Quapaw Dictionary

English to Quapaw Dictionary
A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H-I-J-K-L-M-N-O-P-Q-R-S-T-U-V-W-X-Y-Z
Quapaw Sources	Dhegiha Sources

Waco Indian - watch	water - wavy	we - weave
wed - wheel	when - whetstone	which - whole
whoop - windless	window - wolf	woman - Wyandotte

water

► ni (ni) - water, liquid, stream, river

► ni (ni) - water [MR, AG, OM]

► ni (nih) - water (eau) [GI]

► ni (nih) - river (rivière) [GI]

► ni (ni˙) - water [FS]

► ni (nî́) - water [ASG]

► ex: ha-zi ni (hazíni) - wine, grape juice, “grape + water”

► ex: kaⁿ-te ni (kkątténi) - apple juice, “apple + water”

► ex: ma-ze ni (mazéni) - milk, “breast + water”

► ex: ni i-da-taⁿ (ni ídattą́) - cup, drinking glass, “water + with which to + to drink”

► ex: ni po-to-xe (nippóttoxe) - soda pop, “water + exploding”

► ex: ni shi-ke (ni šíke) - whiskey, “water + bad”

► ex: ni-ski-de (niskíde) - salt, “water + sweet, sour”

► ex: ta-ni-o-hoⁿ (ttanióhǫ) - soup, beef soup, “meat + water + cook, boil”

► ex: te-ska te-zhe-ni (tteská téženi) - beer, “cow + urine”

► ex: te-zhe-ni (téženi) - urine, “to urinate + water”

► ex: zhoⁿ ni (žǫní), zhaⁿ ni (žąní) - maple sugar; rum, bourbon, brandy, “tree + water”

► Dhegiha: ni (ní) - water, liquid; river [Omaha/Ponca]; ni (ni) - water; river; rivulet; creek [FL-Osage]; ni (níi) - water, any fluid, liquid [CQ-Osage]; ni (ni) - water, river; any liquid [Kaw

water moccasin

► ni-haⁿ-kda (nihą́kda), ni-haⁿ-ka-ta (nihą́kkattá) - water moccasin

water oak

► pi-de ste-te hi (ppíde stétte hi) - water oak, lit. “tall acorn tree”

► cf. pi-de (ppíde) - acorn, acorns; ste-te (stétte) - tall, long; hi (hi) - tree, bush, vine, stalk, leg

► Dhegiha: bu-de (búde) - a nut resembling the acorn, but growing on a different tree, the trunk of which is red (the red oak?) [Omaha/Ponca]; bu-de hi (búde hi) - red oak [Omaha]

► Dhegiha: ʰpi-si hi (p̣i-çí hi) - red oak tree (Quercus rubra) [FL-Osage]; ʰpi-su hu (ʰpisúhu) - oak, lit., “acorn tree” [CQ-Osage]; pu-su hu (pusúhu) - jack oak, a species that bears smallest acorns [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: pi-si stse-dse (p̣i-çí-stse-dse) - long acorn, acorn of the white oak [FL-Osage]; pi-si stse-dse hi (p̣i-çí-stse-dse hi) - the long acorn tree [FL-Osage]

water, at, by, in, or to the water

► ni kʰe-ti (ní kʰetti) - at, by, in, or to the water

► cf. ni (ni) - water, liquid, stream, river; kʰe-ti (kʰettí) - at, by, in, or to the lying object

► ex: ni kʰe-ti (ní kʰetti) - in the water [JOD-Four Creators]

► ex: e-shoⁿ e-ti-tʰaⁿ ni kʰe-ti pa-po ni aⁿ-si ni de-tʰe-ta-hi hi-de naⁿ (ešǫ́ ettítʰą ní kʰetti ppapó ní ą́si ní detʰéttahí hidé ną) - and then, from there, he jumped and plunged deep down into the water [JOD-Four Creators]

► Dhegiha: ni kʰe-di (ní kĕ́di) - by the water; at the water; in the water [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: kʰe-di (kʰedi) - by or near the recl. an. ob. or lg. in. ob. [Omaha/Pomca]; kshe-dsi (kshe-dsi) - there, there where lies [FL-Osage]; khe-ji (khéji) - there, over there, at a location; towards; to the lying inanimate object [Kaw]

water, beside water

► ni a-ba-knaⁿ-ta (ni ábaknątta) - beside or along water

► cf. a-ba-knaⁿ-ta (ábaknątta), a-pa-kdaⁿ-ta (áppakdątta) - along, beside, by; along a certain course; a-pa-kda (ápakda), (áppakda) - along the edge

► ex: ni a-ba-knaⁿ-ta bde (ni ábaknątta bdé) - I go along the stream

► ex: ni ko-i a-ba-knaⁿ-ta (ni kói ábaknątta) - water/that/beside [JOD-Raccoon and Rabbit]

► ex: da-t’e shkaⁿ-ze taⁿ ni ko-i a-ba-knaⁿ-ta (datʔe šką́ze tą ni kói ábaknątta) - you pretend to be dead by that water [JOD-Raccoon and Rabbit]

► ex: ni kʰe a-ba-knaⁿ-ta (ní kʰe ábaknątta) - water/the long (lying) object/beside [JOD-Raccoon and Rabbit]

► ex: naⁿ-zha ni kʰe a-ba-knaⁿ-ta t’e kaⁿ-ze taⁿ e-ti ma-shtiⁿ-ke niⁿ-kʰe zhaⁿ a-ba-ko taⁿ a-kniⁿ (ną́ža ní kʰe ábaknątta tʔé ką́ze tą étti maštį́ke nį́kʰe žą́ abakkó tą áknį) - then, when he (raccoon) was there beside the water pretending to be dead, the rabbit (went and) sat in a bent tree [JOD-Raccoon and Rabbit]

► ni a-pa-kna-ta (ni áppakda bde) - I go along the stream

► cf. a-pa-kda (ápakda), (áppakda) - along the edge; a-ba-knaⁿ-ta (ábaknątta), a-pa-kdaⁿ-ta (áppakdątta) - along, beside, by; along a certain course

water, boil water

► ni a-bi-xe (ni ábiγe) - to boil, as water

► cf. a-bi-xe (ábiγe) - boil, foam

► Dhegiha: ni abixe (ni abixe) - boiling water [Omaha]

► Dhegiha: a-bi-xe (ábixe) - to boil, to foam [Omaha/Ponca]; a-bi-xe (abixe) - boil [Omaha]; a-bi-xe (á-bi-xe) - the boiling of water [FL-Osage]; a-pu-xe (ápuγe) - boil, as food boils when cooking, foam up [CQ-Osage]; a-bu-ghe (ábughe) - boil, as water [Kaw]

water, cold water

► ni-sni (nisní) - spring, lit. “cold water”

► ni-sni (nísni) - cold water [OM]

► ni-sni (ní sní), ni-sni-hi (ní snihí) - cold water [ASG]

► cf. ni (ni) - water, liquid, stream, river; sni (sni) - cold, to be cold

► ex: ni-sni tʰe (nisní tʰe) - the spring

► ex: ni-sni toⁿ (nísni ttǫ) - Baxter Springs, Kansas

► ex: ni-sni wa-tʰi-shka (nísni watʰíška) - Spring River, I.T.

► Dhegiha: ni-sni (níçni) - cold water, well water [Omaha]; ni-sni (ni-çní) - spring of cold water [FL-Osage]; ni-hni (ni-hní) - cold water, a spring or well [FL-Osage]; ni-ni (níini) - spring, well (sources of water) [CQ-Osage]; ni-hniⁿ (nihníⁿ) - well, water well; a pump [Kaw]

water, creek

► wa-tʰi-shka (watʰíška) - creek

► wa-tʰi-shka (ŭāhtĭschkā) - bayou or creek (baÿou ou crik, crique) [GI]

► wa-tʰi-shka (wat’íšGa) - river [FV]

► wa-tʰi-shka (watʰíška) - river [MS]

► Dhegiha: wa-chʰi-shka (wachʰíshka) - creek, stream [Omaha/Ponca]; wa-chi-shka (wachíshka) - creek, brook [Omaha]; wa-tshi-shka (wa-tcí-cka) - a stream of any sort; a river; a creek [JOD-Omaha]; wa-ʰtsi-shka (wa-ṭsi-shka) - a brook, obsolete among the Osage, but still used by the Omaha [FL-Osage]; wa-chiⁿ-shka (wachíⁿshka) - river, small, a stream or creek, archaic [Kaw]

► i-kaⁿ-ska-de sa-taⁿ wa-tʰi-shka (íkąskáde sattą watʰiška) - Five Mile Creek, I.T.

► cf. i-kaⁿ-ska-de (íkąskáde) - measure, distance, money, etc.; sa-taⁿ (sáttą), sa-toⁿ (sáttǫ) - five; wa-tʰi-shka (watʰíška) - creek

► xoⁿ-te o-taⁿ (xǫttéhi ottą́) - Rock Creek, I.T.; lit. “cedars abound in it”; near Quapaw, OK

► cf. xoⁿ-te (xǫtté) - cedar; o-toⁿ (ottǫ́), o-taⁿ (ottą́) - abound; abound in it

► Dhegiha: xoⁿ-dse (xóⁿ-dse) - the red cedar [FL-Osage]; xoⁿ-tse (xǫ́ǫce) - cedar [CQ-Osage]; xoⁿ-je (xóⁿje) - cedar, the red [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: tʰoⁿ (tʰoⁿ) - exist, abound, have, possess, to exist, there is/there are; to abound, to have or possess [Omaha/Ponca]; ʰtoⁿ (ṭoⁿ) - to possess [FL-Osage]; toⁿ (toⁿ) - have, possess [Kaw]

water, deep water

► ni o-po-i (ni opói) - deep water

► cf. ni (ni) - water, liquid, stream, river; o-po-i (opói), o-pwi (opwí) - deep

► Dhegiha: ni shku-be (níshkube) - deep water [Omaha]

► Dhegiha: shku-be (shkúbe) - deep, as water or snow; thick, as hair [Omaha/Ponca]; shku-be (shkú-be) - deep as deep water [FL-Osage]; shko-pe (škópe) - deep [CQ-Osage]; shko-be (shkóbe), shko-we (shkówe) - be deep [Kaw]

water, drip or drop

► a-ka-ch’e-che’e (ákačʔéčʔe) - drip onto an object, drop by drop

► Dhegiha: a-ga-’e-’e (ága’é’e) - to drip on, drop by drop [Omaha/Ponca]; a-ga-ts’e-ts’e (ágats’ets’e), a-ga-ts’a-ts’a (ágats’ats’a) - cause to drip, fall in drops, sprinkle [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: a-ga-’e (ága’e) - to sprinkle once on any object; to cut off meat from a bone [Omaha/Ponca]; a-ga-ʰts’e (a-gá-ṭs’e) - to drop as water, to drop water on some object [FL-Osage]

► di-ts’e (ditsʔé) - drip liquid ► bdi-ts’e (bdítsʔe) - I, ti-ts’e (ttítsʔe) - you, di-ts’e (ditsʔé) - he/she

► Dhegiha: thi-’e (thi’é) - to drop, as medicine, one drop at a time [Omaha/Ponca]

► di-ts’e-ts’e (ditsʔétsʔe) - drip periodically ► bdi-ts’e-ts’e (bdítsʔetsʔe) - I, ti-ts’e-ts’e (ttítsʔetsʔe) - you, di-ts’e-ts’e (ditsʔétsʔe) - he/she

► Dhegiha: thi-’e-’e (thi’é’e) - said of a man who has a handful of grain, which he drops here and there, a few grains at a time; or of water, etc., dropped, now and then, into a cup or spoon [Omaha/Ponca]

► Dhegiha: a-yu-ts’e-ts’e (áyuts’ets’e) - drip from the hand, through fingers [Kaw]

► o-ts’e (otsʔé) - drop of any liquid

► Dhegiha: o-ts’e-ts’e (ots’éts’e) - whatever is dripping, in reference to liquids [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: u-ga-’e (ugá’e) - drip, drop [Omaha/Ponca]

► o-ts’e-kʰi-de (otsʔékʰide) - cause to drip ► o-ts’e-a-kʰi-de (otsʔéakʰide) - I, o-ts’e-da-kʰi-de (otsʔédakʰide) - you, o-ts’e-kʰi-de (otsʔékʰide) - he/she

► Dhegiha: o-ts’e-ts’e (ots’éts’e) - whatever is dripping, in reference to liquids [Kaw]

water, eddy in a body of water

► ni o-di-bdi (ni ódibdí) - eddy in a body of water

► cf. o-di-bdi (ódibdí) - spiral motion; ta-ti o-di-bdi (ttátti ódibdí) - whirlwind

► Dhegiha: ni u-thi-bthi (ní u¢íb¢i) - water eddy [JOD-Omaha]; ni u-thi-bthi (ni-ú-thi-bthi) - an eddy, the whirling motion of water, the vortex, a whirling of water [FL-Osage]; ni o-yu-bliⁿ (ni óyubliⁿ) - an eddy [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: u-thi-bthi (uthíbthi) - said of the effect of wind on water, ashes, smoke, or dust, if it blows but once and scatters them; whirlwind of air, water, or smoke, eddy of a current of water, smoke in a tent carried around by the wind [Omaha/Ponca]

water, fetch water, go after water

► ni a-ki-de (ni ákídé) - fetch or go after water ► ni a-ki bde (ni akí bdé) - I, ni a-shki te (ni aškí tté) - you, ni a-ki-de (ni ákídé) - he/she, ni aⁿ-ka-ki aⁿ-ka-da-we (ni ąkáki ąkádawe), ni oⁿ-ka-ki oⁿ-ka-da-we (ni ǫkáki ǫkádawe) - we

► cf. ni (ni) - water, liquid, stream, river; a-ki-de (ákídé) - fetch or go after it; go for something not one’s own

► ex: ni a-ki-da! (ní ákidá!) - fetch some water!

► ex: ni a-ki-de (ni ákídé) - water/he went for it [JOD-Fire Coal and Sinew]

► ex: shoⁿ ni-kʰa ta-xde ni a-ki-de (šǫ́ nikʰá taxdé ni ákidé) - after they had been so (living together) awhile, coal went to fetch water [JOD-Fire Coal and Sinew]

► ex: ni a-ki-de (ni ákidé) - water/went after it [JOD-Fire Coal and Sinew]

► ex: ko-ta ni a-ki-de naⁿ tshoo hi naⁿ (kóta ni ákidé ną tšoo hí ną!) - (my) friend, he went to fetch water and went tshoo! [JOD-Fire Coal and Sinew]

► ex: e-ti ta-kaⁿ ni a-ki-de i-ya-we (ettí ttakką́ ni ákide iyáwe) - then, at that time, Sinew went to get water, they say [JOD-Fire Coal and Sinew]

► ex: e-ti ta-xde ni a-ki-de i-ya-we (ettí taxdé ni ákidé iyáwe) - then, at that time, Coal went to get water, they say [JOD-Fire Coal and Sinew]

► Dhegiha: ni a-gi (ní agí) - to go for water [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: a-gi-the (agíthe) - to go hence for something, not his own [Omaha/Ponca]; a-gi-the (a-gí-the) - to go after something [FL-Osage]; a-gu ye (agú yé) - go and get something or someone, go fetch something not one’s own [Kaw]

► ni a-ki-hi (ní akihí) - to reach or arrive there, in order to get water

► cf. ni (ni) - water, liquid, stream, river; a-ki-hi (aki hí) - reach or arrive there, in order to get something; to have been there for something

► ex: ni a-ki-hi (ní akihí) - water/he went thither for it [JOD-Fire Coal and Sinew]

► ex: ni a-ki-hi naⁿ kdi (ní akihí ną kdí) - when he (sinew) went there for the water, he came back, (sinew) had got water and returned [JOD-Fire Coal and Sinew]

► Dhegiha: a-gi-hi (a-gí-hi) - to reach there, not his home, in order to get something not his own [Omaha/Ponca]; a-gi-hi (a-gí-hi) - he has been after something [FL-Osage]; a-gu-hi (águ hi) - arrive there to get something that is not one’s own [Kaw]

► ni a-ki-kdi (ní ákikdí) - to have brought back water

► cf. ni (ni) - water, liquid, stream, river; a-ki-kdi (ákikdí) - bring back, brought back

► ex: ni a-ki-kdi (ní ákikdí) - water/brought back [JOD-Fire Coal and Sinew]

► ex: ko-i-shoⁿ-taⁿ ta-kaⁿ ni a-ki-kdi o-ki-hoⁿ niⁿ-kʰe (kóišǫ́ttą ttakką́ ní ákikdí ókihǫ nįkʰé) - then, sinew brought back water and sat cooking [JOD-Fire Coal and Sinew]

► Dhegiha: a-gi-gthi (a-gí-g¢i) - to have come back for something not his own [JOD-Omaha]; a-gi-gthi (a-gí-gthi) - to come home after something [FL-Osage]; a-gu-li (águ lí) - to have come back for something that is not one’s own [Kaw]

water, fill with water

► o-zhi (oží) - put collection into something; plant; fill, filled; jug, bottle, container ► o-a-zhi (oáži) - I, o-da-zhi (odáži) - you, o-zhi (oží) - he/she, aⁿ-ko-zhi-we (ąkóžiwe) - we

► ex: zi-hi o-zhi (zíhi óži) - jug

► ex: ni shi-ke o-zhi (ni šíke oží) - whiskey bottle [MS]

► ex: ma-ze ni o-zhi (mazé ni oží) - milk bottle [MS]

► Dhegiha: u-zhi (uzhí) - to fill with water, grain, or any bulky substance, to fill with any quantity of small objects, to plant or sow grain, seed, etc. [Omaha/Ponca]; u-zhi (úzhi) - a pocket [Omaha/Ponca]; u-zhi (uzhi) - luggage, packet, suitcase, load, gardener, container, contain [Omaha]; u-zhi (úzhi) - cabinet, bin, baggage [Omaha]

► Dhegiha: u-zhi (ú-zhi) - to plant [FL-Osage]; u-zhi (u-zhi), o-zhi (ó-zhi) - a hollow receptacle [FL-Osage]; u-zhu (ú-zhu) - a pocket, a receptacle [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: o-zhu (óožu) - put stuff in, plant stuff, pocket, bottle, container, vessel [CQ-Osage]; o-zhu (oožú) - pour or serve liquids or small solids such as beans, pour for someone, put in, plant or sow, put in, receptacle, container, bottle, cup, bowl, jar, shaker, holder, for pourable dry or liquid substances [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: o-zhu (ózhu) - bottle [Kaw]; o-zhu (ozhú) - put or pour something into something, put many small objects in something, fill, plant [Kaw]

water, floating in water

► ka-ha (kahá) - float

► cf. o-ka-ha (okáha) - floating in the water; o-ka-ha-ha (okáhaha) - floating about in the water, to float along in tiny ripples

► Dhegiha: ga-ha the (gahá thé) - to drift along, as wood on a stream; to be driven along by the current [Omaha/Ponca]; ga-ha (gahá) - blown along, as by the wind [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ga-ha-ha (ga-há-ha) - floating, swinging up and down to the rhythm of the waves [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: u-ga-ha (ugáha) - floating; float [JOD-Omaha]; u-ga-ha (ugáha) - float, drift in water, adrift [Omaha]

► Dhegiha: u-ga-ha-ha (ugáhahá) - float, ripple, to float along in tiny ripples [Omaha/Ponca]; u-ga-ha-ha (u-gá-ha-ha) - floating about [FL-Osage]

► o-ka-ha (okáha) - floating in the water

► cf. o-ka-ha-ha (okáhaha) - floating about in the water, to float along in tiny ripples; ka-ha (kahá) - float

► ex: ni o-ka-ha de niⁿ (ní okáha de nį́) - floating along in water [JOD-Fire Coal and Sinew]

► ex: ta-xde zhi-ka ni o-ka-ha de niⁿ (taxdé žiká ní okáha dé nį́) - young fire coal went floating along on the water (he fell into the water and floated off) [JOD-Fire Coal and Sinew]

► Dhegiha: u-ga-ha (ugáha) - floating; float [JOD-Omaha]; u-ga-ha (ugáha) - float, drift in water, adrift [Omaha]

► Dhegiha: u-ga-ha-ha (ugáhahá) - float, ripple, to float along in tiny ripples [Omaha/Ponca]; u-ga-ha-ha (u-gá-ha-ha) - floating about [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: ga-ha the (gahá thé) - to drift along, as wood on a stream; to be driven along by the current [Omaha/Ponca]; ga-ha (gahá) - blown along, as by the wind [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ga-ha-ha (ga-há-ha) - floating, swinging up and down to the rhythm of the waves [FL-Osage]

► o-ka-ha-ha (okáhaha) - floating about in the water, to float along in tiny ripples

► cf. o-ka-ha (okáha) - floating in the water; ka-ha (kahá) - float

► ex: ni o-ka-ha-ha (ni okáhaha) - floated along on the water [JOD-Fire Coal and Sinew]

► ex: ta-xde zhi-ka ni o-ka-ha-ha naⁿ (taxdé žiká ni okáhaha ną) - young fire coal went floating along on the water (he fell into the water and floated off) [JOD-Fire Coal and Sinew]

► ex: ni-ti o-ka-ha-ha niⁿ-kʰe (nítti okáhaha nįkʰé) - he was floating along in the water [JOD-Fire Coal and Sinew]

► ex: hi naⁿ ta-xde ni-ti o-ka-ha-ha niⁿ-kʰe (hí ną taxdé nítti okáhaha nįkʰé) - when he arrived there, coal was floating along in the water [JOD-Fire Coal and Sinew]

► Dhegiha: u-ga-ha-ha (ugáhahá) - float, ripple, to float along in tiny ripples [Omaha/Ponca]; u-ga-ha-ha (u-gá-ha-ha) - floating about [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: u-ga-ha (ugáha) - floating; float [JOD-Omaha]; u-ga-ha (ugáha) - float, drift in water, adrift [Omaha]

► Dhegiha: ga-ha-ha (ga-há-ha) - floating, swinging up and down to the rhythm of the waves [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: ga-ha the (gahá thé) - to drift along, as wood on a stream; to be driven along by the current [Omaha/Ponca]; ga-ha (gahá) - blown along, as by the wind [Kaw]

► i-ka-xa (íkaxa) - float up against, bump, hook on as when floating by; stopped (as floating object), catching on a stationary object ► aⁿ-naⁿ-ka-xa (ąną́kaxa) - I, i-di-ka-xa (ídikaxa) - you, i-ka-xa (ikaxá) - he/she

► ka-haⁿ (káhą) - far out in, far out on, far away on

► ex: ni ka-haⁿ (ni káhą) - far out in the water

► ex: ni ka-haⁿ a-kʰi taⁿ (ni káhą akʰí tą) - stream/far out in/I reached there again [JOD-Woman and Maneater]

► ex: maⁿ-te o-a-ki-kniⁿ ni ka-haⁿ a-kʰi taⁿ kʰi o-do-tʰe niⁿ (mątté oákiknį́ ni káhą akʰí tą kʰí ódotʰé nį) - I sat in my canoe, when I had floated far out in the river, the maneater reached the shore again [JOD-Woman and Maneater]

water, follow the course of a river or creek

► ni o-ha (ni ohá) - following the course of a river or creek

► cf. ni (ni) - water, liquid, stream, river; o-ha (ohá), o-pʰa (opʰá) - following along; follow the course of; along

► ex: sh’a-ke tʰaⁿ ni o-ha (šʔaké tʰą ni ohá) - old (man)/the standing/water/going along [JOD-Cinderella]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ sh’a-ke tʰaⁿ ni o-ha wa-taⁿ a-ki-de ta tʰaⁿ naⁿ (kóišǫ́ttą šʔaké tʰą ni ohá wattą́ akidé tta tʰą́ ną) - then, the old man was about to go after goods following along the rive [JOD-Cinderella]

► ex: ni o-ha (ní ohá) - stream/following its course [JOD-Woman and Maneater]

► ex: ni o-ha naⁿ kde e-shoⁿ-hi kʰi (ní ohá ną kdé éšǫhi kʰí) - after some time, following along the course of the river, making her way home, she finally arrived back home [JOD-Woman and Maneater]

► ex: ni o-ha (ní ohá) - water (stream)/following its course [JOD-Woman and Maneater]

► ex: shi-naⁿ ni o-ha naⁿ-hi kde niⁿ naⁿ (šiną́ ní ohá nąhí kde nį́ ną) - as it had been before, when she and her husband arrived there by way of the river in the canoe, she started to make her way back home following along the course of river [JOD-Woman and Maneater]

► ex: ni o-ha naⁿ-hi (ní ohá nąhí) - stream/following its course/only [JOD-Woman and Maneater]

► ex: de te ta-bde aⁿ-ka-de ni o-ha naⁿ-hi aⁿ-de aⁿ-niⁿ naⁿ (dé tte tábde ąkáde ní ohá nąhí ą́de ą́nį ną́) - when he went, we went hunting, we went by way of the river [JOD-Woman and Maneater]

► Dhegiha: u-ha (uhá) - to follow the course of a path or road; to follow the course of a stream; to walk along the line or course of a stream, etc. [JOD-Omaha]; u-ha u-ga-shoⁿ (uha ugashoⁿ) - tour [Omaha]; ha (ha) - through (direction), along a path, in a direction, by way of, from [CQ-Osage]

► ni o-pʰa (ni opʰá) - following the course of a river or creek

► cf. ni (ni) - water, liquid, stream, river; o-pʰa (opʰá), o-ha (ohá) - following along; follow the course of; along

► ex: ni o-pʰa (ní ópʰa) - along the river

► ex: ni o-pʰa a-niⁿ kda-wi (ní opʰá anį́ kdáwi) - water/along (= following)/they took him homeward)

► ex: ko-i-shoⁿ-taⁿ ni o-pʰa a-niⁿ kda-wi (kóišǫ́ttą ní opʰá anį́ kdáwi) - then, they (the beavers) took him (rabbit) homeward following along the river [JOD-Red Hair]

► Dhegiha: u-ʰpa (u-p̣á) - length and breadth [FL-Osage]; o-pxa (opxá), o-pxaⁿ (opxą́) - follow as a path, go through or down as a road [CQ-Osage]; o-pha (ophá) - follow the course of a stream or a road [Kaw]; wa-ʰki-gtha-dse u-ʰpa (wá-ḳi-gtha-dse u-p̣a) - to obey the law [FL-Osage]; u-gi-ʰpa (u-gí-p̣a) - to follow; to obey, to retrace [FL-Osage]

water, have duty of fetching water

► ni-a-ki-na-zhiⁿ (niákinážį) - have duty of fetching water ► a-ni-a-ki-a-na-zhiⁿ (ániákianážį) - I, da-ni-a-ki-da-na-zhiⁿ (dániákidanažį) - you, ni-a-ki-na-zhiⁿ (niákinážį) - he/she

► ex: da-ni-a-ki-da-na-zhiⁿ tʰe (dániákidanážį tʰe) - you stand to fetch water for him/the [JOD-Rabbit and Grizzly]

► ex: e-shoⁿ, di-a-te da-ni-a-ki-da-na-zhiⁿ tʰe e-ti da, i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-zhiⁿ-ke tʰaⁿ (ešǫ́, diátte dániákidanážį tʰe étti dá, iyí iyá maštį́ke ežį́ke tʰą) - then, it shall be your duty to go and fetch water for your father, it is said the rabbit’s son said [JOD-Rabbit and Grizzly]

► Dhegiha: a-gi (agí) - to come or go for any one animate object, or for several inanimate objects, not his own [Omaha/Ponca]; a-gi (a-gi) - returned [FL-Osage]; a-ku (akú) - get, fetch, bring, come here with; come back here [CQ-Osage]; a-gu (águ) - get, go fetch something [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: a-gi-na-zhiⁿ thi-ze (á-gi-ná-jiⁿ ¢i-zé) - to take him under his protection, as one will a friend or kinsman [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: a-gi-na-zhiⁿ (áginazhíⁿ) - to stand on his own land, etc.; to stand between his own friend and the foe; to stand by his own friend or relation [Omaha/Ponca]; a-kʰi-na-zhiⁿ (akʰínazhiⁿ) - to return and stand where he had been standing [Omaha/Ponca]

► Dhegiha: e-gi na-zhiⁿ (égi nazhíⁿ) - to continue to fetch something, for the benefit or injury of another, but not by his request [Omaha/Ponca]

► Dhegiha: i-gi-noⁿ-zhiⁿ (í-gi-noⁿ-zhiⁿ) - to depend on someone [FL-Osage]; i-ki-na-zhi (íkinaaži) - depend on, count on, rely on [CQ-Osage]

water, hot water

► ni ta-ka-te (ni tákkatte) - hot water [ASG]

► cf. ni (ni) - water, liquid, stream, river; ta-ka-te (tákkatte) - hot, to be hot

► Dhegiha: ni tʰe na-ka-de (ní tĕ nákade) - the hot water [JOD-Omaha]; ni da-ʰka-dse (ni dá-ḳa-dse) - hot water [FL-Osage]; ni da-ka-je (nídàkaje) - hot water [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: na-kʰa-de (nákʰade) - hot; to be hot; heat [Omaha]; da-ʰka-dse (dá-ḳa-dse) - hot [FL-Osage]; ta-ʰka-tse (táaʰkace) - be hot to the touch, be warm, an object or a substance, or a person only in special circumstances, such as with fever, does not apply to weather [CQ-Osage]; da-ka-je (dákaje) - hot, as a person, stove [Kaw]

water, in the water; into the water, at the water

► ni-ti (nítti) - at, to, or in the water

► cf. ni (ni) - water, liquid, stream, river; ti (-tti) - at, by, in, to; when, denoting place where, or time when, in the past; locative

► ex: iⁿ ni-ti spe (į nitti spe) - a stone sinks in water

► ex: ni-ti bde ta miⁿ-kʰe (nítti bdé tta mįkʰe) - I will go into the water

► ex: ni-ti ka-ki (nítti káki) - in the water/yonder [JOD-Woman changed into Serpent]

► ex: shi-naⁿ ni-ti ka-ki iⁿ-tʰiⁿ de-da! (šiną́ nítti káki į́tʰį dedá!) - throw it away, in the water, in that direction again! [JOD-Woman changed into Serpent]

► ex: ni-ti (nítti) - in the water [JOD- Fire Coal and Sinew]

► ex: hi naⁿ ta-xde ni-ti o-ka-ha-ha niⁿ-kʰe (hí ną taxdé nítti okáhaha nįkʰé) - when he arrived there, coal was floating along in the water [JOD- Fire Coal and Sinew]

► ex: ni-ti (nítti) - in the water [JOD-Woman changed into Serpent]

► ex: iⁿ-tʰiⁿ de-de naⁿ ni-ti chʰo-kʰe hi niⁿ (į́tʰį dedé ną nítti tšoké hi nį) - when he threw the stick away, it made the noise ‘tsho’ in the water [JOD-Woman changed into Serpent]

► ex: ni-ti ni i-he-de (nítti ní ihéde) - in the water/water/he laid it [JOD-Red Hair]

► ex: i-de naⁿ o-di-shte naⁿ ni-ti ni i-he-de (íde ną odíšte ną́ nítti ní ihéde) - when he (rabbit) found it, he split it (making a boat) and then went to the river and put it in the water [JOD-Red Hair]

► ex: ni-ti kʰi naⁿ (nítti kʰí ną) - at the water/he reached there/when [JOD-Red Hair]

► ex: ni-ti kʰi naⁿ zha-we to-ka naⁿ-pa sa-ki-a ni-kʰa (nítti kʰí ną žáwe tóka nąp͓á sákiá nikʰa) - when he (rabbit) arrived at the river, there were two male beavers side by side [JOD-Red Hair]

► ex: ni-ti de (nítti dé) - into the water/went [JOD-Woman changed into Serpent]

► ex: wa-x’o wi-ta we-s’a o-do-hi naⁿ ni-ti de (waxʔó wítta wés’a odóhi ną nítti dé) - when my woman (wife) turned into a snake, she went into the water [JOD-Woman changed into Serpent]

► ex: ko-i-shoⁿ-taⁿ we-s’a wa-x’o ni-ti de (kóišǫ́ttą wésʔa wax’ó nítti dé) - then, the snake woman went into the water [JOD-Woman changed into Serpent]

► ex: ni-ti kʰi (nítti kʰí) - at or to the water/she reached there again [JOD-Woman and Maneater]

► ex: o-xde haⁿ-ke hi taⁿ ni-ti kʰi i-ya-we wa-x’o niⁿ, maⁿ-te kʰe-ti kʰi (oxdé hąké hí tą nítti kʰí iyáwe waxʔó nį, mątté kʰettí kʰí) - when the maneater had almost caught up to the woman, she had already made her way back to the river, she had made her way back to the canoe, they say [JOD-Woman and Maneater]

► ex: ni-ti kʰi (nítti kʰí) - at the water/he reached there again [JOD-Red Hair]

► ex: ko-i-shoⁿ-taⁿ o-xde-wa-zhi shoⁿ-niⁿ ni-ti kʰi (kóišǫ́ttą oxdéwaži šǫ-nį́ nítti kʰí) - then he (rabbit) finally arrived at the river, they were unable to catch up to him [JOD-Red Hair]

► ex: ni-ti-tʰaⁿ a-kdi (níttitʰą akdi) - I have come out of (back from) the water

► ex: ni-ti bde ta miⁿ-kʰe (nítti bdé tta mįkʰe) - I will go into the water

► Dhegiha: di (-di) - in, to, at [JOD-Omaha]; dsi (dsi) - there, designating place [FL-Osage]; tsi (ci) - in, to, at [CQ-Osage]; ji (-ji), jhi (-ǰi) - to, at, in [Kaw]

► ni-a-ti (niátti) - into the water

► ex: ni-a-ti bde ta miⁿ-kʰe (niátti bdé tta mįkʰe) - I will go into the water

► ex: ni-a-ti-ta a-kdi (niáttittá akdi) - I have come out of (back from) the water

water, lake, pond

► te (te) - lake

► te (te) - lake [MS, OM]

► te (tȁ́) - lake [ASG]

► ex: te kʰe (té kʰe) - the lake

► ex: tʰe x’e (t'exʔe˙) - lake [FS]

► Dhegiha: ne (né) - lake [JOD-Omaha]; ʰtse (ṭse), dse (dse) - a lake, small inland body of water [FL-Osage]; je (je) - lake [Kaw]

► te shoⁿ-shoⁿ (té šǫ́šǫ) - pond, round lake

► cf. te (te) - lake; shoⁿ-shoⁿ (šǫ́šǫ) - round, spherical

► ex: te shoⁿ-shoⁿ niⁿ-kʰe-ta bde te-a (té šǫ́šǫ nįkʰétta bdé tteá) - I will go to the pond

► ex: te shoⁿ-shoⁿ (té šǫ́šǫ) - lake/circular [JOD-Raccoon and Rabbit]

► ex: ko-i-shoⁿ-taⁿ te shoⁿ-shoⁿ e-ti niⁿ-kʰe naⁿ (kóišǫ́ttą té šǫ́šǫ ettí nįkʰé ną) - then, there was this pond [JOD-Raccoon and Rabbit]

► ex: ko-i-shoⁿ-taⁿ shi-naⁿ-naⁿ mi-ka niⁿ te shoⁿ-shoⁿ o-ka-ki-xe maⁿ-shka da-tʰe niⁿ (kóišǫ́ttą šiną́ną mikká nį té šǫ́šǫ okákixe mą́ška datʰé nį) - then, again, as before, the raccoon went around the pond eating crawfish [JOD-Raccoon and Rabbit]

► Dhegiha: ne-i-thi-shoⁿ (néuthishóⁿ) - lake, a deep or shallow lake into which no stream flows [JOD-Omaha]; ne-u-the-shoⁿ (néutheshoⁿ) - lake, pool of water [Omaha]

► te taⁿ-ka (te ttą́ka) - lake, large lake

► te taⁿ-ka (tȁ́ tánka) - large lake [ASG]

► te taⁿ (tech-tohn) - lake (lac) [GI]

► cf. te (te) - lake; taⁿ-ka (ttą́ka) - big, large

► Dhegiha: ne taⁿ-ga-xti (né tañgáqti) - very large lake [JOD-Omaha]; ʰtse doⁿ (ṭsé doⁿ) - the great lake [FL-Osage]; je taⁿ-ga (je taⁿga), je taⁿ (jé taⁿ), je daⁿ (jé dáⁿ) - great water, great lake, ocean [Kaw]

► te zhi-ka (te žíka) - pond, small lake

► te zhi-ka (tȁ́ zhíka) - pond, small lake [ASG]

► cf. te (te) - lake; zhi-ka (žíka), zhiⁿ-ka (žį́ka) - small, little; young

► Dhegiha: ne u-thi-shoⁿ zhiⁿ-ga (néu¢icaⁿ jiñ́ga) - small lake [JOD-Omaha]

water, large body of water

► ni wa-sh’a-ke hi (ní wašʔáke hí) - bay, large body of water

► cf. ni (ni) - water, liquid, stream, river; wa-sh’a-ke (wašʔáke) - large, be large; hi (hi) - very

► ni wa-sh’a-ke (nî washákⁱe) - river; “big water” (sea)

► cf. ni (ni) - water, liquid, stream, river; wa-sh’a-ke (wašʔáke) - large, be large

► te-i-ta (teita) - sea

► cf. te (te) - lake

water, near the water

► ni kʰe koⁿ-ha hi (ní kʰe kkǫ́ha hi) - very close to the water

► cf. ni (ni) - water, liquid, stream, river; kʰe (kʰe) - the singular/lying/animate or inanimate; the singular lying object; long horizontal objects; animate lying; collective, standing as in a row; kaⁿ-ha (kką́ha), koⁿ-ha (kkǫ́ha) - near, near by; hi (hi) - very

► ex: naⁿ-zo a-tʰaⁿ ni kʰe koⁿ-ha hi hi naⁿ (nązó átʰą ní kʰe kkǫ́ha hi hí ną) - bending it down so that it was very close to the water [JOD-Four Creators]

► Dhegiha: ʰkoⁿ-ha (ḳóⁿ-ha) - near to us [FL-Osage]; ʰkoⁿ-ha-ha kshe (ḳóⁿ-ha-ha kshe) - the vicinity, neighborhood, surroundings [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: koⁿ-ha (kóⁿha) - selvedge, edge, border [Omaha/Ponca]; koⁿ-ha (koⁿ-ha) - rim, edge [Omaha]; ʰkoⁿ-ha (ḳóⁿ-ha) - the edge, margin, selvage, welt, of certain goods [FL-Osage]; ʰkoⁿ-ha (ʰkǫ́ha) - edge [CQ-Osage]

► ni a-shka (ní áška) - near the water

► cf. ni (ni) - water, liquid, stream, river; a-shka (ašká) - near, close

► ex: ni a-shka kʰi taⁿ (ní áška kʰí tą) - water/near/reached there again/when [JOD-Woman and Maneater]

► ex: e o-do-ha-ke ni a-shka kʰi taⁿ pa-hi niⁿ-kʰe ki-ki-knaⁿ (é odóhake ní áška kʰí tą ppahí nįkʰé kíkikną́) - when she made it back, close to the river, she put down that last one, that last piece of her husband, the head, for the maneater [JOD-Woman and Maneater]

► Dhegiha: a-shka (áshka) - near, close by [Omaha/Ponca]; a-shka (á-shka) - near, close by, short distance [FL-Osage]; a-shka (áška) - nearby, close, a short distance away [CQ-Osage]; a-shka (áshka) - near, something nearby; close, close at hand [Kaw]

water, no water

► ni niⁿ-ke (ni nįké) - no water

► cf. ni (ni) - water, liquid, stream, river; ni-ke (niké), niⁿ-ke (nįké) - none, to have, be lacking, destitute, without

► ex: ni niⁿ-ke (ni nįké) - water/none [JOD-Woman changed into Serpent]

► ex: e-shoⁿ ni niⁿ-ke (éšǫ ni nįké) - and there was no water, the stick landed on dry ground [JOD-Woman changed into Serpent]

► Dhegiha: thiⁿ-ge (thiⁿgé) - lack, to lack, to not have, there is none [Omaha/Ponca]; thiⁿ-ge (thíⁿ-ge) - to have none, nothing [FL-Osage]; thiⁿ-ke (ðįįké), iⁿ-ke (įįké) - lack a thing, be devoid of, be lacking, not have something any longer, have nothing [CQ-Osage]; thiⁿ-ke (ðįké), iⁿ-ke (įké) - be none, be gone, absent, extinct, nonexistent, lacking, pass away, vanish, not, not at all [CQ-Osage]; yiⁿ-ge (yíⁿgé) - lack, none, be none, be without [Kaw]

water, other side of the water

► ma-sa-ni (masáni) - on the opposite side; across a horizontal object, such as a road or river; on one side; the other side; a half, half of a pair (a single)

► cf. ma-sa-ni-taⁿ (másaníttą), ma-sa-ni-tʰaⁿ (másanítʰą) - opposite side, from the; from the other side

► ex: e-ta ma-sa-ni (ettá masaní) - on opposite side of street, road, river

► ex: ma-sa-ni i-de (masáni idé) - he has gone across

► Dhegiha: ma-sa-ni (masáni) - the other side; on the other side; half of a pair; on one side of [Omaha/Ponca]; ni ma-sa-ni (ni masani) - the other side of a stream [Omaha/Ponca]; hiⁿ-be ma-sa-ni (hiⁿbe masani) - half of a par of moccasins, a single moccasin [Omaha/Ponca]; si ma-sa-ni (si masani) - the foot on one side, half a pair, one foot [Omaha/Ponca]

► Dhegiha: ma-sa-ni-a-ta (masániata) - to the other side; to the other side of; on the other side of [Omaha/Ponca]; ni ma-sa-ni-a-ta (ni masániata) - to the other side of the water or stream [Omaha/Ponca]

► Dhegiha: moⁿ-soⁿ-i-ʰta (móⁿ-çoⁿ-í-ṭa) - at the other side [FL-Osage]; moⁿ-soⁿ-thiⁿ-ʰta (moⁿ-çóⁿ-thiⁿ-ṭa) - on one side [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: ma-sa-ni-ha (masániha) - one side or half of a thing, or of a pair: used by the Omahas for fifty cents, half a dollar [Omaha/Ponca]; maⁿ-siⁿ-ha (mąsį́ha) - to or on the other side, opposite [CQ-Osage]; ma-siⁿ-ha (masíⁿha), maⁿ-siⁿ-ha (maⁿsíha) - half, half of the surface [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ma-siⁿ (masíⁿ), mo-siⁿ (mosíⁿ) - other side of something, as a stream; in the direction of the other side; on one of two sides; half of something [Kaw]

► ma-sa-ni-taⁿ (másaníttą), ma-sa-ni-tʰaⁿ (másanítʰą) - from the opposite side, from the other side

► cf. ma-sa-ni (masáni) - on the opposite side; across a horizontal object, such as a road or river; on one side; the other side; a half, half of a pair (a single); tʰaⁿ (tʰą) - from

► ex: ma-sa-ni-taⁿ (másaníttą) - from the other side [JOD-Red Hair]

► ex: shka-te shoⁿ-niⁿ naⁿ-zha ma-sa-ni-taⁿ ni-ka-shi-ka miⁿ ki-baⁿ hi-de (škátte šǫ-nį́ ną́ža másaníttą níkkašíka mį́ kíbą híde) - after he (rabbit) had been playing a while, from across the river a person called to him [JOD-Red Hair]

► ex: ma-sa-ni-taⁿ (másaníttą) - from the other side [JOD-Red Hair]

► ex: i-naⁿ-paⁿ ma-sa-ni-taⁿ ni-ka-shi-ka aⁿ-baⁿ hi-de taⁿ bde ta [a-]ni-he de, i-kaⁿ (ínąpą́ másaníttą níkkašíka ą́bą híde tą bdé tta[a]níhe dé, įkką́) - if a person calls to me a second time from across (the river), I’m going to go, my grandmother [JOD-Red Hair]

► ex: ma-sa-ni-taⁿ (másaníttą) - from the other side [JOD-Red Hair]

► ex: iⁿ-kaⁿ, ma-sa-ni-taⁿ ni-ka-shi-ka miⁿ aⁿ-baⁿ hi-de (įkką́, másaníttą níkkašíka mį ąbą́ híde) - my grandmother, a person called to me from across (the river) [JOD-Red Hair]

► Dhegiha: ma-sa-ni-a-ta-tʰoⁿ (masániatátʰoⁿ) - from the other side of the stream [Omaha/Ponca]

► Dhegiha: ma-sa-ni-a-ta-thi-shoⁿ (masániatáthishoⁿ) - towards or on the other side of a stream [Omaha/Ponca]

water, pour or spill

► a-ka-xtaⁿ (ákaxtą) - pour water on, baptize ► a-a-ka-xtaⁿ (áakaxtą) - I, a-da-ka-xtaⁿ (ádakaxtą) - you, a-ka-xtaⁿ (ákaxtą) - he/she, aⁿ-ka-ka-xtaⁿ-we (ąkákaxtąwe) - we

► cf. a (a) - on, upon; ka-xtaⁿ (kaxtą́) - pour out, empty something; a-ka-xtaⁿ-xtaⁿ (ákaxtąxtą) - sprinkle repeatedly

► Dhegiha: ni a-ga-xtoⁿ (ni á-ga-qtaⁿ) - to pour or drop water on, used for, to baptize; pe ni a-ga-xtoⁿ (péni agaxtoⁿ) - baptize, anoint [Omaha]

► Dhegiha: a-ga-xtoⁿ (ágaqtoⁿ) - to drop a liquid on something [Omaha/Ponca]; wa-shiⁿ a-ga-xtoⁿ (washiⁿ agaxtoⁿ) - mustard, tomato ketchup [Omaha]; a-ga-xtoⁿ (á-ga-xtoⁿ) - to shed tears, weep [FL-Osage]; a-ga-xtaⁿ (ágaxtaⁿ) - powder, baby powder “spill it on” [Kaw]

► di-xtaⁿ (dixtą́) - pull at, pull over, upset ► bdi-xtaⁿ (bdíxtą) - I, ti-xtaⁿ (ttíxtą) - you; di-xtaⁿ (dixtą́) - he/she

► Dhegiha: thi-xtoⁿ (thiqtóⁿ) - to pour out or spill a liquid by pulling the vessel holding it [Omaha/Ponca]; thi-xtoⁿ (thixtoⁿ) - drain [Omaha]; thi-xtaⁿ (ðixtą́) - pour, draw water or run water [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: u-thi-xtoⁿ (u-thí-xtoⁿ) - to drop in the eye [FL-Osage]

► ka-xtaⁿ (kaxtą́) - pour out, empty something ► a-xtaⁿ (áxtą) - I, da-xtaⁿ (dáxtą) - you, ka-xtaⁿ (kaxtą́) - he/she

► Dhegiha: ni ga-xtoⁿ (ní-ga-xtoⁿ) - to pour water, to spill water [FL-Osage]; ni khe ga-xtaⁿ-be (ni khe gaxtáⁿbe) - they emptied out the water [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ga-xtoⁿ (gaqtóⁿ) - to pour out; to throw away liquid; to empty a barrel, etc., of grain, sugar, etc. [Omaha/Ponca]; ga-xtaⁿ (gaxtáⁿ) - pour out, empty out, throw out dirt [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: xtoⁿ (qtoⁿ) - drip, pour [Omaha/Ponca]; xtoⁿ (xtoⁿ) - to spill; to slop over [FL-Osage]; xtaⁿ (xtáⁿ) - leak in, drip out, empty out, spill [Kaw]

► naⁿ-xtaⁿ (nąxtą́) - kick over, spill ► a-naⁿ-xtaⁿ (aną́xtą) - I, da-naⁿ-xtaⁿ (daną́xtą) - you, naⁿ-xtaⁿ (nąxtą́) - he/she

► a-ba-shoⁿ (ábašǫ) - spill upon ► a-pa-shoⁿ (áppášǫ) - I, a-shpa-shoⁿ (ášpášǫ́) - you, a-ba-shoⁿ (ábašǫ) - he/she

► Dhegiha: a-ba-shoⁿ-tha (ábashóⁿtha) - to push over a vessel accidentally, and empty its contents on a person or on the ground [Omaha/Ponca]; a-ba-shoⁿ-tha (á-ba-shoⁿ-tha) - trickled down [FL-Osage]

► ba-shoⁿ (bašǫ́) - spill, push over and spill; to hold kettle by rim in hand and throw out contents by moving kettle forward with sudden jerk; throw out, as flour, sugar, water, ashes, etc. ► pa-shoⁿ (ppášǫ) - I, shpa-shoⁿ (špášǫ) - you, ba-shoⁿ (bašǫ́) - he/she

► cf. ba-shoⁿ (bášǫ) - wavy, sawtooth, angled, zigzag; bent, crooked, misshapen; incurve; ba-shoⁿ-da-da (bašǫ́dada) - loosen, destabilize pushing at

► Dhegiha: ba-shoⁿ (bácaⁿ) - bent, crooked, misshapen, as a hand or foot [Omaha/Ponca]; ba-shoⁿ (bacáⁿ) - to bend at a joint; to put out of joint, by pushing or punching; to dislocate, as an arm; a bend in a stream or road [Omaha/Ponca]; ba-shoⁿ (ba-shóⁿ) - incurve, the bend of a river; crooked [FL-Osage]; ba-shoⁿ (bashóⁿ) - close a knife blade, fold shut [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ni-na-ka-de pa-shoⁿ-tha (nínakade pashoⁿtha) - pour hot water [Omaha]

► Dhegiha: ba-shoⁿ-tha (bashoⁿtha) - pour, dump [Omaha]; ba-shaⁿ-tha (ba-cáⁿ-¢a) - to push a vessel, cup, box, etc., causing the contents to be spilt out [JOD-Omaha]; ba-shoⁿ-tha (ba-shóⁿ-tha) - spill water out of a vessel; to spill water from a vessel, either by accident or on purpose purpose [FL-Osage]

► bi-shoⁿ (bišǫ́) - push over and spill; destabilize, dislocate by pressure ► pi-shoⁿ (ppíšǫ) - I, shpi-shoⁿ (špíšǫ) - you, bi-shoⁿ (bišǫ́) - he/she

► Dhegiha: bi-shoⁿ (bishóⁿ) - to dislocate, as the hand, by pushing or pressing it backward [Omaha/Ponca]

► Dhegiha: bi-shoⁿ-tha (bishóⁿtha) - to close, as a knife-blade, by bearing on it; to sit on and make tip over, as a boat, box, kettle, sack, etc. [Omaha/Ponca]; ni kʰe bi-shoⁿ-tha (ni kĕ bicáⁿ¢a) - to tip over the water, if in a cup or kettle on a table, box, or board, on which one leans or presses too hard [JOD-Omaha]; ma-kʰoⁿ sa-be tʰe bi-shoⁿ-tha (makáⁿ sabĕ tĕ bicáⁿ¢a) - to upset the coffee: said if it sits on a board that is on the grond and some one bears too hard against the board [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: a-bi-shoⁿ-tha (ábishóⁿtha) - to lean against a vessel, and turn it over, upsetting its contents on the ground or someone [Omaha/Ponca]

► bi-shoⁿ de-de (bišǫ́ dedé) - emptied, poured out suddenly by pushing

► ex: bi-shoⁿ de-de taⁿ, ni do-ta-xti bi-shoⁿ de-de naⁿ (bišǫ́ dedé-tą, ní dottáxti bišǫ́ dedé ną) - when he pushed it over, nothing but water came pouring out [JOD-Four Creators]

► ex: a-bi-xe hi naⁿ bi-shoⁿ de-de i-a ni-ka niⁿ-kʰe (ábiγe hí ną bišǫ́ dedé iá níkka nįkʰé) - when the water was at full boil, the husband pushed over the kettle [JOD-Four Creators]

► ex: bi-shoⁿ de-de-ti, pe-zhe-xta si zhi-ka bi-shoⁿ de-de naⁿ (bišǫ́ dedé-tti, ppéžextá si žíka bišǫ́ dedé ną) - when he pushed over the kettle, instead of water, rice poured out [JOD-Four Creators]

► Dhegiha: shoⁿ-the-the (shoⁿthéthe) - to send off at any rate [Omaha/Ponca]

► di-shoⁿ (dišǫ́), di-shaⁿ (dišą) - pull over and spill (liquid); spill, pull over a vessel ► bdi-shoⁿ (bdíšǫ) - I, ti-shoⁿ (ttíšǫ) - you, di-shoⁿ (dišǫ́) - he/she

► Dhegiha: thi-shoⁿ (thi-shóⁿ) - to dislocate by pulling [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: gthi-shoⁿ (gthíshoⁿ) - poss. of thishoⁿ: to pull out by the roots, as his own teeth, etc. [Omaha/Ponca]

► di-shoⁿ-da (dišǫdá) - pull over and spill (liquid) ► bdi-shoⁿ-da (bdíšǫda) - I, ti-shoⁿ-da (ttíšǫda) - you, di-shoⁿ-da (dišǫdá) - he/she

► cf. di-shoⁿ-da-da (dišǫ́dadá) - pull off balance

► Dhegiha: gi-thi-shoⁿ-tha (gíthishoⁿtha) - 1^st. dat. of ¢icaⁿ¢a, to extract a tooth for another; to put out of joint for another by twisting [Omaha/Ponca]

► Dhegiha: shoⁿ-tha (shoⁿthá) - spilled, upset and spilled, tipped over and spilled [Omaha/Ponca]

water, reflection from water

► ni o-ki-kda-s’iⁿ (ni ókkikdásʔį) - reflection from water, mirror, “to peer or look at oneself in the water”

► cf. ni (ni) - water, liquid, stream, river; o-ka-s’iⁿ (okásʔį) - peep, peek at

► Dhegiha: ni u-ki-gtha-s’iⁿ (ni-ú-k͓i-g¢á-s’iⁿ) - a looking glass, mirror, “peeping into the water at himself” [JOD-Omaha]; ni u-ki-gtha-s’iⁿ (niu kigtháç’iⁿ) - mirror [Omaha]; ni u-ʰki-gtha-ʰts’iⁿ (ni-ú-ḳi-gtha-ṭs’iⁿ) - a mirror, lit., “to peer at oneself in the water” [FL-Osage]; ni o-ʰki-a-ts’iⁿ (niióʰkiacʔį) - mirror, lit., “to peer at oneself in the water” [CQ-Osage]; noⁿ-ki-la-ts’iⁿ (nóⁿkilats’iⁿ) - mirror, looking glass, this derives from ni-oⁿ-ki-la-sts’iⁿ “to look into the water at himself” [Kaw]

water, river

► ni (ni) - water, liquid, stream, river

► ni wa-sh’a-ke (ní wašʔáke) - river

► ni wa-sh’a-ke (ní wážagé) - big river [LQ, OM]

► ni wa-sh’a-ke (ni˙wasá˙Ge) - river [VG]

► ni wa-sh’a-ke (nî washákⁱe) - river; “big water” (sea) [ASG]

► cf. ni (ni) - water, liquid, stream, river; wa-sh’a-ke (wašʔáke) - large, be large; ni wa-sh’a-ke hi (ní wašʔáke hí) - bay, large body of water

► ex: ni wa-sh’a-ke (ní wašʔaké) - water/large [JOD-Red Hair]

► ex: ni wa-sh’a-ke pi-za-ti shka-te niⁿ (ní wašʔaké ppizátti škátte nį́) - he was playing on the sand of the large body of water (river?) [JOD-Red Hair]

► wa-tʰi-shka wa-sh’a-ke hi (watʰíška wašʔáke hi) - big river [MS]

► cf. wa-tʰi-shka (watʰíška) - creek, river, bayou; wa-sh’a-ke (wašʔáke) - large, be large; hi (hi) - very

water, rivers

► ka-ne-ti ni wa-sh’a-ke (kanétí niwazhákie) - Canadian River, presumably speakers attempt to say Canadian [ASG]

► cf. ni wa-sh’a-ke (ní wašʔáke) - river

► ni bda-ska (ni bdáska) - Platte River, NE

► ni bda-ska (ni bdáska) - Nebraska, “flat water” [OM]

► ni bda-ska (nî blaska) - flat water [ASG]

► cf. ni (ni) - water, liquid, stream, river; bda-ska (bdáska) - flat

► Dhegiha: ni-btha-ska (ni-b¢á-ska) - “flat water”; the Platte River, Neb., hence the name of the state, Nebraska [JOD-Omaha]; ni-btha-ska (ni-bthá-çka) - flat river, Platte River, Nebraska [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: bda-ska (bdáska) - flat [RR-Quapaw]; btha-ska (btháska) - flat [Omaha/Ponca]; btha-ska (bthá-çka) - flatten [FL-Osage]; bra-ska (bráaska) - flat [CQ-Osage]; bla-ska (bláska) - flat, as the edges, not the surfaces, of something [Kaw]

► ni o-taⁿ-ka (ní ottą́ka) - Mississippi River

► ni o-taⁿ-ka (níutanka) - Mississippi River [ASG]

► cf. ni (ni) - water, liquid, stream, river; o-taⁿ-ka (ottą́ka) - large end of an object; lower end

► Dhegiha: ni taⁿ-ga (ni-t͓añ́-ga) - “big water:” the sea: ocean according to the Omaha; the Platte River so called by the Ponkas [JOD-Omaha]; ni u-ʰtoⁿ-ga (ni-u ṭoⁿ-ga), ni ʰtoⁿ-ga (ni ṭoⁿ-ga) - the Osage name for the Mississippi River, “big water” [FL-Osage]; ni ʰtaⁿ-ka (níi ʰtą́ka), ni ʰtaⁿ (níi ʰtą́ą) - Mississippi River (lit., ‘big water’), ocean, sea [CQ-Osage]; ni-ska taⁿ-ga (níska táⁿga), ni ble-zaⁿ (ní blezáⁿ) - Mississippi River [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: u-taⁿ-ga (u-t͓áñ-ga) - the large end of an object; the lower end [JOD-Omaha]

► ni-o-zhu (níozhu), ni-o-zho (níožo) - Neosho River [ASG]

► Dhegiha: ni-u-zhu (ní-u-zhu) - Neosho River, “main river” [FL-Osage]; ni-o-sho (niióšo) - Neosho (town in Oklahoma), possibly from ‘pour water into it’, i.e., ‘main river’ [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: je-ni-oⁿ-zhu (jénioⁿzhú) - lowland lake (Kaw)]

► Dhegiha: u-zhu (úzhu) - chief; principal [Omaha/Ponca]; u-zhu (ú-zhu) - main; the principal; a pocket; a receptacle [FL-Osage]

► ni sho-te (níšótte) - Missouri River

► ni sho-te (nízhŭ́te) - Missouri River [ASG]

► cf. ni (ni) - water, liquid, stream, river; sho-te (šótte) - smoke, be smoky (of air); muddy, be muddy (of water)

► Dhegiha: ni shu-de (ni-cú-de) - “water stirred up” or “muddy stream”: the Missouri River [JOD-Omaha]; ni shu-de ke (nishude ke) - Missouri River; smoky water; turbid water [Omaha]; ni sho-dse (ni-shó-dse) - the name given the Missouri River because of the smoky or muddy appearance, “smoky river” [FL-Osage]; ni sho-je (nishóje) - Missouri River, lit. “smokey water, clouded water” [Kaw]

► ni ska (niska), ni wa-ska (ni wáska) - White River, Missouri & Arkansas

► ni-ska (niska) - the river at its mouth makes a fork, and into the upper branch empties a river which the Indians call niska, or white water” [Poisson]

► ni wa-ska (ni wáska) - White River, Mo & Ark. [ASG]

► cf. ni (ni) - water, liquid, stream, river;

► Dhegiha: ni ska (ní-çka) - White River, Little Osage River (Mo.) [FL-Osage]

► ni-sni wa-tʰi-shka (nísni watʰíška) - Spring River, I.T.

► ni-sni wa-tʰi-ska (nísni watʰíska) - Spring River [OM]

► cf. ni-sni (nisní) - spring, lit. “cold water”; wa-tʰi-shka (watʰíška) - creek, river, bayou

► Dhegiha: do-sku-e ga-xa (dó-çku-e ga-xa) - Sweet potato branch, sometimes called ni-u-zhu (Neosho); Spring River [FL-Osage]; to-sku-e ka-xa (tóoskue káxa) - Sweet Potato Creek [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: ni-zni (níçni) - cold water, well water [Omaha]; ni-zni (ni-çni) - a spring of cold water [FL-Osage]; ni-ʰni (ni-hní) - water cold; a spring or well; cold water [FL-Osage]; ni-ni (níini) - spring, well, sources of water [CQ-Osage]; ni-ʰniⁿ (nihníⁿ) - well water; a pump [Kaw]

► ni ta sho-ta zhiⁿ-ka (ní tta šótte žį́ka) - St. Francis River, “little smokey river”

► ni ta sho-ta zhiⁿ-ka (nÿ-tachoutteh-jinka) - St. Francis River [GI]

► cf. ni (ni) - water, liquid, stream, river; sho-te (šótte) - smoke, be smoky (of air); muddy, be muddy (of water); zhi-ka (žíka), zhiⁿ-ka (žį́ka) - small, little; young; ni sho-te (níšótte) - Missouri River

► ni taⁿ-ka (ni ttąka) - Ohio River also Mississippi River

► ni taⁿ-ka (nÿ tonka) - Ohio River also Mississippi River [GI]

► cf. taⁿ-ka (ttą́ka) - big, large

► ni zhi-te (ní žítte) - Arkansas River

► ni zhi-te (nízhitē) - Arkansas River [ASG]

► ni zhi-te (nÿ-jitteh) - Arkansas River [GI]

► ni zhi-te (ni gitai) - Arkansas River [Poisson]

► cf. ni (ni) - water, liquid, stream, river; zhi-te (žítte) - red

► Dhegiha: ni zhu-dse (ni zhú-dse) - the Arkansas River, “red river” [FL-Osage]; ni zhu-tse (níižuuce) - river (lit., ‘red river’) [CQ-Osage]; ni -zhu-je (nízhuje) - Arkansas River; lit. “red water”; river (any) [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ni zhu-dse ʰtoⁿ-ga (ni zhú-dse ṭoⁿ-ga) - this is the name given to the Arkansas River by the Osage, “big red river” [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: ni zhu-dse zhiⁿ-ga (ni zhú-dse zhiⁿ-ga) - Little Arkansas River [FL-Osage]

► ni zhi-te bda-da (nížítte bdáda) - Red River of Louisiana

► ni zhi-te bda-da (nízhite pdáta) - Red River of La., “red-broad” [ASG]

► cf. ni (ni) - water, liquid, stream, river; zhi-te (žítte) - red; bda-da (bdáda) - flat, level

► Dhegiha: ni zhu-dse btha-tha (ní zhu-dse btha-tha) - Canadian River, Oklahoma, “Wide River” [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: ni u-btha-tha (ní-u-b¢á-¢a) - “water spread out on a level”: the Niobrara River [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: btha-tha (bthátha) - level [Omaha/Ponca]; btha-tha (bthá-tha) - broad, wide [FL-Osage]; bra-tha (bráaða) - broad, wide and smooth, as a prairie, smoothed out [CQ-Osage]; bla-ya (bláya) - level, without cuts or hills [Kaw]

► to ski-de ni (to skíde ni) - Sweet potato creek, home of the Quapaws before 1861 according to JOD; probably an older name for the Spring River

► cf. to ski-de (to skíde) - sweet potato; ni (ni) - water, liquid, stream, river

► ex: ma-zhaⁿ shi-ka-zhi shoⁿ-ti to-skide i-ke-ya-we ni e-ti kʰe, mi o-xpe-ta-de-de-do-shi oⁿ-kniⁿ oⁿ-ka-tʰaⁿ naⁿ (mažą́ šikáži šǫ́tti to skíde íkeyáwe ni ettí kʰe, mi óxpettadédedóši ǫknį́ ǫ́katʰą́ ną) - before the late civil war, we dwelt on the west side of what they called, Sweet Potato Creek [JOD-Valliere Rem]

► wa-se-taⁿ ni (waséttą ni) - Verdigris River

► wa-se-taⁿ ni (wassétun ni) - Verdigris River [ASG]

► cf. wa-se (wasé) - red paint [JOD]; wa-se sa (wasé sa) - black paint; wa-se to (wasé tto) - blue paint; wa-se to-hi (wassé ttóhi) - green paint; wa-se zi (wasé zi) - yellow paint

► Dhegiha: wa-se tu pezhi wa-tshi-shka kʰe (wa-sé t͓u pĕ́-jǐ watcícka kĕ) - the Verdigris R., Neb. [JOD-Omaha]; wa-se ʰtoⁿ xo-e (wa-çé ṭoⁿ-xo-e) - the Verdigris River, green paint was secured here, this was the second camp of the second buffalo trail [FL-Osage]; wa-se ʰtoⁿ xo-dse ga-xa (wa-çé ṭoⁿ xo-dse ga-xa) - green clay creek, branch of the Verdigris River, Okla [FL-Osage]; wa-se-ʰtaⁿ xo-e (waséʰtą xóe) - Verdigris River, lit., “gray sycamore” [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: wa-se tu xu-de (wa-sé-t͓u-qú-de) - verdigris, gray green clay or light blue clay [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: wa-se tu (waçe tu) - blue paint [Omaha]; wa-se tu (wa-sé t͓u) - green clay or green paint, verdigris [JOD-Omaha]; wa-se to (waséto) - verdigris, patina [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: wa-se saⁿ (wasésaⁿ) - white clay; made of white clay; earthenware; plaster; lime [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: wa-se zi (wasé zi) - yellow clay [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: wa-se zhi-de ni-ka (waséjíde níka) - Indian red paint [JOD-Omaha]; wa-se zhi-de (waséjide) - red paint; red clay [JOD-Omaha]; wa-se zhu-dse (wa-çé-zhu-dse) - red clay, red paint, rouge [FL-Osage]

► wi-si-ta ni (wísita ni) - Wichita River

► wi-chʰi-ta ni (witchi tánni) - Wichita River [ASG]

► cf. wi-si-ta (wísită) - Kwapa name for the Wichita Indians [JOD]

► Dhegiha: wi-chi-ta (wichita) - Wichita Tribe [Omaha]; wi-tsi-ʰta (wí-tsi-ṭa) - a Wichita, Wichitas, Wichita tribe of Indians [FL-Osage]; wi-tsi-ʰta (wíciʰta) - Wichita tribe or tribal member [CQ-Osage]; mi-tsi-ta (mítsitá) - Wichita people or tribe [Kaw]

water, shallow water

► ni xe-we (ni xewé) - shallow water

► cf. ni (ni) - water, liquid, stream, river; xe-we (xewé) - shallow

► Dhegiha: ni xe-be (ni xébe) - shallow water [JOD-Omaha]; ni xe-be (ní-xe-be) - shallow water [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: xe-be (xébe) - shallow, as a stream [Omaha/Ponca]; xe-be (xébe) - shallow [Omaha]; xe-be (xé-be) - shallow, not deep [FL-Osage]; xe-pe (xépe) - shallow [CQ-Osage]; xe-be (xébe) - be shallow [Kaw]

water, splash

► a-ka-ta (ákatta) - splash; make spray fall on one accidentally by hitting the water

► Dhegiha: a-ga-ta-ya (ágataya) - knock to pieces, smash, make fly in pieces, as a ball of snow or clod of earth, by throwing it at someone; shatter glass, as a bottle, by throwing at it or hitting it [Kaw]

water, sprinkle water

► a-ka-sti (ákasti) - sprinkle once on ► a-a-sti (áasti), a-a-ka-sti (áakasti) - I, a-da-sti (ádasti), a-da-ka-sti (ádakasti) - you, a-ka-sti (ákasti) - he/she

► Dhegiha: a-ga-si-ge (á-ga-çi-ge) - to sprinkle water with the fingers [FL-Osage]; ni a-ga-si-ge (ní a-ga-çi-ge) - to sprinkle water on some object; sprinkler [FL-Osage]

► a-ka-xtaⁿ-xtaⁿ (ákaxtąxtą) - sprinkle repeatedly ► a-a-ka-xtaⁿ-xtaⁿ (áakaxtąxtą) - I, a-da-ka-xtaⁿ-xtaⁿ (ádakaxtą́xtą) - you, a-ka-xtaⁿ-xtaⁿ (ákaxtąxtą) - he/she

► cf. a (a) - on, upon; ka-xtaⁿ (kaxtą́) - pour out, empty something; a-ka-xtaⁿ (ákaxtą) - pour water on, baptize

► ex: niⁿ a-ka-xtaⁿ-xtaⁿ (nį́ ákaxtąxtą) - to sprinkle an object with water from a brush or feather

► Dhegiha: ni a-ga-xtoⁿ (ni á-ga-qtaⁿ) - to pour or drop water on, used for, to baptize; pe ni a-ga-xtoⁿ (péni agaxtoⁿ) - baptize, anoint [Omaha]

water, squirt water

► ni a-bi-xoⁿ (ni ábiγǫ) - to squirt water on something from the mouth ► ni a-pi-xoⁿ (ni áppiγǫ) - I, ni a-shpi-xoⁿ (ni ášpiγǫ) - you, ni a-bi-xoⁿ (ni ábiγǫ) - he/she

► cf. a-bi-xoⁿ (ábiγǫ) - squirt, spit on; bi-xoⁿ (biγǫ́), (bixǫ́) - blow on something

► Dhegiha: a-bi-xaⁿ (á-bi-xaⁿ) - to blow on with the mouth [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: bi-xoⁿ (bixóⁿ) - blow, to blow, as at a fire [Omaha/Ponca]; bi-xaⁿ (bi-xáⁿ) - to blow at, as a fire [JOD-Omaha]; bi-xoⁿ (bi-xóⁿ) - to blow with the breath, to make a fire burn by blowing [FL-Osage]; pi-xaⁿ (píɣą) - blow as one’s nose, blow on something, blow into a fire, blow dust off a surface, blow a dandelion away in the wind, blow on a burnt finger to relieve pain [CQ-Osage]; bi-ghaⁿ (bigháⁿ) - blow on a fire to make it burn [Kaw]

water, sulphur water

► ni xwiⁿ (ni xwį) - sulphur spring water, “stinky water” [OM]

► cf. ni (ni) - water, liquid, stream, river; xwiⁿ (xwį), xo-wiⁿ (xowį́) - stink, emit offensive odor

► Dhegiha: ni (ní) - water [Omaha/Ponca]; ni (ni) - water, liquid, river [Omaha]; ni (ni) - water, river, rivulet, creek [FL-Osage]; ni (níi) - water, any fluid, liquid [CQ-Osage]; ni (ni) - water, river, any liquid [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: xwiⁿ (qwiⁿ), xuiⁿ (quíⁿ) - corrupt, putrid, rotten, offensive, stink, stinking, as carrion [Omaha/Ponca]; xuiⁿ (xuiⁿ) - stink, stench [Omaha]; xwiⁿ (xwiⁿ) - fetid, offensive smell [FL-Osage]; xoiⁿ (ɣoį́) - stink, stinky, fetid odor or offensive smell [CQ-Osage]

► ni xo-we (ni xówe) - mysterious water, holy or sacred water, the name for two sulphur springs, one on each side of Tar Creek, Indian Terr. [JOD]

► cf. ni (ni) - water, liquid, stream, river; xo-we (xówe) - sacred, holy

► Dhegiha: xu-be (xube) - hallowed, holy, wizard [Omaha]; xu-be (qubé) - sacred [JOD-Omaha]; xu-be (xúbe) - holy, supernatural power, sanctity [FL-Osage]; xo-pe (xópe) - sacred, consecrated, holy [CQ-Osage]

water, that water

► ni ko-i (ni kói) - that water

► cf. ni (ni) - water, liquid, stream, river; ko-i (kói) - that, there; that distant object

► ex: ni ko-i (ni kói) - water/that [JOD-Raccoon and Rabbit]

► ex: da-t’e shkaⁿ-ze taⁿ ni ko-i a-ba-knaⁿ-ta (datʔe šką́ze tą ni kói ábaknątta) - you pretend to be dead by that water [JOD-Raccoon and Rabbit]

► ni ko-i-kʰe (ní kóikʰe) - that water

► cf. ni (ni) - water, liquid, stream, river; ko-i-kʰe (kóikʰe) - that remote singular/lying/visible/animate or inanimate

► ex: ni ko-i-kʰe (ní kóikʰe) - water/that lg. object [JOD-Stafford Rem. 2]

► ex: aⁿ-zhiⁿ-ka-ti ni ko-i-kʰe e-koⁿ i-da-hi-bda a-ta-pa-xti (ąžįkátti ní kóikʰe ekǫ́ idáhibdá áttappaxtí) - when I was a little girl, I always bathed like that, in the water, in a spring, creek, or river [JOD-Stafford Rem. 2]

water, the water

► ni kʰe (ni kʰe) - the water

► ex: ni kʰe i-da-hi-bda (ni kʰe idáhibdá) - I bathed in the water

► ex: ni kʰe a-shi de kʰe (ní kʰe áši de kʰé) - the water goes (flows) over (ice formed earlier)

► ex: ni kʰe (ní kʰe) - water/the lying object [JOD-Raccoon and Rabbit]

► ex: e-ti-tʰaⁿ ni kʰe knoⁿ-ke de naⁿ (ettítʰą ní kʰe knǫ́ke dé ną) - and from there, Kingfisher dove into the water [JOD-Four Creators]

► ex: ni kʰe (ní kʰe) - water/the lg. ob. [JOD-Red Hair]

► ex: e-shoⁿ a-yi-ni hi i-ya-we, ni kʰe a-yi-ni hi i-ya-we (éšǫ áyini hí iyáwe, ní kʰe áyiní hí iyáwe) - after a while he made it across, he made it across the river, they say [JOD-Red Hair]

► ex: naⁿ-zo a-tʰaⁿ ni kʰe koⁿ-ha hi hi naⁿ (nązó átʰą ní kʰe kkǫ́ha hi hí ną) - bending it down so that it was very close to the water [JOD-Four Creators]

► ex: ni e-ti kʰe (ni ettí kʰe) - the creek there [JOD-Valliere Rem]

► ex: ma-zhaⁿ shi-ka-zhi shoⁿ-ti to-skide i-ke-ya-we ni e-ti kʰe, mi o-xpe-ta-de-de-do-shi aⁿ-kniⁿ aⁿ-ka-tʰaⁿ naⁿ (mažą́ šikáži šǫ́tti to skíde íkeáwe ni ettí kʰe, mi óxpettadédedóši ąknį́ ą́katʰą́ ną) - before the late civil war, we dwelt on the west side of what they called, Sweet Potato Creek [JOD-Valliere Rem]

► Dhegiha: ni kʰe (ní kĕ) - the water, the lying object [JOD-Omaha]; ni kshe (ni-kshe) - the river [FL-Osage]; ni kʰe (ni kʰe) - the water, the river [Kaw]

► ni tʰe (ní tʰe) - the water

► cf. ni (ni) - water, liquid, stream, river; tʰe (tʰe) - the singular, standing or collection; the standing object; the singular/standing/inanimate, collective/inanimate; long upright objects; collective, sitting inanimate, as a pile

► ex: wa-x’o niⁿ a-ki-de-ti a-niⁿ kʰi naⁿ i-a ni tʰe (waxʔó nį ákidé-tti anį́ kʰí ną iá ní tʰe) - the woman went to fetch the water and brought it back home, it is said [JOD-Four Creators]

► ex: e-ti wa-x’o tʰaⁿ i-ko-da-kde naⁿ i-a ni tʰe (étti waxʔó tʰą íkkodákde ną́ iá ní tʰe) - then, the woman hung the kettle of water over the fire, it is said [JOD-Four Creators]

► Dhegiha: ni tʰe (ní tĕ) - the water [JOD-Omaha]

water, to dive into the water

► ni kʰe knoⁿ-ke de (ní kʰe knǫ́ke dé) - to dive into the water

► cf. ni (ni) - water, liquid, stream, river; kʰe (kʰe) - the singular/lying/animate or inanimate; the singular lying object; long horizontal objects; animate lying; collective, standing as in a row; kdoⁿ-ke (kdǫ́ke), knoⁿ-ke (knǫ́ke) - dive; de (de) - to go

► ex: e-ti-tʰaⁿ ni kʰe knoⁿ-ke de naⁿ (ettítʰą ní kʰe knǫ́ke dé ną) - and from there, Kingfisher dove into the water [JOD-Four Creators]

► Dhegiha: gthoⁿ-ge (gthóⁿge) - to dive (Omaha/Ponca); gthoⁿ-ge (gthoⁿge) - dive [Omaha]; gthoⁿ-ge (gthóⁿ-ge) - to dive [FL-Osage]; laⁿ-ge (láⁿge) - dive in the water [Kaw]

water, to go into the water

► ni de-tʰe-ta-hi hi-de (ní detʰéttahí hidé) - to go into the water

► cf. ni (ni) - water, liquid, stream, river; de-tʰe-ta-hi (detʰéttahí) - to arrive/reach this standing object, to arrive to this collection; hi-de (hidé) - go, to have gone somewhere; to send thither, to send off

► ex: ni de-tʰe-ta-hi hi-de (ní detʰéttahí hidé) - he went way down into the water

water, to jump or leap into the water

► ni aⁿ-si (ní ą́si) - jump or leap into the water

► cf. ni (ni) - water, liquid, stream, river; aⁿ-si (ą́si), oⁿ-si (ǫ́si), o-’oⁿ-si (o’ǫ́si) - jump, leap

► ex: ni aⁿ-si (ní ą́si) - jump or leap into the water [JOD-Four Creators]

► Dhegiha: u-’oⁿ-si (u’óⁿsi) - to leap, jump [Omaha/Ponca]; u-woⁿ-si (uwoⁿçi) - jump [Omaha]; u-i-si (u-í-çi), wi-si (wí-çi), u-wi-si (u-wí-çi) - to spring; to jump; to leap; from a horse; to jump in play; to alight; to dismount [FL-Osage]; o-i-si (oísi), wi-si (wísi), o-wi-si (owísi) - to leap; get off, alight from, dismount from [CQ-Osage]; o-yi-si (óyisi), o-wi-si (owísi) - jump or leap [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: a-’oⁿ-si (á’oⁿsi) - to leap over; to transgress, go beyond the bounds; leap [Omaha/Ponca]; a-oⁿ-si (aoⁿçi) - leap [Omaha]; a-u-wi-si (á-u-wi-çi) - to jump over [FL-Osage]; a-wi-si (áwisi) - jump over [CQ-Osage]

water, to stand in water

► ni-a-hi na-zhiⁿ (niahí nažį) - to stand in water

► ex: ni-a-hi a-na-zhiⁿ (niahí anažį) - I stand in the water

► ni-hi na-zhiⁿ (níhi nažį) - to stand in water

► ex: ni-hi a-na-zhiⁿ (níhi anažį) - I stand in the water

water, to the water, towards the water, in the direction of the water

► ni-a-ta (niátta) - to the water

► cf. ni (ni) - water, liquid, stream, river; a-ta (-átta) - towards, in the direction of

► ex: ni-a-ta bde (niátta bde) - I go to the water

► ex: e-ti zha-we niⁿ ni-a-ta de ti (étti žáwe nį́ niátta dé-tti) - then, when the beaver went to the water [JOD-Four Creators]

► ex: ni-a-ta ko-e-kde (niátta koékde) - to the water/he started to run back to [JOD-Red Hair]

► ex: ki-di-ki-za-we e-shoⁿ haⁿ-ka e-zhiⁿ-ke ha kʰe o-ba-haⁿ tʰaⁿ o-naⁿ-shto-te naⁿ d[e] a-taⁿ ni-a-ta ko-e-kde i-ya-we ni-zhi-ha zhi-te i-da-kdi-xaⁿ ko-e-kde i-ya-we (kídikkizáwe ešǫ́ hą́ka ežį́ke há kʰe obáhą tʰą oną́štotte ną d[e]á tą niátta kóekde iyáwe, nižíha žítte idákdiγą́ koékde iyáwe) - after they made a way for him, he kicked off haⁿ-ka’s son’s skin in which he had been wearing and quickly started to run towards the river taking red hair with him, they say [JOD-Red Hair]

► ex: ni-a-ta de-de (niátta-déde) - towards the water [JOD-Red Hair]

► ex: ni-a-ta de-de aⁿ-di-ki-za-we (niátta-dede ądíkkizawé) - make room for me towards the river [JOD-Red Hair]

► ex: ni-a-ta de-de (niátta-déde) - towards the water [JOD-Red Hair]

► ex: naⁿ-zha ni-a-ta de-de ki-di-ki-za-we (ną́ža niátta-déde kídikkizáwe) - then they made room for him towards the river [JOD-Red Hair]

► ex: ni-a-ta de-de bde (niátta déde bde) - I go towards, in direction of the water

► ex: ni-a-ta de-de-tʰaⁿ a-kdi (níattá dédetʰą akdi) - I come back from the water

► ex: ni-a-ta-tʰaⁿ a-kdi (níattátʰą akdi) - I come back from the water

► Dhegiha: ni-a-ta (ní-a-t͓a) - to the water or stream [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: a-ta (ata) - at, to; ata is added when the preceding words ends in e, i, iⁿ; but when that word ends in “a”, the ta is added [Omaha/Ponca]

► ni-ta (nítta) - water, to the; towards the water, in the direction of the water

► ex: ni-ta bde (nítta bde) - I go to the water

► ex: ni-ta-tʰaⁿ a-kdi (níttatʰą akdi) - I have come back from the water

► Dhegiha: ta (-ta) - at, to [Omaha/Ponca]; ta (-ta) - suffix of position or of motion to a place; at; to [JOD-Omaha]; ʰta (ṭa) - in that direction [FL-Osage]; ʰta (ʰta) - toward, in the direction of, from, into [CQ-Osage]; ta (-ta) - in, at, towards: locative added to nouns or adverbs to create an adverb [Kaw]

water, to want water

► ni koⁿ-da (kǫdá) - to want water ► ni koⁿ-bda (ni kkǫ́bda) - I, ni shkoⁿ-ta (ni škǫ́tta) - you, ni koⁿ-da (ni kǫdá) - he/she, ni aⁿ-koⁿ-da (ni ąkǫ́da) - we, I and one other, ni aⁿ-koⁿ-da-we (ni ąkǫ́dawe) - we

► cf. ni (ni) - water, liquid, stream, river; koⁿ-da (kǫdá) - want, desire, wish

► ex: ni koⁿ-bda (ni kkǫ́bda) - I want water

► ex: ni shkoⁿ-ta (ni škǫttá) - do you want water? [MS]

water, under water

► ni maⁿ-tʰe (ní mątʰé) - under water

► cf. ni (ni) - water, liquid, stream, river; maⁿ-tʰe (mą́tʰe) - inside, in, within; under, beneath

► ex: ni maⁿ-tʰe (ní mątʰé) - under/beneath the water

► ex: ha niⁿ-kʰe-ti o-ki-zhi a-tʰaⁿ, ni maⁿ-tʰe o-bi-taⁿ de-de naⁿ (há nįkʰétti okíži-atʰą́, ní mą́tʰe obíttą déde ną) - he put them in a skin, which he plunged beneath the water [JOD-Four Creators]

► Dhegiha: maⁿ-tʰe (máⁿ-te) - in, into, within [JOD-Omaha]; moⁿ-tʰe (móⁿtʰe) - in, into, within [Omaha/Ponca]; moⁿ-te (moⁿte) - inside [Omaha]; moⁿ-tse (móⁿ-tse) - in the deepest of secret places [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-tsʰe (mącʰé) - in the center of something (centrally located), within, underneath [CQ-Osage]; maⁿ-che (máⁿche) - underneath, within [Kaw]

waterfall

► ni o-xpa-de (ní oxpáde) - waterfall

► cf. ni (ni) - water, liquid, stream, river; o-xpa-de (oxpáde) - fall from a height; mi-ka-x’e o-xpa-de (mikkáxʔe oxpáde) - meteor, shooting star, falling star

► Dhegiha: u-xpa-the (uxpathe) - fell, fall [Omaha]; u-xpa-the (uqpá¢ĕ) - falling from a height [JOD-Omaha]; u-xpa-the (u-xpá-the) - to fall, to become lost, to feel around with the hands in the dark, to grope [FL-Osage]; o-xpa-the (oxpáðe) - fall from a height, get lost, become lost, lose [CQ-Osage]; o-xpa-ye (oxpáye) - fall from a height, fall off, to fall from a height, get lost, become lost [Kaw]

waterfall

► ni o-xpa-de (ní oxpáde) - waterfall

► cf. ni (ni) - water, liquid, stream, river; o-xpa-de (oxpáde) - fall from a height

watermelon

► wa-tʰaⁿ (watʰą́) - watermelon [MS, OM]

► cf. wa-tʰaⁿ sa-ka (watʰą́ sákka) - watermelon; wa-tʰaⁿ sa-ka (uaton-sakkah) - honeydew melon (melon d’eau) [GI]; wa-tʰaⁿ si-ta (watʰą sítta) - muskmelon, mushmelon; wa-tʰaⁿ o-ha (watʰą óha) - pumpkin; wa-tʰoⁿ to (watʰǫ́ tto) - pumpkin

► Dhegiha: wa-toⁿ (watoⁿ) - pumpkin, squash, melon [Omaha]; wa-ʰtoⁿ (waṭóⁿ) - pumpkin, squash, or any of the vegetables of that family [FL-Osage]; wa-txaⁿ (watxą́), wa-kxaⁿ (wakxą́) - pumpkin, squash [CQ-Osage]; wa-khaⁿ (wakháⁿ) - pumpkin (generic term) [Kaw]

► wa-tʰaⁿ sa-ka (watʰą́ sákka) - watermelon

► wa-tʰaⁿ sa-ka (watʰą́ sákka) - watermelon [MS]

► wa-tʰaⁿ sa-ka (uaton-sakkah) - honeydew melon (melon d’eau) [GI]

► cf. wa-tʰaⁿ (watʰą́) - watermelon [MS, OM]; wa-tʰaⁿ si-ta (watʰą sítta) - muskmelon, mushmelon; wa-tʰaⁿ o-ha (watʰą óha) - pumpkin; wa-tʰoⁿ to (watʰǫ́ tto) - pumpkin

► Dhegiha: sa-kʰa thi-de (sákʰathíde) - watermelon [Omaha/Ponca]; sa-kʰa thi-de u-kʰe-thiⁿ (sákʰathide ukʰéthiⁿ) - watermelon, “common” Omaha watermelon, it has a green rind, usually striped, and black seeds [Omaha/Ponca]; sa-kiu (çá-ḳiu) - watermelon [FL-Osage]; sa-ʰku (sáʰku) - watermelon [CQ-Osage]; sa-ko-je (sákoje) - native melon [Kaw]

wave, in a body of water

► ni ta-zhe (ni ttáže) - wave (in a body of water)

► cf. ni (ni) - water, liquid, stream, river; ta-zhe (ttáže) - pop, snap, clap sound; ni ta-zhe naⁿ-pe (ni ttáže ną́ppe) - mud hen, mud hens are called, “fear to see waves”

wave, move back and forth

► ka-i-ze (káize) - wave, move back and forth ► a-i-ze (áize) - I, da-i-ze (dáize) - you, oⁿ-ka-i-za-we (ǫkáizawe) - we

► cf. a-ka-i-ze (ákaíze) - brandish a weapon at someone

► ex: aⁿ-ka-i-ze (ą́kaíze) - he brandished it at me

► ex: a-di-ka-i-ze (ádikaíze) - he brandished a weapon at you

► Dhegiha: ga-i-za (ga-í-za) - to wave to and fro, as a flag or blanket [JOD-Omaha]; ga-i-i-za (ga-í-i-za) - to cause to shake frequently by blowing, as the wind moves the branches of a tree [JOD-Omaha]; si ga-i-i-za (si gáiíza) - to jiggle one’s foot [Omaha/Ponca]

wavy

► ba-shoⁿ (bášǫ) - wavy, sawtooth, angled, zigzag; bent, crooked, misshapen; incurve

► cf. ba-shoⁿ (bašǫ́) - spill, push over and spill; to hold kettle by rim in hand and throw out contents by moving kettle forward with sudden jerk; throw out, as flour, sugar, water, ashes, etc.

► Dhegiha: ba-shoⁿ (bácaⁿ) - bent, crooked, misshapen, as a hand or foot [JOD-Omaha]; ba-shoⁿ (bacáⁿ) - to bend at a joint; to put out of joint, by pushing or punching; to dislocate, as an arm; a bend in a stream or road [JOD-Omaha]; ba-shoⁿ (ba-shóⁿ) - incurve, the bend of a river; crooked [FL-Osage]; pa-shoⁿ (pašǫ́), pa-shoⁿ-we (pašǫ́we), pa-shoⁿ-wi (pašǫ́wi) - bind (as a blanket), using a zigzag pattern on the edges [CQ-Osage]; ba-shoⁿ (bashóⁿ) - close a knife blade, fold shut [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ba-shoⁿ-shoⁿ (bashoⁿshoⁿ) - crooked; uneven [Omaha]; ba-shoⁿ-shoⁿ (ba-shóⁿ-shoⁿ) - zigzag, in a zigzag way [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: yu-ba-shoⁿ-she (yubáshoⁿshe) - to make a zigzag pattern [Kaw]

► ba-shoⁿ-knaⁿ (bašǫkną) - angled, as two panels of a snake fence

► cf. ba-shoⁿ (bášǫ) - wavy, sawtooth, angled, zigzag; bent, crooked, misshapen; incurve; knaⁿ (kną) - put or set

► Dhegiha: a-gthoⁿ (ágthoⁿ) - to place a curved object, book, paper, piece of calico, etc., on something else, as a foundation; to apply externally, as a plaster or poultice [Omaha/Ponca]; a-gthoⁿ (ágthoⁿ) - to place one thing upon another [FL-Osage]; a-laⁿ (álą) - place vertically against, place on, put on [CQ-Osage]; a-laⁿ (álaⁿ) - put curved or rounded/sitting, or cloth, or paper on [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: u-gthoⁿ (ug¢áⁿ) - to put a cv. in. ob., etc., into a barrel or cv. box; to put a book, paper, piece of cloth, etc., into the pocket [JOD-Omaha]; u-gthoⁿ (u-gthoⁿ) - to put in, putting in, a place of deposit, to inclose, in which to put, to thrust in, to put a stake in a pile when gambling [FL-Osage]; o-laⁿ (oolą́) - put into, place inside of, pour round items into, add items to cooking, pour liquid into [CQ-Osage]; o-laⁿ (oláⁿ) - put a sitting/inanimate object into something, to put a curvilinear (wide rather than tall) object such as paper, a book, a bandage, cloth, etc. within a receptacle [Kaw]

► ba-shoⁿ-knaⁿ-knaⁿ (bašǫ́knąkną) - wavy, sawtooth, as many panels (of a snake fence)

► cf. ba-shoⁿ (bášǫ) - wavy, sawtooth, angled, zigzag; bent, crooked, misshapen; incurve; knaⁿ (kną) - put or set

► ko-ko-zhe (kokožé) - wavy, sawtooth, as many panels (of a snake fence)

► cf. di-ko-ko-zhe (dikókože) - zigzag; di-ko-zhe (dikóže) - bend something; ko-zhe (kóže) - bent, crooked; not straight, as bent arrow; a di-ko-zhe (á dikóže) - bend the arm; ko-sha (kkóša) - bent, crooked

► Dhegiha: thi-gu-gu-zhe (thigúguzhe) - bent a little here and there [Omaha/Ponca]; thi-gu-gu-zhe (thi guguzhe) - uneven; crooked [Omaha]

► Dhegiha: thi-gu-zhe (thigúzhe) - bent a little, like a fish-hook [Omaha/Ponca]; thi-gu-zhe (thíguzhe) - crooked [Omaha]

► Dhegiha: o-ga-go-je (ogágoje) - the inside corner, inside bend, or inside angle of any object [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ʰku-sha (ḳu-sha) - crooked [FL-Osage]; ko-zha (kósha) - crooked, bent a little [Kaw]

► di-ko-ko-zhe (dikókože) - zigzag

► cf. di-ko-zhe (dikóže) - bend something; ko-ko-zhe (kokožé) - wavy, sawtooth, as many panels (of a snake fence); a di-ko-zhe (á dikóže) - bend the arm; ko-zhe (kóže) - bent, crooked; not straight, as bent arrow; ko-sha (kkóša) - bent, crooked

► Dhegiha: thi-gu-gu-zhe (thigúguzhe) - bent a little here and there [Omaha/Ponca]; thi-gu-gu-zhe (thi guguzhe) - uneven; crooked [Omaha]

► Dhegiha: thi-gu-zhe (thigúzhe) - bent a little, like a fish-hook [Omaha/Ponca]; thi-gu-zhe (thíguzhe) - crooked [Omaha]

► Dhegiha: o-ga-go-je (ogágoje) - the inside corner, inside bend, or inside angle of any object [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ʰku-sha (ḳu-sha) - crooked [FL-Osage]; ko-zha (kósha) - crooked, bent a little [Kaw]

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