English to Quapaw Dictionary

T

tabby cat - tall	Tall Chief - thank you	that - thaw	the - themselves
then - therefore	these - thirty	this - throwing	thrust - tin
tip - today	toe - trachea	track - tremble	tribal - twofold

 

then

► e-shaⁿ (éšą), e-shoⁿ (ešǫ́) - then, at length

► e-shaⁿ (éšą), e-shoⁿ (ešǫ́) - then or at length, and, and then [JOD]

► cf. e-shaⁿ-hi (ešąhí) - at length, after some time [JOD]; e-shaⁿ-taⁿ (ešą́ttą) - then, at that time; e-shoⁿ-we (ešǫ́we) - then

► ex: e-shoⁿ, “hoⁿ da-tʰaⁿ-she,” i-ke-ya-we i-ya (ešǫ́, “hǫ́ datʰą́še,” íkeyáwe iyá) - then, the others said to him, “what is the matter with you?” it is said [JOD]

► ex: “e-shoⁿ shi e-koⁿ t’e-di-da-we,” i-ye niⁿ i-ya (“ešǫ́ ši ekǫ́ tʔédidawe,” iyé nį iyá) - “then, you went and thus, like that, they killed you,” she was saying, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: e-shoⁿ ti tʰe-ta kʰi naⁿ i-ya (ešǫ́ ttí tʰétta kʰí ną iyá) - then, when he returned to his home, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: e-shoⁿ miⁿ-xti o-shte tʰaⁿ sh’a-taⁿ-ka do-taⁿ-ti hi (ešǫ́ mį́xti ošté tʰą šʔattą́ka dottą́tti hí) - then the one that remained went straight to the devil [JOD]

► ex: e-shoⁿ o-kʰe a-da-shtaⁿ-taⁿ (ešǫ́ okʰé ádaštąttą) - and when he stopped talking to him....

► ex: e-shoⁿ e-ti pa-ze he-be hi a-kde (ešǫ́ ettí ppáze hébe hí akdé) - so already (that) evening I started home

► ex: e-shaⁿ e-ti shi-a-pe da-we (éšą ettí šiápe dáwe) - then or at length/there/ashore/they went [JOD]

► ex: shaⁿ-iⁿ-te, t’e paⁿ-ze, e-shaⁿ kde xa-da (šą́įtte, tʔé ppą́ze, éšą kdé xáda) - well, I pretended to be dead, then he went back again [JOD]

► Dhegiha: shoⁿ (shoⁿ) - still, yet; at all events, at any rate; and so; thus [Omaha/Ponca]; shoⁿ (shoⁿ) - by and by, after awhile, eventually [Kaw]

 

► e-shaⁿ-hi (ešąhí) - at length, after some time, then [JOD]

► cf. e-shaⁿ (éšą), e-shoⁿ (ešǫ́) - then, at length; e-shaⁿ-taⁿ (ešą́ttą) - then, at that time; e-shoⁿ-we (ešǫ́we) - then

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ e-shoⁿ-hi naⁿ-haⁿ zhi-ka hi taⁿ naⁿ (kóišǫ́ttą ešǫhí nąhą́ žiká hí tą́ ną) - then, after some time, she grew a little larger (a little older) [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ e-shoⁿ-hi aⁿ-kniⁿ (kóišǫ́ttą ešǫhí ąknį́) - then after awhile we camped [JOD]

► ex: de niⁿ e-shoⁿ-hi haⁿ-ka toⁿ niⁿkʰe-ti hi (de nį́ ešǫhí hą́ka ttǫ nįkʰétti hí) - after he was going for some time, he arrived at the Haⁿ-ka village [JOD]

► ex: e-shoⁿ-hi wa-zhiⁿ-ka zho-hi hi t’e-da-we (ešǫ́hi wažį́ka žóhi hí tʔédawe) - after some time, they killed many birds [JOD]

► ex: ni o-ha naⁿ kde e-shoⁿ-hi ki i-ya-we (ní ohá ną kdé éšǫhi kí iyáwe) - she followed the course of the stream/water heading home, after some time she reached home, they say [JOD]

► Dhegiha: shoⁿ (shoⁿ) - still, yet; at all events, at any rate; and so; thus [Omaha/Ponca]; shoⁿ (shoⁿ) - by and by, after awhile, eventually [Kaw]

 

► e-shaⁿ-taⁿ (ešą́ttą) - then, at that time, and then, then at length

► cf. e-shaⁿ (éšą), e-shoⁿ (ešǫ́) - then, at length; e-shaⁿ-hi (ešąhí) - at length, after some time, then [JOD]; e-shoⁿ-we (ešǫ́we) - then

► ex: e-shaⁿ-taⁿ she-mi zhi-ka de naⁿ-hi a-kda-bniⁿ a-kdi (ešą́ttą šémižíka dé nąhí akdábnį akdí) - and then I only brought back (my own) this little girl [JOD]

► ex: e-shaⁿ-taⁿ da-i ke o-wa-di-bnaⁿ de (ešą́ttą daí ke ówadíbną dé) - then he smelled where they went [JOD]

 

► e-shoⁿ-we (ešǫ́we) - then

► cf. e-shaⁿ (éšą), e-shoⁿ (ešǫ́) - then, at length; e-shaⁿ-hi (ešąhí) - at length, after some time, then [JOD]; e-shaⁿ-taⁿ (ešą́ttą) - then, at that time, and then

► ex: e-shoⁿ-we e-ti-tʰaⁿ (ešǫ́we ettítʰą) - and from then on

 

► e-ti (étti), (ettí) - there, then

► ex: e-ti, maⁿ-ze-ska a-kaⁿ-ta i-niⁿ-ha wa-di-ski-ta maⁿ-ze shto-zha o-ki-ba-taⁿ e-ti-zhi pa naⁿ (ettí mązéska ákątta inįhá wádiskittá mązé štóža okkíbattą ettíži ppa ną) - then, sliver armlets and silver crescent bracelets, they put them on in rows, one after another [JOD]

► ex: e-ti ni-ka naⁿ-haⁿ ke a-di-ski naⁿ-hi pa naⁿ (étti níkka nąhą́ ke adiskí ną́hi pá ną) - then, the grown men only wore their hair shaved [JOD]

► ex: e-ti ni-ka naⁿ-haⁿ ke i-ti-knaⁿ naⁿ-hi i-ti-knaⁿ pa naⁿ (étti níkka nąhą́ ke ittíkną ną́hi ittíkną pá ną) - then, the grown men only wore a breechcloth [JOD]

► ex: e-ti sh’a-ke hi e-ti niⁿ-kʰe naⁿ, ma-xe-ka a-niⁿ zha-zhe, ka-hi-ke (étti šʔáke hí ettí nįkʰe ną́, máxeka anį́ žáže, kahíke) - then/old/very/was sitting there/past sign/maxeka/he had/name/chief [JOD]

► ex: e-ti pe-tʰe-ti pe-zhe-xta zhaⁿ-a-be-tʰaⁿ o-zhi o-ki-kde-kde a-niⁿ tʰi taⁿ te-ska i-niⁿ-ha i-ki-kda-naⁿ-we (étti petʰétti ppežéxta žą́abetʰą́ oží ókikdékde anį́ tʰí tą tteská inįhá íkikdá-ną-we) - then/in summer/flour/barrel/filled/set up in a row/brought here/when/cattle/too/they divided among themselves [JOD]

► Dhegiha: e-di (édi), (edí) - by, at, in, to; there; thither; said of time as well as place: then, when; used in making an assertion: it is there [Omaha/Ponca]; e-di (edi) - there; over there; at [Omaha]; e-dsi (e-dsí) - there [FL-Osage]; e-tsi (ecí) - be present here/there, exist here/there; be at that time; and, plus [CQ-Osage]; e-ji (ejí), (éji) - there, in that place; to that place, thither [Kaw]

 

► e-ti-hi (ettíhi) - then, at that time [JOD]

► ex: shi-naⁿ e-ti-hi kda-he-he e-ki-oⁿ-ki-de tʰaⁿ naⁿ, i-ya (šíną ettíhi kdahéhe ékiǫ-kkidé tʰą ną, iyá) - then, at that time, he (Rabbit) made him (Rabbit’s son) do it repeatedly, it is said [JOD]

 

► e-ti e-zha (étti éža) - and then [JOD]

► e-te-zha (ettéža) - then [JOD]

► ex: e-te-zha (ettéža) - then [JOD]

► ex: e-te-zha shoⁿ-zhi-ka ki-ki-knaⁿ-wi (ettéža šǫ́žiká kíkikną́wi) - then they put their pup down for him [JOD]

► ex: e-ti e-zha (étti éža) - and then [JOD]

► ex: e-ti e-zha do-taⁿ naⁿ-hi de niⁿ (étti éža dóttą nąhí de nį) - and then he was going straight all by himself [JOD]

 

► e-ti-tʰaⁿ (ettítʰą), e-ti-taⁿ (ettítą) - thence, subsequently [JOD]

► e-ti-tʰaⁿ (ettítʰą) - from then on, from that

► ex: e-ti-tʰaⁿ wa-x’o zhi-ka niⁿ di-sh’a (ettítʰą waxʔó žiká nį dišʔá) - then the old woman gave out [JOD]

► ex: e-ti-tʰaⁿ i-naⁿ-pa niⁿ di-sh’a (ettítʰą ínąp͓á nį dišʔá) - then the second one gave out [JOD]

► ex: e-ti-tʰaⁿ i-da-bniⁿ di-sh’a (ettítʰą ídabnį dišʔá) - then the third one gave out [JOD]

► ex: “wi-taⁿ-niⁿ hi wa-te-paⁿ ta miⁿ-kʰe, e-ti-tʰaⁿ o-kda-x’a-x’a-we ka!” i-we-ke i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke tʰaⁿ (wíttąnį hi wattéppą́ tta mįkʰé ettítʰą okdáxʔaxʔá-we ká iwéke iyá maštį́ke tʰą) - “I will give the attack cry first, immediately afterward you must give the scalp yell,” the rabbit said to them, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: e-ti-tʰaⁿ ta-bde kaⁿ-tʰaⁿ naⁿ ni-ka wi-ta, pa-ze de taⁿ kdi kaⁿ-tʰaⁿ naⁿ, e-ti-tʰaⁿ ti-a-zhi hi ha-t’e zho-ka-te a-ta-ha (ettítʰą tábde ką-tʰą́ ną níkka wittá, ppáze dé tą kdí ką-tʰą́ ną, ettítʰą ttiąži hí hatʔé žókkatte attahá) - then my husband had been hunting, he returned after dark, then shortly after that he became sick with a severe fever [JOD]

► ex: e-ti-tʰaⁿ ko-e-kde i-ya-we, wa-x’o niⁿ (ettítʰą koékde iyáwe, waxʔó nį) - then the woman started to run, they say [JOD]

► ex: e-ti-tʰaⁿ ko-e-kde i-ya-we, maⁿ-te kʰe a-ki-ki-a-naⁿ, i-ya-we (ettítʰą koékde iyáwe, mątté kʰe ákikkiáną, iyáwe) - then she started to run, she ran/raced back towards her canoe, they say [JOD]

► ex: e-ti-tʰaⁿ ni shi-a-pʰe a-shka ki, i-ya-we (ettítʰą ni šiápʰe áška kí, iyáwe) - thence/water/shore/near/reached there again/they say [JOD]

► Dhegiha: e-di-taⁿ (edítaⁿ) - thence [JOD-Omaha]; e-dsi-toⁿ (e-dsí-toⁿ) - thence; from that place [FL-Osage]

 

► hoⁿ-tʰaⁿ-hi (hǫ́tʰąhi), haⁿ-tʰaⁿ-hi (hą́tʰąhi) - then, at length, and then or accordingly

► ex: hoⁿ-tʰaⁿ-hi, ni-ka-shi-ka zho-hi hi o-kda-x’a-x’a-we, i-ya (hǫ́tʰąhi, níkkašíka žóhi hi okdáxʔaxʔáwe, iyá) - then, a great many people gave the scalp yell, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ-tʰaⁿ-hi, “i-ka-xa-ta koi-ta kniⁿ,” i-yi i-ya wa-sa niⁿ-kʰe (hǫ́tʰąhi, “íkaxátta kóitta knį́,” iyí iyá wasá nįkʰé) - then the black bear said, “sit over there on the other side of the lodge,” it is said (they said) [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ-tʰaⁿ-hi e-ti kniⁿ niⁿ-kʰe, i-ya (hǫ́tʰąhi maštį́ke étti knį́ nįkʰé, iyá) - then the rabbit sat there, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ-tʰaⁿ-hi maⁿ-te kdi-ze naⁿ e-ti de i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (hǫ́tʰąhi mą́tte kdíze-ną étti dé iyá maštįke) - then, after some time, rabbit took his bow and went there, it is said [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ-tʰaⁿ-hi e-ti hí-naⁿ-we, i-ya (hǫ́tʰąhi étti hí-ną-wé, iyá) - then when they (the hunting party) arrived there, it is said [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ-tʰaⁿ-hi ni-ka-shi-ka e-taⁿ-ni-hi-pa t’a-i ni-ha wa-hi ke wa-ska-ha hí ke naⁿ, i-ya (hǫ́tʰąhi níkkašíka ettą́ni-hi-ppá tʔaí nihá wahí ke waskáha hí ke ną, iyá) - and then (when the Rabbit had gone very far into the Hill) there lay a long line of whitened bones of some of the people who had been first to arrive there and had died, it is said [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ-tʰaⁿ-hi ni-ka-shi-ka a-na-hi-te-xti taⁿ-iⁿ-hi-pa i-ya, kaxną́ (hǫ́tʰąhi níkkašíka anáhittéxti ttą́į-hi-ppá iyá, kaxną́) - then a great many people, members of a hunting party, came in sight [JOD]

 

► koi-she-taⁿ (koišéttą) - then at last; and [JOD]

► ex: koi-she-taⁿ o-da-ki-de ki-ha taⁿ ka-xdi (koišéttą odákide kihá tą kaxdí) - when he (haⁿ-ka’s son) finally finished telling him (rabbit), he (rabbit) struck and killed him (haⁿ-ka’s son) [JOD]

► ex: koi-she-taⁿ naⁿ-zha o-do-tʰe tʰi ki-ha i-ya-we (koišéttą nąža ódotʰe tʰi kihá iyáwe) - and/then/man eater/had come/already/they say [JOD]

 

► koi-shoⁿ (kóišǫ́) - then, and then, now; despite, notwithstanding

► koi-shoⁿ (kóišǫ) - so or of that sort [JOD]

► koi-shoⁿ (kóišǫ́) - so, or in that case [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ wa-koⁿ-da naⁿ, i-ya (kóišǫ́ wákkǫdá ną, iyá) - then he attacked the game, it is said [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ te k’iⁿ kde ta-i o-da-ke de naⁿ, i-ya (kóišǫ́ tté kʔį kdé ttai ódake dé ną, iyá) - then he (Rabbit) went to tell them (Grizzly bear’s household) they will pack the buffalo home, it is said [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ wa-she-xti zho-ki-kde ti-kde ke naⁿ, i-ya (kóišǫ́ wašé-xti žókikde ttíkde ké ną, iyá) - and then they lived very prosperously together, it is said [JOD]

► ex: ko-i-shoⁿ e-ti de naⁿ, i-ya (kóišǫ étti dé ną, iyá) - and then he went there, it is said [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ maⁿ-tʰo zhi-ka ni-kʰa to-wa ni-kʰa naⁿ, i-ya (kóišǫ́ mątʰó žíka nikʰa tówa nikʰa ną, iyá) - now there were four young Grizzly bears (at the home of the Grizzly bear), it is said [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ pa naⁿ, i-ya-we (kóišǫ ppá ną, iyáwe) - so (were)/3^rd pl./past sign [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ pa naⁿ, i-ya-we (kóišǫ ppá ną, iyáwe) - so they did (in the past), they say [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ pa naⁿ, ti-aⁿ-ti we-da-niⁿ pa naⁿ (kóišǫ ppá ną, ttią́tti wédanį ppá ną) - that is how they did/were, in the olden times, that’s how they dressed [JOD]

 

► koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ (kóišǫ́ttą), (kóišǫ́tta), (kóišǫttą) - so, thus, accordingly, in that way, then, therefore

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ, a-shi-ti hi, i-ya, wa-sa niⁿ (kóišǫ́ttą, ášitti hí, iyá, wasá nį) - thus, the black bear went outside, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ a-shi toⁿ-we-ki-ki shoⁿ-niⁿ wa-shkaⁿ kde shoⁿ-niⁿ hi-pʰe i-ya-we (kóišǫ́ttą áši tǫ́wekikí šǫnį́ wašką́ kdé šǫnį́ hipʰé iyáwe) - then she looked back at him repeatedly as she tried with all her might to get home, she fell, they say [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ zho bdo-ka hi we-s’a o-do-hi i-ya-we, we-s’a-xti kde-zhe pe-xe ttaⁿ e-koⁿ o-do-hi i-ya-we (kóišǫ́ttą žo bdóka hi wésʔa odóhi iyáwe, wésʔaxti kdežé ppéγe ttą ekǫ́ odóhi iyáwe) - then her entire flesh/body turned into a snake, they say, turned into a rattlesnake (spotted real snake) with a rattle, like that, they say [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ maⁿ-te aⁿ-ko-ka-shke kʰe a-shka hi a-kdi (kóišǫ́ttą mątté ąkókašké kʰe áška hí akdí) - then I had come back, very close to where we tied the canoe [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ e-zhaⁿ-ke e-zhi pa, “wa-hiⁿ-ska ho-taⁿ hi aⁿ-ki-niⁿ kdi ni-he,” i-ye pa (kóišǫ́ttą ežą́ke éži pá, “wahį́ska hóttą hi ą́kinį kdí-nihé,” iyé pa) - then his step-daughters said, “bring back some really good calico cloth” [JOD]

 

► naⁿ-zha (ną́ža) - then [JOD]

► ex: naⁿ-zha o-di-o-za hi o-do-tʰe tʰi ki-ha (ną́ža ódióza hí ódotʰe tʰí kihá) - then, in a very short time the man eater had come [JOD]

► ex: hi naⁿ naⁿ-zha haⁿ-ka e-zhiⁿ-ke o-te naⁿ, i-ya-we (hí ną ną́ža hą́ka ežį́ke otté ną, iyáwe) - then when he arrived he looked for (sought) Haⁿ-ka’s son, they said [JOD]

► ex: shka-te shoⁿ-niⁿ naⁿ-zha ma-sa-ni-taⁿ ni-ka-shi-ka miⁿ ki-baⁿ hi-de (škátte šǫ-nį́ ną́ža másanítą níkkašíka mį́ kíbą híde) - after he had been playing awhile, a person called to him from the other side (of the river) [JOD]

► ex: koi-she-taⁿ naⁿ-zha o-do-tʰe tʰi ki-ha i-ya-we (koišéttą nąža ódotʰe tʰi kihá iyáwe) - and/then/man eater/had come/already/they say [JOD]

► ex: naⁿ-zha a-shi o-a-te naⁿ taⁿ-iⁿ tʰi (ną́ža áši oatté ną ttą́į́ tʰi) - then when I looked back (searching), he appeared in sight, he had come [JOD]

► ex: naⁿ-zha di-o-za hi o-xde (ną́ža dióza hí oxdé) - then in a very short time he overtook her [JOD]

► ex: naⁿ-zha o-di-o-za hi o-do-tʰe tʰi ki-ha (ną́ža ódióza hí ódotʰe tʰí kihá) - then, in a very short time the man eater had come [JOD]

► ex: naⁿ-zha i-de i-ya-we, o-te shoⁿ-niⁿ i-de, i-ya-we (ną́ža íde iyáwe, otté šǫ-nį́ íde, iyáwe) - then he found/saw him, they said, after he had sought him for some time, he found/saw him, they said [JOD]

► ex: naⁿ-zha wa-zhiⁿ-ka naⁿ maⁿ ki-di-ze kaⁿ-niⁿ i-ya-we, wa-zhiⁿ-ka t’e-de naⁿ-haⁿ ki-di-ze kaⁿ-niⁿ i-ya-we, maⁿ kʰe de-de naⁿ-haⁿ a-ki-de naⁿ ki-k’i kaⁿ-niⁿ, i-ya-we (ną́ža wažį́ka ną mą kidizé ką-nį iyáwe, wažį́ka tʔéde nąhą́ kidizé ką-nį́ iyáwe, mą́ kʰe déde nąhą akidé ną kikʔí ką-nį́, iyáwe) - when he would shoot at a bird, he would get his arrow for him, when he killed a bird, he got it for him, if he shot an arrow off, he would go after it and give it back to him, he was moving around doing this for awhile, they said [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ e-ti knoⁿ-ke te i-ka-zo-zo ka-xe a-taⁿ a-ki-niⁿ hi taⁿ toⁿ-we taⁿ naⁿ-zha, “e-koⁿ te,” i-ke (kóišǫ́ttą étti knǫké tte íkazózo káγe attą́ akínį hí tą tǫ́we tą ną́ža, “ekǫ́ tte,” iké) - then he wrote the letter (asking) to marry and took it to her, when she looked at it she said, “so shall it be (it will be so)” [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ naⁿ-zha wa-x’o niⁿ kde, i-ya-we, nika ti-te-ki-de kʰe ki-k’iⁿ aⁿ-taⁿ kde, i-ya-we (kóišǫ́ttą ną́ža waxʔó nį kdé, iyáwe, níkka títtekidé kʰe kíkʔį ą́ttą kdé, iyáwe) - then the woman started homeward, they say, when she had cooked her husband, she started home packing him on her back, they say [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ naⁿ-zha wa-x’o zhi-ka shi-zhi-ka zho-wa-ki-kde wa-kda-niⁿ hi taⁿ a-di-xe (kóišǫ́ttą ną́ža waxʔó žiká nįkʰé šižíka žówakíkde wákdanį hí tą adiγé) - and then the old woman married him, she took her children along with her [JOD]

► ex: naⁿ-zha shi-naⁿ o-niⁿ-hi a-ba-zo i-ya-we (ną́ža šiną́ onįhí abazó iyáwe) - then/again/directly opposite/pointed/they say [JOD]

 

► to-kʰe-tʰaⁿ (tokʰétʰaⁿ) - they were there then [JOD]

► ex: si-ka taⁿ-ka zho-hi hi to-kʰe-tʰaⁿ (síkka ttą́ka žóhi hí tokʰétʰaⁿ) - there were many turkeys there then [JOD]

 

then, but then

► e-tte e-hi (étʰe éhi) - well, but then [JOD]

► ex: e-te e-hi, i-ye naⁿ-hi (étte éhi, iye nąhí) - well, but then, is all she said [JOD]

 

then, from then on

► e-shoⁿ-we e-ti-tʰaⁿ (ešǫ́we ettítʰą) - and from then on

► cf. e-shoⁿ-we (ešǫ́we) - then; e-ti-tʰaⁿ (ettítʰą), e-ti-taⁿ (ettítą) - thence, subsequently; from then on

 

► e-toⁿ-ti-tʰaⁿ (éttǫttítʰą) - therefore, from that time [JOD]

► e-toⁿ-ti-tʰaⁿ (éttǫttítʰą) - therefore, from then on

► cf. e-toⁿ (ettǫ́) - therefore; e-ti-tʰaⁿ (ettítʰą) - from then on; thence, subsequently

► ex: e-toⁿ-ti-tʰaⁿ (éttǫttítʰą) - therefore, from that time [JOD]

► ex: e-toⁿ-ti-tʰaⁿ, sni-wa-te hi-zhi naⁿ, i-ya (éttǫttítʰą, sniwátte hí-ži ną, iyá) - Therefore, from that time on, it has not been very cold, it is said (before that it was much colder than it is now, now we have the female Winter) [JOD]

► Dhegiha: a-doⁿ-e-di-tʰoⁿ (ádoⁿedítʰoⁿ) - therefore, consequently [Omaha/Ponca]

► Dhegiha: e-doⁿ (e-dóⁿ) - therefore [FL-Osage]; e-taⁿ (étą) - therefore [CQ-Osage]; e-daⁿ (édaⁿ) - so, therefore [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: e-dsi-toⁿ (e-dsí-toⁿ) - thence; from that place [FL-Osage]; e-ji-khaⁿ (ejíkhaⁿ) - there, from, thither, from that place [Kaw]

 

then, now and then

► tʰi-da-da (tʰidáda) - start now and then to do something ► a-tʰi-bda-bda (atʰíbdabdá) - I, da-tʰi-ta-ta (datʰíttattá) - we, tʰi-oⁿ-da-da-we (tʰiǫ́dadawé) - we

► cf. tʰi-de (tʰidé) - pass by, come forth at birth, to begin suddenly; tʰi-kde (tʰikdé) - become suddenly; tʰi-kda-kda (tʰíkdakdá) - repeat a sudden action, they begin suddenly now and then; tʰi-he (tʰihé) - becomes in a lg. line; to have become suddenly

► ex: taⁿ-niⁿ tʰi-da-da naⁿ (ttą́nį tʰidáda ną) - to run/starting often/regularly [JOD]

► ex: “e-ska, wi-zhiⁿ-ke, she-to maⁿ-di-taⁿ pi-oⁿ taⁿ-niⁿ tʰi-da-da naⁿ e-koⁿ kaⁿ,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“éska, wižį́ke, šétto mądíttą ppiǫ́ ttą́nį tʰidáda ną ékǫ kką,” iyí iyá maštį́ke) - “oh my son I hope that you become like a boy that knows how to pull a bow well and begins to run now and then for short distances,” it is said Rabbit said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: tʰi-tha-tha (tʰithátha) - beginning suddenly now and then; beginning suddenly and repeatedly [Omaha/Ponca]

 

► i-ye da-shnaⁿ-shnaⁿ-zhi (íye dašną́šnąži) - speak very plainly, making no mistakes now and then [JOD]

► cf. i-ye (íye) - talk, speak; i-ye (iyé), i-e (ié) - say; i-ye (íye) - word; da-shnaⁿ-zhi (dašną́ži) - talk correctly

► ex: i-ye da-shnaⁿ-shnaⁿ-zhi pa (íye dašną́šnąži-ppá) - speak very plainly, making no mistakes now and then/the ones who [JOD]

► ex: “e-ska, wi-zhiⁿ-ke, shi-zhi-ka o-ki-ki-a-wi taⁿ i-ye da-shnaⁿ-shnaⁿ-zhi pa e-koⁿ kaⁿ,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“éska, wižį́ke, šižíka okkíkkiawi-tą íye dašną́šnąži-ppá ékǫ kką,” iyí iyá maštį́ke) - “oh my son I hope that you become like children who speak to one another very plainly without missing a word, it is said Rabbit said [JOD]

 

► i-ye tʰi-kda-kda (íye tʰíkdakdá) - begin to speak suddenly to one another now and then [JOD]

► cf. i-ye (íye) - talk, speak; i-ye (iyé), i-e (ié) - say; i-ye (íye) - word; tʰi-kda-kda (tʰíkdakdá) - repeat a sudden action, they begin suddenly now and then; tʰi-kde (tʰikdé) - become suddenly

► ex: o-ki-ki-e i-ye tʰi-kda-kda-pa (okkíkkie íye tʰíkdakdá-ppa) - talking to one another/to speak/they begin suddenly now and then/the ones who [JOD]

► ex: “e-ska, wi-zhiⁿ-ke, shi-zhi-ka o-ki-ki-e i-ye tʰi-kda-kda-pa e-koⁿ koⁿ,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“éska, wižį́ke, šižíka okkíkkie íye tʰíkdakdá-ppa ekǫ́ kkǫ́,” iyí iyá maštį́ke) - “my child, I wish that you would become like children who begin to speak suddenly to one another.” it is said Rabbit said [JOD]

 

there

► e-ta (etta) - there [JOD]

► cf. e (e) - that, he, she, it; ta (tta) - to, at, toward, in that direction

► ex: e-ta de-de o-ka-xde (ettá déde okáxde) - face the other way

► ex: e-ta-do-shi (éttadóši) - around by the other side

► ex: e-ta-ha (ettahá) - over there [JOD]

► ex: e-ta-kaⁿ-za (ettákkąza) - above, directly, opposite

► ex: e-ta-ki-kaⁿ-za (ettákkikką́za) - opposite, even with, parallel

► ex: e-ta-ko-iⁿ-xe hi (ettákóįγe hi) - he came around to him [JOD]

► ex: e-ta te-ta (ettá ttetta) - at or on the right side, may just be ‘side’

► ex: e-ta te-ta i-di-shaⁿ (étta ttétta ídišą) - around in that direction

► Dhegiha: e-ta (ĕ́ʇa) - there [JOD-Omaha]; e-ʰta (e-ṭá) - thitherward; toward the person [FL-Osage]; e-ta (éta) - there, towards that place [Kaw]

 

► e-ti (étti), (ettí) - there, then

► cf. e (e) - that, he, she, it; ti (tti) - at, by, in; locative

► ex: e-ti e-naⁿ-hi kaⁿ-tʰaⁿ (étti enąhí ką-tʰą́) - there/alone/she was standing so awhile [JOD]

► ex: e-ti e-naⁿ-hi kaⁿ-tʰaⁿ taⁿ ta-bde de naⁿ (étti enąhí ką-tʰą́ tą tábde dé ną) - she was there alone, when he went hunting [JOD]

► ex: e-ti zhoⁿ-wi (ettí žǫ́wi) - they (the two of them) laid down there [JOD]

► ex: e-ti da-tʰe shoⁿ-niⁿ-kʰe taⁿ-niⁿ da-we (étti datʰé šǫ́-nįkʰé ttą́nį dáwe) - he sat there eating (the puppy) while they ran away [JOD]

► ex: e-ti shoⁿ-zhi-ka i-da-bniⁿ tʰaⁿ ki-ki-knaⁿ-wi (étti šǫ́žiká ídabnį tʰą kíkikną́wi) - there, they put their third pup down for him [JOD]

► ex: e-ti o-ma-ni-ka kde-bnaⁿ-taⁿ sa-taⁿ a-kniⁿ e-aⁿ-na-ska a-ni-he maⁿ (etí ománikka kdébnąttą́ sattą́ aknį́ eą́naska aníhe mą́) - I was fifteen years of age there

► ex: e-ti o-i-he (étti óihé) - follow, go with, attend

► ex: e-ti-hi (ettíhi) - at that time

► ex: e-ti-tʰaⁿ (ettítʰą) - thence, subsequently, from then on

► ex: e-ti e-zha (étti éža) - and then [JOD]

► Dhegiha: e-di (édi), (edí) - by, at, in, to; there; thither; said of time as well as place: then, when; used in making an assertion: it is there [Omaha/Ponca]; e-di (edi) - there; over there; at [Omaha]; e-dsi (e-dsí) - there [FL-Osage]; e-tsi (ecí) - be present here/there, exist here/there; be at that time; and, plus [CQ-Osage]; e-ji (ejí), (éji) - there, in that place; to that place, thither [Kaw]

 

there he is

► she iⁿ (šé į) - there he is

► cf. she (šé) - that, that visible, that visible thing; iⁿ (į) - oral stop, period

► ex: she iⁿ (šé į) - that visible thing/period [JOD]

► ex: “iⁿ-kaⁿ-e she iⁿ,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke tʰaⁿ (“įkką́-e, šé į,” iyí iyá maštį́ke tʰą) - “grandmother! there he is,” said the rabbit [JOD]

► Dhegiha: she (she) - that way, that course or direction; that [Omaha/Ponca]; she (ce) - that way or course; that: refers to an object in sight of or near the speaker and the one addressed [JOD-Omaha]; she (she) - that; refers to an object to the right of or near the speaker [Omaha/Ponca]; she (she) - there; that one [FL-Osage]; she (še) - that (near you) [CQ-Osage]; she (šée) - that, that one near you; here near you; there near you, there (closer to the hearer than to the speaker); him/her/it (closer to the hearer than to the speaker); she (she) - that (visible) [Kaw]

 

there is none

► ni-ke (niké) - to have none, be lacking ► aⁿ-ni-ke (ąníke) - I, di-ni-ke (diníke) - you

► niⁿ-ke (niñk͓é) - none [JOD]

► ex: ni niⁿ-ke (ni nįké) - no water [JOD]

► ex: wa-niⁿ-ke-hi-we (wanį́kehiwé) - we have none at all [JOD]

► ex: ta-taⁿ da-tʰe tʰe niⁿ-ke-hi-wi (táttą datʰé tʰe nįkéhiwí) - they had nothing to eat, “something to eat, they were lacking” [JOD]

► ex: ma-ze-ni ni-ke (mazéni niké) - there ain’t no milk [MS]

► ex: ni-ke hi (niké hí) - there is none [OM]

► ex: she-to zhi-ka ma-ze-ni ni-ke niⁿ (šétto žíka mazéni niké nį) - little boy ain’t got no milk [MS]

► Dhegiha: thiⁿ-ge (thiⁿgé) - lack, to lack, to not have, there is none [Omaha/Ponca]; thiⁿ-ge (thiⁿge) - blank, obsolete, zero, vanish, nothing, none, erosion, absent, lack [Omaha]; thiⁿ-ge (thiⁿ́-ge) - to have none, nothing [FL-Osage]; thiⁿ-ke (ðįįké), iⁿ-ke (įįké) - lack a thing, be devoid of, be lacking, not have something any longer, have nothing [CQ-Osage]; thiⁿ-ke (ðįké), iⁿ-ke (įké) - be none, be gone, absent, extinct, nonexistent, lacking, pass away, vanish, not, not at all [CQ-Osage]; yiⁿ-ge (yíⁿgé) - lack, none, be none, be without [Kaw]

 

there, arrive or reach there

► hi (hi) - arrive, reach there, have been ► pʰi (pʰi) - I, shi (ši) - you, hi (hí) - he/she/it, hi-we (híwe) - they, aⁿ-ka-hi (ąkáhi), oⁿ-ka-hi (ǫkáhi) - we, I and one other, aⁿ-ka-hi-we (ąkáhiwe) - we

► hi (hi) - come, be coming here (not own)

► cf. a-kda-niⁿ hi (akdánį hi) - to come hither with one’s own; a-ki-hi (akihí) - he went thither for it [JOD]; a-ki-niⁿ hi (ákinį hi) - take something there for someone; a-niⁿ hi (anį́ hi) - take it thither [JOD]; e-ta-koiⁿ-xe hi (ettákoįγe hi) - he came around to him; i-hi (ihí) - arrive, reach the place; hi-kʰi-de (híkʰide) - send, cause to arrive there; ko-wa-hi-niⁿ (kówahinį) - that arrived sg/mv/an, the one who has reached; o-hi-kniⁿ (ohíknį) - to come to and sit, to reach/arrive and sit, to get into and sit [JOD]

► Dhegiha: hi (hi) - to have been there, to have reached there [Omaha/Ponca]; hi (hí), a-hi (ahí) - to arrive [JOD-Omaha]; a-hi (ahi) - approach, arrive there [Omaha]; hi (hi) - to arrive at a place [FL-Osage]; hi (hí), a-hi (ahí) - go there (motion accomplished), come here, arrive there, be there, be in attendance, stop in, go by, come by, get (e.g., “get old”), become, begin to, start to, suddenlt start to; initial a is often omitted, regularly so with 1^st singular and second person subject [CQ-Osage]; hi (hi) - arrive, reach there [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: hu (hu) - to be coming to this place [FL-Osage]; hu (hú), a-hu (ahú) - come here (motion underway); initial a is often omitted, regularly so with 1^st singular and second person subject [CQ-Osage]; hu (hu) - come to a place that is not one’s own, be coming here [Kaw]

 

► pʰi (pʰi) - I arrive, reach there, have been

► ex: pʰi a-ni-he, i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (pʰi anihé, iyí iyá maštį́ke) - so I have been coming here, replied the rabbit, it is said (they say) [JOD)]

► ex: pʰi a-ni-he naⁿ pa-ze de taⁿ a-kniⁿ (pʰí aníhe ną́ ppazé dé tą aknį́) - I was coming/I who move/when/after dark/when/I camped [JOD]

► ex: a-zho-wa hi pʰí a-ni-he, so-te a-ni-he, aⁿ-xda te a-zhaⁿ-miⁿ (ažowá hi pʰí aníhe, sótte aníhe, ą́xde tte ažąmį́) - I was coming as fast as possible, I was moving fast, I thought he was going to overtake me [JOD]

► ex: she-mi-zhi-ka a-kda-bniⁿ pʰi (šémižíka akdábnį pʰí) - I came here with my little girl [JOD]

► ex: wa-shkaⁿ pʰi maⁿ-te kʰe-ti (wášką pʰí mątté kʰettí) - I was trying with all my effort to reach there, to the canoe [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ pʰi-a-ki-de (hǫnį́ttą pʰi-ákidé) - how can I get myself there (cause myself to reach there) [JOD]

► ex: a-ki-pʰi (akípʰi) - I reached there, having gone for it; I went there for it [JOD]

► Dhegiha: pi (pí) - I arrive, I have been coming [JOD-Omaha]; pshi (pshi), pshi e (pshi e) - I went, I have been [FL-Osage]; pshi (pší), pshi-e (pšíe) - I went, I be there [CQ-Osage]

phi (phi) - I arrive, reach there [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: pshu (pšú) - I come [CQ-Osage]; phu (phu) - I come to a place that is not my own, be coming here [Kaw]

 

► shi (ši) - you arrive, reach there, have been

► ex: ha-ki shi e (háki ši e) - where have you been? [MS]

► ex: e-shoⁿ shi e-koⁿ (ešǫ́ ši ekǫ́) - yet/you reached there/as [JOD]

► ex: “e-shoⁿ shi e-koⁿ t’e-di-da-we,” i-ye niⁿ i-ya (“ešǫ́ ši ekǫ́ tʔédidawĕ,” iyé nį iyá) - “then, you went and thus, like that, they killed you,” she was saying, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: wa-da-ki-tiⁿ shi (wádakittį́ ší) - you took it thither for some one [JOD]

► ex: “he-be wa-da-ki-tiⁿ shi a-zhaⁿ-miⁿ,” i-yi i-ya (“hébe wádakittį́ ší ážąmį́,” iyí iyá) - “I think that you took a piece for someone,” it is said he said.

► Dhegiha: shi (shi) - you have been there, you reached there [Omaha/Ponca]; shi (shi) - you went [FL-Osage]; shi (ši), shi-e (šíe) - you went, you come, you arrive [CQ-Osage]; shi (shi) - you [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: shu (šú), tha-hiu (ðahǘ) - you come [CQ-Osage]; shu (shu) - you come to a place that is your own, be coming here [Kaw]

 

► hi ni-he (hí-nihé) - you come (imperative)

► ex: hi ni-he (hí-nihé) - come thou!; you come! [JOD]

► Dhegiha: hi (hí), hi (híi), a-hi (ahí) - you come (imperative) [CQ-Osage]

 

► hi (hí) - he/she/it arrive, reach there, have been

► ex: a-shi-ti hi naⁿ (ášitti hí-ną) - outside of the lodge/arrived there/when

► ex: wa-x’o zhi-ka niⁿ a-shi-ti hi naⁿ (waxʔóžiká nį ášitti hí-ną) - when the old woman went outside [JOD]

► ex: a-shi-ti hi (ášitti hi) - he/she arrived outside; he/she went outside

► ex: ka-sa-ni-a-ti e zhiⁿ-ka tʰaⁿ a-shi-ti hi i-ya-we (kásaniáti e žįká tʰą ášitti hí iyáwe) - the next morning, that little/young one went outside, they said [JOD]

► ex: a-shi-ti hi te-ti ti-zhe o-ka-ki-xe-xti zhe i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke niⁿ (ášitti hi téti ttíže okákixe-xti že iyá maštį́ke nį) - the rabbit went outside, he defecated all around the entrance of the lodge, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: a-shi-ti hi o-taⁿ-ka hi taⁿ ma-shtiⁿ-ke t’e-de i-ya wa-sa (ášitti hi otąka hi tą maštį́ke tʔede iyá wasá) - just as soon as the black bear went outside, the rabbit shot the black bear, giving him a fatal wound, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ a-shi-ti hi i-ya wa-sa niⁿ, i-ya (kóišǫttą ášitti hi iyá wasá nį, iyá) - thus, the black bear went outside, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: e-ti hi-naⁿ (étti hí-ną) - there/arrive/usually [JOD]

► ex: “ni-ka-shi-ka e-ti hi-naⁿ wa-da-xo-we-naⁿ iⁿ,” i-yi i-ya wa-x’o-zhi-ka niⁿ-kʰe (“níkkašíka étti hí-ną wadáxowé-ną į́,” iyí iyá waxʔóžiká nįkʰé) - “when people go there, it always draws them into its mouth,” it is said the old woman said [JOD]

► ex: e-ti hi-naⁿ (étti hí-ną) - there/arrived/when [JOD]

► ex: ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-ti hi-naⁿ, di-xa-zhi wa-da-xo-we i-ba-hoⁿ naⁿ, i-ya (maštį́ke étti hí-ną, dixáži wadáxowé íbahǫ ną́, iyá) - when rabbit arrived there, hill that draws things (people) into its mouth knew him, it is said [JOD]

► ex: e-ti hi naⁿ (étti hí ną) - there/arrived/past sign

► ex: e-ti hi naⁿ i-ya maⁿ-tʰo (étti hí ną iyá mątʰó) - grizzly bear arrived there, it is said [JOD]

► ex: e-ti hi (étti hí) - he/she arrived there, he went there

► ex: e-ti hi naⁿ di-shpa-shpa ke (étti hi ną dišpášpa ke) - when she arrived there, the torn pieces were scattered about [JOD]

► ex: wa-x’o zhi-ka niⁿ zho-kde e-ti hi naⁿ i-ya (waxʔóžiká nį žokdé étti hi ną iyá) - the old woman accompanied him as he went there, it is said (they say) [JOD)]

► ex: haⁿ-ba o-taⁿ-ka hi taⁿ (hą́ba otą́ka hi tą) - as soon as day arrived, as soon as the day broke [JOD]

► ex: haⁿ-ba o-taⁿ-ka hi taⁿ o-da-kda-x’a-x’a ta-i i-we-ke i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (hą́ba otą́ka hi ttą́ odákdaxʔáxʔa taí iwéke iyá maštį́ke) - as soon as day arrives, you’all will give the scalp yell, rabbit said to them, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: wa-sa ti-kde ke-ti hi taⁿ (wasá ttikdé ke-tti hi tą) - when he arrived to the black bear lodges [JOD]

► ex: she-mi e-zhi ke hi taⁿ wa-hiⁿ-ska ho-taⁿ kʰe za-ni di-za-i taⁿ wa-haⁿ-niⁿ-ke taⁿ e-naⁿ kaⁿ-tʰaⁿ (šémi éži ke hí tą wahį́ska hóttą kʰe zaní dizá-i tą wahą́nįké tą eną́ ką-tʰą) - when the other girls arrived, they took all the good calico, the orphan just stood there [JOD]

► ex: e she-mi i-ta-de taⁿ naⁿ-haⁿ zhi-ka hi taⁿ ka-i-she-taⁿ hi taⁿ e-hoⁿ niⁿ-kʰe t’e (é šémi íttadé tą nąhą́ žiká hí tą ká-išétą hí tą ehǫ́ nįkʰé tʔe) - when the girl that was born reached puberty her mother died [JOD]

► ex: wa-sa ti-kde ke-ti hi naⁿ (wasá ttikdé ke-tti hi ną) - when he arrived to the black bear village [JOD]

► ex: hi naⁿ naⁿ-zha haⁿ-ka e-zhiⁿ-ke o-te naⁿ i-ya-we (hí ną ną́ža hą́ka ežį́ke otté ną iyáwe) - then when he arrived he looked for (sought) Haⁿ-ka’s son, they said [JOD]

► ex: niⁿ-kʰe-ti hi (nįkʰétti hí) - to the sitting object/arrived [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ-tʰaⁿ-hi sni-wa-te niⁿ-kʰe-ti hi, i-ya (hǫ́tʰąhi sniwátte nįkʰétti hí, iyá) - after some time he arrived at the abode of the Winter, it is said [JOD]

► ex: wa-haⁿ-niⁿ-ke o-zhoⁿ-ke e-ki-zhi o-ha hi (wahą́nįke ožǫ́ke ekíži ohá hí) - the orphan arrived following along a different road [JOD]

► ex: de niⁿ e-shoⁿ-hi haⁿ-ka toⁿ niⁿkʰe-ti hi (de nį́ ešǫhí hą́ka ttǫ nįkʰétti hí) - after he was going for some time, he arrived at the Haⁿ-ka village [JOD]

► ex: e-shoⁿ miⁿ-xti o-shte tʰaⁿ sh’a-taⁿ-ka do-taⁿ-ti hi (ešǫ́ mį́xti ošté tʰą šʔattą́ka dottą́tti hí) - then the one that remained went straight to the devil [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ o-zha ka-ki da-i ke ka-hi-ke taⁿ-ka e-zhi-ke a-ki-da-i ke taⁿ hi (kóišǫ́ttą óža káki dá-i ke kahíke ttąka ežíke ákidá-i ké tą hí) - then/to dance/there/they went/the pl./chief/large/his son/they took part with (=danced)/the pl. when/she arrived [JOD]

► ex: hi-pʰe kʰe taⁿ hi i-ya-we (hipʰé kʰé tą hí iyáwe) - she had fallen when he arrived, they say [JOD]

► ex: wa-haⁿ-niⁿ-ke o-zhoⁿ-ke e-ki-zhi o-ha hi (wahą́nįke ožǫ́ke ekíži ohá hí) - the orphan arrived following along a different road [JOD]

► ex: zhoⁿ di-ze hi, i-ya-we (žǫ́ díze hí, iyáwe) - she went to get wood, they said [JOD]

► ex: he-be a-ki-niⁿ hi niⁿ (hébe ákinį hí nį́) - part/he took thither for him/the moving one [JOD]

► ex: e-shoⁿ maⁿ-ʰto zhi-ka niⁿ he-be a-ki-niⁿ hi niⁿ naⁿ, i-ya (ešǫ́ mątʰó žiká nį́ hébe ákinį hí nį́ ną, iyá) - then the young grizzly bear took a piece for him (rabbit), it is said [JOD]

► ex: e-ti mi-ka niⁿ maⁿ-shka da-tʰe hi niⁿ naⁿ (ettí mikká nį mą́ška dátʰe hi nį́ ną) - raccoon arrived there and ate crawfish [JOD]

► ex: ti-zhe ti hi na-zhiⁿ a-taⁿ xa-ke koⁿ-ze tʰaⁿ naⁿ i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (ttíže-ttí-hi nažį́-attą́ γaké kǫzé tʰą ną́ iyá maštįke) - the rabbit arrived to the entrance of the lodge and stood there, pretending cry, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: maⁿ-tʰe hi-naⁿ (mą́tʰe hí-ną) - within/arrived/when [JOD]

► ex: di-xa-zhi wa-da-xo-we o-kdo-x’a maⁿ-tʰe hi-naⁿ i-ki-aⁿ-shki-ka-naⁿ, i-ya (dixáži wadáxowé okdóxʔa mą́tʰe hí-ną íkiąškiká-ną, iyá) - hill that draws things (people) into its mouth felt very uncomfortable throughout its interior, on account of him (rabbit) arriving inside, it is said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: hi (hi) - he/she arrived, he reach there [JOD-Omaha]; a-hi (ahí) - he/she arrive there [JOD-Omaha]; hi (hi) - he arrive [FL-Osage]; hi-pe (hípe) - it’s arrived [CQ-Osage]; a-hi-pe (ahípe) - he came [CQ-Osage]; a-hi-be (ahíbe) - he/she/it arrive, reach there [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: hu (hú) - it’s coming [CQ-Osage]; a-hu-be (ahube) - he/she/it come to a place that is not it’s own [Kaw]

 

► hi-we (híwe), hi-wi (híwi), hi-pa (hi-ppá) - they arrive, reach there, have been

► ex: “hi-we o-da,” i-ya-we i-ya (“hiwé odá,” iyáwe iyá) - they (black bears) said, “they’ve arrived, tell it!” it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: wa-sa za-ni hi a-shi-ti hi-we, i-ya (wasá zaní hi ášitti híwe, iyá) - all of the black bears came outside, (of their lodges), it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: wa-sa be-ni-zhi e-ti hi-we, i-ya (wasá béniji ĕ́ti híwĕ, iyá) - everyone of the black bears went there, (to the lodge were the rabbit was), it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: e-ti hí-naⁿ-we (étti hí-ną-wé) - there/they arrived in the past [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ-tʰaⁿ-hi e-ti hí-naⁿ-we, i-ya (hǫ́tʰąhi étti hí-ną-wé, iyá) - then when they (the hunting party) arrived there, it is said [JOD]

► ex: e-ti hí-naⁿ-we shi-naⁿ di-xa-zhi wa-da-xo-we niⁿ-kʰe i-ka-naⁿ, i-ya (étti hí-ną-wé šíną dixáži wadáxowé nįkʰé íka-ną, iyá) - when they reached the Hill that draws things (people) into its mouth, again it opened its mouth, it is said [JOD]

► ex: e-ti hi-wi naⁿ (étti híwi ną́) - there/they arrived there/when [JOD]

► ex: wa-sa ka-hi-ke taⁿ-ka niⁿ-kʰe ni-ka-shi-ka zho-hi hi e-ti hi-wi naⁿ t’e-da-we i-ya i-we-ke i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke niⁿ-kʰe (wasá kahíke ttą́ka nįkʰe níkkašíka žóhi hi étti híwi ną́ tʔédawé iyá iwéke iyá maštį́ke nįkʰe) - they say that a great many people went there and they killed the black bear principal chief, the rabbit said to them, it is said [JOD]

► ex: ni-ka-shi-ka e-taⁿ-ni-hi-pa (níkkašíka ettą́ni-hi-ppá) - people/they first/arrived/the mv. objects [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ-tʰaⁿ-hi ni-ka-shi-ka e-taⁿ-ni-hi-pa t’a-i ni-ha wa-hi ke wa-ska-ha hí ke naⁿ, i-ya (hǫ́tʰąhi níkkašíka ettą́ni-hi-ppá tʔaí nihá wahí ke waskáha hí ke ną, iyá) - and then (when the Rabbit had gone very far into the Hill) there lay a long line of whitened bones of some of the people who had been first to arrive there and had died, it is said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: a-hi-bi (ahí-bi) - they reached the place, they arrived there [JOD-Omaha]; a-hi-be (ahibe) - they arrive, reach there [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: a-hu a-pa (ahú apa), a-hu a-pai (ahú apaí) - they come [CQ-Osage]; a-hu-be (ahube) - they come to a place that is not their own, be coming here [Kaw]

 

► aⁿ-ka-hi (ąkáhi), oⁿ-ka-hi (ǫkáhi) - we, I and one other

► ex: “aⁿ-ka-hi tai,” wa-x’o zhi-ka i-ki-e niⁿ (“ąkáhi taí,” waxʔó-žiká ikíé nį) - “we will arrive there/we will go,” the old woman was saying to him [JOD]

► ex: a-shi-oⁿ-he-taⁿ she-ta oⁿ-ka-hi taⁿ-ka-tʰaⁿ (ášiǫhéttą šétta ǫkáhi ttąkatʰą́) - later on, we will reach there (where you are)

► Dhegiha: aⁿ-ga-hi (añgáhi) - we reach, we arrive [JOD-Omaha]; aⁿ-ka-hi (ąkáhi) - we (I and one other) went, we’ve been there [CQ-Osage]; aⁿ-ga-hi-be (aⁿgáhibe) - we arrive, reach there [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: aⁿ-ga-hu-be (aⁿgahube) - we come to a place that is not our own, be coming here [Kaw]

 

there, arrive or reach there having gone for something

► a-ki-hi (akihí) - reach there having gone for something

► cf. a-ki-de (akíde) - go for something not one’s own; fetch; a-ki-kdi (ákikdí) - bring back, brought back [JOD]; a-ki-tʰi (akítʰi) - to have arrived here to get someone’s

► ex: a-ki-pʰi (akípʰi) - I reached there, having gone for it [JOD]

► ex: a-ki-niⁿ kda-i taⁿ, a-ki-de aⁿ-ka-zhiⁿ naⁿ, a-ki-pʰi, a-ki-bniⁿ a-kdi (ákinį́ kdái tą, akíde ą́kažį ną, akípʰi, ákibnį akdí) - they took it from him, he told me to go get it, I went there for it, I brought it back to him [JOD]

► ex: a-ki-hi (akihí) - he went thither for it [JOD]

► ex: ni a-ki-hi (ní aki hí) - he went there for water [JOD]

► Dhegiha: a-gi-hi (a-gí-hi) - to reach there, not his home, in order to get something not his own [JOD-Omaha]; a-gi-hi (a-gí-hi) - he has been after something [FL-Osage]; a-gu-hi (águ hi) - arrive there to get something that is not one’s own [Kaw]; a-gu-hu (águ hú) - be coming here (to a place not one’s own home) to get something that is not one’s own [Kaw]

 

there, arrive there

► e-ti hi (ettí hi) - arrive there ► e-ti pʰi (ettí pʰi) - I, e-ti shi (ettí ši) - you, e-ti hi (ettí hi) - he/she, e-ti aⁿ-ka-hi (ettí ąkáhi) - we, e-ti hi-we (ettí híwe), e-ti hi-wi (ettí híwi) - they

► cf. e-ti (ettí) - there; hi (hi) - arrive, reach there, have been

► ex: e-ti hi (étti hi) - there/arrive; there/arrived; there/arrived there [JOD]

► ex: wa-sa ka-hi-ke niⁿ-kʰe ti e-ti hi naⁿ i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (wasá kahíke niⁿkʰe ti étti hi ną iyá maštį́ke) - rabbit arrived there, to where the black bear chief resides, it is said [JOD]

► ex: wa-x’o zhi-ka niⁿ zho-kde e-ti hi naⁿ, i-ya (waxʔóžiká nį žokdé étti hi ną, iyá) - the old woman arrived there with him, it is said [JOD]

► ex: e-ti hi naⁿ, di-shpa-shpa ke (étti hi ną, dišpášpa ke) - when she arrived there, the torn pieces were scattered about [JOD]

► ex: ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-ti hi-naⁿ, di-xa-zhi wa-da-xo-we i-ba-hoⁿ naⁿ, i-ya (maštį́ke étti hí-ną, dixáži wadáxowé íbahǫ ną́, iyá) - when Rabbit arrived there, Hill that draws things (people) into its mouth knew him, it is said [JOD]

► ex: “ni-ka-shi-ka e-ti hi-naⁿ wa-da-xo-we-naⁿ iⁿ,” i-yi i-ya wa-x’o-zhi-ka niⁿ-kʰe (“níkkašíka étti hí-ną wadáxowé-ną į́,” iyí iyá waxʔóžiká nįkʰé) - “when people go there, it always draws them into its mouth,” it is said the old woman said [JOD]

► ex: maⁿ-tʰo niⁿ e-ti hi naⁿ, i-ya (mątʰó nį étti hi ną, iyá) - the Grizzly bear arrived there, it is said [JOD]

► ex: e-ti hi naⁿ i-ya maⁿ-tʰo (étti hí ną iyá mątʰó) - Grizzly bear arrived there, it is said [JOD]

► ex: e-ti hi-we (étti híwe), e-ti hi-wi (étti híwi) - there/they arrived there; there/they arrived there [JOD]

► ex: wa-sa be-ni-zhi e-ti hi-we, i-ya (wasá béniži étti híwe, iyá) - everyone of the black bears went there (to the lodge where the rabbit was), it is said [JOD]

► ex: “wa-sa ka-hi-ke taⁿ-ka niⁿ-kʰe ni-ka-shi-ka zho-hi hi e-ti hi-wi naⁿ t’e-da-we, i-ya,” i-we-ke, i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke niⁿ-kʰe “wasá kahíke ttą́ka nįkʰe níkkašíka žóhi hi étti híwi ną́ tʔédawé, iyá,” iwéke, iyá maštį́ke nįkʰe) - “it is said that a great many people went to the black bear principal chief and there they killed him,” the rabbit said to them, it is said [JOD]

► ex: e-ti hí-naⁿ-we (étti hí-ną-wé) - there/they arrived in the past [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ-tʰaⁿ-hi e-ti hí-naⁿ-we, i-ya (hǫ́tʰąhi étti hí-ną-wé, iyá) - then when they (the hunting party) arrived there, it is said [JOD]

► ex: e-ti hí-naⁿ-we shi-naⁿ di-xa-zhi wa-da-xo-we niⁿ-kʰe i-ka-naⁿ, i-ya (étti hí-ną-wé šíną dixáži wadáxowé nįkʰé íka-ną, iyá) - when they reached the Hill that draws things (people) into its mouth, again it opened its mouth, it is said [JOD]

 

there, arrived or reached there

► e-ti kʰi (ettí kʰi) - arrived or returned there, to one’s own

► cf. e-ti (ettí) - there; kʰi (kʰi) - arrive back at one’s own

► ex: e-ti kʰi (étti kʰí) - there/reached home [JOD]

► ex: sni-wa-te e-ti kʰi, i-ya (sniwátte étti kʰí, iyá) - Winter had returned there, to his home, it is said [JOD]

 

► e-ti ki (ettí ki) - arrived or returned there again

► cf. e-ti (ettí) - there; ki (ki) - be returning to here

► ex: e-ti ki (ettí ki) - there/reached again [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ-tʰaⁿ-hi, pa-ze he-be taⁿ, ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-ti ki, i-ya (hǫ́tʰąhí, ppáze hebé tą, maštį́ke ettí ki, iyá) - after a while, when it was dusk, Rabbit returned there (to Winter’s home), it is said [JOD]

► ex: e-ti ki naⁿ (étti ki) - there/reached there again [JOD]

► ex: e-shoⁿ e-zhiⁿ-ke niⁿ e-ti ki naⁿ, i-ya (ešǫ́ ežį́ke nį étti ki ną, iyá) - then his son arrived there (to the place of the slaughter), it is said [JOD]

► ex: e-ti ki (étti kí) - there/reached again [JOD]

► ex: e-ti ki naⁿ, i-ya (étti kí ną, iyá) - he arrived there (at the lodge of the Grizzly bear), it is said [JOD]

 

there, at or to that place

► she-ta (šétta) - there, at or to that place

► cf. she (šé) - that; ta (tta) - to, at, toward, in that direction

► ex: she-ta a-kʰi-kniⁿ ta miⁿ-kʰe (šétta akʰíknį tta mįkʰé) - I will return thither (in sight) and take my seat

► ex: she-ta da-kʰi-kniⁿ naⁿ (šétta dakʰíknį ną́) - return thither and take your seat!

► ex: di-taⁿ-niⁿ e-ti da! a-shi-oⁿ-he-taⁿ she-ta pi te (díttąnį étti dá! ášiǫhéttą šétta ppi tte) - you go there first! I will join you later on

► ex: a-shi-oⁿ-he-taⁿ she-ta oⁿ-ka-hi ta oⁿ-ka-tʰaⁿ (ášiǫhéttą šétta ǫkáhi tta ǫkatʰą́), a-shi-oⁿ-he-taⁿ she-ta oⁿ-ka-hi taⁿ-ka-tʰaⁿ (ášiǫhéttą šétta ǫkáhi ttąkatʰą́) - later on, we will reach there (where you are)

► Dhegiha: she (she) - that way, that course or direction; that [Omaha/Ponca]; she (ce) - that way or course; that: refers to an object in sight of or near the speaker and the one addressed [JOD-Omaha]; she (she) - that; refers to an object to the right of or near the speaker [Omaha/Ponca]; she (she) - there; that one [FL-Osage]; she (še) - that (near you) [CQ-Osage]; she (šée) - that, that one near you; here near you; there near you, there (closer to the hearer than to the speaker); him/her/it (closer to the hearer than to the speaker); she (she) - that (visible) [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ta (-ta) - at, to [Omaha/Ponca]; ta (-ta) - suffix of position or of motion to a place; at; to [JOD-Omaha]; ʰta (ṭa) - in that direction [FL-Osage]; ʰta (ʰta) - toward, in the direction of, from, into [CQ-Osage]; ta (-ta) - in, at, towards: locative added to nouns or adverbs to create an adverb [Kaw]

 

there, cause to arrive there

► hi-kʰi-de (híkʰide) - send, cause to arrive there ► hi-a-kʰi-de (híakʰide) - I, hi-da-kʰi-de (hídakʰide) - you

► cf. hi (hi) - arrive, reach there, have been; kʰi-de (kʰide), (kʰíde) - cause to

► Dhegiha: hi (hi) - to have been there, to have reached there [Omaha/Ponca]; hi (hí), a-hi (ahí) - to arrive [JOD-Omaha]; a-hi (ahi) - approach, arrive there [Omaha]; hi (hi) - to arrive at a place [FL-Osage]; hi (hí), a-hi (ahí) - go there (motion accomplished), come here, arrive there, be there, be in attendance, stop in, go by, come by, get (e.g., “get old”), become, begin to, start to, suddenlt start to; initial a is often omitted, regularly so with 1^st singular and second person subject [CQ-Osage]; hi (hi) - arrive, reach there [Kaw]

 

there, go over there!

► she-do (šedó) - get out of the way!, imperative function

► she-do (šedó) - get away! [MS]

► cf. she-do (šédo) - yonder, there

► Dhegiha: she-thu (shéthu) - in that place which you see: there near you, or there where you are [Omaha/Ponca]; she-thu (shé-thu) - yonder, there where you are [FL-Osage]; she-tho (šeeðo), she-thoⁿ (šeeðǫ́) - there where you are, right there where you are, that person there [CQ-Osage]; she-yo (shèyó) - there in the distance, yonder [Kaw]

 

there, go there

► e-ti de (étti de) - go there ► e-ti bde (étti bdé) - I; e-ti te (étti tté) - you; e-ti de (étti dé) - he/she; e-ti aⁿ-ka-da-we (étti ąkádawe) - we; e-ti da-we (étti dáwe), e-ti da-wi (étti dáwi), e-ti da-i (étti daí) - they

► cf. e-ti (ettí) - there; de (de) - go

► ex: e-ti bde (étti bdé) - there/I go [JOD]

► ex: “haⁿ-e-taⁿ? e-ti bde te,” i-niⁿ-aⁿ i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“hą́ettą́? étti bdé tté,” ínįą́ iyá maštį́ke) - “why is this? I will go there,” thought Rabbit, it is said [JOD]

► ex: e-ti te na-ha! (étti tté nahá!) - there/you go/beware lest! [JOD]

► ex: e-ti te na-ha! i-ke naⁿ, i-ya (étti tté nahá! iké ną, iyá) - beware lest you go there!” she said to him, it is said [JOD]

► ex: “wa-sa ti-kde ke ta e-ti te na-ha!” i-ke i-ya e-kaⁿ niⁿ-kʰe (“wasá ttikdé ke tta étti tté nahá!” iké iyá eką́ nįkʰe) - “do not go to the village of the black bears!” his grandmother said to him, it is said [JOD]

► ex: e-ti te na-ha! i-di-si-si-ke hi ta-i e-de (étti tté nahá! idísisike hi ttai edé) - you do not go there! They will sure enough abuse you [JOD]

► ex: e-ti te na-ha! i-he naⁿ (étti tté nahá! ihé ną) - you do not go there! I’ve been saying [JOD]

► ex: e-ti de (étti dé) there/went [JOD]

► ex: e-shoⁿ e-ti de naⁿ wa-koⁿ-da naⁿ i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (ešǫ́ étti dé-ną wákkǫdá-ną iyá maštį́ke) - then Rabbit went there and attacked the game, it is said [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ-tʰaⁿ-hi maⁿ-te kdi-ze naⁿ e-ti de i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (hǫ́tʰąhi mą́tte kdíze ną étti dé iyá maštį́ke) - then, after some time, rabbit took his bow and went there, it is said [JOD]

► ex: ko-i-shoⁿ e-ti de naⁿ, i-ya (kóišǫ étti dé ną, iyá) - and then he went there, it is said [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ-tʰaⁿ-hi ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-ti de naⁿ, i-ya (hǫ́tʰąhi maštį́ke ettí dé ną, iyá) - and so it happened that Rabbit went there, it is said [JOD]

► ex: e-ti da (étti dá) - go there!

► ex: di-taⁿ-niⁿ e-ti da, a-shi-oⁿ-he-taⁿ she-ta pi te (díttąnį étti dá, ášiǫhéttą šétta ppi tte) - you go there first! and I will join you later on

► ex: di-e e-ti da (díe ettí dá) - you go! (you go there!) [MS]

► ex: e-ti da, iⁿ-knaⁿ (étti dá, įkną) - first son, you go there! [JOD]

► ex: e-ti da (étti dá) - there/go thou! [JOD]

► ex: di-te-ke wa-sa niⁿ-kʰe ta e-ti da! (dítteke wasá niⁿkʰe tta étti dá!) -  go to your uncle, the black bear! [JOD]

► ex: e-shoⁿ, “di-a-te da-ni-a-ki-da-na-zhiⁿ tʰe e-ti da,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-zhiⁿ-ke tʰaⁿ (ešǫ́, “diátte dániákidanážį tʰe étti dá,” iyí iyá maštį́ke ežį́ke tʰą) - then, “it shall be your duty to go and fetch water for your father,” it is said the Rabbit’s son said [JOD]

► ex: e-ti da-we! (étti dawé!) - there/go ye! [JOD]

► ex: “maⁿ-tʰo i-shta zhi-te e-ti da-we! te da-k’iⁿ da-kdi ta-i!” i-we-ke i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“mątʰó ištá žitté étti dawé! tté dakʔį dakdí ttai!” iwéke iyá maštį́ke) - “you’all go there, to the red-eyed Grizzly bear! you’all will pack the buffalo back here!” Rabbit said to them, it is said [JOD]

 

there, go there to one’s home

► e-ti kda! (étti kdá!) - go there to your home!

► cf. e-ti (ettí) - there; kde (kdé) - go home, to start homeward

► ex: e-ti kda! (étti kdá!) - there/go there; there/go thou [JOD]

► ex: “te k’iⁿ kde ta-i o-da-ke e-ti kda!” i-yi i-ya maⁿ-tʰo tʰaⁿ (“tté kʔį kdé ttai ódaké étti kdá!” iyí iyá mątʰó tʰą) - “go home and tell those there that they will pack the buffalo home!” it is said that the Grizzly bear said (the Grizzly bear ordered the Rabbit to return to the lodge and request the household to come and aid in carrying the buffalo meat to their home) [JOD]

► ex: e-ti kda-we-ka! (ettí kdawé-ka!) - there/go ye again/imperative [JOD]

ha-ki-de-de-tʰaⁿ da-tʰi-ke-we i-te e-ti kda-we-ka! (hákidedétʰą datʰí-ké-we itté ettí kdawé-ka!) - from wherever you’all may have come from, go there to your respective homes! [JOD]

► ex: e-ti kda (ek-tigadah) - go away, be off, command (va-t’en) [GI]

 

there, here and there

► i-kdi-za-za (íkdizáza) - stick to one here and there

► ex: zho i-kdi-za-za (žo íkdizáza) - flesh/adhering here and there to its own [JOD]

► ex: shi-naⁿ zho i-kdi-za-za hi ni-ha e-ti-ni-kʰa naⁿ, i-ya (ši-ną́ žo íkdizáza hí nihá ettí-nikʰá ną, iyá) - on and on, some (corpses) were sitting there with their flesh adhering here and there, it is said [JOD]

 

► kde-zha-zha (kdežáža) - spotted here and there

► cf. kde-zhe (kdéže) - spotted, speckled

► Dhegiha: gthe-zha-zha (gthezházha) - spotted, patterened [Omaha/Ponca]; gthe-zha-zha (gthe-zhá-zha) - spotted; spotted in different parts of the body [FL-Osage]

 

► sa-sa (sasá) - black here and there

► cf. sa (sa) - black

► Dhegiha: sa-sa-be (sásabe) - black spotted, black striped, black here and there, black in spots or stripes [Omaha/Ponca]

 

► tʰi-kda-kda (tʰíkdakdá) - repeat a sudden action

► cf. tʰi-kde (tʰikdé) - become suddenly; tʰi-he (tʰihé) - becomes in a lg. line; to have become suddenly; tʰi-de (tʰidé) - pass by, come forth at birth, to begin suddenly; tʰi-da-da (tʰidáda) - start now and then to do something

► ex: i-ye tʰi-kda-kda-pa (íye tʰíkdakdá-ppa) - to speak/they begin suddenly now and then/the ones who [JOD]

► ex: “e-ska, wi-zhiⁿ-ke, shi-zhi-ka o-ki-ki-e i-ye tʰi-kda-kda-pa e-koⁿ kaⁿ,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“éska, wižį́ke, šižíka okkíkkie íye tʰíkdakdá-ppa ekǫ́ kką,” iyí iyá maštį́ke) - “oh my son I hope that you become like children who begin to talk, saying words here and there, not speaking plainly or connectedly,” it is said Rabbit said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: tʰi-gtha-gtha (tʰigthágtha) - denotes sudden action at intervals [Omaha/Ponca]

► Dhegiha: tʰi-gthe (tʰígthe) - expressive of sudden action; used after other verbs [Omaha/Ponca]; ʰtsi-gthe (ṭsi-gthé) - denoting sudden action; sudden; suddenly [FL-Osage]

 

there, in that place

► ko-i-ta (kóitta) - there, in that place

► cf. ko-i (kói) - there, that; ta (-tta) - to, at, toward, in that direction; ko-i-ta de-de (kóitta déde) - a little to one side

► ex: i-ka-xa-ta ko-i-ta kniⁿ (íkaxátta kóitta knį́) - on the opposite side of the lodge/in that place/sit thou [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ-tʰaⁿ-hi, “i-ka-xa-ta ko-i-ta kniⁿ,” i-yi i-ya wa-sa niⁿ-kʰe (hǫ́tʰąhi, “íkaxátta kóitta knį́,” iyí iyá wasá niⁿkʰe) - then the black bear said, “sit over there on the other side of the lodge,” it is said (they say) [JOD]

► Dhegiha: gu-da (gúda), gu-a (gúa) - on that side of, beyond (a person or place), yonder, farther off [JOD-Omaha]; go-da (gó-da) - ahead [FL-Osage]; ko-ta (kootá) - farther over there, beyond, on the other side of something [CQ-Osage]; ko-ta (kóota) - that yonder, that (person or thing) over there (beyond speaker or hearer); the farther one in space or time [CQ-Osage]; go-da (góda) - yonder [Kaw]

 

there, live or reside there

► e-ti o-kniⁿ (étti oknį́) - live there [JOD]

► cf. e-ti (étti) - there; o-kniⁿ (oknį́) - sit in, dwell in, live in; kniⁿ (knį), kdiⁿ (kdį) - sit, be sitting, be in a place, camp

► Dhegiha: u-gthiⁿ (ugthíⁿ) - seat, place to sit, sit in, to sit in something [Omaha/Ponca]; u-gthiⁿ (ú-gthiⁿ) - to occupy a seat [FL-Osage]; o-liⁿ (olį́į) - live in or at, dwell in, inhabit, live within metaphorically, sit in, occupy, be seated on, sit down on, take a seat, ride, ride in [CQ-Osage]; o-liⁿ (olíⁿ) - dwell, live in a place, sit in a place, stay in a place [Kaw]

 

there, not there

► e-ti niⁿ-kʰa-zhi (ettí nįkʰaží) - not there

► cf. e-ti (ettí) - there; niⁿ-kʰe (nįkʰé) - 3^rd person singular continuative sitting; the singular/sitting/animate or inanimate; zhi (ži) - negative, not, negation

► ex: ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-ti niⁿ-ka-zhi (maštį́ke ettí nįkʰaží) - the rabbit was not there [JOD]

► ex: e-ti niⁿ-kʰa-zhi hi (ettí nįkʰaží hi) - there/it sits not/very [JOD]

► ex: iⁿ-ta-te, toⁿ ha-ki e-hi-te e-ti niⁿ-kʰa-zhi hi taⁿ kaⁿ-aⁿ-niⁿ-kʰe e-te te (įttátte, ttǫ́ hakí ehitté ettí nįkʰaží hi tą́ ką-ąnį́kʰe étte tté) - father, is there not a village anywhere, I wonder if we are alone [JOD]

► Dhegiha: e-di (edí) - there [Omaha/Ponca]; e-di (edi) - there, over there, at [Omaha]; e-dsi (e-dsí) - there [FL-Osage]; e-tsi (ecí) - be present here/there, exist here/there; be at that time [CQ-Osage]; e-ji (ejí) - there, in that place [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: thiⁿ-kʰe (¢iñké) - sitting one, animate sitting [JOD-Omaha]; thiⁿ-kshe (thiⁿ-kshe) - the (one) sitting [FL-Osage]; iⁿ-kshe (įkšé), thiⁿ-kshe (ðįkšé) - 3^rd person sitting continuative aspect marker; sitting singular animate or inanimate positional article; lying down or horizontal inanimate plural positional article [CQ-Osage]; yiⁿ-khe (yiⁿkhé) - the sitting animate object [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: zhi (zhi), a-zhi (ázhi) - not [Omaha/Ponca]; zhi (jǐ), a-zhi (a-jǐ) - negation, not [JOD-Omaha]; zhi (zhi), a-zhi (a-zhí) - not, is not [FL-Osage]; zhi (ži), a-zhi (aží) - not, negaitive, negator; initial a replaces final e of preceding verb [FL-Osage]; zhi (zhi), a-zhi (azhi) - negative suffix of verbs [Kaw]

 

there, over there by those things

► she-ke-ti (šekétti) - by yonder things [JOD]

► she-ke-ti (šekétti) - by those standing objects

► cf. she (shé) - that [JOD]; ke (ke) - the plural/standing/animate or plural/standing/inanimate; the scattered; she-ke (šéke) - those non-singular/standing/animate or inanimate objects; ti (tti) - at, by, in; locative

► ex: she-ke-ti (šekétti) - by yonder things [JOD]

► ex: she-ke-ti kniⁿ! (šekétti knį́!) - sit over there by those things! [JOD]

 

there, over there on the opposite side

► i-ka-xa-ta ko-i-ta (íkaxátta kóitta) - over there on the opposite side

► cf. i-ka-xa-ta (íkaxátta) - on the opposite side of something; ka-xa (kaxá) - to outdistance, surpass, excel, exceed, go ahead or beyond a person or place, outrun, outstrip, beat someone in a race, get the better of; ta (tta) - to, at, toward, in that direction; ko-i-ta (kóitta) - there, in that place; ko-i (kói) - there, that; ta (tta) - to, at, toward, in that direction

► ex: i-ka-xa-ta ko-i-ta (íkaxátta kóitta) - on the opposite side of the lodge/in that place [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ-tʰaⁿ-hi, “i-ka-xa-ta ko-i-ta kniⁿ,” i-yi i-ya wa-sa niⁿ-kʰe (hǫ́tʰąhi, “íkaxátta kóitta knį́,” iyí iyá wasá niⁿkʰe) - then the black bear said, “sit over there on the other side of the lodge,” they said [JOD]

 

there, over there, yonder

► e-ta-ha (ettahá) - over there [JOD]

► cf. e-ta (etta) - there [JOD]; ta (tta) - to, at, toward, in that direction

► Dhegiha: e-ta-ha (e-t͓á-ha) - in that direction, thitherward [JOD-Omaha]; e-ʰta-ha (ée ʰtáha) - in the direction of, toward that direction, over there, along that way [CQ-Osage]; e-ta-ha (étaha), (etáha)  - there, over there, thither [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: e-ta (ĕ́ʇa) - there [JOD-Omaha]; e-ʰta (e-ṭá) - thitherward; toward the person [FL-Osage]; e-ta (éta) - there, towards that place [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ʰta-ha (ṭa ha) - toward FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: ta (-ta) - at, to [Omaha/Ponca]; ta (-ta) - suffix of position or of motion to a place; at; to [JOD-Omaha]; ʰta (ṭa) - in that direction [FL-Osage]; ʰta (ʰta) - toward, in the direction of, from, into [CQ-Osage]; ta (-ta) - in, at, towards: locative added to nouns or adverbs to create an adverb [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ha (ha) - termination of direction, used with verbs of motion; in different ways or places; so mnay in each place [JOD-Omaha]; ha (ha) - through (direction), along a path, in a direction, by way of; from [CQ-Osage]

 

► ha-ki-wa-de-de (hákiwadede) - how do you get over there?, which road, how do you go? [MS]

► cf. ha-ki (háki) - where; ha-ki-de-de (hákidede) - where, which direction; ha-ki-de-de-tʰaⁿ (hákidedétʰą) - where from, from whatever place; ha-ki-tʰaⁿ (hakítʰą) - from whatever place; ha-ki e-hi-te (hakí ehitté) - anywhere, where+soever [JOD]; ha-ke hi-te (haké hitté), ha-ke i-te (haké itté) - wherever, anywhere

 

► ka-ki (kakí) - in that place, “down below”, yonder, in that direction, there

► ex: ka-ki ke (kakí ke) - those [JOD]

► ex: ka-ki niⁿ (kaki nį) - yonder/the moving [JOD]

► ex: ko-i-shoⁿ-taⁿ e-taⁿ-niⁿ kda-i ke-ni-te ka-ki niⁿ e-taⁿ-niⁿ kʰi a-taⁿ we-da-niⁿ shi-ke he-naⁿ i-da-ki-kda-niⁿ a-taⁿ kaⁿ-tʰaⁿ taⁿ ki-we (kóišǫ́ttą ettą́nį kdá-i kenitté kaki nį ettą́nį kʰí áttą wédanį šíke héną idákikdánį áttą ką-tʰą́ tą kíwe) - then they (her step-sisters) started home first, although she arrived home first, before them (her step-sisters), and she put on her bad clothes and was there awhile when they (her step-sisters) reached home [JOD]

► ex: ka-ki o-zha da-i (káki óža dá-i) - there/to dance/they went [JOD]

► ex: ko-i-shoⁿ-taⁿ o-zha ka-ki da-i ke ka-hi-ke taⁿ-ka e-zhiⁿ-ke a-ki-da-i ke taⁿ hi (kóišǫ́ttą óža káki dá-i ke kahíke ttąka ežį́ke ákkidá-i ké tą hí) - then/to dance/there/they went/the plural/chief/large/his son/they took part with (=danced)/the plural/when/she arrived [JOD]

► ex: ka-ki de-da (káki dedá) - send (throw) it in that direction!

► ex: e-ti ka-ki de-da (étti káki dedá) - throw it (send it) there, in that direction! [JOD]

► ex: “iⁿ-tʰiⁿ ka-ki de-da,” aⁿ-naⁿ-ki-ye (“į́tʰį káki dedá,” ąną́kiye) - “throw the club yonder!” she said to me [JOD]

► ex: “e-ti shi-naⁿ iⁿ-tʰiⁿ ka-ki de-da,” aⁿ-naⁿ-ki-ye (“étti šiną́ į́tʰį káki dedá,” ąną́kiye) - “throw the club there, yonder again!” she said to me [JOD]

 

► ko-i-hi-de-niⁿ-kʰe ti (kóihidénįkʰe tti) - that remote singular/sitting/visible/at, by, in, locative

► ko-i-hi-de-niⁿ-kʰe ti (kóihidénįkʰe tti) - at yonder distant visible place [JOD-Omaha]

► cf. ko-i (kói) - there, that; niⁿ-kʰe (nįkʰe) - the singular/sitting/animate or inanimate; continuative aux. sitting; ti (tti) - at, by, in, locative

► ex: wa-sa ka-hi-ke niⁿ-kʰe a-ni ko-i-hi-de-niⁿ-kʰe ti ti-kde niⁿ-kʰe (wasá kahíke niⁿkʰe áni kóihidénįkʰe tti ttikdé nįkʰe) - the black bear chief dwells in a lodge beyond yonder distant bluff [JOD]

 

► ko-i-ke (kóike) - yonder ones [JOD]

► ko-i-ke (kóike) - those remote plural/standing/visible/animate

► cf. ko-i (kói) - that, there; ke (ke) - the plural/standing/animate or plural/standing/inanimate; the scattered

► ex: ti ko-i-ke (tti kóike) - lodge/yonder ones [JOD]

► ex: ti ko-i-ke, ni-xi-te ni-ka-we (tti kóike, niγítte nikáwe) - those lodges over there, they are disobedient [JOD]

 

► ko-ta (kóta) - over there, on that side of, on the other side, beyond, yonder, farther off, farther over there, ahead

► ex: ko-ta-ha (kótaha) - that yonder, that over there

► ex: ko-ta-niⁿ (kótanį) - that singular/moving/animate over there

► ex: ko-ta-niⁿ-kʰe (kótanįkʰe) - that singular/sitting/animate, yonder

► ex: ko-ta-tʰaⁿ (kótatʰą) - that singular/standing/animate, yonder

► ex: ko-ta te-ta i-di-shaⁿ (kóta ttétta ídišą) - on that side of

► ex: ko-ta-de-de-niⁿ (kótadédenį́) - that departed singular/moving/animate, yonder

► ex: ko-ta-de-de-tʰaⁿ (kótadédetʰą́) - that departed singular/standing/animate, yonder

► Dhegiha: gu-da (gúda) - on that side of, beyond (a person or place), yonder, farther off [JOD-Omaha]; go-da (gó-da) - ahead [FL-Osage]; ko-ta (kootá) - farther over there, beyond, on the other side of something [CQ-Osage]; ko-ta (kóota) - that yonder, that (person or thing) over there (beyond speaker or hearer); the farther one in space or time [CQ-Osage]; go-da (góda) - yonder [Kaw]

 

► ko-ta-ha (kótaha) - that yonder, that over there

► ko-ta-ha (kőtőhah) - that, which, who (qui) [GI]

► cf. ko-ta (kóta) - over there, on that side of, on the other side, beyond, yonder, farther off, farther over there, ahead; ko-ha (kóha) - in that direction [JOD]; ta (tta) - to, at, toward, in that direction

► Dhegiha: ko-ta-ha (kootáha) - (to/from) farther away (in space); farther back, farther ahead (in space or time); beyond; the next to last, the one before last; the one after next, the one past the next [CQ-Osage]; go-da-ha (gódaha) - over there, thither [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: gu-da (gúda), gu-a (gúa)  - on that side of, beyond (a person or place), yonder, farther off [JOD-Omaha]; go-da (gó-da) - ahead [FL-Osage]; ko-ta (kootá) - farther over there, beyond, on the other side of something [CQ-Osage]; ko-ta (kóota) - that yonder, that (person or thing) over there (beyond speaker or hearer); the farther one in space or time [CQ-Osage]; go-da (góda) - yonder [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: go (go) - there, yonder: distal prefix of relative location; on the other side; on the far side; that distant person or object [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ta (-ta) - at, to [Omaha/Ponca]; ta (-ta) - suffix of position or of motion to a place; at; to [JOD-Omaha]; ʰta (ṭa) - in that direction [FL-Osage]; ʰta (ʰta) - toward, in the direction of, from, into [CQ-Osage]; ta (-ta) - in, at, towards: locative added to nouns or adverbs to create an adverb [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ha (ha) - termination of direction, used with verbs of motion; in different ways or places; so mnay in each place [JOD-Omaha]; ha (ha) - through (direction), along a path, in a direction, by way of; from [CQ-Osage]

 

► ko-ta-de-de-niⁿ (kótadédenį́) - that departed singular/moving/animate, yonder

► cf. ko-ta-niⁿ (kótanį) - that singular/moving/animate over there; ta-de-de (-ttadéde) - towards, in the direction of; ta (tta) - to, at, toward, in that direction; de-de (déde) - sent away, causative of go; niⁿ (nį) - the singular/moving/animate; continuative aux. moving

► Dhegiha: gu-da-the-thiⁿ (gú-da-¢e-¢iⁿ), gu-a-the-thiⁿ (gú-a-¢e-¢iⁿ) - that visible one beyond or on that side of a person or place, who has started and is moving [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: gu-da-the (gúda ¢e), gu-a-the (gúa ¢e) - to go beyond [JOD-Omaha]; ko-ta the (kóota ðée) - (in the) future, future months (refers to traveling or going along in age, traveling down the road moving into the future) [CQ-Osage]; ko-ta the (kóota ðe) - that one over there (beyond speaker and hearer) [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: gu-da (gúda), gu-a (gúa)  - on that side of, beyond (a person or place), yonder, farther off [JOD-Omaha]; go-da (gó-da) - ahead [FL-Osage]; ko-ta (kootá) - farther over there, beyond, on the other side of something [CQ-Osage]; ko-ta (kóota) - that yonder, that (person or thing) over there (beyond speaker or hearer); the farther one in space or time [CQ-Osage]; go-da (góda) - yonder [Kaw]

 

► ko-ta-de-de-tʰaⁿ (kótadédetʰą́) - that departed singular/standing/animate, yonder

► cf. ko-ta-tʰaⁿ (kótatʰą) - that singular/standing/animate, yonder; ta-de-de (-ttadéde) - towards, in the direction of; ta (tta) - to, at, toward, in that direction; de-de (déde) - sent away, causative of go; tʰaⁿ (tʰą) - the standing/animate; continuative auxiliary, singular/standing/animate

► Dhegiha: gu-da-taⁿ (gú-da-taⁿ), gu-a-taⁿ (gú-a-taⁿ) - the an. ob. std. beyond (another place) [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: gu-da-the (gúda ¢e), gu-a-the (gúa ¢e) - to go beyond [JOD-Omaha]; ko-ta the (kóota ðée) - (in the) future, future months (refers to traveling or going along in age, traveling down the road moving into the future) [CQ-Osage]; ko-ta the (kóota ðe) - that one over there (beyond speaker and hearer) [CQ-Osage]

 

► ko-ta-niⁿ (kótanį) - that singular/moving/animate over there

► cf. niⁿ (nį) - the singular/moving/animate; continuative aux. moving

► Dhegiha: gu-da-thiⁿ (gú-da-¢iⁿ), gu-a-thiⁿ (gú-a-¢iⁿ) - the visible an. ob. mv. beyond or on that side of a person or place [JOD-Omaha]

 

► ko-ta-niⁿ-kʰe (kótanįkʰe) - that singular/sitting/animate, yonder

► cf. niⁿ-kʰe (nįkʰe) - the singular/sitting/animate or inanimate

► Dhegiha: gu-da-thiⁿ-ke (gú-da-¢iñ-ké), gu-a-thiⁿ-ke (gú-a-¢iñ-ké)  - the visible an. ob. st. beyond or on that side of a person or place [JOD-Omaha]; gu-da thiⁿ-shke (gú-da thiⁿ-shke) - the one sitting on the opposite side [FL-Osage]; ko-ta-iⁿ-kshe (kóotaįkšé) - that one sitting over there or yonder (beyond speaker or hearer) [CQ-Osage]; ko-ta-iⁿ-ke (kootáįke) - over there, yonder, farther than another thing, way over there, way back in thime or distance [CQ-Osage]; go-da-yiⁿ-khe (gódayiⁿkhe) - over there; yonder [Kaw]

 

► ko-ta-tʰaⁿ (kótatʰą) - that singular/standing/animate, yonder

► cf. tʰaⁿ (tʰą) - the standing/animate; continuative auxiliary, singular/standing/animate

► Dhegiha: gu-da-taⁿ (gú-da-taⁿ), gu-a-taⁿ (gú-a-taⁿ) - the an. ob. std. beyond (another place) [JOD-Omaha]; go-da-toⁿ (gó-da toⁿ) - that person standing yonder [FL-Osage]

 

► ko-wa-tʰe (kówatʰe) - that singular/standing/inanimate or collection

► cf. ko-wa (kówa) - yonder, further; tʰe (tʰe) - the singular/standing/inanimate, collective/inanimate

► ex: ko-wa-tʰe (kówatʰe) - yonder pile [JOD]

► ex: ko-wa-tʰe toⁿ-wa!” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (kówatʰe tǫwá!” iyí iyá maštį́ke) - Look at that pile (of fat meat) over there!” it is said Rabbit said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: gu-a-tʰe (gú-a-tĕ) - the std. in. ob. or col. on in. objects beyond (another place); the visible object which is beyond (the place) [JOD-Omaha]

 

► she-do (šédo) - yonder, there

► cf. she-do (šedó) - get out of the way!, imperative function; she-do (šedó) - get away! [MS]

► ex: she-do i-hi ki-ta! (šédo ihí kkitta!) - it goes to you/shoot! [JOD]

► ex: “wi-te-ke, ta miⁿ she-do i-hi! ki-ta!” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“wítteke, tta mį šédo ihí! kkitta!” iyí iyá maštį́ke) - “uncle (my mother’s brother), there is a deer approaching over there! shoot it!” it is said Rabbit said [JOD]

► ex: she-do i-hi-we (šédo ihíwe) - they go to you [JOD]

► ex: “wi-te-ke, ni-ka-shi-ka de-pa she-do i-hi-we,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“wítteke, níkkašíka dépa šédo ihíwe,” iyí iyá maštį́ke) - “uncle (my mother’s brother), over there are some Indians who are approaching,” it is said Rabbit said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: she-thu (shéthu) - in that place which you see: there near you, or there where you are [Omaha/Ponca]; she-thu (shé-thu) - yonder, there where you are [FL-Osage]; she-tho (šeeðo), she-thoⁿ (šeeðǫ́) - there where you are, right there where you are, that person there [CQ-Osage]; she-yo (shèyó) - there in the distance, yonder [Kaw]

 

there, return home there and stay

► a-kʰi-kniⁿ (akʰíknį) - return home there and stay

► cf. kʰi (kʰi) - arrive back at one’s own; kniⁿ (knį), kdiⁿ (kdį) - sit, be sitting, be in a place, camp

► ex: she-ta a-kʰi-kniⁿ ta miⁿ-kʰe (šétta akʰíknį tta mįkʰé) - I will return thither (in sight) and take my seat

► ex: she-ta da-kʰi-kniⁿ naⁿ (šétta dakʰíknį ną́) - return thither and take your seat!

► Dhegiha: a-kʰi-gthiⁿ (a-kí-g¢iⁿ) - to return and sit in a place where he used to be, or at his home [JOD-Omaha]; a-ʰki-gthiⁿ (á-ḳí-gthiⁿ) - returns to his own seat [FL-Osage]; khi-liⁿ (khíliⁿ) - to have gone back to sit, to sit there again [Kaw]

 

there, send someone there for him

► a-kda-de wa-ki-de (akdáde wákkide) - send someone there for him

► cf. a-kda de (ákda dé) - go after, fetch one’s own

 

there, sit there

► e-ti kniⁿ (étti knį́) - sit there

► cf. e-ti (étti) - there; kniⁿ (knį), kdiⁿ (kdį) - sit, be sitting, be in a place, camp

► ex: e-ti kniⁿ niⁿ-kʰe (hǫ́tʰąhi maštį́ke étti knį́ niⁿkʰe, iyá) - there/sat/the sitting one [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ-tʰaⁿ-hi ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-ti kniⁿ niⁿ-kʰe, i-ya (hǫ́tʰąhi maštį́ke étti knį́ niⁿkʰe, iyá) - then the rabbit sat there, it is said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: gthiⁿ (g¢íⁿ) - to sit [JOD-Omaha]; gthiⁿ (gthiⁿ) - to sit [FL-Osage]; liⁿ (lį́į) - sit [CQ-Osage]; liⁿ (liⁿ) -dwell, live, reside [Kaw]

 

► she-ke-ti kniⁿ! (šekétti knį́!) - sit over there by those things! [JOD]

► cf. she-ke-ti (šekétti) - by those standing objects, by yonder things; she (shé) - that [JOD]; ke (ke) - the plural/standing/animate or plural/standing/inanimate; the scattered; she-ke (šéke) - those non-singular/standing/animate or inanimate objects; ti (tti) - at, by, in; locative; kniⁿ (knį), kdiⁿ (kdį) - sit, be sitting, be in a place, camp

 

there, take it there

► a-niⁿ hi (anį́ hi) - take it thither [JOD] ► a-bniⁿ pʰi (abnį́ pʰi) - I, a-tiⁿ shi (attį́ ši) - you

► cf. a-niⁿ (anį́) - have, keep; hi (hi) - arrive, reach there, have been; a-niⁿ de (anį́ dé) - take away; a-niⁿ kde (anį́ kde) - to take homeward [JOD]; a-niⁿ kdi (anį́ kdi) - to bring home [JOD]; a-niⁿ ki (anį́ kí) - bring back here [JOD]; a-niⁿ tʰi (anį́ tʰí) - brought here; bring here; arrive here with something [JOD]

► ex: wa-di-si, ka-xtaⁿ, a-shi-ti aniⁿ hi a-taⁿ ka-xtaⁿ (wadisí, kaxtą́, ašítti anį́ hi attą́ kaxtą́) - throw it away, pour it out, take it outside and pour it out! [JOD]

► ex: a-shi-ti a-niⁿ hi a-taⁿ ka-xtaⁿ (ášitti anį́ hi áttą kaxtą́) - she took it outside and poured it out [JOD]

► ex: aⁿ-niⁿ-hi-we (ą́nį-hiwé) - they took me thither [JOD]

► ex: wi-e-haⁿ aⁿ-niⁿ-hi-we (wiehą́ ą́nį-hiwé) - they took me there also [JOD]

► Dhegiha: a-thiⁿ hi (athíⁿ hi) - to arrive at a place (not here) with something not his own; to reach there with something not his own [Omaha/Ponca]; a-thiⁿ hi (a-thíⁿ hi) - to reach a place with some object [FL-Osage]; a-thiⁿ hi (aðį́hi), a-thiⁿ a-hi (aðį́ahi) - take there; bring there, deliver [CQ-Osage]

 

there, take something there for someone

► a-ki-niⁿ hi (ákinį hi) - take something there for someone ► a-ki-bniⁿ pʰi (akíbnį pʰí) - I, a-da-ki-tiⁿ shi (adákittį ší) - you

► cf. a-ki-niⁿ (ákinį) - have or keep for someone; hi (hi) - arrive, reach there, have been; a-niⁿ (anį́) - have, keep

► ex: a-ki-niⁿ hi (akínį hí) - he took it thither to her [JOD]

► ex: i-ka-zo-zo ka-xe a-taⁿ a-ki-niⁿ hi (íkazózo káγe attą́ akínį hí) - he wrote a letter and took it to her [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ e-ti knoⁿ-ke te i-ka-zo-zo ka-xe a-taⁿ a-ki-niⁿ hi taⁿ toⁿ-we taⁿ naⁿ-zha, “e-koⁿ te,” i-ke (kóišǫ́ttą étti knǫké tte íkazózo káγe attą́ akínį hí tą tǫ́we tą ną́ža, “ekǫ́ tte,” iké) - then he wrote the letter (asking) to marry and took it to her, when she looked at it she said, “so shall it be (it will be so)” [JOD]

► ex: he-be a-ki-niⁿ hi (hébe ákinį hi) - part/he took thither for him [JOD]

► ex: da-tʰa-i tʰe he-be a-ki-niⁿ hi niⁿ naⁿ i-ya maⁿ-da-taⁿ (datʰaí tʰe hébe ákinį hi nį́ ną iyá mądá-ttą) - he would secretly take a piece of what they ate to him, it is said [JOD]

► ex: e-shoⁿ maⁿ-ʰto zhi-ka niⁿ he-be a-ki-niⁿ hi niⁿ naⁿ, i-ya (ešǫ́ mątʰó žiká nį́ hébe ákinį hí nį́ ną, iyá) - then the young Grizzly bear took a piece for him (Rabbit), it is said [JOD]

► ex: he-be wa-da-ki-tiⁿ shi (hébe wádakittį́ ší) - part/you took it thither for some one

► ex: he-be wa-da-ki-tiⁿ shi a-zhaⁿ-miⁿ (hébe wádakittį́ ší ážąmį́) - I think that you took a piece for someone [JOD]

 

there, that

► ko-i (kói) - that, there

► ex: ko-i-da-tʰe (kóidatʰé) - those remote dual/standing/visible/inanimate

► ex: ko-i-de (koíde) - those things [JOD]

► ex: ko-i-hi-de-niⁿ-kʰe (kóihidénįkʰe) - that remote singular/sitting/visible

► ex: ko-i-ke (kóike) - those remote plural/standing/visible/animate

► ex: ko-i-kʰe (kóikʰe) - that remote singular/lying/visible/animate or inanimate

► ex: ko-i-na-ska (kóinaská) - size of that distant object

► ex: ko-i-ni-kʰa (kóinikʰá) - those remote sitting or lying/visible

► ex: ko-i-niⁿ (kóinį) - that remote singular/moving/visible/animate

► ex: ko-i-niⁿ-kʰe (kóinįkʰe) - that remote singular/sitting/visible/animate or inanimate

► ex: ko-i-pa (kóipa) - those remote plural/moving/visible/animate

► ex: ko-i-she (kóiše) - that, that part, aforementioned words or manner, so

► ex: ko-i-she-naⁿ (kóišeną́) - that amount, that quantity

► ex: ko-i-shoⁿ (kóišǫ́) - then, despite, notwithstanding, and then, so, of that sort, in that case

► ex: ko-i-shoⁿ-taⁿ (kóišǫttą) - in that way, therefore, thus, accordingly

► ex: ko-i-tʰaⁿ (kóitʰą) - that remote singular/standing/visible/animate

► ex: ko-i-tʰe (kóitʰe) - that remote singular/standing/visible/inanimate

► ex: ko-i-ta (kóitta) - there, in that place

► ex: ko-i-ta de-de (kóitta déde) - a little to one side

► Dhegiha: gu-a (gúa) - on that side of, beyond (a person or place), yonder, farther off [JOD-Omaha]; go (go) - that distant person or object; there, yonder: distal prefix of relative location; on the other side; on the far side; when [Kaw]

 

there, the curvilinear or sitting object there

► e-ti niⁿ-kʰe (ettí nįkʰé) - there (was) the curvilinear object [JOD]

► cf. e-ti (ettí) - there; niⁿ-kʰe (nįkʰe) - the singular/sitting/animate or inanimate; 3sg continuative aux sitting; the sitting one; the curvilinear inanimate object; the part; the subject; the one who

► ex: e-ti niⁿ-kʰe (ettí nįkʰé) - there (was) the curvilinear object [JOD]

► ex: te shoⁿ-shoⁿ e-ti niⁿ-kʰe (té šǫ́šǫ ettí nįkʰé) - there was the circular lake [JOD]

 

there, the lying object there

► e-ti-kʰe (ettí-kʰe) - there; the lying object there

► cf. e-ti (ettí) - there; kʰe (kʰe) - the singular/lying/animate or inanimate

► ex: e-ti-kʰe (ettí-kʰe) - the lying object is there; the lying object was there [JOD]

► ex: di-xa-zhi wa-da-xo-we miⁿ e-ti-kʰe naⁿ, i-ya (dixáži wadáxowe mį ettí-kʰe ną, iyá) - there was a Hill that drew things (people) into its mouth, it is said [JOD]

► ex: di-xa-zhi miⁿ e-ti-kʰe dé (dixáži mį ettí-kʰe dé) - a hill is truly there [JOD]

 

there, the plural sitting or lying objects there

► e-ti-ni-kʰa (ettí-nikʰá) - the plural sitting or lying objects there

► cf. e-ti (ettí) - there; ni-kʰa (nikʰa) - they, 3^rd person plural continuative sitting or lying, they were (plural classifier)

► ex: e-ti-ni-kʰa (ettí-nikʰá) - they sat there [JOD]

► ex: shi-naⁿ zho i-kdi-za-za hi ni-ha e-ti-ni-kʰa naⁿ, i-ya (ši-ną́ žo íkdizáza hí nihá ettí-nikʰá ną, iyá) - on and on, some (corpses) were sitting there with their flesh adhering here and there, it is said [JOD]

► ex: shi-naⁿ iⁿ-chʰoⁿ hi t’e ni-ha e-ti-ni-kʰa naⁿ, i-ya (ši-ną́ į́čʰǫ hí tʔé nihá ettí-nikʰá ną, iyá) - on and on, some (corpses) were sitting there who had just now died, it is said [JOD]

 

there, the standing object there

► e-ti-tʰaⁿ (ettítʰą) - it stands there

► cf. e-ti (ettí) - there; tʰaⁿ (tʰą) - the standing/animate; continuative auxiliary, singular/standing/animate

► ex: e-ti-tʰaⁿ (ettítʰą) - it stands there [JOD]

► ex: de-do a-shka e-ti-tʰaⁿ she-mi e-naⁿ-hi wa-niⁿ e-ti-tʰaⁿ, i-ke niⁿ (dédo áška ettítʰą šémi eną́hí wánį ettítʰą, iké nį́) - near here one stands (a lodge), it only has girls, he said to her [JOD]

► ex: e-ti-tʰaⁿ-zhi (ettítʰąží) - there it stands not [JOD]

► ex: e-ti a-shka hi ti-kde e-ti-tʰaⁿ-zhi e-te te (étti ašká hi ttíkde ettítʰąží étte tté) - I wonder, is there not a lodge very near [JOD]

 

there, they were there then

► to-kʰe-tʰaⁿ (tokʰétʰaⁿ) - they were there then [JOD]

► ex: si-ka taⁿ-ka zho-hi hi to-kʰe-tʰaⁿ (síkka ttą́ka žóhi hí tokʰétʰaⁿ) - there were many turkeys there then [JOD]

 

therefore

► e-toⁿ (ettǫ́) - therefore [JOD]

► e-toⁿ (ettǫ́) - and, but

► cf. e-toⁿ-ti-tʰaⁿ (éttǫttítʰą) - therefore, from that time, from then on

► ex: e-toⁿ ma-shtiⁿ-ke, ni-ka-shi-ka o-do-wa-ki e-kaⁿ, za-ni-xti t’e-wa-de koⁿ-da naⁿ, i-ya (ettǫ́ maštį́ke, níkkašíka odówaki eką́, zaní-xti tʔéwade kǫ́da ną, iyá) - therefore rabbit, who sided with the Indians, wanted to kill all of the black bears, it is said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: a-doⁿ (ádoⁿ) - therefore; therefore, from that time [Omaha/Ponca]; e-doⁿ (e-dóⁿ) - therefore [FL-Osage]; e-taⁿ (étą) - therefore [CQ-Osage]; e-daⁿ (édaⁿ) - so, therefore [Kaw]

 

► e-toⁿ-ti-tʰaⁿ (éttǫttítʰą) - therefore, from that time [JOD]

► e-toⁿ-ti-tʰaⁿ (éttǫttítʰą) - therefore, from then on

► cf. e-toⁿ (ettǫ́) - therefore; e-ti-tʰaⁿ (ettítʰą) - from then on

► ex: e-toⁿ-ti-tʰaⁿ (éttǫttítʰą) - therefore, from that time [JOD]

► ex: e-toⁿ-ti-tʰaⁿ, sni-wa-te hi-zhi naⁿ, i-ya (éttǫttítʰą, sniwátte hí-ži ną, iyá) - Therefore, from that time on, it has not been very cold, it is said (before that it was much colder than it is now, now we have the female Winter) [JOD]

► Dhegiha: a-doⁿ-e-di-tʰoⁿ (ádoⁿedítʰoⁿ) - therefore, consequently [Omaha/Ponca]

► Dhegiha: a-doⁿ (ádoⁿ) - therefore; therefore, from that time [Omaha/Ponca]; e-doⁿ (e-dóⁿ) - therefore [FL-Osage]; e-taⁿ (étą) - therefore [CQ-Osage]; e-daⁿ (édaⁿ) - so, therefore [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: e-dsi-toⁿ (e-dsí-toⁿ) - thence; from that place [FL-Osage]; e-ji-khaⁿ (ejíkhaⁿ) - there, from, thither, from that place [Kaw]

 

► ko-i-shoⁿ-taⁿ (kóišǫttą) - in that way, therefore, thus, accordingly, in that way, then

► cf. ko-i-shoⁿ (kóišǫ́) - then, despite, notwithstanding, so

 

 

Back to Top