Quapaw Dictionary

English to Quapaw Dictionary
A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H-I-J-K-L-M-N-O-P-Q-R-S-T-U-V-W-X-Y-Z
Quapaw Sources	Dhegiha Sources

Waco Indian - watch	water - wavy	we - weave
wed - wheel	when - whetstone	which - whole
whoop - windless	window - wolf	woman - Wyandotte

we only, only us

► aⁿ-ko-naⁿ (ąkóną), oⁿ-ko-naⁿ (ǫkóną) - only we, only us

► cf. wi-naⁿ (wíną), wi-e-naⁿ (wíeną́) - only I, I alone; di-naⁿ (díną) - you only; e-naⁿ (éną), e-naⁿ-hi (enąhí) - only that, him, her, it

► Dhegiha: aⁿgu-hnaⁿ (añgú-hnaⁿ) - we alone [JOD-Omaha]; aⁿ-ko-naⁿ (ąkóną), aⁿ-ko-na (ąkóna) - we only, it is only we [CQ-Osage]

we too, us too

► aⁿ-ko-we-hoⁿ (ąkowehǫ́), oⁿ-ko-we-hoⁿ (ǫkowehǫ́) - we too, us too

► cf. wi-e-hoⁿ (wíehǫ) - I, I too, me too, as for me; di-e-hoⁿ (díehǫ) - you too; e-hoⁿ (ehǫ́) - it, he, she, too

► ex: aⁿ-ko-we-hoⁿ aⁿ-wa-shkaⁿ taⁿ-niⁿ aⁿ-ka-kda-we (ąkowehǫ́ ąwášką ttą́nį ą́kákdawe) - we too were running with all our might back home

► Dhegiha: aⁿ-gu-shti (añgu-ctǐ) - we too [Omaha/Ponca]; oⁿ-gu-shki i (oⁿ-gu-shki i) - we also [FL-Osage]; aⁿ-ko-shki (ąkóški) - we also [CQ-Osage]; aⁿ-ge-shki (áⁿgeshkí) - we too, us too [Kaw]

we, dual, I and one other verb conjugation

► aⁿ (ą), oⁿ (ǫ) - we, dual, I and on other

► ex: aⁿ-maⁿ-niⁿ (ąmą́nį) - we, I and one other walk; conjugated from maⁿ-niⁿ (mąnį́) - walk, move; exist, act or live a certain way

► ex: aⁿ-ka-xe (ąkáγe) - we, I and one other make; conjugated from ka-xe (káγe) - to make

► ex: t’e-aⁿ-de (tʔeą́de) - we, I and one other kill; conjugated from t’e-de (tʔede) - kill

► ex: aⁿ-zhaⁿ (ąžą́) - we, I and one other sleep, lie, recline; conjugated from zhaⁿ (žą), zhoⁿ (žǫ) - sleep, lie, recline

► ex: aⁿ-k’iⁿ (ąkʔį) - we, I and one other carry, pack on the back; conjugated from k’iⁿ (kʔį) - carry, pack on the back

► ex: aⁿ-da-tʰe (ądátʰe) - we, I and one other eat, chew; conjugated from da-tʰe (datʰé) - eat, chew

► ex: aⁿ-kniⁿ (ąknį́) - we, I and one other sit, be sitting; be in a place, camp; conjugated from kniⁿ (knį), kdiⁿ (kdį) - sit, be sitting; be in a place, camp

► ex: aⁿ-wa-naⁿ-bde (ąwánąbdé) - we, I and one other eat a meal, dine, eating; conjugated from wa-naⁿ-bde (waną́bde) - eat a meal, dine, eating; food

► aⁿ-k (ąk), oⁿ-k (ǫk) - we, dual, I and on other

► ex: aⁿ-ka-niⁿ (ąkánį) - we, I and one other have, keep; conjugated from a-niⁿ (anį́) - have, keep

► ex: aⁿ-ko-zha (ą́kožá) - we, I and one other dance; conjugated from o-za (óža) - dance

► ex: aⁿ-koⁿ-da (ąkǫ́da) - we, I and one other want; conjugated from koⁿ-da (kǫdá) - want, desire, wish

► ex: aⁿ-ko-tʰiⁿ (ąkótʰį) - we, I and one other strike, slap, hit; conjugated from o-tʰiⁿ (otʰį́) - strike, slap, hit

► ex: aⁿ-ko (ąkǫ́) - we, I and one other do, be; conjugated from ’oⁿ (ʔǫ), oⁿ (ǫ) - do, be

► ex: aⁿ-kiⁿ (ąkį́) - we, I and one other wear, over the shoulders as a blanket, robe, shawl; conjugated from ’iⁿ (ʔį), iⁿ (į) - wear, over the shoulders as a blanket, robe, shawl

► ex: aⁿ-ko-kda-shke (ąkókdaške) - we, I and one other tie our own to; conjugated from o-kda-shke (okdáške) - tie ones own to

► aⁿ-ka (ąká) - we, dual, I and on other

► ex: aⁿ-ka-de (ąkáde) - we, I and one other go; conjugated from de (de) - to go

► ex: aⁿ-ka-kdi (ąkákdi) - we, I and one other have come back here, have come back home; conjugated from kdi (kdi) - to have come back here; to have come back home

► ex: aⁿ-ka-kde (ą́kakdé) - we, I and one other go home, start homeward; conjugated from kde (kdé) - go home, to start homeward

► aⁿ-naⁿ (ąną́) - we, dual, I and on other

► ex: aⁿ-naⁿ-ka-zo-zo (ąną́kazozo) - we, I and one other writing, drawing; conjugated from i-ka-zo-zo (ikazózo) - writing, drawing

► ex: aⁿ-naⁿ-ki-naⁿ (ąną́kkiną) - we, I and one other help, side with; conjugated from i-ki-naⁿ (ikkiną́) - help, side with

► ex: aⁿ-naⁿ (ąną́) - we, I and one other say; conjugated from i-e (ié), i-ye (iyé) - say

► wa (wá) - we, dual, I and on other

► ex: wa-shi-ke (wášike) - we, I and one other bad; conjugated from shi-ke (šíke) - bad, ugly

► ex: wa-t’e-hoⁿ-ke (watʔéhǫke) - we, I and one other almost dead; conjugated from t’e-hoⁿ-ke (tʔéhǫké), t’e haⁿ-ke (tʔé hą́ke) - almost dead; to be insensible, comatose

► ex: wa-ma-xi-ka (wamáɣika) - we, I and one other modest, shy, diffident, bashful; conjugated from ma-xi-ka (máɣiká) - modest, shy, diffident, bashful

we, dual, I and one other continuative moving

► aⁿ-niⁿ (ąnį́) - we, dual, I and one other continuative moving

► cf. niⁿ (nį) - 3^rd person singular continuative aux moving; niⁿ (nį) - the singular, moving, animate; animate singular moving

► ex: wi-e di-e e-naⁿ-pa de-do aⁿ-niⁿ (wíe die eną́pa dédo ąnį́) - you and I are here

► ex: wi-e e-naⁿ-pa de-do aⁿ-niⁿ (wíe eną́pa dédo ąnį́) - he and I are here

► ex: aⁿ-de aⁿ-niⁿ (ą́de ą́nį) - we went/we who moved (= we were going) [JOD-Woman and Maneater]

► ex: de te ta-bde aⁿ-ka-de ni o-ha naⁿ-hi aⁿ-de aⁿ-niⁿ naⁿ (dé tte tábde ąkáde ní ohá nąhí ą́de ą́nį ną́) - when he went, we went hunting, we went by way of the river [JOD-Woman and Maneater]

► Dhegiha: thiⁿ (thiⁿ) - the moving [JOD-Omaha]; thiⁿ (thiⁿ) - a man or animal moving about [FL-Osage]; yi (yi) - continuative, moving/animate [Kaw]

we, dual, I and one other continuative sitting

► aⁿ-niⁿ-kʰe (ąnį́kʰe), oⁿ-niⁿ-kʰe (ǫ́nįkʰe) - we, I and one other, 1^st person dual continuative sitting

► cf. niⁿ-kʰe (nįkʰé) - continuative aux sitting; niⁿ-kʰe (nįkʰe) - the singular / sitting / animate or inanimate; animate singular sitting; round or squat objects

► ex: koⁿ-aⁿ-niⁿ-kʰe (kǫ ąnį́kʰe) - we (dual) sit so awhile

► ex: kaⁿ-aⁿ-niⁿ-kʰe e-te te (ką-ąnį́kʰe étte tté) - we sit alone awhile/I wonder if [JOD-Cinderella]

► ex: iⁿ-ta-te, toⁿ ha-ki e-hi-te e-ti niⁿ-kʰa-zhi hi taⁿ kaⁿ-aⁿ-niⁿ-kʰe e-te te, i-ye niⁿ-ki-ya (įttátte, ttǫ́ hakí ehitté ettí nįkʰaží hi tą́ ką-ąnį́kʰe étte tté, iyé nįkíya) - she was saying, my father, is there not a village anywhere, I wonder if we are all alone, it is said [JOD-Cinderella]

► ex: aⁿ-naⁿ-ki-naⁿ aⁿ-niⁿ-kʰe (ąną́kkiną ą́nįkʰe) - we, the two of us, are siding with ….

► ex: aⁿ-ko-we aⁿ-ko-tʰiⁿ aⁿ-niⁿ-kʰe (ąkówe ąkótʰį ąnįkʰé) - you and I are striking him now with closed hand

► ex: aⁿ-ko-di-sh’a-ke aⁿ-naⁿ aⁿ-niⁿ-kʰe (ąkódišʔaké ąną́ ąnįkʰe) - we (dual sitting) are unwilling to say

► ex: be-ni-hi aⁿ-niⁿ-kʰe (beníhi ąnįkʰé) - we (dual sitting) are companionless

► ex: kdi, toⁿ ta aⁿ-ka-de taⁿ-niⁿ-kʰe (kdi, ttǫ tta ąkáde ttąnįkʰe) - come on, we are going to town [AG]

► Dhegiha: aⁿ-thiⁿ-kshe (ąðįkšé) - continuative aspect postverbal marker (indicating ongoing action or state in present or past time) for sitting or lying down 1^st dual subject, “we two” [CQ-Osage]; aⁿ-niⁿ-khe (aⁿniⁿkhé) - continuative, we while sitting [Kaw]

we, dual, I and one other continuative standing

► aⁿ-ka-tʰaⁿ (ą́katʰą́), oⁿ-ka-tʰaⁿ (ǫ́katʰą) - we, I and one other, 1^st person dual continuative standing

► cf. tʰaⁿ (tʰą) - continuative auxiliary, singular / standing / animate; tʰaⁿ (tʰą) - the standing / animate; animate standing; singular standing animate

► ex: be-ni-hi aⁿ-ka-tʰaⁿ (beníhi ąkatʰą́) - companionless/very/we (I and one other) standing

► ex: be-ni-hi aⁿ-ka-tʰaⁿ (beníhi ąkatʰą́) - we (I and one other standing) are companionless

► ex: de-do aⁿ-ka-tʰaⁿ (dédo ąkátʰą) - here/we (I and one other) standing

► ex: de-do aⁿ-ka-tʰaⁿ (dédo ąkátʰą) - we are here

► ex: aⁿ-kniⁿ aⁿ-ka-tʰaⁿ (ąknį́ ą́katʰą́) - we (I and one other) sit, be in a place, camp/we (I and one other) standing [JOD-Valliere Rem]

► ex: ma-zhaⁿ shi-ka-zhi shoⁿ-ti to-skide i-ke-ya-we ni e-ti kʰe, mi o-xpe-ta-de-de-do-shi aⁿ-kniⁿ aⁿ-ka-tʰaⁿ naⁿ (mažą́ šikáži šǫ́tti to skíde íkeáwe ni ettí kʰe, mi óxpettadédedóši ąknį́ ą́katʰą́ ną) - before the late civil war, we dwelt on the west side of what they called, Sweet Potato Creek [JOD-Valliere Rem]

► ex: wi-e ko-e-ta aⁿ-ko-tʰiⁿ aⁿ-ka-tʰaⁿ (wíe koettá ąkótʰį ąkatʰą́) - I, me/they too/we (I and one other) strike, slap, hit/we (I and one other) standing

► ex: wi-e ko-e-ta aⁿ-ko-tʰiⁿ aⁿ-ka-tʰaⁿ (wíe koettá ąkótʰį ąkatʰą́) - we (they and I) will strike him with closed hand

► ex: wi-e de-ni-kʰa-ta aⁿ-ko-tʰiⁿ aⁿ-ka-tʰaⁿ (wié denikʰátta ąkótʰį ąkatʰą́) - I, me/these too/we (I and one other) strike, slap, hit/we (I and one other) standing

► ex: wi-e de-ni-kʰa-ta aⁿ-ko-tʰiⁿ aⁿ-ka-tʰaⁿ (wié denikʰátta ąkótʰį ąkatʰą́) - we (they and I) will strike him with closed hand

► ex: aⁿ-ko-we e-aⁿ-wa-naⁿ aⁿ-ka-tʰaⁿ (ąkówe eą́waną́ ąkatʰą́) - we, us/we (I and one other) say, to be saying it/we (I and one other) standing

► ex: aⁿ-ko-we e-aⁿ-wa-naⁿ aⁿ-ka-tʰaⁿ (ąkówe eą́waną́ ąkatʰą́) - we are saying it

► ex: aⁿ-naⁿ-ki-shte aⁿ-ka-tʰaⁿ (ąną́kište ą́katʰą́) - we (I and one other) ashamed of ones own; ashamed of or for another/we (I and one other) standing

► ex: aⁿ-naⁿ-ki-shte aⁿ-ka-tʰaⁿ (ąną́kište ą́katʰą́) - we are ashamed of him

► ex: we-bnaⁿ-we aⁿ-ka-tʰaⁿ (webną́we ąkátʰą) - we, plural satiated/we (I and one other) standing

► ex: we-bnaⁿ-we aⁿ-ka-tʰaⁿ (webną́we ąkátʰą) - we are tired of, gotten enough of; lonesome

► Dhegiha: aⁿ-ga-tʰaⁿ (áⁿgataⁿ), oⁿ-ga-tʰoⁿ (oⁿgatʰoⁿ) - we who stand, we who stood [JOD-Omaha]; oⁿ-ga-ʰtoⁿ (óⁿ-ga-ṭoⁿ) - we who are here [FL-Osage]; aⁿ-ka-txaⁿ (ąkatxą́) - continuative aspect postverbal marker (indicating ongoing action or state in present or past time) for standing (sometimes lying down) 1^st pl. subject [CQ-Osage]; aⁿ-ga-kha (aⁿgakhá), aⁿ-ga-khaⁿ (aⁿgákhaⁿ) - continuative we, while standing; 1^st person dual and 1^st person plural [Kaw]

► ta aⁿ-ka-tʰaⁿ (tta ąkatʰą́), taⁿ-ka-tʰaⁿ (ttąkatʰą́) - we, I and one other will or shall

► cf. ta (tta) - future tense; aⁿ-ka-tʰaⁿ (ą́katʰą́), oⁿ-ka-tʰaⁿ (ǫ́katʰą) - we, I and one other, 1^st person dual continuative standing

► ex: aⁿ-ka-kde taⁿ-ka-tʰaⁿ (ą́kakdé tta ą́katʰą) - we are going home (me and you are going home) [MS]

► ex: a-shi-oⁿ-he-taⁿ she-ta oⁿ-ka-hi taⁿ-ka-tʰaⁿ (ášiǫhéttą šétta ǫkáhi ttąkatʰą́) - later on, we will reach there (where you are)

► ex: ka-sa-ni aⁿ-ko-we aⁿ-ko-tʰiⁿ taⁿ-ka-tʰaⁿ (kasáni ąkówe ąkótʰį ttąkatʰą́) - you and I will strike him tomorrow with closed hand

► ex: aⁿ-ko-we e-naⁿ-pa ka-sa-ni aⁿ-ko-tʰiⁿ taⁿ-ka-tʰaⁿ (ąkówe énąpa kasáni ąkótʰį ttąkatʰą́) - he and I will strike him tomorrow with closed hand

► Dhegiha: ta aⁿ-ga-tʰoⁿ (ta añgataⁿ), taⁿ-ga-tʰoⁿ (táñgataⁿ), (táⁿgataⁿ) - we shall, we will, we who will [JOD-Omaha]; ʰta aⁿ-ka-txaⁿ (ʰta ąkátxą) - we will [CQ-Osage]; ta aⁿ-ga-kha (ta aⁿgakhá), ta aⁿ-ga-khaⁿ (ta aⁿgakháⁿ), taⁿ-ga-kha (táⁿgakha), taⁿ-ga-khaⁿ (táⁿgakhaⁿ) - we will [Kaw]

we, on the one hand

► aⁿ-ko-we-zha (ąkóweža), oⁿ-ko-we-zha (ǫkóweža) - we (contrastive), “we, on the one hand”

► cf. wi-e-zha (wíeža) - I, but I, whereas I; di-e-zha (díeža) - you, contrastive; e-ti e-zha (etti éža), e-te-zha (ettéža) - then, and then; then, in contrast to the preceding occurrences or results

► Dhegiha: oⁿ-gu-e-zha (oⁿguézha) - we, on the one hand, marks a contrast; wi-e-zha (wíezha) - I, in contrast to others, marks a contrast between the speaker and someone else; thi-e-zha (thíezha) - you on the one hand, you on the other [Omaha/Ponca]

we, plural continuative lying

► iⁿ-ke (įké), iⁿ-kʰe (įkʰé) - we, plural continuative lying

► cf. kʰe (kʰé) - continuative lying; kʰe (kʰe) - the singular/lying/animate or inanimate; the singular lying object; long horizontal objects; animate lying; collective, standing as in a row; ke (ke) - the pl/st/an or pl/st/in; the plural standing or scattered; scattered objects; scattered inanimate

► ex: wa-zho-kde ho-taⁿ hi aⁿ-ka-ni iⁿ-ke (wažokde hóttą hi ąkanį́ įké) - we got some good leaders here [MS]

► ex: o-zha wa-zho-kde ho-taⁿ hi aⁿ-ka-ni iⁿ-ke (óža wažokde hóttą hi ąkanį́ įké) - we have good leaders [MS]

we, plural continuative moving

► aⁿ-ka-niⁿ (ą́kanį), oⁿ-ka-niⁿ (ǫ́kanį) - we plural continuative moving

► cf. niⁿ (nį) - 3^rd person singular continuative aux moving; niⁿ (nį) - the singular, moving, animate; animate singular moving

► ex: wa-hiⁿ zhi-te aⁿ-naⁿ-niⁿ aⁿ-taⁿ aⁿ-ko-zha aⁿ-ka-niⁿ naⁿ (wahį́ žítte ąną́nį ą́ttą ą́kožá ą́kanį ną) - we wore red broadcloth when we danced

► ex: wa-pe-da aⁿ-wa-pe-da aⁿ-ka-niⁿ (wappéda ąwáppeda ą́kanį) - we put handkerchiefs (or silver hatbands) around our head

► ex: do-ka-ni hi aⁿ-ka-niⁿ naⁿ (dokkáni hi ą́kanį ną) - we were entirely naked

► ex: wa-pe-da aⁿ-naⁿ-pe-da aⁿ-ka-niⁿ (wappéda ąną́ppeda ą́kanį) - we wear a handkerchief around our head

► ex: wi-aⁿ-shnaⁿ aⁿ-ka-niⁿ (wią́šną ąkanį́) - we are thankful

► ex: aⁿ-naⁿ-niⁿ aⁿ-ka-niⁿ (ąną́nį ą́kanį́) - we are wearing/putting on (dress or shirt)

► ex: aⁿ-ko-tʰaⁿ aⁿ-ka-niⁿ (ąkótʰą ą́kanį́) - we are wearing/putting on (shoes or leggings)

► Dhegiha: aⁿ-ga-thiⁿ (añ́ga¢iⁿ) - we who move [JOD-Omaha]; oⁿ-ga thiⁿ (oⁿ-ga thiⁿ) - we (moving) [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: thiⁿ (thiⁿ) - the moving [JOD-Omaha]; thiⁿ (thiⁿ) - a man or animal moving about [FL-Osage]; yi (yi) - continuative, moving/animate [Kaw]

we, plural continuative standing

► aⁿ-ka-ke (ąkáke), oⁿ-ka-ke (ǫkáke) - we plural continuative standing

► cf. ke (ke) - the plural / standing / animate or plural / standing / inanimate; the plural standing or scattered; scattered objects; scattered inanimate

► ex: de-do aⁿ-ka-ke (dédo ąkáke) - we are here

► Dhegiha: ge (ge) - the scattered inanimate objects [Omaha/Ponca]; ge (ge) - the; these; sign of plural used to qualify nouns; among, amongst [FL-Osage]; ke (ke) - positional article for dispersed, scattered, or randomly located entities (modifies noun phrases); around, in dispersed locations or with dispersing action [CQ-Osage]; ge (ge) - the, definite article used with scattered inanimate objects; such as beads, rocks, etc.; the, used with cloth-like objects like fabric, hides, thin paper [Kaw]

we, plural verb conjugation

► aⁿ …. we (ą …. we), oⁿ …. we (ǫ …. we) - we, plural

► ex: aⁿ-maⁿ-niⁿ-we (ąmą́nįwe) - we, plural walk; conjugated from maⁿ-niⁿ (mąnį́) - walk, move; exist, act or live a certain way

► ex: e-aⁿ-ki-oⁿ-we (eąkiǫ́we) - we, plural do; conjugated from e-ki-’oⁿ (ékiʔǫ), e-ki-oⁿ (ékiǫ́) - do; do as someone has said or done

► aⁿ …. a-we (ą …. awe), oⁿ …. a-we (ǫ …. awe) - we, plural

► ex: aⁿ-ka-xa-we (ąkáγawe) - we, plural make; conjugated from ka-xe (káγe) - to make

► ex: t’e-aⁿ-da-we (tʔéądáwe) - we, plural kill; conjugated from t’e-de (tʔede) - kill

► ex: oⁿ-kde-wa-we (ǫkdewawe) - we, plural vomit; conjugated from kde-we (kdéwe) - vomit

► ex: naⁿ-oⁿ-pa-we (ną́ǫppawe) - we, plural afraid; conjugated from naⁿ-pe (ną́ppe), noⁿ-pe (nǫ́ppe) - afraid, to fear the sight of something

► ex: oⁿ-oⁿ-da-we (ǫ́ǫdawe) - we, plural throw away; conjugated from oⁿ-de (ǫdé) - throw away, abandon, leave

► aⁿ …. a-wi (ą …. awi), oⁿ …. a-wi (ǫ …. awi) - we, plural

► ex: aⁿ-kdoⁿ-ka-wi (ąkdǫ́kawi) - we, plural dive; conjugated from kdoⁿ-ke (kdǫ́ke), knoⁿ-ke (knǫ́ke) - dive

► aⁿ-k …. a-we (ąk …. awe), oⁿ-k …. a-we (ǫk …. awe) - we, plural

► ex: aⁿ-ko-zha-we (ą́kožáwe) - we, plural dance; conjugated from o-za (óža) - dance

► ex: aⁿ-koⁿ-da-we (ąkǫ́dawe) - we, plural want; conjugated from koⁿ-da (kǫdá) - want, desire, wish

► ex: aⁿ-ka-da-we (ąkádawe) - we, plural go; conjugated from de (de) - to go

► aⁿ-naⁿ …. we (ąną …. we), aⁿ-noⁿ …. we (ąnǫ …. we) - we, plural

► ex: aⁿ-noⁿ-ba-haⁿ-we (ąnǫbahąwe) - we, plural know; conjugated from i-ba-haⁿ (íbahą), i-ba-hoⁿ (íbahǫ) - know, know how, recognize

► ex: aⁿ-naⁿ-we (ąną́we) - we, plural say; conjugated from i-e (ié), i-ye (iyé) - say, talk, speak

► ex: aⁿ-naⁿ-xoⁿ we (ąną́xǫwe) - we, plural ridicule; conjugated from i-xoⁿ (ixǫ́) - ridicule

► aⁿ-naⁿ …. a-we (ąną …. awe), aⁿ-noⁿ …. a-we (ąnǫ …. awe) - we, plural

► ex: aⁿ-naⁿ-xo-wa-we (ąną́xowawe) - we, plural lie; conjugated from iⁿ-xo-we (į́xowe) - lie, tell a lie

► aⁿ-daⁿ …. a-we (ądą …. awe) - we, plural, possibly aⁿ-naⁿ …. a-we (ąną …. awe)

► ex: aⁿ-doⁿ-shta-we (ądǫ́štawe) - we ashamed; conjugated from i-shte (íšte) - be ashamed

► ex: oⁿ-doⁿ-ki-oⁿ-xa-we (ǫdǫ́kkiǫγawe) - we question ourselves; conjugated from i-ki-ma-xe (íkkimáγe) - question oneself

► wa …. we (wa …. we) - we, plural

► ex: wa-si-si-we (wasísiwe) - we, plural active; conjugated from si-si (sisí) - active

► ex: wa-naⁿ-haⁿ-we (wanąhą́we) - we, plural old, grown up, mature, raised; conjugated from naⁿ-haⁿ (ną́hą), noⁿ-hoⁿ (nǫhǫ́) - old, grown up, mature, raised

► ex: naⁿ-pe-wa-hi-we (nąppéwahiwé) - we, plural hungry; conjugated from naⁿ-pe-hi (nąppéhi) - to be hungry

► ex: wa-ho-taⁿ-we (wáhottą́we) - we, plural good; conjugated from ho-taⁿ (hóttą) - good; pretty; happy

► ex: wa-niⁿ-ke-hi-we (wanį́kehiwé) - we, plural have none at all; conjugated from ni-ke hi (niké hi), niⁿ-ke hi (nį́ke hi) - nothing at all, none at all, very destitute of

► ex: wa-kda-we (wákdawe) - we, plural suffer; conjugated from a-kda (ákda) - suffer

► wa …. a-we (wa …. awe) - we, plural

► ex: wa-ha-t’a-we (wáhatʔawe) - we, plural die; conjugated from ha-t’e (hátʔe) - to be sick, ill

► ex: wa-t’a-we (watʔáwe) - we, plural die; conjugated from t’e (tʔe) - die

► ex: wa-shi-ka-we (wášikawe) - we, plural bad, ugly; conjugated from shi-ke (šíke) - bad, ugly

► ex: wa-ste-ta-we (wástettáwe) - we, plural tall; conjugated from ste-te (stétte) - tall, long

► ex: wa-ni-ka-we (waníkawe), wa-niⁿ-ka-we (wanį́kawe) - we, plural have none, lacking, destitute, without; conjugated from ni-ke (niké), niⁿ-ke (nįké) - to have none, be lacking, destitute, without

► ex: wa-ba-xi-ta-we (wábaxíttawé) - we, plural sweat, perspire; conjugated from ba-xi-te (baxítte), ba-xiⁿ-te (baxį́tte), pa-xiⁿ-te (paxį́tte) - sweat, perspire

► ex: sni-tʰe zho-wa-ka-ta-we (snítʰe žówakkáttawe) - we, plural have fever and chills; conjugated from sni-tʰe zho-ka-te (snítʰe žókkatté) - to have fever and chills

► waⁿ …. a-we (wą …. awe) - we, plural

► ex: waⁿ-te-a-we (wą́teáwe) - we, plural have pain; conjugated from iⁿ-te (įté), (įtté), iⁿ-de (įdé) - to have a pain; ache, hurt

► ex: o-ki-te waⁿ-te-a-we (okkítte wąteawe) - we, plural have arthritis; conjugated from o-ki-te iⁿ-te (okkítte įté) - arthritis, to have rheumatism, “joint pain”

► wi-aⁿ …. a-we (wią́….awe) - we, plural

► ex: wi-aⁿ-naⁿ-tʰa-we (wią́nątʰáwe) - we, plural satisfied after meal; conjugated from we-naⁿ-tʰe (wénątʰé) - satisfied after a meal, to have enough, full, to feel full after eating a hearty meal

► wi-aⁿ …. we (wią́….we) - we, plural

► ex: wi-aⁿ-shnaⁿ-we (wią́šnąwé) - we, plural thankful; conjugated from we-shnaⁿ (wéšną) - thankful, pleased; thank someone]

► we …. we (we …. we) - we, plural

► ex: we-hi-ta-we (wéhittawé) - we, plural anxious to do something; conjugated from i-hi-ta (íhitta) - to be anxious to do something

► ex: we-pa-we (wépawe) - we, plural swell; conjugated from i-pa (ípa) - swell

► ex: we-ka-sh’o-ka-we (wékašʔokawé) - we, plural acquainted; conjugated from ka-sh’o-ka (kašʔoká) - acquainted, familiar

► ex: we-bnaⁿ-we (webną́we) - we, plural satiated; conjugated from i-bnaⁿ (íbną) - tired of, satiated, gotten enough, surfeited, enough, sufficient, satisfied, to have enough of something; lonesome

► we …. a-we (we …. awe) - we, plural

► ex: we-ko-i-ha-we (wékoiháwe) - we are fearful, apprehensive; conjugated from i-ko-i-he (ikoihé) - fear, fearful, as the fear of some unseen danger, misgiving, a feeling of doubt; insecure, to feel insecure, to dread an unseen or uncertain danger, to be apprehensive

► aⁿ (ą), oⁿ (ǫ) - we dual, we; I, me, for me, to me, from me

► Dhegiha: aⁿ (ą) - 1^st person dual or pl. agent pronominal (‘we’, subject); this is the prefix before consonants, it contracts with verb-initial i to form ąną [CQ-Osage]; aⁿ-k (ąk) - 1^st person dual or pl. agent pronominal (‘we’, subject of regular or syncopating verbs), (before a, ą, o, ǫ), ą (elsewhere) [CQ-Osage]; aⁿ[g] (aⁿ[g]) - the pronoun “we” in all conjugations except <S> The ‘g’ is in parentheses because it only is used if the letter following the pronoun particle is a vowel. When the following letter is a consonant, the ‘g’ does not occur [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: aⁿ (ą) - 1^st person sg. patient pronominal, used as object of verbs (me, for me, to me, from me, etc.); 1^st person sg. patient pronominal prefix, used as subject of stative verbs (I) [CQ-Osage]; aⁿ (aⁿ) - the pronoun “I” in <S> conjugations [Kaw]

► a-we (-awe), we (-we) - pluralizer for verbs and noun phrases

► a-wi (-awi), wi (-wi), i (-i) - pluralizer in relative clauses

► Dhegiha: Kansa uses be (-be) or bi (-bi), and the Osage, pe (-pe) or pi (-pi), as a plural ending, where the Omaha and Ponka employ i (-i) [JOD-Omaha]; a-pi (-api), pi (-pi), a-pe (-ape), pe (-pe) - pluralizer of 1^st or 2^nd persons (‘we, ‘us’, ‘you’); pluralizer of imperative; pluralizer of 3^rd person; noncontinuative marker for 3^rd person (sg. or pl.); marker of predicative noun-plus-adjective phrases [CQ-Osage]; be (-be) - plural marker; 3rd singular non-continuative marker; completed action (usually translated into English as past tense) [Kaw]; bi (-bi) - plural and 3rd singular marker used after í [Kaw]

► wa (wa) - things, stuff; people, folks, they, them, plural object marker; the pronoun ‘we’; a syllable used in different ways: a fragment pr. denoting the pl. an. ob. of verbs; a sign of the sub. of an action

► Dhegiha: wa (wa) - a syllable used in different ways: them; a fragment pr. denoting the pl. an. ob., them of verbs in ba, bi, ¢a, ¢i, ga, ma, mu, na and naⁿ; a fragment pr. denoting the pl. an. ob. of verbs in a, as, wábaaze of ábaaze; a sign of the sub. of an action, as wat’e¢ĕ, a slayer or murder, from t’e¢ĕ, to kill [JOD-Omaha]; wa …api (wa…api), wa (wa) - 1^st person pl. patient pronominal (we, subject of stative verbs; us object of active verbs [CQ-Osage]; wa (wa) - things, stuff; people folks; 3^rd person pl. patient pronominal (they, subject of staive verb; them, object of active verbs; agrees with pl. object noun [CQ-Osage]; wa (wa) - the pronoun “we” in <S> conjugations [Kaw]; wa (wa) - “them”: plural object marker [Kaw]

we, rather than others

► aⁿ-ko-we-taⁿ (ąkówettą), oⁿ-ko-we-taⁿ (ǫkówettą) - we, rather than others

► cf. wi-e-taⁿ (wíettą) - I, if it were I; di-e-taⁿ (díettą) - if it were you; had it been you; e-tʰaⁿ (etʰą́), e-taⁿ (ettą́) - that standing; assertion, final; he was that; he rather (than any one else), he, to the exclusion of others, that one

► Dhegiha: e-daⁿ (é-daⁿ) - he rather (than anyone else), he to exclusion of others; wi-e-doⁿ (wíedoⁿ) - I, to the exclusion of others; I instead of others or another, I rather (than another); thi-e-doⁿ (thíedoⁿ) - you rather (than any one else) [Omaha/Ponca]

we, us

► aⁿ-ko-we (ąkówe), oⁿ-ko-we (ǫkówe) - we

► aⁿ-ko-we (ąkówe), oⁿ-ko-we (ǫkówe) - we [OM]

► oⁿ-ko-we (uⁿkúwe) - we [ASG]

► cf. wi-e (wíe) - I, me; di-e (díe) - you; di-a-we (díawe) - you’all, ye; e (e) - that, he, she, it, aforementioned

► ex: aⁿ-ko-we aⁿ-ko-tʰiⁿ aⁿ-niⁿ-kʰe (ąkówe ąkótʰį ąnįkʰé) - you and I are striking him now with closed hand

► ex: si-o-ti aⁿ-ko-we aⁿ-ko-tʰiⁿ (siótti ąkówe ąkótʰį) - you and I struck him yesterday with closed hand

► ex: ka-sa-ni aⁿ-ko-we aⁿ-ko-tʰiⁿ taⁿ-ka-tʰaⁿ (kasáni ąkówe ąkótʰį ttąkatʰą́) - you and I will strike him tomorrow with closed hand

► ex: aⁿ-ko-we e-naⁿ-pa aⁿ-ko-tʰiⁿ si-o-ti (ąkówe énąpa ąkótʰį siótti) - he and I struck him yesterday with closed hand

► ex: aⁿ-ko-we e-naⁿ-pa ka-sa-ni aⁿ-ko-tʰiⁿ taⁿ-ka-tʰaⁿ (ąkówe énąpa kasáni ąkótʰį ttąkatʰą́) - he and I will strike him tomorrow with closed hand

► ex: aⁿ-ko-we e-aⁿ-wa-naⁿ aⁿ-ka-tʰaⁿ (ąkówe eą́waną́ ąkatʰą́) - we are saying it

► ex: aⁿ-ko-we za-ni-hi aⁿ-di-hoⁿ-zhi-we (ąkówe zaníhi ądíhǫžiwe) - we let all (of them) go, we abandon all

► ex: aⁿ-ko-we oⁿ-taⁿ-taⁿ-da aⁿ-ki-shte aⁿ-ka-tʰaⁿ (ąkówe ǫttą́ttądá ą́kíšte ąkátʰą) - we are ashamed because we did it

► ex: oⁿ-ko-we-hoⁿ (ǫkowehǫ́), aⁿ-ko-we-hoⁿ (ąkowehǫ́) - we too, us too

► ex: aⁿ-ko-we-zha (ąkóweža), oⁿ-ko-we-zha (ǫkóweža) - we (contrastive), “we, on the one hand”

► Dhegiha: oⁿ-gu (óⁿgu) - we; us [Omaha/Ponca]; oⁿ-gu (oⁿku) - we [Omaha]; oⁿ-gu-e (oⁿ-gú-e) - we [FL-Osage]; aⁿ-ko (ąkó), aⁿ-ko-e (ąkóe), aⁿ-ko-ta (ąkóta) - we, us [CQ-Osage]; aⁿ-ge (aⁿgé) - we, us [Kaw]

weak, feeble

► ko-ka-zhi (kkokkáži) - weak, feeble ► aⁿ-ko-ka-zhi (ą́kkokkáži) - I’m, di-ko-ka-zhi (díkkokkáži) - you’re, ko-ka-zhi (kkokkáži) - he/she

► cf. ko-ke (kkókke) - health, strength; ko-ke (kkokké) - be physically healthy; zhi (ži), a-zhi (aži) - negative, not, negation; ki-ko-ke (kikkókke) - recover, get well

weak, make cry in weak voice

► di-xda-xda-zhe (dixdáxdaže) - make cry in weak voice ► bdi-xda-xda-zhe (bdíxdaxdaže) - I, ti-xda-xda-zhe (ttíxdaxdaže) - you, di-xda-xda-zhe (dixdáxdaže) - he/she

► Dhegiha: thi-xtha-xtha-zhe (thiqtháqthazhe) - to make cry out repeatedly with a quavering voice, by holding, pinching, or pulling; to make grunt, as a buffalo calf, by catching it [Omaha/Ponca]

► Dhegiha: xtha-xtha-zhe (qthaqtházhe) - to scream out often, like a young animal calling it’s mother [Omaha/Ponca]

► Dhegiha: xtha-zhe (qthazhé) - to scream out, like a young animal calling it’s mother [Omaha/Ponca]

weaken an animal or infant

► di-t’e-ka (ditʔéka) - weaken an animal or infant ► bdi-t’e-ka (bdítʔeka) - I, ti-t’e-ka (ttítʔeka) - you, di-t’e-ka (ditʔéka) - he/she

► cf. di-t’e-ka (ditʔékka) - injure, hurt someone; naⁿ-t’e-ka (nątʔéka) - injure by kicking or trampling

wealthy

► ma-ze-ska o-she a-niⁿ niⁿ (mazéska óše anį́ nį) - rich people (they have a lot of money) [MS]

► cf. ma-ze-ska (mazéska) - silver, money; o-she (óše) - plentiful, plenty, a lot; a-niⁿ (anį́) - have, keep; niⁿ (nį) - continuative aux. moving

► Dhegiha: moⁿ-ze ska (moⁿçeçka) - money, silver, currency [Omaha]; maⁿ-ze ska (máⁿzĕskă) - money [JOD-Omaha]; moⁿ-ze ska (móⁿ-çe-çka) - white metal, money [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-ze ska(mą́zeska) - money, coin, silver, literally white metal [CQ-Osage]; maⁿ-ze ska (máⁿzeska) - money, esp. silver money [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: u-she (ú-she) - plenty, plentiful [FL-Osage]; o-she (óše) - exist plentifully, lots, abundance, plenty, profusion of something [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: a-thiⁿ (áthiⁿ) - have, keep [Omaha]; a-thiⁿ (a-thíⁿ) - to have [FL-Osage]; a-thiⁿ (aðį́) - have, own, possess [CQ-Osage]; a-yiⁿ (ayíⁿ) - have, keep, get, hold [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: thiⁿ (thiⁿ) - the moving [JOD-Omaha]; thiⁿ (thiⁿ) - a man or animal moving about [FL-Osage]; yi (yi) - continuative, moving/animate [Kaw]

► wa-she (wašé) - rich, be rich ► aⁿ-wa-she (ąwáše) - I, di-wa-she (diwáše) - you, wa-she (wašé) - he/she, wa-wa-sha-we (wawášawe) - we

► cf. ka-wa-she (kawáše) - make in abundance; o-she (óše) - plentiful, plenty, a lot; o-she-xti (óšexti) - full; ma-ze-ska o-she a-niⁿ niⁿ (mazéska óše anį́ nį) - rich people (they have a lot of money) [MS]

► Dhegiha: wa-she (wacĕ́) - rich [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: u-she (ú-she) - plenty, plentiful [FL-Osage]; o-she (óše) - exist plentifully, lots, abundance, plenty, profusion of something [CQ-Osage]

► wa-she-xti (wašéxti) - very rich

► cf. wa-she (wašé) - rich, be rich; xti (xti) - very, real, fully; exceedingly; intensifier suffix

► ex: ko-i-shoⁿ wa-she-xti zho-ki-kde ti-kde ke naⁿ, i-ya (kóišǫ́ wašé-xti žókikde ttíkde ké ną, iyá) - and then they lived very prosperously together, it is said [JOD-Rabbit and Grizzly]

► Dhegiha: wa-she-xti (wacĕ́-qti) - very rich [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: wa-she (wacĕ́) - rich [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: u-she (ú-she) - plenty, plentiful [FL-Osage]; o-she (óše) - exist plentifully, lots, abundance, plenty, profusion of something [CQ-Osage]

weapon, sharp object

► wa-po-i (wapói) - sharp object; a weapon

► cf. po-i (ppoí), po-hiⁿ (ppohį́) - sharp

► Dhegiha: wa-ʰpa-hi (wa-pá-hi) - sharp weapons, like spears and arrows [FL-Osage]; wa-pa-hi (wapáhi) - weapon [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: pa-i (paí) - sharp [Omaha/Ponca]; pa-i (pai) - sharp [Omaha]; ʰpa-hi (p̣a-hí) - pointed, sharp [FL-Osage]; ʰpa-hiⁿ (ʰpaahį́), ʰpa-hi (ʰpáahi) - sharp [CQ-Osage]; pa-hi (páhi) - be sharp [Kaw]

wear a breech cloth or diaper

► iⁿ-ti-knaⁿ (įttíkną), i-ti-knaⁿ (ittíkną́) - breech cloth, diaper; to wear a breech cloth or diaper ► i-ti-a-knaⁿ (ittíakną́) - I, i-ti-da-knaⁿ (ittídakną́) - you, i-ti-knaⁿ (ittíkną́) - he/she, i-ti-aⁿ-knaⁿ-we (ittíąkną́we) - we

► iⁿ-ti-knaⁿ (įttíkną) - diaper [MS]

► iⁿ-ti-knaⁿ (uⁿtsi ga noⁿ) - breechcloth, from John Quapaw [MH]

► ex: i-ti-a-knaⁿ (ittíakną́) - I wear a breechcloth

► ex: i-ti-a-knaⁿ-zhi (ittíakną́ži) - I do not wear a breechcloth

► ex: i-ti-da-knaⁿ a-e (ittídakną́ ae) - do you wear a breech cloth

► ex: i-ti-aⁿ-knaⁿ-we (ittíąkną́we) - we wear a breechcloth

► ex: i-ti-knaⁿ naⁿ-hi (ittíkną ną́hi) - breechcloth/only [JOD-Stafford Rem. 1]

► ex: i-ti-knaⁿ pa (ittíkną ppá) - wore breechcloth/3d. pl. (classifier) [JOD-Stafford Rem. 1]

► ex: e-ti ni-ka naⁿ-haⁿ ke i-ti-knaⁿ naⁿ-hi i-ti-knaⁿ pa naⁿ (étti níkka nąhą́ ke ittíkną ną́hi ittíkną ppá ną) - there (back then), the grown men wore only breechcloth [JOD-Stafford Rem. 1]

► ex: i-ti-knaⁿ naⁿ-hi i-ti-knaⁿ pa (ittíkną ną́hi ittíkną ppá) - breechcloth/only/wore breechcloth/3d. pl. (classifier) [JOD-Stafford Rem. 1]

► ex: i-ti-knaⁿ naⁿ-hi i-ti-knaⁿ pa naⁿ ni-ka naⁿ-haⁿ ke, do-ka-ni hi pa naⁿ (ittíkną ną́hi ittíkną ppá ną níkka nąhą́ ke, dokkáni hi ppá ną) - the grown men wore only breechcloth, they were naked from the waist up (they wore no shirts) [JOD-Stafford Rem. 1]

► Dhegiha: zhe-a-di-gthoⁿ (zheádigthoⁿ) - breechcloth [Omaha/Ponca]; zhe-a-ti-gthoⁿ (zhéatigthoⁿ) - breechcloth, diaper [Omaha]

wear a dress, dressed as a female

► tʰe (tʰe) - wear a dress, dressed as a female ► a-tʰe (atʰé) - I, da-tʰe (datʰe) - you, tʰe (tʰe) - he/she, aⁿ-tʰa-we (ątʰáwe) - we

► cf. wa-tʰe (watʰé) - dress, skirt, long skirt, gown

► ex: wa-tʰe a-tʰe (watʰe atʰé) - I wear a dress

► ex: wa-tʰe da-tʰe a-e (watʰe datʰe ae) - are you wearing a dress?

► ex: wa-tʰe tʰe pa (watʰé tʰe ppá) - they wore dresses

► ex: koⁿ-iⁿ tʰe ki-de (kǫ́į tʰé kki-dé) - so/dressed as a female/when/she went (or she caused herself) [JOD-Cinderella]

► ex: mi-zhi-ka ho-taⁿ a-ta-pa-xti koⁿ-iⁿ tʰe ki-de (mižiká hóttą áttappáxti kǫ́į tʰé kki-dé) - she made herself into the prettiest of young girls (by putting on all of the things that came from the box) [JOD-Cinderella]

► Dhegiha: te (te) - to wear …. they (women) wear them [Omaha]; e te (e té) - she wears it [Omaha]

► Dhegiha: wa-te (waté) - noun of te; an Indian woman’s skirt; woman’s dress [Omaha]; wa-tse (wa-tsé) - skirt, dress [FL-Osage]; wa-tsʰe (wáacʰe) - skirt with ribbon work or other decorations [CQ-Osage]; wa-che (waché) - dress, woman's skirt [Kaw]

wear around the head

► i-pe-da (íppeda) - wear around the head ► i-da-pe-bda (idáppebdá) - I, i-da-shpe-ta (ídašpettá) - you, i-pe-da (íppeda) - he/she, aⁿ-naⁿ-pe-da (ąną́ppeda) - we, I and one other

► cf. wa-pe-da (wappéda) - wear around the head

► ex: wa-pe-da i-da-pe-bda a-ni-he (wappéda idáppebdá anihé) - I wear a handkerchief around my head

► ex: wa-pe-da i-da-shpe-ta ni-she (wappéda ídašpettá nišé) - you wear a handkerchief around your head

► ex: wa-pe-da i-pe-da niⁿ (wappéda íppeda nį) - he wears a handkerchief around his head

► ex: wa-pe-da aⁿ-naⁿ-pe-da aⁿ-ka-niⁿ (wappéda ąną́ppeda ą́kanį) - we wear a handkerchief around our head

► wa-pe-da (wappéda) - wear around the head ► a-wa-pe-bda (awappébda) - I, wa-pe-ta (wappettá) - you, wa-pe-da (wappéda) - he/she, aⁿ-wa-pe-da (ąwáppeda) - we, I and one other, wa-pe-da-i (wappéda-i) - they

► wa-pe-da (wappéda) - shawl [MS, OM]

► cf. i-pe-da (íppeda) - wear around the head

► ex: wa-pe-da zhi-ka (wappéda žíka) - scarf, handkerchief

► ex: wa-pe-da taⁿ-ka (wappéda ttą́ka) - shawl

► ex: wi-e-hoⁿ a-wa-pe-da a-ni-he (wiehǫ́ awappébda anihé) - I too am wearing around my head

► ex: di-e-hoⁿ wa-pe-ta ni-she (díehǫ́ wappettá nišé) - you are also wearing around your head

► ex: wa-pe-da wa-pe-da niⁿ (wappéda wappéda nį) - he wears a handkerchief around his head

► ex: wa-pe-da aⁿ-wa-pe-da aⁿ-ka-niⁿ (wappéda ąwáppeda ą́kanį) - we put handkerchiefs (or silver hatbands) around our head

► ex: wa-pe-da-i (wappéda-i) - they put around the heads [JOD-Stafford Rem. 1]

► ex: ni-ka iⁿ-tʰoⁿ-na ke wa-pe-da-i naⁿ wa-kde sa i-niⁿ-ha a-kde pa naⁿ (níkka įtʰǫ́na ke wappéda-i ną́ wákde sá inįhá ákde ppa ną́) - the men and the unmarried boys wore headbands with black feather(s) set upright on their heads [JOD-Stafford Rem. 1]

► ex: wa-pe-da i-niⁿ-ha (wappéda inįhá) - shawl/too [JOD-Cinderella]

► ex: mi-zhi-ka tʰaⁿ i-ka-pʰe a-ba-xda-te wa-pe-da i-niⁿ-ha hoⁿ-pe i-niⁿ-ha maⁿ-ze-ska naⁿ-hi a-ki-kda-niⁿ aⁿ-tʰaⁿ de (mižiká tʰą íkapʰe ábaxdátte wappéda inįhá hǫpé inįhá mązéska nąhí ákkikdánį ą́tʰą dé) - when the girl left (for the dance), she had on a hair comb and shawl, she also had on shoes made entirely of silver [JOD-Cinderella]

wear around the neck

► naⁿ-’iⁿ (nąʔį́) - wear around the neck ► a-naⁿ-’iⁿ (aną́ʔį) - I, da-naⁿ-’iⁿ (daną́ʔį) - you, naⁿ-’iⁿ (nąʔį́) - he/she

► cf. wa-naⁿ-’iⁿ (waną́ʔį) - necklace, necktie, neckerchief; wa-naⁿ-’iⁿ (waną́ʔį) - beads

► Dhegiha: naⁿ-p’iⁿ (náⁿp’iⁿ) - to wear on the neck [JOD-Omaha]; noⁿ-ʰp’iⁿ (nóⁿ-p̣’iⁿ) - to wear around the neck, as a necklace [FL-Osage]; noⁿ-p’iⁿ (nǫpʔį) - wear around the neck [CQ-Osage]

► wa-naⁿ-’iⁿ (waną́ʔį) - “something worn around the neck”

► wa-naⁿ-’iⁿ (waną́ʔį) - necklace, necktie, neckerchief

► wa-naⁿ-’iⁿ (waną́ʔį) - beads

► cf. wa (wa) - things, stuff, people, folks, they, them; naⁿ-’iⁿ (nąʔį́) - wear around the neck

► ex: wa-naⁿ-’iⁿ a-ba-tʰe (waną́ʔį abátʰe) - necklace made of beadwork that is sewed on

► ex: wa-naⁿ-’iⁿ si zhi-ka (waną́ʔį sí žiká) - small beads

► ex: ma-ze-ska ka-sta wa-naⁿ-’iⁿ (mazéska kásta waną́ʔį) - silver breast ornament (gorget)

► ex: to-te wa-na-’iⁿ (tótte waną́ʔį) - necklace

► ex: maⁿ-tʰo sha-ke to-te wa-na-’iⁿ (mątʰó šáke tótte waną́ʔį) - grizzly bear claw necklace

► ex: wa-zhiⁿ-ka pa-si to-te wa-naⁿ-’iⁿ (wažį́ka ppási tótte waną́ʔį) - bird’s beak necklace

► ex: wa-zhiⁿ-ka sha-ke to-te wa-naⁿ-’iⁿ (wažį́ka šáke tótte waną́ʔį) - birds’ claw necklace

► Dhegiha: wa-noⁿ-p’iⁿ (wanóⁿp’iⁿ) - any thing worn on the neck by a man; a man's necklace [Omaha/Ponca]; wa-noⁿ-p’iⁿ (wanoⁿp’iⁿ) - choker, necklace, necktie [Omaha]; wa-noⁿ-ʰp’iⁿ (wa-noⁿ-p̣’iⁿ) - necklace, these were made of shells, nuts of trees, elk teeth, pendants were made of mussel shells also, this is also applied to the symbolic neck ornament, gorget [FL-Osage]; wa-noⁿ-p’iⁿ (wanǫ́pʔį) - necklace, gorget, choker, medallion, medal, something worn around the neck [CQ-Osage]; wa-naⁿ-p’iⁿ (wanáⁿp’iⁿ) - necklace, a general word used for all ornaments [Kaw]

wear away, wear down, wear out

► ba-to-ke (battóke) - wear away, wear out ► pa-to-ke (ppáttoke) - I, shpa-to-ke (špáttoke) - you, ba-to-ke (battóke) - he/she

► cf. ba (ba) - by pushing

► ex: he ba-to-ke, di-e i-k’i-ta! (hé-battóke, dié íkʔittá!) - blunt horns, you try it! [JOD-Coyote and Buffalo]

► bi-to-ke (bittóke) - wear away by rubbing or file ► pi-to-ke (ppíttoke) - I, shpi-to-ke (špíttoke) - you, bi-to-ke (bittóke) - he/she

► cf. bi (bi) - by pressing, rubbing

► da-to-ke (dattóke) - dull, wear the teeth, blunt ► bda-to-ke (bdáttoke) - I, ta-to-ke (ttáttoke) - you, da-to-ke (dattóke) - he/she

► cf. da (da) - by mouth

► di-to-ke (dittóke) - dull, blunt a tool ► bdi-to-ke (bdíttoke) - I, ti-to-ke (ttíttoke) - you

► cf. di (di) - by hand, pulling, cause or make to

► ka-to-ke (kattóke) - wear down by striking, to dull ► a-to-ke (áttoke) - I, da-to-ke (dáttoke) - you, ka-to-ke (kattóke) - he/she

► cf. ka (ka) - by striking, by sudden application of force, by impact, by falling; by action of wind or water

► naⁿ-to-ke (nąttóke) - wear down by walking, as shoes ► a-naⁿ-to-ke (aną́ttoke) - I, da-naⁿ-to-ke (daną́ttoke) - you, naⁿ-to-ke (nąttóke) - he/she

► cf. naⁿ (ną) - by action of the foot

► pa-to-ke (páttoke) - wear away a knife blade ► pa-a-to-ke (páattoke) - I, pa-da-to-ke (pádattoke) - you, pa-to-ke (páttoke) - he/she, pa-aⁿ-to-ke (páąttoke) - we, I and one other

► cf. pa (pá) - by cutting with a knife

► po-to-ke (póttoke) - dull by punching, as a spear ► po-a-to-ke (póattoke) - I, po-da-to-ke (pódattoke) - you

► cf. po (po) - by shooting, blowing, punching

wear in belt

► mi-knaⁿ (míkną) - put inside, tuck in, stick in ► mi-a-knaⁿ (miákną) - I, mi-da-knaⁿ (mídakną) - you, mi-knaⁿ (míkną) - he/she

► cf. knaⁿ (kną) - set, put

► Dhegiha: mi-gthaⁿ (mí-g¢aⁿ) - to put a knife or stick under the belt; to put a knife in its sheath under the belt, to put a lariat, etc., under the belt [JOD-Omaha]; ʰka-xe mi-gthoⁿ (ḳá-xe mi-gthoⁿ) - crow belt [FL-Osage]

► mi-ki-knaⁿ (mikikną́) - put one’s own in one’s own belt ► mi-a-ki-knaⁿ (miákikną́), me-a-ki-knaⁿ (meákikną́) - I, mi-da-ki-knaⁿ (midákikną́) - you, mi-ki-knaⁿ (mikikną́) - he/she

► cf. mi-knaⁿ (míkną) - put inside, tuck in, stick in

► ex: mi-ki-knaⁿ (mikikną́) - he puts his own part in his belt [JOD-Red Hair]

► ex: haⁿ-ka e-zhiⁿ-ke ni-zhi-ha zhi-te mi-ki-knaⁿ a-taⁿ o-zha taⁿ ni-ka-shi-ka toⁿ-we koⁿ-da i-ye tʰaⁿ e-da-o (hą́ka ežį́ke nižíha žítte mikikną́ attą́ óža tą níkkašíka tǫ́we kǫdá iyé tʰą edao) - haⁿ-ka’s son says he wants the people to watch him dance with red hair in his belt, e-da-o [JOD-Red Hair]

► ex: me-a-ki-knaⁿ (meákikną́) - I put my own part in my belt [JOD-Red Hair]

► ex: i-tʰi-kʰi i-ki-pʰe de taⁿ ni-ka-shi-ka za-ni hi tʰi taⁿ aⁿ-toⁿ-wa-i taⁿ ni-zhi-ha zhi-te me-a-ki-knaⁿ a-taⁿ o-a-zha taⁿ aⁿ-toⁿ-we koⁿ-bda iⁿ (itʰíkʰi íkipʰe dé tą níkkašíka zaní hi tʰí tą ątǫ́wai tą nižíha žítte meákikną́ attą́ óažá tą ątǫ́we kkǫ́bda į) - I want the crier to go invite every single person to come and watch me, watch me when I put red hair in my belt and I dance [JOD-Red Hair]

► ex: me-a-ki-knaⁿ a-taⁿ (meákikną́ attą́) - I put my own part in my belt/and [JOD-Red Hair]

► ex: hoⁿ-zhi iⁿ, ni-zhi-ha zhi-te me-a-ki-knaⁿ a-taⁿ o-a-zha koⁿ-bda iⁿ (hǫží į, nižíha žítte meákikną́ attą́ óažá kkǫbdá į) - no, I want to put red hair in my belt and dance [JOD-Red Hair]

► Dhegiha: mi-gi-gthoⁿ (mígigthoⁿ) - to put his knife, coiled lariat, stick, etc., in under the belt [Omaha/Ponca]

► mi-zhi (míži) - put plural objects under belt, tuck in ► mi-a-zhi (miáži) - I, mi-da-zhi (mídaži) - you, mi-zhi (míži) - he/she

► cf. -zhi (-ží) - put, set, fill, place

► Dhegiha: mi-zhi (mí-ji) - to put a number of small things, not his, in his belt [JOD-Omaha]

► siⁿ-te a-kde (sį́tte ákde) - to wear a tail in the belt, ballplayers evidently did this ► siⁿ-te a-a-kde (sį́tte áakde) - I, siⁿ-te a-da-kde (sį́tte ádakde) - you, siⁿ-te a-kde (sį́tte ákde) - he/she

► cf. siⁿ-te (sį́tté) - tail; a-kde (akdé) - put; set a standing, perpendicular object upright upon a surface or within something which supports it, as in pitching a tent, placing a candle on a table, etc.

► Dhegiha: siⁿ-de a-gthe (síⁿde ágthe) - tails upright, “tails placed upright on”, those who wear tails or locks of hair on their heads, name of Ponca subgens [Omaha/Ponca]; siⁿ-dse a-gthe (çíⁿ-dse a-gthe) - to wear on the head as an ornament: wearers of the symbolic locks [FL-Osage]; siⁿ-je a-le (síⁿje ale) - tails, those with locks of hair [Kaw]

wear on the head

► o-kdaⁿ-ke (ókdąke), o-knaⁿ-ke (okną́ke) - hat or cap

► cf. o-knaⁿ (okną́), o-kdaⁿ (okdą́) - put singular/sitting or cloth, paper into; put singular/sitting/inanimate

► ex: xi-da o-knaⁿ-ke (xidá okną́ke) - headdress made of eagle skins

► ex: te-hiⁿ o-kdaⁿ-ke (ttehį́ ókdąke) - headdress made of buffalo hair; a yarn headdress worn as a turban

► Dhegiha: u-gthoⁿ-ge (u-gthoⁿ-ge) - hat [FL-Osage]; o-laⁿ-ke (oolą́ke) - wear on the head, put on the head, don as a hat [CQ-Osage]; o-laⁿ-ke (óoląke) - hat, head cover, item worn on the head [CQ-Osage]; o-laⁿ-ge (ólaⁿge) - hat, cap [Kaw]

wear out handling

► ka-ni-ke ka-xe (kaníke káγe) - wear out handling

► cf. ka (ka) - by striking, by sudden application of force, by impact, by falling; by action of wind or water; ni-ke (niké), niⁿ-ke (nįké) - to have none, be lacking, destitute, without; ka-xe (káγe) - make, do cause

► Dhegiha: ga-thiⁿ-ge (gathíⁿge) - to cause to spill, as a bucket, by hitting it with a stick, stone, ax, etc.; to make a bucket spill its contents by hitting it against anything; to beat or blow an object to pieces; to cut down all the trees of a grove; to clear away the land [Omaha/Ponca]; ga-yiⁿ-ge (gayíⁿge) - wear out by striking, as an ax [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: thiⁿ-ge (thiⁿgé) - lack, to lack, to not have, there is none [Omaha/Ponca]; thiⁿ-ge (thíⁿ-ge) - to have none, nothing [FL-Osage]; thiⁿ-ke (ðįįké), iⁿ-ke (įįké) - lack a thing, be devoid of, be lacking, not have something any longer, have nothing [CQ-Osage]; thiⁿ-ke (ðįké), iⁿ-ke (įké) - be none, be gone, absent, extinct, nonexistent, lacking, pass away, vanish, not, not at all [CQ-Osage]; yiⁿ-ge (yíⁿgé) - lack, none, be none, be without [Kaw]

wear upright

► a-kde (akdé) - put; set a standing or perpendicular object upright upon a surface or within something which supports it, as in pitching a tent, placing a candle on a table, etc.; used for placing a perpendicular object such as a feather in the hair or a lamp on a table ► a-a-kde (áakdé) - I, a-da-kde (ádakdé) - you, oⁿ-ka-kda-we (ǫkákdawe) - we

► cf. o-kde (okdé) - put lengthwise, to stand

► ex: ma-shoⁿ a-a-kde (mášǫ áakde) - I stick a feather upright (in my hair)

► ex: siⁿ-te a-kde (sį́tte ákde) - to wear a tail in the belt, ballplayers evidently did this

► ex: wa-kde sa i-niⁿ-ha a-kde pa (wákde sá ákde ppa) - feather/black/wore on the head/3d. pl. (classifier) [JOD-Stafford Rem. 1]

► ex: a-shi a-kde (aši akde) - to set an object on top of something else

► Dhegiha: a-gthe (ág¢e) - to stick an upright object or feather in something; place upright on [JOD-Omaha]; a-gthe (á-gthe) - to wear on the head as an ornament; to place on top of another in an upright position [FL-Osage]; a-le (ále), a-dle (ádle) - place an item upright on another item, set on [CQ-Osage]; a-le (ále) - stand a perpendicular object, such as a candlestick, on a surface [Kaw]

wear, become gray from use or wear

► i-ka-xo-te (íkaxótte) - become gray from use or wear

► cf. i (í) by means of, with which to; ka (ka) - by striking, by sudden application of force, by impact, by falling; by action of wind or water; xo-te (xótte) - gray

► Dhegiha: xu-de (qúde) - gray, brown [Omaha/Ponca]; xu-de (xúde) - gray [Omaha]; xo-de (xó-de) - drab, a grayish color [FL-Osage]; xo-dse (xó-dse) - gray, a gray line [FL-Osage]; xo-tse (xóce) - gray, dull, color or finish, faded, grayish like ashes, smoky [CQ-Osage]; xo-je (xóje) - grey, light blue [Kaw]

wear, feather worn on the head

► wa-kde (wakdé) - feather on the head

► wa-kde (wakdé) - feather on the head [MS]

► cf. a-kde (akdé) - put; set a standing or perpendicular object upright upon a surface or within something which supports it, as in pitching a tent, placing a candle on a table, etc.; used for placing a perpendicular object such as a feather in the hair or a lamp on a table

► ex: wa-kde sa i-niⁿ-ha a-kde pa (wákde sá ákde ppa) - feather/black/wore on the head/3d. pl. (classifier) [JOD-Stafford Rem. 1]

► Dhegiha: wa-gthe (wa-gthe) - a plume, a symbolic plume made of a downy feather of an eagle [FL-Osage]; wa-gthe-ʰtoⁿ e-goⁿ (wa-gthe-ṭoⁿ e-goⁿ) - a plumelike shaft [FL-Osage]; ska-gthe wa-gthe (çká-gthe wa-gthe) - ornamental plume [FL-Osage]; moⁿ-shoⁿ wa-gthe (móⁿ-shoⁿ wa-gthe) - ornamental or symbolic plume worn on top of the head [FL-Osage]

wear, put into

► o-knaⁿ (okną́), o-kdaⁿ (okdą́) - put singular/sitting or cloth, paper into; put singular/sitting/inanimate or cloth into ► o-a-knaⁿ (oákną) - I, o-da-knaⁿ (odákną) - you, o-knaⁿ (okną́) - he/she, aⁿ-ko-o-knaⁿ-we (ąkóknąwe), oⁿ-ko-o-knaⁿ-we (ǫkóknąwe) - we

► cf. a-knaⁿ (ákną), a-kdaⁿ (ákdą) - put a singular, sitting, inanimate (curvilinear--JOD) or cloth, paper, plaster, etc. object upon a surface

► ex: pa-hi o-kdaⁿ (ppáhi ókdą), pa-hi o-knaⁿ (ppáhi ókną), pa-ho-knaⁿ (ppahókną) - hat, cap, head covering, headdress “head is put inside”

► ex: pa-ho-knaⁿ o-a-knaⁿ a-ni-he (ppahókną oákną anihé) - I am wearing a hat

► ex: iⁿ-te o-kdaⁿ (į́tte ókdą) - mask, lit. “put the face in it”

► ex: i-shta wa-sk[a] o-knaⁿ (ištá wask[a]ókną) - glasses, eyeglasses [MS]

► Dhegiha: u-gthoⁿ (ugthóⁿ) - to put a cv. in. ob., etc., into a barrel or cv. box; to put a book, paper, piece of cloth, etc., into the pocket [JOD-Omaha]; u-gthoⁿ (u-gthoⁿ) - to put in, putting in, a place of deposit, to inclose, in which to put, to thrust in, to put a stake in a pile when gambling [FL-Osage]; o-laⁿ (oolą́) - put into, place inside of, pour round items into, add items to cooking, pour liquid into [CQ-Osage]; o-laⁿ (oláⁿ) - put a sitting/inanimate object into something, to put a curvilinear (wide rather than tall) object such as paper, a book, a bandage, cloth, etc. within a receptacle [Kaw]

wear, put on a belt or girdle

► i-pi-da (íppida) - put on a belt or girdle ► i-da-pi-bda (idáppibdá) - I, i-da-pi-ta (ídappítta) - you, i-pi-da (íppida) - he/she

► cf. i-pi-da-taⁿ (íppidáttą) - belt, girdle; sash; i-pi-da-taⁿ-ti (íppidáttą-ttí), i-pi-da-taⁿ e-ti (íppidáttą étti) - to or in belt

► Dhegiha: i-pʰi-tha (ípʰitha) - to put on a belt or girdle [Omaha]; i-pi-tha (í-p̣i-tha) - belt, sash, girdle [FL-Osage]; í-ʰpi-a (íʰpia), í-ʰpi-e (íʰpie), i-ʰpi-aⁿ (íʰpią) - belt worn by men with dance clothes or outside a blanket to hold it up, any belt [CQ-Osage]; i-pi-ya (ípiya) - belt, girdle [Kaw]

wear, put on clothing

► i-da-ki-kda-niⁿ (idákikdanį) - to put on one’s own

► ex: we-da-niⁿ shi-ke h[i] e-naⁿ i-da-ki-kda-niⁿ a-taⁿ (wédanį šíke h[i] éną idákikdanį áttą) - clothing/bad/very/only that/she had put on her own/and [JOD-Cinderella]

► ex: ko-i-shoⁿ-taⁿ e-taⁿ-niⁿ kda-i ke [e-]ni-te ka-ki niⁿ e-taⁿ-niⁿ kʰi a-taⁿ we-da-niⁿ shi-ke h[i] e-naⁿ i-da-ki-kda-niⁿ a-taⁿ koⁿ tʰaⁿ taⁿ kʰi-we (kóišǫ́ttą ettą́nį kdá-i ke [e]nitté kaki nį ettą́nį kʰí áttą wédanį šíke h[i] éną idákikdanį áttą kǫ-tʰą́ tą kʰíwe) - then, even though they (the old woman and her daughters) had started home first, she (the orphan) arrived home before them and put her bad clothes on, she had been there awhile when they (the old woman and her daughters) arrived back home [JOD-Cinderella]

► ex: ta-taⁿ i-da-ki-ki-kda-niⁿ a-taⁿ da ni-he (táttą idákikkikdánį áttą dá-nihé) - what/you put on your own clothing/and/go thou [JOD-Cinderella]

► ex: ko-i-sho-taⁿ e-da-te, ta-taⁿ i-da-ki-ki-kda-niⁿ a-taⁿ da ni-he, i-ke niⁿ i-ya[-we] (kóišǫ́ttą edátte, táttą idákikkikdánį áttą dá-nihé, iké nį iyá[we]) - then, her father said to her, put something on of your own and go! it is said (they say) [JOD-Cinderella]

► ex: za-ni wi-aⁿ-da-ki-kda-niⁿ-we (zaní wią́dakkikdánįwe) - we were all dressed

► i-kniⁿ (iknį) - put on one’s own clothing ► i-da-a-kniⁿ (idáaknį) - I, i-da-da-kniⁿ (idádaknį) - you, i-kniⁿ (iknį) - he/she, aⁿ-naⁿ-kniⁿ-we (ąną́knįwe) - we

► cf. i-niⁿ (inį́) - put on clothing

► ex: a-shi-niⁿ i-da-a-kniⁿ (ášinį idáaknį́) - I am wearing my own coat

► ex: wi-e we-niⁿ-tʰaⁿ i-da-a-kniⁿ (wíe wénįtʰą idáaknį) - I am dressed up in my clothing

► ex: a-shi-niⁿ i-da-da-kniⁿ a (ášinį idádaknį́ a) - are you wearing your own coat

► ex: di-e we-niⁿ-tʰaⁿ i-da-da-kniⁿ a-e (díe wénįtʰą idádaknį́ ae) - are you dressed up in your clothing

► ex: a-shi-niⁿ i-kniⁿ niⁿ (ášinį iknį́ nį) - he is wearing his own coat

► ex: i-ni-naⁿ-haⁿ di-ta ko-i kdi-za! i-kniⁿ ni-he! (inínąhą́ dítta kói kdizá! iknį́ nihé!) - take that, your own clothing and put it on! [JOD-Rabbit and Monkey]

► ex: e-ti ma-shtiⁿ-ke we-niⁿ-tʰaⁿ kdi-ze ti i-kniⁿ naⁿ (étti maštį́ke wénįtʰą kdizé-ttí iknį́ ną) - then, the rabbit took his own clothes and put them on [JOD-Rabbit and Monkey]

► i-niⁿ (inį́) - put on clothing; wear a dress or shirt, not used for hat, shoes, pants ► i-bniⁿ (ibnį́) - I, i-tiⁿ (ittį́) - you, i-niⁿ (inį́), i-niⁿ niⁿ (inį́ nį) - he/she, aⁿ-naⁿ-niⁿ (ąną́nį), aⁿ-naⁿ-niⁿ aⁿ-ka-niⁿ (ąną́nį ą́kanį́) - we

► cf. i-kniⁿ (iknį) - put on one’s own clothing

► ex: i-niⁿ aⁿ-tʰaⁿ o-zha pa naⁿ (ínį ą́tʰą óža ppá) - wore it/when/danced/3d. pl. (classifier) [JOD-Stafford Rem. 1]

► ex: wa-x’o zhi-ka ke wa-hiⁿ zhi-te i-niⁿ aⁿ-tʰaⁿ o-zha pa naⁿ (waxʔó žiká ke wahį́ žítte ínį ą́tʰą óža ppá ną) - the old women wore red broadcloth when they danced [JOD-Stafford Rem. 1]

► ex: i-niⁿ pa (inį́ ppa) - they wore/3d. pl. (classifier) [JOD-Stafford Rem. 1]

► ex: wa-x’o naⁿ-haⁿ ke wa-tʰe shte-ka i-niⁿ pa naⁿ (waxʔó nąhą́ ke watʰé šteká inį́ ppa ną́) - the grown women wore short dresses [JOD-Stafford Rem. 1]

► ex: e-ti ho-mi-ta-ta tʰaⁿ we-niⁿ-tʰaⁿ niⁿ-kʰe i-niⁿ naⁿ taⁿ-waⁿ miⁿ-ti hi naⁿ (étti hómittátta tʰą wénįtʰą nįkʰé inį́-ną ttą́wą mį-ttí hi-ną) - then, the monkey put on the rabbit’s clothing and went to a village [JOD-Rabbit and Monkey]

► ex: e-ti ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-zhiⁿ-ke we-niⁿ-tʰaⁿ niⁿ-kʰe ho-mi-ta-ta i-niⁿ ni-tʰe ki-k’i ta niⁿ-kʰe naⁿ (étti maštį́ke ežį́ke wénįtʰą nįkʰé hómittátta inį́ nitʰé kíkʔi tta nįkʰé ną) - then, monkey was going to give rabbit’s son clothes, which he had been wearing up to now, back to him [JOD-Rabbit and Monkey]

► ex: e-shoⁿ haⁿ-pa e-ti ho-mi-ta-ta niⁿ-kʰe o-shpe o-ki-kdi-xda shi-ke hi i-niⁿ naⁿ (ešǫ́ hą́pa étti hómittátta nįkʰé ošpé okkíkdixda šíke hi inį́ ną) - and then, on that day the Monkey put on a very worn and tattered shirt [JOD-Rabbit and Monkey]

► ex: a-shi-niⁿ i-bniⁿ a-ni-he (ášinį íbnį ánihé) - I am wearing a coat

► ex: a-shi-niⁿ wi-ta-zhi i-bniⁿ (ášinį wittaži ibnį́) - I am not wearing my coat, I am wearing someone else’s coat

► ex: a-shi-niⁿ di-ta-zhi i-tiⁿ a-e (ášinį dittaži ittį́ ae) - are you not wearing your coat, are you wearing someone else’s coat

► ex: a-shi-niⁿ e-ta-zhi i-niⁿ niⁿ (ášinį ettaži inį́ nį) - he is not wearing his coat, he is wearing someone else’s coat

► ex: wa-hiⁿ zhi-te i-bniⁿ aⁿ-taⁿ o-a-zha a-ni-he naⁿ (wahį́ žítte íbnį ą́ttą óažá ánihe ną́) - I wore red broadcloth when I danced

► ex: o-a-zha taⁿ wa-hiⁿ zhi-te i-bniⁿ a-ni-he naⁿ (oažá tą wahį́ žítte íbnį ánihe ną) - when I danced, I wore red broadcloth

► ex: wa-hiⁿ zhi-te i-tiⁿ aⁿ-taⁿ o-da-za ni-she naⁿ (wahį́ žítte ittį́ ą́ttą ódažá níše ną) - you wore red broadcloth when you danced

► ex: wa-hiⁿ zhi-te aⁿ-naⁿ-niⁿ aⁿ-taⁿ aⁿ-ko-zha aⁿ-ka-niⁿ naⁿ (wahį́ žítte ąną́nį ą́ttą ą́kožá ą́kanį ną) - we wore red broadcloth when we danced

► i-ni-naⁿ-haⁿ (inínąhą́) - wear, put on clothing; clothing ► i-da-bni-naⁿ-haⁿ (idábninąhą́) - I, i-da-bni-naⁿ-haⁿ (ídaninąhą́) - you, i-ni-naⁿ-haⁿ (inínąhą́) - he/she

► ex: i-ni-naⁿ-haⁿ di-ta ko-i kdi-za! i-kniⁿ ni-he! (inínąhą́ dítta kói kdizá! iknį́ nihé!) - take that, your own clothing and put it on! [JOD-Rabbit and Monkey]

► ex: i-ni-naⁿ-haⁿ ho-taⁿ hi koⁿ-bda (inínąhą́ hóttą hí kkǫbdá) - clothing/good/very/I desire [JOD-Rabbit and Grizzly]

► ex: iⁿ-ta-te, i-ni-naⁿ-haⁿ ho-taⁿ hi koⁿ-bda, i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-zhiⁿ-ke niⁿ-kʰe (įttatté, inínąhą́ hóttą hí kkǫbdá, iyí iyá maštį́ke ežį́ke nįkʰe) - my father, I want to wear very fine clothing, it is said the rabbit’s son said [JOD-Rabbit and Grizzly]

► we-da-niⁿ (wédanį) - dressed, clothing

► ex: we-da-niⁿ pa naⁿ (wédanį ppa ną) - they were dressed

► ex: we-da-niⁿ pa (wédanį ppá) - dressed/3d. pl. (classifier) [JOD-Stafford Rem. 1]

► ex: ko-i-shoⁿ pa naⁿ, ti-aⁿ-ti we-da-niⁿ pa naⁿ (kóišǫ ppá ną, ttią́tti wédanį ppá ną) - that is how they were, they dressed a long time ago [JOD-Stafford Rem. 1]

► ex: we-da-niⁿ shi-ke h[i] e-naⁿ i-da-ki-kda-niⁿ a-taⁿ (wédanį šíke h[i] éną idákikdanį áttą) - clothing/bad/very/only that/she had put on her own/and [JOD-Cinderella]

► ex: ko-i-shoⁿ-taⁿ e-ta-niⁿ kda-i ke [e]-ni-te ka-ki niⁿ e-taⁿ-niⁿ kʰi a-taⁿ we-da-niⁿ shi-ke h[i] e-naⁿ i-da-ki-kda-niⁿ a-taⁿ koⁿ tʰaⁿ taⁿ kʰi-we (kóišǫ́ttą ettą́nį kdá-i ke [e]nitté kaki nį ettą́nį kʰí áttą wédanį šíke h[i] éną idákikdanį áttą kǫ-tʰą́ tą kʰíwe) - then, even though they (the old woman and her daughters) had started home first, she (the orphan) arrived home before them and put her bad clothes on, she had been there awhile when they (the old woman and her daughters) arrived back home [JOD-Cinderella]

► ex: we-da-niⁿ a-wi-ki-bniⁿ a-kdi (wédanį áwikíbnį akdí) - clothing/I have brought back for you, my own [JOD-Cinderella]

► ex: ko-i-shoⁿ-taⁿ da-i taⁿ, hi ni-he! we-da-niⁿ a-wi-ki-bniⁿ a-kdi, wi-naⁿ, i-ke niⁿ i-ya[we] (kóišǫ́ttą dá-i tą, hí-nihé! wédanį áwikíbnį akdí, winą́, iké nį iyá[we]) - then, when they (the old woman and her daughters) left (for the dance), the old man said to her, come here! my oldest daughter, I have brought back some clothing for you, it is said (they say) [JOD-Cinderella]

► we-niⁿ-tʰaⁿ (wénįtʰą) - put on, wear clothing ► we-bniⁿ-tʰaⁿ (wébnįtʰą) - I, we-tiⁿ-tʰaⁿ (wéttįtʰą) - you, we-niⁿ-tʰaⁿ (wénįtʰą) - he/she

► ex: wi-e we-niⁿ-tʰaⁿ i-da-a-kniⁿ (wíe wénįtʰą idáaknį) - I am dressed up in my clothing

► ex: di-e we-niⁿ-tʰaⁿ i-da-da-kniⁿ a-e (díe wénįtʰą idádaknį́ ae) - are you dressed up in your clothing

► ex: e-shoⁿ we-niⁿ-tʰaⁿ bdo-ka hi di-shto-te naⁿ i-a ma-shtiⁿ-ke, zhaⁿ ti a-te de [naⁿ] i-a (ešǫ́ wénįtʰą bdóka hi dištótte ną iá maštį́ke, žą́-ttí átte de [ną] iá) - and then, the rabbit pulled off all of his clothing and started climbing the tree, it is said [JOD-Rabbit and Monkey]

► ex: we-niⁿ-tʰaⁿ (wénįtʰą́) - he wore as clothing [JOD-Rabbit and Grizzly]

► ex: e-shoⁿ wa-zhiⁿ-ka ha o-ki-pa-tʰe zho-i-ka bdo-ka hi we-niⁿ-tʰaⁿ naⁿ (ešǫ́ wažį́ka ha okkíppatʰe žoíka bdóka hi wénįtʰą́ ną) - and then he clothed his entire body, sewing birds together [JOD-Rabbit and Grizzly]

► ex: e-hoⁿ we-niⁿ-tʰaⁿ pa (ehǫ́ wénįtʰą ppá) - they (she) too/wore clothing/3d. pl. (classifier) [JOD-Stafford Rem. 1]

► ex: wa-x’o zhi-ka wi[-e] e-aⁿ-naⁿ-ska ke e-hoⁿ we-niⁿ-tʰaⁿ pa naⁿ (waxʔó žiká wi[e] eą́naská ke ehǫ́ wénįtʰą ppá ną) - the old women of my size, like me, they too wore clothing [JOD-Stafford Rem. 1]

► ’iⁿ (ʔį), iⁿ (į) - wear, over the shoulders as a blanket, robe, shawl ► miⁿ (mį) - I, zhiⁿ (žį) - you, ’iⁿ (ʔį), iⁿ (į) - he/she, aⁿ-kiⁿ (ąkį́) - we, I and one other, aⁿ-kiⁿ-we(ąkį́we) - we

► Dhegiha: iⁿ (iⁿ) - to wear, as a blanket, robe, or shawl; to use [Omaha/Ponca]; iⁿ (iⁿ) - to wear, as a robe or a blanket [FL-Osage]; iⁿ (į́) - wear (e.g., earrings, warm clothes, a coat, a shawl) [CQ-Osage]; ’iⁿ (’iⁿ) - wear about the shoulders, as a blanket or shawl [Kaw]

► ’oⁿ (ʔǫ), oⁿ (ǫ), aⁿ (ą́) - wear; use, have (as a disease) ► moⁿ (mǫ) - I, zhoⁿ (žǫ) - you oⁿ (ǫ) - he/she

► ex: aⁿ-i pa (ą́i ppá) - they wore/3d. pl. ending (classifier) [JOD-Stafford Rem. 1]

► ex: aⁿ-i-taⁿ sto-ta i-niⁿ-ha aⁿ-i pa naⁿ (ą́ittą stóta inįhá ą́ittą šǫ́šǫ inįhá ą́i ppá ną) - they wore ball and cone earrings [JOD-Stafford Rem. 1]

► ex: oⁿ-i-taⁿ moⁿ a-ni-he (ǫ́ittą mǫ́ aníhe) - I am wearing earrings

► ex: oⁿ-i-taⁿ zhoⁿ ni-she (ǫ́ittą žǫ́ níše) - you are wearing earrings

► ex: oⁿ-i niⁿ (ǫ́i nį) - he is wearing earring

► ex: oⁿ-i-taⁿ oⁿ-iⁿ-ka-niⁿ (ǫ́ittą ǫ́įkanį) - we are wearing earrings

► Dhegiha: oⁿ (oⁿ) - to use or wear [Omaha/Ponca]; oⁿ (ǫ́ǫ) - wear, use; suffer from, have as an illness, be sick from [CQ-Osage]

wear, put on shoes or leggings

► o-tʰaⁿ (otʰą́), o-tʰoⁿ (otʰǫ́) - put on shoes or leggings, wear ► o-a-tʰaⁿ (oátʰą) - I, o-da-tʰaⁿ (odátʰą) - you, o-tʰaⁿ (otʰą́), o-tʰoⁿ (otʰǫ́) - he/she, aⁿ-ko-tʰaⁿ aⁿ-ka-niⁿ (ąkótʰą ą́kanį́) - we

► cf. o-ki-tʰoⁿ (okítʰǫ) - put on, as leggings or moccasins

► ex: niⁿ-te o-di-shiⁿ [o-di-shoⁿ] o-a-tʰaⁿ a-ni-he (nį́tte ódišį [odíšǫ] oátʰą ánihé) - I am wearing pants

► ex: hoⁿ-pe o-a-tʰaⁿ a-ni-he (hǫpé oátʰą ánihe) - I am wearing shoes

► ex: hoⁿ-pe ni-kaⁿ-ni o-tʰaⁿ (hǫpé níkkąní otʰą́) - moccasin/both/he put on (=wore) [JOD-Rabbit and Grizzly]

► ex: shi-naⁿ iⁿ-tʰaⁿ ha hoⁿ-pe ni-kaⁿ-ni o-tʰaⁿ naⁿ, i-ya (šíną įtʰą́ ha hǫpé níkkąní otʰą́ ną, iyá) - and he put on a pair of owl skin moccasins, it is said [JOD-Rabbit and Grizzly]

► Dhegiha: u-toⁿ (utóⁿ), u-tʰoⁿ (utʰóⁿ) - to put on leggings; to put on moccasins [Omaha/Ponca]; o-txaⁿ (otxą́), o-kxaⁿ (okxą́) - put on (e.g., pants, shoes) [CQ-Osage]

► o-ki-tʰoⁿ (okítʰǫ) - put on, as leggings or moccasins ► o-a-ki-tʰoⁿ (oákitʰǫ) - I, o-da-ki-tʰoⁿ (odákitʰǫ) - you, o-ki-tʰoⁿ (okítʰǫ) - he/she

► cf. o-tʰaⁿ (otʰą́), o-tʰoⁿ (otʰǫ́) - put on shoes or leggings, wear

► ex: o-a-ki-tʰoⁿ taⁿ (oákitʰǫ tą́) - let me put on my [JOD-Rabbit and Grizzly]

► ex: wi-zhiⁿ-de, hoⁿ-pe o-a-ki-tʰoⁿ taⁿ (wižį́de, hǫpé oákitʰǫ tą́) - my elder brother, let me put on my moccasins [JOD-Rabbit and Grizzly]

► ex: o-a-ki-tʰoⁿ miⁿ-kʰe (oákitʰǫ mįkʰé) - I put on my (moccasins)/I who [JOD-Rabbit and Grizzly]

► ex: e-koⁿ-te-he, wi-zhiⁿ-de, hoⁿ-pe o-a-ki-tʰoⁿ miⁿ-kʰe (ékǫttehé, wižį́de, hǫpé oákitʰǫ mįkʰé) - wait, my elder brother, I am putting on my moccasins [JOD-Rabbit and Grizzly]

► ex: o-da-ki-tʰoⁿ niⁿ-kʰe (odákitʰǫ nįkʰe) - you who are putting on your (moccasins) [JOD-Rabbit and Grizzly]

► ex: o-ti-ti! hoⁿ-pe o-da-ki-tʰoⁿ niⁿ-kʰe (óttitti! hǫpé odákitʰǫ nįkʰe) - hurry! you putter on of moccasins! [JOD-Rabbit and Grizzly]

► Dhegiha: u-gi-toⁿ (u-gí-toⁿ) - to put on his own leggings or pants [JOD-Omaha]; o-ki-txaⁿ (okítxą), o-ki-kxaⁿ (okíkxą) - put on one’s own pants or shoes [CQ-Osage]

wear, put on, push into

► o-ba-haⁿ (obáhą) - put on, to push into; raise up, hold up ► (oppáhą) - I, (ošpáhą) - you, o-ba-haⁿ (obáhą) - he/she

► ex: o-ba-haⁿ a-taⁿ (obáhą attą́) - he pushed into it/and [JOD-Red Hair]

► ex: haⁿ-ka e-zhiⁿ-ke ha kʰe o-di-shto-te o-ba-haⁿ a-taⁿ ma-xi-wa-de tʰaⁿ (hą́ka ežį́ke há kʰe odíštotte obáhą attą́ maγíwadé tʰą́) - he was wearing haⁿ-ka’s son’s skin that he had pulled off and he was fooling them [JOD-Red Hair]

► ex: o-ba-haⁿ (obáhą) - he pushed into it [JOD-Red Hair]

► ex: ko-i-shoⁿ-taⁿ ha kʰe ma-shtiⁿ-ke o-ba-haⁿ (kóišǫ́ttą há kʰe maštį́ke obáhą) - then the rabbit put the skin on [JOD-Red Hair]

► ex: ha kʰe o-ba-haⁿ tʰaⁿ (há kʰe obáhą tʰą) - skin/the lying object/he pushed into it/the standing one [JOD-Red Hair]

► ex: ki-di-za-we e-shoⁿ haⁿ-ka e-zhiⁿ-ke ha kʰe o-ba-haⁿ tʰaⁿ o-naⁿ-shto-te naⁿ da taⁿ ni-a-ta ko-e-kde i-ya-we, ni-zhi-ha zhi-te i-da-kdi-xaⁿ ko-e-kde i-ya-we (kídikkizáwe ešǫ́ hą́ka ežį́ke há kʰe obáhą tʰą oną́štotte ną dá tą niátta kóekde iyáwe, nižíha žítte idákdiγą́ koékde iyáwe) - after they made a way for him, he kicked off haⁿ-ka’s son’s skin in which he had been wearing and quickly started to run towards the river taking red hair with him, they say [JOD-Red Hair]

► Dhegiha: u-ba-haⁿ (u-bá-haⁿ) - to push his way in (at the entrance) [JOD-Omaha]; u-ba-hoⁿ (u-bá-hoⁿ) - to wear [FL-Osage]; o-pa-haⁿ (opáahą) - raise up, hold up, put on, don as clothing [CQ-Osage]; o-ba-haⁿ (obáhaⁿ) - wear [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ba-hoⁿ (bahóⁿ) - push up, to push up [Omaha/Ponca]; ba-hoⁿ (ba-hóⁿ) - to raise an object by pushing, to lift up, pushes up [FL-Osage]; pa-haⁿ (paahą́) - raise, hold up [CQ-Osage]; ba-haⁿ (baháⁿ) - push up, raise by burrowing [Kaw]

wear, put upon

► a-knaⁿ (ákną), a-kdaⁿ (ákdą) - put a singular, sitting, inanimate (curvilinear--JOD) or cloth, paper, plaster, etc. object upon a surface a-a-knaⁿ (áakną) - I, a-da-knaⁿ (ádakną) - you, a-knaⁿ (ákną) - he/she, aⁿ-ka-knaⁿ-we (ąkáknąwe), oⁿ-ka-kdaⁿ-we (ǫkákdąwe) - we

► cf. o-knaⁿ (okną́), o-kdaⁿ (okdą́) - put singular/sitting or cloth, paper into; put singular/sitting/inanimate or cloth into

► ex: ta-siⁿ-te a-knaⁿ (ttasį́tte ákną) - roach (headress) [MS]

► ex: ta-siⁿ-te a-knaⁿ (ta sīⁿte ága na), (ta sīⁿ tē aga na) - head dress of deer hair and turkey beard, with bone standard and tube, from George Red Eagle and John Quapaw [MH]

► ex: naⁿ-ka-knaⁿ (ną́kkakną́), naⁿ-ka a-kdaⁿ (ną́kka ákdą) - saddle

► ex: ta-siⁿ-te wa-knaⁿ (ttasį́tte wákną), ta-siⁿ-te wa-kdaⁿ (ttasį́tte wákdą) - roach made of a deer's tail; headdress made of deer’s tail or turkey beard

► ex: wa-knaⁿ (wa ga na) - hair feathers, the different kinds, I was told, symbolize different tribes taking part in the ceremony, from Dick Quapaw [MH]

► Dhegiha: a-gthoⁿ (ágthoⁿ) - to place a curved object, book, paper, piece of calico, etc., on something else, as a foundation; to apply externally, as a plaster or poultice [Omaha/Ponca]; a-gthoⁿ (ágthoⁿ) - to place one thing upon another [FL-Osage]; a-laⁿ (álą) - place vertically against, place on, put on [CQ-Osage]; a-laⁿ (álaⁿ) - put curved or rounded/sitting, or cloth, or paper on [Kaw]

weary, tired, fatigue

► o-zhe-da (ožéda) - tired, weary, fatigue ► oⁿ-zhe-da (ǫ́žeda) - I, o-di-zhe-da (odížeda) - you, o-zhe-da (ožéda) - he/she, o-wa-zhe-da-we (ówažédawe) - we

► o-zhe-da (ožéda) - tired [MS]

► ex: aⁿ-zhe-da (ą́žeda) - I’m tired [MS]

► Dhegiha: u-zhe-tha (uzhétha) - tired, weary; to be tired or weary [Omaha/Ponca]; u-zhe-tha (u-zhé-tha) - to be weary from hard work; to be tired; to be weary [FL-Osage]; o-zhe-tha (ožéða), o-zhe-the (ožéðe) - feel tired, be fatigued, weary, tired [CQ-Osage]; o-zhe-ya (ozhéya) - be tired, weary [Kaw]

weave, braid

► ka-zaⁿ-te (kazą́tte) - weave, braid ► a-zaⁿ-te (ázątte) - I, da-zaⁿ-te (dázątte) - you, ka-zaⁿ-te (kazą́tte) - he/she

► cf. i-ba-zoⁿ-te (íbazǫ́tte) - lace up, as a pack; i-ki-pa-zoⁿ-te (íkkippazǫ́tte) - fasten; wa-zoⁿ-te (wázǫtte) - mat

► Dhegiha: ga-zoⁿ-te (gázoⁿte) - braid, braided, woman’s braid [Omaha]; ga-zoⁿ-dse (ga-çóⁿ-dse) - to braid, to weave, to plait [FL-Osage]; ga-zaⁿ-je (gazáⁿje) - weave [Kaw]

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