁿ-ga) - puma [FL-Osage]; iⁿ-loⁿ-ka (ilǫ́ǫka) - wildcat [CQ-Osage]

 

thunder, Loud Rolling Thunder

► ka-ni taⁿ-ka (kaní ttą́ka) - rolling thunder; loud, hard thunder, also personal name of Charles Goodeagle [FR, OM]

► ka-ni taⁿ-ka (kaní ttą́ka) - masculine name [JOD]

► ka-niⁿ taⁿ-ka (kanį ttą́ka) - loud rolling thunder

► cf. ka-ni (kaní), ka-niⁿ (kanį) - thunder; taⁿ-ka (ttą́ka) - big, large

► Dhegiha: u-ga-thiⁿ (ugáthiⁿ) - said of the roar of thunder; a continuous roar of thunder [Omaha/Ponca]

 

thunder, Rain Thunder Being

► ni-zhi wa-kaⁿ-ta (niží wakką́tta) - Rain Thunder Being, masculine name [JOD]

► cf. ni-zhi (niží) - rain; wa-kaⁿ-ta (wakką́tta) - spirit, God, thunder being, mysterious, mysterious being, supernatural

► Dhegiha: na-zhiⁿ (nazhiⁿ) - rain, to rain [Omaha/Ponca]; noⁿ-zhiⁿ (noⁿzhiⁿ) - rain [Omaha]; na-zhiⁿ (na-jíⁿ) - to rain, rain [JOD-Omaha]; ni-zhiu (ni-zhiú), ni-zhu (ni-zhu) - rain [FL-Osage]; ni-zhu (níižu) - rain, to rain [CQ-Osage]; ni-zhu (nizhú), nu-zhu (nuzhú) - rain; to rain [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: wa-koⁿ-da (wakóⁿda) - Power, personal name [Omaha]; wa-kaⁿ-da (wakáⁿda) - Thunder God, male name [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: wa-koⁿ-da (wakoⁿda) - God [Omaha]; wa-kaⁿ-da (wakáⁿda) - God, the wonderful or mysterious power [JOD-Omaha]; wa-ʰkoⁿ-da (wa-ḳóⁿ-da) - God; the name applied by the Osage to the mysterious, invisible, creative power which brings into existence all living things of whatever kind [FL-Osage]; wa-ʰkoⁿ-ta (waʰkǫ́ta) - God [CQ-Osage]; wa-kaⁿ-da (wakáⁿda) - god [Kaw]

 

thunder, The Thunder Being Passed on or Advanced

► wa-ʰkaⁿ-ʰta tʰi-de (wakką́tta tʰidé) - The Thunder Being Passed On; The Thunder Being Advanced

masculine name of the Kwapa wa-zhiⁿ-ka (wažį́ka) or Bird gens; the first name of Alphonsus Valliere [JOD]

► cf. wa-kaⁿ-ta (wakką́tta) - spirit, God, thunder being, mysterious, mysterious being, supernatural; tʰi-de (tʰidé) - pass by; come forth at birth; to begin suddenly

► Dhegiha: wa-koⁿ-da (wakóⁿda) - Power, personal name [Omaha]; wa-kaⁿ-da (wakáⁿda) - Thunder God, male name [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: wa-koⁿ-da (wakoⁿda) - God [Omaha]; wa-kaⁿ-da (wakáⁿda) - God, the wonderful or mysterious power [JOD-Omaha]; wa-ʰkoⁿ-da (wa-ḳóⁿ-da) - God; the name applied by the Osage to the mysterious, invisible, creative power which brings into existence all living things of whatever kind [FL-Osage]; wa-ʰkoⁿ-ta (waʰkǫ́ta) - God [CQ-Osage]; wa-kaⁿ-da (wakáⁿda) - god [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: tʰi-the (ti-¢é) - pass; to begin, commence, or start suddenly; to come forth, as an infant at birth [JOD-Omaha]; tsi-the (tsi-the), ʰtsi-e (ṭsi-e) - passing by [FL-Osage]; ʰtsi-the (ṭsi-thé) - he hastened, he began, denoting sudden action [FL-Osage]; chi-ye (chiyé) - suddenly, action in this direction [Kaw]

 

thunder, Thunder Being Chief

► wa-kaⁿ-ta ka-hi-ke (wakką́tta kahíke) - Thunder-Being Chief, masculine name of the Kwapa oⁿ-pʰoⁿ (ǫ́pʰǫ) or Elk gens; a name of John Medicine, as told by him, Dec. 20, 1890. His other name was oⁿ-pʰoⁿ wa-ʰkaⁿ-ʰta (ǫ́pʰǫ wakką́tta). He belongs to the o-ka-xpa xti (okáxpa xti) or Real Kwapa village or phratry of the tribe [JOD]

► cf. wa-kaⁿ-ta (wakką́tta) - spirit, God, thunder being, mysterious, mysterious being, supernatural; ka-hi-ke (kahíke) - chief

► Dhegiha: wa-koⁿ-da (wakóⁿda) - Power, personal name [Omaha]; wa-kaⁿ-da (wakáⁿda) - Thunder God, male name [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: wa-koⁿ-da (wakoⁿda) - God [Omaha]; wa-kaⁿ-da (wakáⁿda) - God, the wonderful or mysterious power [JOD-Omaha]; wa-ʰkoⁿ-da (wa-ḳóⁿ-da) - God; the name applied by the Osage to the mysterious, invisible, creative power which brings into existence all living things of whatever kind [FL-Osage]; wa-ʰkoⁿ-ta (waʰkǫ́ta) - God [CQ-Osage]; wa-kaⁿ-da (wakáⁿda) - god [Kaw]

 

thunder, Young Thunder Being

► wa-kaⁿ-ta zhi-ka (wakką́tta žíka) - Young Thunder Being, masculine name of the Kwapa wa-ʰkaⁿ-ʰta (wakką́tta) Thunder Beings gens [JOD]

► cf. wa-kaⁿ-ta (wakką́tta) - spirit, God, thunder being, mysterious, mysterious being, supernatural; zhi-ka (žíka) - small, little, young

► Dhegiha: wa-koⁿ-da (wakóⁿda) - Power, personal name [Omaha]; wa-kaⁿ-da (wakáⁿda) - Thunder God, male name [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: wa-koⁿ-da (wakoⁿda) - God [Omaha]; wa-kaⁿ-da (wakáⁿda) - God, the wonderful or mysterious power [JOD-Omaha]; wa-ʰkoⁿ-da (wa-ḳóⁿ-da) - God; the name applied by the Osage to the mysterious, invisible, creative power which brings into existence all living things of whatever kind [FL-Osage]; wa-ʰkoⁿ-ta (waʰkǫ́ta) - God [CQ-Osage]; wa-kaⁿ-da (wakáⁿda) - god [Kaw]

 

Thursday

► shka-te haⁿ-ba (škátte hą́ba) - Thursday, lit. “play day”

► shka-te haⁿ-ba (škátte hą́ba) - Thursday [MS]

► cf. shka-te (škátte) - play; haⁿ-ba (hą́ba), hoⁿ-ba (hǫ́ba), hoⁿ-pa (hǫ́pa), haⁿ-pa (hą́pa) - day, daytime

 

thus, accordingly, in that way, then, therefore, so

► koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ (kóišǫ́ttą), (kóišǫ́tta), (kóišǫttą) - so, thus, accordingly, in that way, then, therefore

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ, a-shi-ti hi, i-ya, wa-sa niⁿ (kóišǫ́ttą, ášitti hí, iyá, wasá nį) - thus, the black bear went outside, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ a-shi toⁿ-we-ki-ki shoⁿ-niⁿ wa-shkaⁿ kde shoⁿ-niⁿ hi-pʰe i-ya-we (kóišǫ́ttą áši tǫ́wekikí šǫnį́ wašką́ kdé šǫnį́ hipʰé iyáwe) - then she looked back at him repeatedly as she tried with all her might to get home, she fell, they say [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ zho bdo-ka hi we-s’a o-do-hi i-ya-we, we-s’a-xti kde-zhe pe-xe ttaⁿ e-koⁿ o-do-hi i-ya-we (kóišǫ́ttą žo bdóka hi wésʔa odóhi iyáwe, wésʔaxti kdežé ppéγe ttą ekǫ́ odóhi iyáwe) - then her entire flesh/body turned into a snake, they say, turned into a rattlesnake (spotted real snake) with a rattle, like that, they say [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ maⁿ-te aⁿ-ko-ka-shke kʰe a-shka hi a-kdi (kóišǫ́ttą mątté ąkókašké kʰe áška hí akdí) - then I had come back, very close to where we tied the canoe [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ e-zhaⁿ-ke e-zhi pa, “wa-hiⁿ-ska ho-taⁿ hi aⁿ-ki-niⁿ kdi ni-he,” i-ye pa (kóišǫ́ttą ežą́ke éži pá, “wahį́ska hóttą hi ą́kinį kdí-nihé,” iyé pa) - then his step-daughters said, “bring back some really good calico cloth” [JOD]

 

thus, always this

► de shoⁿ-zho-ki-de (de šǫžókidé) - this always, thus [JOD]

► cf. de (de) - this; shoⁿ-zhoⁿ-ki-de (šǫžǫ́kide), shoⁿ-zho-ki-de (šǫžókide) - always, ever, never

► ex: hoⁿ-zhi, wi-te-ke, de shoⁿ-zho-ki-de (hǫží, wítteké, de šǫžókidé) - no, uncle (my mother’s brother), it is always thus [JOD]

► Dhegiha: shoⁿ-shoⁿ (shóⁿshoⁿ) - always, ever, unceasing, enduring [Omaha/Ponca]; shoⁿ-shoⁿ (shóⁿ-shoⁿ), shoⁿ-shoⁿ-e (shóⁿ-shoⁿ-e) - forever, always, without stopping [FL-Osage]; shoⁿ-shoⁿ (šǫ́šǫ), shoⁿ-shoⁿ-we (šǫ́šǫwe) - always, forever, during that time, refers to something going on and on through time, uninterruptedly [CQ-Osage]; shoⁿ-shoⁿ (shóⁿshoⁿ) - always, ever, continually [Kaw]

 

thus, are you thus

► she-tʰe-ką́ (šétʰeką́) - are you thus [JOD]

► cf. she-tʰe (šétʰe) - this singular or collection/standing/inanimate; she (šé) - that; tʰe (tʰe) - the singular/standing/inanimate, collective/inanimate; the act; past, completive aspect; e-koⁿ (ekǫ́), (ékǫ), e-kaⁿ (eką́), (eką), a-kaⁿ (áką) - so, like, as, thus, like that

► ex: haⁿ-tʰaⁿ she-tʰe-ką́ (hą́tʰą šétʰeką́) - why are you thus? [JOD]

► Dhegiha: she-tʰe-goⁿ (shétʰegoⁿ) - like that visible standing inanimate object or collection of inanimate objects [Omaha/Ponca]

► Dhegiha: she-goⁿ (shégoⁿ) - of that sort or kind; to do that [Omaha/Ponca]; she-goⁿ (shé-goⁿ) - that kind or sort [FL-Osage]

 

thus, like that, so, like, as

► e-koⁿ (ekǫ́), (ékǫ), e-kaⁿ (eką́), (eką), a-kaⁿ (áką) - so, like, as, thus, like that

► ex: e-shoⁿ shi e-koⁿ, t’e-di-da-we,” i-ye niⁿ, i-ya (ešǫ́ ši ekǫ́, tʔédidawĕ,” iyé nį, iyá) - then you went and thus, they killed you,” she was saying, it is said [JOD]

► ex: e-shoⁿ e-koⁿ i-ke taⁿ, (ešǫ́ ekǫ́ iké tą,) - and when he had thus spoken, [JOD]

► Dhegiha: e-gaⁿ (e-gáⁿ) - as; so; that being the case [JOD-Omaha]; e-gaⁿ (é-gaⁿ) - so; to be so; to do as another has said or done; to be as another has said; used as the equivilant of the English adverbial ending, -ly (like); as, so; for the same purpose; used in forming a strong imperative; used in formimg a strong optative [JOD-Omaha]; e-goⁿ (egoⁿ) - as, like, kind, type, certainly, action [Omaha]; e-goⁿ (e-goⁿ) - like [FL-Osage]; e-koⁿ (ékǫ) - like, similar to, like that, likewise, similarly, somewhat, kind of, rather, slightly, a bit, right, correctly, correct, appropriate, appropriately, that is right, true!, correct!, that’s the way!, thus, therefore, mean, signify, happen, be so, be as [CQ-Osage]; e-go (égo) - like, as, so; to be that kind, be such [Kaw]

 

tibia

► hi-naⁿ-pe-hi wa-hi (hinąppéhi wahí) - tibia

► cf. hi (hi) - stalk, tree, bush, vine, leg, trunk; wa-hi (wahí) - bone

► Dhegiha: noⁿ-xpe-hi (noⁿxpehi) - shin [Omaha]; noⁿ-xpe-hi (nóⁿ-xpe-hi) - that part of the leg between the knee and the ankle; the shin [FL-Osage]; na-xpe-hu (náxpehu) - shin; tibia and fibula (the two bones of the lower leg) [Kaw]; na-xpe (náxpe) - leg below the knee, lower leg; spit to hold meat over a flame [Kaw]

 

tick (insect)

► ta-da-zi-pa (ttádazíppa) - tick (insect)

► ta-da-zi-pa (ttádazíppa) - tick (insect) [MS]

► Dhegiha: ta-tha-za-pʰa (táthazápʰa) - a wood-tick [Omaha/Ponca]; ʰta-tha-za-pʰa (ṭá-tha-ça-pa) - a wood tick [FL-Osage]; ta-ze-pa (tázepá) - tick [Kaw]

 

tickle and make laugh

► di-sh’iⁿ-da (dišʔį́da) - tickle and make laugh ► bdi-sh’iⁿ-da (bdíšʔįda) - I, ti-sh’iⁿ-da (ttíšʔįda) - you

► cf. shi-we di-sh’iⁿ-sh’iⁿ-da (šíwe dišʔį́šʔįda) - tickle the ribs; di-sh’iⁿ-sh’iⁿ-da (dišʔį́šʔįda) - tickle the ribs repeatedly; di-x’i-x’i-da (dixʔíxʔida) - scratch an itch

► Dhegiha: thi-’i-’i-tha (thi’í’itha) - tickle, to tickle someone [Omaha/Ponca]; shi-be thi-i-tha (shíbe thi ítha) - tickle [Omaha]; thi-ʰk’i-tha (thi-ḳ’í-tha) - to tickle [FL-Osage]; thi-k’i-the (ðikʔíðe) - scratch, tickle [CQ-Osage]; yu-k’i-k’i-ya (yuk’ík’iya) - scratch an itch repeatedly, to tickle [Kaw]; yu-k’i-ya (yuk’íya) - scratch an itch once [Kaw]

 

tickle the ribs

► shi-we di-sh’iⁿ-sh’iⁿ-da (šíwe dišʔį́šʔįda) - tickle the ribs

► cf. shi-we (šíwe), shiu-we (šǘwe), shu-we (šúwe) - guts, entrails; di-sh’iⁿ-sh’iⁿ-da (dišʔį́šʔįda) - tickle the ribs repeatedly

► Dhegiha: shi-be thi-’i-’i-tha (cibe ¢i’i’i¢a) - to tickle him in the ribs [JOD-Omaha]; shi-be thi-’i-tha (shíbe thi ítha) - tickle [Omaha]

► Dhegiha: shi-be (shíbe) - entrails, intestines, guts, innards [Omaha/Ponca]; shi-be (shíbe) - bowels, intestines [Omaha]; shi-be (cí-be) - the entrails [JOD-Omaha]; shi-be (shí-be), shiu-be (shiú-be), shu-be (shú-be) - entrails, the viscera, intestines [FL-Osage]; shu-pe (šúpe) - intestines, appendix, colon, entrails, insides, stomach area, stomach [CQ-Osage]; shu-we (shúwe), shu-be (shúbe) - guts, intestines, entrails [Kaw]

 

tickle the ribs repeatedly

► di-sh’iⁿ-sh’iⁿ-da (dišʔį́šʔįda) - tickle the ribs repeatedly ► bdi-sh’iⁿ-sh’iⁿ-da (bdíšʔįšʔįda) - I, ti-sh’iⁿ- sh’iⁿ-da (ttíšʔįšʔįda) - you

► cf. di-sh’iⁿ-da (dišʔį́da) - tickle and make laugh; di-x’i-x’i-da (dixʔíxʔida) - scratch an itch

► Dhegiha: thi-’i-’i-tha (¢i-’í-’í-¢a) - to tickle another [JOD-Omaha]; yu-k’i-k’i-ya (yuk’ík’iya) - scratch an itch repeatedly, to tickle [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: thi-k’i-tha (thi-ḳ’í-tha) - to tickle [FL-Osage]; thi-k’i-the (ðikʔíðe) - scratch; tickle [CQ-Osage]; yu-k’i-ya (yuk’íya) - scratch an itch once [Kaw]

 

tie a knot

► a-ka-shke (ákaške) - tie a knot ► a-a-ka-shke (áakaške) - I, a-da-ka-shke (ádakaške) - you, aⁿ-ko-ka-shke (ąkókašké) - we, I and one other

► cf. iⁿ-kʰe de-di ka-shke (įkʰé dédi kašké) - tie for fastening a robe; di-shke (dišké) - untie, loosen, open; o-kda-shke (okdáške) - to tie/fasten one’s own [JOD]

► ex: i-pi-da-taⁿ e-ti a-ka-shke (íppidáttą étti ákaške) - he tied it on/to his belt [JOD]

► ex: aⁿ-ko-ka-shke (ąkókašké) - we (dual) fastened it [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ maⁿ-te aⁿ-ko-ka-shke kʰe a-shka hi a-kdi (kóišǫ́ttą mątté ąkókašké kʰe áška hí akdí) - then I had come back, very close to where we tied the canoe [JOD]

► ex: a-ki-ka-shka-i (ákikaškái) - he fastened his own to it [JOD]

► ex: i-pi-da-taⁿ-ti a-ki-ka-shka-i taⁿ o-zha tʰe tʰi-de (íppidáttąttí ákikaškái tą óža tʰe tʰidé) - he fastened it (his own) to his belt and began dancing [JOD]

► ex: ma-te aⁿ-ko-kda-shka taⁿ shi-a-pe aⁿ-ka-de (mątté ąkókdašká tą šiápe ąkáde) - we (dual) tied up our canoe and went ashore [JOD]

► Dhegiha: a-ga-shke (á-ga-cke) - to button, to tie a knot [JOD-Omaha]; a-ga-shke (ágashke) - buckle, button, pin [Omaha]; a-ga-shke (á-ga-shke) - to tie a knot, to tie a scalp lock on a pole [FL-Osage]; a-ka-shke (ákaške) - tie to something, tie up (as a horse), tie a knot [CQ-Osage]; a-ga-shke (ágashke) - tie something, tie on, to tie a knot [Kaw]

 

tie for fastening a robe

► iⁿ-kʰe de-di ka-shke (įkʰé dédi kašké) - tie for fastening a robe

► cf. iⁿ-kʰe-te (įkʰétte) - shoulder; di (di) - cause by using the hands; general causative; a-ka-shke (ákaške) - tie a knot

► Dhegiha: iⁿ-kshe-dse a-ga-shke (iⁿ-kshé-dse a-ga-shke) - the stick used as a pin for fastening the blanket at the shoulder [FL-Osage]; i-khe-je ga-shke (ikhéje gashké) - tie used to fasten a robe around the shoulders [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: iⁿ-ke-de (iⁿkéde) - shoulder [Omaha]; iⁿ-ke-de (iñ-ké-de) - a shoulder [JOD-Omaha]; iⁿ-kshe-de (iⁿ-kshé-de) - shoulder [FL-Osage]; i-khe-je (ikhéje) - the two parts of a tent that are fastened together with small pieces of rope; the two parts of a shirt or coat that are fastened together with buttons; shoulder (less common term) [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: a-ga-shke (ágashke) - buckle, button, pin [Omaha]; a-ga-shke (á-ga-cke) - to button; to tie a knot [JOD-Omaha]; a-ga-shke (á-ga-shke) - to tie a knot, to tie a scalp lock on a pole [FL-Osage]; a-ka-shke (ákaške) - tie to something, tie up, tie a knot [CQ-Osage]; a-ga-shke (ágashke) - tie something, tie on, to tie a knot [Kaw]

 

tie in a knot

► a-di-k’a-se-de (ádikʔásede) - tie in a knot

► cf. a-di-k’a-se-de ni-ke (ádikʔásede niké) - knot, a hard knot

 

tie tightly leaving mark or dent

► di-ski-ta (diskítta) - dent, tie tightly leaving mark ► bdi-ski-ta (bdískitta) - I, ti-ski-ta (ttískitta) - you

► Dhegiha: thi-sku-da (thiskúda) - mark by tying or drawing rope over, to mark across the grain by tying or drawing a rope over the surface [Omaha/Ponca]; thi-ski-da (thi-çkí-da) - to tie something tightly, to make an indention [FL-Osage]; yu-ski-da (yuskída) - mark, make a mark with the hands, to make a groove or depression in a bag, or a mark on the leg of a person or animal by tying it very tightly [Kaw]

 

tie, necktie

► wa-naⁿ-’iⁿ (waną́ʔį) - necklace, necktie, neckerchief

► wa-naⁿ-’iⁿ (waną́ʔį) - necklace [MS]

► wa-naⁿ-’iⁿ (wŭ nŭ ī) - medicine necklace [MH]

► wa-naⁿ-’íⁿ (waną́ʔį) - beads, “something worn around the neck” [MS, OM]

► cf. naⁿ-’iⁿ (nąʔį́) - wear around the neck

► ex: ma-ze-ska ka-sta wa-naⁿ-’iⁿ (mazéska kásta waną́ʔį) - silver breast ornament (gorget), from Harrison Quapaw [MH]

► ex: to-te wa-na-’iⁿ (tótte waną́ʔį) - necklace

► ex: wa-naⁿ-’iⁿ a-ba-tʰe (waną́ʔį abátʰe) - necklace made of beadwork that is sewed on

► ex: wa-naⁿ-’iⁿ si zhi-ka (waną́ʔį sížiká) - small beads

► ex: wa-zhiⁿ-ka pa-si to-te wa-naⁿ-’iⁿ (wažį́ka ppási tótte waną́ʔį) - bird’s beak necklace

► ex: wa-zhiⁿ-ka sha-ke to-te wa-naⁿ-’iⁿ (wažį́ka šáke tótte waną́ʔį) - birds’ claw necklace

► Dhegiha: wa-noⁿ-p’iⁿ (wanóⁿp’iⁿ) - necklace, man’s necklace; something worn around a man’s neck [Omaha/Ponca]; wa-noⁿ-p’iⁿ (wanoⁿp’iⁿ) - choker, necklace, necktie [Omaha]; wa-noⁿ-ʰp’iⁿ (wa-noⁿ-p̣’iⁿ) - necklace, these were made of shells, nuts of trees, elk teeth, pendants were made of mussel shells also, this is also applied to the symbolic neck ornament, gorget [FL-Osage]; wa-noⁿ-p’iⁿ (wanǫ́pʔį) - necklace, gorget, choker, medallion, medal, something worn around the neck [CQ-Osage]; wa-naⁿ-p’iⁿ (wanáⁿp’iⁿ) - necklace, a general word used for all ornaments [Kaw]

 

till, cooked till done

► ti-te (titté) - cooked till done [JOD]

► ti-te (títte) - ripe, cooked

► cf. ti-te-de (títtede) - cook something; wa-ti-te (watítte) - mush, “boiled until done”

► ex: o-ki-hoⁿ ti-te naⁿ wa-naⁿ-bde niⁿ-kʰe (ókihǫ títte ną waną́bde nįkʰé) - when done boiling/cooking, he ate [JOD]

► ex: ti-te-ki-de naⁿ kda-ta-we (títtekíde ną kdatáwe) - when it was done, they ate it (their own) [JOD]

► ex: o-ki-haⁿ naⁿ ti-te-ki-de naⁿ kda-ta-we (okíhą ną títtekíde ną kdatáwe) - she boiled/cooked (her own food), when she had cooked it, they ate it (their own) [JOD]

► ex: ti-te-ki-de (títtekidé) - she caused her own to be done [JOD]

► ex: ti-te-ki-da-zhi (títtekidáži) - she had not caused it to be done [JOD]

► Dhegiha: niⁿ-de (níⁿ-de) - cooked till done, as food; burnt or frozen, as parts of the body or the face, by exposure to heat or cold; blistered, as by a mustard plaster or fly blister [JOD-Omaha]; niⁿ-de (niⁿ-de) - ripe, cooked [Omaha]; niⁿ-je (níⁿje) - cooked [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: dsi-dse (dsiú-dse) - ripe; mature; as applied to fruit or grain [FL-Osage]; dsu-dse (dsú-dse) - mellow; softened with ripeness; cooked well done [FL-Osage]; tsu-tse (cúuce) - done; cooked; ripe, mellow, mature; cook well done [CQ-Osage]; ju-je (júje) - cooked, done, as when fully cooked; burned, blistered [Kaw]

 

till, plow

► we (we) - plow, till [JOD]

► ex: wa-we (wáwe) - they tilled the ground [JOD]

► Dhegiha: we (we) - to plow [FL-Osage]; we (we) - plow, to plow [Kaw]

 

till, until

► shoⁿ-hi (šǫ́hi) - till, until [JOD]

► ex: aⁿ-mi-zhi-ka taⁿ-hi a-hi-bda shoⁿ-hi aⁿ-naⁿ-haⁿ (ąmížiká tąhí ahíbda šǫ́hi ą́nąhą́) - though/when I was a young girl, I bathed (in the creek/river) until I was grown [JOD]

 

timbers, cross timbers of house

► sa-ti o-kdaⁿ oⁿ-he (sátti ókdą ǫhé) - joists, cross timbers of house

► cf. sa-ti o-kdaⁿ (sátti ókdą), sa-ti o-knaⁿ (sátti ókną) - ceiling of a house; rafter; o-knaⁿ (okną́), o-kdaⁿ (ókdą) - put into; oⁿ-he (ǫhé) - lay sg/ly/in inside something, put

 

time when

► na (na), naⁿ (ną) - when, time when

► naⁿ (ną), noⁿ (nǫ) - past sign, when, past act [JOD]

► ex: de naⁿ (de ną) - went/when [JOD]

► ex: de naⁿ ma-shtiⁿ-ke niⁿ zho-kde de, i-ya (de ną maštį́ke nį žokdé de, iyá) - he departed, accompanied by the Rabbit, it is said [JOD]

► ex: de naⁿ wa-koⁿ-da naⁿ (dé-ną wákkǫdá) - went/when/he attacked them [JOD]

► ex: e-shoⁿ e-ti de naⁿ wa-koⁿ-da naⁿ i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (ešǫ́ étti dé-ną wákkǫdá-ną iyá maštį́ke) - then Rabbit went there and attacked the game, it is said [JOD]

► ex: ti-te-de naⁿ (títtede-ną́) - caused to be cooked/when [JOD]

► ex: ti-te-de naⁿ o-zhi o-ki-zhi tʰaⁿ i-ya, ni-ka-shi-ka zho tʰe (títtede-ną́ óži ókiži tʰą iyá, níkkašíka žó tʰe) - when it was done, she filled the bowl for him (Rabbit) with the human flesh [JOD]

► ex: o-naⁿ-bde kda-sniⁿ naⁿ (ónąbde kdasnį́ ną) - food/he devoured/when [JOD]

► ex: o-naⁿ-bde kda-sniⁿ naⁿ, shi-naⁿ ta-bde de ta-we, i-yi i-ya sni-wa-te (ónąbde kdasnį́ ną, šíną tábde dé ttawé, iyí iyá sniwátte) - when all the food had been consumed, it is said that Winter spoke of going hunting again [JOD]

► ex: wa-koⁿ-da naⁿ (wákkǫdá ną) - then he attacked them/when [JOD]

► ex: e-shoⁿ wa-koⁿ-da naⁿ te miⁿ t’e-de naⁿ, i-ya (ešǫ́ wákkǫdá ną tté mį tʔéde ną, iyá) - then when he (Rabbit) attacked the game, he killed a buffalo, it is said [JOD]

► ex: kʰi-naⁿ (kʰí-ną) - reached home/when [JOD]

► ex: ni-ka-shi-ka ni-kʰa wa-k’iⁿ kʰi-naⁿ, o-wa-hoⁿ, i-ya (níkkašíka nikʰá wakʔį́ kʰí-ną, ówahǫ, iyá) - when he (Winter) returned to his home carrying the Indians, she (Winter’s wife) cooked them, it is said [JOD]

► ex: ka-xe naⁿ (káγe ną) - made/when [JOD]

► ex: sni-wa-te shi-naⁿ sni-wa-te hi ka-xe naⁿ, shi-naⁿ de, i-ya (sniwátte šíną sniwátte hí káγe ną, šíną dé, iyá) - Winter made it very cold again and again departed, it is said [JOD]

 

time, a long time ago

► ti-aⁿ-he (ttią́he) - long ago

► cf. ti-aⁿ-zhi (ttią́ži) - not a long time, soon [JOD]

 

► ti-aⁿ-hi (ttią́hi) - a long time, a very long time, long ago, for a long time [JOD]

► jhi-aⁿ-hi (jhią́hi), zhoⁿ-hi (žǫ́hí) - longtime [OM]

► cf. ti-aⁿ-zhi (ttią́ži) - not a long time, soon [JOD]

► ex: e-kaⁿ niⁿ-kʰe-ti ti-aⁿ-hi ki-zhi i-ya ma-shti-ke (eką́ nį́kʰétti ttią́hi kíži iyá maštį́ke) - rabbit had not returned to his grandmother for a long time, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: de-do ti-aⁿ-hi kaⁿ-miⁿ-kʰe maⁿ (dédo ttią́hi ką́-mįkʰé mą́) - I have been dwelling here a very long time [JOD]

 

► ti-aⁿ-ti (ttią́tti) - in the olden times, old time [JOD]

► cf. ti-aⁿ-zhi (ttią́ži) - not a long time, soon [JOD]

► ex: ti-aⁿ-ti taⁿ (ttią́tti tą) - in the olden times/when [JOD]

► ex: ti-aⁿ-ti e-koⁿ pa naⁿ i-ya-we (ttiąttí ekǫ́ pá ną iyáwe) - in the olden times they were like that, they say [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ pa naⁿ, ti-aⁿ-ti we-da-niⁿ pa naⁿ (kóišǫ pá ną, ttią́tti wédanį pá ną) - that is how they did/were, in the olden times that’s how they dressed [JOD]

► Dhegiha: i-tʰoⁿ-thi-á-di (itʰóⁿthiádi) - of old, in olden times [Omaha/Ponca]

 

time, a short time ago

► di-o-za (dióza) - just now, a short time ago

► di-o-za (dióza) - in a little while; a little while ago [JOD]

► ex: “di-e-taⁿ di-o-za t’e-da-de tʰe ho-taⁿ ni-tʰe,” i-yi i-ya (“díettą dióza tʔédadé tʰe hóttą nitʰé,” iyí iyá) - “it would be good if it had been you that had recently killed it,” it is said she said (The words of the old woman are not to be taken literally. Even though she doubted him, she was proud of what the rabbit said he had done and was praising him.  Though he was deformed, he had done what should have been done long ago by others.) [JOD]

► ex: di-o-za hi (dióza hí) - in a little while/very [JOD]

► ex: naⁿ-zha di-o-za hi o-xde (ną́ža dióza hí oxdé) - then in a very short time he overtook her [JOD]

 

► o-di-o-za (ódióza) - in a little while [JOD]

► ex: o-di-o-za hi (odióza hí) - in a little while/very [JOD]

► ex: naⁿ-zha o-di-o-za hi o-do-tʰe tʰi ki-ha (ną́ža ódióza hí ódotʰe tʰí kihá) - then, in a very short time the man eater had come [JOD]

► ex: bdo-ka o-di-o-za hi o-wa-xde (bdoká odióza hí ówaxde) - in a very short time, he overtook the entire group [JOD]

 

time, after some time

► e-shaⁿ-hi (ešąhí) - at length, after some time [JOD]

► cf. e-shaⁿ (éšą), e-shoⁿ (ešǫ́) - then, at length; e-shaⁿ-taⁿ (ešą́ttą) - then, at that time; e-shoⁿ-we (ešǫ́we) - then

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ e-shoⁿ-hi naⁿ-haⁿ zhi-ka hi taⁿ naⁿ (kóišǫ́ttą ešǫhí nąhą́ žiká hí tą́ ną) - then, after some time, she grew a little larger (a little older) [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ e-shoⁿ-hi aⁿ-kniⁿ (kóišǫ́ttą ešǫhí ąknį́) - then after awhile we camped [JOD]

► ex: de niⁿ e-shoⁿ-hi haⁿ-ka toⁿ niⁿkʰe-ti hi (de nį́ ešǫhí hą́ka ttǫ nįkʰétti hí) - after he was going for some time, he arrived at the Haⁿ-ka village [JOD]

► ex: e-shoⁿ-hi wa-zhiⁿ-ka zho-hi hi t’e-da-we (ešǫ́hi wažį́ka žóhi hí tʔédawe) - after some time, they killed many birds [JOD]

► ex: ni o-ha naⁿ kde e-shoⁿ-hi ki, i-ya-we (ní ohá ną kdé éšǫhi kí, iyáwe) - she followed the course of the stream/water heading home, after some time she reached home, they say [JOD]

► ex: naⁿ-zha i-de i-ya-we, o-te shoⁿ-niⁿ i-de, i-ya-we (ną́ža íde iyáwe, otté šǫ-nį́ íde, iyáwe) - then, after he had sought him for some time, he found him, they said [JOD]

 

► shoⁿ-ni-kʰa (šǫ-nikʰá) - after they had been so awhile [JOD]

► cf. ni-kʰa (nikʰa) - they, 3^rd person plural continuative sitting; ni-kʰa (nikʰá) - they who sit; they were (plural classifier); the reclining ones [JOD]

 

► shoⁿ-niⁿ (šǫ-nį́) - as she moved, after he ran awhile, after he moved awhile [JOD]

► cf. niⁿ (nį) - 3^rd person singular, he or she continuative moving; niⁿ (nį) - the singular/moving/animate

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ a-shi toⁿ-we-ki-ki shoⁿ-niⁿ wa-shkaⁿ kde shoⁿ-niⁿ hi-pʰe i-ya-we (kóišǫ́ttą áši tǫ́wekikí šǫnį́ wašką́ kdé šǫnį́ hipʰé iyáwe) - then she looked back at him repeatedly as she tried with all her might to get home, she fell, they say [JOD]

► ex: shka-te shoⁿ-niⁿ naⁿ-zha ma-sa-ni-taⁿ ni-ka-shi-ka miⁿ ki-baⁿ hi-de (škátte šǫ-nį́ ną́ža másanítą níkkašíka mį́ kíbą híde) - after he had been playing awhile, a person called to him from the other side (of the river) [JOD]

► ex: naⁿ-zha i-de i-ya-we, o-te shoⁿ-niⁿ i-de, i-ya-we (ną́ža íde iyáwe, otté šǫ-nį́ íde, iyáwe) - then, after he had sought him for some time, he found him, they said [JOD]

 

► shoⁿ-niⁿ-kʰe (šǫ́-nįkʰé) - after sitting awhile

► cf. niⁿ-kʰe (nįkʰé) - he/she/it, 3^rd person singular continuative sitting; niⁿ-kʰe (nįkʰe) - the singular/sitting/animate or inanimate

► ex: e-ti da-tʰe shoⁿ-niⁿ-kʰe taⁿ-niⁿ da-we (étti datʰé šǫ́-nįkʰé ttą́nį dáwe) - he sat there eating while they ran away [JOD]

 

► shoⁿ-tʰaⁿ (šǫ-tʰą́) - after he stood awhile [JOD]

► cf. tʰaⁿ (tʰą) - the standing/animate; continuative auxiliary, singular/standing/animate; tʰaⁿ (tʰą) - the standing one; the standing object [JOD]

 

time, all the time

► a-tʰaⁿ-tʰe bdo-ka (atʰą́tte bdoká) - forever, all the time

► cf. a-tʰaⁿ (atʰą́) - when [JOD]; tʰe (tʰe) - the singular/standing/inanimate, collective/inanimate; the act; past, completive aspect; bdo-ka (bdóka) - entire, whole, circular, round

► ex: a-tʰaⁿ-tʰe bdo-ka (atʰą́tte bdóka) - when/the/entire [JOD]

► ex: a-tʰaⁿ-tʰe bdo-ka aⁿ-kda-xti naⁿ niⁿ-tʰe (atʰą́tte bdóka ą́kdaxti ną́ nitʰé) - I have suffered exceedingly all the time [JOD]

 

► shoⁿ-zhoⁿ-ki-de (šǫžǫ́kide), shoⁿ-zho-ki-de (šǫžókide) - always, ever, never

► ex: hoⁿ-zhi, wi-te-ke, de shoⁿ-zho-ki-de (hǫží, wítteké, de šǫžókidé) - no, uncle (my mother’s brother), it is always thus [JOD]

► Dhegiha: shoⁿ-shoⁿ (shóⁿshoⁿ) - always, ever, unceasing, enduring [Omaha/Ponca]; shoⁿ-shoⁿ (shóⁿ-shoⁿ), shoⁿ-shoⁿ-e (shóⁿ-shoⁿ-e) - forever, always, without stopping [FL-Osage]; shoⁿ-shoⁿ (šǫ́šǫ), shoⁿ-shoⁿ-we (šǫ́šǫwe) - always, forever, during that time, refers to something going on and on through time, uninterruptedly [CQ-Osage]; shoⁿ-shoⁿ (shóⁿshoⁿ) - always, ever, continually [Kaw]

 

► shtaⁿ (štą) - habitual aspect suffix

► ex: wa-maⁿ-da-shtaⁿ (wamą́daštą́) - thief, who steals habitually

► ex: i-ye-shtaⁿ (íyeštą́) - talker, loquacious person

► ex: ha-t’e shtaⁿ (hątʔé štą) - sickly [JOD]

► ex: iⁿ-chʰoⁿ taⁿ aⁿ-si-si-zhi, haⁿ-t’e shtaⁿ a-ta-ha taⁿ (įčʰǫ́ tą ąsísiží, hątʔé štą attahá tą) - now I’m not active and I’m very sickly [JOD]

► Dhegiha: shtoⁿ (shtoⁿ) - habitually [Omaha/Ponca]; shtoⁿ (shtoⁿ) - habitually [Omaha]; shtoⁿ (shtoⁿ) - in the habit of, habitually, constantly [FL-Osage]; shtaⁿ (štą) - all the time, incessantly, always, a lot, constantly, continuously, keep on doing something [CQ-Osage]; shtaⁿ (shtaⁿ) - habitual aspect suffix or postclitic [Kaw]

 

► naⁿ (ną), noⁿ (nǫ), ʰnaⁿ (ʰną) - habitual postclitic

► ex: niⁿ-kʰe-naⁿ (nįkʰéną) - continuative sitting habitual

► ex: niⁿ-naⁿ (nįną́) - continuative moving habitual

► ex: shi-naⁿ (šíną), shi-noⁿ (šínǫ) - again, over and over, repeatedly

► ex: bda-taⁿ naⁿ (bdattą́ ną) - I drink, I’m a drunkard

► ex: a-tʰaⁿ-te bdo-ka aⁿ-kda-xti naⁿ ni-tʰe (atʰą́tte bdóka ą́kdaxti ną́ nitʰé) - I have suffered exceedingly all the time

► ex: hoⁿ-i-she naⁿ (hǫišé ną) - what do you usually say? [JOD]

► ex: ta-taⁿ naⁿ (ttattą́ ną) - you drink, you're a drunkard

► ex: e-ti te na-ha i-he naⁿ (étti tté nahá ihé ną) - you do not go there, I’ve been saying [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ i-ki-pʰe ki-ha naⁿ ni-ka-shi-ka zho-hi hi tʰi-naⁿ-we (kóišǫ́ttą íkipʰe kihá ną níkkašíka žóhi hí tʰí-ną-we) - then, when he is finished inviting many people, they usually come [JOD]

► ex: to k’e de-naⁿ-wi (tó kʔe dé-ną-wi) - they usually dig for potatoes [JOD]

► ex: aⁿ-toⁿ-we-naⁿ-we (ątǫ́we-ną-wé) - they usually look (watch) at me [JOD]

► ex: pi-naⁿ (ppíną), pi-noⁿ (ppínǫ) - do well at something precociously

► Dhegiha: hnaⁿ (hnaⁿ) - customary [Omaha/Ponca]; noⁿ (noⁿ) - usually, customarily [FL-Osage]; naⁿ (ną), noⁿ (nǫ) - always, repeatedly, habitually, customarily, usually, recurringly, continually, continue to, used to [CQ-Osage]; hnaⁿ (hnaⁿ) - habitual aspect; usually; always generally; used to, it used to be so [Kaw]

 

► aⁿ-maⁿ (ąmą́), oⁿ-moⁿ (ǫmą́), moⁿ (mǫ́) - I usually, I used to [JOD]

► cf. naⁿ (ną), noⁿ (nǫ) - past sign; when, time when; habitual; ’aⁿ (ʔą), ’oⁿ (ʔǫ) - do, be; use

► ex: a-xa-ke aⁿ-maⁿ (aγáke ąmą́) - I usually cry [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ-aⁿ-zhi aⁿ-maⁿ (hǫ́ąží ihé ąmą́) - I usually say no [JOD]

► ex: a-wa-k’i aⁿ-maⁿ (awákʔi ąmą́) - I usually give them [JOD]

► ex: o-ka-ki-xe hi o-skaⁿ-skaⁿ hi o-a-zha aⁿ-maⁿ (okákixe hí oską́ską hí óažá ąmą́) - I usually dance, going around in the middle [JOD]

► ex: bda-taⁿ oⁿ-maⁿ (bdattą́ ǫmą́) - I used to drink

► ex: naⁿ-pe-aⁿ-hi aⁿ-maⁿ (ną́ppeą́hi ąmą́) - me hungry/I used to be [JOD]

► ex: “wi-e-hoⁿ, wi-zhiⁿ-de naⁿ-pe-aⁿ-hi aⁿ-maⁿ taⁿ-ha he-be a-ki-k’iⁿ koⁿ-bda,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (wíehǫ, wižį́de ną́ppeą́hi ąmą́ tą́ha hébe akíkʔį kkǫbdá,” iyí iyá maštį́ke) - “my elder brother, I too want to carry my own piece because I have been hungry,” it is said Rabbit said [JOD]

► ex: de-do ti-aⁿ-hi kaⁿ miⁿ-kʰe moⁿ (dédo ttią́hi ką́ mįkʰé mǫ́) - I have been dwelling here a very long time [JOD]

► ex: ta-taⁿ zhoⁿ (ttattą́ žǫ́) - you used to drink

► ex: da-x’e-aⁿ-ki-de naⁿ-we (daxʔéąkkidé nąwé) - you (plural) used to be kind to him for me [JOD]

► ex: ma-shtiⁿ-ke ho-wa ni-kʰa-she da-x’e-aⁿ-ki-de naⁿ-we e (maštį́ke hówa nikʰáše daxʔéąkkidé nąwé e) - which of you’all were kind to Rabbit for me? [JOD]

 

time, at a time

► naⁿ-naⁿ (-ną́ną), na-na (-naná) - distributive of numerals

► ex: miⁿ naⁿ-naⁿ (mįną́ną) - by ones, one each, one apiece

► ex: naⁿ-pa naⁿ-naⁿ (nąpánąną́) - two each, by twos, two apiece

► ex: da-bniⁿ naⁿ-naⁿ (dábnįną́ną) - by threes; 3 apiece

► ex: to-wa naⁿ-naⁿ (towánąną́) - four each, by fours

► ex: sa-taⁿ naⁿ-naⁿ (sáttąną́ną) - five apiece, by fives

► ex: sha-pe naⁿ-naⁿ (šáppe ną́ną) - by sixes, 6 apiece, 6 at a time

► ex: pe-naⁿ-pa naⁿ-naⁿ (ppénąpánąną́) - seven apiece, by sevens

► ex: pe-da-bni naⁿ-naⁿ (ppedábnįną́ną) - eight apiece, eight at a time

► ex: shaⁿ-ka naⁿ-naⁿ (šą́kka ną́ną) - by nines

► ex: kde-bdaⁿ naⁿ-naⁿ (kdébdąną́ną) - by tens, 10 apiece, 10 at a time

► ex: da-bniⁿ a-kniⁿ naⁿ-naⁿ (dábnįáknįną́ną) - by thirteens; 13 apiece

► ex: sha-pe a-kniⁿ naⁿ-naⁿ (šappé áknį ną́ną) - by sixteens, 16 each

► ex: pe-naⁿ-pa a-kniⁿ naⁿ-naⁿ (ppénąpáaknį́nąną́) - seventeen apiece, seventeen at a time

► ex: shaⁿ-ka a-kniⁿ naⁿ-naⁿ (šą́kka áknį ną́ną) - by nineteens, 19 each

► ex: kde-bnaⁿ naⁿ-pa naⁿ-naⁿ (kdébnąną́paną́ną) - by twenties, 20 apiece

► ex: kde-bdaⁿ da-bni naⁿ-naⁿ (kdébdądábniną́ną) - by thirties, 30 each

► ex: e-zhi-naⁿ-naⁿ (éžiną́ną) - different things, different

► ex: ha-na-ska naⁿ-naⁿ (hánaska ną́ną) - how big is each

► ex: wa-da miⁿ naⁿ-naⁿ (wadá míⁿnąną́) - hourly

► ex: zha-ko-i-naⁿ-naⁿ (žakóiną́ną), zha-ka i-naⁿ-naⁿ (žakká iną́ną) - he leaped often, or each time [JOD]; leaping at intervals; jump, make sudden leaps

► Dhegiha: wiⁿ-thoⁿ-thoⁿ (wíⁿthoⁿthóⁿ) - by ones; one at a time; one here and there; one to each [Omaha/Ponca]; wiⁿ thoⁿ-thoⁿ (wiⁿthoⁿthoⁿ) - each [Omaha]; wiⁿ-thoⁿ-thoⁿ (wíⁿ-thoⁿ-thoⁿ) - one apiece, one by one [FL-Osage]; miⁿ yaⁿ-ye (míⁿ yaⁿye) - one apiece, one to each, distributive [Kaw]

 

time, at night time

► haⁿ-taⁿ (hą́tą) - at night, night time [JOD]

► cf. haⁿ (hą), hoⁿ (hǫ) - night; taⁿ (tą) - when

► Dhegiha: hoⁿ-doⁿ (hóⁿdoⁿ) - at night, during the night, by night, nightly [Omaha/Ponca]; hoⁿ-doⁿ (hoⁿdoⁿ) - nightfall [Omaha]; hoⁿ-doⁿ (hóⁿ-doⁿ) - during the night [FL-Osage]; haⁿ-taⁿ (hą́ą tą) - when night [CQ-Osage]

 

time, at some future time

► a-tʰaⁿ-ta-i te (atʰą́ttai tte) - at some future time

► cf. ha-tʰaⁿ-taⁿ (hatʰą́ttą), a-tʰaⁿ-taⁿ (atʰą́ttą) - when, in future; i-te (-itté) - indefinite prn. marker, -ever; hi-te (hitté) - indefinite pronoun, (what)-ever

► Dhegiha: a-tʰoⁿ-doⁿ (atʰóⁿdoⁿ) - at what time or season [Omaha/Ponca]; ha-ʰtoⁿ-doⁿ (ha-ṭoⁿ-doⁿ) - when; when will [FL-Osage]; ha-txaⁿ-ta (haatxą́ta), ha-kxaⁿ-ta (haakxą́ta) - when in the future, what time in the future [CQ-Osage]; ha-khaⁿ-da (hakháⁿda) - when, at what future time? [Kaw]

 

time, at that time

► e-shaⁿ-taⁿ (ešą́ttą) - then, at that time

► ex: e-shaⁿ-taⁿ da-i ke o-wa-di-bnaⁿ de (ešą́ttą daí ke ówadíbną dé) - then he smelled where they went [JOD]

 

► e-taⁿ-tʰoⁿ (ettątʰǫ́) - at that time [JOD]

► ex: aⁿ-zhiⁿ-ka-ti, e-taⁿ-tʰoⁿ (ąžįkátti ettątʰǫ́) - at that time, when I was small [JOD]

► Dhegiha: e-tʰoⁿ-doⁿ (étʰoⁿdoⁿ) - at the proper time or season; to be the time or opportunity for [Omaha/Ponca]

 

► e-ti-hi (ettíhi) - at that time [JOD]

► cf. e-ti (ettí) - there; hi (hi) - arrive, reach there, have been; come, be coming here

► ex: e-ti-hi (ettíhi) - at that time [JOD]

► ex: e-ti-hi di-xa-zhi wa-da-xo-we niⁿ-kʰe we-kde-wa-zhi naⁿ, i-ya (ettíhi dixáži wadáxowé nįkʰé wékdewaží ną, iyá) - at that time the Hill that draws things (people) into its mouth did not vomit him up, it is said [JOD]

► ex: e-ti-hi kda-he-he e-ki-oⁿ-ki-de (ettíhi kdahéhe ékiǫ-kkidé) - at that time/he caused him to do so at short intervals [JOD]

► ex: shi-naⁿ e-ti-hi kda-he-he e-ki-oⁿ-ki-de tʰaⁿ naⁿ, i-ya (šíną ettíhi kdahéhe ékiǫ-kkidé tʰą ną, iyá) - at that time, he (Rabbit) made him (Rabbit’s son) do it repeatedly, it is said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: e-di-hi (edíhi) - then [Omaha/Ponca]; e-di-hi (édihí) - it is time for it [Omaha/Ponca]; e-dsi-hi (e-dsí-hi) - when that happens [FL-Osage]

 

time, at what time

► ha-tʰaⁿ-ti (hatʰą́tti) - when, at what time (in the past)

► cf. ha-tʰaⁿ-taⁿ (hatʰą́ttą) - when (in the future)

► ex: ha-tʰaⁿ-ti da-tʰi e (hatʰą́tti datʰí e) - when did you come? [MS]

► Dhegiha: a-tʰoⁿ-a-di (atʰóⁿadi) - when? at what past time? [Omaha/Ponca]; ha-ʰtoⁿ-dsi (ha-ʰtóⁿ-dsi) - when; at what time; when did [FL-Osage]; ha-txaⁿ-tsi (haatxą́ci), ha-kxaⁿ-tsi (haakxą́ci), ha-tkxaⁿ-tsi (haatkxą́ci) - when in the past, at what time in the past [CQ-Osage]; ha-khaⁿ-ji (hakháⁿji) - when, at what past time? [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ha-ʰtoⁿ-dsi tha-tsi a (ha-ʰtóⁿ-dsi tha-tsi a) - when did you come? [FL-Osage]; ha-khaⁿ-ji ya-chí (hakháⁿji yachí) - when did you come (get here)? [Kaw]

 

► ha-tʰaⁿ-taⁿ (hatʰą́ttą), a-tʰaⁿ-taⁿ (atʰą́ttą) - when (in the future)

► cf. ha-tʰaⁿ-ti (hatʰą́tti) - when, at what time (in the past)

► ex: ha-tʰaⁿ-taⁿ te te (hatʰą́ttą tté tte) - when you going? [MS]

► Dhegiha: a-tʰoⁿ-doⁿ (atʰóⁿdoⁿ) - at what time or season [Omaha/Ponca]; ha-ʰtoⁿ-doⁿ (ha-ṭoⁿ-doⁿ) - when; when will [FL-Osage]; ha-txaⁿ-ta (haatxą́ta), ha-kxaⁿ-ta (haakxą́ta) - when in the future, what time in the future [CQ-Osage]; ha-khaⁿ-da (hakháⁿda) - when, at what future time? [Kaw]

 

time, for some time

► kaⁿ a-ni-he (ką́-anihé) - so I move awhile [JOD]

► cf. koⁿ (kǫ), kaⁿ (ką) - so, as, since; a-ni-he (anihé) - 1^st person singular, I continuative moving

► ex: iⁿ-ta-te, da-knoⁿ-ke koⁿ-bda, she-mi ke a-wa-ki-shka-te kaⁿ-a-ni-he koⁿ-bda (įttatté, dáknǫké kkǫbdá, šémi ke awákiškátte ką́-anihé kkǫbdá) - father, I want you to marry her, I want to play with the girls [JOD]

 

► kaⁿ a-tʰaⁿ-he (ką́-atʰą́he) - while I stood [JOD]

► cf. koⁿ (kǫ), kaⁿ (ką) - so, as, since; a-tʰaⁿ-he (atʰąhé) - I, 1^st person singular, continuative auxiliary standing

► ex: ta-bde kaⁿ-a-tʰaⁿ-he si-ka i-ta da-tʰe di-knaⁿ taⁿ i-da-ki-ho-shi (tábde ką́-atʰą́he síkka ittá datʰé dikną́ tą idákihoší) - while I was hunting, she decided to eat a chicken egg, which I had forbidden her to do [JOD]

 

► kaⁿ aⁿ-niⁿ-kʰe (ką-ąnį́kʰe) - we sit awhile [JOD]

► cf. koⁿ (kǫ), kaⁿ (ką) - so, as, since; aⁿ-niⁿ-kʰe (ąnį́kʰe), oⁿ-niⁿ-kʰe (ǫ́nįkʰe) - I and one other, 1^st person dual continuative sitting

► ex: iⁿ-ta-te, toⁿ ha-ki e-hi-te e-ti niⁿ-kʰa-zhi hi taⁿ kaⁿ aⁿ-niⁿ-kʰe e-te te (įttátte, ttǫ́ hakí ehitté ettí nįkʰaží hi tą́ ką-ąnį́kʰe étte tté) - father, is there not a village anywhere, I wonder if we are alone [JOD]

 

► kaⁿ-hiⁿ kniⁿ (kąhį́ knį) - so she sat awhile [JOD]

► cf. koⁿ (kǫ), kaⁿ (ką) - so, as, since; kniⁿ (knį), kdiⁿ (kdį) - sit, be in a place, camp, sit, be sitting

 

► kaⁿ-kʰe (ką-ké) - she lay so for awhile (or, doing nothing); so she lay awhile [JOD]

► cf. koⁿ (kǫ), kaⁿ (ką) - so, as, since; kʰe (kʰe) - the singular/lying/animate or inanimate

 

► kaⁿ miⁿ-kʰe (ką́-miⁿkʰé) - I was so for awhile; I stay there awhile; so I sat awhile [JOD]

► cf. koⁿ (kǫ), kaⁿ (ką) - so, as, since; miⁿ-kʰe (mįkʰé) - I, 1^st person singular continuative sitting; I who sit

► ex: de-do ti-aⁿ-hi kaⁿ miⁿ-kʰe maⁿ (dédo ttią́hi ką́-mįkʰé mą́) - I have been dwelling here a very long time [JOD]

► ex: e-kaⁿ niⁿ zho-wa hi a-te-zhe zhi-ka de-a-de kaⁿ miⁿ-kʰe (éką nį žówa hí atéže žíka deáde ką́-mįkʰé) - so as I was sitting there, I urinated a little, I sent a little off [JOD]

► ex: kaⁿ miⁿ-kʰe-ti ki-ha-ti a-zhoⁿ koⁿ-bda-zhi hi (ką́-mįkʰé-tti kihátti ažǫ́ kkǫ́bdáži hí) - so, I stayed there awhile, I really didn’t want to sleep on the ground [JOD]

► Dhegiha: gaⁿ miⁿ-kʰeʰ ta miⁿ-kʰe (gaⁿmiñke ta miñke) - I will sit here for sometime [JOD-Omaha]

 

► kaⁿ ni-kʰa (ką́-nikʰá) - so they were awhile; so they had been awhile; so they were [JOD]

► cf. koⁿ (kǫ), kaⁿ (ką) - so, as, since; ni-kʰa (nikʰa) - they, 3^rd person plural continuative sitting; they who sit; they were (plural classifier); the reclining ones

 

 

► kaⁿ niⁿ (ką-nį́) - so he was moving awhile, so he moved awhile [JOD]

► cf. koⁿ (kǫ), kaⁿ (ką) - so, as, since; niⁿ (nį) - 3^rd person singular, he or she continuative moving; niⁿ (nį) - the singular/moving/animate

► ex: naⁿ-zha wa-zhiⁿ-ka naⁿ maⁿ ki-di-ze kaⁿ-niⁿ i-ya-we, wa-zhiⁿ-ka t’e-de naⁿ-haⁿ ki-di-ze kaⁿ-niⁿ i-ya-we, maⁿ kʰe de-de naⁿ-haⁿ a-ki-de naⁿ ki-k’i kaⁿ-niⁿ i-ya-we (ną́ža wažį́ka ną mą kidizé ką-nį iyáwe, wažį́ka tʔéde nąhą́ kidizé ką-nį́ iyáwe, mą́ kʰe déde nąhą akidé ną kikʔí ką-nį́ iyáwe) - when he would shoot at a bird, he would get his arrow for him, when he killed a bird, he got it for him, if he shot an arrow off, he would go after it and give it back to him, he was moving around doing this for awhile, they said [JOD]

 

► kaⁿ niⁿ-kʰe (ką-nįkʰé) - so he or she sat awhile [JOD]

► cf. koⁿ (kǫ), kaⁿ (ką) - so, as, since; niⁿ-kʰe (nįkʰe) - the singular/sitting/animate or inanimate; niⁿ-kʰe (nįkʰé) - he/she/it, 3^rd person singular continuative sitting

► ex: wa-x’o niⁿ-kʰe wa-te-zo-knaⁿ taⁿ kaⁿ niⁿ-kʰe (waxʔó nįkʰé wattézokną́ tą ką́ nįkʰé) - the woman was pregnant [JOD]

► ex: “ni-ka-shi-ka bnaⁿ a-ta-ha,” i-ya taⁿ pa o-di-bnaⁿ naⁿ kaⁿ niⁿ-kʰe naⁿ, i-ya-we (“níkkašíka bną́ attahá,” iyá tą ppá ódibną́ ną ką́-nįkʰé ną, iyáwe) - as he sat awhile, he sniffed around with his nose, he said, “sure enough smells like a human being”, they say [JOD]

► ex: a-shi-ti he-saⁿ o-ki-te wa-tʰe kdi-da-ki aⁿ-taⁿ he-saⁿ t’e-wa-de kaⁿ niⁿ-kʰe (ášitti hesą́ okítté watʰé kdídaki ą́tą hesą́ tʔéwade ką́-nįkʰé) - so she sat awhile outside, she turned down the waist of her skirt, looking for lice on herself and killing them [JOD]

► ex: zhaⁿ a-te, i-ya-we, a-ba-ko koi-shoⁿ maⁿ-shi kaⁿ niⁿ-kʰe, i-ya-we (žą átte iyáwe, abakkó kóišǫ́ mąši ką́-nįkʰé, iyáwe) - she climbed high up into a crooked tree and sat there, they say [JOD]

► ex: a-shi-ti ka-xta-i ke o-ki-te a-taⁿ i-de-ki-de naⁿ da-tʰe kaⁿ niⁿ-kʰe (ášitti kaxtąi ke okítte áttą ídekidé ną datʰé ką́-nįkʰé) - the things (food) that were poured outside, she searched for them and she found/saw them, so she sat awhile eating [JOD]

► ex: te-zhe zhi-ka hi-de kaⁿ niⁿ-kʰe, i-ya-we, o-do-tʰe niⁿ-kʰe a-te-zhe naⁿ, i-ya-we (téže žíka híde ką́-nįkʰé, iyáwe, ódotʰe nįkʰé áteže ną, iyáwe) - as she sat awhile, she urinated a little, they say, she urinated upon the man eater, they say [JOD]

► ex: kaⁿ niⁿ-kʰe shoⁿ niⁿ-kʰe (ką-nįkʰé šǫ-nįkʰé) - so he sat awhile/he acted differently as he sat [JOD]

► ex: kaⁿ niⁿ-kʰe-ti, ke naⁿ, iya (ešǫ́ ką́-nįkʰé tti, ké ną, iyá) - when he sat for some time [JOD]

► ex: e-shoⁿ kaⁿ niⁿ-kʰe-ti, ke naⁿ, iya (ešǫ́ ką́-nįkʰé tti, ké ną, iyá) - and when he (Rabbit’s son) had sat for some time, he (Rabbit’s son) said the following, it is said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: gaⁿ thiⁿ-kʰe (gaⁿ ¢iñke) - he sits a little while [JOD-Omaha]

 

► kaⁿ-tʰaⁿ (ką-tʰą́) - he was standing so awhile; so he stood awhile [JOD]

► kaⁿ-iⁿ tʰaⁿ (ką́į tʰą́) - she stood so awhile [JOD]

► cf. koⁿ (kǫ), kaⁿ (ką) - so, as, since; tʰaⁿ (tʰą) - the standing/animate; continuative auxiliary, singular/standing/animate

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ e-taⁿ-niⁿ kda-i ke-ni-te ka-ki niⁿ e-taⁿ-niⁿ kʰi a-taⁿ we-da-niⁿ shi-ke he-naⁿ i-da-ki-kda-niⁿ a-taⁿ kaⁿ-tʰaⁿ taⁿ ki-we (kóišǫ́ttą ettą́nį kdá-i kenitté kaki nį ettą́nį kʰí áttą wédanį šíke héną idákikdánį áttą ką-tʰą́ tą kíwe) - then they (her step-sisters) started home first, although she arrived home first, before them (her step-sisters), and she put on her bad clothes and was there awhile when they (her step-sisters) reached home [JOD]

► ex: e sh’a-ke niⁿ-kʰe ki-ta-ni taⁿ e-zhaⁿ-ke e-ta taⁿ kaⁿ-tʰaⁿ (e šʔáke nįkʰé kitáni tą ežą́ke ettá tą ką-tʰą́) - he, the old man sat smoking, while his daughter stood [JOD]

► ex: she-mi e-zhi ke hi taⁿ wa-hiⁿ-ska ho-taⁿ kʰe za-ni di-za-i taⁿ wa-haⁿ-niⁿ-ke taⁿ e-naⁿ kaⁿ-tʰaⁿ (šémi éži ke hí tą wahį́ska hóttą kʰe zaní dizá-i tą wahą́nįké tą eną́ ką-tʰą) - when the other girls arrived, they took all the good calico, the orphan just stood there alone [JOD]

► ex: e-ti e-naⁿ-hi kaⁿ-tʰaⁿ taⁿ ta-bde de naⁿ (étti enąhí ką-tʰą́ tą tábde dé ną) - she was there alone, when he went hunting [JOD]

► ex: e-ti-tʰaⁿ ta-bde kaⁿ-tʰaⁿ naⁿ ni-ka wi-ta, pa-ze de taⁿ kdi kaⁿ-tʰaⁿ naⁿ, e-ti-tʰaⁿ ti-a-zhi hi ha-t’e zho-ka-te a-ta-ha (ettítʰą tábde ką-tʰą́ ną níkka wittá, ppáze dé tą kdí ką-tʰą́ ną, ettítʰą ttiąži hí hatʔé žókkatte attahá) - then my husband had been hunting, he returned after dark, then shortly after that he became sick with a severe fever [JOD]

 

time, from that same time on

► e-ki-taⁿ-tʰoⁿ (ekkíttątʰǫ́) - from that same time on

 

time, from that time

► e-toⁿ-ti-tʰaⁿ (éttǫttítʰą) - therefore, from that time [JOD]

► e-toⁿ-ti-tʰaⁿ (éttǫttítʰą) - therefore, from then on

► cf. e-toⁿ (ettǫ́) - therefore; e-ti-tʰaⁿ (ettítʰą) - from then on; thence, subsequently

► ex: e-toⁿ-ti-tʰaⁿ (éttǫttítʰą) - therefore, from that time [JOD]

► ex: e-toⁿ-ti-tʰaⁿ, sni-wa-te hi-zhi naⁿ, i-ya (éttǫttítʰą, sniwátte hí-ži ną, iyá) - Therefore, from that time on, it has not been very cold, it is said (before that it was much colder than it is now, now we have the female Winter) [JOD]

► Dhegiha: a-doⁿ-e-di-tʰoⁿ (ádoⁿedítʰoⁿ) - therefore, consequently [Omaha/Ponca]

► Dhegiha: e-doⁿ (e-dóⁿ) - therefore [FL-Osage]; e-taⁿ (étą) - therefore [CQ-Osage]; e-daⁿ (édaⁿ) - so, therefore [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: e-dsi-toⁿ (e-dsí-toⁿ) - thence; from that place [FL-Osage]; e-ji-khaⁿ (ejíkhaⁿ) - there, from, thither, from that place [Kaw]

 

time, having a good time

► a-zho-wa (ažowá) - having a good time [JOD]

► Dhegiha: u-zha-wa (úzhawa) - agreeable, pleasant [Omaha/Ponca]; u-zha-wa (uzha wa) - fun [Omaha]

► Dhegiha: gi-u-zha-wa (gíuzhawa) - to be pleasant for; to be pleased with [Omaha/Ponca]; ki-u-zha-wa (kiu zhawa) - enjoy [Omaha]

► Dhegiha: wa-zha-wa (wa-zhá-wa) - to have a pleasant time at a feast or at a dance; revelry [FL-Osage]

 

► ki-da-kni (kidákni), ki-da-kniⁿ (kídaknį) - happy, pleased, to like ► aⁿ-da-kni (ą́dakni) - I’m, di-da-kni (dídakni) - you’re

► cf. ki-da-kni-zhi (kídakníži) - unhappy, discontented; wa-da-kni (wadákni) - be happy, be pleased; wa-da-kni-zhi (wadákniži) - be unhappy, be displeased; da-kni (dákni), da-kniⁿ (dáknį) - archaic word for good, used primarily in Quapaw personal names

► ex: i-wi-ki-de aⁿ-da-kni (íwíkide ą́dakní) - I’m glad to see you [AB, OM]

► ex: aⁿ-da-kni wi-tʰi-koⁿ (ą́dakni witʰíkǫ) - I’m glad it’s (my) grandpa [MS]

► ex: wi-ti-mi i-wi-ki-de aⁿ-da-kni (wittími íwíkide ą́dakní) - my aunt, I’m glad to see you [FR]

► ex: a-tʰi miⁿ-kʰe aⁿ-da-kni hoⁿ-ba-de, de-ho-taⁿ xti, ho-taⁿ miⁿ-kʰe (atʰí mįkʰé ą́dakni hǫ́bade, dehóttą xti, hóttą mįkʰé) - today was a nice day, and I am glad to be here [MR]

► ex: aⁿ-da-kni wi-tʰi-koⁿ (ą́dakni witʰíkǫ) - I’m glad it’s (my) grandpa [MS]

► ex: zhoⁿ ki-da-kni ki-ta (žǫ kidákni kítta) - get up sleepy head [MS]

► ex: i-e ki-da-kni (ié kidákni) - he likes to talk [MS]

► ex: t’e ki-da-kniⁿ pa naⁿ (tʔe kidáknį pa ną) - they liked to die

► Dhegiha: gi-tha-gthiⁿ (gí-tha-gthiⁿ) - happy, pleased [FL-Osage]; ki-tha-liⁿ (kiðálį) - be glad, feel good, also used as an equivalent of thank you, like, enjoy, be happy about, be pleased with [CQ-Osage]; gi-ya-le (gíyale) - be happy [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: tha-gthiⁿ (¢á-g¢iⁿ) - good, this is the Ponka notation of the Osage tha-gthiⁿ (¢ak͓¢iⁿ) and the Kansas ya-liⁿ(yaliⁿ). Used primarily in Ponca names [Omaha/Ponca]; tha-gthiⁿ (thá-gthiⁿ) - good, fine, nice, pleasing in manner, exceedingly good, splendid, to be pleased [FL-Osage]; tha-liⁿ (ðáalį) - be good, feel good about something, be glad, thank you, fine, splendid, pretty, beautiful, handsome, good, well, finely, skillfully [CQ-Osage]; ya-li (yáli), ya-liⁿ (yáliⁿ), ya-le (yále) - to be good, as a good oe well-behaved person, or good food [Kaw]

 

► wa-da-kni (wadákni) - be happy, be pleased

► cf. wa-da-kni-zhi (wadákniži) - be unhappy, be displeased; ki-da-kni  (kidákni), ki-da-kniⁿ (kídaknį) - happy, pleased, to like; ki-da-kni-zhi (kídakníži) - unhappy, discontented; da-kni (dákni), da-kniⁿ (dáknį) - archaic word for good, used primarily in Quapaw personal names

► Dhegiha: tha-gthiⁿ (¢á-g¢iⁿ) - good, this is the Ponka notation of the Osage tha-gthiⁿ (¢ak͓¢iⁿ) and the Kansas ya-liⁿ(yaliⁿ). Used primarily in Ponca names [Omaha/Ponca]; tha-gthiⁿ (thá-gthiⁿ) - good, fine, nice, pleasing in manner, exceedingly good, splendid, to be pleased [FL-Osage]; tha-liⁿ (ðáalį) - be good, feel good about something, be glad, thank you, fine, splendid, pretty, beautiful, handsome, good, well, finely, skillfully [CQ-Osage]; ya-li (yáli), ya-liⁿ (yáliⁿ), ya-le (yále) - to be good, as a good oe well-behaved person, or good food [Kaw]

 

► ki-ho-taⁿ (kíhottą) - to like, pleased

► ki-ho-taⁿ (kíhottą) - convalesce, improve ► aⁿ-ho-taⁿ (ą́hottą) - I, di-ho-taⁿ (díhottą) - you

► cf. ho-ta (hóttą) - good

► ex: ki-ho-taⁿ ye wa-x’o koi (kíhottą ye waxʔó kói) - she liked it [MS]

► ex: ki-ho-taⁿ a-ta-ha-zhi (kíhottą áttaháži) - dislike something intensely

► Dhegiha: gi-u-doⁿ (gíudoⁿ) - to be good to or for one [Omaha/Ponca]

 

time, hour

► wa-da (wadá) - hour, time; cent

► ex: wa-da miⁿ-naⁿ-naⁿ (wadá mį́nąną́) - hourly

► ex: wa-da zhi-ka (wadá žíka) - acre

► ex: ma-zhoⁿ wa-da (mažǫ́ wadá) - acre of land

► Dhegiha: wa-tha-wa (wa¢áwa) - count [JOD-Omaha]; wa-tha-wa (wathawa) - numbers; numerals; counting; census [Omaha]; wa-tha-wa (wa-thá-wa) - counting; cents [FL-Osage]; wa-tha-wa (waðaáwa) - count, say numbers, counting, numbers [CQ-Osage]

 

time, not a long time

► ti-aⁿ-zhi (ttią́ži) - not a long time, soon [JOD]

► cf. ti-aⁿ-he (ttią́he) - long ago; ti-aⁿ-hi (ttią́hi) - a long time, a very long time, long ago, for a long time [JOD]; ti-aⁿ-ti (ttią́tti) - in the olden times, old time [JOD]

► ex: ti-aⁿ-zhi hi (ttią́ži hí) - not a long time/very (very soon) [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ ti-aⁿ-zhi hi ha-t’e (kóišǫ́ttą ttią́ži hí hatʔé) - then in a very short time, he became sick [JOD]

► ex: e-ti-tʰaⁿ ta-bde kaⁿ-tʰaⁿ naⁿ ni-ka wi-ta, pa-ze de taⁿ kdi kaⁿ-tʰaⁿ naⁿ, e-ti-tʰaⁿ ti-a-zhi hi ha-t’e zho-ka-te a-ta-ha (ettítʰą tábde ką-tʰą́ ną níkka wittá, ppáze dé tą kdí ką-tʰą́ ną, ettítʰą ttiąži hí hatʔé žókkatte attahá) - then my husband had been hunting, he returned after dark, then shortly after that he became sick with a severe fever [JOD]

 

time, once upon a time

► haⁿ-tʰaⁿ-hi (hą́tʰąhí), haⁿ-taⁿ-hi (hą́ttąhí) - once upon a time

► cf. ha-tʰaⁿ (hatʰą́), aⁿ-tʰaⁿ (ą́tʰą) - when; ha-tʰaⁿ-taⁿ (hatʰą́ttą), a-tʰaⁿ-taⁿ (atʰą́ttą) - when, in the future; ha-tʰaⁿ-ti (hatʰą́tti) - when, at what time; hoⁿ-tʰaⁿ (hǫ́tʰą) - why; when

 

► ex: haⁿ-tʰaⁿ-hi ni-ka wa-x’o i-da-kda-niⁿ ta-bde da-we (hą́tʰąhí níkka waxʔó idákdanį́ tábde dáwe) - once upon a time, a man and his woman went hunting [JOD]

► Dhegiha: a-tʰoⁿ-doⁿ (atʰóⁿdoⁿ) - at what time or season [Omaha/Ponca]; ha-ʰtoⁿ-doⁿ (ha-ṭoⁿ-doⁿ) - when; when will [FL-Osage]; ha-txaⁿ-ta (haatxą́ta), ha-kxaⁿ-ta (haakxą́ta) - when in the future, what time in the future [CQ-Osage]; ha-khaⁿ-da (hakháⁿda) - when, at what future time? [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: a-tʰoⁿ-a-di (atʰóⁿadi) - when? at what past time? [Omaha/Ponca]; ha-ʰtoⁿ-dsi (ha-ʰtóⁿ-dsi) - when; at what time; when did [FL-Osage]; ha-txaⁿ-tsi (haatxą́ci), ha-kxaⁿ-tsi (haakxą́ci), ha-tkxaⁿ-tsi (haatkxą́ci) - when in the past, at what time in the past [CQ-Osage]; ha-khaⁿ-ji (hakháⁿji) - when, at what past time? [Kaw]

 

time, one time

► hi-noⁿ-xtiⁿ (hínǫxtį) - once, one time

► Dhegiha: wiⁿ-a-xchi-oⁿ (wiⁿáqchioⁿ) - once [Omaha/Ponca]; wiⁿ-o-xji-oⁿ (wiⁿoxjioⁿ) - once [Omaha]; wiⁿ-a-xtshi-aⁿ (wiⁿ-á-qtchi-aⁿ) - once [JOD-Omaha]; wiⁿ-xtsi-oⁿ (wíⁿ-xtsi-oⁿ), wíⁿ-a-xtsi-oⁿ (wíⁿ-á-xtsi-oⁿ) - once [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-xtsaⁿ (máⁿxcaⁿ) - once, one time [Kaw]

 

time, planting time

► ma-bnaⁿ (mábną) - planting time

 

time, second time

► i-naⁿ-paⁿ (ínąpą́), i-naⁿ-baⁿ (ínąbą́) - second time, again

► cf. i-naⁿ-pa (ínąpa) - second; hi-naⁿ-paⁿ-iⁿ (hínąpą́į) - twice, two times; naⁿ-pa (ną́pa), noⁿ-pa (nǫ́pa), noⁿ-ba (nǫ́ba) - two

► ex: i-naⁿ-paⁿ aⁿ-baⁿ hi-de taⁿ bde ta miⁿ-kʰe (ínąpą́ ąbą híde tą́ bdé tta mįkʰé) - if he calls to me a second time, I will go [JOD]

► ex: “i-naⁿ-paⁿ te na-ha! ti ke ni-xi-te ni-ka-we,” i-yi iya (“ínąpą́ tté nahá! tti ke niγítte nikáwe,” iyí iyá) - she said, “do not go to those lodges a second time! they are disobedient,” they say [JOD]

► Dhegiha: i-thoⁿ-boⁿ (íthoⁿbóⁿ) - a second time; again: usually followed by a negative, making the meaning, never again [Omaha/Ponca]; i-thoⁿ-boⁿ (i-thóⁿ-boⁿ) - again, second time [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: noⁿ-boⁿ (noⁿboⁿ) - twice [Omaha]; noⁿ-baⁿ (noⁿbáⁿ) - twice, two times [Kaw]

 

time, sign of past time

► e-de (edé) - but, sign of past time

► ex: miⁿ-kʰe tʰe-de (mį́kʰe tʰedé) - told the truth/in the past, but [JOD]

► ex: “hoⁿ! wi-to-shpa miⁿ-kʰe tʰe-de,” i-yi i-ya (“hǫ! wittóšpa mį́kʰe tʰedé,” iyí iyá) - “oh! my grandson did tell the truth, but ….” it is said she said [JOD]

► ex: e-de (edé) - but

► ex: e-de ni-ka-shi-ka zho-hi hi o-kda-x’a-x’a-we i-ya bdo-ka hi (edé níkkašíka žóhi hi okdáxʔaxʔáwe iyá bdóka hi) - but there were a great many people, the entire group gave the scalp yell, it is said (they say) [JOD]

 

time, wintertime

► pa-de-taⁿ (pádettą) - wintertime, when it is Winter [MS]

► pa-de taⁿ (pádettą) - winter

► cf. pa-de (páde) - winter

► ex: sni-wa-te hi pa-de taⁿ (sníwatte hi páde ttą) - cold, wintertime [MS]

► Dhegiha: ma-the doⁿ (máthedoⁿ) - during the winter; in the wintertime; refers to past winters, those before last winter [Omaha/Ponca]; ba-the doⁿ (bá-the doⁿ) - in winter [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: doⁿ (doⁿ) - of time when, season when [Omaha/Ponca]; doⁿ (doⁿ) - when; because; did [FL-Osage]; taⁿ (tą), toⁿ (tǫ) - when; since; because; if; provided that; daⁿ (daⁿ), da (da) - and, when, so [Kaw]

 

times, eleven times

► miⁿ-xti a-kniⁿ (mį́xtiaknį́) - eleven times

► miⁿ-xti a-kniⁿ (mį́xti áknį) - eleven

► cf. miⁿ-xti (mį́xti) - one; a-kniⁿ (aknį́) - sit on; kde-bnaⁿ miⁿ-xti a-kniⁿ (kdébną mį́xti áknį) - eleven; kde-bnaⁿ-taⁿ miⁿ-xti a-kniⁿ (kdébnąttą́ mį́xti áknį) - eleven, “10 when 1 sitting on”

 

times, fold, x-fold

► hi-“numeral”-a-ki-kde (hi-“numeral”-ákkikde) - times, fold, x-fold

► ex: hi-naⁿ-pa-a-ki-kde (hínąpá ákkikdé) - double, twofold

► Dhegiha: shoⁿ-koⁿ kʰi-gthe (shóⁿkoⁿ kʰígthe) - nine times in a row [Omaha/Ponca]; gthe-boⁿ kʰi-gthe (gthéboⁿ kʰígthe) - ten times in succession, ten times in a row [Omaha/Ponca]

 

times, four times

► hi-to-wiⁿ (hítowį́) - four times

► cf. to-wa (tówa) - four; hi-noⁿ-xtiⁿ (hínǫxtį) - once, one time; hi-naⁿpa-iⁿ (hínąpą́į) - twice, two times; hi-da-bniⁿ (hídabnį́) - thrice; hi-sha-piⁿ (híšappį́) - six times; hi-shaⁿ-kiⁿ (híšą́kkį́) - nine times; hi-sha-pe-a-kniⁿ (híšappeaknį́) - sixteen times

 

times, nine times

► hi-shaⁿ-kiⁿ (híšą́kkį́) - nine times

► cf. shaⁿ-ka (šą́kka) - nine; hi-noⁿ-xtiⁿ (hínǫxtį) - once, one time; hi-naⁿpa-iⁿ (hínąpą́į) - twice, two times; hi-da-bniⁿ (hídabnį́) - thrice; hi-to-wiⁿ (hítowį́) - four times; hi-sha-piⁿ (híšappį́) - six times; hi-sha-pe-a-kniⁿ (híšappeaknį́) - sixteen times

 

times, prewar times

► ma-zhaⁿ shi-ka-zhi (mažą́ šikáži) - prewar times, before civil war, lit. “land was not bad” 1880’s

► cf. ma-zhaⁿ shi-ke (mažą́ šike) - war, lit. “bad land”; ma-zhaⁿ (mažą́), ma-zhoⁿ (mažǫ́) - land; shi-ke (šíke) - bad; zhi (ži) - negative, not, negation

► ex: ma-zhaⁿ shi-ka-zhi (mažą́ šikáži) - land/not bad [JOD]

► ex: ma-zhaⁿ shi-ka-zhi shoⁿ-ti to-ski-de i-ke-ya-we ni e-ti kʰe mi o-xpe-ta-de-de-do-shi oⁿ-kniⁿ oⁿ-ka-tʰaⁿ naⁿ (mažą́ šikáži šǫ́tti toskíde íkeyáwe ni ettí kʰe mi óxpettadédedóši ǫknį́ ǫ́katʰą́ ną) - before the (Civil) war we used to live on the west side of what they called Sweet Potatoe Creek [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ma-zhoⁿ pi-a-zhi ga-xe (mazhóⁿ píazhi gáxe) - to make the land bad; to make the land bad by fighting, to wage war [Omaha/Ponca]; moⁿ-zhoⁿ pi-a-zhi (moⁿzhoⁿ piazhi) - badlands [Omaha]

 

times, six times

► hi-sha-piⁿ (híšappį́) - six times

► cf. hi …. iⁿ (hí … į́) - times; sha-pe (šappé) - six

 

times, sixteen times

► hi-sha-pe-a-kniⁿ (híšappeaknį́) - sixteen times

► cf. hi …. iⁿ (hí … į́) - times; sha-pe a-kniⁿ (šappé áknį) - sixteen

 

times, two times

► hi-naⁿ-paⁿ-iⁿ (hínąpą́į) - twice, two times

► cf. naⁿ-pa (ną́pa), noⁿ-pa (nǫ́pa), noⁿ-ba (nǫ́ba) - two; hi-naⁿ-pa a-ki-kde (hínąpá ákkikdé) - double, twofold

 

tin plate

► ma-ze o-zhi (máze óži) - tin plate

► cf. ma-ze (máze) - iron, metal; o-zhi (óži) - bowl, dish; o-zhi (oží) - put collection into something, plant, fill

 

 

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