Quapaw Dictionary

English to Quapaw Dictionary
A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H-I-J-K-L-M-N-O-P-Q-R-S-T-U-V-W-X-Y-Z
Quapaw Sources	Dhegiha Sources

Waco Indian - watch	water - wavy	we - weave
wed - wheel	when - whetstone	which - whole
whoop - windless	window - wolf	woman - Wyandotte

whoop

► o-kda-x’a (okdáxʔa) - whoop (once) ► o-a-kda-x’a (oákdaxʔa) - I, o-da-kda-x’a (odákdaxʔa) - you, o-kda-x’a (okdáxʔa) - he/she

► cf. o-kda-x’a-x’a (okdáxʔaxʔá) - whoop, give the scalp yell

► Dhegiha: u-gtha-’a (ugthá’a) - to raise the scalp yell (once); hit the mouth a yell (once) [Omaha/Ponca]

► o-kda-x’a-x’a (okdáxʔaxʔá) - whoop, give the scalp yell ► o-a-kda-x’a-x’a (oákdaxʔáxʔa) - I, o-da-kda-x’a-x’a (odákdax’áx’a) - you; o-kda-x’a-x’a (okdáxʔaxʔá) - he/she, o-kda-x’a-x’a-we (okdáxʔaxʔáwe) - they

► cf. o-kda-x’a (okdáxʔa) - whoop

► ex: o-da-kda-x’a-x’a ta-i (odákdaxʔáxʔa ttaí) - you (plural) will give the scalp yell often [JOD-Rabbit and Black Bear]

► ex: haⁿ-ba o-tʰaⁿ-ka hi taⁿ o-da-kda-x’a-x’a ta-i i-we-ke i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (hą́ba otʰą́ka hi ttą́ odákdaxʔáxʔa ttaí iwéke iyá maštį́ke) - as soon as day arrives, you’all will give the scalp yell, rabbit said to them, it is said [JOD-Rabbit and Black Bear]

► ex: o-kda-x’a-x’a-we ka! (okdáxʔaxʔá-we ká) - give ye the scalp yell often! [JOD-Rabbit and Black Bear]

► ex: e-ti-tʰaⁿ o-kda-x’a-x’a-we ka! (ettítʰą okdáxʔaxʔá-we ká) - at that time you must give the scalp yell! [JOD-Rabbit and Black Bear]

► ex: o-kda-x’a-x’a-we (okdáxʔaxʔáwe) - they gave the scalp yell often [JOD-Rabbit and Black Bear]

► ex: za-ni hi o-kda-x’a-x’a-we i-ya ni-ka-shi-ka ke (zaní hi okdáxʔaxʔáwe iyá níkkašíka ké) - all of the people gave the scalp yell, it is said [JOD-Rabbit and Black Bear]

► ex: o-kda-x’a-x’a-we (okdáxʔaxʔáwe) - they gave the scalp yell often [JOD-Rabbit and Black Bear]

► ex: hoⁿ-tʰaⁿ-hi ni-ka-shi-ka zho-hi hi o-kda-x’a-x’a-we (hǫ́tʰąhi níkkašíka žóhi hi okdáxʔaxʔáwe) - then, a great many people gave the scalp yell [JOD-Rabbit and Black Bear]

► ex: e-de ni-ka-shi-ka zho-hi hi o-kda-x’a-x’a-we i-ya bdo-ka hi (edé níkkašíka žóhi hi okdáxʔaxʔáwe iyá bdóka hi) - but there were a great many people, the entire group gave the scalp yell, it is said (they say) [JOD-Rabbit and Black Bear]

► Dhegiha: u-gtha-’a-’a (ugthá’a’á) - give the scalp yell [JOD-Omaha]; i o-la-k’a-k’a (í olák’ak’a) - to give the war whoop or scalp yell, lit. “to make a succession of arrested sounds come from one’s own mouth”, war whoop, scalp yell [Kaw]

whooshing sound, make a whooshing sound

► ka-xoⁿ-xoⁿ-te (kaxǫ́xǫtte), ka-xo-xo-te (kaxóxotte) - make a whooshing sound

► cf. ga-xoⁿ-xoⁿ-te (gaγǫ́γǫtte) - buzzing, humming sound; ka-xoⁿ-te (kaxǫ́tte) - whizzing sound, as a bullet

whore, hooker

► wa-x’o wa-hoⁿ-ka zhi (waxʔó wáhǫká ži) - whore, hooker

► wa-x’o wa-hoⁿ-ka zhi (uahŭ-uahunkajih) - whore, hooker (putain) [GI]

► cf. wa-x’o (waxʔó) - woman; wa-hoⁿ-ka zhi (wáhǫkáži) - wild, crazy, ill behaved; wa-hoⁿ-ka (wáhǫká) - to be well behaved; zhi (ži), a-zhi (aži) - negative, not, negation

► Dhegiha: wa-hoⁿ-ga-shi (wahóⁿgashi) - mischievous, a nickname [Osage]; wa-hoⁿ-ga-zhi (wáhoⁿgazhi) - fearless, unafraid of the cold, not to be afraid of the cold, as said of one who does not seek a shelter, but continues traveling on foot or horseback [Kaw]

whortleberries

► sha-zhi-ka (šážika) - whortleberries

► sha-zhi-ka hi (šážika hí) - whortleberry bush(es)

► cf. hi (hi) - tree, bush, vine, stalk, leg

► sha-zhi-ka taⁿ-ka (šážika ttą́ka) - the large whortleberry bush

► cf. taⁿ-ka (ttą́ka) - big, large

whose

► ho-wa-ta (hówatta) - whose

► cf. ho-wa (hówa), ho-a (hóa) - who, who is it; where; what; which; i-ta (ittá), e-ta (ettá) - his, hers, its

► ex: maⁿ-te ho-wa-ta (mą́tte hówattá) - whose bow is this?

► ex: shoⁿ-ke ho-wa-ta (šǫ́ke howattá) - whose dog is this?

► ex: shoⁿ-ke-a-kniⁿ ho-wa-ta (šǫ́keáknį hówattá) - whose horse is this?

► ex: te-ska wa-x’o ho-wa-ta (tteská waxʔó hówattá) - whose cow is this?

► Dhegiha: a-wa (áwa) - where, what, which, who [Omaha/Ponca]; ho-wa (hówa) - where; what; which [FL-Osage]; ho-wa (hówa) - which, which one [CQ-Osage]; ho-wa (hówa) - what; which one (specified by shape); where is the X-shaped object [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: e-ta (etá) - his, her, its, hers [Omaha/Ponca]; i-ʰta (i-ṭá) - his or hers [FL-Osage]; i-ʰta (íʰta) - be his/hers, theirs, belong to him/her, them [CQ-Osage]; i-ta (itá), (íta) - his, her, hers, its, their(s); be one’s; belong to [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: e-be e-ta (ébe etá) - whose; e-be a-ta(ebéata) - whose [Omaha]; pe i-ʰta (pée íʰta) - whose, “who owns it, to whom does it belong” [CQ-Osage]; be i-ta (be itá) - whose [Kaw]

why

► haⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ (hąnį́ttą), hoⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ (hǫnį́ttą) - why or how

► hoⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ (hǫnį́ttą) - why [MS]

► ex: hoⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ te (hǫnį́ttą tté) - why you going? [MS]

► ex: hoⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ te ta ni-kʰe (hǫnį́ttą tté tta nikʰé) - why will you be going?, why are you going? [MS]

► ex: hoⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ toⁿ ti te ta ni-kʰe (hǫnį́ttą ttǫ tti tté tta nikʰé) - why you go to town? (why are you going to town?) [MS]

► ex: shoⁿ-ke hoⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ o-ho tʰaⁿ (šǫ́ke hǫnį́ttą óho tʰą) - why is dog barking? [MS]

► ex: hoⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ o-ho zhi da-tʰi ta (hǫnį́ttą óho ži datʰí tta) - how come he (dog) doesn't bark when you come around? [MS]

► ex: hoⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ shoⁿ-ke o-di-ho zhi (hǫnį́ttą šǫ́ke ódiho ži) - why didn't dog, didn't bark at you? [MS]

► ex: hoⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ a-ha-ze ni-hoⁿ? (hǫnį́ttą aháze nihǫ́) - why would I run away? [JOD-Coyote and Buffalo]

► ex: haⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ aⁿ-t’e (hąnį́ttą ątʔé) - why/me die [JOD-Rabbit killed Winter]

► ex: hoⁿ-zhi, wi-te-ke, haⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ aⁿ-t’e ni-hoⁿ? (hǫží, wítteke, hąnį́ttą ątʔé nihǫ́) - no, mother’s brother, how could I possibly die? [JOD-Rabbit killed Winter]

► ex: haⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ (hąnį́ttą) - how possible or why [JOD-Rabbit killed Winter]

► ex: haⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ, wi-te-ke naⁿ-pe ni-ke ni-hoⁿ? (hąnį́ttą, wittéke ną́ppe niké nihǫ́) - how could it be possible that my mother’s brother fears nothing [JOD-Rabbit killed Winter]

► ex: hoⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ (hǫnį́ttą) - how or why [JOD-Rabbit and Black Bear]

► ex: hoⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ za-ni t’e-a-wa-da-i ni-hoⁿ! i-ya-we i-ya wa-sa ke (hǫnį́ttą zaní tʔeáwadaí nihǫ́! iyáwe iyá wasá ke) - how could anyone kill all of us!, the black bears said, it is said [JOD-Rabbit and Black Bear]

► ex: hoⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ shkoⁿ-aⁿ-de ni-hoⁿ (hǫnį́ttą škǫ́ądé nihǫ́) - how would it be possible for anyone to make me move [JOD-Rabbit and Black Bear]

► ex: hoⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ t’e-da-de ni-hoⁿ (hǫnį́ttą tʔédade nihǫ́) - how would it be possible for you to kill him [JOD-Rabbit and Black Bear]

► ex: hoⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ da-xa-ke (hǫnį́ttą daγáke) - why/you cry [JOD-Rabbit and Black Bear]

► ex: ma-shtiⁿ-ke hoⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ da-xa-ke e, i-yi i-ya wa-sa niⁿ-kʰe (maštį́ke hǫnį́ttą daγáke e, iyí iyá wasá nįkʰe) - rabbit, why are you crying? it is said the black bear said [JOD-Rabbit and Black Bear]

► ex: haⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ kdi-zhi hi (hąnį́ttą kdíži hí) - why/he has not come back/very [JOD-Fire Coal and Sinew]

► ex: ko-ta haⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ kdi-zhi hi a-taⁿ, i-niⁿ-aⁿ naⁿ i-toⁿ-we de (kóta hąnį́ttą kdíži hí áttą, ínįą́ ną itǫ́we dé) - he thought, why has (my) friend not returned, he went to look for him [JOD-Fire Coal and Sinew]

► ex: haⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ i-ti-bnaⁿ ni-kʰé (hąnį́ttą ittíbną nikʰé) - why/thee satiated or, thee lonesome/you who sit [JOD-Red Hair]

► ex: haⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ i-ti-bnaⁿ ni-kʰé, iⁿ-kdaⁿ, i-ke i-ya-we (hąnį́ttą ittíbną nikʰé, įkdą́, iké iyáwe) - first son, why is it that you have had enough, you are tired of this, she (grandmother) said to him (rabbit), they say [JOD-Red Hair]

► ex: haⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ pʰi a-ki-de i-ni-hoⁿ (hąnį́ttą pʰi-ákkidé inihǫ́) - how/I cause myself to reach there/can it be [JOD-Red Hair]

► ex: e-hi-te haⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ pʰi a-ki-de i-ni-hoⁿ, i-ke de-de (ehitté hąnį́ttą pʰi-ákkidé inihǫ́, iké déde) - how would it even be possible for me to get there, he shouted to him [JOD-Red Hair]

► ex: haⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ (hąnį́ttą) - what is the matter [JOD-Rabbit and Hill]

► ex: e-shoⁿ, i-kaⁿ-e! haⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ ko-i i-she e (ešǫ́, ikką́-e! hąnį́ttą kói išé e) - and then he said, grandmother, why do you say that? [JOD-Rabbit and Hill]

► haⁿ-taⁿ (hą́ttą), hoⁿ-tʰaⁿ (hǫ́tʰą) - why or how, haⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ (hąnį́ttą) in full

► ex: haⁿ-tʰaⁿ she-tʰe-kaⁿ (hą́tʰą šétʰeką́) - why/are you thus [JOD-Raccoon and Rabbit]

► ex: haⁿ-tʰaⁿ she-tʰe-kaⁿ, i-ye niⁿ (hą́tʰą šétʰeką́, iyé nį) - why are you that way? he (rabbit) was saying as he moved along [JOD-Raccoon and Rabbit]

► hoⁿ-tʰe (hǫ́tʰe), haⁿ-te (hą́tte), hoⁿ-te (hǫ́tte) - why

► ex: e hoⁿ-tʰe a-shi-oⁿ-he ni-she (e hǫ́tʰe ášiǫ́he níše) - why are you following behind?

► ex: e hoⁿ-tʰe a-shi-oⁿ-he ni-she (e hǫ́tʰe ášiǫ́he nišé) - that/why/behind/you who move (= you are moving behind) [JOD-Red Hair]

► ex: e hoⁿ-tʰe a-shi-oⁿ-he ni-she, xa-da tʰi-kda (e hǫ́tʰe ášiǫ́he nišé, xáda tʰikdá) - why are you following along behind, go back from where you came [JOD-Red Hair]

► ex: hoⁿ-tʰe ko-i-she zhoⁿ e (hǫ́tʰe kóiše žǫ́ e) - why did you do that? [JOD-Rabbit caught Sun]

► ex: shi-ke shka-xe! hoⁿ-tʰe ko-i-she zhoⁿ e? de-do hi a-tʰaⁿ aⁿ-di-shka! (šiké škáγe! hǫ́tʰe kóiše žǫ́ e? dédo hí átʰą ą́dišká!) - you have done bad! why did you do that? come here and untie me! [JOD-Rabbit caught Sun]

► ex: e hoⁿ-tʰe ko-i-she oⁿ taⁿ (e hǫ́tʰe kóiše ǫ́-ttą) - why does he wish to do that? [JOD-Rabbit caught Sun]

► ex: e hoⁿ-tʰe ko-i-she oⁿ-wi taⁿ (e hǫ́tʰe kóiše ǫ́wi-ttą) - why do they wish to do that? [JOD-Rabbit caught Sun]

► ex: hoⁿ-tʰe ta-ta-wa-zhi (hǫ́tʰe ttatáwaži) - why/you (pl.) do not eat [JOD-Rabbit and Hill]

► ex: hoⁿ-tʰe ta-ta-wa-zhi e (hǫ́tʰe ttatáwaži e) - why do you’all not eat? [JOD-Rabbit and Hill]

► ex: haⁿ-tʰe a-tiⁿ shki-zhi (hą́tʰe attį́ škiží) - why/you did not bring it home [JOD-Four Women]

► ex: haⁿ-tʰe a-tiⁿ shki-zhi a, aⁿ-da-tʰe te-a (hą́tʰe attį́ škiží a, ądátʰe ttéa) - why didn’t you bring it here? we will eat it [JOD-Four Women]

► ex: haⁿ-te e wa-kʰe niⁿ (hą́tte é wakʰé nį) - why/that/he meant/the moving [JOD-Fire Coal and Sinew]

► ex: haⁿ-te e wa-kʰe niⁿ e-taⁿ, i-niⁿ-aⁿ naⁿ a-na-zhiⁿ (hą́tte é wakʰé nį ettą́, ínįą́ ną ánažį) - when he stood on (the point of land), he thought to himself, what did he mean by that [JOD-Fire Coal and Sinew]

► hoⁿ-ni-haⁿ (hǫ́nihą), haⁿ-ni-haⁿ (hą́nihą́) - that is the matter, it is this; why, this is why

► ex: hoⁿ-ni-haⁿ (hǫ́nihą) - that is the matter, it is this [JOD-Valliere Rem]

► ex: hoⁿ-ni-haⁿ di-a-te zhi-ka i-yo-wi taⁿ a-kda-niⁿ kdi kʰe, pa kaⁿ-ka tʰaⁿ-tʰaⁿ, e-koⁿ da-kʰi koⁿ-da, i-e (hǫ́nihą diátte-žíka íyowí-ttą akdánį kdí kʰe, ppá kkąkká tʰątʰą́, ekǫ́ dakʰí kǫdá, ié) - he said, something has happened, your step-father was wounded at the store of Crooked Nose and they took his body home, so your mother wishes you to come home [JOD-Valliere Rem]

► ex: haⁿ-ni-haⁿ wa-naⁿ-bde wa-niⁿ-ke-hi-we (hą́nihą́ waną́bde wanį́kehiwé) - why/food/we have none at all [JOD-Red Hair]

► ex: ha-o, haⁿ-ni-haⁿ wa-naⁿ-bde wa-niⁿ-ke-hi-we a-taⁿ aⁿ-naⁿ-bnaⁿ miⁿ-kʰe, i-ke i-ya-we (hao, hą́nihą́ waną́bde wanį́kehiwé attą́ ąną́bną mįkʰé, iké iyáwe) - well, we have no food at all and I have had enough, I’m tired of this, he (rabbit) said to her (grandmother), they say [JOD-Red Hair]

► e ha-oⁿ te ko-i-she oⁿ taⁿ (é haǫ́ tte kóiše ǫ-tą) - that, why does he/she/it wish to do that

► ex: e ha-zhoⁿ te ko-i-she zhoⁿ taⁿ, i-yi i-a wa-x’o zhi-ka niⁿ-kʰe (éhažǫ́ tte kóišežǫ́-tą, iyí iá waxʔo žiká nįkʰé) - the old woman said, why would you do that? it is said (they say) [JOD-Rabbit caught Sun]

► ex: e ha-zhoⁿ te ko-i-she zhoⁿ-wi taⁿ (e hažǫ́ tte kóiše žǫ́wi-tą) - why do ye wish to do that [JOD-Rabbit caught Sun]

► ex: e ha-oⁿ te ko-i-she oⁿ taⁿ (é haǫ́ tte kóiše ǫ-tą) - why does he wish to do that [JOD-Rabbit caught Sun]

► ex: e ha-oⁿ te ko-i-she oⁿ-wi taⁿ (e haǫ́ tte kóiše ǫ́wi-tą) - why do they wish to do that [JOD-Rabbit caught Sun]

► ko (kó) - why!; interjection [JOD-Four Women]

► wa-ti (wattí) - why, wherefore

why or how is there

► haⁿ-e-taⁿ (hą́ettą́) - why or how is this; wherefore

► cf. haⁿ (hą), hoⁿ (hǫ) - what, how, in what manner

► ex: “haⁿ-e-taⁿ? e-ti bde te,” i-niⁿ-aⁿ i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“hą́ettą́? étti bdé tté,” ínįą́ iyá maštį́ke) - “why is this? I will go there,” thought Rabbit, it is said [JOD]

► Dhegiha: hoⁿ-e-doⁿ (hóⁿ-e-doⁿ) - to be in suspense [FL-Osage]

Wichita Indians

► wi-si-ta (wísitta) - Wichita Indians, Kwapa name for the Wichita Indians

► wi-tsi-ta (witsitā), we-tsi-ta (wétsitā) - Wichita Indian [ASG]

► wi-tsi-ta-we (witsitáwe), we-tsi-ta-we (wetsitȃwe) - Wichita Indians, plural [ASG]

► Dhegiha: wi-chi-ta (wichita) - Wichita Tribe [Omaha]; wi-tsi-ʰta (wí-tsi-ṭa) - a Wichita, Wichitas, Wichita tribe of Indians [FL-Osage]; wi-tsi-ʰta (wíciʰta) - Wichita tribe or tribal member [CQ-Osage]; mi-tsi-ta (mítsitá) - Wichita people or tribe [Kaw]

Wichita River

► wi-si-ta ni (wísitta ni) - Wichita River

► wi-chʰi-taⁿ ni (witchi tánni) - Wichita River [ASG]

► cf. wi-si-ta (wísită) - Kwapa name for the Wichita Indians [JOD]

wide, as a road

► bda-xa (bdáxa) - wide, as a road

► cf. bda-da (bdáda) - flat, level; bda-ska (bdáska) - flat

► Dhegiha: btha (btha) - open, spread out [Omaha/Ponca]; bla (bla) - spread out, as dishes on the table [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: btha-k’a (bthá-ḳ’a) - flat board [FL-Osage]; bra-k’a (brákʔa) - flat [CQ-Osage]; bla-k’a (blák’a) - flat on the surface, as boards [Kaw]

wider at one end than other

► o-zi-ka (ozíkka) - wider at one end than other

► cf. zi-ka (zíkka) - sharp at the end, pointed; ba-zi-ka (bazíkka) - sharpen; bi-zi-ka (bizíkka) - sharpen by rubbing, hone; da-zi-ka (dazíkka) - chew to a point, sharpen; di-zi-ka (dizíkka) - sharpen; ki-di-zi-ka (kídizíkka) - sharpen something for someone; ka-zi-ka (kazíkka) - sharpen, as with an axe, whittle; kdi-zi-ka (kdizíkka) - sharpen pulling toward oneself; pa-zi-ka (pázikka) - whittle to a point; ta-zi-ka (tázikka) - burn to a point

widow

► ni-ka ki-t’e (níkka kitʔe) - widow, to lose one’s husband

► cf. ni-ka (níkka) - man, husband, male animal; ki-t’e (kitʔé) - die, said of one’s kin; t’e (tʔe) - die; wa-x’o ki-t’e (waxʔó kitʔé) - widower, to lose by death one's woman, become a widower; shoⁿ-ke ki-t’e (šǫ́ke kitʔé) - his/her dog died

► Dhegiha: ni-ka gi-ts’e (níka gits’é) - widow [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: gi-t’e (gít’e) - to die to or for one [Omaha/Ponca]; gi-t’e (gí-ts’e) - to lose a relative by death [FL-Osage]; gi-ts’e (gits’é) - one’s own (kinsman or animal) to die on one [Kaw]

► wa-x’o ki-t’e (waxʔó kitʔé) - widower, to lose by death one’s woman, become a widower

► cf. wa-x’o (waxʔó) - woman, wife, female animal; ki-t’e (kitʔé) - die, said of one’s kin; t’e (tʔe) - die; ni-ka ki-t’e (níkka kitʔe) - widow, to lose one’s husband; shoⁿ-ke ki-t’e (šǫ́ke kitʔé) - his/her dog died

► ex: wa-x’o ki-t’e niⁿ-kʰe (waxʔó kitʔé-nįkʰé) - the widower

► Dhegiha: wa-ʰk’o gi-ʰts’e (wa-ḳ’ó gi-ṭs’e) - a widower [FL-Osage]; wa-k’o gi-ts’e (wak’o gits’é) - widower, lit. “his own woman/wife died/is dead” [Kaw]

wife

► i-ka-xnaⁿ (ikáxną), i-ka-xnoⁿ (ikáxnǫ), e-ka-xnaⁿ (ekáxną), ka-xnoⁿ (káxnǫ) - wife, man’s wife ► wi-ka-xnaⁿ (wikáxną) - my, di-ka-xnaⁿ (dikáxną) - your, i-ka-xnaⁿ (ikáxną), e-ka-xnaⁿ (ekáxną), ka-xnoⁿ (káxnǫ) - his

► ex: wi-ka-xnaⁿ i-a-ki-de te aⁿ-naⁿ-hi-ta (wikáxną iákide tté ąną́hittá) - I am anxious to see my wife

► ex: zha-we e-ka-xnaⁿ niⁿ-kʰe (žáwe ekáxną nįkʰé) - the beaver’s wife [JOD-Four Creators]

► ex: ka-xnoⁿ (káxnǫ) - his wife [JOD-Rabbit killed Winter]

► ex: hi-de tʰe-ti, ma-shtiⁿ-ke sni-wa-te ka-xnoⁿ niⁿ-kʰe i-ki-aⁿ-xe (hidé tʰettí maštį́ke sniwátte káxnǫ nįkʰé íkiąγé) - when he had gone, the rabbit questioned the winter’s wife [JOD-Rabbit killed Winter]

► ex: e-ka-xna niⁿ-kʰe (ekáxną nįkʰe) - his wife/the st. ob. [JOD-Rabbit and Grizzly]

► ex: e-ka-xna niⁿ-kʰe wa-k’iⁿ tʰe o-da-ki-ta ti (ekáxną nįkʰe wakʔį́ tʰe ódakittá tti) - when you summoned his wife to carry the meat [JOD-Rabbit and Grizzly]

► ex: e-ka-xnaⁿ niⁿ-kʰe (ekáxną nįkʰé) - his wife/the sitting object [JOD-Cinderella]

► ex: i-shta-xe sh’a-ke e-ka-xnaⁿ niⁿ-kʰe e-naⁿ-pa ti-kda-wi (ištáxe šʔáke ekáxną nįkʰé enąpá ttíkdawí) - the old frenchman and his wife were living together [JOD-Cinderella]

► Dhegiha: i-ga-xthoⁿ (igáqthoⁿ) - his wife [Omaha/Ponca]; i-ga-xthoⁿ (igaxthoⁿ) - wife; slave [Omaha]

► wa-x’o i-ta (waxʔó ittá) - wife ► wa-x’o wi-ta (waxʔó wítta) - my, wa-x’o di-ta (waxʔó dítta) - your, wa-x’o i-ta (waxʔó ittá) - his

► cf. wa-x’o (waxʔó) - woman; i-ta (ittá), e-ta (ettá) - his, hers, its (alienable); wi-ta (wítta) - my, mine; di-ta (dítta) - your, yours

► ex: wa-x’o wi-ta (waxʔó wítta) - my wife [MS]

► ex: wa-x’o wi-ta (waxʔó wítta) - woman/my [JOD-Woman changed into Serpent]

► ex: wa-x’o wi-ta we-s’a o-do-hi naⁿ ni-ti de (waxʔó wítta wés’a odóhi ną nítti dé) - when my woman (wife) turned into a snake, she went into the water [JOD-Woman changed into Serpent]

► ex: wa-x’o di-ta (waxʔó dítta) - woman/thy [JOD-Woman changed into Serpent]

► ex: kʰi naⁿ, hoⁿ wa-x’o di-ta di-t’e a-e (kʰí ną, hǫ waxʔó dítta ditʔé ae) - when he reached home (he was asked), what happened to your woman, did she die on you? [JOD-Woman changed into Serpent]

► ex: wa-x’o ni-ke hi niⁿ-kʰe (waxʔó niké hi nįkʰé) - he’s no good, “he has no woman/wife” [AG]

► ex: wa-x’o ni-ka zho-ki-kde ta-bde da-we (waxʔó nikká žókikde tábde dáwe) - a man went hunting with his woman/wife [JOD-Woman changed into Serpent]

► Dhegiha: wa-k’o i-ʰta (wakʔó íʰta) - wife [CQ-Osage]; wa-k’o i-ta (wak’o itá) - his wife [Kaw]]

► i-haⁿ-ka (ihą́ka), i-hoⁿ-ka (ihǫ́ka), e-haⁿ-ka (ehą́ka), e-hoⁿ-ka (ehǫ́ka) - a man’s sister-in-law, his potential wife ► wi-haⁿ-ka (wihą́ka) - my, di-haⁿ-ka (dihą́ka) - your, i-haⁿ-ka (ihą́ka) - his

► Dhegiha: i-hoⁿ-ga (ihóⁿga) - his potential wife: including his wife’s sister, his wife’s father's sister, his wife’s brother’s daughter, and his brother’s wife [Omaha/Ponca]; i-hoⁿ-ga (í-hoⁿ-ga) - sister-in-law [FL-Osage]; i-haⁿ-ka (ihą́ka) - his brother’s wife or his wife’s sister, more precise than English “his sister-in-law” [CQ-Osage]; i-hoⁿ-ga (ihóⁿga) - sister-in-law, man’s wife’s sister, therefore his potential wife [Kaw]

wife, take a wife

► knoⁿ-ke (knǫké) - marry a woman ► a-knoⁿ-ke (áknǫke) - I, da-knoⁿ-ke (dáknǫke) - you, knoⁿ-ke (knǫké) - he

► cf. miⁿ-knaⁿ (mį́kną) - marry, take a wife, the male term for “to marry”; wa-knoⁿ-ke (wáknǫké) - marry more than one wife; ki-knoⁿ-ke (kiknǫké) - marriage, married, marry

► ex: ka-hi-ke e-zhaⁿ-ke miⁿ knoⁿ-ke naⁿ (kahíke ežą́ke mį knǫké ną) - he married one of the chief’s daughters [JOD-Rabbit and Monkey]

► ex: iⁿ-ta-te, da-knoⁿ-ke koⁿ-bda (įttatté, dáknǫké kkǫbdá) - father/you marry her/I wish [JOD-Cinderella]

► ex: iⁿ-ta-te, da-knoⁿ-ke koⁿ-bda, she-mi ke a-wa-ki-shka-te kaⁿ-a-ni-he koⁿ-bda (įttatté, dáknǫké kkǫbdá, šémi ké awákkiškátte ką́-anihé kkǫbdá) - my father, I want you to marry her, I want to be playing with those girls [JOD-Cinderella]

► ex: ko-i-shoⁿ-taⁿ knoⁿ-ke taⁿ ta-bde naⁿ (kóišǫ́ttą knǫké tą tábde ną) - then/he married her/when/he hunted/when [JOD-Cinderella]

► ex: ko-i-shoⁿ-taⁿ knoⁿ-ke taⁿ ta-bde naⁿ ta t’e-de taⁿ a-zho-wa ta da-tʰe-wi [da-tʰa-wi] (kóišǫ́ttą knǫké tą tábde ną ttá tʔéde tą ážowa tta dátʰewi [dátʰawi]) - then, when he had married her, he hunted, he killed deer, they had an abundance of deer to eat [JOD-Cinderella]

► ex: ko-i-shoⁿ-taⁿ e-ti knoⁿ-ke te (kóišǫ́ttą étti knǫké tte) - then/there/marry her/the (will) [JOD-Cinderella]

► ex: ko-i-shoⁿ-taⁿ e-ti knoⁿ-ke te i-ka-zo-zo ka-xe a-taⁿ a-ki-niⁿ hi taⁿ toⁿ-we taⁿ naⁿ-zha, e-koⁿ te, i-ke i-ya[-we] (kóišǫ́ttą étti knǫké tte ikazózo káγe áttą akínį hí tą tǫ́we tą nąža, ekǫ́ tte, iké iyá[we]) - then, when she looked at (read) the marriage proposal letter that he had written and taken to her, she said, so shall it be, it is said (they say) [JOD-Cinderella]

► ex: ka-hi-ke taⁿ-ka e-zhiⁿ-ke knoⁿ-ke te (kahíke ttą́ka ežį́ke knǫké tte) - chief/large/his son/he marry/will [JOD-Cinderella]

► ex: e hoⁿ-pe niⁿ-kʰe, ho-wa-ke ki-shoⁿ-i naⁿ, ka-hi-ke taⁿ-ka e-zhiⁿ-ke knoⁿ-ke te, i-ye tʰe i-ya[-we] (e hǫpé nįkʰé howaké kišǫ́i ną́, kahíke ttą́ka ežį́ke knǫké tte, iyé tʰe iyá[we]) - he said, Big Chief’s son will marry whoever fits that shoe, it is said (they say) [JOD-Cinderella]

► ex: de-do niⁿ wa-haⁿ-niⁿ-ke naⁿ-haⁿ tʰaⁿ knoⁿ-ke te (dedó nį wahą́nįké nąhą́ tʰą́ knǫké tte) - here/the moving/orphan/grown/the standing/he marry her/will [JOD-Cinderella]

► ex: ko-i-shoⁿ-taⁿ ka-hi-ke taⁿ-ka e-zhiⁿ-ke tʰaⁿ ka-ki ke wa-di-haⁿ-zhi a-taⁿ de-do niⁿ wa-haⁿ-niⁿ-ke naⁿ-haⁿ tʰaⁿ knoⁿ-ke te (kóišǫ́ttą kahíke ttą́ka ežį́ke tʰą kakí ke wadíhąži áttą dedó nį wahą́nįké nąhą́ tʰą́ knǫké tte) - then, Big Chief’s son abandoned them, he let them go (those that were at the dance) …. the grown orphan, he will marry her, she will live here [JOD-Cinderella]

► Dhegiha: gthoⁿ (gthoⁿ) - to take a wife; to take someone as one’s wife [Omaha/Ponca]; gthoⁿ-ge (gthoⁿ-ge) - to take a wife, to marry, refers to a man [FL-Osage]; laⁿ-ke (lą́ke) - marry a woman, take as a wife [CQ-Osage]; laⁿ-ge (láⁿge), loⁿ-ge (lóⁿge) - marry, take a wife (male term) [Kaw]

► ki-knoⁿ-ke (kiknǫké) - marry, marry each other, pair off as mates, intermarry

► ki-knoⁿ-ke (kighenokieh) - marriage, wedding (mariage) [GI]

► cf. miⁿ-knaⁿ (mį́kną) - marry, take a wife, the male term for “to marry”; knoⁿ-ke (knǫké) - marry a woman; wa-knoⁿ-ke (wáknǫké) - marry more than one wife

► ex: ki-knoⁿ-ke ta niⁿ-kʰa (kiknǫké tta nįkʰá) - they’re married (they’re going to be married) [MS]

► ex: ki-knoⁿ-ke ta niⁿ-kʰa iⁿ-chʰoⁿ i (kiknǫké tta nįkʰá į́čʰǫ i) - they’re married (they’re going to be married, now) [MS]

► Dhegiha: gi-gthoⁿ (gigthoⁿ) - marriage [Omaha]; ʰki-gthoⁿ-ge (ḳi-gthóⁿ-ge) - intermarrying into another tribe [FL-Osage]; ʰki-laⁿ-ke (ʰkilą́ke) - marry each other [CQ-Osage]; ki-laⁿ-ge (kílaⁿge) - pair off as mates; marry, intermarry [Kaw]; ki-loⁿ-ge (kíloⁿge), ki-laⁿ-ge (kílaⁿge) - marry (each other) [Kaw]

► ki-ki-knoⁿ-ke (kkikkíknǫké) - marry each other, marry one another

► cf. knoⁿ-ke (knǫké) - marry a woman; ki-knoⁿ-ke (kiknǫké) - marry, marry each other, pair off as mates, intermarry

► ex: ki-ki-knoⁿ-ka-we (kkikkíknǫkáwe) - they married each other [JOD-Four Women]

► ex: ko-i-shoⁿ-taⁿ ki-ki-knoⁿ-ka-we i-ya-we (kóišǫ́ttą kkikkíknǫkáwe iyáwe) - then they married each other, they say [JOD-Four Women]

► ex: ki-ki-knoⁿ-ka-i (kkikkíknǫkaí) - they had married each other [JOD-Four Women]

► ex: ki-ki-knoⁿ-ka-i naⁿ sh’a-taⁿ-ka ti e-ta tʰe-ta zho-ki-kde a-taⁿ da-we (kkikkíknǫkaí ną šʔattą́ka tti ettá tʰettá žókikde áttą dáwe) - when they had married each other, they went to live in her lodge, the devil went with her [JOD-Four Women]

► miⁿ-knaⁿ (mį́kną) - marry, take a wife, the male term for “to marry” ► miⁿ-a-knaⁿ (mįakną) - I, miⁿ-da-knaⁿ (mįdakną) - you, miⁿ-knaⁿ (mį́kną) - he

► cf. miⁿ (mį), mi (mi) - female; knoⁿ-ke (knǫké) - marry a woman; wa-knoⁿ-ke (wáknǫké) - marry more than one wife; ki-knoⁿ-ke (kiknǫké) - marriage, married, marry

► ex: haⁿ-tʰaⁿ-hi ho-mi-ta-ta niⁿ-kʰe miⁿ-knaⁿ ti-kde naⁿ i-a (hą́tʰąhí hómittátta nįkʰé mį́kną ttíkde ną iá) - once upon a time, the monkey married and dwelt in a lodge, it is said [JOD-Four Creators]

► Dhegiha: miⁿ-gthoⁿ (míⁿgthoⁿ) - to take a wife, mary [Omaha/Ponca]; mi-gthoⁿ (migthoⁿ) - marry, married man [Omaha]; mi-gthoⁿ-ge (mí-gthoⁿ-ge) - matrimony (male) [FL-Osage]; miⁿ-laⁿ-ke (mį́įląke) - marry a woman, take a wife, marry; married (referring to a man); wedding, marriage [CQ-Osage]; miⁿ-laⁿ-ge (míⁿlaⁿge) - marry, get married (male reference only) [Kaw]

► wa-knoⁿ-ke (wáknǫké) - marry more than one wife ► a-wa-knoⁿ-ke (awáknǫké) - I, wa-da-knoⁿ-ke (wadáknǫké) - you, wa-knoⁿ-ke (wáknǫké) - he

► cf. miⁿ-knaⁿ (mį́kną) - marry, take a wife, the male term for “to marry”; knoⁿ-ke (knǫké) - marry a woman; ki-knoⁿ-ke (kiknǫké) - marriage, married, marry

► Dhegiha: wa-gthoⁿ-ge (wa-gthóⁿ-ge) - he has married them [FL-Osage]; wa-laⁿ-ge (waláⁿge) - marry, take a wife or wives [Kaw]

wild

► ma-xi-ka-zhi (máɣikáži) - wild; not modest, not shy, not diffident, not bashful ► aⁿ-ma-xi-ka-zhi (ąmáɣikaží) - I, di-ma-xi-ka-zhi (dimáɣikaží) - you, ma-xi-ka-zhi (máɣikáži) - he/she

► ma-xi-ka-zhi (maxíkashi) - wild, men and animals [ASG]

► cf. ma-xi-ka (máxika) - modest, shy, diffident, bashful; zhi (ži), a-zhi (aži) - negative, not, negation

► ex: ma-xi-ka-zhi a-ta-pa-we (máɣikáži attáppawe) - wild/they are very [JOD-Rabbit and Opossum]

► ex: iⁿ-chʰoⁿ zhaⁿ [shoⁿ?] aⁿ-ni-hi t’e-a-de ma-xi-ka-zhi a-ta-pa-we (įčʰǫ́ žą [šǫ?] ą́nihí tʔeáde máɣikáži attáppawe) - this time, I could hardly kill any, they’re very wild [JOD-Rabbit and Opossum]

► ex: ma-xi-ka-zhi (máɣikáži) - wild [JOD-Rabbit and Opossum]

► ex: ko-i-shoⁿ-taⁿ e-ti si-ka taⁿ-ka ma-xi-ka-zhi wa-xo-ka niⁿ-kʰe i-ya-we siⁿ-te shta xo-te (kóišǫ́ttą étti síkka ttą́ka máɣikáži waxókka nįkʰe iyáwe sįtté šta xótte) - then, opossum was sitting there, singing to the wild turkeys, they say [JOD-Rabbit and Opossum]

► Dhegiha: moⁿ-xi-ga (móⁿ-xi-ga) - shy, to be shy, modest, diffident [FL-Osage]

► ma-zhaⁿ-a-ti (mažą́atti), ma-zhoⁿ-a-ti (mažǫ́atti) - wild, lives out in the wilderness or forest

► cf. ma-zhaⁿ (mažą́), ma-zhoⁿ (mažǫ́) - land; a-ti (átti) - after, when; denoting place where, or time when; a (a) - on, upon, over; benefactive, for; at; ti (tti) - at, by, in, to; when, denoting place where, or time when, in the past; locative

► ex: si-ka taⁿ-ka ma-zhaⁿ-a-ti (síkka ttą́ka mažą́atti) - wild turkey

► ex: taⁿ-daⁿ kde-zhe ma-zhaⁿ-a-ti (ttądą́ kdéže mažą́atti) - bobcat, wild cat

► Dhegiha: ma-zhoⁿ-a-di (mazhóⁿadi) - on the land [Omaha/Ponca]

► wa-hoⁿ-ka zhi (wáhǫkáži) - wild, crazy, misbehave, ill behaved ► aⁿ-wa-hoⁿ-ka zhi (ąwáhǫkáži) - I, di-wa-hoⁿ-ka zhi (diwáhǫkáži) - you, wa-hoⁿ-ka zhi (wáhǫkáži) - he/she, wa-wa-hoⁿ-ka-wa-zhi (wawáhǫkáwaži) - we

► wa-haⁿ-ka zhi (wáhąká ži) - crazy, wild [MS, AG, MW]

► wa-haⁿ-ka zhi (wahankázhi), (wahongasi) - wild (men); wild, bad [ASG]

► cf. wa-hoⁿ-ka (wáhǫká) - to be well behaved; zhi (ži), a-zhi (aži) - negative, not, negation

► ex: wa-x’o wa-hoⁿ-ka zhi (uahŭ-uahunkajih) - whore, hooker (putain) [GI]

► ex: zho-zhi-te wa-hoⁿ-ka zhi (súsite wahongasi) - Sioux Indian (wild, bad Indian) [ASG]

► Dhegiha: wa-hoⁿ-ga-shi (wahóⁿgashi) - mischievous, a nickname (Osage); wa-hoⁿ-ga zhi (wáhoⁿgazhi) - fearless, unafraid of the cold, not to be afraid of the cold, as said of one who does not seek a shelter, but continues traveling on foot or horseback [Kaw]

will, bequeath, leave something

► shoⁿ i-he-de (šǫ́ ihéde) - bequeath, will, leave something ► shoⁿ i-he-a-de (šǫ́ ihéade) - I, shoⁿ i-he-da-de (šǫ́ ihédade) - you, shoⁿ i-he-de (šǫ́ ihéde) - he/she

► cf. shoⁿ (šǫ) - the end, enough; shoⁿ (šǫ) - and, still, yet; at any rate; so; thus, while, when; i-he-de (ihéde) - put or lay a horizontal object; lay a horizontal object

► Dhegiha: shoⁿ i-he-the (shóⁿ ihéthe) - to let a lg. ob. alone; to put a lg. ob. down again [Omaha/Ponca]

► Dhegiha: shoⁿ (shoⁿ) - fit, proper; as it should be; enough; that will do; still, yet; at all events, at any rate; and, so; thus [Omaha/Ponca]; shoⁿ (shoⁿ) - quit, stop; ready [Omaha]; shoⁿ (shoⁿ) - complete, perfect, it is done [FL-Osage]; shoⁿ (šǫ́) - while, as when, still, continually [CQ-Osage]; shoⁿ (shoⁿ) - by and by, after awhile, eventually [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: i-he-the (i-hé-¢ĕ) - to put or place a recl. an. ob. or lg. in. ob., as a tool, plank, etc. [JOD-Omaha]; i-he-the (í-hé-the) - to lay down a long object [FL-Osage]; i-he-the (i-hé-the) - to put a thing down, made to lie in death [FL-Osage]; i-he-ye (ihéye) - put down a singular, lying, inanimate object [Kaw]

► shoⁿ i-naⁿ-de (šǫ́ iną́de) - bequeath singular/sitting/inanimate/object or cloth ► shoⁿ i-naⁿ-a-de (šǫ́ iną́ade) - I, shoⁿ i-naⁿ-da-de (šǫ́ iną́dade) - you, shoⁿ i-naⁿ-de (šǫ́ iną́de) - he/she

► cf. shoⁿ (šǫ) - the end, enough; shoⁿ (šǫ) - and, still, yet; at any rate; so; thus, while, when; i-naⁿ-de (iną́de) - put sg/si/in or cloth/paper; set a globular object or cloth or paper

► Dhegiha: shoⁿ i-thoⁿ-the (shóⁿ ithóⁿthe) - to let a cv. ob., etc. alone; to put a cv. ob. down again [Omaha/Ponca]

► Dhegiha: i-thoⁿ-the (ithóⁿthe) - to lay down, place, or put away, a cv.ob., book, paper, garment, blanket, piece of cloth, etc.; to put down [Omaha/Ponca]; i-thoⁿ-the (i-thóⁿ-the) - to put something away that is round [FL-Osage]; i-yaⁿ-ye (iyáⁿye) - put, place a sitting/inanimate object anywhere [Kaw]

► shoⁿ niⁿ-kʰe-de (šǫ́nįkʰéde) - bequeath singular, sitting, animate object to someone; leave the sitting object undisturbed ► shoⁿ niⁿ-kʰe-a-de (šǫ́nįkʰéade) - I, shoⁿ niⁿ-kʰe-da-de (šǫ́nįkʰédade) - you, shoⁿ niⁿ-kʰe-de (šǫ́nįkʰéde) - he/she

► cf. shoⁿ (šǫ) - the end, enough; shoⁿ (šǫ) - and, still, yet; at any rate; so; thus, while, when; niⁿ-kʰe (nįkʰe) - singular, sitting, animate or inanimate object

► ex: shoⁿ niⁿ-kʰe-de a-kda-da-de (šǫ́nįkʰéda! ákdadáde) - leave him alone! you are making him suffer [JOD-Four Creators]

► Dhegiha: shoⁿ thiⁿ-kʰe-the (shóⁿthiⁿkʰéthe) - to leave the st. person undisturbed [Omaha/Ponca]

► Dhegiha: thiⁿ-ke (¢iñké) - the sitting animate object, the one sitting [JOD-Omaha]; thiⁿ-kʰe (thiⁿkʰé) - the sitting animate object; the curved inanimate object [Omaha/Ponca]; thiⁿ-kshe (thiⁿ-kshe) - the one sitting [FL-Osage]; iⁿ-kshe (įkšé), thiⁿ-kshe (ðįkšé) - sitting singular animate or inanimate positional article; 3^rd person sitting continuative aspect marker; lying down or horizontal inanimate plural positional article [CQ-Osage]; yiⁿ-khe (yiⁿkhé) - “the”; definite article used with the object of the verb; singular inanimate or animate; “the” in reference to an animate subject of a stative verb [Kaw]

will, shall

► ta (tta) - future tense; potential mode clitic ► ta miⁿ-kʰe (tta mįkʰé) - I, ta niⁿ-kʰe (tta nįkʰé) - you; taⁿ-ka-tʰaⁿ (ttąkatʰą́), ta oⁿ-ka-tʰaⁿ (ta ąkatʰą́) - we, I and one other, ta-i (ttaí), ta-we (ttawé) - plural

► ex: shi-naⁿ ka-saⁿ-niⁿ a-kdi ta miⁿ-kʰe (šíną kasą́nį akdí tta mįkʰé) - I’ll come back tomorrow [MS]

► ex: a-kde ta miⁿ-kʰe (akdé tta mįkʰé) - I’m going home (I will be going home) [MS]

► ex: wi-e mo-sho-ki a-kde ta miⁿ-kʰe ka-sa-ni (wíe móšokki akdé tta mįkʰé kasáni) - I am going to church in the morning (tomorrow) [AG]

► ex: bda-taⁿ ta miⁿ-kʰe (bdattą́ tta mįkʰé) - I will be drinking

► ex: she-ta a-kʰi-kniⁿ ta miⁿ-kʰe (šétta akʰíknį tta mįkʰé) - I will return thither (in sight) and take my seat

► ex: a-wi-ki-pa ta miⁿ-kʰe (áwikkippá ttá mįkʰé) - I will meet you

► ex: hoⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ toⁿ ti te ta ni-kʰe (hǫnį́ttą ttǫ tti tté tta nikʰé) - why you go to town? (why are you going to town?) [MS]

► ex: hoⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ te ta ni-kʰe (hǫnį́ttą tté tta nikʰé) - why will you be going?, why are you going? [MS]

► ex: ha-zhoⁿ ta ni-she (hážǫ tta nišé) - what are you going to do with it? [MS]

► ex: a-ki-de ta tʰaⁿ naⁿ (akidé tta tʰą ną) - to go after/future/the standing (= he was about to)/past sign [JOD-Cinderella]

► ex: ko-i-shoⁿ-taⁿ sh’a-ke tʰaⁿ ni o-ha wa-taⁿ a-ki-de ta tʰaⁿ naⁿ (kóišǫ́ttą šʔaké tʰą ni ohá wattą́ akidé tta tʰą ną) - then, the old man was about to go after goods following along the river [JOD-Cinderella]

► ex: óknį áttą de tta tʰą ną (óknį áttą de tta tʰą ną) - he sat in/and/to go/future sign/the standing (= he was about to/past sign) [JOD-Cinderella]

► ex: kóišǫ́ttą mątté wašʔáke hí óknį áttą de tta tʰą ną (kóišǫ́ttą mątté wašʔáke hí óknį áttą de tta tʰą ną) - then, as he was about to set off in his large canoe [JOD-Cinderella]

► ex: aⁿ-ka-kde taⁿ-ka-tʰaⁿ (ą́kakdé tta ą́katʰą) - we are going home (me and you are going home) [MS]

► ex: a-shi-oⁿ-he-taⁿ she-ta oⁿ-ka-hi taⁿ-ka-tʰaⁿ (ášiǫhéttą šétta ǫkáhi ttąkatʰą́) - later on, we will reach there (where you are)

► ex: ta-we (ttawé) - will (plural) [JOD-Rabbit and Hill]

► ex: ma-shtiⁿ-ke ka-hi-ke shka-xe ta-we i-ya-we e-de! (maštį́ke kahíke škáγe ttawé iyáwe edé!) - they say, you’all will surely make Rabbit chief! [JOD-Rabbit and Hill]

► ex: te k’iⁿ ta-we de-naⁿ-we (tté kʔį ttawé dé ną wé) - buffalo/they will carry on their backs/they went in the past [JOD-Rabbit and Grizzly]

► ex: te k’iⁿ ta-we de-naⁿ-we (tté kʔį ttawé dé ną wé) - they went to the place of slaughter to carry the buffalo meat [JOD-Rabbit and Grizzly]

► ex: kde ta-we (kdé ttawe) - they were to go homeward, they were about to go homeward [JOD-Red Hair]

► ex: e-shaⁿ-taⁿ kde ta-we koⁿ naⁿ haⁿ-ka e-zhiⁿ-ke (ešą́ttą kdé ttawe kǫ́ ną hą́ka ežį́ke) - then as it was time for them to return home [JOD-Red Hair]

► Dhegiha: ta (ta) - future sign; shall or will; will, shall, potential or future marker [Omaha/Ponca]; ʰta (ṭa) - shall, he shall, you shall [FL-Osage]; ʰta (ʰta) - future tense marker, will, be going to, could, so that it could/might be, what if, were it the case that, would be [CQ-Osage]; ta (ta) - future potential or intentive aspect [Kaw]

► ta-i (ttaí) - let’s; we shall; will (plural)

► ex: wa-sa ke za-ni hi t’e-aⁿ-wa-de ta-i (wasá ke zaní hi tʔeą́wade ttaí) - let’s (we shall) kill all the black bears [JOD-Rabbit and Black Bear]

► ex: o-da-kda-x’a-x’a ta-i (odákdaxʔáxʔa ttaí) - you (plural) will give the scalp yell often [JOD-Rabbit and Black Bear]

► ex: ta-i (ttaí) - will (plural) [JOD-Rabbit and Black Bear]

► ex: e-ti te na-ha i-di-si-si-ke hi ta-i e-de (étti tté nahá idísisike hi ttaí edé) - do not go there, they will sure enough abuse you [JOD-Rabbit and Black Bear]

► ex: aⁿ-ka-hi ta-i (ąkáhi ttaí) - we reach there/will plural [JOD-Cinderella]

► ex: ko-i-shoⁿ-taⁿ, aⁿ-ka-hi ta-i, wa-x’o-zhi-ka i-ke niⁿ i-ya[-we] (kóišǫ́ttą, ąkáhi ttaí, waxʔo-žiká iké nį iyá[we]) - then, the old woman said to him, we will be there, it is said [they say] [JOD-Cinderella]

► ex: hoⁿ, o-wi-ki-bda-ke tai miⁿ-kʰe, i-we-ke i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (hǫ́, ówikibdáke ttaí mįkʰé, iwéke iyá maštį́ke) - yes, I will tell you’all, rabbit said to them, it is said [JOD-Rabbit and Black Bear]

► ex: aⁿ-ka-xe ta-i (ąkáγe ttaí) - let us make him [JOD-Rabbit and Hill]

► ex: ma-shtiⁿ-ke ka-hi-ke aⁿ-ka-xe ta-i, i-ke-ya-we ke (maštį́ke kahíke ąkáγe ttaí, íkeyáwe ké) - we shall make rabbit chief, they said to one another (or to him) [JOD-Rabbit and Hill]

► ex: aⁿ-naⁿ-de ta-i (ąną́de ttaí) - let us see [JOD]

► ex: aⁿ-naⁿ-de ta-i. e-koⁿ te e-ki-oⁿ! (ąną́de ttaí. ékǫ tte ékiǫ́) - we shall see, do so! [JOD-Rabbit killed Winter]

► ex: da-kdi ta-i (dakdí ttai) - you shall return hither [JOD-Rabbit and Grizzly]

► ex: maⁿ-tʰo i-shta zhi-te e-ti da-we! te da-k’iⁿ da-kdi ta-i! i-we-ke i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (mątʰó ištá žitté étti dawé! tté dakʔį dakdí ttai! iwéke iyá maštį́ke) - you’all go there, to the red-eyed grizzly bear! you’all will pack the buffalo back here! rabbit said to them, it is said [JOD-Rabbit and Grizzly]

► ex: kde ta-i (kdé ttai) - they shall go homeward [JOD-Rabbit and Grizzly]

► ex: te k’iⁿ kde ta-i o-da-ke e-ti kda! (tté kʔį kdé ttai ódaké étti kdá!) - go home and tell those there that they will pack the buffalo home! [JOD-Rabbit and Grizzly]

► Dhegiha: ta-i (tai) - will, plural [JOD-Omaha]; ta-i (ta-i) - we shall, let’s [Omaha]; ʰtai (ʰtai) - let’s, clause final element conveying an extortion or suggestion for a group including the speaker and at least two other persons [CQ-Osage]

► ta-i-tʰe (ttaitʰé) - shall (plural), they shall, they will

► ex: aⁿ-ki-toⁿ-we ta-i-tʰe (ą́kittǫ́we ttaítʰe) - they depend on me/shall (plural) [JOD-Valliere Rem]

► ex: iⁿ-da wi-taⁿ-ke e-naⁿ-pa naⁿ-hi-naⁿ-we taⁿ-ha, wi-e naⁿ-hi aⁿ-ki-toⁿ-we ta-i-tʰe naⁿ, wi-te-ke o-a-ki-we-bda-bda a-bdi-shtaⁿ (įdá wittą́ke énąpá ną-hí-ną́-we tą́ha, wíe ną-hí ą́kittǫ́we ttaítʰe-ną́, wittéke oákiwébdabdá ábdištą́) - as my mother and my older sister were all alone I ceased working for my mother’s brother, because they had no one but myself to depend on for support [JOD-Valliere Rem]

► ex: ta-tʰe ta-i-tʰe (ttatʰé ttaitʰé) - you eat/shall (plural) [JOD-Rabbit and Black Bear]

► ex: di-shi-ka-we taⁿ-ha wa-xti-shka naⁿ-xti ta-tʰe ta-i-tʰe (díšikáwe tą́ha waxtíška nąxtí ttatʰé ttaitʰé) - because you’all have been bad, you’all shall eat nothing but insects and reptiles in future [JOD-Rabbit and Black Bear]

► ex: di-ni-ke ta-i-tʰe (diníke taitʰé) - you have none/shall (plural) [JOD-Rabbit and Black Bear]

► ex: wa-na-xe di-ni-ke ta-i-tʰe (wanáγe diníke ttaitʰé) - you’ll shall be without a spirit [JOD-Rabbit and Black Bear]

► ex: di-da-tʰe ta-i-tʰe (dídatʰé ttaitʰé) - they shall eat you [JOD-Rabbit and Black Bear]

► ex: iⁿ-da wi-te-ke e-ta-we di-da-tʰe ta-i-tʰe (įdá wittéke ettáwe dídatʰé ttaitʰé) - my mother, my uncle, their offspring, they will eat you [JOD-Rabbit and Black Bear]

► Dhegiha: ta-i-te (taité) - will surely, shall, shall surely; the plural of taite [JOD-Omaha]; ta-i-te (ta íte) - shall [Omaha]; ʰta-i-tse (ṭa-í-tse), ʰta-i-te (ṭa i te) - they shall; they will [FL-Osage]

► ta-tʰe (ttatʰé), ta-te (ttatté) - will, shall, shall be; can

► ex: he-be da-ki-k’iⁿ ta-tʰe (hébe dakíkʔį ttatʰé) - part/you carry yours on your back/shall [JOD-Rabbit and Grizzly]

► ex: he-be da-ki-k’iⁿ ta-tʰe i-yi-zhaⁿ te (hébe dakíkʔį ttatʰé íyižą́ tte) - you will speak of carrying your share [JOD-Rabbit and Grizzly]

► ex: e-koⁿ-xti ta-tʰe (ékǫxtí ttatʰé) - just so/shall be [JOD-Red Hair]

► ex: ta-taⁿ shkoⁿ-ta niⁿ e-koⁿ-xti ta-tʰe koⁿ da-tʰaⁿ-she te e-ta (táttą škǫ́tta nį ékǫxtí ttatʰé kǫ́-datʰą́še tté ettá) - whatever you are wanting, it will be exactly like that, it will be that way for you there [JOD-Red Hair]

► ex: ka-sa-ni ka-xpa i-de ta-te ta-te (kasáni káxpa ide ttatté) - the south wind will blow tomorrow

► ex: ka-sa-ni po-i-de ta-te (kasáni poíde ttatté) - it will snow tomorrow

► ex: ka-sa-ni pa-si hi-de ta-te (kasáni pási híde ttatté) - it will hail tomorrow

► ex: ka-sa-ni ni-zhi ta-te (kasáni niží ttatté) - it will rain tomorrow

► ex: ka-sa-ni sni-wa-te hi ta-te (kasáni sniwátte hí ttatté) - it will be cold tomorrow

► ex: ka-sa-ni shta-ke ta-te (kasáni štáke ttatté) - it will be warm tomorrow

► Dhegiha: tʰa-tʰe (tʰatʰé) - will surely, shall surely; shall (act known certain); he said or says it to him as if he decided for him or ruled him, i.e., it expresses what the speaker regards as certain, in his own power, as it were [Omaha/Ponca]; ta-tʰe (ta-tʰe) - shall surely, it shall be [Omaha]

► te (tte) - future, potential or optative marker, shall, will be; would

► ex: ha-o, e-koⁿ taⁿ pʰi te (hao, ekǫ́ ttą pʰí tte) - yes/so/when/I come/will [JOD-Red Hair]

► ex: ha-o, e-koⁿ taⁿ pʰi te, i-ke de-de (hao, ekǫ́ ttą pʰí tte, iké déde) - ha-o, when it is so, (when I have found these trees and made a boat and paddle) I will come, he shouted to him [JOD-Red Hair]

► ex: bda-taⁿ te (bdattą́ tte) - I will/would drink

► ex: pa-hi-o-knaⁿ a-wa-naⁿ-bde a-shi a-a-ki-knaⁿ te [ta miⁿ-kʰe] (ppáhi-ókną áwanąbde áši áakikną tte [tta mįkʰé]) - I will put my hat on the table

► ex: e-zhi wa-naⁿ-bde naⁿ-haⁿ pa-xe te (éži waną́bde nąhą́ ppáγe tte) - different/food/if/I make/will [JOD-Red Hair]

► ex: e-koⁿ pa-xe te (ekǫ́ ppáγe tté) - so/I make/will [JOD-Red Hair]

► ex: e-zhi wa-naⁿ-bde naⁿ-haⁿ pa-xe te, e-zhi ta-taⁿ i-ta-tʰe naⁿ e-koⁿ pa-xe te (éži waną́bde nąhą́ ppáγe tte, éži táttą íttatʰé ną ekǫ́ ppáγe tté) - if there is something different you want to eat, a different kind of food, I will make it so (I will make just like that) [JOD-Red Hair]

► ex: di-taⁿ-niⁿ e-ti da! a-shi-oⁿ-he-taⁿ she-ta pi te (díttąnį étti dá! ášiǫhéttą šétta ppi tte) - you go there first, and I will join you later on

► ex: ha-tʰaⁿ-taⁿ te te (hatʰą́ttą tté tte) - when you going? [MS]

► ex: ni-zhi te (niží tte) - it’s going to rain [OM]

► ex: ni-zhi te (niži tte) - it will rain

► ex: ka-sa-ni ni-zhi te (kasáni niží tte) - it will rain tomorrow

► ex: haⁿ de ni-zhi taⁿ bda-zhi te (hą́ de niží tą bdaží tté) - if it rains tonight, I shall not go

► ex: e-ti bde te (étti bdé tté) - there/I go/will [JOD-Rabbit and Hill]

► ex: haⁿ-e-taⁿ? e-ti bde te, i-niⁿ-aⁿ i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (hą́ettą́? étti bdé tté, ínįą́ iyá maštį́ke) - why is this? I will go there, thought Rabbit, it is said [JOD-Rabbit and Hill]

► ex: da-kniⁿ te (kkąží daknį́ tte) - you sit/will [JOD-Rabbit killed Winter]

► ex: kaⁿ-zhi da-kniⁿ te (kkąží daknį́ tte) - will you sit still! [JOD-Rabbit killed Winter]

► ex: aⁿ-ka-de te (ąkáde tté) - let us (two) go [JOD-Rabbit and Black Bear]

► ex: aⁿ-ka-de te i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke tʰaⁿ (ąkáde tté iyí iyá maštį́ke tʰą) - let’s go it is said the rabbit said [JOD-Rabbit and Black Bear]

► ex: aⁿ-ka-de te (ąkáde tte) - let us two go [JOD-Rabbit killed Winter]

► ex: aⁿ-ka-de te, ma-shtiⁿ-ke (ąkáde tte, maštį́ke) - the Winter said, “Rabbit, let’s go,” it is said [JOD-Rabbit killed Winter]

► ex: aⁿ-di-za-i te (ądizaí tte) - they get it for me/when [JOD-Red Hair]

► ex: ni-ka-shi-ka zho-hi hi tʰi taⁿ ni-zhi-ha zhi-te aⁿ-di-za-i te me-a-ki-knaⁿ a-taⁿ o-a-zha aⁿ-maⁿ (níkkašíka žóhi hí tʰí tą nižíha žítte ądizaí tte meákikną́ attą́ óažá ąmą́) - when most of the people arrive, when they get red hair for me, I put it in my belt and I usually dance [JOD-Red Hair]

► Dhegiha: tʰe (tʰe) - will; let; please [Omaha/Ponca]; chʰe (tce) - future sign [JOD-Omaha]; ʰtse (ṭse) - shall or will go [FL-Osage]; ʰtse (ʰce) - may it be that, often translated as ‘let, allow, have, tell someone to, let’s’ [CQ-Osage]; tse (ce) - future or potential aspect: shall or will; please [Kaw]

► te-a (tteá) - allow, let, let’s; shall, will; can be used by any speaker-referring to himself & those addressed

► ex: aⁿ-ka-kde te-a (ąkákde tteá) - let is go homeward [JOD-Red Hair]

► ex: aⁿ-ka-kde te-a, ma-shtiⁿ-ke (ąkákde tteá, maštį́ke) - rabbit, let’s go home [JOD-Red Hair]

wi-ki-kda-k’iⁿ te-a (wikíkdakʔį́ tteá) - I carry you, my own (around) on my back/will [JOD-Red Hair]

► ex: ko-he, e naⁿ-ha, wi-ki-kda-k’iⁿ te-a (kkohé, wikíkdakʔį́ tteá) - all right, I will carry you around on my back [JOD-Red Hair]

► ex: wi-e te-a (wíe tteá) - let me, allow me [JOD-Four Creators]

► ex: iⁿ-ta-te, wa-naⁿ-bde tʰe wi-e te-a (į́ttatté, waną́bde tʰe wíe tteá) - my father, let me be the one who will serve as the food [JOD-Four Creators]

► ex: aⁿ-da-tʰe te-a (ądátʰe ttéa) - let us eat it [JOD-Four Women]

► ex: haⁿ-tʰe a-tiⁿ shki-zhi a, aⁿ-da-tʰe te-a (hą́tʰe attį́ škiží a, ądátʰe ttéa) - why didn’t you bring it here? we will eat it [JOD-Four Women]

► ex: a-ki kde te-a (akí kde tteá) - I go again after it/will [JOD-Four Women]

► ex: a-ki kde te-a (akí kde tteá) - I will go again after it [JOD-Four Women]

► ex: te shoⁿ-shoⁿ niⁿ-kʰe-ta bde te-a (té šǫ́šǫ nįkʰétta bdé tteá) - I will go to the pond

► ex: wi-ki-kda-k’iⁿ te-a (wikíkdakʔį́ tteá) - I will carry you on my back [JOD]

► ex: wi-bda-sniⁿ moⁿ te-a (wíbdasnį́ mǫ́ ttéa) - I swallow thee/I use/will [JOD-Four Women]

► ex: wa-x’o to-wa ti-kde ha-ki i-da-we, i-he, di-e wi-bda-sniⁿ moⁿ te-a (waxʔó tówa ttíkde hakí idáwe, ihé, díe wíbdasnį́ mǫ́ ttéa) - I said, tell me where the four women who live together went, or I will eat you up [JOD-Four Women]

► ex: sh’a-ke wa-wa-shi a-tʰaⁿ de-x[e] o-di-tʰiⁿ dedo aⁿ-ki-niⁿ tʰi-wa-ki-de te-a! (šʔáke wawáši-átʰą deγ[é]odítʰį dédo ąkinį tʰiwakide tteá!) - let the old man, let father-in-law employ some persons and bring the drum here to me! [JOD-Rabbit and Monkey]

► ex: te-a (tte á) - will [JOD-Raccoon and Rabbit]

► ex: ko-i-shoⁿ-taⁿ mi-ka niⁿ, ka-i-she-tʰaⁿ a-ki-de te-a, i-ya taⁿ o-xda-ti kaⁿ iⁿ de (kóišǫ́ttą mikká nį, ká-išétʰą ąkkidé tte á, iyá ttą oxdátti ką́ į dé) - then the raccoon said, we’ve had enough, that will be long enough for us, and he went into the brush [JOD-Raccoon and Rabbit]

► ex: a-wi-ki-bniⁿ a-kdi te-a (áwikíbnį akdí tte á) - I have it for you, my own/I come back (= I bring it back for you, my own)/will [JOD-Cinderella]

► ex: ko-i-shoⁿ-taⁿ shoⁿ-hi-te, wa-hiⁿ-ska ta-taⁿ hi-te ho-taⁿ iⁿ a-wi-ki-bniⁿ a-kdi te-a, wi-naⁿ (kóišǫ́ttą šǫ́hitte, wahį́ska táttą hitté hóttą į́ áwikíbnį akdí tte á, winą́) - then, although (she did not ask for anything), he said to her, “my oldest daughter, I will bring you back some other kind of fine calico cloth [JOD-Cinderella]

► Dhegiha: ʰtse-a (ṭse-á) - shall [FL-Osage]

► te e-ta (tté ettá) - will or shall be there

► cf. te (tte) - future, potential or optative marker, shall, will be; e-ta (ettá) - there, thither; there, to, toward that place

► ex: ni-ka-shi-ka o-taⁿ-ti ma-shtiⁿ-ke i-di-ke-a-we e ni-she te e-ta (níkkašika ottą́tti maštį́ke idíkeawe e nišé tté ettá) - at the place where the humans live, rabbit, is what they will call you, that is how you will be there

► ex: ni-ka-shi-ka o-taⁿ-ti ma-shtiⁿ-ke i-ke-a-we e niⁿ te e-ta (níkkašika ottą́tti maštį́ke ikeawe e nį tté ettá) - at the place where the humans live, rabbit, is what they will call him/her, that is how he/she will be there

► ex: ni-ka-shi-ka o-taⁿ-ti ma-shtiⁿ-ke i-ke-a-we e a-ni-he te e-ta (níkkašika ottą́tti maštį́ke ikeáwe e aníhe tté ettá) - at the place where the humans live, rabbit, is what they will call me, that is how I will be there [JOD-Rabbit and Opossum]

► ex: e a-ni-he te e-ta (é aníhe tté ettá) - that/I who move/will [JOD-Red Hair]

► ex: ni-ka-shi-ka o-taⁿ-ti te-a-xa i-ke-a-we e a-ni-he te e-ta (níkkašika ottą́tti tteáxa ikeáwe é aníhe tté ettá) - at the place where the humans live, toad, is what they will call me, that is how I will be (known) there [JOD-Red Hair]

► ex: i-ke-a-we e a-ni-he te e-ta (ikéawe e aníhe tté ettá) - they say it to him or they call/that/I who move/will [JOD-Red Hair]

► ex: haⁿ-pa de shoⁿ-hi-te ni-ka-shi-ka o-taⁿ-ti ma-shtiⁿ-ke i-ke-a-we e a-ni-he te e-ta (hą́pa dé šǫ́hitte níkkašíka ottą́tti maštį́ke ikéawe e aníhe tté ettá) - anyhow, today, at the place where the humans live, rabbit, is what they will call me, that is how I will be (known) there [JOD-Red Hair]

► ex: te e-ta (tté ettá) - shall [JOD-Red Hair]

► ex: shaⁿ-iⁿ-te, iⁿ-kdaⁿ, ti de wi-k’i ha-ki-ha tʰe ta-taⁿ di-haⁿ-ki-da-zhi koⁿ da-tʰaⁿ-she te e-ta

(šą́įtte, įkdą́, tti dé wikʔí hakíha tʰé táttą dihąkidaži kǫ́ datʰą́še tté ettá) - well, first son, when I have finished giving you this lodge, you will have no troubles or worries there (within the lodge) [JOD-Red Hair]

► Dhegiha: e-ta (éta) - there; thither; so; unto (a place) [Omaha/Ponca]; e-ʰta (e-ṭá) - thitherward, toward the person [FL-Osage]; e-ta (éta) - there, towards that place [Kaw]

will, so it wil be, it will be like that

► e-koⁿ te (ekǫ́ tte) - so shall it be, it will be like that, so it will be

► cf. e-koⁿ (ekǫ́) - like, thus, like that, so; te (tte) - future, potential or optative marker, shall, will be; would

► ex: ha-o, e-koⁿ te (hao, ekǫ́ tte) - agreed/so/shall [JOD-Red Hair]

► ex: ha-o, e-koⁿ te, i-ye naⁿ aⁿ-ki-kda-k’iⁿ te koⁿ, hoⁿ-aⁿ-zhi, i-he aⁿ-maⁿ (hao, ekǫ́ tte, iyé ną ąkíkdakʔį́ tte kǫ́, hǫ́ąži, ihé ąmą́) - when she says, ha-o, so shall it be, just as she is about to carry me on her back, I usually say, no! [JOD-Red Hair]

► ex: e-koⁿ te (ekǫ́ tte) - so it will (be) [JOD-Woman and Maneater]

► ex: e-koⁿ te, i-yi i-ya-we (ekǫ́ tte, iyí iyáwe) - she said, so shall it be, they say [JOD-Woman and Maneater]

► ex: e-koⁿ te (ekǫ́ tte) - so/will [JOD-Four Women]

► ex: e-koⁿ te, i-yi i-ya-we (ekǫ́ tte, iyí iyáwe) - he said, so shall it be, they say [JOD-Four Women]

► ex: e-koⁿ te (ekǫ́ tte) - so/shall (be) [JOD-Four Women]

► ex: e-koⁿ te, i-yi i-ya-we (ekǫ́ tte, iyí iyáwe) - she said, so shall it be, they say [JOD-Four Women]

► ex: e-koⁿ te (ekǫ́ tte) - so/will [JOD-Cinderella]

► ex: e-koⁿ te (ékǫ tte) - so/the [JOD-Rabbit killed Winter]

► ex: aⁿ-naⁿ-de ta-i, e-koⁿ te e-ki-oⁿ! (ąną́de ttaí, ékǫ tte ékiǫ́!) - we shall see, do so! [JOD-Rabbit killed Winter]

► ex: koⁿ e-koⁿ te e-taⁿ (kǫ ékǫ tte ettą́) - as he was sure so

► ex: koⁿ e-koⁿ te e-taⁿ i-da-ki-ho-shi ni-tʰe (kǫ ékǫ tte ettą́ idákihoší nitʰé) - as he was sure so, I forbade him (in past or though, he acted so, understood)

► ex: kaⁿ e-kaⁿ te e-taⁿ i-da-ki-ho-shi ni-tʰe (ką éką tte ettą́ idákihoší nitʰé) - I warned him (to be careful fetching water), as he would end up so (floating along in the water) [JOD-Fire Coal and Sinew]

► Dhegiha: e-gaⁿ (e-gáⁿ) - as; so; that being the case [JOD-Omaha]; e-gaⁿ (é-gaⁿ) - so; to be so; to do as another has said or done; to be as another has said; used as the equivalent of the English adverbial ending, -ly (like); as, so; for the same purpose; used in forming a strong imperative; used in forming a strong optative [JOD-Omaha]; e-goⁿ (egoⁿ) - as, like, kind, type, certainly, action [Omaha]; e-goⁿ (e-goⁿ) - like [FL-Osage]; e-koⁿ (ékǫ) - like, similar to, like that, likewise, similarly, somewhat, kind of, rather, slightly, a bit, right, correctly, correct, appropriate, appropriately, that is right, true!, correct!, that’s the way!, thus, therefore, mean, signify, happen, be so, be as [CQ-Osage]; e-go (égo) - like, as, so; to be that kind, be such [Kaw]

will, will power, mind, disposition

► wa-zhiⁿ (wažį́) - disposition, will, will power, mind

► ex: wa-zhiⁿ shi-ke (wažį́ šíke) - mean, bad thoughts, hateful, spiteful

► ex: wa-zhiⁿ de-da-zhi (wažį́ dédaži) - to lose patience

► ex: wa-zhiⁿ ho-taⁿ (wažį́ hóttą) - masculine name, elder bro of te zhi-ka (ttežika), same mother 2 fathers [JOD]

► ex: wa-zhiⁿ kde-taⁿ (wažį́ kdetą́) - masculine name, old man scalped Pawnee, was shot, Father of Frank Vallier, 1/2 Spaniard/non-indian, 1/2 Quapaw on mother’s side, sister to Mrs. Buffalo Calf [JOD]

► ex: wa-zhiⁿ ska (wažį́ska) - masculine name of the (Kwapa) oⁿ-pʰoⁿ (ǫ́pʰǫ) gens; White Disposition, Wise. The csuñga or younger brother of wa-kaⁿ-ta ka-hi-ke (wakką́tta kahíke) or John Medicine [JOD]

► Dhegiha: wa-zhiⁿ (wazhiⁿ) - will power [Omaha]; wa-zhiⁿ (wajǐ́ⁿ) - disposition, temper, mind [JOD-Omaha]; wa-zhiⁿ (wa-zhíⁿ) - own will, volition [FL-Osage]; wa-zhiⁿ (wažį́) - will, mind, idea [CQ-Osage]; wa-zhiⁿ (wazhíⁿ) - thoughts, disposition [Kaw]

willow

► di-xe (díγe) - willow

► Dhegiha: thi-xe (thíxe) - a willow [Omaha/Ponca]; thi-xe (thíxe) - willow [Omaha]; thiu-xe (thiú-xe), thu-xe (thú-xe), tho-xe (thó-xe) - willow tree [FL-Osage]; yu-ghe (yúghe) - willow [Kaw]

willow branch

► di-xe ka-xa (díγe káxa) - willow branch

► cf. di-xe (díγe) - willow; ka-xa (káxa) - branch, limb, branch of a tree

► ex: di-xe ka-xa miⁿ (díγe káxa mį́) - a willow branch [JOD-Four Creators]

► ex: ti-ta-shka di-xe ka-xa miⁿ a-na-zhiⁿ naⁿ (ttittáška díγe káxa mį́ ánažį ną́) - kingfisher stood on a willow branch [JOD-Four Creators]

► Dhegiha: ga-xa (gaqá) - branch, a branch of a tree [Omaha/Ponca]; ga-xa (gaxa) branch [Omaha]; ga-xa (ga-xá) - a branch; a creek; branch of a river; branch, limb, bough of a tree; branching horn [FL-Osage]; ka-xa (káxa) - creek, branch (of a stream or brook); branch of a tree, limb [CQ-Osage]; ga-xa (gaxá) - creek, a gorge or ravine; branch, limb of tree [Kaw]

willow tree

► di-xe hi (díγe hi) - willow tree

► cf. di-xe (díγe) - willow; hi (hi) - tree, bush, vine, stalk, leg

► Dhegiha: hi (hi) - stalk, stem, trunk, leg [Omaha/Ponca]; hi (hi) - tree trunk, plant stalk, plant vine, leg [Omaha]; hi (hi), hiu (hiu) - trunk of a tree, vines, stalks of plants, a leg [FL-Osage]; hu (hú), hiu (hiú), hi (hi) - trunk, stalk, leg [CQ-Osage]; hu (hu) - trunk of a tree, vine, limb, leg [Kaw]

wind

► ta-te (ttatté), ta-ti (ttátti) - wind

► ex: ta-te x’aⁿ-sa (ttaté xʔąsá), ta-te ’aⁿ-sa (ttatté ʔąsá) - masculine name, Swift Wind [JOD], Whistling Wind [1818 Treaty]

► ex: ta-te ki-ta (ttatté kítta) - female name, not recorded, possibly, Wind Comes [JOD]

► ex: ta-te sni (ttatté sni) - female name, not recorded, possibly, Cold Wind [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ta-de (tadé) - wind [Omaha/Ponca]; ta-de (tadé) - air; wind [Omaha]; ʰta-dse (ṭa-dsé) - the winds, the four quarters of the earth; air [FL-Osage]; ʰta-tse (ʰtaacé) - wind, air [CQ-Osage]; ta-je (tajé) - wind [Kaw]

► ta-ti-oⁿ-he (ttáttiǫ́he), ta-ti-aⁿ-he (ttáttią́he) - wind

► cf. ta-te (ttatté), ta-ti (ttátti) - wind; aⁿ-he (ą́he) - lay a long/inanimate object on something; oⁿ-he (ǫhé) - lay or put singular/lying/inanimate inside something

► Dhegiha: ta-doⁿ-he (tadóⁿhe) - a sudden gust of wind; a whirlwind [Omaha/Ponca]; ta-doⁿ-he (tadoⁿhe) - whirlwind [Omaha]

wind blowing hard, storm

► ta-ti oⁿ-he shi-ke (ttátti ǫ́he šiké) - storm, wind blowing hard [MS]

► cf. ta-ti oⁿ-he (ttáttiǫ́he), ta-ti aⁿ-he (ttáttią́he) - wind; shi-ke (šíke) - bad, ugly

► Dhegiha: ta-doⁿ-he (tadóⁿhe) - a sudden gust of wind; a whirlwind [Omaha/Ponca]; ta-doⁿ-he (tadoⁿhe) - whirlwind [Omaha]

► Dhegiha: ʰta-dse ʰpi-zhi (ṭa-dse pí-zhi) - a bad wind; blustery [FL-Osage]; ʰta-tse ʰpi-zhi (ʰtaacé ʰpíiži) - tornado, tempest, windstorm [CQ-Osage]

wind, across the wind

► ta-ti-o-kda-kʰaⁿ (ttáttiókdakʰą́) - across the wind, as when a boat tacks

► cf. ta-te (ttatté), ta-ti (ttátti) - wind; kda-kaⁿ (kdákką), kda-kʰaⁿ (kdákʰą) - crosswise, across

► Dhegiha: ta-de gtha-kʰoⁿ (tadé gthákʰoⁿ) - across the way that the wind blows; across wind, across the wind, perpendicular to the wind direction [Omaha/Ponca]

wind, against the wind or current

► ki-maⁿ-haⁿ (kímąhą) - against the wind or current

► cf. i-maⁿ-ha (imąha) - a Quapaw village, the ‘up river’ Quapaw village; i-maⁿ (imą́) - the other

► ex: ki-maⁿ-haⁿ o-ka-xde (kkímąhą okáxde) - face upstream, face the wind

► Dhegiha: ki-moⁿ-hoⁿ (kímoⁿhoⁿ) - against the wind or current. Hence is derivation of the name of the Omahas (umaⁿhaⁿ) [Omaha/Ponca]; ki-moⁿ-hoⁿ (kimoⁿhoⁿ) - go against [Omaha]; ʰki-moⁿ-hoⁿ (ḳí-moⁿ-hoⁿ) - to face the wind, against the wind, current or upstream, windward [FL-Osage]; ki-maⁿ-haⁿ (kímaⁿhaⁿ) - against the current or wind, upstream [Kaw]

wind, as a road or stream

► a-ka-ki-zhe (ákakíže) - wind, as a road or stream

► cf. di-ki-ki-zhe (dikíkiže) - coils in

► ex: o-zhoⁿ-ke a-ka-ki-zhe (ožǫ́ke ákakíže) - winding road

► Dhegiha: ga-gi-zhe (gagízhe) - coiled, as a rope or lariat [Omaha/Ponca]

► Dhegiha: te-shi-be u-ga-gi-zhe (teshíbe ugágizhe) - the coiled entrails of animals [Omaha/Ponca]; ʰtse shi-be u-ba-gi-gi-zhe (ṭse-shí-be u-ba-gi-gi-zhe) - the small intestines [FL-Osage]

wind, break wind

► a-ki-zhi (ákkiži) - fart, break wind ► a-a-ki-zhi (áakkiži) - I fart, break wind, a-da-ki-zhi (ádakkiži) - you fart, break wind, a-ki-zhi (ákkiži) - he/she, oⁿ-ka-ki-zhi-we (ǫ́kakkižiwe) - we fart, break wind

► a-ki-zhe (ákkiže) - fart [OM]

► cf. a-ki-zhi ti-aⁿ (ákkiži tią́) - feel like farting

► Dhegiha: thi-zhi-tse (ðižíce) - break wind, fart with a small noise, by letting the air out slowly [CQ-Osage]; a-yu-zhiⁿ-je (áyuzhíⁿje) - break wind, fart (with noise) [Kaw]

► a-ki-zhi ti-aⁿ (ákkiži tią́) - feel like farting ► a-a-ki-zhi ti-aⁿ (áakkiži tią́) - I feel like farting, a-da-ki-zhi ti-aⁿ (ádakkiži tią́) - you feel like farting, a-ki-zhi ti-aⁿ (ákkiži tią́) - he/she

► cf. a-ki-zhi (ákkiži) - fart, break wind; ti-aⁿ (tią́) - to feel like, somewhat

► Dhegiha: thi-zhi-tse (ðižíce) - break wind, fart with a small noise, by letting the air out slowly [CQ-Osage]; a-yu-zhiⁿ-je (áyuzhíⁿje) - break wind, fart (with noise) [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: tʰi-thiⁿ-ge (tʰithíⁿge) - to feel a desire or inclination to [Omaha/Ponca]; i thiⁿ-ge (i thiⁿ-ge) - the desire to [FL-Osage]; i-yiⁿ-ge (iyíⁿge) - feel a physical urge, as to cough, sneeze, etc. [Kaw]

wind, by action of wind or water

► ka (ka) - by striking, by sudden application of force, by impact, by falling; by action of wind or water

► Dhegiha: ga (ga) - instrumental prefix, shows that the action expressed by the verb is performed by striking, also the effect of wind or water [Omaha]; ka (kaa), ga (ga) - by striking, by sudden application of force or sudden movement; by blows, by action of the wind [Osage]; ga (ga) - instrumental prefix: by striking or impact, by striking with an instrument, by force of wind or water [Kaw]

wind, down wind

► a-ka-hi-da (ákahída) - downstream, downwind, with the wind or current

► a-ka-hi-da (ágahída) - south, down (south) [ASG]

► a-ka-hi-da (akahidah) - New Orleans (Nouvelle Orléans) [GI]

► cf. a-k’a (ákʔa) - south; a-k’a i-de (ákʔa idé) - south

► ex: a-ka-hi-da o-ka-xde (ákahída okáxde) - facing downstream, with his back to the wind

► ex: a-ka-hi-da-ta-de-de (ákahídattadéde) - southeast, location, direction, “towards the south, downstream”

► Dhegiha: a-ga-hi-tha (á-ga-hi-tha) - the blowing of dust, sand, or chaff upon a person or thing [FL-Osage]; ga-hi-tha (ga-hí-tha) - an object blown by the wind, or driven by the current of a stream [FL-Osage]; ni-u-ga-hi-tha (ni-ú-ga-hi-tha) - flow of water; a torrent; a current; the flow of a stream [FL-Osage]

wind, east wind

► pa-zi-te-de (ppázittede) - east, east wind

► pa-zi sto-i-de (ppázi stóide) - east [MS]

► cf. pa-saⁿ (pásą) - pine; pa-saⁿ hi (pasąhi) - pine tree

► Dhegiha: ma-zi (mázi) - cedar, pine, the generic term for trees of the pine family [Omaha/Ponca]; ma-zi hi (máçi hi) - red cedar tree [Omaha]

► Dhegiha: pa-zaⁿ ʰta hu (pázą ʰtá hu) - east wind, fall winds, lit., “comes from the pines” [CQ-Osage]; pa-zaⁿ to-le (pazan-tule) - east [Fr. Ponziglione-Osage]; pa-zo-ta (pázota) - east, east wind, deity of the east wind, power of east wind, also pronounced ba-zaⁿ-ta (bázaⁿta), lit., “toward the pines” [Kaw]

wind, face the wind

► ki-maⁿ-haⁿ o-ka-xde (kkímąhą okáxde) - face upstream, face the wind ► ki-maⁿ-haⁿ o-a-ka-xde (kkímąhą óakáxde) - I, ki-maⁿ-haⁿ o-da-ka-xde (kkímąhą ódakáxde) - you, ki-maⁿ-haⁿ o-ka-xde (kkímąhą okáxde) - he/she

► cf. ki-maⁿ-haⁿ (kímąhą) - against the wind or current; o-ka-xde (okáxde) - face a certain direction, face a direction, facing towards

► Dhegiha: ki-moⁿ-hoⁿ u-ga-xthe (kímoⁿhoⁿ úgaqthe) - facing the coming wind or current [Omaha/Ponca]; ʰki-moⁿ-hoⁿ u-ga-xthe (ḳí-moⁿ-hoⁿ u-ga-xthe) - facing the wind [FL-Osage]; ʰki-maⁿ-haⁿ o-ka-le (ʰkímąhą okále) - facing the wind [CQ-Osage]; ki-maⁿ-haⁿ o-ga-xle (kímaⁿhaⁿ ogáxle) - facing the wind or upstream [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: u-ga-xthe (úgaqthe) - to be facing a certain direction [Omaha/Ponca]; o-ga-xthe (o-ga-xthe), u-ga-xthe (ú-ga-xthe) - facing [FL-Osage]; o-ka-le (okále) - face a certain direction [CQ-Osage]; o-ga-xle (ogáxle) - facing, face a direction [Kaw]

wind, facing at right angles toward the wind

► ta-ti-o-kda-kʰaⁿ o-ka-xde (ttáttiókdakʰą́ okáxde) - facing at right angles toward the wind

► cf. ta-ti-o-kda-kʰaⁿ (ttáttiókdakʰą́) - across the wind, as when a boat tacks; o-ka-xde (okáxde) - face a certain direction, face a direction, facing towards

► Dhegiha: ta-de gtha-kʰoⁿ (tadé gthákʰoⁿ) - across the way that the wind blows; across wind, across the wind, perpendicular to the wind direction [Omaha/Ponca]

► Dhegiha: u-ga-xthe (úgaqthe) - to be facing a certain direction [Omaha/Ponca]; o-ka-le (okále) - face a certain direction [CQ-Osage]; o-ga-xle (ogáxle) - facing, face a direction, facing towards [Kaw]

wind, facing downstream with his back to the wind

► a-ka-hi-da o-ka-xde (ákahída okáxde) - facing downstream, with his back to the wind ► a-ka-hi-da o-a-ka-xde (ákahída oákaxde) - I, a-ka-hi-da o-da-ka-xde (ákahída odákaxde) - you, a-ka-hi-da o-ka-xde (ákahída okáxde) - he/she

► cf. a-ka-hi-da (ákahída) - downstream, downwind, with the wind or current; south, down (south); New Orleans (Nouvelle Orléans); o-ka-xde (okáxde) - facing a certain direction

► Dhegiha: u-ga-xthe (úgaqthe) - to be facing a certain direction [Omaha/Ponca]; e-ʰta u-ga-xthe (e-ṭá u-ga-xthe) - facing in that direction [FL-Osage]; o-ka-le (okále) - face a certain direction [CQ-Osage]; o-ga-xle (ogáxle) - facing, face a direction [Kaw]

wind, northwind

► o-sni (osní) - cold, north, northwind

► cf. sni (sni) - cold, to be cold; o-sni-hi-ta-de-de (osnihíttadéde) - northwest, “whence the cold comes”; sni-tʰe (snítʰe) - cold; sni-wa-te (sníwatte) - north, winter, cold, cold weather, power of winter (male)

► Dhegiha: u-sni (úçni) - cold [Omaha]; u-sni (u-s͓ní) - cold, cool [JOD-Omaha]; u-hni (u-hní) - shade, cool [FL-Osage]

wind, south wind

► a-k’a (ákʔa) - south

► cf. a-k’a (ákʔa) - west wind

► Dhegiha: a-’a (á’a) - the south wind, an archaic word [Omaha/Ponca]; a-ʰk’a (á-ḳ’a) - south; the south wind [FL-Osage]; a-ʰk’a dsi ((á-ḳ’a-dsi) - archaic name for south [FL-Osage]; a-k’a (ák’a) - south, south wind; deity of the south wind, power of the south wind [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: a-k’a zhiⁿ-ga (ák’a zhíⁿga) - west, west wind; deity of the west wind, power of the south wind [Kaw]

► a-k’a i-de (ákʔa idé) - south

► cf. a-k’a i-de (ákʔa idé) - the name of the west wind or quarter

► Dhegiha: a-ʰk’a hiu-e (á-ḳ’a-hiu-e), a-ʰk’a hu-e (ákʔahúe) - wind is from the south; south wind [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: ʰta-dse a-k’a tse (ṭá-dse a-k’a tse) - south wind; south [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: a-k’a zhiⁿ-ga (ák’a zhíⁿga) - west, west wind; deity of the west wind, power of the south wind [Kaw]

► ka-xpa (káxpa) - south wind

► cf. o-ka-xpa i-de (okáxpa idé) - south, wind or quarter, conveys idea of going downstream; o-ka-xpa-de (okáxpade) - knock off, cause to fall off; o-ka-xpa (okáxpa) - Quapaw, people who went downstream

► ex: ka-sa-ni ka-xpa i-de ta-te ta-te (kasáni káxpa ide ttatté) - the south wind will blow tomorrow

► Dhegiha: ga-xpa (gá-xpa) - the east, where the sun rises [FL-Osage]; ga-xpa dsi (gá-xpa dsi) - where rises the sun in the east, originally this meant the setting sun [FL-Osage]; ʰta-dse ga-xpa tse (ṭá-dse ga-xpa tse) - east wind, east [FL-Osage]; moⁿ-zhoⁿ ga-xpa dsi a-gthiⁿ ha (moⁿ-zhoⁿ ga-xpa dsi a-gthiⁿ ha) - I live in the east [FL-Osage]

► o-ka-xpa i-de (okáxpa idé) - south, wind or quarter, conveys idea of going downstream

► o-ka-xpa i-de (okáxpa idé) - south [MS]

► cf. ka-xpa (káxpa) - south wind; o-ka-xpa (okáxpa) - Quapaw, people who went downstream; hi-de (híde) - send here, send hither, caused it to come; hi-de (híde) - precipitate, as rain, snow; hi-de (hidé) - go, to have gone somewhere; to send thither, to send off; i-de (idé) - departed, to have gone; do, go, used with lightning

► Dhegiha: i-the (ithé) - to have gone [Omaha/Ponca]

► Dhegiha: i-the (íthe) - to send hither [Omaha/Ponca]; hiu-the (hiú-the), hiu-e (hiu-e) - to cause to come; coming; used with snow, snowing [FL-Osage]; hu-the (húðe) - cause to come here, send here; come here; hand over, hand to, pass to by hand or other means; used with snow, snowing [CQ-Osage]; hu-ye (húye) - relating to weather: blowing, precipitating [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: hi-the (híthe) - to cause him, her, it to reach there (not his home) [Omaha/Ponca]; hi-the (hi-thé) - to cause to reach there; to send thither; to have gone; to have departed [FL-Osage]; hi-the (híðe) - send there, cause to arrive there [CQ-Osage]; hi-ye (hiyé) - send, cause to arrive there; to have gone (somewhere) [Kaw]

wind, to roar as the wind

► xo-we (xowé), xo-e (xo-e) - to roar, as the wind

► ex: xo-we maⁿ-niⁿ (xowé mąnį́) - masciline name [JOD]

► ex: xo-we na-zhiⁿ (xowé nažį́) - masciline name [JOD]

► Dhegiha: xu-’e (qu’é) - roar, to roar, to make the sound of waves, a waterfall, sand in an hourglass, or grain poured from a bag [Omaha/Ponca]; xo-e (xo-é), xu-e (xu-é), xu-we (xu-we) - to roar, as the wind or the waterfall; roaring; to sigh; to sough, as the wind in the trees, soughing; to rumble [FL-Osage]; xo-wi (xowí), xo-e (xoé) - growl, roar, sigh, rumble, resound [CQ-Osage]; xo-we (xowé) - buzzing sound, whirr, roar of fire or waves [Kaw]

wind, west wind

► a-k’a (ákʔa) - west wind

► cf. a-k’a (ákʔa) - south

► ex: si-o-ti a-k’a hi-de tʰe (siótti ákʔa híde tʰé) - the west wind was blowing yesterday

► Dhegiha: a-k’a zhiⁿ-ga (ák’a zhíⁿga) - west, west wind; deity of the west wind, power of the south wind [Kaw]

► a-k’a i-de (ákʔa idé) - the name of the west wind or quarter

► cf. a-k’a i-de (ákʔa idé) - south

► ex: si-o-ti a-k’a hi-de tʰe (siótti ákʔa híde tʰé) - the west wind was blowing yesterday

► Dhegiha: a-k’a zhiⁿ-ga (ák’a zhíⁿga) - west, west wind; deity of the west wind, power of the south wind [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: a-ʰk’a hiu-e (á-ḳ’a-hiu-e), a-ʰk’a hu-e (ákʔahúe) - wind is from the south; south wind [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: ʰta-dse a-k’a tse (ṭá-dse a-k’a tse) - south wind; south [FL-Osage]

wind, whirlwind

► ta-ti o-di-bdi (ttátti ódibdí) - whirlwind

► cf. ta-te (ttatté), ta-ti (ttátti) - wind; o-di-bdi (ódibdí) - spiral motion; ni o-di-bdi (ni ódibdí) - eddy in a body of water

► Dhegiha: u-thi-bthi (uthíbthi) - said of the effect of wind on water, ashes, smoke, or dust, if it blows but once and scatters them; whirlwind of air, water, or smoke, eddy of a current of water, smoke in a tent carried around by the wind [Omaha/Ponca]

► Dhegiha: ni u-thi-bthi (ni-ú-thi-bthi) - an eddy, the whirling motion of water, the vortex, a whirling of water [FL-Osage]; ni o-yu-bliⁿ (ni óyubliⁿ) - an eddy [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: thi-bthiⁿ (thibthiⁿ) - to turn around in a circle [Omaha/Ponca]; yu-bliⁿ (yublíⁿ) - twist or turn something around, as an augur [Kaw]

windbreak

► o-do-ha-pe-de (odóhappéde) - windbreak, possibly o-do-a-bda (odóabdá) or o-do-a-bda-kʰe (odóabdákʰe)

► Dhegiha: u-thu-a-btha-ge (uthúabtháge) - a shelter from the wind; a place behind a shelter or wind-break [Omaha/Ponca]; u-a-btha-ge (uábthage) - a calm place, a shelter [Omaha/Ponca]; a-btha-ge (ábthage) - to be calm, still, without wind; the wind does not blow [Omaha/Ponca]

► Dhegiha: u-thu-btha-ge (u-thú-btha-ge) - a calm, calm (after a storm) [FL-Osage]; ni-u-thu-btha-ge (niú-thu-btha-ge) - placid water, placid (as a quiet lake) [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: o-ya-bla-ge (oyáblage) - calm, no wind; a windbreak [Kaw]; o-ya-ga-ble (oyágable) - calm, a windbreak [Kaw]

winding road

► o-zhoⁿ-ke a-ka-ki-zhe (ožǫ́ke ákakíže) - winding road

► cf. o-zhoⁿ-ke (ožǫ́ke) - road; a-ka-ki-zhe (ákakíže) - wind, as a road or stream

► Dhegiha: u-zhoⁿ-ge (uzhóⁿge) - a road, way: a street [Omaha/Ponca]; u-zhoⁿ-ge (uzhoⁿge) - road [Omaha]; u-zhoⁿ-ge (u-zhoⁿ-ge) - a trail, a path, a route to be taken, a thoroughfare, a road [FL-Osage]; o-zhaⁿ-ke (óžąke) - road, highway, thoroughfare, route, path, pathway, orbit [CQ-Osage]; o-zhaⁿ-ge (ozháⁿge) - road, line of fireplaces in a camp [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ga-gi-zhe (gagízhe) - coiled, as a rope or lariat [Omaha/Ponca]

windless, a calm

► ta-ti-oⁿ-ha-zhi (ttáttiǫ́haži) - windless, a calm

► cf. ta-ti-oⁿ-he (ttáttiǫ́he), ta-ti-aⁿ-he (ttáttią́he) - wind; zhi (ži), a-zhi (aži) - negative, not, negation

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