English to Quapaw Dictionary

T

tabby cat - tall	Tall Chief - thank you	that - thaw	the - themselves
then - therefore	these - thirty	this - throwing	thrust - tin
tip - today	toe - trachea	track - tremble	tribal - twofold

 

this

► de (de) - this; now

► de (de) - this [OM]

► ex: haⁿ de (hą́ de) - tonight, “this night”

► ex: hoⁿ-ba de (hǫ́ba de) - today, “this day”

► ex: de zhiⁿ-ka tʰaⁿ (dé žįká tʰą) - this small/young one [JOD]

► ex: de ki-k’iⁿ te (dé kikʔį́ tte) - this/he carry his own on his back/will [JOD]

► ex: ho-ho-xo! wi-zhiⁿ-ke, di-a-te de ki-k’iⁿ te (hóhoxó! wížįké, diátte dé kikʔį́ tte) - Really! My son, let your father carry this (meat) [JOD]

► ex: de iⁿ-xo-wa-zhi hi naⁿ, de i-ye miⁿ-kʰe hi koⁿ-da, a-kʰe (dé įxowáži hí ną, dé íye mį́kʰe hi kǫdá, akʰé) - this one tells no lies, this one wants to speak the truth, it is the one [JOD]

► ex: ti de wi-k’i (tti dé wikʔí) - I give you this lodge [JOD]

► ex: aⁿ-da-ki-tiⁿ da-kdi naⁿ, ti de wi-k’i te (ądákittį́ dakdí ną tti dé wikʔí tte) - when you have taken her (have her) for me and return here, I will give you this lodge [JOD]

► ex: aⁿ-da-ki-tiⁿ da-kdi te koi-shoⁿ naⁿ, ti de wi-k’i te (ądákittį dakdí tté kóišǫ́ ną ttí dé wikʔí tte) - when you bring her (my own) back to me, I will give you this lodge [JOD]

► ex: de haⁿ-ka e-zhiⁿ-ke e-tʰaⁿ-zhi (de hą́ka ežį́ke etʰą́ži) - this/hañ́k͓a/his son/it is not he [JOD]

► ex: de haⁿ-ka e-zhiⁿ-ke e-tʰaⁿ-zhi hi e-de, e-zhi hi e-koⁿ, ma-shtiⁿ-ke kaⁿ hi (de hą́ka ežį́ke etʰą́ži hí edé, éži hí ekǫ́, maštį́ke ką hí) - surely this is not Haⁿ-ka’s son, he’s different, sure enough looks like a rabbit [JOD]

► Dhegiha: the (the) - this [Omaha/Ponca]; the (the) - this [Omaha]; the (the) - this [FL-Osage]; the (ðée) - that; this; those; these; they [CQ-Osage]; ye (ye) - this, here, hither [Kaw]

 

this always

► de shoⁿ-zho-ki-de (de šǫžókidé) - this always, thus [JOD]

► cf. de (de) - this; shoⁿ-zhoⁿ-ki-de (šǫžǫ́kide), shoⁿ-zho-ki-de (šǫžókide) - always, ever, never

► ex: hoⁿ-zhi, wi-te-ke, de shoⁿ-zho-ki-de (hǫží, wítteké, de šǫžókidé) - no, uncle (my mother’s brother), it is always thus [JOD]

► Dhegiha: shoⁿ-shoⁿ (shóⁿshoⁿ) - always, ever, unceasing, enduring [Omaha/Ponca]; shoⁿ-shoⁿ (shóⁿ-shoⁿ), shoⁿ-shoⁿ-e (shóⁿ-shoⁿ-e) - forever, always, without stopping [FL-Osage]; shoⁿ-shoⁿ (šǫ́šǫ), shoⁿ-shoⁿ-we (šǫ́šǫwe) - always, forever, during that time, refers to something going on and on through time, uninterruptedly [CQ-Osage]; shoⁿ-shoⁿ (shóⁿshoⁿ) - always, ever, continually [Kaw]

 

this direction

► de shoⁿ-hi (dé šǫ́hi) - this direction [JOD]

► ex: de shoⁿ-hi toⁿ e-ti niⁿ-kʰe (dé šǫ́hi ttǫ́ ettí nįkʰé) - this direction/village/there/it sits [JOD]

► ex: “de shoⁿ-hi toⁿ e-ti niⁿ-kʰe e-de,” i-ke (“dé šǫ́hi ttǫ́ ettí nįkʰé edé,” iké) - “sure enough, there is a village in this direction,” he said to her [JOD]

 

► ka-ki-de-de (kákidéde) - in that direction, in this direction, going in that direction [JOD]

► cf. ka-ki (kakí) - in that place, “down below”, yonder, in that direction, there [JOD]; ka-ki ke (kakí ke) - those [JOD]; ka-ki niⁿ (kaki nį) - yonder/the moving [JOD]

► ex: wi-e ka-ki-de-de bde te (wíe kákidéde bde tte) - I/in this direction/I go/will [JOD]

► ex: wi-e ka-ki-de-de bde te (wíe kákidéde bde tte) - I will go in this direction [JOD]

► ex: di-e ka-ki-de-de da ni-he (díe kákidéde dá nihé) - you go in that direction! [JOD]

► ex: de-she-tʰaⁿ ka-ki-de-de (dešetʰą́ kákidéde) - from this place/going in that direction [JOD]

 

this kind, this sort, like this

► de-kaⁿ (deką́), de-koⁿ (dekǫ́) - this sort; this kind, like this [JOD]

► cf. de (de) - this; e-kaⁿ (eką́), e-koⁿ (ekǫ́) - that sort, like, thus, like that, so; koⁿ (kǫ), kaⁿ (ką) - as, since, so

► Dhegiha: the-goⁿ (thégoⁿ) - thus, so, after this manner, of this sort [Omaha/Ponca]; the-goⁿ (thé-goⁿ) - like this, this kind [FL-Osage]; the e-koⁿ (ðée ekǫ́) - this way, that way, thus, like this, like that [CQ-Osage]

 

► de-kʰe-kaⁿ (dekʰeką́) - this kind [JOD]

► cf. de-kʰe (dékʰe) - this lying/inanimate object; de (de) - this; kʰe (kʰe) - the singular/lying/animate or inanimate; e-kaⁿ (eką́), e-koⁿ (ekǫ́) - that sort, like, thus, like that, so; koⁿ (kǫ), kaⁿ (ką) - as, since, so

► Dhegiha: the-kʰe-goⁿ (thekʰégoⁿ) - like this reclining animate object or long inanimate object [Omaha/Ponca]

 

this last one

► de o-do-ha-ke miⁿ-xti (de odóhake mį́xti) - this last one [JOD]

► cf. de (de) - this; o-do-ha-ke (odóhake) - last one; miⁿ-xti (mį́xti) - one, exactly one, only one, just one

► ex: de o-do-ha-ke miⁿ-xti o-shte (de odóhake mį́xti ošté) - this last one was left; this last one remained [JOD]

► Dhegiha: a-thu-ha-ge (a¢úhage) - last, at the last [JOD-Omaha]; u-thu-ha-ge (u-thú-ha-ge) - the last time [FL-Osage]; u-thu-ha-ge tse (u-thú-ha-ge tse) - the last, final, the final act [FL-Osage]; o-tho-ha-ke (oðóhake) - more, last, final [CQ-Osage]; o-yo-ha-ge (oyóhage) - last, to be the last [Kaw]

 

► de we-ha-ke (dé wéhake) - this last one [JOD]

► cf. de (de) - this; we-ha-ke (wéhake) - last [JOD]

► ex: de we-ha-ke, de zhiⁿ-ka tʰaⁿ (dé wéhake, dé žįká tʰą) - this last one, this small/young one [JOD]

► Dhegiha: we-ha-ge (wé-ha-ge) - the last one in line [FL-Osage]; wa-ha-ge (wa-há-ge) - the last born of a number of young brothers [FL-Osage]

 

this lying object

► de-kʰe (dékʰe) - this lying/inanimate

► cf. de (de) - this; kʰe (kʰe) - the singular/lying/animate or inanimate

► ex: a-zhaⁿ de-kʰe ho-taⁿ (ážą dékʰe hóttą) - this bedstead is good

► ex: e-che-zha de-kʰe (eččéža dékʰe) - my goodness, this one! [AG]

► ex: de-kʰe-kaⁿ (dekʰeką́) - this kind [JOD]

► Dhegiha: the-kʰe (thékʰe) - this reclining animate object or long inanimate object before us [Omaha/Ponca]; the-kshe (thé-kshe) - this that lies here [FL-Osage]; the-kshe (ðékše) - this lying; that lying [CQ-Osage]; ye-khe (yékhe) - this, singular/lying/inanimate [Kaw]

 

this morning

► ka-saⁿ-ti (kásąttí), ka-soⁿ-te (kasǫ́tte) - this morning

► ka-soⁿ-ti (kasǫ́ttí) - morning, in the morning [AG]

► cf. ka-siⁿ-a-tʰi (kasį́átʰi) - morning, in the morning [MS]; a-ka-sa-ni (ákasáni) - the next morning [JOD]; ka-sa-ni (kasáni), ka-saⁿ-niⁿ (kasą́nį) - tomorrow; e-ka-sa-ni (ékasáni), e-ka-sa-ni-taⁿ (ékasánittą) - morning, next morning

► Dhegiha: ga-soⁿ-thiⁿ (gaçoⁿ thiⁿ) - tomorrow [Omaha]; ga-sa-ni (gasáni) - to morrow [JOD-Omaha]; e-ga-sa-ni (égasáni) - the morrow [JOD-Omaha]; ga-soⁿ-iⁿ (ga-çóⁿ-iⁿ), ga-soⁿ-thiⁿ (ga-çóⁿ thiⁿ) - the morrow, dawn of another day, next day [FL-Osage]; ga-so-iⁿ-xtsi (ga-çóⁿ-iⁿ-xtsi) - early morning, dawn [FL-Osage]; ka-siⁿ (kaasį́), ka-siⁿ-e (kaasį́e), ka-siⁿ-ta (kaasį́ta), ka-siⁿ-taⁿ (kaasį́tą) - tomorrow [CQ-Osage]; ka-siⁿ-e-xtsi (kaasį́excí), ka-siⁿ-e-xtsiⁿ (kaasį́excį́), ka-siⁿ-xtsi (kaasį́xci) - in the early morning, morning, this morning [CQ-Osage]; ga-siⁿ (gasíⁿ) - tomorrow [Kaw]; ga-si-daⁿ (gasídaⁿ), ga-si-da (gasída) - tomorrow [Kaw]; ga-siⁿ-xtsi (gasíⁿxci), ga-si-xtsi (gasíxci) - morning, in the morning [Kaw]

 

this moving object

► de-niⁿ (dénį) - this moving/animate

► cf. de (de) - this; niⁿ (nį) - the singular/moving/animate; continuative moving

► Dhegiha: the-thiⁿ (théthiⁿ) - this moving animate object (before us) [Omaha/Ponca]

 

this much

► de-tʰaⁿ (detʰą́), de-tʰoⁿ (detʰǫ́) - this (much) long

► cf. ka-tʰaⁿ (katʰą́) - that long, of that length; kaⁿ-ze a-tʰaⁿ (kką́ze átʰą) - of equal length; miⁿ-de-tʰoⁿ (mįdétʰǫ), miⁿ-de-toⁿ (mįdéttǫ) - half that length; she-tʰaⁿ (šetʰą) - long enough, a certain length

► Dhegiha: the-tʰoⁿ (thetʰoⁿ) - this far, this long (of time or space) [Omaha/Ponca]; the-txaⁿ (ðétxą) - this time [CQ-Osage]

 

► de-tʰaⁿ-ha (detʰą́ha) - this (much) deep

► cf. a-tʰaⁿ-ha (atʰą́ha) - how deep; kaⁿ-ze a-tʰaⁿ-ha (kką́ze átʰąha) - depth, equal or like; miⁿ-de-tʰaⁿ-ha (mįdétʰąha) - half that depth; she-tʰaⁿ-ha (šetʰą́ha) - deep enough, a certain depth

► Dhegiha: the-tʰoⁿ-ha (thetʰóⁿha) - this depth or height [Omaha/Ponca]

► Dhegiha: the-toⁿ-ha the-the (the-tóⁿ-ha the-the) - henceforth; from now on [FL-Osage]; the-txaⁿ-ha (ðetxą́ha), the-tkxaⁿ-ha (ðetkxą́ha) - from now on; from this time on, henceforth [CQ-Osage]

 

► de-tʰaⁿ-ka (detʰąkká), de-taⁿ-ka (dettąká) - this (much) tall

► cf. de (de) - this; miⁿ-de-tʰaⁿ-ka (mįdétʰąká) - half that height; a-tʰaⁿ-ka (atʰąkká) - how tall, how high; kaⁿ-ze a-tʰaⁿ-ka (kką́ze atʰąkká) - of equal height; she-tʰaⁿ-ka (šetʰąkká), she-taⁿ-ka (šettąká) - tall enough, a certain height

 

this next one

► de o-ba-tʰaⁿ (dé obátʰą) - this next one [JOD]

► cf. de (de) - this; o-ba-tʰaⁿ (obátʰą), o-pa-taⁿ (opáttą) - next

► Dhegiha: u-wa-tʰaⁿ (u-wá-taⁿ) - the next [JOD-Omaha]; u-wa-tʰoⁿ (uwátʰoⁿ) - next [Omaha/Ponca]; u-wa-ʰtoⁿ (u-wá-ṭoⁿ) - next in order or line; the next time, place or rank [FL-Osage]; o-txaⁿ (otxą́), o-kxaⁿ (okxą́) - next, following, the following one [CQ-Osage]; o-wa-khaⁿ (owákhaⁿ) - next of kin [Kaw]

 

this only, just this

► de naⁿ-hi (dé nąhí) - only this, just this

► cf. de (de) - this; naⁿ-hi (ną́hi) - only, alone, all alone; e-naⁿ-hi (enąhí), e-naⁿ (éną) - only that, only him or her, only it

► ex: de naⁿ-hi a-kda-bniⁿ a-kdi (dé nąhí akdábnį akdí) - this/only/I have my own/I have come home [JOD]

► ex: e-shaⁿ-taⁿ she-mi zhi-ka de naⁿ-hi a-kda-bniⁿ a-kdi (ešą́ttą šémižíka dé nąhí akdábnį akdí) - and then I only brought back (my own) this little girl [JOD]

► Dhegiha: the-hnaⁿ (¢é-hnaⁿ) - this only [JOD-Omaha]; the-noⁿ (thé-noⁿ) - this much [FL-Osage]; ye-naⁿ (yénaⁿ), ye-noⁿ (yénoⁿ) - this many, this much, this number [Kaw]

 

this place, arrive here to this place to get one’s own object

► a-kda tʰi (ákda tʰí) - arrive here (for the first time) to this place (not one’s home) to get one’s own object (horse, child, gun, etc.) ► a-kda a-tʰi (ákda atʰí) - I, a-da-kda da-tʰi (adákda datʰí) - you, oⁿ-ka-kda oⁿ-ka-tʰi-we (ǫkákda ǫkátʰiwe) - we

► cf. a-kda de (ákda dé) - go after, fetch one's own; a-kda kde (ákda kdé) - go homeward for one's own; tʰi (tʰi) - arrive, to have come here

► ex: a-wi-kda a-tʰi, iⁿ-kaⁿ, i-ke (awíkda atʰí, įkką́, iké) - he said to her, I have come for you (my own), grandmother [JOD]

 

this place, from this place

► de-she-tʰaⁿ (dešetʰą́) - from this place [JOD]

► cf. de (de) - this; she-tʰaⁿ (šetʰą) - long enough, a certain length; she-tʰaⁿ (šétʰą) - that standing/visisble/animate; ka i-she-tʰaⁿ (ká-išetʰą́) - so far, the end, used as ending of a story [JOD]

► ex: de-she-tʰaⁿ ka-ki-de-de (dešetʰą́ kákidéde) - from this place/going in that direction [JOD]

► ex: “de-she-tʰaⁿ aⁿ-ki-de aⁿ-te-a,” i-ye pa (“déšetʰą́ ąkkíde ątteá,” iyé ppa) - “we have been here long enough,” they were saying [JOD]

► Dhegiha: the-she-tʰoⁿ (théshetʰóⁿ) - as far as this (and no further) [Omaha/Ponca]; the-she-tʰaⁿ (¢é-ce-táⁿ) - by this time (of past); henceforth, henceforward, from this time [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: she-tʰoⁿ (shetʰóⁿ) - that far (and no farther); that long (and no longer); the end [Omaha/Ponca]; she-tʰoⁿ (shétʰoⁿ) - that length; that short [Omaha/Ponca]

► Dhegiha: e-she-tʰoⁿ (éshetʰóⁿ) - that so far; as far as that; till then (and no longer); past time; from that time onward [Omaha/Ponca]

 

this place, here, Dhegiha People

► de-ka (deká) - Dhegiha People

► Dhegiha: the-ga (the ga) - here, at this place [FL-Osage]; the-ka (ðeeká) - there, here, these [CQ-Osage]; ye-ga (yegá) - here, right here [Kaw]

 

this place, here, right here

► de-do (dédo) - here, this place, right here [AG, OM]

► de-do (dédo) - here

► de-to (dettó), de-do (dedó) - native, translates to JOD’s “Dhegiha”

► cf. she-do (šédo) - yonder, there

► ex: de-do a-shka e-ti-tʰaⁿ she-mi e-naⁿ-hi wa-niⁿ e-ti-tʰaⁿ, i-ke niⁿ (dédo áška ettítʰą šémi eną́hí wánį ettítʰą, iké nį́) - near here one stands (a lodge), it only has girls, he said to her [JOD]

► ex: de-do ti-aⁿ-hi kaⁿ miⁿ-kʰe moⁿ (dédo ttią́hi ką́ mįkʰé mǫ́) - I have been dwelling here a very long time [JOD]

► ex: “wi-ti-kaⁿ, wa-x’o miⁿ de-do i-hi naⁿ i-da-de hoⁿ-zhi ae,” i-ke (“wittiką́, waxʔó mį dédo íhi ną ídade hǫži ae,” iké) - “my grandfather, did you not see a woman that arrived here?” he said to him [JOD]

► ex: de-do tʰi, t’e kʰe (dedo tʰi, tʔe kʰe) - he/she arrived here, the dead (person)

► ex: wi-e de-do a-tʰi ta miⁿ-kʰe (wíe dédo atʰí ta mįkʰé) - I’m sitting right here (I will be arriving here) [AG]

► Dhegiha: the-thu (¢é¢u) - here [JOD-Omaha]; the-tho (thé-tho) - here at this place [FL-Osage]; ye-yo (yèyó) - here, right here [Kaw]

 

this place, take away something for someone and come back to this place

► a-ki-niⁿ kdi (ákinį kdi) - take away something for someone and come back to this place [JOD]

► cf. a-niⁿ (anį́) - have, keep; a-ki-niⁿ (ákinį) - have or keep for someone; kdi (kdi) - to have come back here; a-ki-niⁿ de (ákinį de) - take away something for someone; a-ki-niⁿ hi (ákinį hi) - take something there for someone; a-ki-niⁿ hi-de (ákinį hidé) - to have taken someone’s property; a-ki-niⁿ kde (ákinį kdé) - to take from someone and go back [JOD]; a-ki-niⁿ tʰi (ákinį tʰi) - to take/come after them, one’s own [JOD]; ni-zhi a-ki-niⁿ (níži ákinį) - owe something to someone; wa-di-ze a-ki-niⁿ (wadíze ákinį) - owe something to someone

► ex: a-ki-bniⁿ a-kdi (ákibnį akdí) - I brought it back to him [JOD]

► ex: a-ki-niⁿ kda-i taⁿ, a-ki-de aⁿ-ka-zhiⁿ naⁿ, a-ki-pʰi, a-ki-bniⁿ a-kdi (ákinį́ kdái tą, akíde ą́kažį ną, akípʰi, ákibnį akdí) - they took it from him, he told me to go get it, I went there for it, I brought it back to him [JOD]

► ex: a-wi-ki-bniⁿ a-kdi (áwikíbnį akdí) - I have brought back your (or for you) [JOD]

► ex: aⁿ-da-ki-tiⁿ da-kdi naⁿ ti de wi-k’i te (ądákittį́ dakdí ną tti dé wikʔí tte) - when you have taken her (have her) for me and return here I will give you this lodge [JOD]

► ex: aⁿ-da-ki-tiⁿ da-kdi te koi-shoⁿ naⁿ ti de wi-k’i te (ądákittį dakdí tté kóišǫ́ ną ttí dé wikʔí tte) - when you bring her (my own) back to me, I will give you this lodge [JOD]

 

this quantity, this much, this many

► de-she-naⁿ (dešeną́) - this quantity, this much, this many

► cf. de (de) - this; she-naⁿ (šéną) - enough, more; ka-she-naⁿ (kašéną) - that’s all, that is enough, just this much, be ended, finished, that’s all, something is finished; koi-she-naⁿ (kóišeną́) - that amount, that quantity

► Dhegiha: she-noⁿ (shénoⁿ) - a sufficient number of times [Omaha/Ponca]; she-na (shéna) - enough; sufficient; no longer [Omaha/Ponca]; she-noⁿ (shenoⁿ) - enough [Omaha]; she-noⁿ (she-noⁿ) - sufficient [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: the-na (théna) - this much or many; this number or quantity [Omaha/Ponca]; the-noⁿ (thé-noⁿ) - this much [FL-Osage]; ye-naⁿ (yénaⁿ), ye-noⁿ (yénoⁿ) - this many, this much, this number [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ka-she-naⁿ (kaašéną) - be ended, finished, that’s all, something is finished, closing of a prayer, amen [CQ-Osage]; ga-she-hnaⁿ (gashéhnaⁿ) - that’s all, that is enough, just this much [Kaw]

 

this side, arrived or reached on this side

► to-hi-niⁿ (tóhinį) - that singular/moving/animate object that arrived on this side

► cf. hi (hi) - arrive, reach there, have been; come, be coming here, not own; niⁿ (nį) - the singular/moving/animate; continuative moving

► Dhegiha: du-a-hi (dúahi) - on this side of it at a short distance [Omaha/Ponca]

► Dhegiha: do (do) - in this direction, toward here; that one, the one over there; this one, the one over here [Kaw]

 

► to-hi-niⁿ-kʰe (tóhinįkʰé) - that singular/sitting/animate nearby object on this side of a place

► cf. hi (hi) - arrive, reach there, have been; come, be coming here, not own; niⁿ-kʰe (nįkʰe) - the singular/sitting/animate or inanimate; continuative sitting

► Dhegiha: du-a-hi (dúahi) - on this side of it at a short distance [Omaha/Ponca]

► Dhegiha: do (do) - in this direction, toward here; that one, the one over there; this one, the one over here [Kaw]

 

► to-hi-tʰoⁿ (tóhitʰǫ) - that singular/standing/animate object on this side of a place he has reached

► cf. hi (hi) - arrive, reach there, have been; come, be coming here, not own; tʰaⁿ (tʰą) - the standing/animate; continuative auxiliary, singular/standing/animate

► Dhegiha: du-a-hi (dúahi) - on this side of it at a short distance [Omaha/Ponca]

► Dhegiha: do (do) - in this direction, toward here; that one, the one over there; this one, the one over here [Kaw]

 

this side, on this side

► to-kʰe (tokʰé) - that singular/lying/inanimate object on this side

► cf. kʰe (kʰe) - the singular/lying/animate or inanimate

► Dhegiha: do (do) - in this direction, toward here; that one, the one over there; this one, the one over here [Kaw]

 

► to-ta (tóta) - on this side, in this direction, this way, hither

► ex: to-ta hi ka ha-o (tóta hí ka haó) - you come hither! [JOD]

► Dhegiha: du-da (dúda), du-a (dúa)  - on this side and nearer this place; hither [JOD-Omaha]; do-da (dó-da) - in this direction [FL-Osage]; do-da (dóda) - this way, the one on this side; the one who is present [Kaw]

 

► to-ta-hi-de-niⁿ (tótahídenį́) - that singular/moving/animate object arriving on this side

► cf. to-ta (tóta) - on this side; hi (hi) - arrive, reach there, have been; come, be coming here, not own; hi-de (hidé) - to send it hither [JOD]; hi-de (hidé) - go, to have gone somewhere; niⁿ (nį) - the singular/moving/animate; continuative moving

► Dhegiha: du-da-hi-the-thiⁿ (dú-da-hi-¢é-¢iⁿ), du-a-hi-the-thiⁿ (dú-a-hi-¢é-¢iⁿ) - the an. ob. mv. (in a crowd) at a great distance (from the speaker), and on this side of (a place) [JOD-Omaha]; du-da-hi-the (dú-da-hi-¢é), du-a-hi-the (dú-a-hi-¢é) - at a great distance from (the speaker), and on this side of a place [JOD-Omaha]; du-da-hi (dú-da-hi), du-a-hi (dú-a-hi) - on this side of (it) at a short distance [JOD-Omaha]

 

► to-ta-hi-de-tʰaⁿ (tótahídetʰą́) - that singular/standing/animate object coming, on this side

► cf. to-ta (tóta) - on this side; hi (hi) - arrive, reach there, have been; come, be coming here, not own; hi-de (hidé) - to send it hither [JOD]; hi-de (hidé) - go, to have gone somewhere; tʰaⁿ (tʰą) - the standing/animate; continuative auxiliary, singular/standing/animate

► Dhegiha: du-da-hi-the-taⁿ (dú-da-hi-¢é-taⁿ), du-a-hi-the-taⁿ (dú-a-hi-¢é-taⁿ) - the an. ob. std. at a great distance from (the speaker) and on this side of (a place) [JOD-Omaha]; du-da-hi-the (dú-da-hi-¢é), du-a-hi-the (dú-a-hi-¢é) - at a great distance from (the speaker), and on this side of a place [JOD-Omaha]; du-da-hi (dú-da-hi), du-a-hi (dú-a-hi) - on this side of (it) at a short distance [JOD-Omaha]

 

► to-ta-niⁿ (tótanį́) - that singular/moving/animate object on this side

► cf. to-ta (tóta) - on this side; niⁿ (nį) - the singular/moving/animate; continuative moving

► Dhegiha: du-da-thiⁿ (dúda¢iⁿ), du-a-thiⁿ (dua¢iⁿ) - the an. ob. mv. on this side of (the place); what is seen [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: du-da (dúda), du-a (dúa)  - on this side and nearer this place; hither [JOD-Omaha]; do-da (dó-da) - in this direction [FL-Osage]; do-da (dóda) - this way, the one on this side; the one who is present [Kaw]

 

► to-ta-niⁿ-kʰe (tótanįkʰé) - that singular/sitting/animate object on this side

► cf. to-ta (tóta) - on this side; niⁿ-kʰe (nįkʰe) - the singular/sitting/animate or inanimate; niⁿ-kʰe (nįkʰé) - he/she/it, 3^rd person singular continuative sitting

► Dhegiha: du-da-thiⁿ-ke (dú-da-¢iñ-ké), du-a-thiⁿ-ke (dú-a-¢iñ-ké) - the an. ob. st. on this side of (the place) [JOD-Omaha]; du-da thiⁿ-kse (dú-da thiⁿ-kshe) - the one sitting on this side [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: du-da (dúda), du-a (dúa)  - on this side and nearer this place; hither [JOD-Omaha]; do-da (dó-da) - in this direction [FL-Osage]; do-da (dóda) - this way, the one on this side; the one who is present [Kaw]

 

► to-to-do-shi (tótodóši) - on this side of

► cf. to-ta (tóta) - on this side; to-to-ka-xde (tótokáxde) - facing this way; e-ta-do-shi (éttadóši) - around by the other side; ko-to-do-shi (kótodóši) - beyond, on the other side of; mi o-xpe-ta-de-de-do-shi (mi óxpettadédedóši) - on the west side, toward the sunset; ta-de-de-do-shi - (ttadédedóši) - towards, in that direction

► Dhegiha: u-thu-shi (u¢úci) - at the front [JOD-Omaha]; u-thu-shi-xti (u¢úciqti) - at the very front [JOD-Omaha]; o-tho-shi (oðóši) - in the way, in front of and blocking [CQ-Osage]; ti u-taⁿ-noⁿ u-thu-shi (tiu taⁿnoⁿ uthushi) - front yard [Omaha]

► Dhegiha: u-thu-shi ha u-moⁿ-thiⁿ (u-thú-shi ha u-moⁿ-thiⁿ) - to walk in advance of a group of people [FL-Osage]; o-tho-shi maⁿ-thiⁿ (oðóšimąðį) - block someone’s way or be in the way while moving [CQ-Osage]; go-da o-yo-shi-ha (góda oyóshiha) - to the other side, to the other side of [Kaw]; ki-maⁿ-haⁿ-ta-ha o-yo-shi-ha (kímaⁿhaⁿtáha óyoshiha) - to the windward of something [Kaw]; a-la-xle-ta-ha o-yo-shi-ha (álaxletáha óyoshiha) - to the leeward of something, on the leeward side [Kaw]; do-do-yo-shi-ha (dódoyoshiha) - adverb of motion [Kaw]

 

► to-ta-tʰaⁿ (tótatʰą́) - that singular/standing/animate object on this side

► cf. to-ta (tóta) - on this side; tʰaⁿ (tʰą) - the standing/animate; continuative auxiliary, singular/standing/animate

► Dhegiha: du-da-taⁿ (dú-da-taⁿ), du-a-taⁿ (dú-a-taⁿ) - the an. ob. std. on this side of (a place) [JOD-Omaha]; du-da-toⁿ (dú-da toⁿ) - the one standing on this side [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: du-da (dúda), du-a (dúa)  - on this side and nearer this place; hither [JOD-Omaha]; do-da (dó-da) - in this direction [FL-Osage]; do-da (dóda) - this way, the one on this side; the one who is present [Kaw]

 

► to-ta te-ta i-di-shaⁿ (tóta ttétta ídišą) - on this side of

► cf. to-ta (tóta) - on this side; tʰe-ta (tʰétta) - to the, at the [JOD]; i-di-shaⁿ (idišą́) - to go around an object [JOD]; o-di-shaⁿ (odíšą) - go around in a circle; e-ta te-ta i-di-shaⁿ (étta ttétta ídišą) - around in that direction; ko-ta te-ta i-di-shaⁿ (kóta ttétta ídišą) - on that side of

► Dhegiha: du-da-tʰe-ta (dú-da-tĕ́-t͓a), du-a-tʰe-ta (dú-a-tĕ́-t͓a) - to the std. in. od. or col. of in. objects on this side of (a place) [JOD-Omaha]; tʰe-ta (tĕ́-t͓a) - at or to the std. in. ob., etc. [JOD-Omaha]; du-da-tʰe-ta-thi-shaⁿ (dú-da-tĕ-t͓á-¢i-caⁿ), du-a-tʰe-ta-thi-shaⁿ (dú-a-tĕ-t͓á-¢i-caⁿ) - on account of the std. in. ob. or col. of in. objects on this side of (a place) [JOD-Omaha]; tʰe-ta-thi-shaⁿ (tĕ-t͓á-¢i-caⁿ) - towards, pertaining to, or on account of, the std. in. ob., etc. [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: du-da-thi-shaⁿ (dúda¢icaⁿ), du-a-thi-shaⁿ (duá¢icaⁿ) - on this side of [JOD-Omaha]; du-da-thi-shoⁿ (du-dá-thi-shoⁿ) - this side, on this side [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: i-thi-shoⁿ-ha (í-thi-shoⁿ-ha) - to detour, to go around [FL-Osage]; i-thi-shaⁿ-ha (íðišąha) - detour around, go around, avoid [CQ-Osage]

 

this side, on this side of a certain point

► to-wa (tówa) - on this side of a certain point

► ex: to-wa-da-tʰe (tówadatʰé) - those dual/standing or collection/inanimate objects on this side

► ex: to-wa-ke (tówaké) - those plural/standing/animate objects on this side

► ex: to-wa-kʰe (tówakʰe) - that singular/lying/inanimate object on this side

► ex: to-wa-ni-kʰa (tówanikʰá) - those plural sitting or lying objects on this side

► ex: to-wa-niⁿ (tówanį) - that singular/moving/animate object on this side or the nearer of two objects

► ex: to-wa-niⁿ-kʰe (tówanįkʰé) - that singular/sitting object on this side

► ex: to-wa-pa (tówapa) - those plural/moving/animate objects on this side

► ex: to-wa-tʰe (tówatʰe) - that singular/standing or collection/inanimate object on this side

► Dhegiha: to-wa (tówa) - that, those (of one or more persons or things that are more remote than someone/something else or whose exact description in unknown or of little importance to the speech event) [CQ-Osage]

 

► to-wa-da-tʰe (tówadatʰé) - those dual/standing or collection/inanimate objects on this side

► cf. to-wa (tówa) - on this side of a certain point; de-da-tʰe (dédatʰe) - these dual/standing/inanimate; ka-da-tʰe (kádatʰe) - those dual/standing/invisible/inanimate; she-da-tʰe (šédatʰe) - those dual/standing/visible/inanimate objects

► Dhegiha: to-wa (tówa) - that, those (of one or more persons or things that are more remote than someone/something else or whose exact description in unknown or of little importance to the speech event) [CQ-Osage]

 

► to-wa-ke (tówaké) - those plural/standing/animate objects on this side

► cf. to-wa (tówa) - on this side of a certain point; ke (ke) - the plural/standing/animate or plural/standing/inanimate

► Dhegiha: to-wa (tówa) - that, those (of one or more persons or things that are more remote than someone/something else or whose exact description in unknown or of little importance to the speech event) [CQ-Osage]

 

► to-wa-kʰe (tówakʰe) - that singular/lying/inanimate object on this side

► cf. to-wa (tówa) - on this side of a certain point; kʰe (kʰe) - the singular/lying/animate or inanimate

► Dhegiha: to-wa (tówa) - that, those (of one or more persons or things that are more remote than someone/something else or whose exact description in unknown or of little importance to the speech event) [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: kʰe (kʰe) - the inanimate lying, the inanimate horizontal, be positioned horizontally, an extended action in a lying position [Omaha]; kshe (kshe) - to prostrate, that lies, to lay down, to place flat on the ground or to be prostrate on any surface, the length of time from the beginning of a vigil [FL-Osage]; kshe (kše) - positional article for an entity that is lying down or long; positional article that indicates plurality of an inanimate entity that takes tsʰe (cʰe) “standing” positional in the singular [CQ-Osage]; kshe (kše) - lying down or long [CQ-Osage]; khe (khe) - “the”; definite article for lying/inanimate objects [Kaw]

 

► to-wa-ni-kʰa (tówanikʰá) - those plural sitting or lying objects on this side

► cf. to-wa (tówa) - on this side of a certain point; ni-kʰa (nikʰá) - 3^rd person plural continuative sitting; they who sit; they were (plural classifier); the reclining ones; de-ni-kʰa (dénikʰá) - these sitting or lying/animate; ka-ni-kʰa (kánikʰa) - those plural sitting or lying/invisible/animate; koi-ni-kʰa (kóinikʰá) - those remote sitting or lying/visible; ko-wa-ni-kʰa (kówanikʰá) - those plural sitting or lying, yonder; she-ni-kʰa (šénikʰa) - those plural/sitting or lying/visible

► Dhegiha: to-wa (tówa) - that, those (of one or more persons or things that are more remote than someone/something else or whose exact description in unknown or of little importance to the speech event) [CQ-Osage]

 

► to-wa-niⁿ (tówanį) - that singular/moving/animate object on this side or the nearer of two objects

► cf. to-wa (tówa) - on this side of a certain point; niⁿ (nį) - the singular/moving/animate; niⁿ (nį) - continuative moving

► Dhegiha: to-wa (tówa) - that, those (of one or more persons or things that are more remote than someone/something else or whose exact description in unknown or of little importance to the speech event) [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: thiⁿ (thiⁿ) - the moving [JOD-Omaha]; thiⁿ (thiⁿ) - a man or animal moving about [FL-Osage]; yi (yi) - continuative, moving/animate [Kaw]

 

► to-wa-niⁿ-kʰe (tówanįkʰé) - that singular/sitting object on this side

► cf. to-wa (tówa) - on this side of a certain point; niⁿ-kʰe (nįkʰe) - the singular/sitting/animate or inanimate; niⁿ-kʰe (nįkʰé) - continuative sitting

► Dhegiha: to-wa iⁿ-kshe (tówa įkše) - that one of uncertain or unimportant identity (animate or inanimate); that person sitting; that object or thing sitting there; that group of objects of uncertain or unimportant identity (not animate if plural) [CQ-Osage]; to-wa (tówa) - that, those (of one or more persons or things that are more remote than someone/something else or whose exact description in unknown or of little importance to the speech event) [CQ-Osage]

 

► to-wa-pa (tówapa) - those plural/moving/animate objects on this side

► cf. to-wa (tówa) - on this side of a certain point; a-pa (apa), pa (ppa) - the, definite article for plural/moving/animate objects; a-pa (apa), pa (ppa) - continuative aspect marker, plural of niⁿ (nį)

► Dhegiha: to-wa a-pa (tówa apa) - group of people or single person of unknown or unimportant identity, moving and marked as the subject of a sentence [CQ-Osage]; to-wa pa (tówa pa) - group of people of unknown or unimportant identity [CQ-Osage]; to-wa (tówa) - that, those (of one or more persons or things that are more remote than someone/something else or whose exact description in unknown or of little importance to the speech event) [CQ-Osage]

 

► to-wa-tʰe (tówatʰe) - that singular/standing or collection/inanimate object on this side

► cf. to-wa (tówa) - on this side of a certain point; tʰe (tʰe) - the singular/standing/inanimate, collection/inanimate

► Dhegiha: to-wa tsʰe (tówa cʰe) - this one (thing) standing here, that one (thing) standing there; those ones, that stuff (a collection of sitting or round inanimate objects (such as a bunch of grapes) whose exact identity is unimportant or unknown) [CQ-Osage]; to-wa (tówa) - that, those (of one or more persons or things that are more remote than someone/something else or whose exact description in unknown or of little importance to the speech event) [CQ-Osage]

 

this sitting object

► de-niⁿ-kʰe (dénįkʰe) - this sitting/animate or inanimate object

► de-niⁿ-kʰe (dénįkʰe) - this part or object [JOD]

► cf. de (de) - this; niⁿ-kʰe (nįkʰe) - the singular/sitting/animate or inanimate; niⁿ-kʰe (nįkʰé) - he/she/it, 3^rd person singular continuative sitting

► ex: de niⁿ-kʰe (dé nįkʰé) - this part [JOD]

► ex: “de niⁿ-kʰe di-e da-ki-k’iⁿ te,” i-yi i-ya maⁿ-tʰo (“dé nįkʰé díe dakíkʔį tté,” iyí iyá mątʰó) - you can carry this (piece of meat) for yourself,” it is said Grizzly bear said [JOD]

► ex: te-naⁿ-te de niⁿ-kʰe shiⁿ-xti ta-ta-we ho-taⁿ ni-tʰe (tteną́tte dé-nįkʰé šįxtí ttatáwe hóttą nitʰé) - It would have been good for you’all to eat this very fat heart [JOD]

► ex: de-niⁿ-kʰe (dénįkʰe) - this part or object [JOD]

► ex: e-shoⁿ de niⁿ-kʰe wa-pa-iⁿ di-ze niⁿ-kʰe ti xi-te a-ba-knaⁿ-ta i-naⁿ-de naⁿ iyá ma-shtiⁿ-ke (ešǫ́ dé nįkʰe wappaį́ dizé nįkʰé tti xítte ábaknątta iną́de ną iyá maštį́ke) - then Rabbit placed the blood which he had taken by the side of the lodge, it is said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: the-thiⁿ-kʰe (théthiⁿkʰe) - this sitting animate object (before us); this curved inanimate object (before us) [Omaha/Ponca]; the-iⁿ-kshe (ðée įkšé) - that one sitting; this one here [CQ-Osage]

 

this size, of this size

► de-na-ska (denaská) - size, of this size

► cf. de (de) - this; na-ska (-naská) - size

► Dhegiha: the-thoⁿ-ska (théthoⁿska) - this size, this large [Omaha/Ponca]; the-thoⁿ-ska (thé-thoⁿ-çka) - this size [FL-Osage]; ye-yaⁿ-ska (yéyaⁿska) - size, this size, this large [Kaw]

 

this standing object

► de-tʰaⁿ (détʰą) - this standing/animate

► de-tʰaⁿ (dȅt’ha) - this [ASG]

► cf. de (de) - this; tʰaⁿ (tʰą) - the standing/animate; continuative auxiliary, singular/standing/animate

► ex: she-to a-shi-ta de-tʰaⁿ (šétto ašítta détʰą) - this boy standing behind (you)

► ex: shoⁿ-ke de-tʰaⁿ (shû́nke dȅt’ha) - this dog [ASG]

► Dhegiha: the-tʰoⁿ (thétʰoⁿ) - this animate object standing before us [Omaha/Ponca]; the-toⁿ (thé-toⁿ) - this: this person, standing [FL-Osage]

 

► de-tʰe (détʰe) - this standing/inanimate

► cf. de (de) - this; tʰe (tʰe) - the singular/standing/inanimate; collective/inanimate

► Dhegiha: the-tʰe (thétʰe) - this standing inanimate object or collection of inanimate objects before us [Omaha/Ponca]; the-tse (thé-tse) - this, as referring to the object close at hand [FL-Osage]; ye-che (yéche) - this, these: standing inanimate or collection/pile [Kaw]

 

this standing object or collection

► she-tʰe (šétʰe) - this singular or collection/standing/inanimate

► cf. she (šé) - that tʰe (tʰe) - the singular/standing/inanimate; collection/inanimate

► Dhegiha: she-tʰe (shétʰe) - that visible std. in. ob.; that pile or col. of small in. objects [Omaha/Ponca]

 

this third one

► de i-da-bniⁿ (dé ídabnį) - this third one [JOD]

► cf. de (de) - this; i-da-bniⁿ (ídabnį́) - third, ordinal numeral

 

this way, facing this way

► to-to-ka-xde (tótokáxde) - facing this way ► to-to-a-ka-xde (tótoákaxde) - I, to-to-da-ka-xde (tótodakáxde) - you, to-toⁿ-ka-xda-we (totǫ́kaxdáwe) - we

► cf. to-ta (tóta) - on this side, in this direction, this way, hither; o-ka-xde (ókaxde) to be facing a certain direction

► Dhegiha: du-du-ga-xthe (dúdugáqthe) - with the face this way, facing this way [Omaha/Ponca]; do-da o-ga-xle (dóda ogáxle) - facing this way [Kaw]

 

this way, this direction

► to-ta (tóta) - on this side, in this direction, this way, hither

► ex: to-ta-hi-de-niⁿ (tótahídenį́) - that singular/moving/animate object arriving on this side

► ex: to-ta-hi-de-tʰaⁿ (tótahídetʰą́) - that singular/standing/animate object coming, on this side

► ex: to-ta hi ka ha-o (tóta hí ka haó) - you come hither! [JOD]

► ex: to-to-do-shi (tótodóši) - on this side of

► ex: to-to-ka-xde (tótokáxde) - facing this way

► ex: to-ta-niⁿ (tótanį́) - that singular/moving/animate object on this side

► ex: to-ta-niⁿ-kʰe (tótanįkʰé) - that singular/sitting/animate object on this side

► ex: to-ta-tʰaⁿ (tótatʰą́) - that singular/standing/animate object on this side

► ex: to-ta te-ta i-di-shaⁿ (tóta ttétta ídišą) - on this side of

► Dhegiha: du-da (dúda), du-a (dúa)  - on this side and nearer this place; hither [JOD-Omaha]; do-da (dó-da) - in this direction [FL-Osage]; do-da (dóda) - this way, the one on this side; the one who is present [Kaw]

 

this, why or how is this

► haⁿ-e-taⁿ (hą́ettą́) - why or how is this; wherefore

► cf. haⁿ (hą), hoⁿ (hǫ) - what, how, in what manner

► ex: “haⁿ-e-taⁿ? e-ti bde te,” i-niⁿ-aⁿ i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“hą́ettą́? étti bdé tté,” ínįą́ iyá maštį́ke) - “why is this? I will go there,” thought Rabbit, it is said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: hoⁿ-e-doⁿ (hóⁿ-e-doⁿ) - to be in suspense [FL-Osage]

 

thorn

► to-hi (tóhi) - thorn [JOD]

► ex: to-hi taⁿ-ka a-niⁿ pa (tóhi ttąká anį́ pa) - they had a large thorn [JOD]

► ex: to-hi taⁿ-ka kʰe (tóhi ttąká kʰe) - the large thorn [JOD]

► ex: to-hi taⁿ-ka kʰe ki-ki-oⁿ-da de-da-we (tóhi ttąká kʰe kíkkiǫ́da dédawe) - they threw the large thorn [JOD]

► ex: to-hi taⁿ-ka po-i hi zi-ka a-ta-ha (tóhi ttąká ppói hí zíkka áttaha) - thorn, large extremely sharp at one end [JOD)]

 

those

► ka-ki ke (kakí ke) - those [JOD]

► cf. ke (ke) - the plural/standing/animate or plural/standing/inanimate; the scattered

► ex: ka-ki ke wa-di-haⁿ-zhi (kakí ke wadíhąži) - those/he let them go [JOD]

► ex: ka-ki ke mi-zhi-ka ke (kakí ke mižiká ke) - those/girl/the plural [JOD]

► ex: ka-ki ke mi-zhi-ka ke xa-ke a-pa (kakí ke mižiká ke γaké ápa) - those girls were crying [JOD]

 

those dual standing

► ka-da-tʰe (kádatʰe) - those dual/standing/invisible/inanimate

► cf. ka (ká) - that; da-tʰe (datʰé) - those or these dual; ka-tʰe (kátʰe) - that standing/invisible/inanimate or that collection/invisible/inanimate

► Dhegiha: ga-a-tʰe (gáatʰe) - those two standing inanimate objects or collections of inanimate objects at a distance and out of sight (but whose place is known or inferred) [Omaha/Ponca]

 

► ko-i-da-tʰe (kóidatʰé) - those remote dual / standing / visible / inanimate

► cf. ko-i (kói) - that; da-tʰe (datʰé) - those or these dual; ko-i-tʰe (kóitʰe) - that remote singular/standing/visible/inanimate

 

► ko-wa-da-tʰe (kówadatté) - those dual/standing/inanimate or collections

► cf. ko-wa (kówa) - yonder, further; da-tʰe (datʰé) - those or these dual; ko-wa-tʰe (kówatʰe) - that singular / standing / inanimate or collection

► ex: zhoⁿ ko-wa-da-tʰe (žǫ kówadatté) - yon two trees

 

► she-da-tʰe (šédatʰe) - those dual/standing /visible/inanimate objects

► cf. she (šé) - that; da-tʰe (datʰé) - those or these dual; she-tʰe (šétʰe) - this singular or collection/standing/inanimate

► Dhegiha: she-a-tʰe (shéatʰé) - those two visible std. in. objects or col. of in. objects [Omaha/Ponca]

 

► to-wa-da-tʰe (tówadatʰé) - those dual/standing or collection/inanimate objects on this side

► cf. to-wa (tówa) - on this side of a certain point; de-da-tʰe (dédatʰe) - these dual/standing/inanimate; ka-da-tʰe (kádatʰe) - those dual/standing/invisible/inanimate; she-da-tʰe (šédatʰe) - those dual/standing/visible/inanimate objects

► Dhegiha: to-wa (tówa) - that, those (of one or more persons or things that are more remote than someone/something else or whose exact description in unknown or of little importance to the speech event) [CQ-Osage]

 

those I used to see

► wi-a-de pa (wiáde ppá) - those I used to see [JOD]

► cf. i-de (íde) - see, find; we-de (wéde) - to see, find or discover things; a-pa (apa), pa (ppa) - the, definite article for plural/moving/animate objects; plural continuative aspect marker

► ex: wi-a-de pa (wiáde ppá) - I have seen them/the ones who (those I used to see) [JOD]

► ex: “e-ska, wi-zhiⁿ-ke, iⁿ-tʰoⁿ-na maⁿ-o-zhi k’iⁿ koⁿ pa naⁿ wi-a-de pa e-koⁿ kaⁿ, i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“éska, wižį́ke, įtʰǫ́na mą́oží kʔį́ kǫ́ ppá ną wiáde ppá ékǫ kką,” iyí iyá maštį́ke) - “oh my son I hope that you become like the young unmarried men (able to take wives) whom I have seen carrying quivers on their backs,” it is said Rabbit said [JOD]

 

those lodges

► ti ke (tti ke) - those lodges

► ti ke (tti ke) - lodge/the plural inanimate objects [JOD]

► cf. ti (tti) house, tent, dwelling; ke (ke) - the plural/standing/animate or plural/standing/inanimate; the scattered

► ex: “i-naⁿ-paⁿ te na-ha! ti ke ni-xi-te ni-ka-we,” i-yi iya (“ínąpą́ tté nahá! tti ke niγítte nikáwe,” iyí iyá) - she said, “do not go to those lodges a second time! they are disobedient,” they say [JOD]

 

those plural moving

► ka-pa (kápa), (káppa) - those plural/moving/invisible/animate

► cf. ka (ká) - that; a-pa (apa), pa (ppa) - the, definite article for plural/moving/animate objects; plural continuative aspect marker; de-pa (dépa) - these moving/animate; koi-pa (kóipa) - those remote plural/moving/visible/animate; ko-wa-pa (kówapa) - those plural/moving/animate, yonder; she-pa (šépa), (šéppa) - those moving/visible/animate; to-wa-pa (tówapa) - those plural/moving/animate objects on this side

► Dhegiha: ga-ma (gáma) - these remote ones; those that are nearer to me than to you; those that are far from both of us (excluding all others) [Omaha/Ponca]; ga-a-ma (gáama) - those [Omaha/Ponca]; ga-a-ma (gáama) - those unseen ones [JOD-Omaha]; ka-pa (káa pa) - these ones [CQ-Osage]; ga-a-ba (gàabá) - those over there [Kaw]

 

► koi-pa (kóipa) - those remote plural/moving/visible/animate

► cf. koi (kói) - that, there; a-pa (apa), pa (ppa) - the, definite article for plural/moving/animate objects; plural continuative aspect marker; de-pa (dépa) - these moving/animate; ka-pa (kápa), (káppa) - those plural/moving/invisible/animate; ko-wa-pa (kówapa) - those plural/moving/animate, yonder; she-pa (šépa), (šéppa) - those moving/visible/animate; to-wa-pa (tówapa) - those plural/moving/animate objects on this side

 

► ko-wa-pa (kówapa) - those plural/moving/animate, yonder

► cf. ko-wa (kówa) - yonder, further; a-pa (apa), pa (ppa) - the, definite article for plural/moving/animate objects; plural continuative aspect marker;

► Dhegiha: gu-a-ma (gú-a-ma), gu-da-ma (gú-da-ma) - the ones in sight and beyond (another place) [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: go (go) - that distant person or object; there, yonder: distal prefix of relative location; on the other side; on the far side [Kaw]

 

► she-pa (šépa), (šéppa) - those moving/visible/animate

► cf. she (šé) - that; a-pa (apa), pa (ppa) - the, definite article for plural/moving/animate objects; plural continuative aspect marker; de-pa (dépa) - these moving/animate; ka-pa (kápa), (káppa) - those plural/moving/invisible/animate; koi-pa (kóipa) - those remote plural/moving/visible/animate; ko-wa-pa (kówapa) - those plural/moving/animate, yonder; to-wa-pa (tówapa) - those plural/moving/animate objects on this side

► Dhegiha: she-ma (shéma) - those near the one addressed [Omaha/Ponca]; she-a-ma (shéamá) - that visible an. ob., coming or going, but not distant; those visible an. objects, coming or going, but not distant; those visible an. objects, the pl. sub. of a voluntary action [Omaha/Ponca]; she apa (šée apa) - those ones in motion, there near you [CQ-Osage]; she-ba (shéba) - those yonder (plural/visible/animate) [Kaw]

 

► to-wa-pa (tówapa) - those plural/moving/animate objects on this side

► cf. to-wa (tówa) - on this side of a certain point; a-pa (apa), pa (ppa) - the, definite article for plural/moving/animate objects; plural continuative aspect marker; de-pa (dépa) - these moving/animate; ka-pa (kápa), (káppa) - those plural/moving/invisible/animate; koi-pa (kóipa) - those remote plural/moving/visible/animate; ko-wa-pa (kówapa) - those plural/moving/animate, yonder; she-pa (šépa), (šéppa) - those moving/visible/animate

► Dhegiha: to-wa (tówa apa) - that person [CQ-Osage]; to-wa (tówa) - that, those (of one or more persons or things that are more remote than someone/something else or whose exact description in unknown or of little importance to the speech event) [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: du-a-ma (dúama), du-da-ma (dúdama) - the ones on this side of (a place), the sub. of a voluntary action [Omaha/Ponca]; du-a (dua), du-da (duda) - on this side of [Omaha/Ponca]; du-da (dú-da) - this side [FL-Osage]; do-da (dóda) - this way, the one on this side; the one who is present [Kaw]

 

those plural sitting or lying

► ka-ni-kʰa (kánikʰa) - those plural/sitting or lying/invisible/animate

► cf. ka (ká) - that; ni-kʰa (nikʰá) - 3^rd person plural continuative sitting; they who sit; they were (plural classifier); the reclining ones; de-ni-kʰa (dénikʰá) - these sitting or lying/animate; kaⁿ-ni-kʰa (ką́-nikʰá) - so they were awhile, so they had been awhile, so they were [JOD]; koi-ni-kʰa (kóinikʰá) - those remote sitting or lying/visible; ko-wa-ni-kʰa (kówanikʰá) - those plural/sitting or lying, yonder; she-ni-kʰa (šénikʰa) - those plural/sitting or lying/visible; shoⁿ-ni-kʰa (šǫ-nikʰá) - after they had been so awhile [JOD]; to-wa-ni-kʰa (tówanikʰá) - those plural/sitting or lying objects on this side

► Dhegiha: ga (ga) - that: refers to what is at one side or out of sight [Omaha/Ponca]; ga (ga) - that [FL-Osage]; ka (káa), (ká) - these, this, this one [CQ-Osage]; ga (ga) - that, that yonder, that over there [Kaw]

 

► ko-i-ni-kʰa (kóinikʰá) - those remote sitting or lying/visible

► cf. koi (kói) - that, there; ni-kʰa (nikʰá) - 3^rd person plural continuative sitting; they who sit; they were (plural classifier); the reclining ones

 

► ko-wa-ni-kʰa (kówanikʰá) - those plural sitting or lying, yonder

► cf. ko-wa (kówa) - yonder, further; ni-kʰa (nikʰá) - 3^rd person plural continuative sitting; they who sit; they were (plural classifier); the reclining ones

 

► she-ni-kʰa (šénikʰa) - those plural/sitting or lying/visible

► cf. she (shé) - that [JOD]; ni-kʰa (nikʰá) - 3^rd person plural continuative sitting; they who sit; they were (plural classifier); the reclining ones

 

► to-wa-ni-kʰa (tówanikʰá) - those plural sitting or lying objects on this side

► cf. to-wa (tówa) - on this side of a certain point; ni-kʰa (nikʰá) - 3^rd person plural continuative sitting; they who sit; they were (plural classifier); the reclining ones; de-ni-kʰa (dénikʰá) - these sitting or lying/animate; ka-ni-kʰa (kánikʰa) - those plural sitting or lying/invisible/animate; koi-ni-kʰa (kóinikʰá) - those remote sitting or lying/visible; ko-wa-ni-kʰa (kówanikʰá) - those plural sitting or lying, yonder; she-ni-kʰa (šénikʰa) - those plural/sitting or lying/visible

► Dhegiha: to-wa (tówa) - that, those (of one or more persons or things that are more remote than someone/something else or whose exact description in unknown or of little importance to the speech event) [CQ-Osage]

 

those plural standing

► ka-ke (káke) - those plural/standing/invisible/animate; those scattered objects

► cf. ka (ká) - that; ke (ke) - the plural/standing/animate or plural/standing/inanimate; the scattered

► ex: a-ma-ka-ke (ámakaké) - smaller than the others, “the other one of those things” [JOD]

► ex: iⁿ-spe a-ma-ka-ke a-ki-te naⁿ kde, i-ya-we (į́spe ámakaké ákitte ną́ kdé, iyáwe) - ax/smaller than the others/she took hers in her arm/when/she started homeward/they say [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ga-ge (gáge) - those things: referring to in. objects here and there, scattered, wherever they may be [Omaha/Ponca]; ga-ge (gáge) - these [FL-Osage]; ga-ge (gáge) - those plural/scattered/inanimate objects [Kaw]

 

► ko-i-ke (kóike) - those remote plural/standing/visible/animate

► cf. ko-i (kói) - that; ke (ke) - the plural/standing/animate or plural/standing/inanimate; the scattered

► ex: ti koi-ke (tti kóike) - lodge/yonder ones [JOD]

► ex: ti koi-ke, ni-xi-te ni-ka-we (tti kóike, niγítte nikáwe) - those lodges over there, they are disobedient [JOD]

 

► ko-wa-ke (kówake) - those plural/standing/animate, yonder

► cf. ko-wa (kówa) - yonder, further; ke (ke) - the plural/standing/animate or plural/standing/inanimate; the scattered

 

► she-ke (šéke) - those non-singular/standing/animate or inanimate objects

► cf. she (shé) - that [JOD]; ke (ke) - the plural/standing/animate or plural/standing/inanimate; the scattered

► ex: she-ke-ti (šekétti) - by yonder things [JOD]

► ex: she-ke-ti kniⁿ! (šekétti knį́!) - sit over there! [JOD]

 

 

► to-wa-ke (tówaké) - those plural/standing/animate objects on this side

► cf. to-wa (tówa) - on this side of a certain point; ke (ke) - the plural/standing/animate or plural/standing/inanimate; the scattered

► Dhegiha: to-wa (tówa) - that, those (of one or more persons or things that are more remote than someone/something else or whose exact description in unknown or of little importance to the speech event) [CQ-Osage]

 

those things

► koi-de (koíde) - those things [JOD]

 

those, by those standing objects

► she-ke-ti (šekétti) - by those standing objects

► she-ke-ti (šekétti) - by yonder things [JOD]

► cf. she-ke (šéke) - those non-singular/standing/animate or inanimate objects; ti (tti) - at, by, in; locative

► ex: she-ke-ti kniⁿ! (šekétti knį́!) - sit over there! [JOD]

 

those, you did not say those

► ko-i-she-sha-zhi (kóiše-šáži) - you did not say those [JOD]

► cf. ko-i-she (kóiše) - aforementioned words or manner; so; that; that part; e-sha-zhi (ešáži) - you say not

► ex: i-ye tʰe ko-i-she-sha-zhi (íye tʰe kóiše-šáži) - words/the/you did not say those [JOD]

► ex: ho-ho-xo! ma-shtiⁿ-ke, i-ye tʰe ko-i-she-sha-zhi naⁿ niⁿ-tʰe (hóhoxó! maštį́ke, íye tʰe kóiše-šáži ną́ nįtʰé) - really! Rabbit, you have never talked in this manner before now [JOD]

 

thousand

► kde-bdaⁿ hi taⁿ-ka (kdébdą hi ttą́ka) - thousand, large stock of 10’s

► kde-bnaⁿ hi taⁿ-ka (gĕdēhbŏnāh-hih-tonka) - 1000 [GI]

► kde-bna hi hi taⁿ-ka (kûdebûnû-hi-hi-tûñgâ) - 1000 [LH]

► cf. kde-bdaⁿ hi (kdébdą hí) - hundred, a stock of tens; taⁿ-ka (ttą́ka) - big, large

► Dhegiha: gthe-ba-hi-wiⁿ toⁿ-ga (gthébahíwiⁿ tóⁿga) - “the great hundred” one thousand [Omaha/Ponca]; le-blaⁿ hu-taⁿ-ga (léblaⁿ hutaⁿga), kle-blaⁿ hu-taⁿ-ga (kléblaⁿ hutáⁿga) - thousand [Kaw]

 

thread, deer’s sinew

► ta kaⁿ (ttakką́) - deer’s sinew, thread

► cf. ta (tta) - deer; koⁿ (kkǫ), kaⁿ (kką) - sinew, string, line; root of a plant

► Dhegiha: ta-koⁿ (takóⁿ) - sinew, sinew taken from the backs of deer and buffalo and used for thread, bows, etc. [Omaha/Ponca]; ʰta-ʰkoⁿ (ṭa-ḳóⁿ) - sinew, the sinew made from deerskin was used for sewing [FL-Osage]; ta-kaⁿ (tákáⁿ) - deer sinew used for sewing [Kaw]

 

thread, string, lariat

► wa-hi-oⁿ (wahíǫ) - string, thread, lariat

► ex: wa-hi-oⁿ zhi-ka (wahíǫ žíka) - little rope, string [MS]

► ex: wa-hi-oⁿ zhiⁿ-ka (wahíǫ žį́ka), wa-hi-oⁿ zhi-ka (wahíǫ žíka) - small string

► ex: ma-ze wa-hi-oⁿ o-na-x’oⁿ (máze wáhiǫ onáxʔǫ) - telegraph wire

► ex: ma-ze wa-hi-oⁿ o-na-x’oⁿ i-ka-xe (máze wáhiǫ onáxʔǫ ikáγe) - telegraph

► ex: ni-ka wa-hi-oⁿ (níkka wahíǫ) - rope

 

thread, to thread a needle

► wa-hi-ka zhi-ka o-da-ze (wahíkka žíka odáze) - to thread a needle

► cf. wa-hi-ka zhi-ka (wahíkka žíka) - needle; wa-hi-ka (wahíkka) - awl; o-da-ze (odáze) - to thread a needle

► Dhegiha: wa-hiu-ʰka (wa-hiú-ḳa) - an awl [FL-Osage]; wa-hu-ʰka (wahúʰka) - fork [CQ-Osage]; wa-hu-ka (wahúka) - awl of any sort [Kaw]

 

► o-da-ze (odáze) - to thread a needle ► o-bda-ze (obdáze) - I, o-ta-ze (ottáze) - you, oⁿ-ko-da-za-we (ǫkódazawe) - we

► Dhegiha: o-ya-ze (oyáze) - push through, thread a needle; to push, as a ring on the finger or as a stick into a ring [Kaw]

 

threaten

► i-yi-yaⁿ (íyiyą́), i-e ’oⁿ (ié ʔǫ) - promise, threaten, speak of ► i-yi-maⁿ (íyimą́) - I, i-yi-zhaⁿ (íyižą́) - you

► cf. i-e (ié) - say, talk, speak, word; ’oⁿ (ʔǫ) - do

► ex: i-yi-zhaⁿ (íyižą́) - you speak of it [JOD]

► ex: he-be da-ki-k’iⁿ ta-tʰe i-yi-zhaⁿ te (hébe dakíkʔį ttatʰé íyižą́ tte) - you will speak of carrying your share on your back [JOD]

 

three

► da-bniⁿ (dábnį) - three

► da-bniⁿ (dábnį) - three [MS, MR, AB, FR, OM]

► da-bniⁿ (dā́bne) - three [ASG]

► ex: da-bniⁿ za-ni (dábnį zaní) - three/all [JOD]

► ex: e-shoⁿ i-maⁿ ke da-bniⁿ za-ni t’e-wa-de naⁿ, i-ya (ešǫ́ imą́ ke dábnį zaní tʔéwade ną, iyá) - then he (Rabbit) killed all three of the others, it is said [JOD]

► ex: she-to da-bniⁿ aⁿ-ki-shte (šétto dábnį ą́kišté) - boy/three/I have remaining

► ex: o-wi-ki ta miⁿ-kʰe, she-to da-bniⁿ aⁿ-ki-shte, she-mi she-to aⁿ-niⁿ-ke (owikki tta mįkʰé šétto dábnį ą́kišté, semi šétto ąníke) - I’m going to tell you something, I only have three boys remaining (still alive), I have already lost a boy and a girl [MS]

► Dhegiha: tha-bthiⁿ (thábthiⁿ) - three [Omaha/Ponca]; tha-bthiⁿ (thabthiⁿ) - three; trio [Omaha]; tha-bthiⁿ (thábthiⁿ) - three [FL-Osage]; tha-briⁿ (ðáabrį) - three [CQ-Osage]; ya-bliⁿ (yábliⁿ) - three [Kaw]

 

three apiece, by threes

► da-bniⁿ naⁿ-naⁿ (dábnįną́ną) - by threes; 3 apiece

► cf. da-bniⁿ (dábnį) - three; naⁿ-naⁿ (-ną́ną), na-na (-naná) - distributive of numerals

 

three sleeps, Wednesday

► da-bni zhoⁿ (dábni žǫ) - Wednesday, “three sleeps”

► da-bni zhoⁿ (dábni žǫ) - Wednesday [MS]

► cf. da-bniⁿ (dábnį) - three; zhaⁿ (žą), zhoⁿ (žǫ) - sleep, lie, recline; naⁿ-pa zhoⁿ (nąpá žǫ) - Tuesday, lit. “two sleeps”

► Dhegiha: oⁿ-ba tha-bthiⁿ (oⁿ-ba thabthiⁿ) - Wednesday, third day [Omaha]; hoⁿ-ba we-tha-bthiⁿ (hóⁿ-ba we-tha-bthiⁿ) - Wednesday, “the third day” [FL-Osage]; haⁿ-pa we-tha-briⁿ (hą́ąpa wéðaabrį) - Wednesday, lit., ‘third day’ [CQ-Osage]

 

three, just three

► da-bni-hi (dabníhi) - only three; just three

► cf. da-bniⁿ (dábnį) - three; hi (-hi) - very; with numerals: just, only; naⁿ-pa-hi (nąpáhi), naⁿ-ba-hi (nąbáhi) - two only, just two; to-wa-hi (towáhi) - four only, just four; sa-taⁿ hi (sattą́hi) - just five, only five

 

thrice

► hi-da-bniⁿ (hídabnį́) - thrice

► cf. da-bniⁿ (dábnį) - three; hi-noⁿ-xtiⁿ (hínǫxtį) - once, one time; hi-naⁿpa-iⁿ (hínąpą́į) - twice, two times; hi-to-wiⁿ (hítowį́) - four times; hi-sha-piⁿ (híšappį́) - six times; hi-shaⁿ-kiⁿ (híšą́kkį́) - nine times; hi-sha-pe-a-kniⁿ (híšappeaknį́) - sixteen times

 

throat

► to-te (tótte) - throat

► to-te (tótte) - throat [MS]

► ex: ma-kaⁿ ko-i to-te da-kdi-zha miⁿ-kʰe (makką́ kói tótte dakdižá mįkʰé) - gargle my throat, rinsing, washing (with medicine) [MS]

► ex: to-te ba-xaⁿ (tótte báxą) - adam’s apple

► ex: to-te i-t’e-de (tótte itʔéde) - strangle someone

► ex: to-te o-xi-xi-we (tótte oxíxiwe) - windpipe, trachea

► ex: to-te wa-naⁿ-’iⁿ (tótte waną́ʔį) - necklace

► Dhegiha: nu-de (núde) - the throat, the whole forepart of the neck, including the throat proper and the windpipe [Omaha/Ponca]; nu-de (nude) - throat [Omaha]; do-dse (dó-dse) - throat; gullet [FL-Osage]; to-tse (tóoce) - throat, gullet [CQ-Osage]; do-je (dóje) - throat [Kaw]

 

through

► a-ki-da-xda-te (ákkidaxdátte) - through

► ex: a-ki-da-xda-te de (ákkidaxdátte dé) - to go through

► ex: a-ba-xda-te (ábaxdátte) - he stuck it into (the hair) [JOD]

► ex: i-ka-pʰe a-ba-xda-te (íkapʰe ábaxdátte) - comb that is worn in the hair [JOD]

► ex: ni-shki-ta a-ba-xda-te i-tʰe-de (niškítta ábaxdátte itʰéde) - he stuck it (the pin) into his hair (on the back of the head) [JOD]

► Dhegiha: a-ki-tha-xtha-de (akíthaxthade) - through [Omaha]; we-a-ba-xtha-de (weábaqtháde) - hairpin [Omaha/Ponca]; na-zhi-ha we-ba-xtha-de (nazhíha wébaqtháde) - hairpin [Omaha/Ponca]; moⁿ thi-xtha-de (móⁿthiqtháde) - an arrow-shaft polisher, made of two stones with a small groove through the middle of the inner surface of each [Omaha/Ponca]; maⁿ yu-xla-je (máⁿyuxláje) - arrow shaft polisher made of grooved stones [Kaw]

 

through, pierce through

► ka-xdo (kaxdó) - he got through [JOD]

► cf. ba-xdo (baxdó), ba-xto (baxtó) - pierce, stab, perforate; o-po-xdo (opóxdo), o-po-kto (opókto) - shoot through something

► ex: ka-ta-te ka-xdo (kattátte kaxdó dé) - he got on the mire/he got through/he went [JOD]

► ex: haⁿ-ni-tʰe ka-ta-te ka-xdo de (hą́nitʰé kattátte kaxdó dé) - somehow or other he got through (pierced) the mud/mire [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ba-xthu (baxthu) - pierce [Omaha]; ba-xthu (ba-q¢ú) - to punch a hole, to pierce, to punch through [JOD-Omaha]; ba-xtho-ge (ba-xthó-ge) - to pierce, perforate, punch, make a hole in a piece of leather [FL-Osage]; ba-xlo-ge (baxlóge) - pierce, impale, hold with a fork [Kaw]

 

through, push through

► ba-ki-ki-za (bakkíkkiza) - push through a crowd ► pa-ki-ki-za (ppákkikkíza) - I, shpa-ki-ki-za (špákkikkíza) - you

► cf. ba (ba) - by pushing; ki-di-ki-ze (kidikíze) - give room, make way, clear out [JOD]; wa-ki-za (wakkíza) - space, bare spot; di-ki-ki-za (dikkíkkiza) - clean up, put house in order; di-ki-za (dikkíza) - clean up, put things away

 

► ba-zaⁿ-zaⁿ (bazą́zą) - comb, run fingers through hair ► pa-zaⁿ-zaⁿ (ppázązą) - I, shpa-zaⁿ-zaⁿ (špázązą) - you

► cf. ba (ba) - by pushing; di-zaⁿ (dizą́) - pull open, pull apart

► Dhegiha: ba-zaⁿ (ba-záⁿ) - to part or separate the grass or undergrowth, in pushing his way through [JOD-Omaha]; ba-za-za (baçaça) - section [Omaha]; ba-za-za-be (bazázabe) - push apart into slivers [Kaw]

 

► o-da-ze (odáze) - to thread a needle ► o-bda-ze (obdáze) - I, o-ta-ze (ottáze) - you, oⁿ-ko-da-za-we (ǫkódazawe) - we

► ex: wa-hi-ka zhi-ka o-da-ze (wahíkka žíka odáze) - to thread a needle

► Dhegiha: o-ya-ze (oyáze) - push through, thread a needle; to push, as a ring on the finger or as a stick into a ring [Kaw]

 

through, shoot through something

► o-po-xdo (opóxdo), o-po-kto (opókto) - shoot through something ► o-a-po-xdo (oápoxdo) - I, o-da-po-xdo (odápoxdo) - you

► cf. po (pó) - by shooting, blowing, punching, thrusting; ba-xdo (baxdó), ba-xto (baxtó) - pierce, stab, perforate; ka-xdo (kaxdó), ka-xto (kaxtó) - he got through [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ba-xthu (baxthu) - pierce [Omaha]; ba-xthu (ba-q¢ú) - to punch a hole, to pierce, to punch through [JOD-Omaha]; ba-xtho-ge (ba-xthó-ge) - to pierce, perforate, punch, make a hole in a piece of leather [FL-Osage]; ba-xlo-ge (baxlóge) - pierce, impale, hold with a fork [Kaw]

 

through, split by pulling a knife through

► o-di-ste (odíste) - split by pulling a knife through ► o-bdi-ste (obdíste) - I, o-ti-ste (ottíste) - you

► cf. di-ste (disté) - split, pull off string; di-ste-ste (distéste) - pull into shreds, slivers; o-ste (oste) - crack, cracked, split; o-ste-ke (ostéke) - crack, split; ba-ste (basté) - cut into, gash; ba-ste-ste (bastéste) - cut to shreds, stab repeatedly; bi-ste (bisté) - split, gash; da-ste (dasté) - split with teeth; ka-ste (kasté) - gash, split something; ka-ste-ste (kastéste) - cut or beat to shreds/slivers; ka-ste-ste-ye (kastésteye) - to have cut to shreds; o-ka-ste (okáste) - split something by striking; naⁿ-ste (nąsté) - kick a gash in something; pa-ste (páste) - gash, cut with a knife blade; po-ste (póste) - graze shooting and gash

 

throw at and shatter

► ka-to-we de-de (kattówe déde) - throw at and shatter ► a-to-we de-a-de (áttowe déade) - I, da-to-we de-da-de (dáttowe dedade) - you

► cf. ka (ka) - by striking, by action of the wind or water; ka-to-we (kattówe) - shatter, break in pieces; de-de (déde) - sent away, causative of go; ba-to-we (battówe) - break into pieces, cut up; bi-to-we (bittówe) - break, crumble into pieces; da-to-we (dattówe) - chew to pieces; di-to-we (dittówe) - plow, pulverize the soil; we-di-to-we (wédittówe) - plow; naⁿ-to-we (nąttówe) - step on or kick and break something; pa-to-we (páttowe) - cut into large pieces; po-to-we (póttowe) - punch or shoot to pieces; to-wa-de (ttowáde) - crumble of it’s own accord

► Dhegiha: ga-tu-be (gátube) - crush [Omaha]; ga-ʰto-be (ga-ṭo-be) - to shatter, to pulverize [FL-Osage]

 

throw away

► oⁿ-da (ǫ́da) - throw away

► ex: oⁿ-da (ǫ́da) - threw it away [JOD]

► ex: oⁿ-da de-da-we (ǫ́da dédawe) - they threw it away [JOD]

► ex: oⁿ-da de-da-we (ǫ́da dédawe) - threw it away/they sent it off [JOD

► Dhegiha: oⁿ-tha (oⁿtha) - to forsake, abandon, leave, throw away [Omaha/Ponca]; oⁿ-tha (oⁿtha) - oust; discard; abandon; discharge; disqualify; desert; abandoned [Omaha]; oⁿ-tha (óⁿ-tha) - to throw away; to dispense [FL-Osage]; oⁿ-tha (ǫ́ǫða) - throw away, throw, leave or quit someone, discard someone or something, toss out [CQ-Osage]

 

► oⁿ-de (ǫdé) - throw away, abandon, leave ► oⁿ-bde (ǫbdé) - I, oⁿ-te (ǫtté) - you, oⁿ-oⁿ-da-we (ǫ́ǫdawe) - we, oⁿ-da-we (ǫdáwe) -they

► ex: oⁿ-bde (ǫbdé) - I throw it away [JOD]

► ex: shaⁿ-i-te xwiⁿ niⁿ-kʰe pa-a-shpe naⁿ oⁿ-bde naⁿ ho-taⁿ te (šą́įtte xwį́ nįkʰé páašpe ną ǫbdé ną hóttą tte) - well, when I cut out the bad/offensive smelling part and I throw it away, then it will be good [JOD]

► ex: oⁿ-de (ǫdé) - to throw it away [JOD]

► ex: shaⁿ-i-te xwiⁿ niⁿ-kʰe pa-shpe naⁿ oⁿ-de naⁿ ho-taⁿ te, i-yi (“šą́įtte xwį nįkʰe pášpe ną ǫdé ną hóttą tte, iyí) - well, when the bad/offensive smelling part is cut out and thrown away, then it will be good, he said [JOD]

► ex: oⁿ-da-we (ǫdáwe) - they threw them away [JOD]

► ex: zho-i-ka bdo-ka di-shpa-shpa taⁿ oⁿ-da-we, i-ya (žoíka bdóka dišpášpa attą ǫdáwe, iyá) - tearing his entire body to pieces and scattering the pieces all around, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► Dhegiha: oⁿ-the (ǫ́ǫðe) - throw away, discard, leave behind, remove, as from office, quit someone, divorce or separate from [CQ-Osage]; oⁿ-ye (óⁿye) - leave, throw away, abandon, forsake [Kaw]

 

throw away one’s own for someone

► ki-ki-oⁿ-de (kikkiǫ́de) - to throw away one’s own for someone

► cf. oⁿ-de (ǫdé) - throw away, abandon, leave; ki-oⁿ-de de-de (kiǫ́de déde) - throw something at someone suddenly

► ex: kdi-ze naⁿ ki-ki-oⁿ-de de-de (kdizé ną kíkkiǫ́dé déde) - he took it (his own) and threw it to her [JOD]

► ex: ki-ki-oⁿ-de (kikkiǫ́de) - she threw away her own for him [JOD]

► ex: ki-ki-oⁿ-da de-da-we (kíkkiǫ́da dédawe) - threw away her own for him/they sent it off [JOD]

► ex: to-hi taⁿ-ka kʰe ki-ki-oⁿ-da de-da-we (tóhi ttąká kʰe kíkkiǫ́da dédawe) - they threw the large thorn [JOD]

 

throw away suddenly

► oⁿ-de de-de (ǫ́de déde) - throw away suddenly ► oⁿ-bde de-a-de (ǫ́bde déadé) - I, oⁿ-te de-da-de (ǫ́tte dédadé) - you

► cf. oⁿ-de (ǫdé) - throw away, abandon, leave; de-de (déde) - sent away, causative of go; suddenly, forcibly; throw it off or away

► Dhegiha: oⁿ-tha the-the (óⁿtha théthe) - to throw, toss, fling away [Omaha/Ponca]; oⁿ-tha the-the (oⁿtha thethe) - throw; toss, cast [Omaha]; oⁿ-tha i-the-the (óⁿ-tha i-the-the) - to fling or to toss [FL-Osage]; oⁿ-ye ye-ye (óⁿye yéye) - to throw an object [Kaw]

 

throw back and forth, as the arms when running

► oⁿ-de de-da-da (ǫ́de dédadá) - throw back and forth, as the arms when running

► cf. oⁿ-de (ǫdé) - throw away, abandon, leave; de-de (déde) - sent away, causative of go; suddenly, forcibly; throw it off or away; oⁿ-de de-de (ǫ́de déde) - throw away suddenly

► Dhegiha: oⁿ-tha the-tha-tha (oⁿtha théthatha) - to throw or fling repeatedly [Omaha/Ponca]; a ke aⁿ-tha the-tha-tha (á kĕ áⁿ-¢a ¢é-¢a-¢a) - to send off the arms often; to swing the bent arms often in running [JOD-Omaha]

 

throw it away

► wa-di-si (wadisí) - throw it away, lit. “do not save it” [JOD]

► ex: wa-di-si, ka-xtaⁿ, a-shi-ti aniⁿ hi a-taⁿ ka-xtaⁿ (wadisí, kaxtą́, ašítti anį́ hi attą́ kaxtą́) - throw it away, pour it out, take it outside and pour it out! [JOD]

► ex: wa-di-si, e-zhi o-do-hi pa-xe te (wadisí, éži odóhi ppáγe tte) - throw it out, I will come up with something different [JOD]

► Dhegiha: wa-yu-si (wayúsi) - give away belongings at the death of a kinsman [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: thi-si (thisí) - to give his property at the death of a relation [Omaha/Ponca]; yu-si (yusí) - distribute wealth; give away everything at the death of one of the household or clan [Kaw]

 

throw it off or away

► de-de (déde) - to throw it off; he sent it off or thither; he threw it away or off [JOD]

► de-de (déde) - sent away, causative of go ► de-a-de (déadé) - I, de-da-de (dédadé) - you, de-de (dedé) - he/she, de-oⁿ-da-we (deǫ́dawe) - we, de-da-we (dédawe) - they

► ex: oⁿ-de de-de (ǫ́de déde) - throw away suddenly

► ex: di-hi de-de (dihí dede) - scare off (an animal)

► ex: maⁿ de-de (mą déde) - shoot an arrow

► ex: chʰo de-de (čʰo déde) - spit, send saliva off

► ex: de-a-de (deáde) - I sent it off or thither [JOD]

► ex: iⁿ-tʰiⁿ de-a-de (į́tʰį deáde) - I threw the stick/club [JOD]

► ex: e-kaⁿ niⁿ zho-wa hi a-te-zhe zhi-ka de-a-de kaⁿ miⁿ-kʰe (éką nį žówa hí atéže žíka deáde ką́-mįkʰé) - so, I urinated a little bit, I sent a little off as I was sitting there [JOD]

► ex: haⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ pʰi-a-ki-de i-niⁿ-haⁿ,” i-da-a-ki-he de-a-de (“hąnį́ttą pʰi-ákkidé inįhą́,” idáakihé déadé) - “how can I get myself there?” I said to him [JOD]

► ex: i-shta xi-xi-te pa-xa-taⁿ a-toⁿ-we de-a-de miⁿ-kʰe (ištá xixítte ppaγ[e]á-ttą atǫ́we deáde mįkʰé) - I was peeping out of the corner of my eyes looking at him [JOD]

► ex: de-de (déde) - to throw it off; he sent it off or thither; he threw it away or off [JOD]

► ex: wa-x’o kʰe ni-ka tʰaⁿ iⁿ-tʰiⁿ de-de i-ke (waxʔó kʰe níkka tʰą į́tʰį déde iké) - the woman told the man to throw the stick/club away/off [JOD]

► ex: iⁿ-tʰiⁿ de-de naⁿ ni-ti chʰo-kʰe hi niⁿ (į́tʰį dedé ną nítti čʰokʰé hi nį) - when he threw the stick/club in the water, it made the sound “chʰo” [JOD]

► ex: iⁿ-tʰiⁿ de-de (į́tʰį déde) - stick, club/to throw it off [JOD]

► ex: iⁿ-tʰiⁿ de-de (į́tʰį dedé) - stick, club/he threw it away or off [JOD]

► ex: “haⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ pʰi-a-ki-de i-niⁿ-haⁿ,” i-ke de-de (“hąnį́ttą pʰi-ákkidé inįhą́,” iké déde) - “how can I get myself there?” he said to him [JOD]

► ex: i-shta xi-xi-te ka-xa-taⁿ toⁿ-we de-de kaⁿ-kʰe i-ya-we (ištá xixítte kaγ[e]á-ttą tǫ́we dedé ką-kʰé iyáwe) - peeping out of the corner of the eyes in intervals/she did it/when/she looked at him/she sent it off/so she lay awhile/they say [JOD]

► ex: maⁿ kʰe de-de (mą́ kʰe déde) - arrow/the lg. ob./he sent it off [JOD]

► ex: naⁿ-zha wa-zhiⁿ-ka naⁿ maⁿ ki-di-ze kaⁿ-niⁿ i-ya-we, wa-zhiⁿ-ka t’e-de naⁿ-haⁿ ki-di-ze kaⁿ-niⁿ i-ya-we, maⁿ kʰe de-de naⁿ-haⁿ a-ki-de naⁿ ki-k’i kaⁿ-niⁿ i-ya-we (ną́ža wažį́ka ną mą kidizé ką-nį iyáwe, wažį́ka tʔéde nąhą́ kidizé ką-nį́ iyáwe, mą́ kʰe déde nąhą akidé ną kikʔí ką-nį́ iyáwe) - when he would shoot at a bird, he would get his arrow for him, when he killed a bird, he got it for him, if he shot an arrow off, he would go after it and give it back to him, he was moving around doing this for awhile, they said [JOD]

► ex: de-da-we (dédawe) - they sent it off [JOD]

► ex: aⁿ-da de-da-we (ą́da dédawe) - threw it away/they sent it off [JOD]

► ex: ki-ki-aⁿ-da de-da-we (kíkią́da dédawe) - threw away her own for him/they sent it off [JOD]

► ex: de-da (dedá) - send/throw it away or off! [JOD]

► ex: iⁿ-tʰiⁿ de-da (į́tʰį dedá) - club, stick/throw it away or off! [JOD]

► ex: e-ti ka-ki de-da (étti káki dedá) - throw it (send it) there, in that direction! [JOD]

► ex: “iⁿ-tʰiⁿ ka-ki de-da,” aⁿ-naⁿ-ki-ye (“į́tʰį káki dedá,” ąną́kiye) - “throw the club yonder!” she said to me [JOD]

► ex: “e-ti shi-naⁿ iⁿ-tʰiⁿ ka-ki de-da,” aⁿ-naⁿ-ki-ye (“étti šiną́ į́tʰį káki dedá,” ąną́kiye) - “throw the club/stick there again!” she said to me [JOD]

► Dhegiha: the-the (théthe) - to cause to go; to send off an object; used as an auxiliary verb [Omaha/Ponca]; the-the (thethé) - to go this way (in his own footprints, made previously) [Omaha/Ponca]; the-the (the the) - start; send [Omaha]; the-the (¢é¢ĕ) - send suddenly [JOD-Omaha]; the-the (thé-the) - to send; to transmit [FL-Osage]; the-the (ðéeðe) - make go, cause to go; send; mail [CQ-Osage]; ye-ye (yéye) - auxiliary verb indicating sudden movement or forceful action; far off, in the distance [Kaw]

 

throw it out!

► ba-shoⁿ de-da (bašǫ́ de-dá) - throw it out! [MS]

► cf. ba-shoⁿ (bašǫ́) - spill, push over and spill; de-da (dedá) - throw it away or off!

► Dhegiha: ba-shaⁿ (ba-cáⁿ) - to put out of joint, by pushing or punching; to dislocate, as an arm [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: ba-shoⁿ-tha (bashoⁿtha) - pour, dump [Omaha]; ba-shaⁿ-tha (ba-cáⁿ-¢a) - to push a vessel, cup, box, etc., causing the contents to be spilt out [JOD-Omaha]; ba-shoⁿ-tha (ba-shóⁿ-tha) - to spill water from a vessel, either by accident or on purpose [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: a-ba-shoⁿ-tha (ábashóⁿtha) - push, knock over, spill; to knock over a vessel and spill its contents on someone or something [Omaha/Ponca]; a-ba-shaⁿ-tha (á-ba-cáⁿ-¢a) - to push over a vessel accidentally and empty its contents on a person or on the ground [JOD-Omaha]

 

throw off suddenly

► oⁿ-de-de (ǫ́dedé) - threw off suddenly

► cf. oⁿ-de (ǫdé) - throw away, abandon, leave; de (de) - cause to, to cause

► ex: oⁿ-de-de (ǫ́dedé) - threw off suddenly [JOD]

► ex: ta-to-ka niⁿ-kʰe he-be oⁿ-de-de naⁿ, i-ya maⁿ-tʰo (ttatókka nįkʰé hébe ǫ́dedé ną, iyá mątʰó) - Grizzly bear suddenly threw the piece of fresh meat (towards Rabbit), it is said [JOD]

 

throw on

► a-aⁿ-de (áąde), a-oⁿ-de (áǫde) - to give an illness; communicate a disease ► a-a-aⁿ-bde (áaąbde) - I, a-da-aⁿ-te (ádaątte) - you, oⁿ-ka-aⁿ-da-we (ǫ́kaądawe) - we

► cf. a (a) - on, upon; oⁿ-de (ǫdé) - throw away, abandon, leave

► ex: a-wi-aⁿ-bde (áwią́bde) - I give it (illness) to you

► ex: a-di-aⁿ-de (ádią́de) - he has thrown it on you, he has left his illness with you

► ex: aⁿ-da-aⁿ-te (ą́daątte) - you have thrown away yours (illness) on me

► Dhegiha: a-oⁿ-tha (áoⁿtha) - throw, give, to throw something on someone, to give someone a disease [Omaha/Ponca]

► Dhegiha: a-ʰki-oⁿ-the (á-ḳi-oⁿ-the) - to throw upon [FL-Osage]

 

► a-ka-xtaⁿ (ákaxtą) - throw on [JOD]

► a-ka-xtaⁿ (ákaxtą) - pour water on, baptize ► a-a-ka-xtaⁿ (áakaxtą) - I, a-da-ka-xtaⁿ (ádakaxtą) - you, oⁿ-ka-ka-xtaⁿ-we (ǫkákaxtąwe) - we

► cf. a (a) - on, upon; ka-xtaⁿ (kaxtą́) - pour out, empty something

► Dhegiha: a-ga-xtoⁿ (ágaqtoⁿ) - to drop a liquid on something [Omaha/Ponca]; pe ni a-ga-xtoⁿ (péni agaxtoⁿ) - baptize, anoint [Omaha]; a-ga-xtoⁿ (á-ga-xtoⁿ) - to shed tears, to weep [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: ga-xtaⁿ (ga-qtáⁿ) - to pour out; to throw away a liquid; to empty a barrel, etc., of grain, sugar, etc. [JOD-Omaha]; ni ga-xtoⁿ (ní-ga-xtoⁿ) - to pour water, to spill water [FL-Osage]; ga-xtaⁿ (gaxtáⁿ) - pour out, empty out, throw out dirt [Kaw]

 

throw oneself down on

► a-bi-saⁿ-te zhaⁿ (ábisątte žą́)) - roll over on something; throw oneself down on

► cf. a-bi-saⁿ-te (ábisątte) - catch by pressing on; hold down, e.g., on his back; lie on something; zhaⁿ (žą), zhoⁿ (žǫ) - lie, recline; a-bi-saⁿ-te-zhi (ábisąttéži) - press down on, weight, hold down; o-bi-saⁿ-te (obísątte) - pull something between two objects

► ex: ma-shtiⁿ-ke a-bi-saⁿ-te zhaⁿ (maštį́ke ábisątte žą́) - to throw himself down on a rabbit to catch it

► Dhegiha: a-bi-soⁿ-de (ábisóⁿde) - usual meaning is a vulgar one; to catch an object, as a bird, by pressing the hands down on and around it; to press down on, as a chair leg on any object [Omaha/Ponca]; a-bi-soⁿ-dse (á-bi-çoⁿ-dse) - to press to the ground [FL-Osage]; a-pi-saⁿ (ápisą) - mash, push down on, shut, close, hold down [CQ-Osage]; a-bu-saⁿ-je (ábusaⁿje) - press down on with the hands, as in catching a bird or rabbit; to press or bear hard on, as with a chair leg; to run and jump on something, wrestle [Kaw]; a-ki-bu-saⁿ-je (ákíbusaⁿje) - to wrestle each other [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: zhoⁿ (zhoⁿ) - recline, lie, lie down, to sleep [Omaha/Ponca]; zhoⁿ (zhoⁿ) - day, night, sleep, day, night, 24-hour period, “a sleep” [Omaha/Ponca]; zhoⁿ (zhoⁿ) - to sleep [FL-Osage]; zhaⁿ (žą́ą) - sleep, go to sleep, lie down to sleep, go to bed, sleep over, stay all night, sleep, night's rest, overnight stay [CQ-Osage]; zhaⁿ (zhaⁿ) - lie down, sleep, recline [Kaw]; zhaⁿ (zhaⁿ) - day, a sleep [Kaw]

 

throw something at someone suddenly

► ki-oⁿ-de de-de (kiǫ́de déde) - throw something at someone suddenly

► cf. oⁿ-de (ǫdé) - throw away, abandon, leave; de-de (déde) - sent away, causative of go; suddenly, forcibly; throw it off or away

► ex: ki-oⁿ-de de-de (kíǫde déde) - he threw it suddenly towards his relation [JOD]

► ex: ki-oⁿ-de de-de naⁿ, t’e-xti hi zhaⁿ i-ya sni-wa-te (kíǫde déde ną́, tʔéxti hi žą́ iyá sniwátte) - when he threw it (the head) at him (Winter), Winter laid there stone cold dead, it is said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: gi-oⁿ-tha the-the (gíoⁿtha théthe) - to throw an object against or towards another, not the owner, and to his injury or disadvantage [Omaha/Ponca]; oⁿ-tha the-the (oⁿtha thethe) - hurt; throw; toss; cast [Omaha]

► Dhegiha: gi-oⁿ-tha (gióⁿtha) - to abandon, leave, forsake, or throw away his own [Omaha/Ponca]; gi-oⁿ-tha (gioⁿtha) - discharge; disqualify [Omaha]; ki-oⁿ-tha (kioⁿtha) - exclude [Omaha]; ʰki-oⁿ-tha (ḳi-óⁿ-tha) - to throw each other away; divorce [FL-Osage]; gi-oⁿ-tha (gi-óⁿ-tha) - to discharge [FL-Osage]; ʰki-oⁿ-the (ʰkíǫðe) - divorce, throw each other away [CQ-Osage]

 

throw something down from above

► i-ka-sa de-de (íkasa dedé) - throw something down from above ► i-da-ka-sa de-a-de (idákasa déade) - I, i-da-ka-sa de-da-de (ídakasa dedade) - you

 

throw up, to vomit

► kde-we (kdéwe) - to vomit ► a-kde-we (akdéwe) - I, da-kde-we (dakdéwe) - you, oⁿ-kde-wa-we (ǫkdewawe) - we

► cf. i-kde-we (íkdewe) - vomit up, vomit because of

► ex: ma-shtiⁿ-ke i-kde-we naⁿ (maštį́ke íkdewe ną) - rabbit/vomited him up/past sign [JOD]

► ex: e-shoⁿ di-xa-zhi wa-da-xo-we niⁿ-kʰe ma-shtiⁿ-ke i-kde-we naⁿ, i-ya (ešǫ́ dixáži wadáxowé nįkʰé maštį́ke íkdewe ną, iyá) - then the Hill that draws things (people) into its mouth vomited Rabbit up, it is said [JOD]

► ex: we-kde-wa-zhi naⁿ (wékdewaží ną) - vomited him not up/past sign [JOD]

► ex: e-ti-hi di-xa-zhi wa-da-xo-we niⁿ-kʰe we-kde-wa-zhi naⁿ, i-ya (ettíhi dixáži wadáxowé nįkʰé wékdewaží ną, iyá) - at that time the Hill that draws things (people) into its mouth did not vomit him up, it is said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: gthe-be (gthébe) - to vomit [Omaha/Ponca]; gthe-be (gthébe) - vomit; gag; throw up [Omaha]; gthe-be (gthé-be) - to vomit; retch; spew [FL-Osage]; le-pe (lépe) - vomit [CQ-Osage]; le-be (lébe) - to vomit [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: i-gthe-be (ígthebe) - to vomit on account of something [Omaha/Ponca]

► Dhegiha: we-gthe-be (wégthebe) - to vomit on account of them; to vomit them up [Omaha/Ponca]

 

throwing, fail in throwing or striking

► ka-iⁿ-zhi (kaį́ži) - fail in throwing or striking ► a-iⁿ-zhi (áįži) - I, da-iⁿ-zhi (dáįži) - you, oⁿ-ka-iⁿ-wa-zhi (ǫkáįwaží) - we

► cf. ka (ka) - by striking, by action of the wind or water; zhi (-ži) - negative, not; ba-iⁿ-zhi (baį́ži) - fail or miss pushing at something; bi-iⁿ-zhi (biį́ži) - fail/miss pressing/blowing; da-iⁿ-zhi (daį́ži) - fail using the mouth, voice; di-iⁿ-zhi (díįži) - fail in pulling, rowing, etc.; ka-iⁿ-zhi (kaį́ži) - fail in throwing or striking; naⁿ-iⁿ-zhi (nąį́ži) - fail in walking or with machine; pa-iⁿ-zhi (páįži) - fail in cutting or sawing; po-iⁿ-zhi (póįži) - to be unsuccessful shooting or punching; ta-iⁿ-zhi (táįži), (ttáįži) - fail in cooking, as when fire is not hot enough

► Dhegiha: ga-iⁿ-ba-zhi (ga-íⁿ-ba-zhi) - failure to chop wood because the ax is dull [FL-Osage]; ga-iⁿ-ba-zhe (gaíⁿbazhe) - fail in chopping; fail in throwing, to fail in chopping wood with a dull ax that does not cut at all; to be unsuccessful in throwing [Kaw]

 

 

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