Quapaw Dictionary

English to Quapaw Dictionary
A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H-I-J-K-L-M-N-O-P-Q-R-S-T-U-V-W-X-Y-Z
Quapaw Sources	Dhegiha Sources

tabby cat - tall Tall Chief - thank you that - thaw the - themselves

then - therefore these - thirty this - throwing thrust - tin

tip - today toe - trachea track - tremble tribal - twofold

that

► e (e) - that, he, she, it, aforementioned

► ex: e she-mi (é šémi) - that girl [JOD]

► ex: e haⁿ-pa (é hą́pa) - that day [JOD]

► ex: e o-do-ha-ke (é odóhake) - that last one [JOD]

► ex: e maⁿ-te (e mątté) - that canoe [JOD]

► ex: e a-niⁿ ni-tʰe (é anį́ nitʰe) - that/the aforementioned, he probably has it [JOD]

► ex: o-zha tʰaⁿ e toⁿ-we ni-he (óža tʰą é tǫ́we-nihe) - that one dancing, you’all look at him [JOD]

► ex: e za-ni zhaⁿ iⁿ-ke (é zaní žą́ įké) - they all reclining

► ex: ni-ka-shi-ka e a-zha-miⁿ (níkkašika e ážamį) - I treat him as a human being

► ex: e a-di-xe koⁿ-da (é ádiγé kǫdá) - she wanted to marry him, the aforementioned [JOD]

► ex: e sh’a-ke niⁿ-kʰe ki-ta-ni taⁿ e-zhaⁿ-ke e-ta taⁿ kaⁿ-tʰaⁿ (e šʔáke nįkʰé kitáni tą ežą́ke ettá tą ką-tʰą́) - he, the old man sat smoking, while his daughter stood [JOD]

► ex: “hoⁿ-zhi, di-e k’iⁿ e-ka!” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-zhiⁿ-ke tʰaⁿ, maⁿ-tʰo e wa-kʰe ti (“hǫ́ži, díe kʔį́ eká!” iyí iyá maštį́ke ežį́ke tʰą, mątʰó é wakʰé tti) - “no, carry it yourself!” it is said the rabbit’s son said, referring to him, the Grizzly bear [JOD]

► ex: sni-wa-te e niⁿ (sniwátte e nį) - winter/that moving one [JOD]

► ex: sni-wa-te e niⁿ a-shi-ti naⁿ “hw! hw!” i-yi i-ya-wi (sniwátte e nį ášitti ną “hw! hw!” iyí iyáwi) - the Winter went out of the lodge, and he said, “whoo! whoo!” they say [JOD]

► Dhegiha: e (é) - he, she, that, that one, the afore-said, they, it [JOD-Omaha]; e (e) - he, she, it, or that [FL-Osage]; e (ée) - 3^rd person emphatic or contrastive pronoun (that one, that person, she/her, he/him; those persons, them; this person or thing, the foregoing, she herself, he himself, they themselves [CQ-Osage]; e (e), ’e (’e), (’ee) - that, those, be that, those [Kaw]

► ka (ká) - that (invisible) [JOD]

► ex: ka-kʰe (kákʰe) - that singular/lying/invisible/inanimate

► ex: ka-niⁿ (kánį) - that singular/moving/invisible/animate

► ex: ka-niⁿ-kʰe (kánįkʰe) - singular/sitting/invisible/animate

► ex: ka-tʰaⁿ (katʰą́) - that long, of that length

► ex: ka-tʰaⁿ (kátʰą) - that singular/standing/invisible/animate

► ex: ka-tʰe (kátʰe) - that standing/invisible/inanimate or that collection/invisible/inanimate

► Dhegiha: ga (ga) - that: refers to what is at one side or out of sight [Omaha/Ponca]; ga (ga) - that [FL-Osage]; ka (káa) - these, this, this one (animate or inanimate [may apply to abstract entities], emphatic or expressing certainty or immediacy) [CQ-Osage]; ga (ga) - that, that yonder, that over there [Kaw]

► ko-i (kói) - that, there, that distant object

► ko-i (kói) - that [JOD]

► ko-i (koí), ko-e (koé) - he, she, it, that [ASG]

► ex: si-ka ko-i (síkka koí) - that chicken [ASG]

► ex: si-ka ko-i t’e-a-de (síkka koí tʔeáde) - I kill that chicken [ASG]

► ex: pe-te ko-i (ppétte koi) - that fire [MS]

► ex: ko-i ko-ta wi-ta (kói kkóta wítta) - that’s my friend [MS]

► ex: wa-jhi-ni ko-i (waǰíni kói) - he’s a white man [MS]

► ex: wa-jhi-ni miⁿ ko-i (waǰíni mį kói) - she’s a white woman [MS]

► ex: ki-ho-taⁿ ye wa-x’o ko-i (kíhottą ye waxʔó kói) - she liked it [MS]

► ex: ma-kaⁿ ko-i to-te da-kdi-zha miⁿ-kʰe (makką́ kói tótte dakdižá mįkʰé) - gargle my throat, rinsing, washing [MS]

► ex: ko-i ta-taⁿ (kói táttą) - that/what [JOD]

► ex: ko-i ta-taⁿ te-zha-i ke, mi-ka-x’e aⁿ-te-zha-i ke e-te te (kói táttą téžai ké, mikkáxʔe ątežai ke étte tté) - what is that urinating, I wonder if the stars are urinating on me [JOD]

► Dhegiha: gu-a-hi (gú-a-hi) - the object beyond (another [lace); yonder [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: go (go) - that distant person or object; there, yonder: distal prefix of relative location; on the other side; on the far side; when [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: gu-a (gúa), gu-da (gúda) - on that side of, beyond (a person or place), yonder, farther off [JOD-Omaha]; go-da (gó-da) - ahead [FL-Osage]; ko-ta (kootá) - farther over there, beyond, on the other side of something [CQ-Osage]; ko-ta (kóota) - that yonder, that (person or thing) over there (beyond speaker or hearer); the farther one in space or time [CQ-Osage]; go-da (góda) - yonder [Kaw]

► o-ko-i (okoí), o-kwe (okwé) - that [JOD]

► iu-ko-i (ükói) - that [OM]

► she (šé) - that, that visible, that visible thing [JOD]

► ex: she o-do-ha-ke de (šé odóhake dé) - that/last (one)/indeed [JOD]

► ex: she o-do-ha-ke de (šé odóhake dé) - that’s sure enough the last one [JOD]

► ex: iⁿ-kaⁿ-e she iⁿ (įkką́-e šé į) - o grandmother/that visible thing/period [JOD]

► ex: “iⁿ-kaⁿ-e she iⁿ,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke tʰaⁿ (“įkką́-e šé į,” iyí iyá maštį́ke tʰą) - “my grandmother, that’s him,” it is said that the rabbit said [JOD]

► ex: shoⁿ-te niⁿ-kʰe she iⁿ (šǫté nįkʰe šé į) - scrotum/the part/that visible/period [JOD]

► ex: ka-hi-ke taⁿ-ka t’e-di-ki-de ni-kʰa-she, shoⁿ-te niⁿ-kʰe she iⁿ (kahíke ttą́ka tʔédikidé nikʰáše, šǫté nįkʰe šé į) - you’all whose principal chief has been killed, here is his scrotum [JOD]

► ex: she-kʰe (šékʰe) - that singular/lying/visible object

► ex: she-niⁿ (šénį) - that moving/visible/animate

► ex: she-niⁿ-kʰe (šénįkʰe) - that sitting/visible/animate or inanimate

► ex: she-tʰaⁿ (šétʰą) - that standing/visible/animate

► Dhegiha: she (she) - that; refers to an object to the right of or near the speaker [Omaha/Ponca]; she (she) - that one; there [FL-Osage]; she (še) - that (near you) [CQ-Osage]; she (she) - that (visible) [Kaw]

that amount, that quantity

► ko-i-she-naⁿ (kóišeną́) - that amount, that quantity

► ko-i-she naⁿ (koišé ną) - is that all [JOD]

► cf. ko-i (kói) - that, there; she-naⁿ (šéną) - enough; de-she-naⁿ (dešeną́) - this quantity, this much, this many; e-naⁿ (eną́) - enough

► Dhegiha: ka-she-naⁿ (kaašéną) - (be) ended, finished, that’s all, something (e.g., soup, coffee) is finished (i.e., ready); closing of a prayer, amen [CQ-Osage]; ga-she-hnaⁿ (gashéhnaⁿ) - that’s all; just this much; that is enough [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: she-na (shéna) - enough; sufficient; no longer [Omaha/Ponca]; she-noⁿ (shénoⁿ) - a sufficient number of times [Omaha/Ponca]; she-noⁿ (shenoⁿ) - enough [Omaha]; she-noⁿ (she-noⁿ) - sufficient [FL-Osage]

that collection of objects

► ka-tʰe (kátʰe) - that standing/invisible/inanimate or that collection/invisible/inanimate

► cf. ka (ká) - that (invisible); tʰe (tʰe) - the singular/standing/inanimate, collective/inanimate; the act; past, completive aspect

► Dhegiha: ga-tʰe (gátĕ) - that [JOD-Omaha]; ga-tse (gá-tse) - this; this pile of things before us [FL-Osage]; ka-tsʰe (káa cʰe) - this (standing: a default combination of demonstrative and positional article used for both concrete and abstract items; those inanimate sitting/round things in the surrounding area (referring to a group of sitting items that would be considered ‘standing’ when gathered together [CQ-Osage]; ga-che (gáche) - that standing/inanimate object, or pile of objects; that thing, as what is not seen, or that is abstract; that [Kaw]

► ko-wa-tʰe (kówatʰe) - that singular/standing/inanimate or collection

► cf. ko-wa (kówa) - yonder, further; tʰe (tʰe) - the singular/standing/inanimate, collective/inanimate; the act; past, completive aspect

► ex: ko-wa-tʰe (kówatʰe) - yonder pile [JOD]

► ex: ko-wa-tʰe toⁿ-wa!” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (kówatʰe tǫwá!” iyí iyá maštį́ke) - look at that pile (of fat meat) over there!” it is said Rabbit said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: gu-a-tʰe (gú-a-tĕ) - the std. in. ob. or col. on in. objects beyond (another place); the visible object which is beyond (the place) [JOD-Omaha]

that direction

► ta (tta) - to, at, toward, in that direction

► ta (tta) - toward [ASG]

► ex: tʰe-ta (tʰettá) - to the, at the [JOD]

► ex: e-shoⁿ ti tʰe-ta kʰi naⁿ i-ya (ešǫ́ ttí tʰétta kʰí ną iyá) - then, when he returned to his home, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: ti tʰe-ta da-kʰi taⁿ (ttí tʰettá dakʰí tą) - lodge-to the-you reach home-when [JOD]

► ex: a-kʰi-kniⁿ-xti ti tʰe-ta hi-we i-ya (akʰíknį-xti tti tʰetta híwe iyá) - they went to the lodge, crowding together, sitting upon one another, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: kʰe-ta (kʰétta) - at the [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ e ti tʰe-ta ki taⁿ ti a-naⁿ-se taⁿ kʰe-ta o-pi-zhi kʰe o-k’oⁿ-he (kóišǫ́ttą e ttí tʰétta kí tą tti ánąsé ttą kʰétta óppiži kʰe ókʔǫhé) - then when she returned to her house, she put the box in (her) room [JOD]

► ex: ti-kde ta bde (ttikdé tta bdé) - I’m going to my house [OM]

► ex: a-kde ta ta miⁿ-kʰe (akdé tta tta mįkʰé) - I’m going home [OM]

► ex: taⁿ ta bde (ttą́ tta bdé) - I’m going to town [OM]

► ex: toⁿ ta (ttǫ tta) - to town [AG]

► ex: ni-sni toⁿ ta (nísni ttǫ ttá) - to Baxter Springs, Kansas [AG]

► ex: toⁿ ta aⁿ-ka-de taⁿ-niⁿ-kʰe (ttǫ tta ąkáde tt[a]ąnįkʰe) - we are going to town [AG]

► ex: e-ta (etta) - there [JOD]

► ex: koi-ta (kóitta) - there, in that place

► ex: niⁿ-kʰe-ta (nįkʰettá) - to the curvilinear object [JOD]

► ex: toⁿ niⁿ-kʰe-ta aⁿ-ki-niⁿ kda-we (ttǫ́ nįkʰettá ą́kinį kdáwe) - they took it from me and returned to the village [JOD]

► ex: ke-ta (kettá) - to the many [JOD]

► ex: wa-sa ti-kde ke-ta e-ti te na-ha i-ke i-ya e-kaⁿ niⁿ-kʰe (wasá ttikdé ke-tta étti tté nahá iké iyá eką́ nįkʰe) - do not go to the village of the black bears, his grandmother said to him, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: tʰaⁿ-ta (tʰąttá) - to the standing [JOD]

► ex: shoⁿ-ke-a-kniⁿ tʰaⁿ-ta a-ki-kniⁿ (šǫ́keáknį tʰąttá ákiknį́) - horse-to the standing-she sat on her own [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ta (-ta) - at, to [Omaha/Ponca]; ta (-ta) - suffix of position or of motion to a place; at; to [JOD-Omaha]; ʰta (ṭa) - in that direction [FL-Osage]; ʰta (ʰta) - toward, in the direction of, from, into [CQ-Osage]; ta (-ta) - in, at, towards: locative added to nouns or adverbs to create an adverb [Kaw]

► ka-ki (kakí) - in that place, “down below”, yonder, in that direction, there [JOD]

► ex: ka-ki ke (kakí ke) - those [JOD]

► ex: ka-ki o-zha da-i (káki óža dá-i) - there/to dance/they went [JOD]

► ex: ka-ki niⁿ (kaki nį) - yonder/the moving [JOD]

► ex: ka-ki (kakí) - there [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ e-taⁿ-niⁿ kda-i ke-ni-te ka-ki niⁿ e-taⁿ-niⁿ kʰi a-taⁿ we-da-niⁿ shi-ke he-naⁿ i-da-ki-kda-niⁿ a-taⁿ kaⁿ-tʰaⁿ taⁿ ki-we (kóišǫ́ttą ettą́nį kdá-i kenitté kaki nį ettą́nį kʰí áttą wédanį šíke héną idákikdánį áttą ką-tʰą́ tą kíwe) - then they (her step-sisters) started home first, although she arrived home first, before them (her step-sisters), and she put on her bad clothes and was there awhile when they (her step-sisters) reached home [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ o-zha ka-ki da-i ke ka-hi-ke taⁿ-ka e-zhiⁿ-ke a-ki-da-i ke taⁿ hi (kóišǫ́ttą óža káki dá-i ke kahíke ttąka ežį́ke ákkidá-i ké tą hí) - then/to dance/there/they went/the plural/chief/large/his son/they took part with (=danced)/the plural/when/she arrived [JOD]

► ka-ki-de-de (kákidéde) - in that direction, going in that direction [JOD]

► cf. ka-ki (kakí) - in that place, “down below”, yonder, in that direction, there [JOD]; ka-ki ke (kakí ke) - those [JOD]; ka-ki niⁿ (kaki nį) - yonder/the moving [JOD]

► ex: ka-ki-de-de (kákidéde) - in that direction [JOD]

► ex: wi-e ka-ki-de-de bde te (wíe kákidéde bde tte) - I will go in this direction [JOD]

► ex: di-e ka-ki-de-de da ni-he (díe kákidéde dá nihé) - you go in that direction! [JOD]

► ex: de-she-tʰaⁿ ka-ki-de-de (dešetʰą́ kákidéde) - from this place/going in that direction [JOD]

► ka-ki de-da (káki dedá) - send (throw) it in that direction!

► cf. ka-ki (kakí) - in that place, “down below”, yonder, in that direction, there [JOD]; ka-ki ke (kakí ke) - those [JOD]; ka-ki niⁿ (kaki nį) - yonder/the moving [JOD]

► ex: ka-ki de-da (káki dedá) - send (throw) it in that direction!

► ex: e-ti ka-ki de-da (étti káki dedá) - throw it (send it) there, in that direction! [JOD]

► ex: “iⁿ-tʰiⁿ ka-ki de-da,” aⁿ-naⁿ-ki-ye (“į́tʰį káki dedá,” ąną́kiye) - “throw the club yonder!” she said to me [JOD]

► ex: “e-ti shi-naⁿ iⁿ-tʰiⁿ ka-ki de-da,” aⁿ-naⁿ-ki-ye (“étti šiną́ į́tʰį káki dedá,” ąną́kiye) - “throw the club there, yonder again!” she said to me [JOD]

► e-ta te-ta i-di-shaⁿ (étta ttétta ídišą) - around in that direction

► cf. e-ta (etta) - there [JOD]; tʰe-ta (ttétta) - at or to the standing inanimate object; ko-ta te-ta i-di-shaⁿ (kóta ttétta ídišą) - on that side of; to-ta te-ta i-di-shaⁿ (tóta ttétta ídišą) - on this side of

► Dhegiha: e-ta (éta) - there; thither; so; unto (a place) [Omaha/Ponca]; e-ʰta (e-ṭá) - thitherward; toward the person [FL-Osage]; e-ta (éta) - there, towards that place [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: tʰe-ta (tĕ́-t͓a) - at or to the std. in. ob., etc. [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: a-ta-thi-shoⁿ (atáthishoⁿ) - in that direction, towards, pertaining to [Omaha/Ponca]; e-ta thi-shoⁿ (eta thishoⁿ) - toward [Omaha]; ga-ke ta-thi-shoⁿ (gake tathishoⁿ) - direction [Omaha]; ʰta-thi-shoⁿ (ṭa-thi-shoⁿ) - towards that direction [FL-Osage]; e-ʰta-thi-shoⁿ (e-ṭá-thi-shoⁿ) - in the direction of, toward [FL-Osage]

► e-to-ka-xde (ettókaxde) - facing in that direction, etta+okaxde, “facing forward given the meaning of etto” ► e-ta o-a-ka-xde (etta oákaxde) - I, e-to-da-ka-xde (ettodákaxde) - you

► cf. e-ta (etta) - there [JOD]; o-ka-xde (okáxde) - face a certain direction, face a direction, facing towards

► Dhegiha: e-ʰta u-ga-xthe (e-ṭá u-ga-xthe) - facing in that direction [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: e-ta (éta) - there; thither; so; unto (a place) [Omaha/Ponca]; e-ʰta (e-ṭá) - thitherward; toward the person [FL-Osage]; e-ta (éta) - there, towards that place [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: u-ga-xthe (úgaqthe) - to be facing a certain direction [Omaha/Ponca]; o-ka-le (okále) - face a certain direction [CQ-Osage]; o-ga-xle (ogáxle) - facing, face a direction [Kaw]

► ta-de-de-do-shi (-ttadédedóši) - towards, in that direction

► cf. ta-de-de (-ttadéde) - towards, in the direction of; to-to-do-shi (tótodóši) - on this side of; e-ta-do-shi (éttadóši) - around by the other side; ko-to-do-shi (kótodóši) - beyond, on the other side of

► ex: mi-o-xpe-ta-de-de-do-shi (míoxpe-ttadede doši) - toward the sunset, on the west side

► ko-ha (kóha) - in that direction [JOD]

► cf. ko-ta-ha (kótaha) - that yonder, that over there; kaⁿ-ha (kką́ha), koⁿ-ha (kkǫ́ha) - near, by; e-to-ha (ettóha) - ahead, in front, in advance; i-maⁿ-ha (imąha) - Imaha, a Quapaw village; the “up river” Quapaw village

► ex: ko-ha da-kde ta-i, aⁿ-naⁿ-ki-ye (“kóha dakdé tai,” ąną́kiye) - in that direction you two will go homeward, she said to him [JOD]

► Dhegiha: go (go) - there, yonder: distal prefix of relative location; on the other side; on the far side [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ha (ha) - through (direction), along a path, in a direction, by way of, from [CQ-Osage]

► o-ha de (óha dé) - to go in that direction, go along that path [JOD]

► cf. o-ha (ohá) - following, following its course [JOD]; de (de) - go

► ex: hi-da-ta-kde o-ha de (hidáttakde óha dé) - she ascended the ladder [JOD]

► Dhegiha: u-ha (uhá) - following, following it, following the course [JOD-Omaha]; u-ha u-ga-shoⁿ (uha ugashoⁿ) - tour [Omaha]; ha (ha) - through (direction), along a path, in a direction, by way of, from [CQ-Osage]

that he would

► ta-we (ttawé) - that he would [JOD]

► cf. ta (tta) - future tense; potential mode clitic; a-we (áwe) - evidential particle

► ex: ta-bde de ta-we (tábde dé ttawé) - hunting/go/that he would [JOD]

► ex: o-naⁿ-bde kda-sniⁿ naⁿ, shi-naⁿ ta-bde de ta-we, i-yi i-ya sni-wa-te (ónąbde kdasnį́ ną, šíną tábde dé ttawé, iyí iyá sniwátte) - when all the food had been consumed, it is said that Winter spoke of going hunting again [JOD]

► ex: ta-bde de ta-we (tábde dé ttawé) - to hunt/go/that he would [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ-tʰaⁿ-hi, sni-wa-te ta-bde de ta-we, i-yi i-ya (hǫ́tʰąhi, sniwatté tábde dé ttawé iyí, iyá) - after some time, Winter spoke of going hunting, it is said that he said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: tʰa-bi (tʰábi) - future sign, used in quoting another’s words (indirect narration) [JOD-Omaha]

that kind

► e-kaⁿ (eką́), e-koⁿ (ekǫ́) - that sort, like, thus, like that, so

► ex: e-koⁿ (ekǫ́) - that sort [JOD]

► ex: “wi-e e-koⁿ wa-bda-ta-zhi moⁿ,” i-ye niⁿ-kʰe, i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“wíe ekǫ́ wá-bdatáži mǫ́,” iyé nįkʰé, iyá maštį́ke) - the Rabbit said, “I am not accustomed to eating that kind (of food),” it is said [JOD]

► ex: e-koⁿ (ekǫ́) - like it [JOD]

► ex: “hoⁿ-zhi, e-koⁿ o-a-ta-zhi a-ni-he,” i-yi i-ya sni-wa-te (“hǫží, ekǫ́ oáttaži anihé,” iyí iyá sniwátte) - “no, I am not looking for that kind,” it is said Winter said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: e-goⁿ (egoⁿ) - kind, type, as, like, certainly, action [Omaha]; e-goⁿ (e-goⁿ) - like, verily, very (FL-Osage); e-koⁿ (ékǫ) - like, similar to, like that, likewise, similarly, somewhat, kind of, rather, slightly, a bit, right, correctly, correct, appropriate, appropriately, that is right, true, that’s the way, thus, therefore, mean, signify, happen, be so [CQ-Osage]; e-go (égo) - like, as, so [Kaw]

► e-koⁿ naⁿ (ekǫ́ ną́) - only that sort, only that kind

► cf. e-kaⁿ (eką́), e-koⁿ (ekǫ́) - that sort, like, thus, like that, so; naⁿ-hi (nąhí) - alone, all alone; e-naⁿ (éną), e-naⁿ hi (enąhí) - only that, him, her, it

► ex: e-koⁿ naⁿ (ekǫ́ ną́) - only that sort [JOD]

► ex: “hoⁿ, e-koⁿ naⁿ o-a-te a-ni-he,” i-yi i-ya sni-wa-te (“hǫ, ekǫ́ ną́ oátte anihé,” iyí iyá sniwátte) - “yes, I have been looking for just that kind,” it is said Winter said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: e-goⁿ (egoⁿ) - kind, type, as, like, certainly, action [Omaha]; e-goⁿ (e-goⁿ) - like, verily, very (FL-Osage); e-koⁿ (ékǫ) - like, similar to, like that, likewise, similarly, somewhat, kind of, rather, slightly, a bit, right, correctly, correct, appropriate, appropriately, that is right, true, that’s the way, thus, therefore, mean, signify, happen, be so [CQ-Osage]; e-go (égo) - like, as, so [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: e-naⁿ (enáⁿ) - that only [JOD-Omaha]; e-noⁿ (e-nóⁿ) - only one, sole, exclusive [FL-Osage]; e-na (eená), e-naⁿ (eeną́) - be the only one, that only, therefore, that’s why, enough [CQ-Osage]; hnaⁿ e (hnaⁿ é) - alone, only, just [Kaw]

that long

► ka-tʰaⁿ (katʰą́) - that long, of that length

► cf. ka (ká) - that; tʰaⁿ (tʰą) - the standing/animate; continuative auxiliary, singular/standing/animate

► Dhegiha: ga-tʰoⁿ (gatʰóⁿ) - that far; that long; ga-toⁿ (ga-toⁿ) - a while [FL-Osage]; ka-txaⁿ (katxą́) - while, meanwhile, awhile, for a while, after a while, a little while [CQ-Osage]; ga-khaⁿ (gakháⁿ) - awhile, for a time [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ga-tʰoⁿ (gatʰóⁿ) - to throw the lead to measure the depth of a stream [Omaha/Ponca]; ga-taⁿ (gatáⁿ) - throw the lead to measure depth [Kaw]

► she-tʰaⁿ (šetʰą) - long enough, a certain length

► cf. de-she-tʰaⁿ (dešetʰą́) - from this place [JOD]; ka i-she-tʰaⁿ (ká-išetʰą́) - so far, the end, used as ending of a story [JOD]

► Dhegiha: she-tʰoⁿ (shetʰóⁿ) - that far (and no farther); that long (and no longer); the end [Omaha/Ponca]; she-tʰoⁿ (shétʰoⁿ) - that length; that short [Omaha/Ponca]

that lying object

► ka-kʰe (kákʰe) - that singular/lying/invisible/inanimate

► cf. ka (ká) - that (invisible); kʰe (kʰe) - the singular/lying/animate or inanimate

► Dhegiha: ga-kʰe (gákʰe) - that seen long inanimate object; that reclining animate object unseen but heard [Omaha/Ponca]

► ko-i-kʰe (kóikʰe) - that remote singular, lying, visible, animate or inanimate

► cf. koi (kói) - there, that; kʰe (kʰe) - the singular, lying, animate or inanimate; de-kʰe (dékʰe) - this lying, inanimate; de-kʰe-koⁿ (dekʰekǫ́) - this kind [JOD]; ka-kʰe (kákʰe) - that singular, lying, invisible, inanimate; ko-wa-kʰe (kówakʰe) - that singular, lying, animate or inanimate, yonder; she-kʰe (šékʰe) - that singular, lying, visible object; to-kʰe (tokʰé) - that singular, lying, inanimate object on this side; to-wa-kʰe (tówakʰe) - that singular, lying, inanimate object on this side

► ex: ni koi-kʰe (ní kóikʰe) - water/that lying object [JOD]

► ex: aⁿ-zhiⁿ-ka-ti ni koi-kʰe e-koⁿ i-da-hi-bda a-ta-pa-xti (ąžįkátti ní kóikʰe ekǫ́ idáhibdá áttapaxtí) - when I was small, I bathed in the water at regular intervals [JOD]

► Dhegiha: gu-a-kʰe (gú-a-kĕ) - the recl. an. ob. or lg. in. ob. in sight and beyond (another place) [JOD-Omaha]; gu-a-hi-kʰe (gú-a-hi-kĕ́) - the recl. an. ob. or lg. in. ob. at a short distance and beyond (another place) [JOD-Omaha]; gu-a-hi-the-kʰe (gúa-hi-¢é-kĕ) - the recl. an. ob. or lg. in. ob. at a great distance and beyond (another place); it lies yonder [JOD-Omaha]

► ko-wa-kʰe (kówakʰe) - that singular/lying/animate or inanimate, yonder

► cf. ko-wa (kówa) - yonder, further; kʰe (kʰe) - the singular/lying/animate or inanimate

► Dhegiha: gu-a-kʰe (gú-a-kĕ) - the recl. an. ob. or lg. in. ob. in sight and beyond (another place) [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: go (go) - that distant person or object; there, yonder: distal prefix of relative location; on the other side; on the far side; when [Kaw]

► she-kʰe (šékʰe) - that singular/lying/visible object

► cf. she (šé) - that, that visible, that visible thing; kʰe (kʰe) - the singular/lying/animate or inanimate

► Dhegiha: she-kʰe (shékʰe) - that visible recl. an. ob., lg. in. ob., or rectilinear col. of in. objects, near the speaker or the one addressed [Omaha/Ponca]; she-kshe (shé-kshe) - that long object [FL-Osage]; she-kshe (šée kše) - that one near you lying down [CQ-Osage]

► to-kʰe (tokʰé) - that singular/lying/inanimate object on this side

► cf. kʰe (kʰe) - the singular/lying/animate or inanimate

► Dhegiha: do (do) - in this direction, toward here; that one, the one over there; this one, the one over here [Kaw]

► to-wa-kʰe (tówakʰe) - that singular/lying/inanimate object on this side

► cf. to-wa (tówa) - on this side of a certain point; kʰe (kʰe) - the singular/lying/animate or inanimate

► Dhegiha: du-a-kʰe (dúakʰe) - the recl. an. ob. or the lg. in. ob. on this side of (a place) [Omaha/Ponca]; to-wa-kshe (tówa kše) - that one lying there [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: du-a (dua) - on this side [JOD-Omaha]; to-wa (tówa), to-a (tóa) - that, those (of one or more persons or things that are more remote than someone/something else or whose exact description in unknown or of little importance to the speech event) [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: kʰe (kʰe) - the inanimate lying, the inanimate horizontal, be positioned horizontally, an extended action in a lying position [Omaha]; kshe (kshe) - to prostrate, that lies, to lay down, to place flat on the ground or to be prostrate on any surface, the length of time from the beginning of a vigil [FL-Osage]; kshe (kše) - positional article for an entity that is lying down or long; positional article that indicates plurality of an inanimate entity that takes tsʰe (cʰe) “standing” positional in the singular [CQ-Osage]; kshe (kše) - lying down or long [CQ-Osage]; khe (khe) - “the”; definite article for lying/inanimate objects [Kaw]

that moving object

► ka-niⁿ (kánį) - that singular/moving/invisible/animate

► cf. ka (ká) - that (invisible); niⁿ (nį) - the singular/moving/animate; continuative aux. moving

► Dhegiha: ga-thiⁿ (gáthiⁿ) - that mv. an. ob.; that growing in. ob., as a lot of grass; ga-thiⁿ (gá-thiⁿ) - that person moving [FL-Osage]

► ko-i-niⁿ (kóinį) - that remote singular/moving/visible/animate

► cf. ko-i (kói) - that, there; niⁿ (nį) - the singular/moving/animate; continuative aux. moving

► Dhegiha: gu-a-thiⁿ (gú-a-¢iⁿ), gu-da-thiⁿ (gú-da-¢iⁿ) - the visible an, ob. mv. beyond or on that side of a person or place [JOD-Omaha]; gu-a-hi-thiⁿ (gú-a-hi-¢íⁿ) - the an. ob. mv. (in a crowd) at a short distance and beyond (another place), but not traveling [JOD-Omaha]; gu-a-hi-the-thiⁿ (gú-a-hi-¢é-¢iⁿ) - the an. ob. mv. (in a crowd) at a great distance and beyond (another place) [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: go (go) - that distant person or object; there, yonder: distal prefix of relative location; on the other side; on the far side; when [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: thiⁿ (thiⁿ) - the moving [JOD-Omaha]; thiⁿ (thiⁿ) - a man or animal moving about [FL-Osage]; yi (yi) - continuative, moving/animate [Kaw]

► ko-ta-de-de-niⁿ (kótadédenį́) - that departed singular/moving/animate, yonder

► cf. ko-ta (kóta) - over there, on that side of, on the other side, beyond, yonder, farther off, farther over there, ahead; de (de) - go; de-de (déde) - sent away, causative of go; niⁿ (nį) - the singular/moving/animate; continuative aux. moving

► Dhegiha: gu-a-the-thiⁿ (gú-a-¢e-¢iⁿ) - that visible one beyond or that side of a person or place, who has started and is mv. [JOD-Omaha]

► ko-ta-niⁿ (kótanį) - that singular/moving/animate over there

► cf. ko-ta (kóta) - over there, on that side of, on the other side, beyond, yonder, farther off, farther over there, ahead; niⁿ (nį) - the singular/moving/animate; continuative aux. moving

► Dhegiha: gu-da-thiⁿ (gú-da-¢iⁿ), gu-a-thiⁿ (gú-a-¢iⁿ) - the visible an, ob. mv. beyond or on that side of a person or place [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: gu-da (gúda), gu-a (gúa) - on that side of, beyond (a person or place), yonder, farther off [JOD-Omaha]; go-da (gó-da) - ahead [FL-Osage]; gu-da (gú-da) - facing the opposite direction [FL-Osage]; ko-ta (kootá) - farther over there, beyond, on the other side of something [CQ-Osage]; ko-ta (kóota) - that yonder, that (person or thing) over there (beyond speaker or hearer); the farther one in space or time [CQ-Osage]; go-da (góda) - yonder [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: thiⁿ (thiⁿ) - the moving [JOD-Omaha]; thiⁿ (thiⁿ) - a man or animal moving about [FL-Osage]; yi (yi) - continuative, moving/animate [Kaw]

► ko-wa-hi-niⁿ (kówahinį) - that arrived singular/moving/animate; the one who has reached

► cf. ko-wa (kówa) - yonder, further; hi (hi) - arrive, reach there, have been; come, be coming here, not own; niⁿ (nį) - the singular/moving/animate; continuative aux. moving

► Dhegiha: gu-a-hi-thiⁿ (gú-a-hi-¢íⁿ) - the an. ob. mv. (in a crowd) at a short distance and beyond (another place), but not traveling [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: go (go) - that distant person or object; there, yonder: distal prefix of relative location; on the other side; on the far side; when [Kaw]

► ko-wa-niⁿ (kówanį) - that singular/moving/animate, yon

► cf. ko-wa (kówa) - yonder, further; niⁿ (nį) - the singular/moving/animate; continuative aux. moving

► Dhegiha: gu-a-thiⁿ (gú-a-¢iⁿ), gu-da-thiⁿ (gú-da-¢iⁿ) - the visible an, ob. mv. beyond or on that side of a person or place [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: go (go) - that distant person or object; there, yonder: distal prefix of relative location; on the other side; on the far side; when [Kaw]

► she-niⁿ (šénį) - that moving/visible/animate

► cf. she (šé) - that, that visible, that visible thing; niⁿ (nį) - the singular/moving/animate; continuative aux. moving

► Dhegiha: she-thiⁿ (shéthiⁿ) - that moving animate object not going on a journey; that collection of growing (i.e. moving) inanimate objects, as grasses, refers to what is visible and near [Omaha/Ponca]

► to-hi-niⁿ (tóhinį) - that singular/moving/animate object that arrived on this side

► cf. hi (hi) - arrive, reach there, have been; come, be coming here, not own; niⁿ (nį) - the singular/moving/animate; continuative aux. moving

► Dhegiha: du-a-hi-thiⁿ (dúahithíⁿ) - the animate object moving at a short distance, and on this side of (a place).

► Dhegiha: do (do) - in this direction, toward here; that one, the one over there; this one, the one over here [Kaw]

► to-ta-hi-de-niⁿ (tótahídenį́) - that singular/moving/animate object arriving on this side

► cf. to-ta (tóta) - on this side; hi (hi) - arrive, reach there, have been; come, be coming here, not own; hi-de (hidé) - to send it hither [JOD]; hi-de (hidé) - go, to have gone somewhere; niⁿ (nį) - the singular/moving/animate; continuative aux. moving

► Dhegiha: du-da-hi-the-thiⁿ (dú-da-hi-¢é-¢iⁿ), du-a-hi-the-thiⁿ (dú-a-hi-¢é-¢iⁿ) - the an. ob. mv. (in a crowd) at a great distance (from the speaker), and on this side of (a place) [JOD-Omaha]; du-da-hi-the (dú-da-hi-¢é), du-a-hi-the (dú-a-hi-¢é) - at a great distance from (the speaker), and on this side of a place [JOD-Omaha]; du-da-hi (dú-da-hi), du-a-hi (dú-a-hi) - on this side of (it) at a short distance [JOD-Omaha]

► to-ta-niⁿ (tótanį́) - that singular/moving/animate object on this side

► cf. to-ta (tóta) - on this side; niⁿ (nį) - the singular/moving/animate; continuative aux. moving

► Dhegiha: du-da-thiⁿ (dúda¢iⁿ), du-a-thiⁿ (dua¢iⁿ) - the an. ob. mv. on this side of (the place); what is seen [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: du-da (dúda), du-a (dúa) - on this side and nearer this place; hither [JOD-Omaha]; do-da (dó-da) - in this direction [FL-Osage]; do-da (dóda) - this way, the one on this side; the one who is present [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: thiⁿ (thiⁿ) - the moving [JOD-Omaha]; thiⁿ (thiⁿ) - a man or animal moving about [FL-Osage]; yi (yi) - continuative, moving/animate [Kaw]

► to-wa-niⁿ (tówanį) - that singular/moving/animate object on this side or the nearer of two objects

► cf. to-wa (tówa) - on this side of a certain point; niⁿ (nį) - the singular/moving/animate; continuative aux. moving

► Dhegiha: du-a-thiⁿ (dúathiⁿ) - the an. ob. mv. on this side of (the place); what is seen [Omaha/Ponca]

► Dhegiha: du-a (dua) - on this side [JOD-Omaha]; to-wa (tówa), to-a (tóa) - that, those (of one or more persons or things that are more remote than someone/something else or whose exact description in unknown or of little importance to the speech event) [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: thiⁿ (thiⁿ) - the moving [JOD-Omaha]; thiⁿ (thiⁿ) - a man or animal moving about [FL-Osage]; yi (yi) - continuative, moving/animate [Kaw]

that one too, both

► e-naⁿ-pa (énąpa) - both, that one too

► cf. e (e) - that, he, she, it, aforementioned; naⁿ-pa (ną́pa), noⁿ-pa (nǫ́pa), noⁿ-ba (nǫ́ba) - two

► ex: i-shta-xe sh’a-ke e-ka-xnaⁿ niⁿ-kʰe e-naⁿ-pa ti-kda-wi (ištáxe šʔáke ekáxną nįkʰé enąp͓á ttíkdawí) - the frenchman and his wife, the both of them kept house [JOD]

► ex: mi-ka ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-naⁿ-pa (mikká maštį́ke enąpá) - raccoon and rabbit, the both of them [JOD]

► ex: mi-ka ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-naⁿ-pa ti-kde ni-kʰa (mikká maštį́ke enąpa ttíkde nikʰá) - raccoon and rabbit both lived together [JOD]

► ex: ni-ka she-mi zhi-ka e-naⁿ-pa (níkka šémižíka enąpá) - both the man and little girl [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ ni-ka niⁿ-kʰe she-mi zhi-ka e-naⁿ-pa kda-we, i-ya-we (kóišǫ́ttą níkka nįkʰé šémižíka enąpá kdáwe, iyáwe) - then both the man and little girl started homeward, they say [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ ni-ka she-mi-zhi-ka e-naⁿ-pa kde pa, i-ya-we (kóišǫ́ttą níkka šémižíka enąpá kde pá, iyáwe) - then both the man and little girl were going homeward, they say [JOD]

► Dhegiha: e-thoⁿ-ba (ethóⁿba) - also, too: refers to two objects, and no more [Omaha/Ponca]; e-thoⁿ-pa (é-thoⁿ-ba) - and; he also; of the two divisions [FL-Osage]; e-thoⁿ-pa (éeðǫǫpa) - group including just mentioened individual(s) (can sometimes be translated as’ both’, ‘all’, ‘and another’, ‘and others’, or as ‘and I’ when followed by a verb with 1^st pl. inflection) [CQ-Osage]; e-yoⁿ-ba (éyoⁿba) - both, too, also; and (used with nouns) [Kaw]

that only

► e-naⁿ (éną), e-naⁿ-hi (enąhí) - only that, him, her, it

► cf. e (e) - that, he, she, it, the aforementioned; naⁿ (ną) - only [JOD]; naⁿ-hi (ną́hi) - only, alone, all alone; de naⁿ-hi (dé nąhí) - only this, just this; naⁿ-xti (nąxtí) - only [JOD]; naⁿ-iⁿ-te (ną́įtte) - only, alone

► ex: wa-jhi-ni kde ta zho-zhi-te e-naⁿ o-zha-wi koⁿ-bda (waǰíni kdé tta žožítte éną óžawi kkǫbdá) - you white people go home and us Indians dance all night (when the white people go home, I want just us Indians to dance [MS]

► ex: e-naⁿ (eną́) - she only [JOD]

► ex: she-mi e-zhi ke hi taⁿ wa-hiⁿ-ska ho-taⁿ kʰe za-ni di-za-i taⁿ wa-haⁿ-niⁿ-ke taⁿ e-naⁿ kaⁿ-tʰaⁿ (šémi éži ke hí tą wahį́ska hóttą kʰe zaní dizá-i tą wahą́nįké tą eną́ ką-tʰą) - when the other girls arrived, they took all the good calico, the orphan just stood there alone [JOD]

► ex: e-naⁿ maⁿ-niⁿ (ĕnáⁿ máⁿníⁿ) - masculine name, Walks Alone, refers to the buffalo bull (tetúka) [JOD]

► ex: e-naⁿ mi te-xi (éną mi ttéxi) - female personal name, The Only Precious, Difficult One [OM]

► ex: e-ti e-naⁿ-hi kaⁿ-tʰaⁿ taⁿ ta-bde de naⁿ (étti enąhí ką-tʰą́ tą tábde dé ną) - she was there alone, when he went hunting [JOD]

► ex: e-naⁿ-hi (eną́hí) - only [JOD]

► ex: wa-x’o niⁿ-kʰe e-naⁿ-hi o-shte naⁿ, i-ya (waxʔó nįkʰé énąhí ošté ną, iyá) - only the woman remained, it is said [JOD]

► ex: de-do a-shka e-ti-tʰaⁿ she-mi e-naⁿ-hi wa-niⁿ e-ti-tʰaⁿ, i-ke niⁿ (dédo áška ettítʰą šémi eną́hí wánį ettítʰą, iké nį́) - near here one stands (a lodge), it only has girls, he said to her [JOD]

► ex: e-naⁿ-hi (enąhí) - they only [JOD]

► ex: wi-zhoⁿ-de wi-ti-to i-niⁿ-ha, shi-zhi-ka e-ta-we e-naⁿ-hi o-shte ke, wi-e naⁿ-hi naⁿ-haⁿ e-ti miⁿ-kʰe (wižǫ́de wittítto inįhá, šižíka ettáwe enąhí ošté ke, wíe nąhí nąhą́ ettí mįkʰé) - my elder sister and elder brother, their children are all that is left, I am the eldest [JOD]

► Dhegiha: e-hnaⁿ (e-hnáⁿ), e-naⁿ (é-naⁿ), e-na (ená) - that only, he only, only he, alone, that alone, it alone, he alone [JOD-Omaha]; e-noⁿ (é-noⁿ) - that only, only one, alone, sole, exclusive, special [FL-Osage]; e-naⁿ (éeną), e-na (éena), e-ʰna (éʰna) - he/she/it only, it is only he/she/it [CQ-Osage]; e-hnaⁿ (éhnaⁿ) - only [Kaw]

► e-naⁿ-xti (eną́-xti) - only that, he, she, it alone

► cf. e (e) - that, he, she, it, the aforementioned; naⁿ (ną) - only [JOD]; xti (xti) - very, real, fully; e-naⁿ (éną), e-naⁿ-hi (enąhí) - only that, him, her, it; naⁿ-xti (nąxtí) - only [JOD]; naⁿ-hi (ną́hi) - only, alone, all alone; de naⁿ-hi (dé nąhí) - only this, just this; naⁿ-iⁿ-te (ną́įtte) - only, alone

► ex: di-shi-ka-we taⁿ-ha wa-kdi-shka e-naⁿ-xti da-tʰe ta-i-tʰe (díšikáwe tą́ha wakdíška éną-xti datʰé taitʰé) - because you’all have been bad, you’all shall eat nothing but insects and reptiles in the future [JOD]

► ex: maⁿ xi-da ma-shoⁿ e-naⁿ-xti i-da-ki-da naⁿ, i-ya (mą́ xidá mášǫ eną́-xti idákidá ną, iyá) - he used only eagle feathers to glue to the arrows, it is said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: e-na-xti (enáqti), e-na-xchi (enáqchi) - only that, it, he, she, or they; he, she, it, or them alone [Omaha/Ponca]; e-noⁿ-xji (enoⁿxji) - only; single [Omaha]; e-noⁿ-xtsi (e-nóⁿ-xtsi) - he, she, or it alone [FL-Osage]

that place

► e-ta (etta) - there [JOD]

► cf. e (e) - that, he, she, it; ta (tta) - to, at, toward, in that direction

► ex: e-ta de-de o-ka-xde (ettá déde okáxde) - face the other way

► ex: e-ta-do-shi (éttadóši) - around by the other side

► ex: e-ta-ha (ettahá) - over there [JOD]

► ex: e-ta-kaⁿ-za (ettákkąza) - above, directly, opposite

► ex: e-ta-ki-kaⁿ-za (ettákkikką́za) - opposite, even with, parallel

► ex: e-ta-ko-iⁿ-xe hi (ettákóįγe hi) - he came around to him [JOD]

► ex: e-ta te-ta (ettá ttetta) - at or on the right side, may just be ‘side’

► ex: e-ta te-ta i-di-shaⁿ (étta ttétta ídišą) - around in that direction

► Dhegiha: e-ta (ĕ́ʇa) - there [JOD-Omaha]; e-ʰta (e-ṭá) - thitherward; toward the person [FL-Osage]; e-ta (éta) - there, towards that place [Kaw]

► e-ti (étti), (ettí) - there, then

► cf. e (e) - that, he, she, it; ti (tti) - at, by, in; locative

► ex: e-ti e-naⁿ-hi kaⁿ-tʰaⁿ (étti enąhí ką-tʰą́) - there/alone/she was standing so awhile [JOD]

► ex: e-ti e-naⁿ-hi kaⁿ-tʰaⁿ taⁿ ta-bde de naⁿ (étti enąhí ką-tʰą́ tą tábde dé ną) - she was there alone, when he went hunting [JOD]

► ex: e-ti zhoⁿ-wi (ettí žǫ́wi) - they (the two of them) laid down there [JOD]

► ex: e-ti da-tʰe shoⁿ-niⁿ-kʰe taⁿ-niⁿ da-we (étti datʰé šǫ́-nįkʰé ttą́nį dáwe) - he sat there eating (the puppy) while they ran away [JOD]

► ex: e-ti shoⁿ-zhi-ka i-da-bniⁿ tʰaⁿ ki-ki-knaⁿ-wi (étti šǫ́žiká ídabnį tʰą kíkikną́wi) - there, they put their third pup down for him [JOD]

► ex: e-ti o-ma-ni-ka kde-bnaⁿ-taⁿ sa-taⁿ a-kniⁿ e-aⁿ-na-ska a-ni-he maⁿ (etí ománikka kdébnąttą́ sattą́ aknį́ eą́naska aníhe mą́) - I was fifteen years of age there

► ex: e-ti o-i-he (étti óihé) - follow, go with, attend

► ex: e-ti-hi (ettíhi) - at that time

► ex: e-ti-tʰaⁿ (ettítʰą) - thence, subsequently, from then on

► ex: e-ti e-zha (étti éža) - and then [JOD]

► Dhegiha: e-di (édi), (edí) - by, at, in, to; there; thither; said of time as well as place: then, when; used in making an assertion: it is there [Omaha/Ponca]; e-di (edi) - there; over there; at [Omaha]; e-dsi (e-dsí) - there [FL-Osage]; e-tsi (ecí) - be present here/there, exist here/there; be at that time; and, plus [CQ-Osage]; e-ji (ejí), (éji) - there, in that place; to that place, thither [Kaw]

► ko-i-ta (kóitta) - there, in that place

► cf. koi (kói) - there, that; ta (-tta) - to, at, toward, in that direction; ko-i-ta de-de (kóitta déde) - a little to one side

► ex: i-ka-xa-ta koi-ta kniⁿ (íkaxátta kóitta knį́) - on the opposite side of the lodge/in that place/sit thou [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ-tʰaⁿ-hi, “i-ka-xa-ta koi-ta kniⁿ,” i-yi i-ya wa-sa niⁿ-kʰe (hǫ́tʰąhi, “íkaxátta kóitta knį́,” iyí iyá wasá niⁿkʰe) - then the black bear said, “sit over there on the other side of the lodge,” it is said (they say) [JOD]

► Dhegiha: gu-da (gúda), gu-a (gúa) - on that side of, beyond (a person or place), yonder, farther off [JOD-Omaha]; go-da (gó-da) - ahead [FL-Osage]; ko-ta (kootá) - farther over there, beyond, on the other side of something [CQ-Osage]; ko-ta (kóota) - that yonder, that (person or thing) over there (beyond speaker or hearer); the farther one in space or time [CQ-Osage]; go-da (góda) - yonder [Kaw]

► she-ta (šétta) - there, at/to that place

► cf. she (šé) - that; ta (tta) - to, at, toward, in that direction

► ex: she-ta a-kʰi-kniⁿ ta miⁿ-kʰe (šétta akʰíknį tta mįkʰé) - I will return thither (in sight) and take my seat

► ex: she-ta da-kʰi-kniⁿ naⁿ (šétta dakʰíknį ną́) - return thither and take your seat!

► ex: di-taⁿ-niⁿ e-ti da! a-shi-oⁿ-he-taⁿ she-ta pi te (díttąnį étti dá! ášiǫhéttą šétta ppi tte) - you go there first! I will join you later on

► ex: a-shi-oⁿ-he-taⁿ she-ta oⁿ-ka-hi ta oⁿ-ka-tʰaⁿ (ášiǫhéttą šétta ǫkáhi tta ǫkatʰą́), a-shi-oⁿ-he-taⁿ she-ta oⁿ-ka-hi taⁿ-ka-tʰaⁿ (ášiǫhéttą šétta ǫkáhi ttąkatʰą́) - later on, we will reach there (where you are)

► Dhegiha: she (she) - that way, that course or direction; that [Omaha/Ponca]; she (ce) - that way or course; that: refers to an object in sight of or near the speaker and the one addressed [JOD-Omaha]; she (she) - that; refers to an object to the right of or near the speaker [Omaha/Ponca]; she (she) - there; that one [FL-Osage]; she (še) - that (near you) [CQ-Osage]; she (šée) - that, that one near you; here near you; there near you, there (closer to the hearer than to the speaker); him/her/it (closer to the hearer than to the speaker); she (she) - that (visible) [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ta (-ta) - at, to [Omaha/Ponca]; ta (-ta) - suffix of position or of motion to a place; at; to [JOD-Omaha]; ʰta (ṭa) - in that direction [FL-Osage]; ʰta (ʰta) - toward, in the direction of, from, into [CQ-Osage]; ta (-ta) - in, at, towards: locative added to nouns or adverbs to create an adverb [Kaw]

that sitting object

► ka-niⁿ-kʰe (kánįkʰe) - singular/sitting/invisible/animate

► cf. ka (ká) - that (invisible); niⁿ-kʰe (nįkʰe) - the singular/sitting/animate or inanimate; he/she/it, 3^rd person singular continuative sitting

► ex: “ka niⁿ-kʰe (“ká nįkʰé) - that/sitting object [JOD]

► ex: “ka niⁿ-kʰe be o-da-ki-e e,” i-yi i-ya maⁿ-tʰo (“ká nįkʰé bé odákkie e,” iyí iyá mątʰó) - “who is that one to whom you are talking?” it is said Grizzly bear said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ga-thiⁿ-kʰe (gáthiⁿkʰe) - that st. an. ob., or that cv. in. ob., at one side (but not seen) or out of sight (but heard); that one st., the ob. of an action; seen, and near the speaker [Omaha/Ponca]; ga-thiⁿ-kshe (gá-thiⁿ-kshe) - this (person) sitting [FL-Osage]; ka-iⁿ-kshe (káa įkše) - this one (sitting); these (lying down or horizontal things gathered into a bundle or a sack that sits) [CQ-Osage]

► ko-i-hi-de-niⁿ-kʰe (kóihidénįkʰe) - that remote singular/sitting/visible

► cf. ko-i (kói) - that, there; hi (hi) - arrive, reach there, have been; come, be coming here, not own; hi-de (hidé) - to send it hither [JOD]; hi-de (hidé) - go, to have gone somewhere; niⁿ-kʰe (nįkʰe) - the singular/sitting/animate or inanimate; he/she/it, 3^rd person singular continuative sitting

► ex: a-ni koi-hi-de-niⁿ-kʰe-ti (áni kóihidénįkʰetti) - hill/at yonder distant visible place [JOD]

► ex: wa-sa ka-hi-ke niⁿ-kʰe a-ni koi-hi-de-niⁿ-kʰe ti ti-kde niⁿ-kʰe (wasá kahíke niⁿkʰe áni kóihidénįkʰe tti ttikdé niⁿkʰe) - the black bear chief dwells in a lodge beyond yonder distant bluff [JOD]

► Dhegiha: gu-a-hi-the-thiⁿ-kʰe (gú-a-hi-¢é-¢iñ-ke), gu-da-hi-the-thiⁿ-kʰe (gú-da-hi-¢é-¢iñ-ké) - the an. ob. st. or kneeling at a great distance and beyond (another place) [JOD-Omaha]

► ko-i-niⁿ-kʰe (kóinįkʰe) - that remote singular, sitting, visible, animate or inanimate

► cf. koi (kói) - that; niⁿ-kʰe (nįkʰe) - the singular/sitting/animate or inanimate; he/she/it, 3^rd person singular continuative sitting

► Dhegiha: gu-a-hi-thiⁿ-kʰe (gú-a-hi-¢iñ-ké), gu-da-hi-thiⁿ-kʰe (gú-da-hi-¢iñ-ké) - the an. ob. st. at a short distance and beyond; refers to one unseen but heard [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: go (go) - that distant person or object; there, yonder: distal prefix of relative location; on the other side; on the far side; when [Kaw]

► ko-ta-niⁿ-kʰe (kótanįkʰe) - that singular/sitting/animate/yonder

► cf. ko-ta (kóta) - over there, on that side of, on the other side, beyond, yonder, farther off, farther over there, ahead; niⁿ-kʰe (nįkʰe) - the singular/sitting/animate or inanimate; he/she/it, 3^rd person singular continuative sitting

► Dhegiha: gu-da-thiⁿ-ke (gú-da-¢iñ-ké), gu-a-thiⁿ-ke (gú-a-¢iñ-ké) - the visible an. ob. st. beyond or on that side of a person or place [JOD-Omaha]; gu-da thiⁿ-shke (gú-da thiⁿ-shke) - the one sitting on the opposite side [FL-Osage]; ko-ta-iⁿ-kshe (kóotaįkšé) - that one sitting over there or yonder (beyond speaker or hearer) [CQ-Osage]; ko-ta-iⁿ-ke (kootáįke) - over there, yonder, farther than another thing, way over there, way back in thime or distance [CQ-Osage]; go-da-yiⁿ-khe (gódayiⁿkhe) - over there; yonder [Kaw]

► ko-wa-niⁿ-kʰe (kówanįkʰé) - that singular/sitting/animate or inanimate/yonder

► cf. ko-wa (kówa) - yonder, further; niⁿ-kʰe (nįkʰe) - the singular/sitting/animate or inanimate; he/she/it, 3^rd person singular continuative sitting

► ex: ma-zhaⁿ ko-wa-niⁿ-kʰe (mažą́ kówanįkʰe) - yonder (piece of) land

► Dhegiha: gu-a-thiⁿ-kʰe ((gú-a-¢iñ-ké) - the visible an. ob. st. beyond or on that side of a person or place; refers to one sitting [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: go (go) - that distant person or object; there, yonder: distal prefix of relative location; on the other side; on the far side; when [Kaw]

► she-niⁿ-kʰe (šénįkʰe) - that sitting/visible/animate or inanimate

► cf. she (šé) - that, that visible, that visible thing; niⁿ-kʰe (nįkʰe) - the singular/sitting/animate or inanimate; he/she/it, 3^rd person singular continuative sitting

► ex: wi-te-ke, she-niⁿ-kʰe ta-ska pa-hi miⁿ (wítteké, šénįkʰé ttaská ppahí mį) - mother’s brother/that cv. ob./rocky mountain sheep/head/one [JOD]

► ex: “wi-te-ke, she-niⁿ-kʰe ta-ska pa-hi miⁿ,” i-yi- i-ya (“wítteké, šénįkʰé ttaská ppahí mį,” iyí iyá) - “my mother’s brother, that object by you is the head of a Bighorn sheep,” it is said that he said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: she-thiⁿ-kʰe (shéthiⁿkʰe) - that visible and near sitting animate object; that visible and near sitting subject of an action at the request of another (not a free action); that curved inanimate object [Omaha/Ponca]; she-iⁿ-kshe (šée įkšé), she-thiⁿ-kshe (šée ðįkšé) - that one sitting (animate or inanimate), that one over there, closer to the hearer than to the speaker; that thing there [CQ-Osage]; she-yiⁿ-khe (shéyiⁿkhe) - that (visible/sitting; animate or inanimate; object of verb) [Kaw]

► to-hi-niⁿ-kʰe (tóhinįkʰé) - that singular/sitting/animate nearby object on this side of a place

► cf. niⁿ-kʰe (nįkʰe) - the singular/sitting/animate or inanimate; he/she/it, 3^rd person singular continuative sitting

► Dhegiha: du-a-hi-thiⁿ-kʰe (dúahithiⁿkʰé) - this animate object sitting at a short distance from (the speaker), and on this side of (a place) [Omaha/Ponca]

► Dhegiha: do (do) - in this direction, toward here; that one, the one over there; this one, the one over here [Kaw]

► to-ta-niⁿ-kʰe (tótanįkʰé) - that singular/sitting/animate object on this side

► cf. to-ta (tóta) - on this side; niⁿ-kʰe (nįkʰe) - the singular/sitting/animate or inanimate; he/she/it, 3^rd person singular continuative sitting

► Dhegiha: du-da-thiⁿ-ke (dú-da-¢iñ-ké), du-a-thiⁿ-ke (dú-a-¢iñ-ké) - the an. ob. st. on this side of (the place) [JOD-Omaha]; du-da thiⁿ-kse (dú-da thiⁿ-kshe) - the one sitting on this side [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: du-da (dúda), du-a (dúa) - on this side and nearer this place; hither [JOD-Omaha]; do-da (dó-da) - in this direction [FL-Osage]; do-da (dóda) - this way, the one on this side; the one who is present [Kaw]

► to-wa-niⁿ-kʰe (tówanįkʰé) - that singular/sitting object on this side

► cf. to-wa (tówa) - on this side of a certain point; niⁿ-kʰe (nįkʰe) - the singular/sitting/animate or inanimate; he/she/it, 3^rd person singular continuative sitting

► Dhegiha: du-a-thiⁿ-kʰe (dúathiⁿkʰé) - the an. ob. st. on this side of (the place) [Omaha/Ponca]; to-wa iⁿ-kshe (tówa įkše), to-iⁿ-kshe (tó įkšé) - that one of uncertain or unimportant identity (animate or inanimate); that person sitting; that object or thing sitting there; that group of objects of uncertain or unimportant identity (not animate if plural) [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: du-a (dua) - on this side [JOD-Omaha]; to-wa (tówa), to-a (tóa) - that, those (of one or more persons or things that are more remote than someone/something else or whose exact description in unknown or of little importance to the speech event) [CQ-Osage]

that size

► e-naⁿ-ska (enąska) - of a certain size

► cf. e (e) - that, he, she, it; na-ska (-naská) - size

► ex: e-aⁿ-naⁿ-ska (eą́nąska) - of my size [JOD)]

► ex: wa-x’o zhi-ka wi e-aⁿ-naⁿ-ska ke e-hoⁿ we-niⁿ-tʰaⁿ pa naⁿ, wa-x’o zhi-ka ke wa-hiⁿ zhi-te i-niⁿ aⁿ-taⁿ o-zha pa naⁿ (waxʔó žiká wi eą́nąska ke ehǫ́ wénįtʰą ppá ną, waxʔó žiká ke wahį́ žítte ínį ą́ttą óža ppá ną) - the old women of my size, they also wore clothing, the old women wore red broad cloth when they danced [JOD]

► ex: e-ti o-ma-ni-ka kde-bnaⁿ-taⁿ sa-taⁿ a-kniⁿ e-aⁿ-na-ska a-ni-he maⁿ (etí ománikka kdébnąttą́ sattą́ aknį́ eą́naska aníhe mą́) - I was fifteen years of age there

► Dhegiha: e-thoⁿ-ska (éthoⁿska) - of that size (i.e., the size of a measure or standard): refers to inanimate objects only [Omaha/Ponca]

► ka-na-ska (kanaská) - size, of that size

► cf. ka (ká) - that; na-ska (-naská) - size; de-na-ska (denaská) - size, of this size; e-naⁿ-ska (enąska) - of a certain size; ha-na-ska (hánaská) - how big or small, what size; ha-na-ska naⁿ-naⁿ (hánaska ną́ną) - how big (is) each; ha-na-ska-ska (hánaskáska) - how big (is) each; ha-na-ska-ska hi-te (hánaskáska hitté) - whatever size, however big; kaⁿ-ze a-na-ska (kką́ze ánaska) - of equal or like size; ko-i-na-ska (kóinaská) - size of that distant object; miⁿ-de-na-ska (mįdénaska) - half that size; she-na-ska (šenaská) - big enough size, of that size

► ko-i-na-ska (kóinaská) - size of that distant object

► cf. ko-i (kói) - that, there; na-ska (-naská) - size; de-na-ska (denaská) - size, of this size; e-naⁿ-ska (enąska) - of a certain size; ha-na-ska (hánaská) - how big or small, what size; ha-na-ska naⁿ-naⁿ (hánaska ną́ną) - how big (is) each; ha-na-ska-ska (hánaskáska) - how big (is) each; ha-na-ska-ska hi-te (hánaskáska hitté) - whatever size, however big; ka-na-ska (kanaská) - size, of that size; kaⁿ-ze a-na-ska (kką́ze ánaska) - size, of equal or like; miⁿ-de-na-ska (mįdénaska) - half that size; she-na-ska (šenaská) - big enough size, of that size

► miⁿ-de-na-ska (mįdénaska) - half that size

► cf. miⁿ-de (mįdé) - half (of that measure); miⁿ-de-na-ska (mįdénaska) - half that size; miⁿ-de-naⁿ (mįdéną) - half that many, quantity; miⁿ-de-tʰoⁿ (mįdétʰǫ), miⁿ-de-toⁿ (mįdéttǫ) - half that length; miⁿ-de-tʰaⁿ-ha (mįdétʰąha) - half that depth; miⁿ-de-tʰaⁿ-ka (mįdétʰąká) - half that height

► Dhegiha: wiⁿ-de-na-ska (wiⁿdénaska) - half size, half that size, half as big [Omaha/Ponca]; wiⁿ-de-thoⁿ-ska (wiⁿdéthoⁿska) - half, half the size, half as big [Omaha/Ponca]

► she-na-ska (šenaská) - big enough size, of that size

► cf. she (še) - that; na-ska (-naská) - size; de-na-ska (denaská) - size, of this size; e-naⁿ-ska (enąska) - of a certain size; ha-na-ska (hánaská) - how big or small, what size; ha-na-ska naⁿ-naⁿ (hánaska ną́ną) - how big (is) each; ha-na-ska-ska (hánaskáska) - how big (is) each; ha-na-ska-ska hi-te (hánaskáska hitté) - whatever size, however big; ka-na-ska (kanaská) - size, of that size; kaⁿ-ze a-na-ska (kką́ze ánaska) - of equal or like size; ko-i-na-ska (kóinaská) - size of that distant object; miⁿ-de-na-ska (mįdénaska) - half that size

► Dhegiha: she-na-ska (shénaska), she-thoⁿ-ska (shéthoⁿska) - that size: refers to small things [Omaha/Ponca]; she-yoⁿ-ska (shéyoⁿska) - that size, that big; the size of the visible object [Kaw]

that standing object

► ka-tʰaⁿ (kátʰą) - that singular/standing/invisible/animate

► cf. ka (ká) - that (invisible); tʰaⁿ (tʰą) - the standing/animate; continuative auxiliary, singular/standing/animate

► ex: ka-tʰą (kátʰą) - that standing one [JOD]

► ex: o! ka-tʰaⁿ wa-zhiⁿ de-da-zhi hi e-de, i-ye a-ta-ha (o! kátʰą wažį́ dédaži hi edé, íye attahá) - pshaw! I have sure enough lost my patience with him, he talks too much [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ga-tʰoⁿ (gátʰoⁿ) - that standing animate object [Omaha/Ponca]

► ko-i-tʰaⁿ (kóitʰą) - that remote singular/standing/visible/animate

► ko-i-tʰaⁿ (kóitʰą) - that [ASG]

► cf. ko-i (kói) - that, it, there; tʰaⁿ (tʰą) - the standing/animate; continuative auxiliary, singular/standing/animate

► ex: shoⁿ-ke ko-i-tʰaⁿ (šǫ́ke kóitʰą) - that dog [ASG]

► Dhegiha: gu-a-tʰaⁿ (gú-a-taⁿ) - the an. ob. std. beyond (another place) [JOD-Omaha]; gu-a-hi-tʰaⁿ (gú-a-hi-táⁿ) - the an. ob. std. at a short distance and beyond (another place) [JOD-Omaha]; gu-a-hi-the-tʰaⁿ (gú-a-hi-¢é-taⁿ) - the an. ob. std. at a great distance and beyond (another place) [JOD-Omaha]

► ko-ta-de-de-tʰaⁿ (kótadédetʰą́) - that departed singular/standing/animate, yonder

► cf. ko-ta (kóta) - over there, on that side of, on the other side, beyond, yonder, farther off, farther over there, ahead; de (de) - go; de-de (déde) - sent away, causative of go; tʰaⁿ (tʰą) - the standing/animate; continuative auxiliary, singular/standing/animate

► Dhegiha: gu-a-hi-the-tʰaⁿ (gú-a-hi-¢é-taⁿ) - the an. ob. std. at a great distance and beyond (another place) [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: gu-da (gúda), gu-a (gúa) - on that side of, beyond (a person or place), yonder, farther off [JOD-Omaha]; go-da (gó-da) - ahead [FL-Osage]; ko-ta (kootá) - farther over there, beyond, on the other side of something [CQ-Osage]; ko-ta (kóota) - that yonder, that (person or thing) over there (beyond speaker or hearer); the farther one in space or time [CQ-Osage]; go-da (góda) - yonder [Kaw]

► ko-ta-tʰaⁿ (kótatʰą) - that singular/standing/animate, yonder

► cf. ko-ta (kóta) - over there, on that side of, on the other side, beyond, yonder, farther off, farther over there, ahead; tʰaⁿ (tʰą) - the standing/animate; continuative auxiliary, singular/standing/animate

► Dhegiha: go-da toⁿ (gó-da toⁿ) - that person standing yonder [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: gu-da (gúda), gu-a (gúa) - on that side of, beyond (a person or place), yonder, farther off [JOD-Omaha]; go-da (gó-da) - ahead [FL-Osage]; ko-ta (kootá) - farther over there, beyond, on the other side of something [CQ-Osage]; ko-ta (kóota) - that yonder, that (person or thing) over there (beyond speaker or hearer); the farther one in space or time [CQ-Osage]; go-da (góda) - yonder [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: tʰaⁿ (táⁿ) - the; standing; the standing; the standing object; the standing animate object; the standing one [JOD-Omaha]; ʰtoⁿ (ṭoⁿ), toⁿ (toⁿ) - to stand; to stand, as a man, woman, or horse [FL-Osage]; txaⁿ (txą), kxaⁿ (kxą) - positional article for a singular animate standing entity; continuative aspect postverbal marker (indicating ongoing action or state in present, past, or future time) for 2^nd person singular animate standing subject; also may indicate initiation of an activity by subject regardless of position [CQ-Osage]; kha (kha), khaⁿ (khaⁿ) - “the”; definite article for standing/animate objects; positional continuative [Kaw]

► ko-wa-tʰaⁿ (kówatʰą) - that singular/standing/animate, the further one

► cf. ko-wa (kówa) - yonder, further; tʰaⁿ (tʰą) - the standing/animate; continuative auxiliary, singular/standing/animate

► Dhegiha: gu-a-tʰaⁿ (gú-a-taⁿ) - the an. ob. std. beyond (another place) [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: go (go) - that distant person or object; there, yonder: distal prefix of relative location; on the other side; on the far side; when [Kaw]

► she-tʰaⁿ (šétʰą) - that standing/visible/animate

► cf. she (šé) - that, that visible, that visible thing; tʰaⁿ (tʰą) - the standing/animate; continuative auxiliary, singular/standing/animate

► Dhegiha: she-toⁿ (shé-toⁿ) - that one standing [FL-Osage]; she-txaⁿ (šée txą), she-kxaⁿ (šée kxą), she-tkxaⁿ (šée tkxą) - that one standing (animate) [CQ-Osage]

► to-hi-tʰoⁿ (tóhitʰǫ) - that singular/standing/animate object on this side of a place he has reached

► cf. hi (hi) - arrive, reach there, have been; come, be coming here, not own; tʰaⁿ (tʰą) - the standing/animate; continuative auxiliary, singular/standing/animate

► Dhegiha: do (do) - in this direction, toward here; that one, the one over there; this one, the one over here [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: du-a-hi-tʰoⁿ (dúahitʰóⁿ) - the animate object standing at a short distance from (the speaker), and on this side of (a place) [Omaha/Ponca]

► to-ta-hi-de-tʰaⁿ (tótahídetʰą́) - that singular/standing/animate object coming, on this side

► cf. to-ta (tóta) - on this side; hi (hi) - arrive, reach there, have been; come, be coming here, not own; hi-de (hidé) - to send it hither [JOD]; hi-de (hidé) - go, to have gone somewhere; tʰaⁿ (tʰą) - the standing/animate; continuative auxiliary, singular/standing/animate

► Dhegiha: du-da-hi-the-tʰaⁿ (dú-da-hi-¢é-taⁿ), du-a-hi-the-tʰaⁿ (dú-a-hi-¢é-taⁿ) - the an. ob. std. at a great distance from (the speaker) and on this side of (a place) [JOD-Omaha]; du-da-hi-the (dú-da-hi-¢é), du-a-hi-the (dú-a-hi-¢é) - at a great distance from (the speaker), and on this side of a place [JOD-Omaha]; du-da-hi (dú-da-hi), du-a-hi (dú-a-hi) - on this side of (it) at a short distance [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: du-da (dúda), du-a (dúa) - on this side and nearer this place; hither [JOD-Omaha]; do-da (dó-da) - in this direction [FL-Osage]; do-da (dóda) - this way, the one on this side; the one who is present [Kaw]

► to-ta-tʰaⁿ (tótatʰą́) - that singular/standing/animate object on this side

► cf. to-ta (tóta) - on this side; tʰaⁿ (tʰą) - the standing/animate; continuative auxiliary, singular/standing/animate

► Dhegiha: du-da-taⁿ (dú-da-taⁿ), du-a-taⁿ (dú-a-taⁿ) - the an. ob. std. on this side of (a place) [JOD-Omaha]; du-da-toⁿ (dú-da toⁿ) - the one standing on this side [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: du-da (dúda), du-a (dúa) - on this side and nearer this place; hither [JOD-Omaha]; do-da (dó-da) - in this direction [FL-Osage]; do-da (dóda) - this way, the one on this side; the one who is present [Kaw]

► ka-tʰe (kátʰe) - that standing/invisible/inanimate or that collection/invisible/inanimate

► cf. ka (ká) - that (invisible); tʰe (tʰe) - the singular/standing/inanimate, collective/inanimate; the act; past, completive aspect

► Dhegiha: ga-tʰe (gátĕ) - that [JOD-Omaha]; ga-tse (gá-tse) - this; this pile of things before us [FL-Osage]; ka-tsʰe (káa cʰe) - this (standing: a default combination of demonstrative and positional article used for both concrete and abstract items; those inanimate sitting/round things in the surrounding area (referring to a group of sitting items that would be considered ‘standing’ when gathered together [CQ-Osage]; ga-che (gáche) - that standing/inanimate object, or pile of objects; that thing, as what is not seen, or that is abstract; that [Kaw]

► ko-i-tʰe (kóitʰe) - that remote singular/standing/visible/inanimate

► cf. ko-i (kói) - that, there; tʰe (tʰe) - the singular/standing/inanimate, collective/inanimate; the act; past, completive aspect

► ex: wa-tʰe a-bi-saⁿ-te ko-i-tʰe di-ha-knaⁿ da (watʰé ábisątte kóitʰe dihákną dá) - go iron your (that) dress! [AG]

► Dhegiha: gu-a-hi-tʰe (gú-a-hi-tĕ́) - the std. in. ob. or the col. of in. objects at a short distance and beyond (another place) [JOD-Omaha]

► ko-wa-hi-de-tʰe (kówahídetʰé) - that singular/standing/invisible, yon

► cf. ko-wa (kówa) - yonder, further; hi-de (hidé) - to send it hither [JOD]; hi-de (hidé) - go, to have gone somewhere; further; tʰe (tʰe) - the singular/standing/inanimate, collective/inanimate; the act; past, completive aspect

► Dhegiha: gu-a-hi-the-tʰe (gú-a-hi-¢é-tĕ) - the in. ob. std. or the col. of in. objects at a great distance and beyond (another place) [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: go (go) - that distant person or object; there, yonder: distal prefix of relative location; on the other side; on the far side; when [Kaw]

► to-wa-tʰe (tówatʰe) - that singular/standing or collection/inanimate object on this side

► cf. to-wa (tówa) - on this side of a certain point; tʰe (tʰe) - the singular/standing/inanimate, collective/inanimate; the act; past, completive aspect

► Dhegiha: du-a-tʰe (dúatʰe) - the std. in. ob. or col. of in. objects on this side of (a place) [Omaha/Ponca]; to-wa tsʰe (tówa cʰe) - this one (thing) standing here, that one (thing) standing there; those ones, that stuff (a collection of sitting or round inanimate objects (such as a bunch of grapes) whose exact identity is unimportant or unknown) [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: du-a (dua) - on this side [JOD-Omaha]; to-wa (tówa), to-a (tóa) - that, those (of one or more persons or things that are more remote than someone/something else or whose exact description in unknown or of little importance to the speech event) [CQ-Osage]

that way

► e-ti-koⁿ (ettikǫ́) - that way [JOD]

► cf. e-ti (ettí) - there; koⁿ (kǫ), kaⁿ (ką) - as, since, so, like; de-kaⁿ (deką́), de-koⁿ (dekǫ́) - this sort; this kind, like this [JOD]; e-kaⁿ (eką́), e-koⁿ (ekǫ́) - that sort, like, thus, like that, so

► ex: di-e-hoⁿ e-ti-koⁿ i-ha pa-zhiⁿ-zhe e-naⁿ-pa o-do-ki-di-shpa-shpa-zhi koⁿ iⁿ (díehǫ ettikǫ́ íha ppažį́že eną́p͓a odókkidíšpašpaží kǫ́ į) - you too/that way/mouth/nose/it too/you (are) split in many places/so (=like)/period [JOD]

that will do

► shoⁿ iⁿ (šǫ́ į) - that will do [JOD]

► cf. shoⁿ (šǫ) - the end, enough; iⁿ (į́) - period, oral stop; iⁿ (į) - declarative particle, female speech; ka-shoⁿ (kašǫ) - that’s all, that’s enough

► Dhegiha: shoⁿ-iⁿ da (shóⁿ-iⁿ da) - enough; satisfying [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: shoⁿ (shoⁿ) - enough; that will do [Omaha/Ponca]; shoⁿ (shoⁿ) - quit; stop [Omaha]; shoⁿ (shoⁿ) - complete; perfect; it is done [FL-Osage]

that yonder, that over there

► ko-ta-ha (kótaha) - that yonder, that over there

► ko-ta-ha (kőtőhah) - that, which, who (qui) [GI]

► cf. ko-ha (kóha) - in that direction [JOD]; ta (tta) - to, at, toward, in that direction

► Dhegiha: ko-ta-ha (kootáha) - (to/from) farther away (in space); farther back, farther ahead (in space or time); beyond; the next to last, the one before last; the one after next, the one past the next [CQ-Osage]; go-da-ha (gódaha) - over there, thither [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: gu-da (gúda), gu-a (gúa) - on that side of, beyond (a person or place), yonder, farther off [JOD-Omaha]; go-da (gó-da) - ahead [FL-Osage]; ko-ta (kootá) - farther over there, beyond, on the other side of something [CQ-Osage]; ko-ta (kóota) - that yonder, that (person or thing) over there (beyond speaker or hearer); the farther one in space or time [CQ-Osage]; go-da (góda) - yonder [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: go (go) - there, yonder: distal prefix of relative location; on the other side; on the far side; that distant person or object [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ta (-ta) - at, to [Omaha/Ponca]; ta (-ta) - suffix of position or of motion to a place; at; to [JOD-Omaha]; ʰta (ṭa) - in that direction [FL-Osage]; ʰta (ʰta) - toward, in the direction of, from, into [CQ-Osage]; ta (-ta) - in, at, towards: locative added to nouns or adverbs to create an adverb [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ha (ha) - termination of direction, used with verbs of motion; in different ways or places; so many in each place [JOD-Omaha]; ha (ha) - through (direction), along a path, in a direction, by way of; from [CQ-Osage]

that, at that time

► e-shaⁿ-taⁿ (ešą́ttą) - then, at that time

► ex: e-shaⁿ-taⁿ da-i ke o-wa-di-bnaⁿ de (ešą́ttą daí ke ówadíbną dé) - then he smelled where they went [JOD]

► e-taⁿ-tʰoⁿ (ettątʰǫ́) - at that time [JOD]

► ex: aⁿ-zhiⁿ-ka-ti, e-taⁿ-tʰoⁿ (ąžįkátti ettątʰǫ́) - at that time, when I was small [JOD]

► Dhegiha: e-tʰoⁿ-doⁿ (étʰoⁿdoⁿ) - at the proper time or season; to be the time or opportunity for [Omaha/Ponca]

► e-ti-hi (ettíhi) - at that time [JOD]

► cf. e-ti (ettí) - there; hi (hi) - arrive, reach there, have been; come, be coming here

► ex: e-ti-hi (ettíhi) - at that time [JOD]

► ex: e-ti-hi di-xa-zhi wa-da-xo-we niⁿ-kʰe we-kde-wa-zhi naⁿ, i-ya (ettíhi dixáži wadáxowé nįkʰé wékdewaží ną, iyá) - at that time the Hill that draws things (people) into its mouth did not vomit him up, it is said [JOD]

► ex: e-ti-hi kda-he-he e-ki-oⁿ-ki-de (ettíhi kdahéhe ékiǫ-kkidé) - at that time/he caused him to do so at short intervals [JOD]

► ex: shi-naⁿ e-ti-hi kda-he-he e-ki-oⁿ-ki-de tʰaⁿ naⁿ, i-ya (šíną ettíhi kdahéhe ékiǫ-kkidé tʰą ną, iyá) - at that time, he (Rabbit) made him (Rabbit’s son) do it repeatedly, it is said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: e-di-hi (edíhi) - then [Omaha/Ponca]; e-di-hi (édihí) - it is time for it [Omaha/Ponca]; e-dsi-hi (e-dsí-hi) - when that happens [FL-Osage]

that, do that

► e-ki-oⁿ (ékiǫ), e-ki-’oⁿ (ékiʔǫ) - do as someone has said or done ► e-ki-moⁿ (ékimǫ) - I, e-ki-zhoⁿ (ékižǫ) - you

► cf. ’oⁿ (ʔǫ), ’aⁿ (ʔą) - use, do, be

► ex: e-ki-oⁿ (ékiǫ́) - do that [JOD]

► ex: “aⁿ-naⁿ-de ta-i, e-koⁿ te e-ki-oⁿ!” sni-wa-te i-yi i-ya (“ąną́de ttaí, ékǫ tte ékiǫ́!” sniwátte iyí iyá) - “we shall see, do so!” it is said that Winter said [JOD]

► ex: kda-he-he e-ki-oⁿ-ki-de (kdahéhe ékiǫ-kkidé) - he caused him to do so at short intervals [JOD]

► ex: shi-naⁿ e-ti-hi kda-he-he e-ki-oⁿ-ki-de tʰaⁿ naⁿ, i-ya (šíną ettíhi kdahéhe ékiǫ-kkidé tʰą ną, iyá) - at that time, he (Rabbit) made him (Rabbit’s son) do it repeatedly, it is said [JOD]

► ex: aⁿ-ki-oⁿ (ą́kiǫ́) - he treated mine [JOD]

► ex: “ko-i-she aⁿ-ki-oⁿ a-zhaⁿ-miⁿ, e-ta-ni wi-ta,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-zhiⁿ-ke niⁿ-kʰe (“kóiše ą́kiǫ́ ážąmį́, ettáni wítta,” iyí iyá maštį́ke ežį́ke nįkʰe) - I think that he has been treating my kinsman so,” it is said the Rabbit’s son said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: e-gi-aⁿ (é-gi-aⁿ) - to do that [JOD-Omaha]; e-gi-oⁿ (é-gí-oⁿ) - to do so [FL-Osage]; e-ki-oⁿ (ékiǫ) - do something, proceed or go ahead with something, can, be able to [CQ-Osage]; e-gi-’oⁿ (égi’oⁿ), ’e-gi-’oⁿ (’égi’oⁿ) - do so, do that to another, do something [Kaw]

► she ’oⁿ (šé ʔǫ) - to do that ► she moⁿ (šé mǫ) - I, she zhoⁿ (šé žǫ) - you, she ’oⁿ (šé ʔǫ) - he/she/it, she aⁿ-koⁿ (šé ąkǫ́) - we dual, I and one other, she aⁿ-koⁿ-we (šé ąkǫ́we) -we

► cf. she (šé) - that; ’oⁿ (ʔǫ) - do, be

► ex: she moⁿ naⁿ (šé-mǫ ną́) - I did that/past sign [JOD]

► Dhegiha: she moⁿ (shé moⁿ) - I have done that; I have acted in that manner [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: she (she) - that; refers to an object to the right of or near the speaker [Omaha/Ponca]; she (she) - that one; there [FL-Osage]; she (še) - that (near you) [CQ-Osage]; she (she) - that (visible) [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ’oⁿ (’oⁿ) - do, be [Omaha/Ponca]; oⁿ (ǫ́) - do, engage in an activity [CQ-Osage]; ’oⁿ (’oⁿ), oⁿ (oⁿ) - do [Kaw]

that, don’t do that

► ka-she-naⁿ na-ha (kašéną nahá) - don’t do that! [AB]

► cf. ka (ká) - that; she-naⁿ (šéną) - enough; na-ha (nahá) - prohibitive, beware lest; de-she-naⁿ (dešeną́) - this quantity, this much, this many; koi-she-naⁿ (kóišeną́) - that amount, that quantity

► Dhegiha: ka-she-naⁿ (kaašéną) - (be) ended, finished, that’s all, something (e.g., soup, coffee) is finished (i.e., ready); closing of a prayer, amen [CQ-Osage]; ga-she-hnaⁿ (gashéhnaⁿ) - that’s all; just this much; that is enough [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: she-noⁿ (shénoⁿ) - a sufficient number of times [Omaha/Ponca]; she-na (shéna) - enough; sufficient; no longer [Omaha/Ponca]; she-noⁿ (shenoⁿ) - enough [Omaha]; she-noⁿ (she-noⁿ) - sufficient [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: naⁿ-ha (naⁿha), noⁿ-ha (noⁿha) - imperative [Kaw]; na-ha-o (nahao) - imperative, masculine singular [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: thiⁿ-he (thiⁿhé) - imperative sign, expressing a strong command: be sure to do it! [Omaha/Ponca]; thiⁿ-hau (thiⁿ-haú) - be sure, used at the end of a sentence [FL-Osage]; thiⁿ (ðį), thi (ði), niⁿ (nį), ni (ni) - imperative marker, sentence final marker for command to sg. addressee [CQ-Osage]; hniⁿ-he (hníⁿhe) - strong imperative or prohibition marker [Kaw]

that, to dream that

► i-hoⁿ-bde (íhǫbde) - to dream that, to dream about it ► i-da-hoⁿ-bde (idáhǫbdé) - I, i-da-hoⁿ-bde (ídahǫbdé) - you

► cf. hoⁿ-bde (hǫ́bde) - dream

► ex: i-da-hoⁿ-bde (idáhǫbde) - I dreamed that I dreamed about (it) [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ-a-bde a-tʰaⁿ-he shi-ke-xti i-da-hoⁿ-bde (hǫ́abde atʰąhé šíke-xti idáhǫbde) - I’ve been dreaming, I dreamed a very bad dream [JOD]

► ex: za-ni-xti t’e-a-wa-da-we i-da-hoⁿ-bde (zaní-xti tʔeáwadawé idáhǫbde) - I dreamed that they killed us all, every single one of us [JOD]

► ex: wi-e-hoⁿ t’e-aⁿ-da-we i-da-hoⁿ-bde,” i-ye tʰaⁿ, i-ya (wíehǫ tʔeą́dawé idáhǫbde,” iyé tʰą, iyá) - I dreamed that they killed me too,” he said, it is said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: i-hoⁿ-bthe (íhoⁿbthe) - to dream in the ordinary way; to dream about any special object [Omaha/Ponca]; i-hoⁿ-bthe (í-hoⁿ-bthe) - to dream a certain thing [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: hoⁿ-bthe (hóⁿbthe) - to dream our ordinary dream [Omaha/Ponca]; hoⁿ-bthe (hoⁿbthe) - dreaming; dream [Omaha]; hoⁿ-bthe (hóⁿ-bthe) - to dream [FL-Osage]; hoⁿ-bre (hǫ́bre) - dream, have a dream; dream, dreaming [CQ-Osage]; haⁿ-ble (haⁿblé) - dream [Kaw]

that, from that same time on

► e-ki-taⁿ-tʰoⁿ (ekkíttątʰǫ́) - from that same time on

that, from that time

► e-toⁿ-ti-tʰaⁿ (éttǫttítʰą) - therefore, from that time [JOD]

► e-toⁿ-ti-tʰaⁿ (éttǫttítʰą) - therefore, from then on

► cf. e-toⁿ (ettǫ́) - therefore; e-ti-tʰaⁿ (ettítʰą) - from then on

► ex: e-toⁿ-ti-tʰaⁿ (éttǫttítʰą) - therefore, from that time [JOD]

► ex: e-toⁿ-ti-tʰaⁿ, sni-wa-te hi-zhi naⁿ, i-ya (éttǫttítʰą, sniwátte hí-ži ną, iyá) - Therefore, from that time on, it has not been very cold, it is said (before that it was much colder than it is now, now we have the female Winter) [JOD]

► Dhegiha: a-doⁿ-e-di-tʰoⁿ (ádoⁿedítʰoⁿ) - therefore, consequently [Omaha/Ponca]

► Dhegiha: e-doⁿ (e-dóⁿ) - therefore [FL-Osage]; e-taⁿ (étą) - therefore [CQ-Osage]; e-daⁿ (édaⁿ) - so, therefore [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: e-dsi-toⁿ (e-dsí-toⁿ) - thence; from that place [FL-Osage]; e-ji-khaⁿ (ejíkhaⁿ) - there, from, thither, from that place [Kaw]

that, half of that

► miⁿ-de (mįdé) - half (of that measure)

► ex: miⁿ-de-na-ska (mįdénaska) - half that size

► ex: miⁿ-de-naⁿ (mįdéną) - half that many, quantity

► ex: miⁿ-de-tʰaⁿ-ha (mįdétʰąha) - half that depth

► ex: miⁿ-de-tʰaⁿ-ka (mįdétʰąká) - half that height

► ex: miⁿ-de-tʰoⁿ (mįdétʰǫ), miⁿ-de-toⁿ (mįdéttǫ) - half that length

► miⁿ-de-na-ska (mįdénaska) - half that size

► cf. miⁿ-de (mįdé) - half (of that measure); de-na-ska (denaská) - size, of this size; e-naⁿ-ska (enąska) - of a certain size; ha-na-ska (hánaská) - how big/small, what size; ka-na-ska (kanaská) - size, of that size; kaⁿ-ze a-na-ska (kką́ze ánaska) - of equal or like size; koi-na-ska (kóinaská) - size of that distant object; she-na-ska (šenaská) - size, big enough, of that size; i-kaⁿ-ska (íkąska) - measure; i-kaⁿ-ska-de (íkąskáde) - measure, distance, money, etc.

► Dhegiha: wiⁿ-de-na-ska (wiⁿdénaska) - half size, half that size, half as big [Omaha/Ponca]; wiⁿ-de-thoⁿ-ska (wiⁿdéthoⁿska) - half, half the size, half as big [Omaha/Ponca]; a-thoⁿ-ska (athoⁿçka) - size [Omaha]; goⁿ-ze thoⁿ-ska (goⁿ-çé ’thoⁿ-çka) - same in size, as large as [FL-Osage]; ha-thoⁿ-ska (há-thoⁿ-çka) - size, as measurement [FL-Osage]; the-thoⁿ-ska (thé thoⁿ-çka) - this size [FL-Osage]

► miⁿ-de-naⁿ (mįdéną) - half that many, quantity

► cf. miⁿ-de (mįdé) - half (of that measure); de-she-naⁿ (dešeną́) - quantity, this much, many; kaⁿ-ze a-na (kką́ze ána) - equal in quantity, number; koi-she-naⁿ (kóišeną́) - that amount, that quantity

► Dhegiha: wiⁿ-de-na (wiⁿdéna) - half the number or quantity: refers to what is collective, as corn, wheat, language, etc. [Omaha/Ponca]

► miⁿ-de-tʰoⁿ (mįdétʰǫ), miⁿ-de-toⁿ (mįdéttǫ) - half that length

► cf. miⁿ-de (mįdé) - half (of that measure); de-tʰoⁿ (detʰǫ́), de-tʰaⁿ (detʰą́) - long, this (much); ka-tʰaⁿ (katʰą́) - that long, of that length; kaⁿ-ze a-tʰaⁿ (kką́ze átʰą) - of equal length; she-tʰaⁿ (šetʰą) - long enough, a certain length

► Dhegiha: wiⁿ-de-tʰoⁿ (wiⁿdétʰoⁿ) - half, half full, as a glass, pail, or barrel; half the length [Omaha/Ponca]; wiⁿ-de-toⁿ (wiⁿdetoⁿ) - half [Omaha]; mi i-doⁿ-be wiⁿ-de-toⁿ (mi idoⁿbe wiⁿdetoⁿ) - half hour [Omaha]; hoⁿ wiⁿ-de-toⁿ (hoⁿwiⁿde toⁿ) - midnight [Omaha]

► miⁿ-de-tʰaⁿ-ha (mįdétʰąha) - half that depth

► cf. miⁿ-de (mįdé-) - half (of that measure); a-tʰaⁿ-ha (atʰą́ha) - how deep; de-tʰaⁿ-ha (detʰą́ha) - deep, this much; kaⁿ-ze a-tʰaⁿ-ha (kką́ze átʰąha) - equal or like depth; she-tʰaⁿ-ha (šetʰą́ha) - deep enough, a certain depth

► Dhegiha: e-tʰoⁿ-ha (étʰoⁿha) - that deep or high [Omaha/Ponca]; she-tʰoⁿ-ha (shetʰóⁿha) - that deep, tall, or high [Omaha/Ponca]; the-tʰoⁿ-ha (thetʰóⁿha) - this depth or height [Omaha/Ponca]

► miⁿ-de-tʰaⁿ-ka (mįdétʰąká) - half that height

► cf. miⁿ-de (mįdé-) - half (of that measure); a-tʰaⁿ-ka (atʰąkká) - how tall, how high; de-tʰaⁿ-ka (detʰąkká), de-taⁿ-ka (dettąká) - tall, this (much); kaⁿ-ze a-tʰaⁿ-ka (kką́ze atʰąkká) - of equal height; she-tʰaⁿ-ka (šetʰąkká), she-taⁿ-ka (šettąká) - tall enough, a certain height

that, he was that

► e-tʰaⁿ (etʰą́) - he was that [JOD]

► cf. e-tʰaⁿ-zhi (etʰą́ži) - it is not he [JOD]

► ex: de haⁿ-ka e-zhiⁿ-ke e-tʰaⁿ-zhi hi e-de, e-zhi hi e-koⁿ, ma-shtiⁿ-ke kaⁿ hi (de hą́ka ežį́ke etʰą́ži hí edé, éži hí ekǫ́, maštį́ke ką hí) - surely this is not Haⁿ-ka’s son, he’s different, sure enough looks like a rabbit [JOD]

► Dhegiha: e-tʰoⁿ (étʰoⁿ) - to be suitable for, becoming, befitting [Omaha/Ponca]; e-tʰoⁿ-zhi (étʰoⁿzhi) - to be unsuitable or improper for; to be not his place (to do such a thing); to be unbecoming [Omaha/Ponca]

that, in that case

► ko-i-shoⁿ (kóišǫ́) - so, or in that case [JOD]

► ko-i-shoⁿ (kóišǫ) - so or of that sort [JOD]

► cf. koi-shoⁿ (kóišǫ́) - then, despite, notwithstanding

► ex: koi-shoⁿ pa naⁿ, i-ya-we (kóišǫ ppá ną, iyáwe) - so(were)/3^rd pl./past sign [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ pa naⁿ, i-ya-we (kóišǫ ppá ną, iyáwe) - so they did (in the past), they say [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ pa naⁿ, ti-aⁿ-ti we-da-niⁿ pa naⁿ (kóišǫ ppá ną, ttią́tti wédanį ppá ną) - that is how they did/were, in the olden times, that’s how they dressed [JOD]

that, in that way

► ko-i-shoⁿ-taⁿ (kóišǫ́ttą), (kóišǫ́tta), (kóišǫttą) - so, thus, accordingly, in that way, then, therefore

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ, a-shi-ti hi, i-ya, wa-sa niⁿ (kóišǫ́ttą, ášitti hí, iyá, wasá nį) - thus, the black bear went outside, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ a-shi toⁿ-we-ki-ki shoⁿ-niⁿ wa-shkaⁿ kde shoⁿ-niⁿ hi-pʰe i-ya-we (kóišǫ́ttą áši tǫ́wekikí šǫnį́ wašką́ kdé šǫnį́ hipʰé iyáwe) - then she looked back at him repeatedly as she tried with all her might to get home, she fell, they say [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ zho bdo-ka hi we-s’a o-do-hi i-ya-we, we-s’a-xti kde-zhe pe-xe ttaⁿ e-koⁿ o-do-hi i-ya-we (kóišǫ́ttą žo bdóka hi wésʔa odóhi iyáwe, wésʔaxti kdežé ppéγe ttą ekǫ́ odóhi iyáwe) - then her entire flesh/body turned into a snake, they say, turned into a rattlesnake (spotted real snake) with a rattle, like that, they say [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ maⁿ-te aⁿ-ko-ka-shke kʰe a-shka hi a-kdi (kóišǫ́ttą mątté ąkókašké kʰe áška hí akdí) - then I had come back, very close to where we tied the canoe [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ e-zhaⁿ-ke e-zhi pa, “wa-hiⁿ-ska ho-taⁿ hi aⁿ-ki-niⁿ kdi ni-he,” i-ye pa (kóišǫ́ttą ežą́ke éži pá, “wahį́ska hóttą hi ą́kinį kdí-nihé,” iyé pa) - then his step-daughters said, “bring back some really good calico cloth” [JOD]

that, is that so

► hoⁿ-e (hǫ́e) - is that so? [OM]

► cf. haⁿ (hą), hoⁿ (hǫ) - what, how, in what manner; e (e) - question sign

► ex: hoⁿ-e (hǫ́e), haⁿ-e (hą́e) - what happened? what’s the matter? [JOD]

► ex: “hoⁿ-e ni-ka di-ta,” i-ke-a-we, “aⁿ-t’e,” i-yi (hǫ́e níkka dítta, ikeáwe, ątʔé, iyí) - “what is the matter/what happened with your man/husband,” they said to her, “dead to me (he died on me),” she said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: hoⁿ a-doⁿ (hoⁿ á-doⁿ) - why; what [FL-Osage]; hoⁿ (hǫ́ǫ), ha-oⁿ (háaǫ) - do how, do however, do in whatever way; do what; do what with, do what about; do what ever with, do whatever [CQ-Osage]; hoⁿ-tsʰe (hǫ́ǫcʰe) - how; however [CQ-Osage]

that, it will be like that

► e-kaⁿ te (eką́ tte), e-koⁿ te (ekǫ́ tte) - so shall it be, it will be like that [JOD]

► cf. e-kaⁿ (eką́), e-koⁿ (ekǫ́) - like, thus, like that, so; te (tte) - future, potential or optative marker, shall

► ex: e-kaⁿ te (eką́ tte) - so/will be [JOD]

► ex: “hau, e-kaⁿ te,” i-yi (“hau, eką́ tte,” iyí) - “yes, it will be like that,” he said; “yes, so shall it be,” he said [JOD]

► ex: “hau, e-kaⁿ te,” i-yi i-ya-we (“hau, eką́ tte,” iyí iyáwe) - he said, “yes, it will be like that,” they say; he said, “yes, so shall it be,” they say [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ e-ti knoⁿ-ke te i-ka-zo-zo ka-xe a-taⁿ a-ki-niⁿ hi taⁿ toⁿ-we taⁿ naⁿ-zha, “e-koⁿ te,” i-ke (kóišǫ́ttą étti knǫké tte íkazózo káγe attą́ akínį hí tą tǫ́we tą ną́ža, “ekǫ́ tte,” iké) - then he wrote the letter (asking) to marry and took it to her, when she looked at it she said, “so shall it be (it will be so)” [JOD]

► Dhegiha: e-gaⁿ tʰe (égaⁿ te) - it shall be so [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: e-gaⁿ (e-gáⁿ) - as; so; that being the case [JOD-Omaha]; e-gaⁿ (é-gaⁿ) - so; to be so; to do as another has said or done; to be as another has said; used as the equivilant of the English adverbial ending, -ly (like); as, so; for the same purpose; used in forming a strong imperative; used in formimg a strong optative [JOD-Omaha]; e-goⁿ (egoⁿ) - as, like, kind, type, certainly, action [Omaha]; e-goⁿ (e-goⁿ) - like [FL-Osage]; e-koⁿ (ékǫ) - like, similar to, like that, likewise, similarly, somewhat, kind of, rather, slightly, a bit, right, correctly, correct, appropriate, appropriately, that is right, true!, correct!, that’s the way!, thus, therefore, mean, signify, happen, be so, be as [CQ-Osage]; e-go (égo) - like, as, so; to be that kind, be such [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: te (te) - future sign, will, let, please [JOD-Omaha]; ʰtse (ṭse) - shall or will go [FL-Osage]; ʰtse (ʰce) - may it be that, let, allow, have, tell, let’s; tse (ce) - future or potential aspect: shall or will; please [Kaw]

that, just like that

► e-kaⁿ-xti (ékąxtí), e-koⁿ-xti (ekǫ́xti) - really, just so

► cf. e-kaⁿ (eką́), e-koⁿ (ekǫ́) - like, thus, like that, so; xti (-xti) - very, real, fully

► ex: e-shoⁿ e-koⁿ-xti tʰi-kde naⁿ, iya (ešǫ́ ekǫ́xtí tʰikdé ną, iyá) - then suddenly it became just like that (as rabbit had hoped), it is said [JOD]

► ex: e-koⁿ-xti do-ti te (ekǫ́xti dótti tté) - just so/it came up [JOD]

► Dhegiha: e-gaⁿ-xti (é-gaⁿ-qti) - just so; exactly so; to be just so [JOD-Omaha]; e-goⁿ-xti (egoⁿxti) - truly, truth, truthful [Omaha]; e-goⁿ-xtsi (e-góⁿ-xtsi) - exaxt, precise, downright, real, in reality [FL-Osage]; e-koⁿ-xtsi (ekǫ́xci) - correct, correctly [CQ-Osage]

that, like that

► e-koⁿ (ekǫ́), (ékǫ), e-kaⁿ (eką́), (eką), a-kaⁿ (áką) - so, like, as, thus, like that

► ex: e-kaⁿ pa-xe te (eką́ ppáγe tté) - so or like that/very/I make it/will [JOD]

► ex: e-kaⁿ pa-xe te (eką́ ppáγe tté) - I will make it like that [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ zho bdo-ka hi we-s’a o-do-hi i-ya-we, we-s’a-xti kde-zhe pe-xe ttaⁿ e-koⁿ o-do-hi i-ya-we (kóišǫ́ttą žo bdóka hi wésʔa odóhi iyáwe, wésʔaxti kdežé ppéγe ttą ekǫ́ odóhi iyáwe) - then her entire flesh/body turned into a snake, they say, turned into a rattlesnake (spotted real snake) with a rattle, like that, they say [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ e-kaⁿ (kóišǫ́ttą éką) - then/so [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ e-kaⁿ niⁿ haⁿ-pa haⁿ-ke taⁿ a-te-zhe ti-aⁿ a-ta-ha (kóišǫ́ttą éką nį hąp͓á hąke tą́ atéže tią́ attahá) - so then it was almost day when I had a strong urge to urinate [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ! e-koⁿ zhamiⁿ (hǫ! ekǫ́ žąmį́) - yes/so/I thought that [JOD]

► ex: “hoⁿ! e-koⁿ zhamiⁿ,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“hǫ! ekǫ́ žąmį́,” iyí iyá maštį́ke) - “yes, I thought it was so!” said the Rabbit [JOD]

► ex: e-koⁿ (ékǫ nį) - so/the moving one or it was [JOD]

► ex: e-koⁿ niⁿ zho-wa hi a-te-zhe zh-ka da-a-de kaⁿ miⁿ-kʰe (ékǫ nį žowá hi atéže žíka déadé ką́ mįkʰé) - so, I urinated a little bit, I sent a little off as I was sitting there [JOD]

► ex: e-shoⁿ e-koⁿ naⁿ, iya (ešǫ́ ekǫ́ ną, iyá) - and it was so, it is said [JOD]

► ex: e-koⁿ ka-xe a-wi-ka-zhi (ekǫ́ káγe áwikaži) - I commanded you to do so

► ex: e-koⁿ do-ti te-ka-ha ka-xe (ekǫ́ dótti ttekaha káγe) - so/to come up or forth/he made it [JOD]

► ex: e-kaⁿ (eką́) - did so (3rd. person) [JOD]

► ex: shi e-koⁿ (ši ekǫ́) - you reached there/as [JOD]

► ex: e-shoⁿ shi e-koⁿ, t’e-di-da-we,” i-ye niⁿ, i-ya (ešǫ́ ši ekǫ́, tʔédidawĕ,” iyé nį, iyá) - then you went and thus, they killed you,” she was saying, it is said [JOD]

► ex: o-do-wa-ki e-kaⁿ (odówaki eką́) - he sided with them/as [JOD]

► ex: e-toⁿ ma-shtiⁿ-ke, ni-ka-shi-ka o-do-wa-ki e-kaⁿ, za-ni-xti t’e-wa-de koⁿ-da naⁿ, i-ya (ettǫ́ maštį́ke, níkkašíka odówaki eką́, zaní-xti tʔéwade kǫ́da ną, iyá) - therefore rabbit, who sided with the Indians, wanted to kill all of the black bears, it is said [JOD]

► ex: si-kde di-ta e-koⁿ wi-ta zhi (sikdé dítta ekǫ́ wítta ži) - it looks just like your tracks, not mine [MS]

► ex: shi-zhi-ka e-koⁿ (šižíka ekǫ́) - child/like [JOD]

► ex: “ee!” i-yi i-ya wa-pa-iⁿ niⁿ-kʰe, shi-zhi-ka e-koⁿ (“ee!” iyí iyá wappaį́ nįkʰé, šižíka ekǫ́) - the blood said, “Yes,” just like a child [JOD]

► ex: e-zhi hi e-koⁿ (éži hí ekǫ́) - another or different one/very/like [JOD]

► ex: de haⁿ-ka e-zhiⁿ-ke e-tʰaⁿ-zhi hi e-de, e-zhi hi e-koⁿ, ma-shtiⁿ-ke kaⁿ hi (de hą́ka ežį́ke etʰą́ži hí edé, éži hí ekǫ́, maštį́ke ką hí) - surely this is not Haⁿ-ka’s son, he’s different, sure enough looks like a rabbit [JOD]

► ex: e-koⁿ wa-zhaⁿ-aⁿ-ni-ke-xti pʰi a-ni-he (ekǫ́ wažą́ąníkextí pʰí anihé) - as/I in a very bad humor/I have been coming [JOD]

► ex: i-kaⁿ aⁿ-xdi hi tʰe, e-koⁿ wa-zhaⁿ-aⁿ-ni-ke-xti pʰi a-ni-he (ikką́ ą́xdi hi tʰe, ekǫ́ wažą́ąníkextí pʰí anihé) - my grandmother almost beat the life out of me, so I have been coming in a very bad mood [JOD]

► Dhegiha: e-gaⁿ (e-gáⁿ) - as; so; that being the case [JOD-Omaha]; e-gaⁿ (é-gaⁿ) - so; to be so; to do as another has said or done; to be as another has said; used as the equivilant of the English adverbial ending, -ly (like); as, so; for the same purpose; used in forming a strong imperative; used in formimg a strong optative [JOD-Omaha]; e-goⁿ (egoⁿ) - as, like, kind, type, certainly, action [Omaha]; e-goⁿ (e-goⁿ) - like; resembling; verily; very [FL-Osage]; e-koⁿ (ékǫ) - like, similar to, like that, likewise, similarly, somewhat, kind of, rather, slightly, a bit, right, correctly, correct, appropriate, appropriately, that is right, true!, correct!, that’s the way!, thus, therefore, mean, signify, happen, be so, be as [CQ-Osage]; e-go (égo) - like, as, so; to be that kind, be such [Kaw]

that, of that sort

► ko-i-shoⁿ (kóišǫ) - so or of that sort [JOD]

► ko-i-shoⁿ (kóišǫ́) - so, or in that case [JOD]

► cf. koi-shoⁿ (kóišǫ́) - then, despite, notwithstanding

► ex: koi-shoⁿ pa naⁿ, i-ya-we (kóišǫ ppá ną, iyáwe) - so(were)/3^rd pl./past sign [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ pa naⁿ, i-ya-we (kóišǫ ppá ną, iyáwe) - so they did (in the past), they say [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ pa naⁿ, ti-aⁿ-ti we-da-niⁿ pa naⁿ (kóišǫ ppá ną, ttią́tti wédanį ppá ną) - that is how they did/were, in the olden times, that’s how they dressed [JOD]

that, oh that

► e-ska (éska) - oh that [JOD]

► e-ska (éska) - desiderative particle, sentence initial

► ex: “e-ska, wi-zhiⁿ-ke, shi-zhi-ka o-ki-ki-e i-ye tʰi-kda-kda-pa e-koⁿ kaⁿ,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“éska, wižį́ke, šižíka okkíkkie íye tʰíkdakdá-ppa ekǫ́ kką,” iyí iyá maštį́ke) - “oh my son I hope that you become like children who begin to talk, saying words here and there, not speaking plainly or connectedly,” it is said Rabbit said [JOD]

► ex: “e-ska, wi-zhiⁿ-ke, shi-zhi-ka o-ki-ki-a-wi taⁿ i-ye da-shnaⁿ-shnaⁿ-zhi pa e-koⁿ kaⁿ,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“éska, wižį́ke, šižíka okkíkkiawi-tą íye dašną́šnąži-ppá ékǫ kką,” iyí iyá maštį́ke) - “oh my son I hope that you become like children who speak to one another very plainly without missing a word, it is said Rabbit said [JOD]

► ex: “e-ska, wi-zhiⁿ-ke, she-to maⁿ-di-taⁿ pi-oⁿ taⁿ-niⁿ tʰi-da-da naⁿ e-koⁿ kaⁿ,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“éska, wižį́ke, šétto mądíttą ppiǫ́ ttą́nį tʰidáda ną ékǫ kką,” iyí iyá maštį́ke) - “oh my son I hope that you become like a boy that knows how to pull a bow well and begins to run now and then for short distances,” it is said Rabbit said [JOD]

► ex: “e-ska, wi-zhiⁿ-ke, she-to naⁿhaⁿ maⁿ-di-taⁿ si-si hi naⁿ-we e-koⁿ kaⁿ,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“éska, wižį́ke, šétto nąhą́ mądíttą sisí hi ną-wé ékǫ kką,” iyí iyá maštį́ke) - “oh my son I hope that you become like the grown boys who pull a bow and are very active (able to run swiftly and far),” it is said Rabbit said [JOD]

► ex: “e-ska, wi-zhiⁿ-ke, iⁿ-tʰoⁿ-na maⁿ-o-zhi k’iⁿ koⁿ pa naⁿ wi-a-de pa e-koⁿ kaⁿ, i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“éska, wižį́ke, įtʰǫ́na mą́oží kʔį́ kǫ́ ppá ną wiáde ppá ékǫ kką,” iyí iyá maštį́ke) - “oh my son I hope that you become like the young unmarried men (able to take wives) whom I have seen carrying quivers on their backs,” it is said Rabbit said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: e-ska-na (éskana) - I hope; would that; I wish a sign of the optative mode, occurring at the beginning of a clause, as “kaⁿ” stands at the end eskana _______ kaⁿ [JOD-Omaha]

that, piling up the pieces in that manner

► ko-i-shoⁿ-zhi (koišǫ́ži) - piling up the pieces in that manner [JOD]

► cf. koi-shoⁿ (kóišǫ́) - so or of that sort; so or in that case [JOD]; a-zhi (áži) - put onto; o-zhi (oží) - put into

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ e-ti ta-zho ta-bi-ze ka-xe koi-shoⁿ-zhi i-ti-kde-kaⁿ ni-kʰa (kóišǫ́ttą ettí ttažó tábize káγe koišǫ́ži ítikdéką nikʰá) - then/there/venison/dried by heat/made/piling up the pieces in that manner/like a hose/they were (pl. classifier) [JOD]

that, say that

► i-ke (iké) - say (the preceding) to someone ► i-da-a-ki-he (idáakihé) - I, i-da-da-ki-she (idádakišé) - you, i-ke-a-we (ikeáwe) - they

► i-ke (iké) - said the preceding [JOD]

► ex: i-da-a-ki-he (idáakihé) - I said it to him [JOD]

► ex: aⁿ-naⁿ-da-ki-she (ąną́dakišé) - you say it to me [JOD]

► ex: aⁿ-naⁿ-da-ki-sha (ąną́dakiša!) - you say it to me! [JOD]

► ex: i-ke niⁿ (iké nį) - he/she was saying it to her/him [JOD]

► ex: e-shoⁿ e-koⁿ i-ke taⁿ (ešǫ́ ekǫ́ iké tą) - so/he addressed him then [JOD]

► ex: e-shoⁿ e-koⁿ i-ke taⁿ (ešǫ́ ekǫ́ iké tą) - and when he (Grizzly bear) had said that to him (Rabbit) [JOD]

► ex: “wa-sa ti-kde ke ta e-ti te na-ha,” i-ke i-ya e-kaⁿ niⁿ-kʰe (“wasá ttikdé ke tta étti tté nahá,” iké iyá eką́ nįkʰe) - “do not go to the village of the black bears!” his grandmother said to him, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: “wa-x’o to-wa ti-kde ha-ki i-da-we,” i-ke (“waxʔó tówa ttíkde hakí idáwe,” iké) - “where have the four women that live together gone too?” he said to her [JOD]

► ex: “ha-ki i-da-we i-ba-haⁿ miⁿ-kʰe,” shi-naⁿ i-ke (“hakí idáwe íbahąží mįkʰé,” šíną iké) - “I don’t know where they went,” she said to him again [JOD]

► ex: “wi-ti-kaⁿ na-xnaⁿ ki-knaⁿ,” i-ke (“wittiką naxną́ kíkną́,” iké) - my grandfather hide me (your relation), she said to him [JOD]

► ex: “na-xnaⁿ da-ki-knaⁿ koⁿ-bda wi-ti-kaⁿ,” i-ke (“naxną́ dakikną kkǫbdá wittiką́,” iké) - my grandfather, I want you to hide me (your relation), she said to him [JOD]

► ex: “o-do-tʰe aⁿ-di-xe niⁿ e-de, wi-ti-kaⁿ,” i-ke (“ódotʰe ądíxe nį edé, wittiką́,” iké) - my grandfather, the man eater is chasing me, she said to him [JOD]

► ex: “wi-ti-kaⁿ, wa-x’o miⁿ de-do i-hi naⁿ i-da-de hoⁿ-zhi ae,” i-ke (“wittiką́, waxʔó mį dédo íhi ną ídade hǫži ae,” iké) - “my grandfather, did you not see a woman that arrived here?” he said to him [JOD]

► ex: aⁿ-naⁿ-ke (ąną́ke) - he said it to me [JOD]

► ex: “haⁿ-e ni-ka di-ta,” i-ke-a-we (“hą́e níkka dítta,” ikeáwe) - what is the matter/what happened with your man/husband, they said to her [JOD]

► Dhegiha: e-ge (egé) - to say something to one, against another; to say it to one, in addressing him; used as a strong assertion, either in affimation or in denial [JOD-Omaha]; e-ge (ége) - to say so, to say that [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: e-ʰki-ge (e-ḳí-ge) - to say to one another [FL-Osage]; e-gi-ge (égige), e-gi-gi-he (égigihe) - say anything to another [Kaw]

► she-e (šée) - to say that ► she-he (šéhe) - I, she-she (šéše) - you

► cf. she (šé) - that; e (e), i-ye (iyé), i-e (ié) - to say

► ex: she-he (šéhe) - I say that [JOD]

► ex: she-he a-ni-he (šéhe ánihe) - I say that/I who move (=I say that) [JOD]

► ex: she-he (šehé) - I said that [JOD]

► ex: iⁿ-kaⁿ-e! t’e-a-de kaⁿ she-he (įkką́-e! tʔeádé ką́ šehé) - my grandmother! I said that because I killed him [JOD]

► Dhegiha: she-e (shé-e) - to say that is so ... to think that it would be so [Omaha/Ponca]; she-pshe (shé-pshe) - I said so [FL-Osage]; she e-she (šée éše) - you say that [CQ-Osage]

► ko-i-she (kói išé) - you say that

► cf. ko-i (kói) - that; i-she (išé) - you say

► ex: ko-i-she (kói išé) - you say that [JOD]

► ex: e-shoⁿ, “i-kaⁿ-e! haⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ ko-i-she e,” i-yi i-ya (ešǫ́, “ikką́-e! hąnį́ttą kói išé e,” iyí iyá) - and then he said, “grandmother, why do you say that?” it is said [JOD]

► ko-i-she-sha-zhi (íye tʰe kóiše-šáži) - you did not say those [JOD]

► cf. ko-i-she (kóiše) - aforementioned words or manner; i-she (išé) - you say; zhi (ži) - negative, not, negation

► ex: i-ye tʰe ko-i-she-sha-zhi (íye tʰe kóiše-šáži) - words/the/you did not say those [JOD]

► ex: ho-ho-xo! ma-shtiⁿ-ke, i-ye tʰe ko-i-she-sha-zhi naⁿ niⁿ-tʰe (hóhoxó! maštį́ke, íye tʰe kóiše-šáži ną́ nįtʰé) - “really! Rabbit, you have never talked in this manner before now [JOD]

that, so

► ko-i-she (koišé), (kóiše) - that; so; that part [JOD]

► ko-i-she (kóiše) - aforementioned words or manner

► ex: ko-i-she (kóiše) - so [JOD]

► ex: ko-i-she aⁿ-niⁿ (kóiše ą́nį) - he has been treating me so [JOD]

► ex: “ko-i-she aⁿ-ki-oⁿ a-zhaⁿ-miⁿ, e-ta-ni wi-ta,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-zhiⁿ-ke niⁿ-kʰe (“kóiše ą́kiǫ́ ážąmį́, ettáni wítta,” iyí iyá maštį́ke ežį́ke nįkʰe) - I think that he has been treating my kinsman so,” it is said the Rabbit’s son said [JOD]

that, who did that

► ho-wa ka-xe (hówa káγe) - who did that?

► hu-wa ka-xe (húwa káγe) - who done that? [MS]

► cf. ho-wa (hówa) - who; hu-wa (húwa) - who [OM]; ka-xe (káγe) - make, do, cause

► Dhegiha: ho-wa (hówa) - which, which one [CQ-Osage]; ho-wa (hówa) - what; which one [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ho-wa thiⁿ-ke (hó-wa thiⁿ-ke) - which one (sitting) [FL-Osage]

that’s all I have to say to you

► ka-shoⁿ o-wi-ki miⁿ-kʰe (kašǫ owikki mįkʰé) - that’s all I have to say to you [MS]

► cf. ka-shoⁿ (kašǫ) - that’s all, that’s enough; o-ki-e (okkie), o-ki (okí), o-ke (okké), o-kye (okye) - speak, talk with one; wi (wi) - I to you, first person singular acting on second person; miⁿ-kʰe (mįkʰé) - 1sg continuative sitting

that’s all

► di-shtaⁿ (dištą́) - finish, complete ► bdi-shtaⁿ (bdíštą) - I, ti-shtaⁿ (ttíštą) - you

► cf. a-di-shtaⁿ (ádištą) - stop work (for the day), cease an activity; a-da-shtaⁿ (ádaštą) - stop activity with the mouth, talking, drinking, eating, etc.

► ex: bdi-shtaⁿ (bdíštą) - that’s all (I’m done, I’m finished) [MS]

► Dhegiha: thi-shtoⁿ (thishtoⁿ) - finish, complete, release, past [Omaha]; thi-shtoⁿ (thi-shtóⁿ) - to stop, to finish [FL-Osage]; thi-shtaⁿ (ðiištą́) - finish, stop, already did something, be just finished doing something, be finished, be through [CQ-Osage]; yu-shtaⁿ (yushtáⁿ) - stop, be finished, let go [Kaw]

► ni-ke (niké) - to have none, be lacking ► aⁿ-ni-ke (ąníke) - I, di-ni-ke (diníke) - you

► niⁿ-ke (niñk͓é) - none [JOD]

► ex: ni niⁿ-ke (ni nįké) - no water [JOD]

► ex: wa-niⁿ-ke-hi-we (wanį́kehiwé) - we have none at all [JOD]

► ex: ta-taⁿ da-tʰe tʰe niⁿ-ke-hi-wi (táttą datʰé tʰe nįkéhiwí) - they had nothing to eat, “something to eat, they were lacking” [JOD]

► ex: ma-ze-ni ni-ke (mazéni niké) - there ain’t no milk [MS]

► ex: ni-ke hi (niké hí) - there is none [OM]

► ex: she-to zhi-ka ma-ze-ni ni-ke niⁿ (šétto žíka mazéni niké nį) - little boy ain’t got no milk [MS]

► Dhegiha: thiⁿ-ge (thiⁿgé) - lack, to lack, to not have, there is none [Omaha/Ponca]; thiⁿ-ge (thiⁿge) - blank, obsolete, zero, vanish, nothing, none, erosion, absent, lack [Omaha]; thiⁿ-ge (thiⁿ́-ge) - to have none, nothing [FL-Osage]; thiⁿ-ke (ðįįké), iⁿ-ke (įįké) - lack a thing, be devoid of, be lacking, not have something any longer, have nothing [CQ-Osage]; thiⁿ-ke (ðįké), iⁿ-ke (įké) - be none, be gone, absent, extinct, nonexistent, lacking, pass away, vanish, not, not at all [CQ-Osage]; yiⁿ-ge (yíⁿgé) - lack, none, be none, be without [Kaw]

that’s all, that’s enough

► ka-shoⁿ (kašǫ) - that’s all, that’s enough

► cf. ka (ká) - that; shoⁿ (šǫ) - the end, enough

► ex: ka-shoⁿ o-wi-ki miⁿ-kʰe (kašǫ owikki[e] mįkʰé) - that’s all I have to say to you [MS]

► Dhegiha: ga-shoⁿ (ga-shóⁿ) - it is enough; sufficient [FL-Osage]; ka-shoⁿ (kaašǫ́) - enough (of some activity), final point, end (e.g., of one’s earthly existence) [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: ga-shoⁿ ga-xe (ga-shóⁿ ga-xe) - to stop work [FL-Osage]; ka-shoⁿ ka-xe (kaašǫ́ káaγe) - make that the end, stop! stop some activity; put and end to something; cease, stop (lit., ‘make it the final point’); reach a point of sufficiency, produce enough of something [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: shoⁿ (shoⁿ) - enough; that will do [Omaha/Ponca]; shoⁿ (shoⁿ) - quit; stop [Omaha]; shoⁿ (shoⁿ) - complete; perfect; it is done [FL-Osage]

that’s far enough, the end

► ka-i-shoⁿ naⁿ (káišǫ ną́) - so far/only, used as ending of a story [JOD]

► cf. ka (ká) - that; shoⁿ (šǫ) - the end, enough; naⁿ (ną) - only, just, soley, nothing else, nothing but, alone

► ka i-she-tʰaⁿ-kʰi (ká-išétʰąkʰí), ka e-she-tʰaⁿ-ki (ká-ešétʰąkí) - so far, the end, used as ending of a story [JOD]

► ka i-she-tʰaⁿ (ká-išetʰą́) - so far, the end, used as ending of a story [JOD]

► cf. ka (ká) - that; she-tʰaⁿ (šetʰą) - long enough, a certain length

► ex: e she-mi i-ta-de taⁿ naⁿ-haⁿ zhi-ka hi taⁿ ka-i-she-tʰaⁿ hi taⁿ e-hoⁿ niⁿ-kʰe t’e (é šémi íttadé tą nąhą́ žiká hí tą ká-išétʰą hí tą ehǫ́ nįkʰé tʔe) - when the girl that was born reached puberty her mother died [JOD]

► Dhegiha: she-tʰoⁿ (shetʰóⁿ) - that far (and no farther); that long (and no longer); the end [Omaha/Ponca]; she-tʰoⁿ (shétʰoⁿ) - that length; that short [Omaha/Ponca]

► Dhegiha: e-she-tʰoⁿ (éshetʰóⁿ) - that so far; as far as that; till then (and no longer); past time; from that time onward [Omaha/Ponca]

► Dhegiha: she-tʰoⁿ-ki hnoⁿ (shétʰoⁿki hnóⁿ) - about that length would be long enough [Omaha/Ponca]

► ka-shoⁿ (kašǫ) - that’s all, that’s enough

► cf. ka (ká) - that; shoⁿ (šǫ) - the end, enough

► ex: ka-shoⁿ o-wi-ki miⁿ-kʰe (kašǫ owikki[e] mįkʰé) - that’s all I have to say to you [MS]

► Dhegiha: ga-shoⁿ (ga-shóⁿ) - it is enough; sufficient [FL-Osage]; ka-shoⁿ (kaašǫ́) - enough (of some activity), final point, end (e.g., of one’s earthly existence) [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: ga-shoⁿ ga-xe (ga-shóⁿ ga-xe) - to stop work [FL-Osage]; ka-shoⁿ ka-xe (kaašǫ́ káaγe) - make that the end, stop! stop some activity; put and end to something; cease, stop (lit., ‘make it the final point’); reach a point of sufficiency, produce enough of something [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: shoⁿ (shoⁿ) - enough; that will do [Omaha/Ponca]; shoⁿ (shoⁿ) - quit; stop [Omaha]; shoⁿ (shoⁿ) - complete; perfect; it is done [FL-Osage]

► shoⁿ (šǫ) - the end, enough

► Dhegiha: shoⁿ (shoⁿ) - enough; that will do [Omaha/Ponca]; shoⁿ (shoⁿ) - quit; stop [Omaha]; shoⁿ (shoⁿ) - complete; perfect; it is done [FL-Osage]

► shoⁿ iⁿ (šǫ́ į) - that will do [JOD]

► cf. shoⁿ (šǫ) - the end, enough; iⁿ (į́) - period, oral stop; iⁿ (į) - declarative particle, female speech

► Dhegiha: shoⁿ-iⁿ da (shóⁿ-iⁿ da) - enough; satisfying [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: shoⁿ (shoⁿ) - enough; that will do [Omaha/Ponca]; shoⁿ (shoⁿ) - quit; stop [Omaha]; shoⁿ (shoⁿ) - complete; perfect; it is done [FL-Osage]

that, on that side of

► ko-ta te-ta i-di-shaⁿ (kóta ttétta ídišą) - on that side of

► cf. ko-ta (kóta) - over there, on that side of, on the other side, beyond, yonder, farther off, farther over there, ahead; tʰe-ta (tʰétta) - to the, at the [JOD]; i-di-shaⁿ (idišą́) - to go around an object [JOD]; e-ta te-ta i-di-shaⁿ (étta ttétta ídišą) - around in that direction; to-ta te-ta i-di-shaⁿ (tóta ttétta ídišą) - on this side of; o-di-shaⁿ (odíšą) - go around in a circle

► Dhegiha: gu-da-thi-shaⁿ (gú-da-¢i-caⁿ), gu-a-thi-shaⁿ (gú-a-¢i-caⁿ) - beyond, on that side of [JOD-Omaha]; go-da thi-shoⁿ (gó-da thi-shoⁿ) - on the other side [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: gu-da-tʰe-ta (gú-da-tĕ́-t͓a), gu-a-tʰe-ta (gú-a-tĕ́-t͓a) - to the std. in. ob. or col. of in. objects beyond (another place) [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: gu-da-tʰe (gú-da-tĕ), gu-a-tʰe (gú-a-tĕ) - the std. in. ob. or col. of in. objects beyond (another place) [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: gu-da (gúda), gu-a (gúa) - on that side of, beyond (a person or place), yonder, farther off [JOD-Omaha]; go-da (gó-da) - ahead [FL-Osage]; ko-ta (kootá) - farther over there, beyond, on the other side of something [CQ-Osage]; ko-ta (kóota) - that yonder, that (person or thing) over there (beyond speaker or hearer); the farther one in space or time [CQ-Osage]; go-da (góda) - yonder [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: tʰe-ta (tĕ́-t͓a) - at or to the std. in. ob., etc. [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: i-thi-shoⁿ-ha (í-thi-shoⁿ-ha) - to detour, to go around [FL-Osage]; i-thi-shaⁿ-ha (íðišąha) - detour around, go around, avoid [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: u-thi-shoⁿ (uthíshoⁿ) - around, around someone or something, moving circularly like the hands of a clock, go around, circle, to go around in a circle, to go around something [Omaha/Ponca]; u-thi-shoⁿ (uthíshoⁿ) - circle, encircle, surround, cycle, round [Omaha]; u-thi-shoⁿ (u-thí-shoⁿ) - marching around in a circle [FL-Osage]

thaw with the hands

► di-xpaⁿ (dixpą́) - thaw with the hands ► bdi-xpaⁿ (bdíxpą) - I, ti-xpaⁿ (ttíxpą) - you

► Dhegiha: thi-xpaⁿ (¢i-qpáⁿ) - to make pliable by grasping in the hands; to restore warmth to a cold limb by manipulation [Omaha/Ponca]; thi-xpoⁿ (thi-xpóⁿ) - to thaw out with the hand [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: xpoⁿ (xpoⁿ) - thaw, to thaw out [FL-Osage]; xpaⁿ (xpáⁿ) - thaw, thawed out, applied only to solids that have been frozen, as a hide [Kaw]

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