English to Quapaw Dictionary

A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H-I-J-K-L-M-N-O-P-Q-R-S-T-U-V-W-X-Y-Z
Quapaw Sources Dhegiha Sources

 

T

 

Tallchief

ka-hi-ke ste-te (kahíke stétte) - Tallchief, nickname for Louis Angel, a.k.a. wa-zhiⁿ haⁿ-ka (wažį́hą́ka); a tall man, a Kwapa chief; Chief of o-zo ʰti-o-we (ozó ttiowé) [JOD]

cf. ka-hi-ke (kahíke), ga-hi-ge (gahíge) - chief; ste-te (stétte) - tall, long

Dhegiha: ga-hi-ge sne-de (gahíge snede) - Tall Chief, male name [Omaha]

 

talon, claw, hoof

sha-ke (šáke) - claw, talon, hoof

sha-ke (sháke) - nails, claws [ASG]

ex: wa-zhiⁿ-ka xo-we sha-ke (wažį́ka xówe šáke) - eagle claw [MS]

ex: wa-zhiⁿ-ka sha-ke (wažį́ka šáke) - bird’s claw

ex: wa-zhiⁿ-ka sha-ke to-te wa-naⁿ-’iⁿ (wažį́ka šáke tótte waną́ʔį) - birds’ claw necklace

ex: naⁿ-pe sha-ke (nąpé šáke) - fingernails [MS]

ex: si-pa sha-ke (sippá šáke) - toenails [MS]

Dhegiha: sha-ge (shage) - hoof, talon, claws, fingernails [Omaha]; sha-ge (shá-ge) - hands, paws, claws, talons [FL-Osage]; sha-ke (šáake) - hand, claw, handprint, footprint, tracks, hands of the body that are touched by the attendees when passing by it at a funeral, finger [CQ-Osage]; sha-ge (sháge) - claws, finger [Kaw]

 

tame

wa-ta-kde (watákde) - domesticated animal or bird

ex: ta wa-ta-kde (tta wáttakde) - sheep, lit. “domestic deer”

ex: di-ta wa-ta-kde (dittá wattákde) - pigeon

Dhegiha: wa-na-gthe (wanágthe) - a domesticated animal; any animal which can be tamed; a pet animal, including birds, reptiles and fishes [Omaha/Ponca]; wa-na-gthe (wanagthe) - pet; livestock [Omaha]; wa-da-gthe (wa-dá-gthe) - domesticated; a domesticated animal [FL-Osage]

Dhegiha: na-gthe (nágthe) - a captive, prisoner [Omaha/Ponca]; na-gthe (ná-gthe) - captive; captivity [Omaha]; da-gthe (dá-gthe) - slave; a captive [FL-Osage]

 

wa-kda (wakdá) - tame aⁿ-wa-kda (ąwákda) - I, di-wa-kda (diwákda) - you

 

tame an animal

wa-kda ka-xe (wakdá káγe) - tame an animal

cf. wa-kda (wakdá) - tame; ka-xe (káγe) - make, do, cause

 

tan a hide

wa-ka-xe (wakáγe) - tan a hide wa-pa-xe (wappáγe) - I, wa-shka-xe (waškáγe) - you, oⁿ-wa-ka-xa-we (ǫwákaγawe) - we

cf. ta ha wa-ka-xe (ttahá wakáγe) - to tan deerskin; ka-xe (káγe) - make, do, cause

 

tan deerskin

ta ha wa-ka-xe (ttahá wakáγe) - to tan deerskin

cf. ta-ha (ttahá) - deerskin; wa-ka-xe (wakáγe) - tan a hide

 

tanager, cardinal, redbird

wa-zhiⁿ zhi-te (wažį́ žítte) - cardinal, also tanager

wa-zhiⁿ-ka zhi-te (wažį́ka žítte) - redbird [MS]

wa-zhiⁿ zhi-te (wažį́ žítte) - redbird [MS]

cf. wa-zhiⁿ-ka (wažį́ka), wa-zhiⁿ (wažį́) - bird; zhi-te (žítte) - red

Dhegiha: wa-zhiⁿ-ga zhi-de (wa-jiñ́-ga jí-de) - a red bird; the domestic fowl; chickens [JOD-Omaha]; wa-zhiⁿ-ga zhu-dse (wa-zhíⁿ-ga zhu-dse) - a red bird [FL-Osage]; wa-zhiⁿ zhi-e (wa-zhíⁿ-zhi-e) - red-(bird)-eagle, personal name [FL-Osage]; wa-zhiⁿ zhu-e (wa-zhíⁿ-zhu-e) - the scarlet tanager [FL-Osage]; wa-zhiⁿ zhu-e (wažį́žue) - cardinal, lit., ‘red bird’ [CQ-Osage]; wa-zhiⁿ zhu-je (wazhíⁿzhuje) - cardinal [Kaw]; wa-zhu zhu-je (wazhúzhuje) - redbird, cardinal [Kaw]

 

tap or touch to gain attention

o-tʰiⁿ-kde (otʰį́kde) - touch, tap to gain attention o-a-tʰiⁿ-a-kde (oátʰįákde) - I, o-da-tʰiⁿ-da-kde (odátʰįdákde) - you

cf. o-tʰiⁿ (otʰį́) - strike, slap, hit; o-tʰiⁿ-tʰiⁿ (otʰį́tʰį) - pat; o-ki-tʰiⁿ (okítʰį) - strike on behalf of someone else; o-ki-tʰiⁿ (okítʰį) - strike one’s own; i-tʰiⁿ (itʰį́) - hit, strike with something; naⁿ-pe bda-ska i-tʰiⁿ (nąpé bdaská itʰį́) - slap; i-ki-tʰiⁿ (íkitʰį) - hit one’s own; iⁿ-tʰiⁿ (į́tʰį) - stick, club [JOD]

Dhegiha: u-tiⁿ (utiⁿ́) -beat, hit, spank, strike, club, a blow [Omaha]; u-tsiⁿ (ú-tsiⁿ) - to maul, to beat, to pound, to strike, to give a drubbing, to thrash [FL-Osage]; o-tsʰiⁿ (ocʰí) - whip strongly, beat up, spank or get someone, drup, thrash [CQ-Osage]; o-tsʰiⁿ (ócʰį) - hit or beat things, such as a drum [CQ-Osage]; o-chiⁿ (ochíⁿ) - hit [Kaw]

 

target, miss a target shooting

po-shnoⁿ-da (póšnǫda) - miss a target shooting po-a-shnoⁿ-da (póašnǫ́da) - I, po-da-shnoⁿ-da (pódašnǫ́da) - you

cf. po (pó) - by shooting, blowing, punching; ba-shnoⁿ-da (bašnǫ́da) - push at and fail or miss; bi-shnoⁿ-da (bišnǫ́da) - fail, miss applying pressure; da-shnoⁿ-da (dašnǫ́da) - slip in eating, talking, etc.; di-shnoⁿ-da (dišnǫ́da) - let slip, fumble something; ka-shnoⁿ-da (kašnǫ́da) - miss the mark striking at something; naⁿ-shnoⁿ-da (nąšnǫ́da) - lose one’s footing, slip; pa-shnoⁿ-da (pášnǫda) - fail to cut something with a knife

Dhegiha: zhnoⁿ (zhnoⁿ) - verb root, to miss, let fall, zhnoⁿ-tha (c͓naⁿ¢a), ba-zhnoⁿ (bac͓naⁿ), bu-zhnoⁿ (buc͓naⁿ), tha-zhnoⁿ (¢ac͓naⁿ), thi-zhnoⁿ (¢ic͓naⁿ), ga-zhnoⁿ (gac͓naⁿ), ma zhnoⁿ (mac͓naⁿ), mu-zhnoⁿ (muc͓naⁿ) [Omaha/Ponca]

 

task or duty of fetching water

ni-a-ki-na-zhiⁿ (niákinážį) - have duty of fetching water a-ni-a-ki-a-na-zhiⁿ (ániákianážį) - I, da-ni-a-ki-da-na-zhiⁿ (dániákidanažį) - you

cf. na-zhiⁿ (nažį́) - stand; a-na-zhiⁿ (ánažį) - stand upon; floor; a-ki-na-zhiⁿ (ákinážį) - stand on one’s own; ki-na-zhiⁿ (kínažį) - stand with reference to another; i-na-zhiⁿ (ínažį) - stand by, support or aid someone

ex: da-ni-a-ki-da-na-zhiⁿ (dániákidanážį) - you stand to fetch water for him [JOD]

ex: e-shoⁿ, “di-a-te da-ni-a-ki-da-na-zhiⁿ tʰe e-ti da,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-zhiⁿ-ke tʰaⁿ (šǫ́, “diátte dániákidanážį tʰe étti dá,” iyí iyá maštį́ke ežį́ke tʰą) - then, “it shall be your duty to go and fetch water for your father,” it is said the Rabbit’s son said [JOD]

Dhegiha: e-gi na-zhiⁿ (égi nazhíⁿ) - to continue to fetch something, for the benefit or injury of another, but not by his request [Omaha/Ponca]; a-gi-noⁿ-zhiⁿ (á-gi-noⁿ-zhiⁿ) - to succor; to give help or aid when one is in distress [FL-Osage]

 

task, work at any task

o-we da-da (ówe dáda) - work (at any task) o-we-bda-bda (ówebdábda) - I, o-we-ta-ta (owéttattá) - you, oⁿ-ko-we-oⁿ-da-da-we (ǫkoweǫdadawe) - we

cf. o-ki-we-da-da (okíwedáda) - work for someone

ex: we-bda-bda wi-e (webdabda wíe) - I am working [ASG]

 

taste, belch with a sour taste

pi-xe (ppíxe) - belch with a sour taste a-pi-xe (appíxe) - I, da-pi-xe (dappíxe) - you, oⁿ-pi-xa-we (ǫppíxawe) - we

 

taste, hiccough with no bad aftertaste

sto-ke (stókke) - hiccough with no bad aftertaste a-sto-ke (astókke) - I, da-sto-ke (dastókke) - you, oⁿ-sto-ka-we (ǫstókkawe) - we

cf. pi-xe (ppíxe) - belch with a sour taste

 

taste, lick

da-shta (daštá) - lick, taste bda-shta (bdášta) - I, ta-shta (ttášta) - you

Dhegiha: tha-shta-be  (tha-çtá-be) - to taste; to lick, as sugar off a cookie; to lick, as with the tongue; tasted [FL-Osage]; tha-shta-pe (ðaaštápe) - lick [CQ-Osage]; ya-shta-be (yashtábe) - taste something, lick something [Kaw]

 

tattoo marks

si-di i-bi-xtaⁿ (sidí íbixtą) - tattoo marks, rubbed in with gunpowder

cf. si-di (sidí) - gunpowder; bi-xtaⁿ (bixtą́) - rub onto

 

taunt while passing a foe

a-pa-kdaⁿ-da-hi de (ápakdądáhi dé), a-pa-knaⁿ-da-hi de (apaknądáhi dé) - taunt while passing a foe a-pa-kdaⁿ-bda-hi bde (ápakdąbdáhi bdé) - I, a-pa-kdaⁿ-ta-hi te (ápakdąttáhi tté) - you

 

tea

maⁿ-hiⁿ ni (mąhíni) - tea

maⁿ-hiⁿ ni (mąhí ni) - tea [AB, OM]

cf. ma-hiⁿ (mahį́) - grass; ni (ni) - liquid

Dhegiha: maⁿ-hiⁿ ni (maⁿhíⁿni) - tea [Kaw]

 

teach

ki-koⁿ-ze (kíkǫze), ki-koⁿ-ze (kíkąze) - teach someone something a-poⁿ-ze (áppǫze) - I, da-shkoⁿ-ze (dáškǫze) - you

cf. wa-kaⁿ-ze (waką́ze) - teacher

ex: ki-kaⁿ-ze (kíkązé) - he taught her [JOD]

Dhegiha: gi-koⁿ-ze (gikóⁿze) - to teach his own relation, child, etc. [Omaha/Ponca]; ki-koⁿ-ze (kikóⁿze) - to teach himself, to learn or study [Omaha/Ponca]; ʰki-ʰkoⁿ-ze (ḳi-ḳóⁿ-çe) - the act of religious devotion [FL-Osage]; ʰki-ʰkoⁿ-ze (ʰkiʰkǫ́ze) - hold a Native American Church meeting, have or put on a peyote meeting, lit., ‘teach oneself, teach each other’ [CQ-Osage]; ki-kaⁿ-ze tsi (kikáⁿze ci) - church, house for teaching [Kaw]

 

i-ba-haⁿ-kʰi-de (íbahąkʰíde) - inform, cause to know i-ba-haⁿ-a-kʰi-de (íbahąákʰide) - I, i-ba-haⁿ-da-kʰi-de (íbahądákʰide) - you

i-ba-hoⁿ-ki-de (íbahǫkíde) - teach me (to cause to know) [OM]

cf. i-ba-haⁿ (íbahą), i-ba-hoⁿ (íbahǫ) - know how, recognize; kʰi-de (kʰíde) - to cause

Dhegiha: i-ba-hoⁿ-kʰi-the (íbahóⁿkʰithe) - to cause (purposely) him, not a relation, to know [Omaha/Ponca]; i-pʰa-hoⁿ-kʰi-the (ípʰahoⁿkʰithe) - to cause (purposely) one, not a relation, to know how to do anything [Omaha/Ponca]; i-pʰa-hoⁿ-ki-the (ípʰahoⁿkithe) - to cause himself to know how to do anything [Omaha/Ponca]

Dhegiha: i-pa-hoⁿ (ípahoⁿ) - know how, to know how to do something [Omaha/Ponca]; i-ba-hoⁿ (íbahoⁿ) - know, to know a person or thing [Omaha/Ponca]; i-ba-hoⁿ (ibahoⁿ) - know [Omaha]; i-ba-hoⁿ (í-ba-hoⁿ) - to know [FL-Osage]; i-pa-hoⁿ (ípahǫ) - know, understand, know as a person, be acquainted with, recognize, know someone as being a certain way or a certain type of person, guess [CQ-Osage]; i-ba-hoⁿ (íbahoⁿ) - to know; understand [Kaw]

 

teacher

wa-kaⁿ-ze (waką́ze) - teacher

cf. ki-koⁿ-ze (kíkǫze), ki-koⁿ-ze (kíkąze) - teach someone something

ex: wa-kaⁿ-ze ti (waką́ze tti) - teaching house, school house [MS]

Dhegiha: wa-goⁿ-ze (wagóⁿze) - a teacher; a missionary [Omaha/Ponca]; wa-goⁿ-ze (wagoⁿçe) - minister; clergyman; educator; educate; teach; instruct [Omaha]; wa-goⁿ-ze (wa-góⁿ-çe) - to teach; to instruct; to preach; an instructor; a preceptor; a teacher; a preacher [FL-Osage]; wa-koⁿ-ze (wakǫ́ze) - teach; teacher; minister [CQ-Osage]; wa-go-ze (wagóze) - teach, teacher [Kaw]

 

tear a seam, rip

di-kdi (dikdí) - rip, tear a seam bdi-kdi (bdíkdi) - I, ti-kdi (ttíkdi) - you

 

tear into pieces

di-shpa-shpa (dišpášpa) - tear into pieces bdi-shpa-shpa (bdíšpašpa) - I, ti-shpa-shpa (ttíšpašpa) - you

cf. di-shpe (dišpé) - pull off something adhering; i-di-shpe (ídišpe) - break off, break out; ka-shpe (kašpé) - cut off, knock off a piece; i-ka-shpe (íkašpe) - break from weight; o-shpe (ošpé) - fragment; pa-shpe (pašpé) - cut out a piece with a knife, to cut it out with a knife (that portion) [JOD]; pa-shpa-shpa (pášpašpa) - dice, cut into small pieces

ex: zho-i-ka bdo-ka di-shpa-shpa taⁿ aⁿ-da-we, i-ya (žoíka bdóka dišpášpa attą ądáwe, iyá) - tearing his entire body to pieces and scattering the pieces all around, it is said (they say) [JOD]

ex: e-ti hi naⁿ di-shpa-shpa ke (étti hi ną dišpášpa ke) - when she arrived there, the torn pieces were scattered about [JOD]

Dhegiha: thi-shpa-shpa-i (thishpáshpai) - pieces pulled apart, scattered in english translation [JOD-Omaha]; thi-shpa-shpa (thi-shpá-shpa) - torn to pieces, to tear to pieces; torn [FL-Osage]; u-thi-shpa-shpa (uthíshpashpá) - to break or crumble into pieces with the hands, as crackers into soup [Omaha/Ponca]; shpa-shpa (shpashpa) - fragment [Omaha]; u-shpa-shpa (ushpáshpa) - piece, remnant [Omaha/Ponca]; ga-shpa-shpa (ga-shpá-shpa) - hack to pieces, to injure badly [FL-Osage]; ga-shpa-shpa (gashpáshpa) - chip off many pieces [Kaw]

 

tear notches or scallops in something

di-ti-te (dittitté) - tear notches, scallops in something bdi-ti-te (bdíttitte) - I, ti-ti-te (ttíttitte) - you

cf. ti-te (ttítte) - notched; ka-ti-te (kattítte) - strike notches in something; pa-ti-te (páttitte) - cut notches with a knife

 

tear or rip one’s shoes

naⁿ-bda-ze (nąbdaze) - tear, rip one’s shoes a-naⁿ-bda-ze (anąbdaze) - I, da-naⁿ-bda-ze (danąbdaze) - you

cf. naⁿ (ną) - by action of the foot; ki-naⁿ-bda-ze (kínąbdaze) - tear, rip with the foot; di-bda-ze (dibdáze) - tear, rip, rupture; di-bda-bda-ze (dibdábdaze) - tear to pieces, disembowel; ka-bda-ze (kabdáze), ka-bda-se (kabdáse) - burst

Dhegiha: noⁿ-btha-ze (noⁿ-btha-çe) - to tear, to tear one’s trousers by kicking [FL-Osage]; naⁿ-bla-ze (naⁿbláze) - to tear or tear open with the foot; to make burst open by kicking; to tear open moccasins or leggings; pants to split [Kaw]

Dhegiha: btha-ze (btháze) - split, ripped [Omaha/Ponca]; btha-ze (b¢á-zĕ) - ripped open, torn open [JOD-Omaha]; bra-ze (bráze) - torn [CQ-Osage]; bla-ze (bláze) - torn, be torn [Kaw]

 

tear or rip with the foot

ki-naⁿ-bda-ze (kínąbdaze) - tear, rip with the foot a-ki-naⁿ-bda-ze (akínąbdaze) - I, da-ki-naⁿ-bda-ze (dakínąbdaze) - you

cf. naⁿ (ną) - by action of the foot; naⁿ-bda-ze (nąbdaze) - tear, rip one’s shoes; di-bda-ze (dibdáze) - tear, rip, rupture; di-bda-bda-ze (dibdábdaze) - tear to pieces, disembowel; ka-bda-ze (kabdáze), ka-bda-se (kabdáse) - burst

Dhegiha: gi-noⁿ-btha-ze (ginóⁿbthaze) - to rip or tear his own by stepping on it, or by catching it in machinery [Omaha/Ponca]

Dhegiha: noⁿ-btha-ze (noⁿ-btha-çe) - to tear, to tear one’s trousers by kicking [FL-Osage]; naⁿ-bla-ze (naⁿbláze) - to tear or tear open with the foot; to make burst open by kicking; to tear open moccasins or leggings; pants to split [Kaw]

Dhegiha: btha-ze (btháze) - split, ripped [Omaha/Ponca]; btha-ze (b¢á-zĕ) - ripped open, torn open [JOD-Omaha]; bra-ze (bráze) - torn [CQ-Osage]; bla-ze (bláze) - torn, be torn [Kaw]

 

tear to pieces, disembowel

di-btha-btha-ze (dibdábdaze) - tear to pieces, disembowel bdi-bda-bda-ze (bdíbdabdáze) - I, ti-bda-bda-ze (ttíbdabdáze) - you

cf. di-bda (dibdá) - pull apart, separate; di-bda-ze (dibdáze) - tear, rip, rupture; ka-bda-ze (kabdáze), ka-bda-se (kabdáse) - burst; naⁿ-bda-ze (nąbdaze) - tear, rip one’s shoes; ki-naⁿ-bda-ze (kínąbdaze) - tear, rip with the foot

 

Dhegiha: thi-btha-btha-ze (thibthábthaze) - to rend an object often till it hangs in tatters [Omaha/Ponca]

Dhegiha: thi-btha-ze (¢ib¢áze) - torn open [JOD-Omaha]; thi-btha-ze (thi-bthá-çe) - to tear skin, cloth, or paper by pulling [FL-Osage]; yu-bla-ze (yubláze) - tear, as clothing, by pulling; rip open, break open by hauling [Kaw]

Dhegiha: btha-btha-ze (btha-bthá-çe) - ragged; tattered, as clothes; shabby [FL-Osage]

Dhegiha: btha-ze (btháze) - split, ripped [Omaha/Ponca]; btha-ze (b¢á-zĕ) - ripped open, torn open [JOD-Omaha]; bra-ze (bráze) - torn [CQ-Osage]; bla-ze (bláze) - torn, be torn [Kaw]

 

tear, rip, rupture

di-bda-ze (dibdáze) - tear, rip, rupture bdi-bda-ze (bdíbdaze) - I, ti-bda-ze (ttíbdaze) - you

cf. di-btha-btha-ze (dibdábdaze) - tear to pieces, disembowel; di-bda (dibdá) - pull apart, separate; ka-bda-ze (kabdáze), ka-bda-se (kabdáse) - burst; naⁿ-bda-ze (nąbdaze) - tear, rip one’s shoes; ki-naⁿ-bda-ze (kínąbdaze) - tear, rip with the foot

Dhegiha: thi-btha-ze (thibtháze) - to tear open, as a garment, by pulling; to break open by hauling; to make a longitudinal incision [Omaha/Ponca]; thi-btha-ze (¢ib¢áze) - torn open [JOD-Omaha]; thi-btha-ze (thi-bthá-çe) - to tear skin, cloth, or paper by pulling [FL-Osage]; yu-bla-ze (yubláze) - tear, as clothing, by pulling; rip open, break open by hauling [Kaw]

Dhegiha: btha-ze (btháze) - split, ripped [Omaha/Ponca]; btha-ze (b¢á-zĕ) - ripped open, torn open [JOD-Omaha]; bra-ze (bráze) - torn [CQ-Osage]; bla-ze (bláze) - torn, be torn [Kaw]

 

tear, tears

i-shta-bni (ištábni) - tear, tears

cf. i-shta (ištá) - eye

Dhegiha: i-shta-bthi (ishtábthi) - tears [Omaha/Ponca]; iⁿ-shta bthiⁿ (iⁿshta bthiⁿ) - tear from crying [Omaha]; iⁿ-shta-bthi (iⁿ-shtá-bthi) - tears; tears from crying [FL-Osage]; iⁿ-shta-bri (įįštábri), i-shta-bri (iištábri) - tear, teardrop [CQ-Osage]; i-shta-bli (ishtábli) - tears [Kaw]

 

tearing sound

di-so-wa-de (disowáde) - make tearing sound bdi-so-wa-de (bdísowáde) - I, ti-so-wa-de (ttísowáde) -you

 

tearing, ruin by tearing

di-shi-ke (díšiké) - ruin by tearing, do wrong bdi-shi-ke (bdíšike) - I, ti-shi-ke (ttíšike) - you

cf. di (di) - by hand, pulling; cause by using the hands; shi-ke (šíke) - bad, ugly; ba-shi-ke (bašiké) - ruin by poking a hole in; bi-shi-ke (bišíke) - ruin by pressing, squash; da-shi-ke (dašíke) - speak badly of or incorrectly; ka-shi-ke (kašíke) - spoil something by striking it; naⁿ-shi-ke (nąšíke) - spoil something by stepping on it; pa-shi-ke (pášike) - ruin by cutting with a knife; po-shi-ke (póšike) - spoil something by punching it; ta-shi-ke (tášíke) - ruin something by burning it

Dhegiha: thi-pi-a-zhi (thi piazhi) - ruin [Omaha]; thi-pi-a-zhi (thipíazhi) - to do a thing improperly, as it should not be done hence, to do wrong, to sin, to be guilty of a crime (used of great offences); thi-pʰi-zhi (thi-p̣í-zhi) - damage, defilement; to spoil; to ruin by tearing, cutting, or burning [FL-Osage]; thu-ʰpi-zhi (ðuʰpíiži) - ruin, make something bad, do harm to, harm [CQ-Osage]

 

teat, breast

ma-ze-pa (mazéppa) - nipple of the breast

cf. ma-ze (mazé) - breast; pa (ppa) - nose, beak, bill

ex: ma-ze-pa wa-da-se (mazéppa wadáse) - katydid, “bites off a teat”

Dhegiha: moⁿ-ze-pa (moⁿçepa) - woman’s nipple; nipple on a bottle [Omaha]; ba-ze-ʰpa (ba-çé-p̣a) - nipple, teat [FL-Osage]

 

ma-ze pa-si (mazé ppasí) - nipples

cf. ma-ze (mazé) - breast; pa-si (ppasí) - tip of something, beak or bill; a-ni pa-si-kde (áni ppasíkde) - hill with sharp peak; pa-pa-si (ppáppasí) - tip of the nose

ex: ma-ze pa-si niⁿ-kʰe (mazé ppasí nįkʰé) - the nipples

Dhegiha: pa-si (pasí) - tip, tongue-tip, tree-top, etc. [Omaha/Ponca]; pa-si (p̣a-çí) - point, a peak, the top of a pole, the top of a tree [FL-Osage]; ʰpa-su (ʰpasú) - tip or point of an object [CQ-Osage]; pa-su (pasú) - tip, point of an object, “like the point of a pencil [Kaw]

 

ma-ze (mazé) - breast

ex: ma-ze k’i (mazé kʔí) - to suckle, “to give the breast”

ex: ma-ze niⁿ-kʰe (mazé nįkʰé) - the breast

ex: ma-ze-ni (mazéni) - milk, “breast water”

ex: ma-ze-ni di-sti-te (mazéni distítte) - to milk an animal

ex: ma-ze-ni o-zhi (mazéni oží) - milk bottle

ex: ma-ze-ni wa-ske (mazéni wáske) - cheese, “milk cake”

ex: ma-ze-ni we-kdi (mazéni wékdi) - butter, “milk grease”

ex: ma-ze ste-te (mazé stetté) - giant woman, hair to waist; waist length breast carried over her shoulders for suckling stolen children, “long breasts”

ex: ma-ze zhi-ka (mazé žíka) - little breasts [MS]

Dhegiha: ma-ze (mazé) - the female breasts; the udder of a cow, etc. [Omaha/Ponca]; moⁿ-ze (moⁿze) - breast [Omaha]; moⁿ-ze (moⁿ-çé) - a woman’s breast [FL-Osage]; ba-ze (ba-çé) - a woman’s breast; udder [FL-Osage]; pa-ze (paazé) - breast, udder [CQ-Osage]; ba-ze (bazé) - breast [Kaw]

 

teenager

she-to naⁿ-haⁿ (šétto nąhą́) - grown boy, large boy, teenager

cf. she-to (šétto) - boy; naⁿ-haⁿ (ną́hą), (nąhą́), naⁿ-hoⁿ (nąhǫ), (nąhǫ́) - old, grown up, mature; naⁿ-hoⁿ-de (nąhǫ́de), naⁿ-haⁿ-de (nąhą́de) - cultivate, bring to maturity

ex: she-to naⁿ-haⁿ (šétto nąhą́) - boy/grown (=large) [JOD]

ex: “e-ska, wi-zhiⁿ-ke, she-to naⁿ-haⁿ maⁿ-di-taⁿ si-si hi naⁿ-we e-koⁿ kaⁿ,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“éska, wižį́ke, šétto nąhą́ mądíttą sisí hi ną-wé ékǫ kką,” iyí iyá maštį́ke) - “oh my son I hope that you become like the grown boys who pull a bow and are very active (able to run swiftly and far),” it is said Rabbit said [JOD]

Dhegiha: shiⁿ-ʰto noⁿ-hoⁿ (shíⁿ-ṭo-noⁿ-hoⁿ) - a bachelor; a single young man [FL-Osage]; shi-do noⁿ-hoⁿ (shídonoⁿhoⁿ) - a youth, a young man that is nearly grown [Kaw]

Dhegiha: noⁿ-hoⁿ (nóⁿ-hoⁿ) - older person [FL-Osage]; noⁿ-hoⁿ (nóⁿhoⁿ) - adult [Kaw]

Dhegiha: naⁿ (náⁿ) - grown [JOD-Omaha]; noⁿ (noⁿ) - adult animal; adult person; elder [Omaha]; noⁿ (noⁿ) - to grow; to age; to mature; an adult [FL-Osage]; noⁿ (nǫ́ǫ) - be old, grow up to adulthood, mature; adulthood, grownups, adults; old folks, elders in times past, old ones; advancded age, old age [CQ-Osage]; noⁿ (noⁿ) - old, mature [Kaw]

 

she-mi naⁿ-haⁿ (šémi ną́hą) - young girl

cf. she-mi (šémi) - girl; naⁿ-haⁿ (ną́hą), (nąhą́), naⁿ-hoⁿ (nąhǫ), (nąhǫ́) - old, grown up, mature; naⁿ-hoⁿ-de (nąhǫ́de), naⁿ-haⁿ-de (nąhą́de) - cultivate, bring to maturity

Dhegiha: she-miⁿ zhiⁿ-ga (shémiⁿzhíⁿga) - a maiden, a young woman [Omaha/Ponca]; she-mi zhiⁿ-ga (she mizhiⁿga) - maiden; young girl [Omaha]; she-mi zhiⁿ-ga ʰtoⁿ noⁿ-a-hoⁿ (shé-mi-zhiⁿ-ga ṭoⁿ noⁿ a-hoⁿ) - the girl has grown up; the girl has matured [FL-Osage]; shi-mi (shími), shi-mi zhiⁿ-ga (shí-mi-zhiⁿ-ga) - a baby girl; a damsel; a maiden; a lassie [FL-Osage]; shiⁿ-miⁿ zhiⁿ (šį́mįžį) - girl, baby girl; girlfriend [CQ-Osage]; shi-mi zhiⁿ-ga (shímizhiⁿga), shi-mi hiⁿ-ga (shímihíⁿga), shi-miⁿ hiⁿ-ga (shímiⁿhiⁿga) - girl, young woman, daughter [Kaw]

Dhegiha: noⁿ-hoⁿ (nóⁿ-hoⁿ) - older person [FL-Osage]; noⁿ-hoⁿ (nóⁿhoⁿ) - adult [Kaw]

Dhegiha: naⁿ (náⁿ) - grown [JOD-Omaha]; noⁿ (noⁿ) - adult animal; adult person; elder [Omaha]; noⁿ (noⁿ) - to grow; to age; to mature; an adult [FL-Osage]; noⁿ (nǫ́ǫ) - be old, grow up to adulthood, mature; adulthood, grownups, adults; old folks, elders in times past, old ones; advancded age, old age [CQ-Osage]; noⁿ (noⁿ) - old, mature [Kaw]

 

te-ka noⁿ hi (ttéka nǫ́ hi) - young person or people, teenager, newly grown to maturity

te-ke noⁿ hi (ttéke nǫ́ hi) - young [OM]

cf. te-ka (ttéka) - new; noⁿ (nǫ́), naⁿ (ną́) - grown, old, adult, mature; hi (hi) - arrive, reach there

Dhegiha: ʰtse-ga noⁿ (ṭsé-ga noⁿ) - newly grown; just grown to maturity [FL-Osage]; ʰtse-ka noⁿ (ʰcéka nǫ́ǫ) - teenager, young person or young people, children in their teens (lit., ‘recently grown-up’ or ‘recently adult’) [CQ-Osage]; tse-ga noⁿ (céganoⁿ) - young, just grown [Kaw]

Dhegiha: noⁿ-hi (noⁿ-hí) - reaches mature age; senility [FL-Osage]; noⁿ-hi (nǫǫhí), noⁿ a-hi (nǫ́ǫ ahí) - grow up (lit., ‘arrive at adulthood’) [CQ-Osage]

Dhegiha: te-ga (téga) - new; newly, freshly [Omaha/Ponca]; te-ga (tega) - new; modern; fresh [Omaha]; ʰtse-ga (ṭsé-ga) - new, recently, anew, early [FL-Osage]; ʰtse-ka (ʰcéka) - new, newly, fresh, recent, recently, just now, just a while ago [CQ-Osage]; tse-ga (céga) - new, first time, anew, right now, just now [Kaw]

Dhegiha: naⁿ (náⁿ) - grown [JOD-Omaha]; noⁿ (noⁿ) - adult animal; adult person; elder [Omaha]; noⁿ (noⁿ) - to grow; to age; to mature; an adult [FL-Osage]; noⁿ (nǫ́ǫ) - be old, grow up to adulthood, mature; adulthood, grownups, adults; old folks, elders in times past, old ones; advancded age, old age [CQ-Osage]; noⁿ (noⁿ) - old, mature [Kaw]

 

naⁿ-haⁿ zhi-ka (ną́hą žiká) - girl who has reached puberty

cf. naⁿ-haⁿ (ną́hą), (nąhą́), naⁿ-hoⁿ (nąhǫ), (nąhǫ́) - old, grown up, mature; zhi-ka (žíka) - small, little, young; naⁿ-hoⁿ-de (nąhǫ́de), naⁿ-haⁿ-de (nąhą́de) - cultivate, bring to maturity

ex: naⁿ-haⁿ zhi-ka hi (nąhą́ žiká hí) - grown/a little/very [JOD]

ex: e she-mi i-ta-de taⁿ naⁿ-haⁿ zhi-ka hi taⁿ ka-i-she-taⁿ hi taⁿ e-hoⁿ niⁿ-kʰe t’e (é šémi íttadé tą nąhą́ žiká hí tą ká-išétą hí tą ehǫ́ nįkʰé tʔe) - when the girl that was born reached puberty her mother died [JOD]

ex: naⁿ-haⁿ zhi-ka hi (nąhą́ žiká hí) - grown/a little/reached [JOD]

ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ e-koⁿ niⁿ naⁿ-haⁿ zhi-ka hi taⁿ kaⁿ-taⁿ naⁿ (kóišǫ́ttą ékǫ nį́ nąhą́ žiká hí tą ką-tą́ ną) - then, she went along like that for sometime until she was grown (reached puberty) [JOD]

ex: naⁿ-haⁿ zhi-ka hi (nąhą́ žiká hí) - grown/a little/very [a little larger] [JOD]

ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ e-shoⁿ-hi naⁿ-haⁿ zhi-ka hi taⁿ naⁿ (kóišǫ́ttą ešǫhí nąhą́ žiká hí tą́ ną) - then, after some time, she grew a little larger (a little older) [JOD]

Dhegiha: noⁿ-hoⁿ (nóⁿ-hoⁿ) - older person [FL-Osage]; noⁿ-hoⁿ (nóⁿhoⁿ) - adult [Kaw]

Dhegiha: shiⁿ-ʰto noⁿ-hoⁿ (shíⁿ-ṭo-noⁿ-hoⁿ) - a bachelor, a single man [FL-Osage]; shi-do noⁿ-hoⁿ (shído noⁿhoⁿ) - a youth, a young man that is nearly grown [Kaw]

Dhegiha: wa-k’o noⁿ-hoⁿ (wakʔó nǫ́hǫ́) - a woman who has been married, but who is now alone, a widow [JOD-Osage]; wa-k’o noⁿ-hoⁿ (wak’ó noⁿhóⁿ) - grown woman [Kaw]

 

teens, sit on and numerals in the teens

a-kniⁿ (aknį́) - sit on; and numerals in the teens

cf. a (a) - on, upon; kniⁿ (knį), kdiⁿ (kdį) - sit, be sitting, be in a place, camp; a-kniⁿ (áknį) - chair, seat

ex: miⁿ-xti a-kniⁿ (mįxti aknį) - eleven [MS]

ex: miⁿ-xti a-kniⁿ (mī́xti ágĕne) - eleven [ASG]

ex: kde-bnaⁿ-taⁿ miⁿ-xti a-kniⁿ (kdébnąttą́ mį́xti áknį) - eleven, “10 when 1 sitting on”, same as miⁿ-xti a-kniⁿ (mįxti aknį), the contracted and more common form

ex: kde-bnaⁿ miⁿ-xti a-kniⁿ (gdȁbne mī́xti ágĕne) - eleven [ASG]

ex: kde-bnaⁿ miⁿ-xti a-kniⁿ (gĕdēhbŏnāh milchti-agheni) - 11 [GI]

ex: naⁿ-pa a-kniⁿ (nąpá aknį) - twelve

ex: naⁿ-pa a-kniⁿ (nąpá aknį) - twelve [MS]

ex: noⁿ-ba a-kniⁿ (nuⁿbágĕne) - twelve [ASG]

ex: kde-bnaⁿ-taⁿ naⁿ-pa a-kniⁿ (kdébnąttą́ nąpá aknį́) - twelve (long form)

ex: kde-bnaⁿ noⁿ-ba a-kniⁿ (gdȁbne nuⁿbágĕne) - twelve [ASG]

ex: kde-bnaⁿ noⁿ-pa a-kniⁿ (gĕdēhbŏnāh nonnepah-agheni) - 12 [GI]

ex: da-bni a-kniⁿ (dábni áknį) - thirteen, 3 sitting on (10)

ex: da-bni a-kniⁿ (dábni áknį) - thirteen [MS]

ex: to-wa a-kniⁿ (tówa áknį) - fourteen

ex: to-wa a-kniⁿ (tówa áknį) - fourteen [MS]

ex: sa-taⁿ a-kniⁿ (sáttą áknį) - fifteen

ex: sa-taⁿ a-kniⁿ (sáttą áknį) - fifteen [MS]

ex: sha-pe a-kniⁿ (šappé áknį) - sixteen, 6 sitting on (10)

ex: sha-pe a-kniⁿ (šappé áknį) - sixteen [MS]

ex: pe-naⁿ-pa a-kniⁿ (ppénąpa áknį) - seventeen

ex: pe-da-bniⁿ a-kniⁿ (ppedábnį áknį) - eighteen

ex: pe-da-bniⁿ a-kniⁿ (ppedábnį áknį) - eighteen [MS]

ex: shaⁿ-ka a-kniⁿ (šą́kka áknį) - nineteen, 9 sitting on (10)

ex: shaⁿ-ka a-kniⁿ (šą́kka áknį) - nineteen [MS]

Dhegiha: a-gthiⁿ (ágthiⁿ) - sit, to sit on something; chair, seat [Omaha/Ponca]; a-gthiⁿ (agthiⁿ) - ride a horse, sit on, astride, chair [Omaha]; a-gthiⁿ (agthíⁿ) - teen (part of number) [Omaha/Ponca]; a-gthiⁿ (á-gthiⁿ) - to sit upon a cushion, robe, or chair; a chair [FL-Osage]; a-liⁿ (álįį), a-dliⁿ (ádlį) - sit upon, ride on, place upon, upon (used in numbers); chair [CQ-Osage]; a-liⁿ (áliⁿ) - sit on; chair; teen formative, ‘in addition’ [Kaw]

 

teeth

hi (hi) - tooth

hi (hi) - teeth [MS, OM]

hi (hi˙) - tooth, teeth [FS]

hi (hî́) - teeth, tooth [ASG]

ex: hi iⁿ-te (hi įté) - toothache, have a toothache

ex: hi aⁿ-te (hi ąté) - I have a toothache

ex: hi di-iⁿ-te (hi díįté) - you have a toothache

ex: hi di-shto-te (hi dištótte) - pull a tooth

ex: hi-ka-sho-ko-bo-te (híkašókobotte), hi-ga-sho-go-bo-te (hígašógobotte) - tooth pick

Dhegiha: hi (hi) - a tooth, teeth [Omaha/Ponca]; hi (hi) - tooth [Omaha]; hi (hi) - tooth or teeth [FL-Osage]; hi (híi) - tooth, teeth [CQ-Osage]; hi (hi) - tooth, teeth [Kaw]

 

teeth, bicuspid teeth

hi o-ta-ho-kde o-ba-taⁿ (hí ottahokdé obáttą) - bicuspid teeth

cf. hi (hi) - tooth; hi o-ta-ho-kde (hí ottahokdé) - canine teeth

ex: hi o-ta-ho-kde o-ba-taⁿ tʰe (hí ottahokdé obáttą tʰe) - the bicuspid

 

teeth, canine teeth

hi o-ta-ho-kde (hí ottahokdé) - canine teeth

cf. hi (hi) - tooth; hi o-ta-ho-kde o-ba-taⁿ (hí ottahokdé obáttą) - bicuspid teeth

 

teeth, crunch with teeth

da-to-zhe (dattóže) - crunch with teeth bda-to-zhe (bdáttože) - I, ta-to-zhe (ttáttože) - you

cf. da (da) - by mouth; ba-to-zhe (battóže) - crack, make sound pushing; bi-to-zhe (bittóže) - crack, make sound by pressure; ka-to-zhe (kattóže) - cracking sound hitting something; naⁿ-pe di-to-zhe (nąpé dittóže) - crack one's finger joints; naⁿ-to-zhe (nąttóže) - crack, make sound by treading; pa-to-zhe (páttože) - cracking sound, make with knife; po-to-zhe (póttože) - crack, make sound thrusting; ta-to-zhe (táttože) - cracking sound made by burning

 

teeth, deer’s teeth

ta hi (ttahí) - deer’s teeth

cf. ta (tta) - deer or meat; hi (hi) - tooth

Dhegiha: ta (ta) - dried meat, especially buffalo, elk, or deer meat, jerky [Omaha/Ponca]; ta (ta) - dried meat [Omaha]; ʰta (ṭa) - the deer, meat of any kind, deer, the flesh of this animal was used by the Osage and Omaha for food and the skin for clothing, the sinew was used for sewing [FL-Osage]; ʰta (ʰtáa) - deer, doe, fawn, buck, meat [CQ-Osage]; ta (ta) - deer, meat of any sort [Kaw]

Dhegiha: ta-xti (táqti) - deer, “the true or real deer” [Omaha/Ponca]; ta-xti (taxti) - deer [Omaha]; ta-xtsi (tàxcí) - deer, “the real deer” [Kaw]

Dhegiha: hi (hi) - tooth, teeth [Omaha/Ponca]; hi (hi) - tooth or teeth [FL-Osage]; hi (híi) - tooth, teeth [CQ-Osage]; hi (hi) - tooth, teeth [Kaw]

 

teeth, drag with the teeth or draw into the mouth

da-xo-we (daxówe) - drag with teeth, draw into mouth bda-xo-we (bdáxowe) - I, ta-xo-we (ttáxowe) - you

cf. da (da) - by mouth; di-xo-we (diγówe) - drag something along; o-di-xo-we (odíxowe) - make a rut or groove by pulling; di-xo (diγó) - mark, scratch, draw line

ex: aⁿ-da-xo-wa (ądáxowá) - draw me into your mouth! [JOD]

ex: “aⁿ-da-xo-wa!” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (ądáxowá!” iyí iyá maštį́ke) - “swallow me!” it is said Rabbit said [JOD]

ex: di-xa-zhi wa-da-xo-we (dixáži wadáxowe) - hill that ate people from Quapaw mythology

ex: “di-xa-zhi wa-da-xo-we ni-kʰe, aⁿ-da-xo-wa! (dixáži wadáxowé nikʰé, ądáxowá!) -  you who are the Hill that draws things (people) into its mouth, draw me in! [JOD]

ex: wa-da-xo-we (wadáxowé) - draws them into its mouth, draws people into its mouth, drew people into its mouth [JOD]

ex: “ni-ka-shi-ka e-ti hi-naⁿ wa-da-xo-we-naⁿ iⁿ,” i-yi i-ya wa-x’o-zhi-ka niⁿ-kʰe (“níkkašíka étti hí-ną wadáxowé-ną į́,” iyí iyá waxʔóžiká nįkʰé) - “when people go there, it always draws them into its mouth,” it is said the old woman said [JOD]

ex: da-xo-wa-zhi (dáxówaží) - did not draw him into its mouth [JOD]

ex: e-shoⁿ di-xa-zhi wa-da-xo-we niⁿ-kʰe ma-shtiⁿ-ke i-ba-hoⁿ-taⁿ da-xo-wa-zhi naⁿ, i-ya (ešǫ́ dixáži wadáxowé nįkʰé maštį́ke íbahǫ-tą dáxówaží ną, iyá) - as the Hill that draws things (people) into its mouth knew the Rabbit, he refused to swallow him, it is said [JOD]

Dhegiha: tha-xu (thaqú) - to draw in with the breath; to inhale, as cold air, dust, etc. [Omaha/Ponca]; tha-qu-’e (thaqú’e) - to suck up the affected part, as Indian doctors do, making a sucking sound; to make the sound heard when paper or calico is torn by the teeth [Omaha/Ponca]; ya-xo-we (yaxówe) - to make a tearing or sucking sound; to make the sound heard in tearing calico, cloth, etc. with the teeth; to suck up the affected part of a person’s body, as the Indian doctors do, making a peculiar sound [Kaw]; tha-xu-e (tha-xú-e) - dragged with his teeth [FL-Osage]; u-tha-xu-e (u-thá-xu-e) - dragged therein by the teeth, this is an expression used in the mythical stories and refers to the act of the beaver [FL-Osage]

 

teeth, dull the teath

da-to-ke (dattóke) - dull, wear the teeth, blunt bda-to-ke (bdáttoke) - I, ta-to-ke (ttáttoke) - you

cf. da (da) - by mouth; bi-to-ke (bittóke) - wear away by rubbing or file; ba-to-ke (battóke) - wear away, wear out; di-to-ke (dittóke) - dull, blunt a tool; ka-to-ke (kattóke) - wear down by striking, to dull; naⁿ-to-ke (nąttóke) - wear down by walking, as shoes; pa-to-ke (páttoke) - wear away a knife blade; po-to-ke (póttoke) - dull by punching, as a spear

 

teeth, gnash the teeth

da-ta-xe (dattaxé) - gnash the teeth bda-ta-xe (bdáttaxe) - I, ta-ta-xe (ttáttaxe) - you

cf. da (da) - by mouth

 

teeth, incisors

hi pe-shte (hi ppéšte) - teeth, incisors

hi pe-shte-te (hi ppéštette) - incisors

cf. hi (hi) - tooth, teeth

ex: hi pe-shte tʰe (hi ppéšte tʰe) - the incisor

Dhegiha: hi pʰe-shte (hi pʰéshte) - incisors, front teeth [Omaha/Ponca]

 

teeth, molars

hi o-taⁿ-ka (hí ottą́ka) - teeth, molars

cf. hi (hi) - tooth, teeth; taⁿ-ka (ttą́ka) - big, large

ex: hi o-taⁿ-ka tʰe (hí ottą́ka tʰe) - the molar

Dhegiha: hi u-toⁿ-ga (híutóⁿga) - “the large teeth,” the back teeth [Omaha/Ponca]; hi u-toⁿ-ga (hiútoⁿga) - molars [Omaha]; hiu ʰtoⁿ-ga (hiu ṭóⁿ-ga) - the large teeth; the molars [FL-Osage]

 

teeth, split with teeth

da-ste (dasté) - split with teeth bda-ste (bdáste) - I, ta-ste (ttáste) - you

cf. da (da) - by mouth; da-ste-ste (dásteste) - chew into slivers; ba-ste (basté) - cut into, gash; ba-ste-ste (bastéste) - cut to shreds, stab repeatedly; bi-ste (bisté) - split, gash; bi-ste-ste (bistéste) - split repeatedly, shred; di-ste (disté) - split, pull off string; di-ste-ste (distéste) - pull into shreds, slivers; ka-ste (kasté) - gash, split something; ka-ste-ste (kastéste) - cut or beat to shreds/slivers; ka-ste-ste-ye (kastésteye) - to have cut to shreds; naⁿ-ste (nąsté) - kick a gash in something; naⁿ-ste-ste (nąstéste) - kick or tread to pieces; pa-ste (páste) - gash, cut with a knife blade; pa-ste-ste (pásteste) - cut to slivers, split often; po-ste (póste) - graze shooting and gash; po-ste-ste (pósteste) - shoot or punch to slivers

 

teeth, undo with the mouth or teeth

da-kda (dakdá) - undo with the mouth or teeth

cf. da (da) - by mouth; naⁿ-pe ba-kda (nąpé bakdá), ba-kda (bakdá) - open the hand; bi-kda (bikdá) - press out, push or blow loose; di-kda (dikdá) - undo, untie, pull loose; di-ki-kda (dikkíkda) - open, lift off as a door/plank; ka-kda (kakdá) - sway; naⁿ-kda (nąkdá) - loosen; come undone, as a shoelace

Dhegiha: tha-gtha (thagthá) - to get the thong off his jaw; said of a horse, when no bit is used, and a thong is passed through his mouth [Omaha/Ponca]

 

telegraph

ma-ze wa-hi-oⁿ o-na-x’oⁿ i-ka-xe (máze wáhiǫ onáxʔǫ ikáγe) - telegraph

cf. ma-ze (máze) - iron; wa-hi-oⁿ (wahíǫ) - string, thread, lariat; o-na-x’oⁿ (ónaxʔǫ) - hear about something, hear a report; i-ka-xe (ikáγe) - with which to make

 

telegraph wire

ma-ze wa-hi-oⁿ o-na-x’oⁿ (máze wáhiǫ onáxʔǫ) - telegraph wire

cf. ma-ze (máze) - iron; wa-hi-oⁿ (wahíǫ) - string, thread, lariat; o-na-x’oⁿ (ónaxʔǫ) - hear about something, hear a report

 

tell a lie, lie

iⁿ-xo-we (į́xowe) - lie, tell a lie iⁿ-bda-xo-we (į́bdaxowe) - I, iⁿ-ta-xo-we (į́ttaxowe) - you

ex: “iⁿ-ta-xo-we a-ta-ha-we,” i-yi (“į́ttaxówé attaháwe,” iyí) - you (plural) lied/altogether (plural)/said he [JOD]

ex: iⁿ-xo-we taⁿ-ka (į́xowe ttąká) - he’s telling a big lie [JOD]

ex: de iⁿ-xo-wa-zhi hi naⁿ (dé įxowáži hí ną) - this/tells no lie/very/only, always [JOD]

ex: de iⁿ-xo-wa-zhi hi naⁿ, de i-ye miⁿ-kʰe hi koⁿ-da a-kʰe (dé įxowáži hí ną, dé íye mį́kʰe hi kǫdá akʰé) - this (one) tells no lies, this (one) wants to tell/speak the truth, it is the one [JOD]

Dhegiha: i-xu-be (í-qu-bé) - to have a mysterious mouth, to say just what happens subsequently [JOD-Omaha]; i-xo-be (í-xo-be) - to fib, to tell a falsehood; to perjure one’s self [FL-Osage]; i-xo-pe (íxope) - lie, fib, untruth, tell untruths, falsehood [CQ-Osage]; i-xo-be (íxobe), i-xo-we (íxowe) - lie, be untruthful; liar; a lie [Kaw]

 

tell about something

o-da-ke (odáke) - tell about something o-bda (obdáke) - I, o-ta (ottáke) - you, oⁿ-ko-da-we (ǫkódakawe) - we

cf. o-da (odá) - tell something; o-ki-da-ke (okídake) - tell it to (some)one

ex: o-da-ke tʰi i-ye (odáke tʰí iyé) - to tell news/has come/he says [JOD]

ex: “hau, ma-shtiⁿ-ke o-da-ke tʰi i-ye,” i-ke-ya-we niⁿ, i-ya (“hau, maštį́ke odáke tʰí iyé,” íkeyáwe nį́, iyá) - “ho, rabbit says that he has come to tell us something,” they said to one another, it is said [JOD]

ex: o-da-ke e-ti kda! (ódaké étti kdá!) - to tell them/there/go thou [JOD]

ex: “te k’iⁿ kde ta-i o-da-ke e-ti kda!” i-yi i-ya maⁿ-tʰo tʰaⁿ (“tté kʔį kdé ttai ódaké étti kdá!” iyí iyá mątʰó tʰą) - “Go home and tell those there that they will pack the buffalo home!” it is said that the Grizzly bear said.

(The Grizzly bear ordered the Rabbit to return to the lodge and request the household to come and aid in carrying the buffalo meat to their home) [JOD]

ex: o-da-ke de (ódake dé) to tell them/he went [JOD]

ex: ko-i-shoⁿ te k’iⁿ kde ta-i o-da-ke de naⁿ, i-ya (kóišǫ́ tté kʔį kdé ttai ódake dé ną, iyá) - then he (Rabbit) went to tell them (Grizzly bear’s household) they will pack the buffalo home, it is said [JOD]

Dhegiha: u-tha-ge (u-thá-ge) - to tell a tale or a story; to make a statement [FL-Osage]; u-tha-ge (ú-tha-ge) - a story, narrative, a legend, tradition [FL-Osage]; o-tha-ke (oðáake) - tell e.g., news, stories, relate, narrate, recite, state, proclaim, inform, say so [CQ-Osage]; o-tha-ke (óðaake) - tell things, inform; story, tale, legend, narrative, telling of something, reporting of news [CQ-Osage]; o-ya-ge (oyáge) - tell someone; promise [Kaw]; o-ya-ge (óyage) - tell something to someone [Kaw]

 

tell it to (some)one

o-ki-da-ke (okídake) - tell it to (some)one o-bda-ke (óbdake) - I, o-ta-ke (óttake) - you

cf. o-da-ke (odáke) - tell about something; o-da (odá) - tell something; o-ki-da (okída) - tell something to another

ex: o-wi-ki-bda-ke (ówikibdáke) - I tell you [JOD]

ex: “hoⁿ, a-tʰi, o-wi-ki-bda-ke a-tʰi,” i-we-ke i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“hǫ, atʰí, ówikibdáke atʰí,” iwéke iyá maštį́ke) - “yes, I have come, I have come to tell you something,” rabbit said to them, it is said [JOD]

ex: o-wi-ki-bda-ke tai miⁿ-kʰe (ówikibdáke taí mįkʰé) - I tell you (plural) news/will (plural)/I who sit [JOD]

ex: “hoⁿ, o-wi-ki-bda-ke tai miⁿ-kʰe,” i-we-ke i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“hǫ, ówikibdáke taí mįkʰé,” iwéke iyá maštį́ke) - “yes, I will tell you’all,” rabbit said to them, it is said [JOD]

Dhegiha: u-tha-ge (u-thá-ge), o-tha-ge (ó-thá-ge) - to tell a tale or a story; to make a statement; to tell, recite, relate, narrate [FL-Osage]; u-tha-ge (ú-tha-ge) - a story, narrative, a legend, tradition; to tell a story of a fable [FL-Osage]; o-tha-ke (oðáake) - tell e.g., news, stories, relate, narrate, recite, state, proclaim, inform, say so [CQ-Osage]; o-tha-ke (óðaake) - tell things, inform; story, tale, legend, narrative, telling of something, reporting of news [CQ-Osage]; o-ya-ge (oyáge) - tell someone; promise [Kaw]; o-ya-ge (óyage) - tell something to someone [Kaw]

 

tell of one’s own

o-kda (okdá) - confess, tell of one’s own o-a-kda (oákda) - I, o-da-kda (odákda) - you, oⁿ-ko-kda-we (ǫkókdawé) - we

cf. o-da (odá) - tell something; kda-shi-ke (kdášike) - speak ill of one’s own; o-ki-kda-ke (ókkikdáke) - speak of oneself

Dhegiha: u-gtha (ugthá) - to tell of his own deeds, relations, etc. to another; to confess [Omaha/Ponca]; u-gtha (ugtha) - confess [Omaha]; u-gtha (úgtha) - to tell them about his own deeds, relations, etc. [Omaha/Ponca]

Dhegiha: u-ʰki-gtha-ge (u-ḳí-gtha-ge) - to speak of one’s self [FL-Osage]; o-ʰki-la-ke (oʰkílaake) - tell about oneself, speak of oneself [CQ-Osage]

 

tell one’s relation to do something

a-kda-zhiⁿ (ákdažį́) - to command one’s own; to tell one’s relation to do something [JOD]

cf. a-ka-zhi (ákaži) - command, tell someone to do something

ex: kda-tʰe ki-ha-i naⁿ wa-zhiⁿ-ka ki-te a-kda-zhiⁿ naⁿ (kdatʰé kihaí ną wažį́ka kkítte ákdažį́ ną) - when they finished eating (their own food), she commanded him (her relation) to go shoot some birds [JOD]

Dhegiha: a-ga-zhi (ágazhi) - to command; to tell him to do something [Omaha/Ponca]; a-ga-shi (agashi) - persuade, command [Omaha]; a-ga-zhi (á-ga-zhi) - to command, dictate, or order [FL-Osage]; a-ka-zhi (ákaaži) - force over or through something, order, command, or force someone to do a task, make someone do something [CQ-Osage]; a-ga-zhiⁿ (ágazhiⁿ) - order, tell someone to do something [Kaw]

 

tell someone to do something

a-ka-zhi (ákaži), a-ka-zhiⁿ (ákažį) - tell someone to do something; command a-a-ka-zhi (áakaži) - I, a-da-ka-zhi (ádakaži) - you, oⁿ-ka-ka-zhi-we (ǫ́kakážiwe) - we

ex: e-koⁿ ka-xe a-wi-ka-zhi (ekǫ́ káγe áwikaži) - I commanded you to do so

ex: wa-wi-ka-zhiⁿ (wáwikažį) - I tell you to do something [JOD]

ex: a-ki-de aⁿ-ka-zhiⁿ (akíde ą́kažį) - to go for it/he told me [JOD]

ex: a-ki-niⁿ kda-i taⁿ, a-ki-de aⁿ-ka-zhiⁿ naⁿ, a-ki-pʰi, a-ki-bniⁿ a-kdi (ákinį́ kdái tą, akíde ą́kažį ną, akípʰi, ákibnį akdí) - they took it from him, he told me to go get it, I went there for it, I brought it back to him [JOD]

ex: a-ka-zhiⁿ-wi (itʰíki íkipʰe ákažįwí) - they ordered him [JOD]

ex: i-tʰi-ki i-ki-pʰe a-ka-zhiⁿ-wi (itʰíki íkipʰe ákažįwí) - they ordered the crier to invite the people [JOD]

Dhegiha: a-ga-zhi (ágazhi) - to command; to tell him to do something [Omaha/Ponca]; a-ga-shi (agashi) - persuade, command [Omaha]; a-ga-zhi (á-ga-zhi) - to command, dictate, or order [FL-Osage]; a-ka-zhi (ákaaži) - force over or through something, order, command, or force someone to do a task, make someone do something [CQ-Osage]; a-ga-zhiⁿ (ágazhiⁿ) - order, tell someone to do something [Kaw]

 

e-ki-oⁿ (ékiǫ), e-ki-’oⁿ (ékiʔǫ) - do as someone has said or done e-ki-moⁿ (ékimǫ) - I, e-ki-zhoⁿ (ékižǫ) - you

cf. ’oⁿ (ʔǫ), ’aⁿ (ʔą) - use, do, be

ex: e-ki-oⁿ (ékiǫ́) - do that [JOD]

ex: “aⁿ-naⁿ-de ta-i, e-koⁿ te e-ki-oⁿ!” sni-wa-te i-yi i-ya (“ąną́de ttaí, ékǫ tte ékiǫ́!” sniwátte iyí iyá) - “we shall see, do so!” it is said that Winter said [JOD]

Dhegiha: e-gi-oⁿ (é-gí-oⁿ) - to do so [FL-Osage]; e-ki-oⁿ (ékiǫ) - do something, proceed or go ahead with something, can, be able to [CQ-Osage]; e-gi-’oⁿ (égi’oⁿ), ’e-gi-’oⁿ (’égi’oⁿ) - do so, do that to another, do something [Kaw]

 

tell something

o-da (odá) - tell something o-bda (obdá) - I, o-ta (ottá) - you, oⁿ-ko-da-we (ǫkódawe) - we

cf. o-ki-da (okída) - tell something to another; o-da-ke (odáke) - tell about something; o-kda (okdá) - confess, tell of one’s own

ex: o-wi-bda (owíbda) - I tell you

ex: o-da (odá) - tell it! [JOD]

ex: “hi-we! o-da!” i-ya-we, i-ya (“hiwé! odá!” iyáwe, iyá) - they said, “come! tell it!” it is said [JOD]

ex: o-da-ki-de (odákide) - he caused him to tell it [JOD]

ex: koi-she-taⁿ o-da-ki-de ki-ha taⁿ ka-xdi (koišéttą odákide kihá tą kaxdí) - when he (haⁿ-ka’s son) finally finished telling him (rabbit), he (rabbit) struck and killed him (haⁿ-ka’s son) [JOD]

Dhegiha: u-tha (uthá) - tell anything, tell anything about another [Omaha/Ponca]; u-tha (útha) - to tell them about [Omaha/Ponca]; u-tha (utha) - announce, report, warn, inform, tell [Omaha]

 

tell something to another

o-ki-da (okída) - tell something to another o-a-ki-bda (oákibdá) - I, o-da-ki-ta (odákittá) - you, oⁿ-ko-ki-da-we (ǫkókidáwe) - we

cf. o-da (odá) - tell something; o-da-ke (odáke) - tell about something; o-ki-da-ke (okídake) - tell it to (some)one

ex: aⁿ-ki-da-zhi hi (ą́kidáži hí) - he did not tell me at all [JOD]

ex: aⁿ-ki-da-zhi hi tʰe aⁿ-shoⁿ-zhi a-ta-pa (ą́kidáži hí tʰe ąšǫ́ži áttappá) - I did not like it much that he did not tell me at all [JOD]

ex: o-da-ki-ta (ódakittá) - you told it to her

ex: e-ka-xna niⁿ-kʰe wa-k’iⁿ tʰe o-da-ki-ta ti, (ekáxną nįkʰe wakʔį́ tʰe ódakittá tti,) - when you summoned his wife to carry the meat to the lodge, [JOD]

ex: o-wa-ki-da (ówakidá) - he told it to them [JOD]

ex: haⁿ bdo-ka za-ni hi o-wa-ki-da (hą bdoká zaní hi ówakidá) - all night long, he told it to everyone [JOD]

Dhegiha: u-tha (uthá) - tell anything, tell anything about another [Omaha/Ponca]; u-tha (útha) - to tell them about [Omaha/Ponca]; u-tha (utha) - announce, report, warn, inform, tell [Omaha]

 

tell the truth

miⁿ-kʰe (mį́kʰe) - to tell the truth miⁿ-a-kʰe (mįákʰe) - I, miⁿ-da-kʰe (mį́dakʰe) - you

mi-kʰe (míkʰe) - to tell the truth mi-a-kʰe (miákʰe) - I, mi-da-kʰe (mídakʰe) - you

ex: miⁿ-a-kʰe (mį́ákʰe) - I told the truth [JOD]

ex: “ho-ho-xo! miⁿ-a-kʰe, ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“hóhoxó! mį́ákʰe, maštį́ke) - “really! I have spoken the truth, Rabbit [JOD]

ex: miⁿ-da-kʰe de, e-te a-zhaⁿ (mį́dakʰe dé, etté ažą́) - I think you are telling the truth [JOD]

ex: de i-ye miⁿ-kʰe hi koⁿ-da a-kʰe (dé íye mį́kʰe hi kǫdá akʰé) - this/speaks/tells the truth/very/desires/it is the one [JOD]

ex: de iⁿ-xo-wa-zhi hi naⁿ, de i-ye miⁿ-kʰe hi koⁿ-da a-kʰe (dé įxowáži hí ną, dé íye mį́kʰe hi kǫdá akʰé) - this (one) tells no lies, this (one) wants to tell/speak the truth, it is the one [JOD]

ex: miⁿ-kʰe aⁿ-da-zhaⁿ-zhi tʰe a-zhaⁿ-miⁿ (mį́kʰe ądážąži tʰe ážąmį) - I do not think that you believe me

ex: miⁿ-kʰe (mį́kʰe) - told the truth [JOD]

ex: “hoⁿ! wi-to-shpa miⁿ-kʰe tʰe-de,” i-yi i-ya (“hǫ! wittóšpa mį́kʰe tʰe edé,” iyí iyá) - “yes! my grandson did tell the truth, but ….” it is said she said (an elliptical expression, it would be in full, miⁿ-kʰe tʰe-de, miⁿ-kʰe a-zhaⁿ-zhi, “he did tell the truth, but I did not think that he told the truth.”) [JOD]

Dhegiha: wiⁿ-kʰe (wíⁿkʰe) - to tell or speak the truth [Omaha/Ponca]; wiⁿ-ke (wiⁿke) - faithful; honest; fair [Omaha]; wiⁿ-kshe (wiⁿ-kshe), wiⁿ-ke (wíⁿ-ke) - truth; sincere; genuine; sincerity; sure [FL-Osage]; wiⁿ-kshe (wį́kše) - speak the truth, tell the truth; be true to; true; truth; golly! gosh! [CQ-Osage]; miⁿ-khe (míⁿkhe) - to tell the truth [Kaw]

 

tell them

wa-kda-ti-ti (wákdattítti) - he told them often to look at him (the dancer) [JOD]

ni-ka-shi-ka za-ni hi toⁿ-we ni-he, i-ki-wa-ta-ta tʰaⁿ i-ya-we, wa-kda-ti-ti tʰaⁿ, i-ya-we (níkkašíka zaní hi tǫ́we-nihe, íkiwattátta tʰą́ iyáwe, wákdattítti tʰą́, iyáwe) - everyone, you’all look at him! he was crying aloud to them, they say, he told them often, to look at him, they say [JOD]

 

wa-kda-tiⁿ-tiⁿ (wákdattį́ttį) - he told them to hasten to do it [JOD]

 

tell, cause to hear something

o-na-x’oⁿ-de (onáxʔǫde) - tell, lit., “cause to hear something” o-na-x’oⁿ-a-de (onáxʔǫáde) - I, o-na-x’oⁿ-da-de (onáxʔǫdáde) - you

cf. o-na-x’oⁿ (ónaxʔǫ) - hear about something, hear a report; de (de) - make, have or make someone do something, cause something to happen to someone or something

Dhegiha: u-na-’aⁿ (uná’aⁿ) - to hear about it [JOD-Omaha]; u-noⁿ-ʰk’oⁿ (u-nóⁿ-ḳ’oⁿ) - a rumor, a report, hearsay [FL-Osage]; o-naⁿ-k’oⁿ (ónąkʔǫ) - rumor, hear a rumor, have foreknowledge of an event, something heard about [CQ-Osage]

 

temperature, by extreme temperature

ta (tá) - by extreme temperature, more often heat than cold

ex: ta-ka-te (tákkatte) - hot, to be hot

ex: ta-ka-te ka-xe (tákkatte káγe) - heat something, make hot

ex: ni ta-ka-te (ni tákkatte) - hot water [ASG]

ex: ni-xo-te ta-ka-te (nixótte tákkatte) - hot ashes [JOD]

ex: ta-bi-ze (tábize) - dried by heat [JOD]

ex: ta-bnaⁿ (tábną) - to smell of something burning

ex: ta-di-xiⁿ (tádaγį) - evaporate from heat or cold

ex: ta-shi-ke (tášíke) - ruin something by burning it

ex: ta-shti-te (táštite) - warm, heat up

ex: ta-te-shka (tátteška) - shorten by burning, burn off

ex: ta-to-xi (táttoxi) - to cause to burt by burning

ex: ta-t’e (tátʔe) - withered from heat or cold

ex: ta-wa-di-shta (táwadíšta) - burn off, clear by burning

ex: ta-xa-xa-ke (táγaγáke) - crying from heat [JOD]

ex: ta-zi-ka (tázikka) - burn to a point

ex: ma-ze ta-de (máze táde) - stove, “metal cause to heat” [MS]

ex: a-ta-koⁿ i-ta ka-xa (áttakkǫ ita kaγá) - let the light burn, “light make it burn” [MS]

ex: ta we-kdi o-ta-haⁿ (tta wékdi otahą) - fried meat, cooked with the grease [MS]

ex: wa-ske we-kdiu-ta-haⁿ (waské wekdütahą) - frybread [MS, MR, FR]

Dhegiha: na (na) - showing that the act is the effect of heat or cold, frost, fire, etc. [Omaha/Ponca]; da (da) - by heat, a prefix denoting fire or the effects of fire in it’s destruction; to freeze, frozen [FL-Osage]; ta (táa) - by extreme of temperature, by heat or cold; freeze, be frozen [CQ-Osage]; da (dá) - instrumental prefix indicating effect of fire, heat, or extreme cold (more often heat than cold) [Kaw]

 

temples, hair on the temples

ta-te-hiⁿ (ttattéhį) - hair on the sides of the head; hair on the temples

cf. ta-te (ttátte) - temple(s), side of the head; hiⁿ (hį) - fur, hair of the body, down of bird

Dhegiha: noⁿ-tha-de hiⁿ-shku-be (noⁿthade hiⁿshkube) - sideburns [Omaha]

 

temples, side of the head

ta-te (ttátte) - temple(s), side of the head

ex: ta-te hiⁿ (ttattéhį) - hair on the sides of the head; hair on the temples

ex: ta-te kde-zhe (ttátte kdéže) - spotted temples [JOD]

ex: ta-te-noⁿ-shi (ttattenǫ́ši) - cheek

Dhegiha: noⁿ-tha-de (nóⁿthade) - temples [Omaha/Ponca]; noⁿ-tha-de (noⁿtháde) - side of the head above the ear [Omaha]; noⁿ-tha-de hoⁿhoⁿ (noⁿtháde hoⁿhoⁿ) - temples of the head [Omaha]; noⁿ-tha-de hiⁿ-shku-be (noⁿthade hiⁿshkube) - sideburns [Omaha]

Dhegiha: tha-noⁿ-he (tha-nóⁿ-he) - temples; the side of the head around the temples [FL-Osage]; ya-haⁿ-he (yaháⁿhe) - temples, side of the head [Kaw]

 

temples, spotted temples

ta-te kde-zhe (ttátte kdéže) - spotted temples [JOD]

cf. ta-te (ttátte) - temple(s), side of the head; kde-zhe (kdéže) - spotted, speckled

 

ten

kde-bnaⁿ (kdébną), kde-bdaⁿ (kdebdą) - ten

kde-bnaⁿ (kdébną), kde-bdaⁿ (kdebdą) - ten [MS, MR, AB, FR, OM]

kde-bnaⁿ (gĕdēhbŏnāh) - 10 [GI]

kde-bnaⁿ (gdȁb’na), (gdȁ́bnĕ) - ten [ASG]

Dhegiha: gthe-ba (gthéba) - ten [Omaha/Ponca]; gthe-boⁿ (gthé-boⁿ) - ten [Omaha]; le-braⁿ (lébrą), le-bra (lébra) - ten [CQ-Osage]; gthe-bthoⁿ (gthé-bthoⁿ) - ten [FL-Osage]; le-blaⁿ (léblaⁿ), kle-blaⁿ (kléblaⁿ) - ten

 

ten apiece or ten at a time, by tens

kde-bdaⁿ naⁿ-naⁿ (kdébdąną́ną) - by tens, 10 apiece, 10 at a time

cf. kde-bnaⁿ (kdébną), kde-bdaⁿ (kdebdą) - ten; na-na (-naná), naⁿ-naⁿ (-ną́ną) - distributive of numerals

 

ten cents, dime

de-ska-de miⁿ-xti (déskade mį́xti) - dime [MS, OM]

cf. de-ska-de (déskade) - bit, 12 and a half cents; miⁿ-xti (mį́xti), mi-a-xti (míaxti) - one

 

tendon

a-koⁿ-ta (akkǫ́tta) - upper arm; large tendon in the arm of humans and monkeys and that of the foreleg in oxen, etc.

cf. a (a) - arm; koⁿ (kkǫ), kaⁿ (kką) - root of a plant; sinew, string, line

Dhegiha: a-kʰoⁿ-tʰa (ákʰoⁿtʰa) - the large tendon of the arm [Omaha/Ponca]; a-kʰoⁿ-tʰa koⁿ (ákʰoⁿtʰa kóⁿ) - the muscle of the arm [Omaha/Ponca]

Dhegiha: a-ʰkoⁿ(á-ḳoⁿ) - muscle of the arm [FL-Osage]; a-ʰkoⁿ (áaʰkǫ) - muscle [CQ-Osage]; a-kaⁿ (ákaⁿ) - muscle of the arm [Kaw]

 

tent peg

wa-hi-ska i-ti ba-za (wahíska ítti bazá) - tent peg

cf. wa-hi-ska i-ti (wahíska ítti) - canvas tent; canvas tipi; wa-hiⁿ (wahį́) - cloth; wa-hiⁿ-ska (wahį́ska) - calico; i-ti (ítti) - lodge or home made of; po-za (póza) - plant a post in the ground; zhoⁿ po-za (žǫ póza) - post, fence post

Dhegiha: ha-ska i-ʰtsi (ha-çka í-ṭsi) - tent of canvas [FL-Osage]; ha-ska i-ʰtsi (haaskáiʰci), ha-ska-ʰtsi (haaskáʰci) - tent, long arbor house, lit., “cloth house” [CQ-Osage]; ha-ski-tsi (haskíci), ha-ska i-tsi (haská ici) - tent, canvas lodge [Kaw]

Dhegiha: mu-za (mú-za) - to stick a stake or stick in the ground; to plant a post or posts [JOD-Omaha]; bo-za (bó-ça) - to plant a post in the ground; to place a pole in the ground [FL-Osage]; bo-za (bóza) - plant a post or stick in the ground; to plant a post or stick in the ground, either obliquely or perpendicularly, as a fence post; post, fence; marker, monument [Kaw]

 

tent pole

ti-shi (ttíši) - tent pole

cf. ti (tti) - house, tent, dwelling

ex: ti-shi tʰe (ttíši-tʰe) - the tent pole

Dhegiha: ti-shi (tíshi) - pole, tent pole [Omaha/Ponca]; ti-shi (ti shi) - tipi poles [Omaha]; ti-shi (t͓í-ci) - a tent pole, the poles of one tent or lodge [JOD-Omaha]; ʰtsi-shi (ṭsi-shi) - the poles that support the roof and sides of a house [FL-Osage]; tsi-shu (císhu), tsu-shu (cúshu) - tipi poles; tent poles, lodge poles [Kaw]

 

tent, canvas tent

wa-hi-ska i-ti (wahíska ítti) - canvas tent

wa-hiⁿ-ska i-ti (wahį́ska ítti) - tipi [MS]

wa-hi-ska i-ti (wahískwĭte, íti) - tent [ASG]

cf. wa-hiⁿ-ska (wahį́ska) - calico; wa-hiⁿ (wahį́) - cloth; ska (ska) - white; i-ti (ítti) - lodge or home made of

Dhegiha: ha-ska i-ʰtsi (ha-çka í-ṭsi) - tent of canvas [FL-Osage]; ha-ska i-ʰtsi (haaská iʰci) - tent, long arbor house, lit., ‘cloth house’ [CQ-Osage]; ha-ski-tsi (haskíci), ha-ska i-tsi (haská ici) - tent, canvas lodge [Kaw]

Dhegiha: wa-xiⁿ-ha ska (waqíⁿha ská) - white cotton or muslin [Omaha/Ponca]; wa-xiⁿ-ha ska (waxiⁿha çká) - muslin [Omaha]

 

tent, house, dwelling, lodge

ti (tti) - house, tent, dwelling, lodge

ti (tti) - house [MS, MR, AB]

ti (tih) - house, hut, shack (maison, cabane) [GI]

ti (ttí) - house [ASG]

ex: ti ska (tti ská) - white house [MR]

ex: ti wi-ta (tti wítta) - my house [MS]

ex: i-ti (ítti) - home which is of, made by, made of

ex: wa-hi-ska i-ti (wahíska ítti) - tent, canvas, “house of canvas/cloth”

ex: o-ti (ottí) - house for, house of, house to

ex: maⁿ-shi o-ki o-ti (mą́ši okkí ótti) - church, “house to talk above”

ex: wa-pi-na o-ti (wappína ótti) - council house of a gens

ex: shoⁿ-ke a-kniⁿ o-ti (šǫ́keáknį ottí) - stable, barn, “house for horses”

ex: ti koi-ke (tti kóike) - lodge/yonder ones [JOD]

ex: ti koi-ke, ni-xi-te ni-ka-we (tti kóike, niγítte nikáwe) - those lodges over there, they are disobedient [JOD]

ex: ti ke (tti ke) - lodge/the (pl.) in. objects [JOD]

ex: “i-naⁿ-paⁿ te na-ha! ti ke, ni-xi-te ni-ka-we,” i-yi iya (“ínąpą́ tté nahá! tti ke, niγítte nikáwe,” iyí iyá) - “you do not go second time! those lodges, they are disobedient,” it is said that she said [JOD]

ex: ti tʰe-ti hi-we (ttí tʰétti híwe) - lodge/to the/they arrived [JOD]

ex: a-ki-kniⁿ-xti ti tʰe-ti hi-we, i-ya (ákkiknį́xti ttí tʰétti híwe, iyá) - they went to the lodge, crowding together, sitting upon one another, it is said (they say) [JOD]

ex: ti tʰe-ta kʰi (tti tʰetta kʰi) - lodge/at the/reached home [JOD]

ex: e-shoⁿ, ti tʰe-ta kʰi naⁿ, i-ya (ešǫ́, tti tʰetta kʰi ną, iyá) - after sometime, he reached his home, it is said [JOD]

Dhegiha: ti (ti) - house, lodge, tent, tipi, dwelling [Omaha/Ponca]; ti (ti) - house, coop, building, shelter, cottage, barracks [Omaha]; ʰtsi (ṭsi) - house, dwelling, hovel [FL-Osage]; ʰtsi (ʰcí) - house, nest, camp, make camp [CQ-Osage]; tsi (ci) - tent, lodge, house [Kaw]

 

tent, to close the triangular ends of the tent skins forming the smoke-hole

ti-ho-kaⁿ a-ka-bniⁿ (ttíhokką ákabnį) - to close the triangular ends of the tent skins forming the smoke-hole

cf. ti-ho-kaⁿ (ttíhokką) - smoke hole; a-ka-bniⁿ (ákabnį) - cover, hang down evenly over an object; ti-ho-kaⁿ i-da-ka-bniⁿ (ttíhokką idákabnį) - smoke hole flaps

Dhegiha: ti-hu-koⁿ (tíhukoⁿ) - smoke hole at the top of a lodge [Omaha/Ponca]; ti-hu-koⁿ (ti hukoⁿ) - stovepipe, smoke hole, flue chimney [Omaha]; ʰtsi-hu-ʰkoⁿ (ṭsí-hu-ḳoⁿ) - smoke hole of a tent or lodge, smoke vent [FL-Osage]; tsi-ho-ka (cíhoka) - smoke hole of a lodge, chimney [Kaw]

Dhegiha: a-ga-bliⁿ (ágabliⁿ) - fasten the cover on something [Kaw]

Dhegiha: u-ga-bthi (ugábthi) - to blow into a tent or house, as snow does: said also of the wind when it blows down the ti-hu-koⁿ (tíhukoⁿ), forcing back the smoke [Omaha/Ponca]

 

tent, to live together in same tent

ti-kde (ttikdé) - to live together in same tent; to set up housekeeping; village, collection of lodges ti-kda-wi (ttíkdawi) - they

ex: mi-ka ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-naⁿ-pa ti-kde ni-kʰa (mikká maštį́ke enąpa ttíkde nikʰá) - raccoon and rabbit both lived together [JOD]

ex: ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-kaⁿ naⁿ-pa ti-kde ni-kʰa naⁿ i-ya (maštį́ke eką́ ną́pa ttikdé nikʰa ną iyá) - rabbit and his grandmother, the both of them lived together, it is said (they say) [JOD]

ex: wa-x’o to-wa ti-kde ni-kʰa naⁿ (waxʔó tówa ttíkde nikʰá ną) - four women were dwelling in a lodge [JOD]

ex: wa-x’o to-wa ti-kde ha-ki i-da-we, i-he (waxʔó tówa ttíkde hakí idáwe, ihé) - where have the four women that live together gone too, I say [JOD]

ex: ti-kde ta bde (ttikdé tta bdé) - I’m going to my house [OM]

ex: ti-kde miⁿ ti kʰi (ttíkde mį́-tti kʰí) - he arrived at one lodge [JOD]

ex: wa-sa ka-hi-ka niⁿ-kʰe a-ni koi-hi-de niⁿ-kʰe-ti ti-kde niⁿ-kʰe (wasá kahíke nįkʰé áni kóihidé-nįkʰétti ttíkde nįkʰé) - the black bear chief dwells in a lodge beyond yonder distant bluff [JOD]

ex: e-ti a-shka hi ti-kde e-ti-tʰaⁿ-zhi e-te te (étti ašká hi ttíkde ettítʰąží étte tté) - I wonder, is there not a lodge very near [JOD]

ex: hoⁿ tʰe-ti ti-kde ke o-ka-ki-xe-xti zhe, i-ya (hǫ tʰetti ttikdé ke okákixe-xti že, iyá) - that very night he dunged all around the lodges, it is said (they say) [JOD]

ex: wa-sa ti-kde ke-ti hi taⁿ (wasá ttikdé ke-tti hi tą) - when he arrived to the black bear lodges [JOD]

ex: wa-sa ti-kde ke-ti hi naⁿ (wasá ttikdé ke-tti hi ną) - when he arrived to the black bear village [JOD]

ex: wa-she-xti zho-ki-kde ti-kde ke (wašé-xti žókikde ttíkde ké) - very rich/with his/dwelt/the std. an. objects [JOD]

ex: koi-shoⁿ wa-she-xti zho-ki-kde ti-kde ke naⁿ, i-ya (kóišǫ́ wašé-xti žókikde ttíkde ké ną, iyá) - and then they lived very prosperously together, it is said [JOD]

ex: ti-kda-wi (ttíkdawi) - they dwelt in a lodge [JOD]

ex: i-shta-xe sh’a-ke e-ka-xnaⁿ niⁿ-kʰe e-naⁿ-pa ti-kda-wi (ištáxe šʔáke ekáxną nįkʰé enąp͓á ttíkdawí) - the frenchman and his wife, the both of them kept house [JOD)]

ex: ti-kde-kde (ttíkdekde) - different lodges [JOD]

ex: ti-kde-kde kʰe a-kde (ttíkdekde kʰe akdé ….) - I go home to the (line of standing) lodges

Dhegiha: ti-gthe (tígthe) - to live/dwell in a lodge [Omaha/Ponca]; ti-gthe (tigthe) - home [Omaha]; ʰtsi-gthe (ṭsí-gthe) - to reside; to dwell; to set up and keep house [FL-Osage]; ʰtsi-le (ʰcíle) - live, reside; make a home, set up a household, set up housekeeping; house, home, family [CQ-Osage]

 

tenth

i-kde-bdaⁿ (íkdebdą́) - tenth

cf. kde-bnaⁿ (kdébną), kde-bdaⁿ (kdebdą) - ten

Dhegiha: we-gthe-boⁿ (wégthebóⁿ) - the tenth time [Omaha/Ponca]; we-gthe-boⁿ (wégtheboⁿ) - tenth [Omaha]; we-gthe-bthoⁿ (wé-gthe-bthoⁿ) - the tenth [FL-Osage]; we-le-blaⁿ (wéleblaⁿ), we-kle-blaⁿ (wékleblaⁿ) - tenth [Kaw]

 

terminal, certain to die

t’e ki-ha (tʔé kihá) - certain to die, be terminal aⁿ-t’e aⁿ-ki-ha (ątʔé ąkíha) - I, di-t’e di-ki-ha (ditʔé dikíha) - you

cf. t’e (tʔe) - die; ki-ha (kihá) - finish, quit; t’e hoⁿ-ke (tʔéhǫké) - to be insensible, “almost or nearly dead”; t’e-xti (tʔéxti) - stone cold dead, “really or very dead”

Dhegiha: t’e (t’e) - to die, to be dead [Omaha/Ponca]; t’e (t’e) - dead; dead carcass; lifeless; die [Omaha]; ʰts’e (ṭs'e) - to die, decease, demise, defunct, to swoon, to faint [FL-Osage]; ts’e (cʔé) - die, death, the dead, dead person [CQ-Osage]; ts’e (ts’e) - dead, to die, be dead [Kaw]

 

terrapin, striped land turtle

ke kde-ze (kké kdéze) - turtle, terrapin [MS]

ke kde-ze (kké kdéze) - striped land turtle

cf. ke (kke) - turtle; kde-ze (kdezé) - striped

Dhegiha: ke gthe-ze (kégtheçe) - tortoise, striped turtle [Omaha]; ʰke gthe-ze (ḳe-gthé-çe) - box turtle, “striped turtle” [FL-Osage]; ke le-ze (kè léze) - striped turtle, a land turtle, the male of which has red eyes [Kaw]

 

test, try, attempt

i-k’i-te (íkʔitte) - try, test, attempt i-k’i-ta-i (íkʔitaí) - they

ex: i-k’i-ta-i (íkʔitaí) - they tried it on [JOD]

ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ hi naⁿ, mi-zhi-ka ke i-k’i-ta-i ke, i-ya, hoⁿ-pe (kóišǫ́ttą hí ną, mižiká ke íkʔitaí ke, iyá, hǫpé) - then when he arrived, the girls tried on the shoe [JOD]

ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ e-ti mi-zhi-ka za-ni hi i-k’i-ta-i taⁿ di-sh’a-wi (kóišǫ́ttą étti mižíka zaní hi íkʔitaí tą dišʔawi) - then, every single one of the girls there tried it and they failed [JOD]

Dhegiha: i-ʰk’u-tse (i-ḳ’u-tse), i-k’u-tsa (i-k’u-tsa), i-ʰk’u-te (i-ḳ’u-ta) - try; to risk; to test the taste [FL-Osage]; i-k’u-tse (íkʔuce) - try, make an effort, do one’s best, try one’s best, make one’s best effort; try to, strive to, risk, test, taste, try on, attempt; class, practice, practice session, workshop; study [CQ-Osage]

 

testicles, scrotum

shoⁿ-te (šǫté) - testicles, scrotum

ex: te-ska shoⁿ-te ni-ke (tteská šǫté niké) - ox, lit. “cow (white buffalo) without testicles”

ex: kʰi taⁿ ma-shtiⁿ-ke niⁿ wa-sa shoⁿ-te a-niⁿ a-taⁿ de, i-ya (kʰí-tą maštį́ke nį wasá šǫté anį́ attą́ dé, iyá) - when the rabbit returned home, he kept the black bear’s scrotum and left, it is said (they say) [JOD]

ex: ka-hi-ke taⁿ-ka t’e-di-ki-de ni-kʰa-she shoⁿ-te niⁿ-kʰe she iⁿ (kahíke ttą́ka tʔédikidé nikʰáše šǫté nįkʰe šé į) - you’all whose principal chief has been killed, here are the testicles [JOD]

Dhegiha: shoⁿ-de (shoⁿdé) - scrotum [Omaha/Ponca]; shaⁿ-de (can-dé) - the scrotum [JOD-Omaha]; shoⁿ-dse (shoⁿ-dsé) - the scrotum [FL-Osage]; shoⁿ-tse (šǫ́ce) - penis [CQ-Osage]; shoⁿ-je (shóⁿje) - testicles [Kaw]

 

than, do more than expected

ka-chʰaⁿ-he[-ną] (kkačʰą́he[-ną]) - do more than expected, with full verb

 

than, marry more than one wife

wa-knoⁿ-ke (wáknǫké) - marry more than one wife a-wa-knoⁿ-ke (awáknǫké) - I, wa-da-knoⁿ-ke (wadáknǫké) - you

cf. miⁿ-knaⁿ (mį́kną) - marry, take a wife, the male term for “to marry”; knoⁿ-ke (knǫké) - marry a woman; ki-knoⁿ-ke (kiknǫké) - marriage, married, marry

Dhegiha: wa-gthoⁿ-ge (wa-gthóⁿ-ge) - he has married them [FL-Osage]; wa-laⁿ-ge (waláⁿge) - marry, take a wife or wives [Kaw]

 

than, more than

a-ki-haⁿ (ákkihą) - more than, beyond, over

ex: iⁿ-chʰoⁿ mi-aⁿ-ba miⁿ a-ki-haⁿ a-kniⁿ (į́čʰǫ mią́ba mį́ ákkihą aknį́) - I have now been (here) over a month

Dhegiha: a-ki-haⁿ (á-ki-haⁿ) - beyond, more than, moreover [JOD-Omaha]; a-ʰki-hoⁿ (á-ḳi-hoⁿ) - to go beyond, to go beyond a certain place [FL-Osage]; a-ʰki-ha (áʰkiha), a-ʰki-haⁿ (áʰkihą) - beyond another thing, afterward, following, next [CQ-Osage]; a-ki-haⁿ (ákihaⁿ) - beyond, past in reference to place, in the distant past in reference to time [Kaw]

 

than, smaller than the others

a-ma-ka-ke (ámakaké) - smaller than the others [JOD]

cf. a-ma (áma) - the other one; used when two single objects are spoken of; one of two things; one of several; one to be chosen among many; other (one of two); ka-ke (káke) - those scattered objects

ex: iⁿ-spe a-ma-ka-ke a-ki-te naⁿ kde, i-ya-we (į́spe ámakaké ákitte ną́ kdé, iyáwe) - ax/smaller than the others/she took hers in her arm/when/she started homeward/they say [JOD]

Dhegiha: a-ma (áma) - the other one; used when two single objects are spoken of [Omaha/Ponca]; oⁿ-moⁿ (óⁿ-moⁿ) - one of two things [FL-Osage]; a-ma (áma), a-maⁿ (amą́), aⁿ-maⁿ (ą́mą) - one of several; one to be chosen among many; other (one of two) [CQ-Osage]

Dhegiha: ga-ge (gáge) - those things: referring to in. objects here and there, scattered, wherever they may be [Omaha/Ponca]; ga-ge (gáge) - these [FL-Osage]; ga-ge (gáge) - those plural/scattered/inanimate objects [Kaw]

 

than, we rather than others

oⁿ-ko-we-taⁿ (ǫkówettą) - we, rather than others

cf. wi-e-taⁿ (wíettą) - I, if it were I; di-e-taⁿ (díettą) - if it were you; had it been you

Dhegiha: wi-e-doⁿ (wíedoⁿ) - I, to the exclusion of others; I instead of others or another, I rather (than another); thi-e-doⁿ (thíedoⁿ) - you rather (than any one else); e-doⁿ (édoⁿ) - he rather (than any one else), he to exclusion of others [JOD-Omaha]

 

than, wider at one end than other

o-zi-ka (ozíkka) - wider at one end than other

cf. ba-zi-ka (bazíkka) - sharpen; bi-zi-ka (bizíkka) - sharpen by rubbing, hone; da-zi-ka (dazíkka) - chew to a point, sharpen; di-zi-ka (dizíkka) - sharpen; ka-zi-ka (kazíkka) - sharpen, as with an axe, whittle; ki-di-zi-ka (kídizíkka) - sharpen something for someone; kdi-zi-ka (kdizíkka) - sharpen pulling toward oneself; pa-zi-ka (pázikka) - whittle to a point; ta-zi-ka (tázikka) - burn to a point

 

thank you

ha-u (haú) - thanks! [JOD]

ha-u (hau) - yes, well, ho

ex: ha-u, ha-u, ha-u, wi-he (haú, hau, haú, wihé) - thanks! thanks! thanks! my younger sister [JOD]

Dhegiha: ho (hó), hau (hau) - thank you; in addressing a white man, it means “how are you”; in a council, it is often used as a sign of approval, as the English, “hear! hear!”; sometimes it is eq. to our, “well”; when it marks the beginning of a paragraph, it need not be translated; used in calling to a distant person [Omaha/Ponca]; ho (ho) - hello, male speech; yes [Kaw]

Dhegiha: ho-we (howé) - yes [FL-Osage]; ho-we (howé) - yes (men’s speech only) [CQ-Osage]; ho-we (howé) - yes, male speech; also, “well!, as a sentence launcher or salutation; “thank you”; masculine form for “hello” [Kaw]

 

ka-ni-ke (kaniké) - thank you

ka-ni-ke (kaniké) - thank you [MS, AG, OM]

ka-ni-ke (kaniké) - thanks! [JOD]

ka-ni-ke i (kâ-ni-ge-i) - thank you, more politely to a woman [LH]

ex: “ha-u, ka-ni-ke, wi-he,” i-ye (“haú, kaniké, wihé,” iyé) - well, thanks younger sister, he said [JOD]

ex: “ka-ni-ke,” i-ya taⁿ wa-di-ze niⁿ (“kaniké,” iyá-tą wadíze nį) - he said, “thanks!” when he took them [JOD]

 

shoⁿ-xti-e-ta (šǫxtíettá) - thanks, I thank you

ex: shoⁿ-xti-e-ta! (šǫxtíettá!) - thanks! [JOD]

ex: “shoⁿ-xti-e-ta! wi-zhiⁿ-de,” i-yi i-ya, maⁿ-tʰo zhi-ka o-po-shte niⁿ-kʰe (“šǫxtíettá! wižį́de,” iyí iyá mątʰó žíka opóšte nįkʰé) - “thank you! my elder brother!” it is said, the young Grizzly bear that remained after the shooting said [JOD]

 

we-shnaⁿ (wéšną) - thank someone we-a-shnaⁿ (weášną) - I, we-da-shnaⁿ (wedášną) - you

ex: we-shnaⁿ niⁿ (wéšną nį) - he’s thankful [JOD]

ex: we-shnaⁿ niⁿ-na (wéšną nį́ná) - she was thankful [JOD]

Dhegiha: we-shnaⁿ (wéc͓naⁿ) - to be pleased; to be grateful [JOD-Omaha]; we-shnoⁿ (wé-shnoⁿ) - grateful [FL-Osage]

Dhegiha: we-hnoⁿ (wéhnoⁿ) - grateful; thankful; gratitude [FL-Osage]; we-naⁿ (wéeną) - be thankful, grateful, or appreciative, be glad; be thankful or grateful for, be appreciative of, be glad about [CQ-Osage]; we-hnaⁿ (wéhnaⁿ) - be thankful, grateful, glad [Kaw]

 

 

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