English to Quapaw Dictionary

T

tabby cat - tall	Tall Chief - thank you	that - thaw	the - themselves
then - therefore	these - thirty	this - throwing	thrust - tin
tip - today	toe - trachea	track - tremble	tribal - twofold

 

these dual standing

► de-da-tʰe (dédatʰe) - these dual/standing/inanimate

► cf. de (de) - this; da-tʰe (datʰe) - dual/standing/inanimate/objects or collection; ka-da-tʰe (kádatʰe) - those dual/standing/invisible/inanimate; ko-i-da-tʰe (kóidatʰé) - those remote dual / standing / visible / inanimate; she-da-tʰe (šédatʰe) - those dual/standing/visible/inanimate objects; ko-wa-da-tʰe (kówadatté) - those dual / standing / inanimate or collections; to-wa-da-tʰe (tówadatʰé) - those dual/standing or collection/inanimate objects on this side

► Dhegiha: the-a-tʰe ((théatʰe) - these two standing inanimate objects; these two collection of inanimate objects [Omaha/Ponca]

 

these moving

► de-pa (dépa) - these moving/animate

► de-pa (dȁp’há) - Kwapa Indian, “these people moving around here” [ASG]

► cf. de (de) - this; a-pa (apa), pa (ppa) - the, definite article for plural/moving/animate objects; plural continuative aspect marker; ka-pa (kápa), (káppa) - those plural/moving/invisible/animate; koi-pa (kóipa) - those remote plural/moving/visible/animate; ko-wa-pa (kówapa) - those plural/moving/animate, yonder; she-pa (šépa), (šéppa) - those moving/visible/animate; to-wa-pa (tówapa) - those plural/moving/animate objects on this side

► ex: ni-ka-shi-ka de-pa (níkkašíka dépa) - people/these moving ones [JOD]

► ex: wi-te-ke, ni-ka-shi-ka de-pa she-do i-hi-we (wítteke, níkkašíka dépa šédo ihíwe) - uncle (my mother’s brother), over there are some Indians who are approaching [JOD]

► Dhegiha: the-ma (théma) - these persons [Omaha/Ponca]; the-a-ma (théama) - these [Omaha/Ponca]; the-a-ba (thé-a-ba) - these; with reference to people or animals [FL-Osage]; ye-a-ba (yéaba) - these: plural/moving/animate [Kaw]

 

these sitting or lying

► de-ni-kʰa (dénikʰá) - these sitting or lying/animate

► cf. de (de) - this; ni-kʰa (nikʰá) - 3^rd person plural continuative sitting; they who sit; they were (plural classifier); the reclining ones; ka-ni-kʰa (kánikʰa) - those plural/sitting or lying/invisible/animate; kaⁿ-ni-kʰa (ką́-nikʰá) - so they were awhile, so they had been awhile, so they were [JOD]; koi-ni-kʰa (kóinikʰá) - those remote sitting or lying/visible; ko-wa-ni-kʰa (kówanikʰá) - those plural/sitting or lying, yonder; she-ni-kʰa (šénikʰa) - those plural/sitting or lying/visible; shoⁿ-ni-kʰa (šǫ-nikʰá) - after they had been so awhile [JOD]; to-wa-ni-kʰa (tówanikʰá) - those plural/sitting or lying objects on this side

 

these standing

► de-ke (déke) - these standing/animate

► cf. de (de) - this; ke (ke) - the plural/standing/animate or plural/standing/inanimate

► Dhegiha: the-ge (thége) - these scattered inanimate objects (before us) [Omaha/Ponca]; the-ke (ðéeke) - these scattered [CQ-Osage]

 

they

► wa (wa) - things, stuff, people, folks, they, them

► Dhegiha: wa (wa) - a syllable used in different ways: a fragment pronoun denoting the plural animate object of verbs; them; a sign of the subject of an action [JOD-Omaha]; wa (wa) - things, stuff; people folks (indefinite; eliminates the need for a direct or indirect object); 3^rd person pl. patient pronominal (‘they’, subject of stative verb [can be omitted]; ‘them’, object of active verbs [CQ-Osage]; wa…api (wa…api), wa (wa) - 1^st person pl. patient pronominal (‘we’, subject of stative verbs; ‘us’, object of active verbs [CQ-Osage]; wa (wa) - things; a thing which [FL-Osage]; wa (wa) - “them”: plural object marker; the pronoun “we” in <S> conjugations [Kaw]

 

they, 3^rd person plural

► we (-we), a-we (-awe) - they, 3^rd person plural, pluralizer for verbs and noun phrases

► ex: i-ya-we (iyáwĕ), i-a-we (i-a-we) - they say, from i-ye (iyé), i-e (ié) - say + we (-we), a-we (-awe) - pluralizer for verbs and noun phrases

► ex: i-ta-we (ittáwe), e-ta-we (ettáwe) - their, theirs, from i-ta (ittá), e-ta (ettá) - his, hers, its + we (-we), a-we (-awe) - pluralizer for verbs and noun phrases

► ex: iⁿ-da, wi-te-ke, e-ta-we, di-da-tʰe ta-i-tʰe (įdá, wittéke, ettáwe, dídatʰé taitʰé) - my mother, my uncle, theirs (offspring), they will eat you [JOD]

► ex: wi-zhoⁿ-de wi-ti-to i-niⁿ-ha, shi-zhi-ka e-ta-we e-naⁿ-hi o-shte ke, wi-e naⁿ-hi naⁿ-haⁿ e-ti miⁿ-kʰe (wižǫ́de wittítto inįhá, šižíka ettáwe enąhí ošté ke, wíe nąhí nąhą́ ettí mįkʰé) - my elder sister and elder brother, their children are all that is left, I am the eldest [JOD]

► ex: xa-ka-we (γakáwe) - they cry, weep, from xa-ke (γaké) - cry, weep + we (-we), a-we (-awe) - pluralizer for verbs and noun phrases

► ex: wa-sa be-ni-zhi xa-ka-we (wasá béniži γakáwe) - everyone of the black bears cried [JOD]

► ex: ka-xa-we (káγawe) - they make, they made, from ka-xe (káγe) - make, do, cause + we (-we), a-we (-awe) - pluralizer for verbs and noun phrases

► ex: zho-hi ka-xa-we (žohí hi káγawe) - they made many [JOD]

► ex: ki-maⁿ-da-we (kímądawe) - they steal, they stole, from ki-maⁿ-da (kímąda) - steal something from someone + we (-we), a-we (-awe) - pluralizer for verbs and noun phrases

► ex: sho-ke-a-kniⁿ ki-maⁿ-da-we (šǫkeáknį kímądawe) - they stole his horse

► ex: da-we (dáwe) - they go, they went, from de (de) - go + we (-we), a-we (-awe) - pluralizer for verbs and noun phrases

► ex: haⁿ-tʰaⁿ-hi ni-ka wa-x’o i-da-kda-niⁿ ta-bde da-we (hą́tʰąhí níkka waxʔó idákdanį́ tábde dáwe) - once upon a time, a man and his woman went hunting [JOD]

► ex: shi-naⁿ wa-naⁿ-bde ki-ha naⁿ, to k’e da-we (šiną́ waną́bde kihá ną, tó kʔe dáwe) - when they finished eating, they went to dig potatoes again [JOD]

► ex: e-ti da-tʰe shoⁿ-niⁿ-kʰe taⁿ-niⁿ da-we (étti datʰé šǫ́-nįkʰé ttą́nį dáwe) - he sat there eating (the puppy) while they ran away’ (JOD)]

► Dhegiha: Kansa uses be (-be) or bi (-bi), and the Osage, pe (-pe) or pi (-pi), as a plural ending, where the Omaha and Ponka employ i (-i) [JOD-Omaha]; a-pi (-api), pi (-pi), a-pe (-ape), pe (-pe) - pluralizer of 1^st or 2^nd persons (‘we, ‘us’, ‘you’); pluralizer of imperative; pluralizer of 3^rd person; noncontinuative marjer for 3^rd person (sg. or pl.); marker of predicative noun-plus-adjective phrases [CQ-Osage]; be (-be) - plural marker; 3rd singular non-continuative marker; completed action (usually translated into English as past tense) [Kaw]; bi (-bi) - plural and 3rd singular marker used after í [Kaw]

 

► wi (-wi), a-wi (-awi), a-i (-ai) - they, 3^rd person plural, pluralizer in relative clauses

► ex: da-wi (dáwi) - they go, they went, from de (de) - go + a-wi (-awi) - pluralizer in relative clauses

► ex: o-xda-ti ho-ho-wi da-wi (oxdátti hohówi dawi) - they went into the brush barking [JOD]

► ex: ta-taⁿ za-ni hi ki-k’iⁿ aⁿ-taⁿ da-wi (táttą zaní hi kikʔį́ ą́tą dáwi) - she carried everything on her back when they went [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ naⁿ-zha a-ka-sa-ni taⁿ o-zha da-wi (kóišǫ́ttą ną́ža ákasáni tą óža dáwi) - and then the next morning they went to the dance [JOD]

► ex: ha-za-wi (házawí) - they fled, from ha-ze (háze) - run away, flee + a-wi (-awi) - pluralizer in relative clauses

► ex: o-zha-wi (óžawi) - they dance, from o-zha (óža) - dance + a-wi (-awi) - pluralizer in relative clauses

► ex: wa-jhi-ni kde ta zho-zhi-te e-naⁿ o-zha-wi koⁿ-bda (waǰíni kdé tta žožítte éną óžawi kkǫbdá) - you white people go home and us Indians dance all night (when the white people go home, I want just us Indians to dance)' (MS)]

► ex: aⁿ-baⁿ-wi (ąbą́wi) - they called me, from baⁿ (bą) - call, to halloo + wi (-wi) - pluralizer in relative clauses

► ex: ho-ho-wi (hohówi) - they barking, from ho-ho (hohó) - barking + wi (-wi) - pluralizer in relative clauses

► ex: o-xda-ti ho-ho-wi da-wi (oxdátti hohówi dawi) - they went into the brush barking [JOD]

► ex: da-i (daí) - they went, from de (de) - go + a-i (-ai) - pluralizer in relative clauses

► ex: e-shaⁿ-taⁿ da-i ke o-wa-di-bnaⁿ de (ešą́ttą daí ke ówadíbną dé) - then he smelled where they went

► ex: aⁿ-di-za-i (ądizaí) - they get it for me, from di-ze (dizé) - get, take, receive + a-i (-ai) - pluralizer in relative clauses

► ex: da-ta-i (dataí) - they called, from da-te (date) - read aloud, call or name something + a-i (-ai) - pluralizer in relative clauses

► ex: to-wa-i (tówaí) - they were four, from to-wa (tówa) - four + a-i (-ai) - pluralizer in relative clauses

► ex: miⁿ-taⁿ naⁿ-haⁿ to-wa-i (mį́tą nąhą́ tówaí) - the four of them grew up together [JOD]

► ex: da-ta-i ke (da-ta-í ké) - they stood eating, from da-tʰe (datʰé) - eat, chew + a-i (-ai) - pluralizer in relative clauses

► ex: kda-i (kdái) - they started home, from kde (kdé) - go home, to start homeward + a-i (-ai) - pluralizer in relative clauses [JOD]

► ex: e-taⁿ-iⁿ kda-i (ettą́nį kdá-i) - they started home first [JOD]

► Dhegiha: Kansa uses be (-be) or bi (-bi), and the Osage, pe (-pe) or pi (-pi), as a plural ending, where the Omaha and Ponka employ i (-i) [JOD-Omaha]; a-pi (-api), pi (-pi), a-pe (-ape), pe (-pe) - pluralizer of 1^st or 2^nd persons (‘we, ‘us’, ‘you’); pluralizer of imperative; pluralizer of 3^rd person; noncontinuative marjer for 3^rd person (sg. or pl.); marker of predicative noun-plus-adjective phrases [CQ-Osage]; be (-be) - plural marker; 3rd singular non-continuative marker; completed action (usually translated into English as past tense) [Kaw]; bi (-bi) - plural and 3rd singular marker used after í [Kaw]

 

they, 3^rd person plural continuative sitting

► ni-kʰa (nikʰa) - they, 3^rd person plural continuative sitting

► ni-kʰa (nikʰá) - they were (plural classifier) [JOD]

► ex: ni-ti ki naⁿ zha-we to-ka naⁿ-pa sa-ki-a ni-kʰa (nítti kí ną žáwe tóka nąpá sákiá nikʰa) - when he arrived at the water, there were two male beavers side by side [JOD]

► ex: da-tʰe ni-kʰa (datʰé nikʰá) - they were eating it [JOD]

► ex: wa-naⁿ-bde ni-kʰa (waną́bde nikʰá) - they were eating [JOD]

► ex: ma-shtiⁿ-ke wa-sa naⁿ-pa ni-kʰa o-wa-naⁿ, i-ya (maštį́ke wasá nąpá nikʰá ówaną, iyá) - the rabbit took hold of the two black bears, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: ma-shtiⁿ-ke wa-sa naⁿ-pa ni-kʰa o-wa-kye, i-ya (maštį́ke wasá nąpá nikʰá ówakye, iyá) - the rabbit spoke to the two black bears, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-kaⁿ naⁿ-pa ti-kde ni-kʰa naⁿ, i-ya (maštį́ke eką́ ną́pa ttikdé nikʰa ną, iyá) - rabbit and his grandmother, the both of them lived together, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: e sh’a-ke niⁿ-kʰe ki-ta-ni taⁿ e-zhaⁿ-ke e-ta taⁿ kaⁿ-tʰaⁿ (e šʔáke nįkʰé kitáni tą ežą́ke ettá tą ką-tʰą́) - he, the old man sat smoking, while his daughter stood [JOD]

► ex: wa-x’o to-wa ti-kde ni-kʰa naⁿ (waxʔó tówa ttíkde nikʰá ną) - four women were dwelling in a lodge [JOD]

► ex: mi-ka ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-naⁿ-pa ti-kde ni-kʰa (mikká maštį́ke enąpa ttíkde nikʰá) - raccoon and rabbit both lived together [JOD]

► ex: ka-xnaⁿ hi ni-kʰa (kaxną́ hí nikʰá) - they were camping while hunting, they were on a hunting expedition [JOD]

► ex: de-ni-kʰa (dénikʰá) - these sitting or lying/animate

► ex: ka-ni-kʰa (kánikʰa) - those plural/sitting or lying/invisiblev/animate

► ex: kaⁿ-ni-kʰa (ką́-nikʰá) - so they were awhile, so they had been awhile, so they were [JOD]

► ex: koi-ni-kʰa (kóinikʰá) - those remote sitting or lying/visible

► ex: ko-wa-ni-kʰa (kówanikʰá) - those plural/sitting or lying, yonder

► ex: she-ni-kʰa (šénikʰa) - those plural/sitting or lying/visible

► ex: shoⁿ-ni-kʰa (šǫ-nikʰá) - after they had been so awhile [JOD]

► ex: to-wa-ni-kʰa (tówanikʰá) - those plural/sitting or lying objects on this side

 

they, 3^rd person plural, continuative moving aspect marker

► a-pa (apa), pa (ppa) - continuative aspect marker, 3^rd person plural of niⁿ (nį) - continuative moving

► a-pa (apa) - the, definite article for plural/moving/animate objects

► ex: ni-ka-shi-ka-pa (níkkašikapa) - the (moving) people

► ex: ka-ki ke mi-zhi-ka ke xa-ke a-pa (kakí ke mižiká ke γaké ápa) - those girls were crying [JOD]

► ex: wa-sa-pa za-ni hi t’e-wa-de, i-ya (wasá-ppa zaní hi tʔéwade, iyá) - all of the black bears were killed, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: ma-kaⁿ-sha haⁿ da-taⁿ-wa-zhi, e-niⁿ-te iⁿ-chʰoⁿ taⁿ da-taⁿ pa (makką́ša hą dattą́waží, énįtté į́čʰǫ tą dattą́ ppa) - they didn’t drink coffee, though now they do [JOD]

► ex: pa naⁿ (ppá ną) - 3pl-past; 3d.pl. ending (classifier)-past sign' [JOD]

► ex: o-zha a-di-shtaⁿ ki-baⁿ o-bi-xoⁿ pa naⁿ (óža ádištą kibą obíγǫ pá ną) - they quit dancing when a flute was blown [JOD]

► ex: t’e ki-da-kniⁿ pa naⁿ (tʔe kidáknį pa ną) - they liked to die

► ex: koⁿ pa (kǫ ppá) - so-3d.pl. classifier, “so they were so” [JOD]

► ex: datʰe pa naⁿ (datʰé ppa ną) - they were eating-past sign [JOD]

► ex: t’e ki-da-kniⁿ pa naⁿ (tʔe kidáknį pa ną) - they liked to die

► ex: de-pa (dépa) - these moving/animate

► ex: ka-pa (kápa), (káppa) - those plural/moving/invisible/animate

► ex: koi-pa (kóipa) - those remote plural/moving/visible/animate

► ex: ko-wa-pa (kówapa) - those plural/moving/animate, yonder

► ex: she-pa (šépa), (šéppa) - those moving/visible/animate

► ex: to-wa-pa (tówapa) - those plural/moving/animate objects on this side

► Dhegiha: a-ma (amá) - the plural moving [JOD-Omaha]; a-pa (apa) - continuative aspect postverbal marker (indicating ongoing action or state in present, past, or future time) for 3^rd person sg. or pl. moving or absent subject [CQ-Osage]; a-ba (abá) - continuative he/she/it (animate), while moving or not within sight [Kaw]

 

thick

► sho-ka (šoká) - thick

► cf. a-ki-sho-ka (ákkišóka) - crowded, thick, dense, plentiful; di-sho-ka (dišoká) - roughen, to callous

► Dhegiha: shu-ga (shugá) - coarse, thick [Omaha/Ponca]; shu-ga (shuga) - thick [Omaha]; shu-ga (cu-gá) - coarse; thick: applied to solids [JOD-Omaha]; sho-ga (sho-gá) - thick, as applied to goods, skin, or any material [FL-Osage]; sho-ka (šooká) - thick [CQ-Osage]; sho-ga (shogá) - thick, hard [Kaw]; sho-ga (shóga) - thick; dense, as a forest [Kaw]

 

thick, crowded, dense, plentiful

► a-ki-sho-ka (ákkišóka) - crowded, thick, dense, plentiful

► cf. sho-ka (šoká) - thick; di-sho-ka (dišoká) - roughen, to callous

► ex: wa-jhi-ni a-ki-sho-ka ma-zhaⁿ-ti o-kniⁿ wi-ke (waǰíni ákkišoka mažą́tti oknį́ wiké) - the Americans are very plentiful

► Dhegiha: a-kʰi-shu-ga (ákʰishúga) - thick, as leaves on the ground; dense, crowded, as houses placed close together within a certain space [Omaha/Ponca]; a-ki-shu-ga (aki shuga) - dense [Omaha]; a-kʰi-sho-ga (á-ḳi-sho-ga) - dense, density, dense crowd, a dense forest [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: shu-ga (shugá) - coarse, thick [Omaha/Ponca]; shu-ga (shuga) - thick [Omaha]; shu-ga (cu-gá) - coarse; thick: applied to solids [JOD-Omaha]; sho-ga (sho-gá) - thick, as applied to goods, skin, or any material [FL-Osage]; sho-ka (šooká) - thick [CQ-Osage]; sho-ga (shogá) - thick, hard [Kaw]; sho-ga (shóga) - thick; dense, as a forest [Kaw]

 

thicket, bushes, brush

► o-xda (oxdá) - thicket, bushes

► o-xda (oxdá) - brush [JOD]

► o-xda (oxtá) - bush [ASG]

► ex: o-xda-ti (oxdátti) - into the brush [JOD]

► ex: o-xda-ti siⁿ-te saⁿ-haⁿ i-da-de i-de (oxdátti sį́tte są́hą idáda idé) - he (rabbit) departed, his whitish tail being seen/showing off and on in the brush [JOD]

► ex: o-xda-ti ho-ho-wi da-wi (oxdátti hohówi dawi) - they went into the brush barking [JOD]

► Dhegiha: u-xtha-be (uxthábe) - forest, timber, in the woods [Omaha]; o-xtha-be (o-xtha-be), u-xtha-be (u-xthá-be) - thicket, a dense forest, a grove, woods [FL-Osage]; o-xla-be (oxlábe) - brush, bushes, undergrowth, a thicket [Kaw]

 

thicket, to start out of a thicket by running

► naⁿ-zhi-we (nąžíwe) - to start out of a thicket by running [JOD]

► naⁿ-zhi-we (nąžíwe) - drive, flush out with the feet ► a-naⁿ-zhi-we (aną́žiwe) - I, da-naⁿ-zhi-we (daną́žiwe) - you

► cf. naⁿ (naⁿ) - by action of the foot; ba-zhi (baží) - drive something or someone off; ba-zhi de-de (baží déde) - scare out, flush out; wa-ba-zhi (wábaží) - drive them off [MS, FR]

► ex: naⁿ-zhi-we (nąžíwe) - he started out of a thicket by running [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ-tʰaⁿ-hi, ta miⁿ naⁿ-zhi-we, i-ya (hǫ́tʰąhi, tta mį nąžíwe, iyá) - After a while, he (Rabbit) flushed out a deer, it is said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ga-zhiⁿ (ga-zhíⁿ) - to drive a team of horses or an automobile [FL-Osage]; ka-zhi (kaaží), ka-zhiⁿ (kaažį́) - drive a vehicle, herd animals; make or force someone to do something, commnd someone to do something; blow with force [CQ-Osage]; ga-zhiⁿ (gazhíⁿ) - whip, drive a horse; blow to nose [Kaw]

 

thickly, covered thickly with

► wa-ki-za ni-ke (wakkíza niké) - covered thickly with, “lacking a bare spot” ► wa-ki-za aⁿ-ni-ke (wakkíza ą́nike) - I’m

► cf. wa-ki-za (wakkíza) - space, bare spot; ni-ke (niké) - to have none, be lacking

► ex: bnaⁿ-se wa-ki-za aⁿ-ni-ke (bną́se wakkíza ą́nike) - I’m covered with smallpox

► Dhegiha: ki-za (kíza) - open forest, trees without undergrowth, including tall grass, sunflowers, etc. [Omaha/Ponca]; ki-ki-za (kíkiza) - clear patches, places here and there where one can see distant things, as the fog breaks away [Omaha/Ponca]

 

thief, who steals habitually

► wa-maⁿ-da-shtaⁿ (wamą́daštą́) - thief, who steals habitually

► cf. wa-moⁿ-da (wamǫ́da) - to steal, to steal things; maⁿ-da (mądá), moⁿ-da (mǫdá) - steal something; shtaⁿ (štą) - habitual

► Dhegiha: wa-maⁿ-thaⁿ-shtaⁿ (wa-máⁿ-¢aⁿ-ctáⁿ) - a thief [JOD-Omaha]; wa-moⁿ-thoⁿ-shtoⁿ (wa-móⁿ-thoⁿ-shtoⁿ) - one who is in the habit of stealing; a thief [FL-Osage]; wa-maⁿ-thoⁿ-shtaⁿ (wamą́ąðǫštą) - thief, robber [CQ-Osage]; wa-moⁿ-yoⁿ-shtaⁿ (wamóⁿyoⁿshtaⁿ) - thief [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: moⁿ-thoⁿ (moⁿthoⁿ) - kidnap; abduct [Omaha]; moⁿ-thoⁿ (moⁿ-thóⁿ) - to steal; filch; or rifle [FL-osage]; maⁿ-thoⁿ (mąąðǫ́) - steal [CQ-Osage]; moⁿ-yoⁿ (moⁿyóⁿ), maⁿ-yaⁿ (maⁿyáⁿ) - to steal [Kaw]

 

thigh bone, femur

► de-ta-ba-ko wa-hi (déttabakkó wahí) - femur, thigh bone

► cf. de-ta (détta) - upper part of leg; ba-ko (bakkó) - bent; de-ta-ba-ko (déttabakkó) - leg above the knee, thigh; wa-hi (wahí) - bone; de-ta-ba-kaⁿ (déttabákką) - front part of upper leg

 

thigh, leg above the knee

► de-ta-ba-ko (déttabakkó) - leg above the knee, thigh

► cf. de-ta (détta) - upper part of leg; de-ta-ba-kaⁿ (déttabákką) - front part of upper leg; de-ta-ba-ko wa-hi (déttabakkó wahí) - femur, thigh bone

 

thin

► bde-ka (bdékka) - thin

► cf. wa-bde-ka (wabdékka) - ribbon [MS]; wa-bde-ka (wabdékka) - male ribbon headdress

► Dhegiha: bthe-ka (bthéka) - thin [Omaha/Ponca]; bthe-ka (btheka) - thin [Omaha]; bthe-ʰka (bthé-ḳa) - thin [FL-Osage]; bre-ʰka (bréʰka) - lean, thin [CQ-Osage]; ble-ka (bléka) - be thin [Kaw]

 

thin strips, slice meat into thin strips on something

► a-ka (áka) - cut (slice) on something; slice meat into thin strips on something ► a-a-ka (áaka) - I, a-da-ka (ádaka) - you, oⁿ-ka-ka-we (ǫ́kakawe) - we

► Dhegiha: a-ga (ága) - cut an object into thin slices or strips on something [Omaha/Ponca]; a-ga (á-ga) - to slice meat for drying [FL-Osage]

 

thing

► see that

 

thing, give away one thing

► ka-de (kadé) - give away one thing ► a-de (áde) - I give away, da-de (dáde) - you give away, oⁿ-ka-da-we (ǫkádawe) - we give away

► ka-de (kadé) - give away something [OM]

► cf. wa-ka-de (wakáde) - give objects to someone not kin

► Dhegiha: gathé) - to divide with; to give away any thing; to part with in order to give to another; to make an offering or sacrifice [Omaha/Ponca]; ga-the (gathe) - give [Omaha]; da-doⁿ ga-the (dá-doⁿ ga-the) - to donate, to give away, to contribute [FL-Osage]; ka-the (kaaðée) - give away, pass or give away, e.g., the drum at i-loⁿ-shka (ilǫ́ǫška) dances [CQ-Osage]

 

thing, something

► ta-taⁿ (táttą), ta-toⁿ (táttǫ) - what, something

► ex: ta-taⁿ hi-te (táttą hitté) - some kind or other, whatever [JOD]

► ex: wa-hiⁿ-ska ta-taⁿ hi-te ho-taⁿ iⁿ a-wi-ki-bniⁿ a-kdi te a (wahį́ska táttą hitté hóttą į́ áwikíbnį akdí tte á) - I will bring you (my own daughter) back some kind of really good calico cloth [JOD]

► ex: ta-taⁿ ho-taⁿ hi (táttą hottą́ hi) - something very good [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ kaⁿ-iⁿ kda-i taⁿ ta-taⁿ ho-taⁿ hi zhaⁿ-pi-zhi o-zhi taⁿ ki-k’i (kóišǫ́ttą ką́į kdá-i tą táttą hottą́ hi žąppíži oží tą kikʔí) - so then when they (the other girls) went back, he gave his own (his daughter) a wooden box filled with something very good [JOD]

► ex: ta-taⁿ-zhi (táttąží) - nothing, “what, something+not, negation”

► ex: wi-zhiⁿ-de, ta-taⁿ bdi-za-zhi hi (wižį́de, táttą bdízaži hí) - elder brother, I have taken nothing at all [JOD]

► ex: ta-taⁿ za-ni (ttátą zaní) - everything, “what, something+all” [JOD]

► ex: ta-taⁿ za-ni hi ki-k’iⁿ aⁿ-taⁿ da-wi (táttą zaní hi kikʔį́ ą́tą dáwi) - she carried everything on her back when they went [JOD]

► ex: e-ti ta-taⁿ e (etti táttą e) - is there anything else? [JOD]

► ex: “di-te-ke ta-taⁿ naⁿ-pe ni-ke hi,” i-yi i-ya wa-x’o-zhi-ka niⁿ-kʰe (“dítteke táttą ną́ppe niké hi,” iyí iyá waxʔóžiká nįkʰé) - “your uncle (your mother’s brother) fears nothing whatsoever,” it is said the old woman said [JOD]

► ex: hoo’a! ta-taⁿ hi wa-zhoⁿ-iⁿ ni-wa-de! (hooʔá! táttą hi wážǫį́ níwade!) - really! this is indeed something hateful! [JOD]

► ex: “wi-zhiⁿ-de, ta-taⁿ bdi-za-zhi hi,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“wižį́de, táttą bdízaži hí,” iyí iyá maštį́ke) - “my elder brother, I have taken nothing at all,” it is said Rabbit said [JOD]

► ex: ta-taⁿ da-tʰe tʰe niⁿ-ke-hi-wi (táttą datʰé tʰe nįkéhiwí) - they had nothing to eat, “something to eat, they were really lacking” [JOD] 

► ex: haⁿ, naⁿ-pi-aⁿ-hi miⁿ-kʰe, ta-taʰ bda-tʰe niⁿ-haⁿ (hą, ną́ppią́hi mįkʰé, táttą bdatʰé nįhą́) - yes, I’m hungry, what can I eat? [JOD]

► ex: “wi-ti-mi, wi-te-ke ta-taⁿ naⁿ-pe niⁿ e?” (“wíttimí, wittéke táttą ną́ppe nį́ e?”) - “aunt (my father’s sister), what does uncle (my mother’s brother) fear?” [JOD]

► ex: “ta-taⁿ naⁿ o-te niⁿ e tʰoⁿ?” i-niⁿ-aⁿ i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“táttą ną otté nį e tʰǫ́?” ínįą́ iyá maštį́ke) - “just what can he be looking for?” thought the rabbit, it is said [JOD]

► ex: ta-toⁿ shkoⁿ-ta (táttǫ škǫ́tta) - what/you desire [JOD]

► ex: ta-toⁿ shkoⁿ-ta (táttǫ škǫttá) - what do you want? [OM]

► ex: ta-taⁿ shka-xe ni-kʰe (táttą škáγe nikʰé) - what are you making? [MS]

► ex: ta-taⁿ zha-zhe a-tiⁿ (táttą žáže attį́) - what’s your name? [MS]

► ex: ta-taⁿ wa-zhiⁿ-ka e-tʰaⁿ (táttą wažį́ka etʰą) - what kind of bird is this? [JOD]

► ex: ta-taⁿ ti-ze e (táttą ttizé e) - what have you taken? [JOD]

► Dhegiha: da-daⁿ (dádaⁿ) - what?; something, a thing [JOD-Omaha]; da-doⁿ (dádoⁿ) - what, interrogation [FL-Osage]; ta-taⁿ (táatą) - what (interrogative), thing(s), anything, something, what, whatever (indefinite or relative), what kind, what sort, what type, what class of (interrogative), do what (interrogative) [CQ-Osage]; da-daⁿ (dádaⁿ) - what, something, thing, things [Kaw]

 

things

► see those, these

 

things, by yonder things

► she-ke-ti (šekétti) - by yonder things [JOD]

► she-ke-ti (šekétti) - by those standing objects

► cf. she (shé) - that [JOD]; ke (ke) - the plural/standing/animate or plural/standing/inanimate; the scattered; she-ke (šéke) - those non-singular/standing/animate or inanimate objects; ti (tti) - at, by, in; locative

► ex: she-ke-ti (šekétti) - by yonder things [JOD]

► ex: she-ke-ti kniⁿ! (šekétti knį́!) - sit over there by those things! [JOD]

 

things, different things

► e-zhi-naⁿ-naⁿ (éžiną́ną) - different things, different

► cf. e-zhi (éži) - another, different; na-na (-naná), naⁿ-naⁿ (-ną́ną) - distributive of numerals;

► Dhegiha: a-zhi (azhi) - strange [Omaha]; e-zhi (é-zhi) - not that kind [FL-Osage]; e-zhi (éezhi) - odd, unusual, of a different kind, inappropriate, unsuitable, different, other, otherwise, strange [CQ-Osage]; e-zhi (ézhi) - other, different, another [Kaw]

 

things, those things

► ko-i-de (koíde) - those things [JOD]

► cf. ko-i-da-tʰe (kóidatʰé) - those remote dual/standing/visible/inanimate; ko-i-hi-de-niⁿ-kʰe (kóihidénįkʰe) - that remote singular/sitting/visible; ko-i-ke (kóike) - those remote plural/standing/visible/animate; ko-i-kʰe (kóikʰe) - that remote singular/lying/visible/animate or inanimate; ko-i-ni-kʰa (kóinikʰá) - those remote sitting or lying/visible; ko-i-niⁿ (kóinį) - that remote singular/moving/visible/animate; ko-i-pa (kóipa) - those remote plural/moving/visible/animate; ko-i-she (koišé) - that [JOD]; ko-i-tʰaⁿ (kóitʰą) - that remote singular/standing/visible/animate; ko-i-tʰe (kóitʰe) - that remote singular/standing/visible/inanimate

 

think (what precedes)

► i-niⁿ-aⁿ (ínįą́) - think (what precedes) ► i-bniⁿ-aⁿ (íbnįą́) - I, i-tiⁿ-aⁿ (íttįą́) - you

► cf. i-di-kdaⁿ (ídikdą), i-di-knaⁿ (ídikną) - think, decide, form an opinion, plan; thoughtfully, deliberately

► ex: i-bniⁿ-aⁿ taⁿ i-ye aⁿ-ta-zho-zhi de (íbnį́ą tą́ íye ą́ttažóži dé) - I think so/as/words/you injure me with your mouth/really [JOD]

► ex: “i-di-na-zhiⁿ di-taⁿ i-bniⁿ-aⁿ taⁿ i-ye aⁿ-ta-zho-zhi de,” i-yi i-ya maⁿ-tʰo (“ídinážį dittą́ íbnį́ą tą́ íye ą́ttažóži dé,” iyí iyá mątʰó) - I think that you speak so improperly to me on account of you depending on someone to help you,” it is said Grizzly bear said.

 [JOD]

► ex: shoⁿ-ke-a-kniⁿ a-ni a-shi tʰaⁿ, i-bniⁿ-aⁿ (šǫ́keaknį áni áši tʰą́, íbnįą́) - I think the horse is standing on the hill

► ex: i-tiⁿ-aⁿ (íttįą́) - you think [JOD]

► ex: i-niⁿ-aⁿ i-ya sni-wa-te (ínįą́ iyá sniwátte) - thought/they say/winter

► ex: “ni-ka-shi-ka niⁿ si-si a-ta-ha e-naⁿ,” i-niⁿ-aⁿ i-ya sni-wa-te (“níkkašíka nį sisí áttaha éną,” ínįą́ iyá sniwátte) - “that person is extremely active!” thought Winter, it is said [JOD]

► ex: i-niⁿ-aⁿ i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (ínįą́ iyá maštį́ke) - thought/they say/rabbit [JOD]

► ex: “haⁿ-e-taⁿ? e-ti bde te,” i-niⁿ-aⁿ i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“hą́ettą́? étti bdé tté,” ínįą́ iyá maštį́ke) - “why is this? I will go there,” thought Rabbit, it is said [JOD]

► ex: i-niⁿ-aⁿ (inįą́) - he thought it [JOD]

► ex: ma-shtiⁿ-ke niⁿ-kʰe, “bde ta miⁿ-kʰe,” i-niⁿ-aⁿ i-ya (maštį́ke nįkʰé, “bdé tta mįkʰé,” inįą́ iyá) - the rabbit thought, “I will go,” it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: i-niⁿ-aⁿ i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (ínįą́ iyá maštį́ke) - thought/they say/rabbit [JOD]

► ex: “ta-taⁿ naⁿ o-te niⁿ e tʰoⁿ?” i-niⁿ-aⁿ i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“táttą ną otté nį e tʰǫ́?” ínįą́ iyá maštį́ke) - “just what can he be looking for?” thought the rabbit, it is said [JOD]

► ex: i-we-niⁿ-aⁿ (iwénįą́) - he thought about them [JOD]

► ex: ni-ka-shi-ka-we i-we-niⁿ-aⁿ taⁿ-ha, i-ya (níkkašíka-we iwénįą́ tą́ha, iyá) - because he thought it was the people, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: i-niⁿ-aⁿ-we (inįą́we) - they thought [JOD]

► ex: haⁿ-ka e-zhiⁿ-ke ha kʰe o-di-shto-te o-ba-haⁿ a-taⁿ ma-xi-wa-de tʰaⁿ i-ya-we, haⁿ-ka e-zhiⁿ-ke i-niⁿ-aⁿ-we ke i-ya-we, ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-tʰaⁿ i-ya-we (hą́ka ežį́ke há kʰe odíštotte obáhą attą́ maγíwadé tʰą́ iyáwe, hą́ka ežį́ke etʰą́ inįą́we ké iyáwé, maštį́ke etʰą́ iyáwe) - he skinned Haⁿ-ka’s son, put on his skin and tricked them, they thought that rabbit was Haⁿ-ka’s son, they say [JOD]

 

think oneself able to do something

► a-ki-zhoⁿ-i-ne tʰaⁿ-ha (ákkižǫ́ine tʰą́ha), a-ki-zhaⁿ-i-ne tʰaⁿ-ha (ákkižą́ine tʰą́ha) - think oneself able to do something ► a-a-ki-zhaⁿ-miⁿ e-tʰaⁿ-ha (áakkižą́mį etʰą́ha), a-a-ki-zhoⁿ-me tʰaⁿ-ha (áakkižǫ́me tʰą́ha) - I, a-da-ki-zhoⁿ-naⁿ tʰaⁿ-ha (ádakkižǫ́ną tʰą́ha), a-da-ki-zhaⁿ-niⁿ tʰaⁿ-ha (ádakkižą́nį tʰą́ha) - you, oⁿ-ka-ki-zhaⁿ-we tʰaⁿ-ha (ǫ́kakkižą́we tʰą́ha) - we

► cf. a-zhaⁿ (ážą) - think, regard one as being; a-zhiⁿ (ážį) - think, regard; to treat as

► ex: a-a-ki-zhaⁿ-me tʰaⁿ-ha (áakkižą́me tʰą́ha) - I think about myself that I am able to do it [JOD]

► ex: e-a-wa-ki-k’oⁿ, ta-taⁿ o-a-ki-kʰe-taⁿ aⁿ-naⁿ-na-ska a-a-ki-zhaⁿ-me tʰaⁿ-ha (eáwakkikʔǫ́, táttą oákkikʰettą́ ąną́naska áakkižą́me tʰą́ha) - I do something for myself/what/I aquire for myself/I am large enough/I think about myself that I am able to do it [JOD]

► ex: e-a-wa-ki-k’oⁿ, ta-taⁿ o-a-ki-kʰe-taⁿ aⁿ-naⁿ-na-ska a-a-ki-zhaⁿ-me tʰaⁿ-ha (eáwakkikʔǫ́, táttą oákkikʰettą́ ąną́naska áakkižą́me tʰą́ha) - I’ll do something for myself; I am old enough to get things for myself, I believe

 

think well of

► ho-taⁿ a-zhaⁿ-i (hóttą ažą́i) - love someone, think well of ► ho-taⁿ a-a-zhaⁿ (hóttą áažą) - I, ho-taⁿ a-da-zhaⁿ- (hóttą ádažą) - you

► cf. ho-taⁿ (hóttą) - good; a-zhaⁿ (ážą) - think, regard one as being; a-zhiⁿ (ážį) - think, regard; to treat as

► Dhegiha: tha-gthiⁿ a-zhiⁿ (thágthiⁿ a-zhiⁿ) - to think well of a person or thing [FL-Osage]; ya-liⁿ a-zhiⁿ (yáliⁿazhiⁿ) - love someone, lit. “to think good of someone” [Kaw]

 

► ho-taⁿ-de (hóttąde) - love, think well of ► ho-taⁿ-a-de (hóttąadé) - I, ho-taⁿ-da-de ((hóttądadé) - you

► cf. ho-taⁿ (hóttą) - good; de (de) - make, have or make someone do something, cause something to happen to someone or something

 

think, decide, form an opinion, plan; thoughtfully, deliberately

► i-di-kdaⁿ (ídikdą), i-di-knaⁿ (ídikną) - think, decide, form an opinion, plan; thoughtfully, deliberately ► i-bdi-kdaⁿ (íbdikdą) - I, i-ti-kdaⁿ (íttikdą) - you

► cf. di-knaⁿ (dikną́), di-kdaⁿ (dikdą) - try, make effort; to decide, to plan

► ex: i-ti-knaⁿ (íttikną) - you plan, you decide [JOD]

► ex: i-di-knaⁿ ni-ka (íd^¢ik͓naⁿ́ niká) - they were deciding [JOD]

► ex: i-di-knaⁿ ni-kʰa (ídikną́ nikʰá) - they were deciding [JOD]

► ex: i-ki-di-kdaⁿ hne (íkidikdą hné) - slow, go easy [MS]

► ex: i-di-kdaⁿ tʰaⁿ-he (ídikdą tʰą́he) - be wise

► ex: i-di-knaⁿ hi o-tʰiⁿ (idikną hi otʰį) - to hit an object softly or carefully

► ex: wa-di-kdaⁿ ska (wadikdą ska) - wise, sensible

► ex: wa-di-kdaⁿ toⁿ (wadikdą ttǫ) - be wise, have sense

► ex: miⁿ di-kdaⁿ (mį díkdą) - consider marriage to a woman

► Dhegiha: i-thi-gthoⁿ (íthigthoⁿ) - slowly, deliberately, slowly and deliberately [Omaha/Ponca]; i-thi-gthoⁿ (ithigthoⁿ) - thought, idea [Omaha]; i-thi-gthaⁿ (í¢ig¢aⁿ) - decide [JOD-Omaha]; i-thi-gthoⁿ (í-thi-gthoⁿ) - slowly, or at a slow pace [FL-Osage]; i-thi-gthoⁿ (í-thi-gthoⁿ) - to think, to consider, to study, to contemplate, in his thoughts; slowly, or at a slow pace [FL-Osage]; i-thi-laⁿ (íðilą) - think about; have on one’s mind; want, wish [CQ-Osage]; i-yu-laⁿ (íyulaⁿ) - proceed carefully (deliberately), decide, form an opinion, judge [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: wa-thi-gthoⁿ (wathigthoⁿ) - brain, mind [Omaha]; wa-thi-gthaⁿ (wa¢íg¢aⁿ) - plan; to rule; one who prophesies [JOD-Omaha]; wa-thi-gthoⁿ (wa-thí-gthoⁿ) - intellect; sense; sound judgment; mind [FL-Osage]; wa-thi-gthaⁿ (waðílą) - think things; think about, think on, ponder, muse about; mind, brain, thought, soul, thinking [CQ-Osage]; wa-yu-laⁿ (wayúlaⁿ) - think about something, plan, judge; a plan, thoughts, ideas; mind [Kaw]

 

think, regard

► a-zhaⁿ (ážą) - think, regard one as being ► a-zhaⁿ-miⁿ (ážąmį́) - I, a-da-zhaⁿ (ádažą) - you, oⁿ-ka-zhaⁿ-we (ǫ́kažąwe) - we

► a-zhiⁿ (ážį) - think, regard; to treat as ► a-zhaⁿ-miⁿ (ážąmį), a-a-zhiⁿ (áažį), a-zhoⁿ (ážǫ) - I, a-da-zhiⁿ (ádažį) - you, oⁿ-ka-zhiⁿ-we (ǫ́kažįwe), aⁿ-ka-zhaⁿ-i (ąkážąi) - we

► ex: ho-taⁿ a-zhaⁿ-i (hóttą ažą́i) - love someone, think well of

► ex: oⁿ-hi a-zhiⁿ (ǫhí ážį) - respect, treat as honorable

► ex: oⁿ-hi a-wi-zha-miⁿ (ǫhí áwižamį́) - I honor you

► ex: ni-ka-shi-ka e a-zha-miⁿ (níkkašika e ážamį) - I treat him as a human being

► ex: a-zho-wa hi pʰi a-ni-he, so-te a-ni-he, aⁿ-xde te a-zhaⁿ-niⁿ (ažowá hi pʰí aníhe, sótte aníhe, ą́xde tte ažąmį́) - I was coming as fast as possible, I was moving fast, I thought he was going to overtake me [JOD]

► ex: “i-da-xa naⁿ o-do-tʰe aⁿ-naⁿ-de te a-zha-miⁿ, i-da-xa-zhi,” i-yi (“idáxa ną ódotʰe ąną́de tte ážąmį́, idáxa-ží,” iyí) - “I thought, if I laugh the man eater will see/find me, I didn't laugh,” she said [JOD]

► ex: wa-x’o niⁿ-kʰe i-xa koⁿ-da niⁿ-kʰe e-ni-te o-do-tʰe aⁿ-naⁿ-de te a-zha-miⁿ i-da-xa-zhi (waxʔó nįkʰe íxa kǫ́da nįkʰe énitte, ódotʰe ąną́de tte ážąmį idáxa-ži) - the woman wanted to laugh, although she thought he will see/find me, I won't laugh [JOD]

► ex: “shaⁿ-iⁿ-te iⁿ-spe i-ba-shte a-zhaⁿ-miⁿ,” i-yi (šą́įtte į́spe íbašte ážąmį́,” iyí) - well, I think it was accidentally split by falling against an axe, he said [JOD]

► ex: aⁿ-t’e ta miⁿ-kʰe a-zhaⁿ-miⁿ shoⁿ-hi-te (ątʔe tta mįkʰe ažąmį́ šǫ́hitte) - at any rate, I think I will be dead/die [JOD]

► ex: “naⁿ-pe-hi-xti niⁿ a-zha-miⁿ,” i-yi i-ya sni-wa-te (nąppéhi-xti nį́ ážąmį́,” iyí iyá sniwátte) - “I think that he (Rabbit) is very hungry,” it is said Winter said [JOD]

► ex: “he-be wa-da-ki-tiⁿ shi a-zhaⁿ-miⁿ,” i-yi i-ya (“hébe wádakittį́ ší ážąmį́,” iyí iyá) - “I think that you took a piece for someone,” it is said he said [JOD]

► ex: “ko-i-she aⁿ-ki-oⁿ a-zhaⁿ-miⁿ, e-ta-ni wi-ta,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-zhiⁿ-ke niⁿ-kʰe (“kóiše ą́kiǫ́ ážąmį́, ettáni wítta,” iyí iyá maštį́ke ežį́ke nįkʰe) - I think that he has been treating my kinsman so,” it is said the Rabbit’s son said

► ex: “hoⁿ! e-koⁿ zha-miⁿ,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“hǫ! ekǫ́ žąmį́,” iyí iyá maštį́ke) - “yes! I thought so,” it is said rabbit said [JOD]

► ex: miⁿ-da-kʰe de, e-de a-zhaⁿ (mį́dakʰe dé, edé ažą́) - I think you are telling the truth [JOD]

► ex: haⁿ aⁿ-da-zhaⁿ e (hą́ ądážą e) - what do you think about my case?

► ex: miⁿ-kʰe aⁿ-da-zhaⁿ-zhi tʰe a-zhaⁿ-miⁿ (mį́kʰe ądážąži tʰe ážąmį) - I do not think that you believe me

► ex: a-ki-zhaⁿ (akižą́) - she thought about herself [JOD]

► ex: o-do-tʰe o-xde te a-ki-zhaⁿ iⁿ (ódotʰe oxdé tte akižą́ į) - the man eater would overtake her, she thought to herself' (JOD)]

► Dhegiha: a-zhiⁿ (á-zhiⁿ) - to think or suppose that [FL-Osage]; a-zhiⁿ (ažį́) - think or believe regarding someone, hold an opinion of something [CQ-Osage]; a-zhiⁿ (azhíⁿ) - think, suppose [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: e-zhaⁿ-miⁿ (é-jaⁿ-míⁿ) - I think, 1^st person singular of an obsolete verb a-zhiⁿ (ajiⁿ) [JOD-Omaha]

 

third born daughter

► wi-he zhi-ka (wíhe žíka) - daughter, third born

► Dhegiha: wi-he (wihé) - the ordinal birth-name for second daughter; used by a female in addressing a younger sister, or a female friend, just as kage is used by a male in addressing a younger brother or a male friend [Omaha/Ponca]; wi-he (wihé) - younger sister [Omaha]; wi-he (wi-hé) - special kinship term , the name by which the second daughter is called [FL-Osage]; wi-he (wihé) - second daughter [CQ-Osage]; wi-he (wihé) - second born daughter [Kaw]

 

third or middle toe

► si-po-zo-skaⁿ-skaⁿ (sippózoską́ską) - middle or third toe

► cf. si-po-za (sippóza) - toe; o-skaⁿ-ska (oskąská) - half in length, middle; si-po-zo-skaⁿ-skaⁿ o-ba-taⁿ (sippózoską́ską obáttą) - second toe, “next to the middle toe”

► Dhegiha: si-po-kaⁿ-ska (sipókaⁿska) - middle toe [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: si-pa (sipá) - the toes [Omaha/Ponca]; si-ʰpa (çi-pá) - toes [FL-Osage]; si-ʰpa u-za-be (çi-pá-u-ça-be) - the toes [FL-Osage]; si-ʰpo (siiʰpó) - toe [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: o-skoⁿ-ska (o-çkóⁿ çka), u-skoⁿ-ska (u-çkóⁿ-çka) - center, directly in the center of, in the middle [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: u-kʰoⁿ-ska (ukʰóⁿska) - half [Omaha/Ponca]; o-ʰkoⁿ-ska (o-ḳóⁿ-çka), u-ʰkoⁿ-ska (u-ḳóⁿ-çka) - the center, middle [FL-Osage]; o-ʰkaⁿ-ska (oʰką́ska) - in the center, middle, at the halfway point [CQ-Osage]; o-kaⁿ-ska (okáⁿska) - one half in length or quantity, the middle one, in the middle, a half dollar, fifty cents [Kaw]

 

third or ring finger

► naⁿ-pe o-zo-skaⁿ-ska o-pa-taⁿ (nąpé ózoskąská opáttą) - third finger, ring finger, “next to the middle finger”

► cf. naⁿ-pe o-zo-skaⁿ-ska (nąpé ózoskąská), naⁿ-piu-zo-skaⁿ-ska (nąpüzóskąská)  - second finger, middle finger; o-ba-tʰaⁿ (obátʰą) - next; si-po-zo-skaⁿ-skaⁿ o-ba-taⁿ (sippózoską́ską obáttą) - second toe; si-po-za zhi-ka o-ba-taⁿ (sippóza žíka obáttą) - fourth toe; hi o-ta-ho-kde o-ba-taⁿ (hí ottahokdé obáttą) - teeth, bicuspid

► ex: naⁿ-pe o-zo-skaⁿ-ska o-pa-taⁿ tʰe (nąpé ózoskąská opáttą tʰe) - the third finger

► Dhegiha: noⁿ-be hi u-zhiⁿ-ga u-thu-a-toⁿ (noⁿbe hi uzhiⁿga uthuatoⁿ) - ring finger, “next to the little finger” [Omaha]; sha-ge o-kaⁿ-ska o-wa-khaⁿ (sháge okáⁿska owakhaⁿ) - third finger, ring finger, lit. “next to middle (finger)” [Kaw]

 

third son’s birthname

► kʰa-ke (kʰáke) - son, third son’s birthname ……. this differs with the JOD/RR entries, [MR] and [OM] are recorded saying kʰa-ke (kʰáke) as oldest boy

► kʰa-ke (kʰáke) - younger brother [JOD]

► ex: “kʰa-ke, ha-ki ni-ka-shi-ka e-ti niⁿ-kʰe,” i-yi (“kʰáke, hakí níkkašíka ettí nįkʰe,” iyí) - “younger brother, where is the human being?” he said [JOD]

► ex: “ha-ki ni-ka-shi-ka e-ti niⁿ, kʰa-ke,” i-ye (“hakí níkkašíka ettí nį, kʰáke,” íye) - “where is the human being? younger brother,” he said [JOD]

► ex: “kʰa-ke, ni-ka-shi-ka ha-ki e-ti niⁿ,” i-ye (“kʰáke, níkkašíka hakí ettí nį,” iyé) - “younger brother, where is the human being?” he said [JOD]

► ex: kʰa-ke, ha-zhoⁿ wi-ke (kʰáke, hažǫ́ wike) - younger brothers, what are you doing [JOD]

► Dhegiha: kʰa-ge (ka-gé) - the _______ born son: also used as a vocative by brothers, parents, and grandparents [JOD-Omaha]; ka-ge (káge) - younger brother [Omaha]; ʰka-ge (ḳa-ge), ʰka-ge wa-ha-ge (ḳa-ge wa-ha-ge) - the last born of a number of young brothers, the younger brothers serve as messengers for the elder brothers [FL-Osage]; kxa-ke (kxáke) - third son or subsequent son, synonymous with kxa-zhiⁿ (kxážį) - third son or subsequent son in any clan [CQ-Osage]; kʰa-ge (kʰage) - 3rd son, all the way down past 3rd [Kaw]

 

► kʰa-ke (kʰáke) - son, oldest boy’s birth name

► kʰa-ke (kʰáke) - oldest boy [MR, OM]

► Dhegiha: kʰa-ge (ka-gé) - the _______ born son: also used as a vocative by brothers, parents, and grandparents [JOD-Omaha]; ka-ge (káge) - younger brother [Omaha]; ʰka-ge (ḳa-ge), ʰka-ge wa-ha-ge (ḳa-ge wa-ha-ge) - the last born of a number of young brothers, the younger brothers serve as messengers for the elder brothers [FL-Osage]; kxa-ke (kxáke) - third son or subsequent son, synonymous with kxa-zhiⁿ (kxážį) - third son or subsequent son in any clan [CQ-Osage]; kʰa-ge (kʰage) - 3rd son, all the way down past 3rd [Kaw]

 

third, fraction

► i-da-bni-ka (ídabnika) - third, fraction

► cf. i-da-bniⁿ (ídabnį́) - third, ordinal numeral; i-to-wa-ka (ítowaka) - fourth, fraction; i-sa-taⁿ-ka (ísattąka) - fifth, fraction

 

third, ordinal numeral

► i-da-bniⁿ (ídabnį́) - third, ordinal numeral

► cf. i (í) - ordinal numeral marker; da-bniⁿ (dábnį) - three; i-da-bni-ka (ídabnika) - third, fraction; i-naⁿ-pa (ínąpa), i-naⁿ-paⁿ (ínąpą́), i-naⁿ-baⁿ (ínąbą́) - second, second time, again; i-to-wa (ítowa) - fourth, ordinal numeral; i-sa-taⁿ (ísattą) - fifth, ordinal numeral; i-sha-pe (íšappe) - sixth; i-pe-naⁿ-pa (íppeną́pa) - seventh; i-pe-da-bniⁿ (íppedábnį) - eighth; i-shaⁿ-ka (íšąkká) - ninth; i-kde-bdaⁿ (íkdebdą́) - tenth; i-kde-bdaⁿ-naⁿ-pa (íkdebdąną́pa) - twentieth

► ex: de i-da-bniⁿ (dé ídabnį) - this third one [JOD]

► ex: e-ti shoⁿ-zhi-ka i-da-bniⁿ tʰaⁿ ki-ki-knaⁿ-wi (étti šǫ́žiká ídabnį tʰą kíkikną́wi) - there, they put their third pup down for him [JOD]

► ex: e-ti-tʰaⁿ i-da-bniⁿ di-sh’a (ettítʰą ídabnį dišʔá) - then the third one gave out [JOD]

► Dhegiha: we-tha-bthiⁿ (wéthabthiⁿ) - third, third one [Omaha/Ponca]; we-tha-bthiⁿ (wéthabthiⁿ) - third [Omaha]; we-tha-bthiⁿ (wé-tha-bthiⁿ) - third [FL-Osage]; we-tha-briⁿ (wéðaabrį) - third [CQ-Osage]; we-ya-bli (wéyabli), we-ya-bliⁿ (wéyabliⁿ) - third, ordinal numeral [Kaw]

 

thirteen

► da-bni a-kniⁿ (dábni áknį) - thirteen, short version

► da-bni a-kniⁿ (dábni áknį) - thirteen [MS]

► cf. da-bniⁿ (dábnį) - three; a-kniⁿ (aknį́) - sit on

► Dhegiha: a-gthiⁿ tha-bthiⁿ (agthíⁿthabthiⁿ) - thirteen [Omaha/Ponca]; a-gthi tha-bthiⁿ (a-gthíⁿ-tha-bthiⁿ) - thirteen [FL-Osage]; a-liⁿ tha-briⁿ (álįį ðáabrį) - thirteen, thirteenth [CQ-Osage]; a-li ya-bli (áliyábli), a-li ya-bliⁿ (áliyábliⁿ) - thirteen [Kaw]

 

► kde-bnaⁿ-taⁿ da-bni a-kniⁿ (kdébnąttą́ dábni áknį) - thirteen, long version, 10 with/when 3 sitting on

► cf. kde-bnaⁿ (kdébną), kde-bdaⁿ (kdebdą) - ten; da-bniⁿ (dábnį) - three; a-kniⁿ (aknį́) - sit on

► Dhegiha: le-braⁿ a-liⁿ tha-briⁿ (lébrą álįį ðáabrį) - thirteen, thirteenth [CQ-Osage]

 

thirteens, by thirteens

► da-bniⁿ a-kniⁿ naⁿ-naⁿ (dábnįáknįną́ną) - by thirteens; 13 apiece

► cf. da-bni a-kniⁿ (dábni áknį) - thirteen; na-na (-naná), naⁿ-naⁿ (-ną́ną) - distributive of numerals

► Dhegiha: a-gthiⁿ tha-bthiⁿ thoⁿ-thoⁿ (agthíⁿthabthiⁿthóⁿthoⁿ) - thirteen to each (person) [Omaha/Ponca]

 

thirties, by thirties

► kde-bdaⁿ da-bni naⁿ-naⁿ (kdébdądábniną́ną) - by thirties, 30 each

► cf. kde-bdaⁿ da-bni (kdébdą dábni) - thirty; na-na (-naná), naⁿ-naⁿ (-ną́ną) - distributive of numerals

► Dhegiha: wiⁿ-thoⁿ-thoⁿ (wíⁿthoⁿthóⁿ) - by ones; one at a time; one here and there; one to each [Omaha/Ponca]; wiⁿ thoⁿ-thoⁿ (wiⁿthoⁿthoⁿ) - each [Omaha]; wiⁿ-thoⁿ-thoⁿ (wíⁿ-thoⁿ-thoⁿ) - one apiece, one by one [FL-Osage]; miⁿ yaⁿ-ye (míⁿ yaⁿye) - one apiece, one to each, distributive [Kaw]

 

thirtsy

► ni i-bi-ze (ni íbizé) - be thirsty ► ni aⁿ-daⁿ-bi-ze (ni ądą́bize) - I, ni i-di-bi-ze (ni ídibizé) - you, ni we-bi-za-we (ni wébizawe) - we

► cf. bi-ze (bizé) - dry

► Dhegiha: ni i-bi-ze (ni íbize) - to be thirsty [Omaha/Ponca]; ni i-bi-ze (ni ibiçe) - to be thirsty [Omaha]; ni i-bi-ze (ní-i-bi-çe) - to be thirsty for water [FL-Osage]; ni i-pu-ze (ni ípuze) - thirsty [CQ-Osage]; ni i-bu-ze (ni íbuze) - be thirsty, to suffer from thirst [Kaw]

 

► i-bi-ze (íbizé) - be thirsty ► aⁿ-daⁿ-bi-ze (ądą́bize) - I, i-di-bi-ze (ídibizé) - you, we-bi-za-we (wébizawe) - we

► cf. bi-ze (bizé) - dry

► Dhegiha: i-bi-ze (íbize) - to be dry with or for [Omaha/Ponca]; i-bi-ze (í-bi-çe) - thirsty [FL-Osage]; i-pu-ze (ípuze) - be thirsty for [CQ-Osage]

 

thirty

► kde-bdaⁿ da-bni (kdébdą dábni) - thirty

► kde-bdaⁿ da-bni (kdébdą dábni) - thirty [MS, OM]

► kde-bdaⁿ da-bni (gĕdēhbŏnāh-dagheni) - 30 [GI]

► kde-bdaⁿ da-bni (gdȁbna dábĕnĕ) - thirty [ASG]

► cf. kde-bnaⁿ (kdébną), kde-bdaⁿ (kdebdą) - ten; da-bniⁿ (dábnį) - three

► Dhegiha: gthe-ba tha-bthiⁿ (gthébathábthiⁿ) - thirty [Omaha/Ponca]; gthe-bthoⁿ tha-bthiⁿ (gthé-bthoⁿ tha-bthiⁿ) - thirty, three tens [FL-Osage]; le-braⁿ tha-briⁿ (lébrą ðáabrį) - thirty, thirtieth [CQ-Osage]; le-blaⁿ ya-bliⁿ (léblaⁿ yábliⁿ) - thirty [Kaw]

 

 

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