Quapaw Dictionary

English to Quapaw Dictionary
A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H-I-J-K-L-M-N-O-P-Q-R-S-T-U-V-W-X-Y-Z
Quapaw Sources	Dhegiha Sources

oak acorns - oh oil - on this side on top of - one side one thing - oneself onion - otter skin our, ours plural - ox

our, ours (plural)

► aⁿ-ko-ta-we (ąkóttawe), oⁿ-ko-ta-we (ǫkóttawe) - our, ours (plural)

► cf. wi-ta (wítta) - my, mine (alienable); di-ta (dítta) - your, yours, (alienable); di-ta-we (díttawe) - your plural, yours, you all’s (alienable); i-ta (ittá) - his, hers, its (alienable); i-ta-we (ittáwe), e-ta-we (ettáwe) - their, theirs; aⁿ-ko-ta (ąkótta), oⁿ-ko-ta (ǫkótta) - our, the two of ours, (dual)

► ex: “ka-hi-ke oⁿ-ko-ta-we, t’e-wa-ki-da-we i-ya,” i-ya-we, i-ya wa-sa ke (“kahíke ǫkóttawe, tʔéwakidáwe iyá,” iyáwe, iyá wasá ke) - “our chief, they have killed our relation, he (rabbit) said,” the black bears said, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► Dhegiha: aⁿ-gu-ta-i (añgúʇai) - our [JOD-Omaha]; aⁿ-ko-ʰta-pi (ąkóʰtapi) - ours; our (belonging to two or more of us) [CQ-Osage]

our, the two of ours

► aⁿ-ko-ta (ąkótta), oⁿ-ko-ta (ǫkótta) - our, the two of ours, (dual)

► cf. wi-ta (wítta) - my, mine (alienable); di-ta (dítta) - your, yours, (alienable); di-ta-we (díttawe) - your plural, yours, you all’s (alienable); i-ta (ittá) - his, hers, its (alienable); i-ta-we (ittáwe), e-ta-we (ettáwe) - their, theirs; aⁿ-ko-ta-we (ąkóttawe), oⁿ-ko-ta-we (ǫkóttawe) - our, ours (plural)

► ex: shoⁿ-ke aⁿ-ko-ta (šǫ́ke ąkótta) - our dog

► Dhegiha: aⁿ-gu-ta (añgúʇa) - our own [JOD-Omaha]; oⁿ-gu-ʰta (oⁿ-gu-ṭa) - our [FL-Osage]; aⁿ-ko-ʰta (ąkóʰta) - ours; our (belonging to two or more of us; we ourselves (emphatic) [CQ-Osage]; aⁿ-go-ta (aⁿgóta) - our, ours, be ours [Kaw]

out in the country

► ma-zhoⁿ a-shi (mažǫ́ áši) - out in the country [MS]

► cf. ma-zhaⁿ (mažą́), ma-zhoⁿ (mažǫ́) - land; a-shi (áši) - over, on top of, on, over; a-shi-ti (ášitti) - outside, outdoors; a-shi-oⁿ-he (ášiǫhe) - outside of (an enclosure)

► ex: ha-zi ma-zhoⁿ a-shi (házi mažǫ́ áši) - grapes, out in the country [MS]

► Dhegiha: moⁿ-zhoⁿ (moⁿzhoⁿ) - world, country, land [Omaha]; ma-zhoⁿ (mazhóⁿ) - land [Omaha/Ponca]; moⁿ-zhoⁿ (moⁿ-zhoⁿ) - earth, country, farm, world, land [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-zhaⁿ (mą́žą), moⁿ-zhoⁿ (mǫ́žǫ) - land, country, countryside, earth, world, allotment, farm [CQ-Osage]; mo-zhoⁿ (mozhóⁿ), ma-zhaⁿ (mazháⁿ), moⁿ-zhaⁿ (moⁿzháⁿ) - land, earth, country [Kaw]

out in, far out in

► ka-haⁿ (káhą) - far out in [JOD]

► ex: maⁿ-te o-a-ki-kniⁿ, ni ka-haⁿ a-kʰi taⁿ, kʰi o-do-tʰe niⁿ (mątté oákiknį, ni káhą akʰí tą, kʰí odotʰé nį) - I sat in my canoe, when I reached far out in the stream, the man eater reached (the shore) again [JOD]

out of line

► di-ko-wiⁿ-xe (dikkówįγe) - turn, rotate, pull out of line ► bdi-ko-wiⁿ-xe (bdíkkowįγe) - I, ti-ko-wiⁿ-xe (ttíkkowįγe) - you

► cf. di-ko-wiⁿ-xe i-he-de (dikkówįγe ihéde) - turn something long; di-ko-wiⁿ-xe hi-de (dikkówįγe híde) - spin someone off balance; di-ko-wiⁿ-xa-xa (dikkówįγáγa) - to cause something to wobble; ba-ko-wiⁿ-xe (bakkówįγe) - turn, make revolve, push around; bi-ko-wiⁿ-xe (bikkówįγe) - push, blow in a circle; ka-ko-wiⁿ-xe (kakkówįγe) - turn around, circle; ki-kdi-ko-wiⁿ-xe (kkikdíkkowįγe) - turn oneself around; naⁿ-ko-wiⁿ-xe (nąkkówįγe) - treadle, use to turn something

► Dhegiha: thi-ku-wiⁿ-xe (thi wiⁿxe) - turn [Omaha/Ponca]; thi-koiⁿ-xe (ðiiʰkóįɣe) - turn someone or something around [CQ-Osage]; yu-ko-miⁿ-ghe (yukómiⁿghe) - turn something around and around with the hands, to crank [Kaw]

out of sight, invisible

► taⁿ-iⁿ-zhi (ttą́įži) - invisible, out of sight

► cf. taⁿ-iⁿ (ttą́į) - visible, in sight; zhi (ži) - not, negation

► Dhegiha: ʰtoⁿ-iⁿ a-zhi (ṭoⁿ-íⁿ a-zhi) - invisible, not visible, not to be seen [FL-Osage]; wa-tiⁿ-zhi (watíⁿzhi) - invisible, not in sight [Kaw]

out, break out

► i-di-shpe (ídišpe) - break off, break out

► cf. di-shpe (dišpé) - pull off something adhering; di-shpa-shpa (dišpášpa) - tear into pieces; ka-shpe (kašpé) - cut off, knock off a piece; i-ka-shpe (íkašpe) - break from weight; pa-shpe (pášpĕ) - to cut out a piece or portion with a knife [JOD]; pa-shpa-shpa (pášpašpa) - dice, cut into small pieces; o-shpe (ošpé) - fragment; zhoⁿ o-toⁿ o-shpe (žǫ́ ottǫ́ ošpé) - trees in a curvilinear clump; zhoⁿ o-toⁿ o-shpa-shpa (žǫ́ ottǫ́ ošpášpa) - trees in scattered clumps

► Dhegiha: thi-shpe (thishpe) - wound, gouge [Omaha]; thi-shpe (thíshpe) - to break off a piece [FL-Osage]; yu-shpe (yushpé) - pinch off, pull off a piece; to shell (corn) [Kaw]

out, clean out the house

► i-ti-ze (íttize) - clean out the house ► i-da-ti-ze (idáttize) - I, i-da-ti-ze (ídattize) - you

► cf. kda-ti-ze (kdattíze) - sweep out one’s house; i-ki-ti-ze (íkittize) - leave, abandon one’s own; ka-ti-ze (kattíze), ka-tʰi-ze (katʰíze) - knock, sweep, brush away; we-ka-ti-ze (wékattíze) - broom; ba-ti-ze (battíze), ba-tʰi-ze (batʰíze) - move something by pushing; bi-ti-ze (bittíze) - move something by pressing/blowing; di-ti-ze (dittíze) - move by pulling something; ki-pa-ti-ze (kíppattíze) - move one’s possession by pushing; ki-kdi-ti-ze (kkíkdittíze) - move something for one’s own benefit; naⁿ-ti-ze (nąttíze) - kick along, move something with feet; po-ti-ze (póttize), po-tʰi-ze (pótʰize) - move something by punch-/shooting

► Dhegiha: thi-dsi-ze (thi-dsí-çe) - remove from office (strictly speaking means ‘remove’ only, no mention of office [FL-Osage]; thi-tsi-ze (ðicíze) - dust or clean e.g., the house, move, remove, take away [CQ-Osage]

out, close the lips and stick out the mouth

► i a-da-zo-ka (í ádazokka), a-da-zo-ka (ádazokka) - point with the lips; close the lips and stick out the mouth ► i a-bda-zo-ka (í ábdazokka) - I, i a-ta-zo-ka (í áttazokka) - you, i oⁿ-ka-da-zo-ka-we (í ǫ́kadazókkawe) - we

► cf. i (í) - mouth, lips; a-ba-zo (ábazo) - point at; da (da) - by mouth

► Dhegiha: i (i) - mouth of a person or animal [Omaha/Ponca]; i (i) - mouth [Omaha]; i (i) - mouth [FL-Osage]; i (i) - mouth [Kaw]

► i-ha we-da-ba-zo (íha wédabázo) - point with the lips ► i-ha we-bda-ba-zo (íha wébdabazo) - I, i-ha we-ta-ba-zo (íha wéttabazo) - you

► cf. i-ha (íha) - mouth; we-da-ba-zo (wédabázo) - pointer, index or forefinger; a-ba-zo (ábazo) - point at

► Dhegiha: i-ha i-tha-ba-zu (í-ha i-tha-ba-çu) - to point at with the lips [FL-Osage]; i-ha i-ya-ba-zo (íha iyábazo) - point at something with the lips [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: a-ba-zu (ábazu) - point, to point at with the finger [Omaha/Ponca]; a-ba-zu (abazu) - point [Omaha]; a-ba-zu (á-ba-çu) - to indicate, to point at; to select [FL-Osage]; a-pa-zo (ápazo) - point at, point to, select by pointing to[CQ-Osage]; a-ba-zo (ábazo) - point at with the finger [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: we-a-ba-zu (wé-a-ba-çu) - a pointer, the index or first finger [FL-Osage]; we-a-pa-zo (wéapazo) - index finger, pointing finger, lit., “with which to point at things” [CQ-Osage]; we-ba-zo (webázo) - pointer, pointing finger [Kaw]

out, cry out

► ho-taⁿ (hóttą) - cry out, roar

► ho taⁿ-ka (hŭk-takah) - shout, yell, scream, call (crier) [GI]

► ho taⁿ-ka (hú-tañ-k͓a) - Kwapa name for the Winnebago Indians [JOD]

► cf. ho (ho) - voice; o-ho (oho) - bark, as a dog [MS]; ga-ho-taⁿ (gahóttą) - whirr, roar; ga-ho-taⁿ-de (gahóttąde) - whirr, hum, roar; naⁿ-ho-taⁿ (nąhóttą) - cry out from being stepped on

► Dhegiha: hu tʰoⁿ (hútʰoⁿ) - to cry out, roar, bellow, said of the cries of all animals except humans and hogs [Omaha]; ho-ʰtoⁿ (hóṭoⁿ) - the cry or call of animals or birds [FL-Osage]; ho-ʰtaⁿ (hóoʰtą) - yell, holler, shout, lit., “loud voice”, sing or sound out, make a loud sound, make animal sounds [CQ-Osage]; ho-taⁿ (hótaⁿ) - cry of an animal; an animal’s characteristic cry, a single term used to convey notions such as roar, bellow, whinny, caw, etc. [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: hu toⁿ-ga (hútoⁿga) - Winnebago, Hocank, the Winnebagos or Hocank tribe [Omaha/Ponca]; ho toⁿ-ga (hó-ṭoⁿ-ga) - Winnebago Tribe [FL-Osage]; ho taⁿ-ka (hótąka) - Winnebago (Hochunk) tribe or tribal member [CQ-Osage]; ho taⁿ-ga (hótaⁿga) - Hochank, also known as Winnebago tribe or person “big voice,” “loud voice,” or “rough voice.” [Kaw]

► xa-ke (γaké) - cry, weep ► a-xa-ke (aγáke) - I, da-xa-ke (daγáke) - you

► xa-ke (hah-kieh) - cry, weep (pleurer) [GI]

► cf. di-xa-ke (diγáke) - cry, cause by squeezing; wa-zhiⁿ aⁿ-xa-ke (wažį́ ą́γaké) - mocking bird, lit. “crying bird”

► ex: da-xa-ke naⁿ-ha (daγáke nąhá) - beware lest you cry out [JOD]

► ex: xa-ke haⁿ-e-aⁿ-zhi niⁿ (γaké hą́eą́ži nį́) - he cried out-not a little-the moving one [JOD]

► Dhegiha: xa-ge (xagé) -cry, squeal [Omaha/Ponca]; xa-ge (xa-gé) - to weep or to cry, lamentation [FL-Osage]; xa-ke (γaaké) - cry [CQ-Osage]; gʰa-ge (gʰagé) - cry, weep [Kaw]

► naⁿ-ho-taⁿ (nąhóttą) - cry out from being stepped on ► a-naⁿ-ho-taⁿ (aną́hottą) - I, da-naⁿ-ho-taⁿ (daną́hottą) - you

► cf. naⁿ (naⁿ) - by action of the foot; ho (ho) - voice; ho-taⁿ (hóttą) - cry out, roar; ho taⁿ-ka (hŭk-takah) - shout, yell, scream, call (crier) [GI]; ho taⁿ-ka (hú-tañ-k͓a) - Kwapa name for the Winnebago Indians [JOD]

► Dhegiha: wa-naⁿ-hu-taⁿ (wanáⁿhutaⁿ) - to make them cry by treading [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: hu tʰoⁿ (hútʰoⁿ) - to cry out, roar, bellow, said of the cries of all animals except humans and hogs [Omaha]; ho-ʰtoⁿ (hóṭoⁿ) - the cry or call of animals or birds [FL-Osage]; ho-ʰtaⁿ (hóoʰtą) - yell, holler, shout, lit., “loud voice”, sing or sound out, make a loud sound, make animal sounds [CQ-Osage]; ho-taⁿ (hótaⁿ) - cry of an animal; an animal’s characteristic cry, a single term used to convey notions such as roar, bellow, whinny, caw, etc. [Kaw]

► zi-we (ziwé) - scream, cry out as a woman ► a-zi-we (azíwe) - I, da-zi-we (dazíwe) - you, oⁿ-zi-wa-we (ǫzíwawe) - we

► bda-se (bdasé) - shout, cry out (human) ► a-bda-se (abdáse) - I, da-bda-se (dabdáse) - you, oⁿ-bda-sa-we (ǫbdásawe) - we

► cf. bda-se de-de (bdasé dedé) - shout to one at a distance

out, cut out a piece or portion with a knife

► pa-shpe (pášpĕ) - to cut out a piece or portion with a knife [JOD] ► pa-a-shpe (páašpe) - I

► cf. pa-shpa-shpa (pášpašpa) - dice, cut into small pieces; di-shpe (dišpé) - pull off something adhering; i-di-shpe (ídišpe) - break off, break out; di-shpa-shpa (dišpášpa) - tear into pieces; ka-shpe (kašpé) - cut off, knock off a piece; i-ka-shpe (íkašpe) - break from weight; o-shpe (ošpé) - fragment; zhoⁿ o-toⁿ o-shpe (žǫ́ ottǫ́ ošpé) - trees in a curvilinear clump; zhoⁿ o-toⁿ o-shpa-shpa (žǫ́ ottǫ́ ošpášpa) - trees in scattered clumps

► ex: pa-a-shpe (páašpe) - I cut out the piece with a knife [JOD]

► ex: “shaⁿ-iⁿ-te xwiⁿ niⁿ-kʰe pa-a-shpe naⁿ oⁿ-bde naⁿ ho-taⁿ te, i-ye,” i-yi, i-ya-we (“šą́įtte xwį́ nįkʰé páašpe ną ǫbdé ną hóttą tté, iyé,” iyí, iyáwe) - well, when I cut out the bad/offensive smelling part and I throw it away, then it will be good, he said that,” she said, they say [JOD]

► ex: pa-shpe (pášpe) - to cut it out with a knife (that portion) [JOD]

► ex: “shaⁿ-iⁿ-te xwiⁿ niⁿ-kʰe pa-shpe naⁿ oⁿ-de naⁿ ho-taⁿ te,” i-yi (“šą́įtte xwį nįkʰe pášpe ną ǫde ną hóttą tte,” iyí, iyáwe) - “well, when the bad/offensive smelling part is cut out and thrown away, then it will be good,” he said that, they say [JOD]

► ex: pa-shpe (pašpé) - cut out a piece with a knife [JOD]

► ex: wa-sa zho pa-shpe a-niⁿ kdi (wasá žo pašpé anį́ kdi) - she cut a piece of the black bear meat/flesh and brought it home [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ma-shpe (máshpe) - to cut off a large piece with a knife or handsaw [Omaha/Ponca]; ba-shpe (bá-shpe) - to cut a piece of fruit or vegetable with a knife [FL-Osage]; pa-shpe (paašpé), pa-shpu (paašpú) - cut corn, fresh corn cut off the cob [CQ-Osage]; ba-shpe (báshpe) - cut off a piece of something with a knife or saw [Kaw]; ba-shpe (bashpé) - push off a piece of something; push a piece off of the edge of an object by holding the end of a stick or something similar firmly against it [Kaw]

out, dig out

► di-ko-te (dikótte) - dig out, probe ► bdi-ko-te (bdíkotte) - I, ti-ko-te (ttíkotte) - you

► Dhegiha: yu-go-je (yugóje) - pick, probe [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ba-gu-de (bagúde) - probe, dig, take out, dig out [Omaha/Ponca]; ba-gu-dse (ba-gú-dse) - to probe into a hole, as cleaning a pipe with a stick; to probe a wound; to clean a pipestem [FL-Osage]; ba-go-je (bagóje) - pick, probe, pick the teeth [Kaw]

► di-ko-ko (dikóko) - digs out often [JOD]

► cf. di-ko-te (dikótte) - dig out, probe; di-k’o (dikʔó) - dig with knife, spade or paws

► ex: ti xe-tʰe-ti ma-ni-ka di-ko-ko a-taⁿ e-ti o-kniⁿ naⁿ (ttí xetʰétti maníkka dikóko áttą étti oknį́ ną) - in the corner of the lodge, he (toad) digs out the dirt and lives there [JOD]

out, drive or flush out with the feet

► naⁿ-zhi-we (nąžíwe) - drive, flush out with the feet ► a-naⁿ-zhi-we (aną́žiwe) - I, da-naⁿ-zhi-we (daną́žiwe) - you

► cf. naⁿ (naⁿ) - by action of the foot; ba-zhi (baží) - drive something or someone off; ba-zhi de-de (baží déde) - scare out, flush out; wa-ba-zhi (wábaží) - drive them off [MS, FR]

► Dhegiha: ba-si (basí) - to drive one animal [Omaha/Ponca]; ba-si (ba-çí) - to drive away [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: ga-zhiⁿ (ga-zhíⁿ) - to drive a team of horses or an automobile [FL-Osage]; ka-zhi (kaaží), ka-zhiⁿ (kaažį́) - drive a vehicle, herd animals; make or force someone to do something, commnd someone to do something; blow with force [CQ-Osage]; ga-zhiⁿ (gazhíⁿ) - whip, drive a horse; blow to nose [Kaw]

out, dry out by pulling up

► di-ta-xe (dittáxe) - dry out by pulling up, uproot ► bdi-ta-xe (bdíttaxe) - I, ti-ta-xe (ttíttaxe) - you

► cf. di (di) - by hand; ta-xe (táxe) - dried up, dead from heat/cold, used with almost all instrumental prefixes; ba-ta-xe (battáxe) - dry up, root up the soil; bi-ta-xe (bittáxe) - dry up, press dry; da-ta-xe (dattáxe) - dry up from being gnawed; ka-ta-xe (kattáxe) - crack and die from being cut, as corn; pa-ta-xe (páttaxe) - cut and dry up, e.g. cornstalk; po-ta-xe (póttaxe) - cause to dry up from punching; ta-ta-xe (táttaxe) - dry up and die, as vegetation from the sun

out, dry out from breaking

► di-xe-ka (dixéka) - dry out from breaking (limbs) ► bdi-xe-ka (bdíxeka) - I, ti-xe-ka (ttíxeka) - you

► cf. di (di) - by hand; xe-ka (xéka) - dry, without sap; pa-hi xe-ka (ppahí xéka) - skull, lit. “dried head”

► Dhegiha: xe-ga (qéga) - dried, dead, as a branch or tree [Omaha/Ponca]; xe-ga (xé-ga) - dead, as tall grass or tree [FL-Osage]; xe-ka (xéka) - dead from drying up, e.g., a vegetable, dried [CQ-Osage]

out, empty by pulling contents out

► di-kdo-x’a (dikdóxʔa), di-kto-x’a (diktóxʔa) - empty by pulling contents out ► bdi-kdo-x’a (bdíkdoxʔa) - I, ti-kdo-x’a (ttíkdoxʔa) - you

► cf. kdo-x’a (kdoxʔa), xdo-x’a (xdoxʔa) - empty; maⁿ-xdo-x’a (mąxdoxʔa), maⁿ-kdo-xa (mąkdóxa) - cave, lit. “hollow earth”; o-kdo-x’a (okdóxʔa) - insides, interior of animal

► Dhegiha: yu-xlo-k’a (yuxlók’a) - empty by pulling out the contents, as a quiver or a basket [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: xthu-’a (qthu’a) - hollow, baggy [Omaha/Ponca]; xthu-’a (qthu’a) - intestines, guts, innards, everything inside the abdominal cavity, “hollow places” above the hips [Omaha/Ponca]; xthu-’a (xthu’a) - hollow, empty [Omaha]; xthu-xa (qthúqa) - empty, emptied of its contents [Omaha/Ponca]; xtho-ʰk’a (xthó-ḳ’a) - empty, emptiness [FL-Osage]; xthu-ʰk’a (xthú-ḳ’a), xthu-’a (xthú-’a) - any kind of a hollow in a tree or log [FL-Osage]; xlo-k’a (xlók’a) - hollow, empty [Kaw]

out, get out of the way

► she-do (šedó) - get out of the way!, imperative function

► she-do (šedó) - get away! [MS]

► cf. she-do (šédo) - yonder, there

► Dhegiha: she-thu (shé-thu) - yonder, there where you are [FL-Osage]; she-tho (šeeðo), she-thoⁿ (šeeðǫ́) - there where you are, right there where you are, that person there [CQ-Osage]; she-yo (shèyó) - there in the distance, yonder [Kaw]

out, give out or fail

► di-sh’a (dišʔá) - fail, fall short ► bdi-sh’a (bdíšʔa) - I, ti-sh’a (ttíšʔa) - you, di-sh’a-wi (dišʔawi), di-sh’a-i (dišʔai) - they

► cf. da-sha-’a (dašʔá) - fail to finish eating; o-di-sh’a-ke (odíšʔake) - refuse, be unwilling, decline

► ex: e-ti-tʰaⁿ wa-x’o zhi-ka niⁿ di-sh’a (ettítʰą waxʔó žiká nį dišʔá) - then the old woman gave out [JOD]

► ex: e-ti-tʰaⁿ i-naⁿ-pa niⁿ di-sh’a (ettítʰą ínąp͓á nį dišʔá) - then the second one gave out [JOD]

► ex: e-ti-tʰaⁿ i-da-bniⁿ di-sh’a (ettítʰą ídabnį dišʔá) - then the third one gave out [JOD]

► ex: di-sh’a (dišʔá) - he failed [JOD]

► ex: shi-noⁿ di-sh’a (šínǫ dišʔá) - he failed again [JOD]

► ex: ka-xe di-sh’a (kaγé dišʔá) - he failed to make it [JOD]

► ex: ha-t’e naⁿ di-sh’a i-ki-ba-haⁿ (hatʔé ną dišʔá íkibahą́) - he knew he would fail because of his sickness [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ e-ti mi-zhi-ka za-ni hi i-k’i-ta-i taⁿ di-sh’a-wi (kóišǫ́ttą étti mižíka zaní hi íkʔitaí tą dišʔawi) - then, every single one of the girls there tried it and they failed [JOD]

► ex: di-sh’a-i taⁿ za-ni di-sh’a-i taⁿ wa-haⁿ niⁿ-ke niⁿ-kʰe ki-k’i de-da-wi (dišʔai tą zaní dišʔaí tą wahą́nįké nįkʰé kikʔí dedáwi) - they all failed, when they failed, they gave it back to the orphan [JOD]

► Dhegiha: thi-’a (thi’á) - to be unable [Omaha/Ponca]; thi-’a (thia) - fail, miss, unable, I could not, could not make it [Omaha]

► Dhegiha: thu-ʰts’a-ge (thu-ṭs’á-ge) - unable, inability to do, failure to to a thing, work left unfinished, to fail [FL-Osage]; thu-ts’a-ke (ðuucʔáke) - be unable to do, fail at [CQ-Osage]; yu-ts’a-ge (yuts’áge) - unable to do, not to work, fail to act [Kaw]

out, go out

► ki-kde-zhe (kkikdéže) - go out, as a fire

► cf. kde-zhe (kdežé) - spotted

► ex: ta-xde ki-kde-zhe (taxdé kikdéže) - firecoal/spotted(=dead) [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ga-gthe-zhe (ga-gthé-zhe) - to put out a fire, the act of putting out a fire by striking with a wet blanket [FL-Osage]; gi-gthe-zhe (gi-gthé-zhe) - fade, to lose color [FL-Osage]

out, go out of the way to help

► i-we-de-naⁿ (íwedeną́) - go out of the way to help ► i-we-bde-maⁿ (íwebdemą́) - I, i-we-te-naⁿ (íwetteną́) - you

out, hire oneself out

► di-zho (dižó) - work, hire oneself out ► bdi-zho (bdížo) - I, ti-zho (ttížo) - you

► Dhegiha: wa-shi (wa-cí) - one who is employed; to pay one for work; to employ a person; to ask one to do something for another [JOD-Omaha]; wa-shi (wa-shí) - a hireling, a person serving for hire with pay or the equivalent; to employ one to run on an errand or to do some work [FL-Osage]; wa-shi (waší) - hired person, worker, employee, hired hand; hire, employ, ask a favor of someone, prevail upon someone to do something, ask someone to help out [CQ-Osage]

out, ladle out

► ka-te (katté) - dip or ladle out, as food ► a-te (átte) - I, da-te (date) - you

► cf. ni-da-ta-iⁿ-yaⁿ ka-tʰe (nidáttąiyą́ katʰé) - ladle out with a cup

► Dhegiha: ga-ʰtse (ga-ṭsé) - to skim, to skim grease off the surface of water in a kettle [FL-Osage]; ga-tse (gacé) - skim a liquid, skim grease [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: i-ga-ʰtse (í-ga-ṭse) - an implement for skimming grease from food that is cooking [FL-Osage]; o-yo-ga-tse (oyógace) - skim a liquid with an instrument [Kaw]

► ni-da-taⁿ-i-yaⁿ ka-tʰe (nidáttąiyą́ katʰé) - ladle out with a cup

► cf. ni i-da-taⁿ (ni ídattą́) - cup, “with which to drink water” [MS]; i-aⁿ (ią́), i-yaⁿ (iyą́) - with, by means of, “i + ʔǫ”; ka-te (katté) - dip or ladle out, as food

► Dhegiha: ni i-tha-toⁿ (ni ithatoⁿ) - cup [Omaha]; ni i-tha-ʰtoⁿ (ní i-tha-ṭoⁿ) - cup, mug, drinking glass, drinking cup, tankard, dipper [FL-Osage]; ni i-tha-ʰtaⁿ (níiðaaʰtą) - dipper, lsdle, lit., ‘with which to drink water’ [CQ-Osage]; zhaⁿ ni i-ya-taⁿ (zháⁿni iyátaⁿ) - dipper, cup made of wood [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ga-ʰtse (ga-ṭsé) - to skim, to skim grease off the surface of water in a kettle [FL-Osage]; ga-tse (gacé) - skim a liquid, skim grease [Kaw]

out, lay out

► k’aⁿ-he (kʔą́he) - lay something down, to lay out

► cf. a-k’oⁿ-he (ákʔǫhe), a-k’aⁿ-he (ákʔąhe) - put a horizontal inanimate object on a surface; a-ki-k’oⁿ-he i-tʰe-de (ákkikʔǫ́he itʰéde) - put horizontal (lying) things in a pile, here the first verb denotes the horizontality of the objects and the second the perpendicularity of the pile; o-k’oⁿ-he (okʔǫ́he) - put a long object in something

► ex: ka-ti-ti-ze aⁿ-taⁿ ki-k’aⁿ-he (kattíttize ą́ttaⁿ kíkʔąhé) - when he swept away/cleared a spot, he put it down (his own item) [JOD]

► ex: ka-ti-ti-ze ki-ha naⁿ we-da-ba-zo ki-k’oⁿ-he (kattittíze kihá ną wédabázo kíkʔǫhe) - when he finished clearing a spot, he placed the index finger down [JOD]

► Dhegiha: zhe-’oⁿ-he (zhé’oⁿhe) - roast, to place a long object, such as an ear of corn, in front of the fire to roast [Omaha/Ponca]; k’oⁿ-he (kʔǫ́he) - lay into [CQ-Osage]; k’o-he (k’óhe) - lay down an inanimate object [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: a-k’oⁿ-he (ák’oⁿhe), a-k’o-he (ák’ohe) - lay something on top of something else [Kaw]; a-ku-k’o-he (ákuk’ohe) - lay one’s own object on a surface for one’s own benefit [Kaw]; a-gu-k’o-he (águk’ohe) - lay one’s own horizontal object on a surface; lay something on surface for someone [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: u-ʰk’oⁿ-he (ú-ḳ’óⁿ-he) - to place in a scabbard, to sheathe [FL-Osage]; o-k’oⁿ-he (ok’óⁿhe), o-k’o-he (ok’óhe) - put a lying inanimate object into something, as when putting a fork or spoon into a drawer [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: o-ʰki-k’oⁿ-he (oʰkíkʔǫhe) - interrupt, lit., “insert oneself into” [CQ-Osage]

out, peeping out of the corner of the eyes in intervals

► i-shta xi-xi-te (ištá xixítte) - peeping out of the corner of the eyes at intervals [JOD]

► ex: i-shta xi-xi-te pa-xa-taⁿ a-toⁿ-we de-a-de miⁿ-kʰe (ištá xixítte ppaγ[e]á-ttą atǫ́we deáde mįkʰé) - I was peeping out of the corner of my eyes looking at him [JOD]

► ex: i-shta xi-xi-te ka-xa-taⁿ toⁿ-we de-de kaⁿ-kʰe i-ya-we (ištá xixítte kaγ[e]á-ttą tǫ́we dedé ką-kʰé iyáwe) - peeping out of the corner of the eyes in intervals-she did it-when-she looked at him-she sent it off-so she lay awhile-they say [JOD]

out, pour out

► ka-xtaⁿ (kaxtą́) - pour out, empty something ► a-xtaⁿ (áxtą) - I, da-xtaⁿ (dáxtą) - you

► cf. a-ka-xtaⁿ (ákaxtą) - pour water on, baptize; di-xtaⁿ (dixtą́) - pull at, pull over, upset; naⁿ-xtaⁿ (nąxtą́) - kick over, spill

► ex: a-shi-ti a-niⁿ a-taⁿ ka-xtaⁿ (ášitti anį́ hi áttą kaxtą́) - she took it outside and poured it out [JOD]

► ex: wa-di-si, ka-xtaⁿ, a-shi-ti aniⁿ hi a-taⁿ ka-xtaⁿ (wadisí, kaxtą́, ašítti anį́ hi attą́ kaxtą́) - throw it away, pour it out, take it outside and pour it out! [JOD]

► ex: a-shi-ti ka-xta-i ke o-ki-te a-taⁿ i-de-ki-de naⁿ da-tʰe kaⁿ-niⁿ-kʰe (ášitti kaxtąi ke okítte áttą ídekidé ną datʰé ką́-nįkʰé) - the things (food) that were poured outside, she searched for them and she found/saw them, so she sat awhile eating [JOD]

► Dhegiha: pe ni a-ga-xtoⁿ (péni agaxtoⁿ) - baptize, anoint [Omaha]; xtoⁿ (qtoⁿ) - drip, pour [Omaha/Ponca]; thi-xtoⁿ (thixtoⁿ) - drain [Omaha]; ni ga-xtoⁿ (ní-ga-xtoⁿ) - to pour water, to spill water [FL-Osage]; wa-ga-xtoⁿ (wagáxtoⁿ) - the act of pouring water [FL-Osage]; o-ka-xtaⁿ (okáxtą), o-ka-xta (okáxta) - pour or dump out [CQ-Osage]; thi-xtaⁿ (ðixtą́) - pour, draw water or run water [CQ-Osage]; ga-xtaⁿ (gaxtáⁿ) - pour out, empty out, throw out dirt [Kaw]; xtaⁿ (xtáⁿ) - leak in, drip out, empty out, spill [Kaw]

out, press out

► bi-kda (bikdá) - press out, push or blow loose ► pi-kda (ppíkda) - I, shpi-kda (špíkda) - you

► cf. bi (bi) - by pressing, rubbing; naⁿ-pe ba-kda (nąpé bakdá) - open the hand; da-kda (dakdá) - undo with the mouth, teeth; di-kda (dikdá) - undo, untie, pull loose; di-ki-kda-ha (díkkidáha) - separate, sort; di-ki-kda (dikkíkda) - open, lift off as a door/plank; ka-kda (kakdá) - sway; ka-kda-hi (kakdáhi) - stretched out; naⁿ-kda (nąkdá) - loosen; come undone, as a shoelace

► Dhegiha: gtha (gtha) - unbraided, unwoven [Omaha/Ponca]

► Dhegiha: gtha-tha (gthátha) - unbraided, unwoven, unraveled [Omaha/Ponca]; gtha-tha (gtha-tha) - to unravel [FL-Osage]; la-ya (layá) - opened out, untied, uncoiled, undone [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ba-gtha (bagthá) - to undo braided hair, plaited rope, etc. [Omaha/Ponca]

► Dhegiha: ga-gtha (ga-gthá) - untangle; to make one’s hair become undone by accident [FL-Osage]; ga-la-ya (galáya) - cause to uncoil by throwing or striking, as a spool of thread or wire; wind or other natural force to cause an object to fall and spread out (coming undone); comb out, cause hair to come undone by running a comb through, such as braids [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: thi-gtha-tha (thi-gthá-tha) - to unravel, unbraid [FL-Osage]; yu-la-ya (yuláya) - open out, spread out, as the hand; pull open or separate, as the leaves of a book, by turning with the hand; open out, spread out, as the hand [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: thi-gtha-wa (thi-gthá-wa) - to stretch a rope, to stretch [FL-Osage]; thu-la-wa (ðuuláwa) - spread, spread out (e.g., a tarpaulin, a blanket, corn to be dried) [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: naⁿ-la-ya (naⁿláya) - to come undone, as a moccasin string; straighten with the foot, as a crooked stick [Kaw]

out, pull or pluck out

► o-ka-shte (okášte) - pull out, pluck grass, hair ► o-a-ka-shte (oákašte) - I, o-da-ka-shte (odákašte) - you

out, pull out one’s own

► kdi-sti-te (kdístitte) - pull out one’s own (bow, etc.) ► a-kdi-sti-te (akdístitte) - I, da-kdi-sti-te (dakdístitte) - you

► cf. kdi-sti-sti-te (kdístistítte) - pull out one’s own repeatedly, as arrows from a quiver; di-sti-te (distítte) - pull out, pull open, to milk; ma-ze-ni di-sti-te (mazéni distítte) - to milk an animal

► Dhegiha: gthi-sniⁿ-de (g¢ísninde) - pulled his out [JOD-Omaha]

► kdi-sti-sti-te (kdístistítte) - pull out one’s own repeatedly, as arrows from a quiver ► a-kdi-sti-sti-te akdístistítte) - I, da-kdi-sti-sti-te (dakdístistitte) - you

► cf. kdi-sti-te (kdístitte) - pull out one’s own (bow, etc.); di-sti-te (distítte) - pull out, pull open, to milk; ma-ze-ni di-sti-te (mazéni distítte) - to milk an animal

► Dhegiha: gthi-sniⁿ-sniⁿ-de (g¢ísniⁿsnińde) - pulled out several off his own [JOD-Omaha]

out, pull up and out of

► a-shi ki-knaⁿ (áši kikną́) - pull up out of; pull something out of water, mud, a hole, etc. ► a-shi a-knaⁿ (áši ákną) - I, a-shi da-knaⁿ (áši dákną) - you, a-shi oⁿ-knaⁿ-we (áši ǫ́knąwe) - we

► cf. a-shi (áši) - over, on top of, on, over; knaⁿ (kną), kdaⁿ (kdą) - set or put

► Dhegiha: gi-laⁿ (gílaⁿ) - replace a sitting inanimate object [Kaw]

out, push out into the open

► bi-naⁿ-pe (biną́pe) - push out into the open ► pi-naⁿ-pe (ppínąpe) - I, shpi-naⁿ-pe (špínąpe) - you

► cf. bi (bi) - by pressing, rubbing; ba-naⁿ-pe (baną́pe) - push into view; di-naⁿ-pe (diną́pe) - cause to appear, show; ka-naⁿ-pe (kaną́pe) - uncover, unearth; naⁿ-naⁿ-pe (nąną́pe) - scuff into view with the feet; mi wa-e-naⁿ-pe (mi wáeną́pe) - sunrise, “sun appears, comes into view”

► Dhegiha: e-thoⁿ-be (é-thoⁿ-be) - rises and appears [FL-Osage]; hi-thoⁿ-be (hí-thoⁿ-be) - to be exposed [FL-Osage]; i-thoⁿ-be (í-thoⁿ-be) - to appear, come into site [FL-Osage]; i-thoⁿ-pe (íðǫpe) - appear [CQ-Osage]; i-yoⁿ-be (íyoⁿbe) - appear, come into view, rise, emerge, as from water [Kaw]

out, scare or flush out

► ba-zhi de-de (baží déde) - scare out, flush out ► pa-zhi de-a-de (ppáži déade) - I, shpa-zhi de-da-de (špáži dédade) - you

► cf. ba-zhi (baží) - drive something or someone off; de-de (déde) - sent away, causative of go; naⁿ-zhi-we (nąžíwe) - drive, flush out with the feet

► ex: wa-ba-zhi (wábaží) - drive them off [MS, FR]

► Dhegiha: ba-si (basí) - to drive one animal [Omaha/Ponca]; ba-si (ba-çí) - to drive away [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: ga-zhiⁿ (ga-zhíⁿ) - to drive a team of horses or an automobile [FL-Osage]; ka-zhi (kaaží), ka-zhiⁿ (kaažį́) - drive a vehicle, herd animals; make or force someone to do something, commnd someone to do something; blow with force [CQ-Osage]; ga-zhiⁿ (gazhíⁿ) - whip, drive a horse; blow to nose [Kaw]

out, scratch or brush out

► di-kdi-kdi-da (dikdíkdida) - scratch out, brush out as animals

out, second-hand but not worn out

► a-di-xdi-ke (ádixdíke) - worn, well worn; soiled from use; second-hand but not worn out

► cf. di-xdi-ke (dixdíke) - worn, soiled, second hand

► Dhegiha: thi-xthi-ge (thi-xthí-ge) - old, worn out [FL-Osage]; wa-thi-xthi-ge (wa-thí-xthi-ge) - worn, faded, secondhand goods [FL-Osage]

out, smooth out

► ka-sto-de (kastóde) - smooth out, as feathers ► a-sto-de (ástode) - I, da-sto-de (dástode) - you

► cf. di-sto-de (distóde) - flatten from pulling something

out, spill out and scatter

► a-da-hi o-a-ze ka-xe (ádahi oáze káγe) - spill out and scatter

out, spread out

► di-xa-taⁿ (dixattą́), di-xa-tʰaⁿ (dixatʰą́) - spread out, as a turkey’s tail

► cf. di-xa-ta (diγáttą) - stretch apart

out, spread out one object on another

► a-di-bda (ádibda) - spread out one object on another, as a robe on a horse or a table cloth on a table ► a-bdi-bda (ábdibda) - I, a-ti-bda (áttibda) - you, oⁿ-ka-di-bda-we (ǫkádibdáwe) - we

► cf. a (a) - on, upon; di-bda (dibdá) - pull apart, separate

► Dhegiha: u-zhoⁿ a-thi-btha (uzhoⁿ athibtha) - cover [Omaha]; wa-tha-te a-thi-btha (wathate athibtha) - table cloth [Omaha]; a-thi-btha (á-thi-btha) - spread oilcloth [FL-Osage]; a-thu-bra (áðubra), a-thi-bra (áðibra) - spread upon, spread over [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: thi-btha (thibtha) - unfold [Omaha]; thi-btha (thi-bthá) - to spread a robe or blanket [FL-Osage]; thi-bra (ðíbra), thu-bra (ðúbra) - spread, spread out, as a cloth [CQ-Osage]; yu-bla (yublá) - spread out or hang up to dry, corn, clothes [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: btha (b¢a) - open, spread out [JOD-Omaha]; btha (btha) - to open, to spread out; to be opened or spread out [Omaha/Ponca]; bla (bla) - spread out, as dishes on the table [Kaw]

out, stretch hand out to someone

► da-ki-a-tiⁿ (dakkiattį́) - hand, stretch out to someone

► cf. noⁿ-pe da-ki-a-ti (nǫpé dakkiattį́) - extend the arm towards person

out, stretch out on something

► a-ka-zi (ákazi) - stretch out on something

► ex: a-ka-zi i-he a-taⁿ di-ze (ákazi íhe áttą dizé) - to stretch out on an object and take something else

► ex: a-ka-zi i-he a-zhaⁿ-taⁿ bdi-ze (ákazi íhe ažą́ttą bdizé) - I stretch, etc.

► Dhegiha: ki-gtha-zi (kigtházi) - stretch, to stretch; stretch one’s arms upward [Omaha/Ponca]; ʰki-gtha-zi (ḳi-gthá-çi) - to stretch oneself [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: thi-zi (thizi) - stretch [Omaha]; thi-zi-tha (thi-çí-tha) - to stretch, as distend [FL-Osage]; thi-zi-the (ðiiziðe) - stretch [CQ-Osage]

out, stretched out

► ka-kda-hi (kakdáhi) - stretched out

► cf. naⁿ-pe ba-kda (nąpé bakdá) - open the hand; bi-kda (bikdá) - press out, push/blow loose; da-kda (dakdá) - undo with the mouth, teeth; di-kda (dikdá) - undo, untie, pull loose; di-ki-kda-ha (díkkidáha) - separate, sort; di-ki-kda (dikkíkda) - open, lift off as a door/plank; ka-kda (kakdá) - sway; naⁿ-kda (nąkdá) - loosen; come undone, as a shoelace

► Dhegiha: ga-gtha (ga-gthá) - untangle; to make one’s hair become undone by accident [FL-Osage]; ga-la-ya (galáya) - cause to uncoil by throwing or striking, as a spool of thread or wire; wind or other natural force to cause an object to fall and spread out (coming undone); comb out, cause hair to come undone by running a comb through, such as braids [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: gtha (gtha) - unbraided, unwoven [Omaha/Ponca]

► Dhegiha: gtha-tha (gthátha) - unbraided, unwoven, unraveled [Omaha/Ponca]; gtha-tha (gtha-tha) - to unravel [FL-Osage]; la-ya (layá) - opened out, untied, uncoiled, undone [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ba-gtha (bagthá) - to undo braided hair, plaited rope, etc. [Omaha/Ponca]

► Dhegiha: thi-gtha-tha (thi-gthá-tha) - to unravel, unbraid [FL-Osage]; yu-la-ya (yuláya) - open out, spread out, as the hand; pull open or separate, as the leaves of a book, by turning with the hand; open out, spread out, as the hand [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: thi-gtha-wa (thi-gthá-wa) - to stretch a rope, to stretch [FL-Osage]; thu-la-wa (ðuuláwa) - spread, spread out (e.g., a tarpaulin, a blanket, corn to be dried) [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: naⁿ-la-ya (naⁿláya) - to come undone, as a moccasin string; straighten with the foot, as a crooked stick [Kaw]

out, sweep out one’s house

► kda-ti-ze (kdattíze) - sweep out one’s house ► a-kda-ti-ze (akdáttize) - I, da-kda-ti-ze (dakdáttize) - you

► cf. i-ti-ze (íttize) - clean out the house; we-ka-ti-ze (wékattíze) - broom; ka-ti-ze (kattíze), ka-tʰi-ze (katʰíze) - knock, sweep, brush away; ba-ti-ze (battíze), ba-tʰi-ze (batʰíze) - move something by pushing; bi-ti-ze (bittíze) - move something by pressing/blowing; di-ti-ze (dittíze) - move by pulling something; i-ki-ti-ze (íkittize) - leave, abandon one’s own; ki-pa-ti-ze (kíppattíze) - move one's possession by pushing; ki-kdi-ti-ze (kkíkdittíze) - move something for one’s own benefit; naⁿ-ti-ze (nąttíze) - kick along, move something with feet; po-ti-ze (póttize), po-tʰi-ze (pótʰize) - move something by punch-/shooting

► Dhegiha: thi-dsi-ze (thi-dsí-çe) - remove from office (strictly speaking means ‘remove’ only, no mention of office [FL-Osage]; thi-tsi-ze (ðicíze) - dust or clean e.g., the house, move, remove, take away [CQ-Osage]

out, take out a piece of something

► di-he-pe (dihepé) - take out a piece of something ► bdi-he-pe (bdíhepe) - I, ti-he-pe (ttíhepe) - you

► cf. he-be (hébe), he-pe (hépe) - piece, part

► Dhegiha: thi-he-be (thi hebe) - decrease [Omaha]

► Dhegiha: he-be (hébe) - partial; to be a part, piece, or portion of something [Omaha/Ponca]; he-be (hebe) - piece, part [Omaha]; he-be (hé-be) - a piece, a part, portion [FL-Osage]; he-pe (hépe) - a small amount, approximately half a container; piece, part, some, a bit; he-be zhiⁿ-ga (hébe zhìⁿga) - little bit [Kaw]

out, throw it out or away

► wa-di-si (wadisí) - throw it away, lit. “do not save it” [JOD]

► ex: wa-di-si, e-zhi o-do-hi pa-xe te (wadisí, éži odóhi ppáγe tte) - throw it out, I’ll come up with something different’ (JOD)]

► ex: wa-di-si, ka-xtaⁿ, a-shi-ti aniⁿ hi a-taⁿ ka-xtaⁿ (wadisí, kaxtą́, ašítti anį́ hi attą́ kaxtą́) - throw it away, pour it out, take it outside and pour it out! [JOD]

out, toes turned out

► si o-bda-k’oⁿ (si óbdakʔǫ) - splayfooted, toes turned out ► si o-a-bda-k’oⁿ (si óabdakʔǫ) - I, si o-da-bda-k’oⁿ (si ódabdakʔǫ) - you

► cf. si (si) - foot

► Dhegiha: (çi btha-ḳ’a) - web-footed [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: btha (btha) - to open, to spread out; to be opened or spread out [Omaha/Ponca]; bla (bla) - spread out, as dishes on the table [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: btha-ʰk’a (bthá-ḳ’a) - flat board [FL-Osage]; bra-k’a (brákʔa) - flat [CQ-Osage]; bla-k’a (blák’a) - flat on the surface, as boards [Kaw]

out, watch out for

► a-ki-toⁿ-we (ákkittǫ́we) - watch out for, beware of, take great care of, refrain from ► a-a-ki-toⁿ-we (áakkittǫ́we) - I, a-da-ki-toⁿ-we (ádakkittǫ́we) - you, oⁿ-ka-ki-toⁿ-wa-we (ǫ́kakkittǫwawe) - we

► cf. toⁿ-we (tǫ́we), taⁿ-we (tą́we) - look at something; a-taⁿ-we (átąwe), (áttąwe) - look upon; o-ki-toⁿ-we (ókittǫ́we) - depend on someone; o-toⁿ-we (otǫ́we) - look at singular/animate/object; o-toⁿ-we (ótǫwe) - look at plural/animate/objects; wa-ki-toⁿ-we (wakíttǫwe) - scout for someone; wa-toⁿ-we (watǫ́we) - scout, reconnoiter; wa-toⁿ-we de (watǫ́we dé) - go as a scout, reconnoitre

► ex: a-ki-toⁿ-wa (ákkittǫwá) - take care!

► ex: shi-zhi-ka a-ki-toⁿ-wa (šížika ákkittǫwá) - take great care of the infant!

► Dhegiha: a-gi-doⁿ-be (á-gi-doⁿ-be) - watches over whatever is his own [FL-Osage]; a-ʰki-ʰtoⁿ-be (á-ḳi-ṭoⁿ-be) - discreet, to guard one’s self against trouble [FL-Osage]; a-ki-toⁿ-pe (ákitǫpe) - watch over, tend someone who is not a family member or not close [CQ-Osage]; a-ki-ʰtoⁿ-pe (ákiʰtǫpe) - watch over, look after, look at one’s own things or people, watch over, look after, look at one’s own [CQ-Osage]; a-ʰki-ʰtoⁿ-pe (áʰkiʰtǫpe) - watch over oneself, watch oneself, look at oneself, look after oneself, watch over each other, watch over things for oneself, watch over one’s own things [CQ-Osage]; a-gi-doⁿ-be (ágidoⁿbe) - look at something, examine something, watchover [Kaw]; a-ki-toⁿ-be (ákitoⁿbe) - see for oneself, look at an object closely to understand for oneself, to scrutinize [Kaw]

out, wear out handling

► ka-ni-ke ka-xe (kaníke káγe) - wear out handling

► cf. ka (ka) - by striking, wind, water: inner instrumental prefix; ni-ke (niké) - to have none, be lacking; ka-xe (káγe) - make, do cause

► Dhegiha: ga-yiⁿ-ge (gayíⁿge) - wear out by striking, as an ax [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: thiⁿ-ge (thiⁿgé) - lack, to lack, to not have, there is none [Omaha/Ponca]; thiⁿ-ge (thíⁿ-ge) - to have none, nothing [FL-Osage]; thiⁿ-ke (ðįįké), iⁿ-ke (įįké) - lack a thing, be devoid of, be lacking, not have something any longer, have nothing [CQ-Osage]; thiⁿ-ke (ðįké), iⁿ-ke (įké) - be none, be gone, absent, extinct, nonexistent, lacking, pass away, vanish, not, not at all [CQ-Osage]; yiⁿ-ge (yíⁿgé) - lack, none, be none, be without [Kaw]

out, wear out or away

► ba-to-ke (battóke) - wear away, wear out ► pa-to-ke (ppáttoke) - I, shpa-to-ke (špáttoke) - you

► cf. ba (ba) - by pushing; bi-to-ke (bittóke) - wear away by rubbing or file; da-to-ke (dattóke) - dull, wear the teeth, blunt; di-to-ke (dittóke) - dull, blunt a tool; ka-to-ke (kattóke) - wear down by striking, to dull; naⁿ-to-ke (nąttóke) - wear down by walking, as shoes; pa-to-ke (páttoke) - wear away a knife blade; po-to-ke (póttoke) - dull by punching, as a spear

outrage

► e (e) - fie!; express disgust, disapproval, or outrage [JOD]

outside of (an enclosure)

► a-shi-oⁿ-he (ášiǫhe) - outside of (an enclosure)

► ex: te-ska a-shi-oⁿ-he tʰaⁿ a-niⁿ-ki (ttéska ášiǫhé tʰą anį́kí) - bring the ox standing outside (the fence) here

outside, to go out side

► a-shi-ti de (ašítti dé) - to go she outside ► a-shi-ti bde (ašítti bdé) - I, a-shi-ti te (ašítti tté) - you

► cf. a-shi-ti (ášitti) - outside, outdoors; de (de) - go

► ex: a-si-chi bde naⁿ-hi (ásiči bdé nąhí) - I’m going outside [OM]

► ex: a-shi-ti de (ašítti dé) - she went outside [JOD]

► Dhegiha: a-shi the (áci ¢é) - to go outside [JOD-Omaha]; a-shi the (á-shi the) - exit, to go out [FL-Osage]; a-shi the (áši ðée) - go outside [CQ-Osage]

outside, outdoors

► a-shi-ti (ášitti) - outside, outdoors

► a-shi-ti (ášitti) - outside [MS]

► a-si-chi (ásičí) - outside [OM]

► a-shi-jhi (ášiǰi) - outside [AG]

► ex: si-kde a-shi-ti i-da-de (sikdé ášitti idáde) - I saw some footprints outside my house [MS]

► ex: haⁿ-pa ho-ta-iⁿ a-shi-ti (hą́pa hóttąį ášitti) - It’s a pretty day outside [MS]

► ex: ka-te hi a-shi-ti (kkátte hi ášitti) - it’s awful hot outside [MS]

► ex: ta-ka-te a-shi-jhi (tákkatte ášiǰi) - is it hot outside? (hot outside) [AG]

► ex: ma-shte a-shi-ti (mašté ášitti) - it’s light outdoors (it’s warm outside) [MS]

► ex: a-shi sni-wa-te (áši sníwatté) - cold outside [AG]

► ex: a-shi-ti ka-xta-i ke o-ki-te a-taⁿ i-de-ki-de naⁿ da-tʰe kaⁿ-niⁿ-kʰe (ášitti kaxtąi ke okítte áttą ídekidé ną datʰé ką́-nįkʰé) - the things (food) that were poured outside, she searched for them and she found/saw them, so she sat awhile eating [JOD]

► ex: “o-ta-shti-te a-shi-ti he-saⁿ o-ki-te ni-he,” i-ke niⁿ (“otáštitétti ašítti hesą́ okítte-nihé,” iké nį) - “look for lice on yourself outside in the sunshine,” he said to her [JOD]

► ex: a-shi-ti he-saⁿ o-ki-te wa-tʰe kdi-da-ki aⁿ-taⁿ he-saⁿ t’e-wa-de kaⁿ-niⁿ-kʰe (ášitti hesą́ okítté watʰé kdídaki ą́tą hesą́ tʔéwade ką́-nįkʰé) - so she sat awhile outside, she turned down the waist of her skirt, looking for lice on herself and killing them [JOD]

► ex: a-shi-ti hi te-ti ti-zhe o-ka-ki-xe-xti zhe i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke niⁿ (ášitti hi téti ttíže okákixe-xti že iyá maštį́ke nį) - when the rabbit went outside, he defecated all around the entrance of the lodge, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ te-ti ma-shtiⁿ-ke a-shi-ti hi (hǫ téti maštį́ke ášitti hi) - when it was night, the rabbit went outside [JOD]

► ex: ni-ka-shi-ka za-ni hi a-shi-ti kda-naⁿ-we, i-ya (níkkašika zaní hi ášitti kdánąwe, iyá) - all of the people went (outside) again from the interior of the hill, it is said

► ex: k’iⁿ kʰi-taⁿ a-shi-ti i-tʰe-de naⁿ, i-ya (kʔį́ kʰíttą ášitti itʰéde ną, iyá) - when he reached home carrying (the meat) on his back, he piled it outside (the lodge), it is said

► Dhegiha: a-shi-a-di (áshiádi) - outside of that place, elsewhere, not here [Omaha/Ponca]; a-shi-a-di (áciadi) - on the outside [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: a-shi-a-ta (áshiatá) - outside, outdoors [Omaha/Ponca]; a-shi-a-ta (ashíata) - outdoor [Omaha]; a-shi-a-ta (áciaʇa) - outside, outside of the lodge [JOD-Omaha]; a-shi-ʰta (á-shi-ṭa) - outside [FL-Osage]; a-shi-ʰta (ášiʰta) - outside, outdoors [CQ-Osage]; a-shi-ta (áshita) - outside, outdoors [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: a-shi (áshi) - out, outside of the house [Omaha/Ponca]; a-shi (áci) - outside [JOD-Omaha]; a-shi (áši) - outside, outdoors [CQ-Osage]

outside, to take outside

► a-shi-ti a-niⁿ hi (ášitti anį́ hi) - to take outside

► cf. a-shi-ti (ášitti) - outside, outdoors; a-niⁿ (anį́) - have, keep; hi (hi) - arrive, reach there

► ex: a-shi-ti a-niⁿ a-taⁿ ka-xtaⁿ (ášitti anį́ hi áttą kaxtą́) - she took it outside and poured it out [JOD]

► ex: wa-di-si, ka-xtaⁿ, a-shi-ti aniⁿ hi a-taⁿ ka-xtaⁿ (wadisí, kaxtą́, ašítti anį́ hi attą́ kaxtą́) - throw it away, pour it out, take it outside and pour it out! [JOD]

► Dhegiha: a-thiⁿ hi (a-thíⁿ hi) - to reach a place with some object; deliver [FL-Osage]; a-thiⁿ hi (aðį́hi), a-thiⁿ-a-hi (aðį́ahi) - take there, bring there, deliver [CQ-Osage]

outside, went outside

► a-shi-ti hi (ášitti hi) - went outside ► a-shi-ti pʰi (ášitti pʰi) - I, a-shi-ti shi (ášitti ši) - you

► cf. a-shi-ti (ášitti) - outside, outdoors; hi (hi) - arrive, reach there, have been

► ex: ka-sa-ni-a-ti e zhiⁿ-ka tʰaⁿ a-shi-ti hi, i-ya-we (kásaniáti e žįká tʰą ášitti hí, iyáwe) - the next morning, the little/young one went outside, they said [JOD]

► ex: a-shi-ti hi o-taⁿ-ka hi taⁿ ma-shtiⁿ-ke t’e-de i-ya wa-sa (ášitti hi otąka hi tą maštį́ke tʔede iyá wasá) - just as soon as the black bear went outside, the rabbit killed him, (shot the black bear, giving him a fatal wound) it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ, a-shi-ti hi, i-ya, wa-sa niⁿ (kóišǫ́ttą, ášitti hí, iyá, wasá nį) - thus, the black bear went outside, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: a-shi-ti hi te-ti ti-zhe o-ka-ki-xe-xti zhe i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke niⁿ (ášitti hi téti ttíže okákixe-xti že iyá maštį́ke nį) - when the rabbit went outside, he defecated all around the entrance of the lodge, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: a-shi-ti hi (ášitti hi) - he arrived outside

► ex: wa-sa za-ni hi a-shi-ti hi-we, i-ya (wasá zaní hi ášitti híwe, iyá) - all of the black bears came outside, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► Dhegiha: hi (hi) - to have been there, reached there [Omaha/Ponca]; hi (hí) - to arrive [JOD-Omaha]; a-hi (ahi) - approach, arrive there [Omaha]; hi (hi) - to be arriving at a place [FL-Osage]; a-hi (ahí) - he has been to [FL-Osage]; hi (hí), a-hi (ahí) - go there, motion accomplished, come there, arrive there, be there, be in attendance, stop in, go by, come by, become, begin to, start to [CQ-Osage]; (hi) - arrive, reach there [Kaw]

over and over, again, repeatedly

► shi-naⁿ (šíną), shi-noⁿ (šínǫ) - again, over and over, repeatedly

► shi-naⁿ (šíną), (šiną́) - again [JOD]

► cf. shi (ši) - again, and, also; naⁿ (ną), noⁿ (nǫ) - habitual postclitic

► ex: shi-noⁿ di-sh’a (šínǫ dišʔá) - he failed again [JOD]

► ex: shi-naⁿ wa-zhiⁿ-ka t’e-da-de naⁿ-haⁿ wi-bdi-ze a-maⁿ-bdiⁿ te a-shi-aⁿ-he (šiną́ wažį́ka tʔédade nąhą́ wibdíze amą́bdį tte ášią́he) - if you kill a bird again, I’ll walk behind and get it for you [JOD]

► ex: shi-naⁿ do-ti te-ka-ha ka-xe (šíną dótti tte-káha káγe) - again-to come up or forth-he made it [JOD]

► ex: ha-niⁿ hi-te shi-naⁿ de (hą́nį hítte šíną dé) - somehow he went again [JOD]

► ex: ha-ki i-da-we i-pa-haⁿ-zhi miⁿ-kʰe,” shi-naⁿ i-ke (“hakí idáwe íppahąží mįkʰé,” šíną iké) - “I don’t know where they went,” she said to him again [JOD]

► ex: shi-naⁿ miⁿ kdi-ze naⁿ (šíną mį kdizé ną) - he took one (of his own) again [JOD]

► ex: shi-naⁿ naⁿ miⁿ kdi-ze (šíną ną mį kdizé) - he took one (of his own) again [JOD]

► ex: shi-naⁿ-naⁿ i-ki-di-toⁿ o-pʰe niⁿ, i-ya-we (šiną́ną ikídittǫ opʰé nį, iyáwe) - again and again, first on one side then on the other, he was paddling, they said [JOD]

► ex: i-ki-ho-shi a-ti shi-naⁿ naⁿ ta-bde de (íkihoší-áti šiną́-ną tábde dé) - after he forbade her (from eating it), he went hunting again [JOD]

► ex: shi-naⁿ ta-bde bde a-kdi naⁿ aⁿ-naⁿ-x’oⁿ-zhi hi da-tʰe niⁿ-kʰe taⁿ she-mi zhi-ka xa-ke niⁿ-kʰe (šíną tábde bdé akdí ną ą́nąxʔǫ́ži hí datʰé nįkʰé tą šémižíka γaké nįkʰé) - I went hunting again, when I came back, she had not listened to me, she was eating it and the little girl was crying [JOD]

► ex: naⁿ-zha shi-naⁿ o-niⁿ-hi a-ba-zo, i-ya-we (ną́ža šiną́ onįhí abazó, iyáwe) - then-again-directly opposite-pointed-they say [JOD]

► ex: shi-naⁿ wa-naⁿ-bde ki-ha naⁿ to k’e da-we (šiną́ waną́bde kihá ną tó kʔe dáwe) - when they finished eating, they went to dig potatoes again [JOD]

► ex: e-zhi shi-naⁿ kdi-ze (éži šiną́ kdizé) - again, he took another (a different one of his own) [JOD]

► ex: shi-naⁿ shka-te de (šínaⁿ škátte dé) - again he went to play [JOD]

► ex: shi-naⁿ shka-te bdeta-ni-he (šínaⁿ škátte bde ttaníhe) - again I will go play [JOD]

► ex: shi-naⁿ o-wa-xde (šíną ówaxde) - he overtook them again [JOD]

► ex: e-ti shi-naⁿ iⁿ-tʰiⁿ ka-ki de-da, aⁿ-naⁿ-ki-ye (étti šiną́ į́tʰį káki dedá, ąną́kiye) - throw the club/stick there, yonder again, she said to me [JOD]

► ex: ka-sa-ni-a-ti shi-naⁿ kdwe, i-ya-we (kásaniáti šíną kdáwe, iyáwe) - then in the morning, again they started for home, they say [JOD]

► ex: shi-naⁿ kdi hne (šíną kdi hné) - come back again (request) [MS]

► ex: shi-noⁿ kjhi (šínǫ kǰi) - comeback again [AG)]

► ex: jhi-e shi-noⁿ kjhi (ǰíe šínǫ kǰí) - you come back again [AG]

► ex: shi-naⁿ za-ni kdi hne (šíną zaní kdi hné) - everybody come back again (request) [MS]

► ex: shi-naⁿ o-zha kdi hne za-ni (šíną óža kdi hné zaní) - you (all) come back again and dance [MS]

► ex: shi-naⁿ aⁿ-ki-toiⁿ tʰi hne (shi-naⁿ aⁿ-ki-toiⁿ tʰi hne (šíną ąkitoį tʰi hné) - come back and see me again (request) [MS]

► ex: shi-naⁿ ka-saⁿ-niⁿ a-kdi ta miⁿ-kʰe (šíną kasą́nį akdí tta mįkʰé) - I’ll come back tomorrow [MS]

► ex: shi-noⁿ i-ta-de ta niⁿ-kʰe (šínǫ íttade tta nįkʰé) - they’re going to have another baby [AG]

► Dhegiha: shi-noⁿ (shí-noⁿ) - again and again [FL-Osage]; shi-naⁿ (šíną) - over and over, again and again, keep on, continue to do a thing [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: shi (shi) - and, and then, again [Omaha/Ponca]; shi (cǐ) - again; and [JOD-Omaha]; shi (shi) - again; and [FL-Osage]; shi (shi) - again, more [CQ-Osage]; shi (shi) - again, and; still [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: hnaⁿ (hnaⁿ) - customary [Omaha/Ponca]; noⁿ (noⁿ) - usually, customarily [FL-Osage]; naⁿ (ną), noⁿ (nǫ) - always, repeatedly, habitually, customarily, usually, recurringly, continually, continue to, used to [CQ-Osage]; hnaⁿ (hnaⁿ) - habitual aspect; usually; always generally; used to, it used to be so [Kaw]

over and over, roll something over and over

► o-di-taⁿ-taⁿ-da (odíttąttą́da) - roll something over and over ► o-bdi-taⁿ-taⁿ-da (obdíttąttą́da) - I, o-ti-taⁿ-taⁿ-da (ottíttąttą́da) - you

► cf. o-di (odí) action by pulling; o-di-taⁿ-da (odíttąda) - turn something, pull around; zhaⁿ-di-taⁿ-da (žą́dittą́da) - wagon, “running wood”; zhaⁿ o-di-taⁿ-da (žą ódittą́da) - wagon, cart; o-bi-taⁿ-taⁿ-da (obíttąttą́da) - roll something repeatedly in something; iⁿ-kde o-ba-toⁿ-da (įkdé obáttǫda) - tumble bug, “dung roller”; o-ka-toⁿ-ta (okáttǫta) - wheel

► Dhegiha: u-thi-ʰtoⁿ-tha (u-thí-ṭoⁿ-tha) - anything propelled by rolling: a wagon, buggy; a carriage; anything that is controlled [FL-Osage]; o-thi-ʰtaⁿ (oðíʰtą) - car, wagon, describes a rolling motion [CQ-Osage]; o-yu-taⁿ-ya (oyútaⁿya), (óyutaⁿya) - wagon, cart [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: thi-ʰtoⁿ-tha (thi-ṭóⁿ-tha) - to roll [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: ʰtoⁿ-tha (ṭoⁿ-tha) - rolling, to roll or make run [FL-Osage]; ʰtaⁿ-tha (ʰtą́ąða) - roll, rolling [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: u-ga-toⁿ-toⁿ-tha (uga toⁿtoⁿtha) - tumble [Omaha]; o-ga-ʰtoⁿ-tha (o-ga-ṭoⁿ-tha) - sent rolling upon the ground [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: u-ba-ʰtoⁿ-tha (u-bá-ṭoⁿ-tha) - to roll, as a heavy object [FL-Osage]; o-ba-taⁿ-ya (obátaⁿya) - roll something, roll something over, to roll something, to roll an object over by pushing, said of the act of the tumblebug and kindred beetles in making balls of manure [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: u-bi-taⁿ-taⁿ-tha (u-bí-t͓aⁿ-t͓áⁿ-¢a) - to bear or lean against a heavy log, etc., making it roll over and over [Omaha/Ponca]; bi-ʰtoⁿ-tha (bi-ṭoⁿ-tha) - rolling [FL-Osage]; we-bi-ʰtoⁿ-tha (wé-bi-ṭoⁿ-tha) - a rolling pin [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: u-ʰki-pa-ʰtoⁿ-tha (u-ḳi-pa-ṭoⁿ-tha) - to roll over and over [FL-Osage]; u-ki-pa-taⁿ (ukípatáⁿ) - rolled himself over [JOD-Omaha]; be-taⁿ-taⁿ (betáⁿtaⁿ) - rolled up several times [JOD-Omaha]; bu-ʰtoⁿ-tha (bu-ṭóⁿ-tha) - to shoot and send rolling [FL-Osage]

over there on the opposite side

► i-ka-xa-ta koi-ta (íkaxátta kóitta) - over there on the opposite side

► cf. i-ka-xa-ta (íkaxátta) - on the opposite side of something; ka-xa (kaxá) - to outdistance, surpass, excel, exceed, go ahead or beyond a person or place, outrun, outstrip, beat someone in a race, get the better of; ta (tta) - to, at, toward, in that direction; koi-ta (kóitta) - there, in that place; koi (kói) - there, that; ta (tta) - to, at, toward, in that direction

► ex: i-ka-xa-ta koi-ta (íkaxátta kóitta) - on the opposite side of the lodge/in that place [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ-tʰaⁿ-hi, “i-ka-xa-ta koi-ta kniⁿ,” i-yi i-ya wa-sa niⁿ-kʰe (hǫ́tʰąhi, “íkaxátta kóitta knį́,” iyí iyá wasá niⁿkʰe) - then the black bear said, “sit over there on the other side of the lodge,” they said [JOD]

over there, beyond, yonder

► koi-ke (kóike) - those remote plural/standing/visible/animate

► koi-ke (kóike) - yonder ones [JOD-Omaha]

► cf. koi (kói) - there, that; ke (ke) - the plural/standing/animate or plural/standing/inanimate

► ex: ti koi-ke (tti kóike) - lodge/yonder ones [JOD]

► ex: ti koi-ke, ni-xi-te ni-ka-we (tti kóike, niγítte nikáwe) - those lodges over there, those people are disobedient [JOD]

► koi-hi-de-niⁿ-kʰe ti (kóihidénįkʰe tti) - that remote singular/sitting/visible/at, by, in, locative

► koi-hi-de-niⁿ-kʰe ti (kóihidénįkʰe tti) - at yonder distant visible place [JOD-Omaha]

► cf. koi (kói) - there, that; niⁿ-kʰe (nįkʰe) - the singular/sitting/animate or inanimate; continuative aux. sitting; ti (tti) - at, by, in, locative

► ex: wa-sa ka-hi-ke niⁿ-kʰe a-ni koi-hi-de-niⁿ-kʰe ti ti-kde niⁿ-kʰe (wasá kahíke niⁿkʰe áni kóihidénįkʰe tti ttikdé nįkʰe) - the black bear chief dwells in a lodge beyond yonder distant bluff [JOD]

over there, how do you get over there

► ha-ki-wa-de-de (hákiwadede) - how do you get over there?, which road, how do you go? [MS]

► cf. ha-ki (háki) - where; ha-ki-de-de (hákidede) - where, which direction; ha-ki-de-de-tʰaⁿ (hákidedétʰą) - where from, from whatever place; ha-ki-tʰaⁿ (hakítʰą) - from whatever place; ha-ki e-hi-te (hakí ehitté) - anywhere, where+soever [JOD]; ha-ke hi-te (haké hitté), ha-ke i-te (haké itté) - wherever, anywhere

over there, thither, in that direction

► e-ta-ha (ettahá) - over there [JOD]

► cf. e-ta (etta) - there [JOD]; ta (tta) - to, at, toward, in that direction

► Dhegiha: e-ta-ha (e-t͓á-ha) - in that direction, thitherward [JOD-Omaha]; e-ʰta-ha (ée ʰtáha) - in the direction of, toward that direction, over there, along that way [CQ-Osage]; e-ta-ha (étaha), (etáha) - there, over there, thither [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: e-ta (ĕ́ʇa) - there [JOD-Omaha]; e-ʰta (e-ṭá) - thitherward; toward the person [FL-Osage]; e-ta (éta) - there, towards that place [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ʰta-ha (ṭa ha) - toward FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: ta (-ta) - at, to [Omaha/Ponca]; ta (-ta) - suffix of position or of motion to a place; at; to [JOD-Omaha]; ʰta (ṭa) - in that direction [FL-Osage]; ʰta (ʰta) - toward, in the direction of, from, into [CQ-Osage]; ta (-ta) - in, at, towards: locative added to nouns or adverbs to create an adverb [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ha (ha) - termination of direction, used with verbs of motion; in different ways or places; so mnay in each place [JOD-Omaha]; ha (ha) - through (direction), along a path, in a direction, by way of; from [CQ-Osage]

over there, yonder

► ko-ta (kóta) - over there, on that side of, on the other side, beyond, yonder, farther off, farther over there, ahead

► ex: ko-ta-ha (kótaha) - that yonder, that over there

► ex: ko-ta-niⁿ (kótanį) - that singular/moving/animate over there

► ex: ko-ta-niⁿ-kʰe (kótanįkʰe) - that singular/sitting/animate, yonder

► ex: ko-ta-tʰaⁿ (kótatʰą) - that singular/standing/animate, yonder

► ex: ko-ta te-ta i-di-shaⁿ (kóta ttétta ídišą) - on that side of

► ex: ko-ta-de-de-niⁿ (kótadédenį́) - that departed singular/moving/animate, yonder

► ex: ko-ta-de-de-tʰaⁿ (kótadédetʰą́) - that departed singular/standing/animate, yonder

► Dhegiha: gu-da (gúda), gu-a (gúa) - on that side of, beyond (a person or place), yonder, farther off [JOD-Omaha]; go-da (gó-da) - ahead [FL-Osage]; ko-ta (kootá) - farther over there, beyond, on the other side of something [CQ-Osage]; ko-ta (kóota) - that yonder, that (person or thing) over there (beyond speaker or hearer); the farther one in space or time [CQ-Osage]; go-da (góda) - yonder [Kaw]

► ko-ta-ha (kótaha) - that yonder, that over there

► ko-ta-ha (kőtőhah) - that, which, who (qui) [GI]

► cf. ko-ha (kóha) - in that direction [JOD]; ta (tta) - to, at, toward, in that direction

► Dhegiha: ko-ta-ha (kootáha) - (to/from) farther away (in space); farther back, farther ahead (in space or time); beyond; the next to last, the one before last; the one after next, the one past the next [CQ-Osage]; go-da-ha (gódaha) - over there, thither [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: gu-da (gúda), gu-a (gúa) - on that side of, beyond (a person or place), yonder, farther off [JOD-Omaha]; go-da (gó-da) - ahead [FL-Osage]; ko-ta (kootá) - farther over there, beyond, on the other side of something [CQ-Osage]; ko-ta (kóota) - that yonder, that (person or thing) over there (beyond speaker or hearer); the farther one in space or time [CQ-Osage]; go-da (góda) - yonder [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: go (go) - there, yonder: distal prefix of relative location; on the other side; on the far side; that distant person or object [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ta (-ta) - at, to [Omaha/Ponca]; ta (-ta) - suffix of position or of motion to a place; at; to [JOD-Omaha]; ʰta (ṭa) - in that direction [FL-Osage]; ʰta (ʰta) - toward, in the direction of, from, into [CQ-Osage]; ta (-ta) - in, at, towards: locative added to nouns or adverbs to create an adverb [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ha (ha) - termination of direction, used with verbs of motion; in different ways or places; so mnay in each place [JOD-Omaha]; ha (ha) - through (direction), along a path, in a direction, by way of; from [CQ-Osage]

► ko-ta-de-de-niⁿ (kótadédenį́) - that departed singular/moving/animate, yonder

► cf. ko-ta-niⁿ (kótanį) - that singular/moving/animate over there; ta-de-de (-ttadéde) - towards, in the direction of; ta (tta) - to, at, toward, in that direction; de-de (déde) - sent away, causative of go; niⁿ (nį) - the singular/moving/animate; continuative aux. moving

► Dhegiha: gu-da-the-thiⁿ (gú-da-¢e-¢iⁿ), gu-a-the-thiⁿ (gú-a-¢e-¢iⁿ) - that visible one beyond or on that side of a person or place, who has started and is moving [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: gu-da-the (gúda ¢e), gu-a-the (gúa ¢e) - to go beyond [JOD-Omaha]; ko-ta the (kóota ðée) - (in the) future, future months (refers to traveling or going along in age, traveling down the road moving into the future) [CQ-Osage]; ko-ta the (kóota ðe) - that one over there (beyond speaker and hearer) [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: gu-da (gúda), gu-a (gúa) - on that side of, beyond (a person or place), yonder, farther off [JOD-Omaha]; go-da (gó-da) - ahead [FL-Osage]; ko-ta (kootá) - farther over there, beyond, on the other side of something [CQ-Osage]; ko-ta (kóota) - that yonder, that (person or thing) over there (beyond speaker or hearer); the farther one in space or time [CQ-Osage]; go-da (góda) - yonder [Kaw]

► ko-ta-de-de-tʰaⁿ (kótadédetʰą́) - that departed singular/standing/animate, yonder

► cf. ko-ta-tʰaⁿ (kótatʰą) - that singular/standing/animate, yonder; ta-de-de (-ttadéde) - towards, in the direction of; ta (tta) - to, at, toward, in that direction; de-de (déde) - sent away, causative of go; tʰaⁿ (tʰą) - the standing/animate; continuative auxiliary, singular/standing/animate

► Dhegiha: gu-da-taⁿ (gú-da-taⁿ), gu-a-taⁿ (gú-a-taⁿ) - the an. ob. std. beyond (another place) [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: gu-da-the (gúda ¢e), gu-a-the (gúa ¢e) - to go beyond [JOD-Omaha]; ko-ta the (kóota ðée) - (in the) future, future months (refers to traveling or going along in age, traveling down the road moving into the future) [CQ-Osage]; ko-ta the (kóota ðe) - that one over there (beyond speaker and hearer) [CQ-Osage]

► ko-ta-niⁿ (kótanį) - that singular/moving/animate over there

► cf. niⁿ (nį) - the singular/moving/animate; continuative aux. moving

► Dhegiha: gu-da-thiⁿ (gú-da-¢iⁿ), gu-a-thiⁿ (gú-a-¢iⁿ) - the visible an. ob. mv. beyond or on that side of a person or place [JOD-Omaha]

► ko-ta-niⁿ-kʰe (kótanįkʰe) - that singular/sitting/animate, yonder

► cf. niⁿ-kʰe (nįkʰe) - the singular/sitting/animate or inanimate

► Dhegiha: gu-da-thiⁿ-ke (gú-da-¢iñ-ké), gu-a-thiⁿ-ke (gú-a-¢iñ-ké) - the visible an. ob. st. beyond or on that side of a person or place [JOD-Omaha]; gu-da thiⁿ-shke (gú-da thiⁿ-shke) - the one sitting on the opposite side [FL-Osage]; ko-ta-iⁿ-kshe (kóotaįkšé) - that one sitting over there or yonder (beyond speaker or hearer) [CQ-Osage]; ko-ta-iⁿ-ke (kootáįke) - over there, yonder, farther than another thing, way over there, way back in thime or distance [CQ-Osage]; go-da-yiⁿ-khe (gódayiⁿkhe) - over there; yonder [Kaw]

► ko-ta-tʰaⁿ (kótatʰą) - that singular/standing/animate, yonder

► cf. tʰaⁿ (tʰą) - the standing/animate; continuative auxiliary, singular/standing/animate

► Dhegiha: gu-da-taⁿ (gú-da-taⁿ), gu-a-taⁿ (gú-a-taⁿ) - the an. ob. std. beyond (another place) [JOD-Omaha]; go-da-toⁿ (gó-da toⁿ) - that person standing yonder [FL-Osage]

over, argue over something

► a-ki-ki (ákkiki) - to dispute; argue over something such as the division of a thing ► a-a-ki-ki (áakkikí) - I, a-da-ki-ki (ádakkiki) - you

► Dhegiha: a-ki-ki (ákiki) - compete against one another; argue with each other; dispute or contest one another’s claims, play against one another; fight each other over something [Omaha/Ponca]; a-ki-ki (á-k͓i-k͓i) - to contend together for the possession of something [JOD-Omaha]; a-ki-ki (á-ki-k͓í) - to dispute, as about the division of any thing [JOD-Omaha]

over, beyond, more than

► a-ki-haⁿ (ákkihą) - more than, beyond, over

► ex: iⁿ-chʰoⁿ mi-aⁿ-ba miⁿ a-ki-haⁿ a-kniⁿ (į́čʰǫ mią́ba mį́ ákkihą aknį́) - I have now been (here) over a month

► Dhegiha: a-ki-haⁿ (á-ki-haⁿ) - beyond, more than, moreover [JOD-Omaha]; a-ʰki-hoⁿ (á-ḳi-hoⁿ) - to go beyond, to go beyond a certain place [FL-Osage]; a-ʰki-ha (áʰkiha), a-ʰki-haⁿ (áʰkihą) - beyond another thing, afterward, following, next [CQ-Osage]; a-ki-haⁿ (ákihaⁿ) - beyond, past in reference to place, in the distant past in reference to time [Kaw]

over, go or pass over

► a-pʰe (ápʰe) - go over, pass over, walk on ► a-a-pʰe (áapʰe) - I, a-da-pʰe (ádapʰe) - you

► Dhegiha: a-pshe (á-pshe) - to walk on, or to go from house to house [FL-Osage]; a-pshe (ápše) - around, pass around, give around, walk around, go around, circulate [CQ-Osage]; a-phe (áphe) - walk on something, ascend, cover over, as a lodge with skins [Kaw]

over, hang down evenly over an object

► a-ka-bniⁿ (ákabnį) - cover, hang down evenly over an object

► cf. ti-ho-kaⁿ i-da-ka-bniⁿ (ttíhokką idákabnį) - smoke hole flaps

► ex: ti-ho-kaⁿ a-ka-bniⁿ (ttíhokką ákabnį) - to close the triangular ends of the tent skins forming the smoke-hole

► Dhegiha: a-ga-bliⁿ (ágabliⁿ) - fasten the cover on something [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ti hu-ga-bthiⁿ tha (ti hugabthiⁿ tha) - smoke flaps [Omaha]

over, jump over

► a-zha-ko-i-de (ážakkóidé) - jump over something; jump and go over a stream, log, etc. ► a-a-zha-ko-i-bde (áažakkóibdé) - I, a-da-zha-ko-i-te (ádažakkóitté) - you, oⁿ-ka-zha-ko-i-da-we (ǫkážakóidawé) - we

► cf. zha-ko-i-de (žakkóide), (žakoide) - jump; zha-ka i-de (žákka íde), zha-ko-i-de (žakóide) - jump a rope; zha-ka i-naⁿ-naⁿ (žakká iną́ną), zha-ko-i-naⁿ-naⁿ (žakkoinąną) - jump, make sudden leaps; zha-ko-i-naⁿ-na ka-xe (žakkóinąną́ kaγé) - make a horse prance; a-zha-ki i-de (ážakki íde) - jump rope

over, kick over

► naⁿ-xa-da (nąxadá) - kick over, topple with the foot ► a-naⁿ-xa-da (aną́xada) - I, da-naⁿ-xa-da (daną́xada) - you

► cf. naⁿ (naⁿ) - by action of the foot; bi-xa-da (bixáda) - cause to fall of own weight; di-xa-da (dixáda) - pull over, topple, flip; ka-xa-da (kaxáda) - fell, cut down, knock down; ta-xa-da (táxadá) - topple by burning, burn down; ta-xa-da-de (táxadadé) - topple by burning away base; po-xa-da (póxada) - knock over punching, topple

► naⁿ-xtaⁿ (nąxtą́) - kick over, spill ► a-naⁿ-xtaⁿ (aną́xtą) - I, da-naⁿ-xtaⁿ (daną́xtą) - you

► cf. naⁿ (naⁿ) - by action of the foot; di-xtaⁿ (dixtą́) - pull at, pull over, upset; ka-xtaⁿ (kaxtą́) - pour out, empty something; a-ka-xtaⁿ (ákaxtą) - pour water on, baptize

► Dhegiha: xtoⁿ (qtoⁿ) - drip, pour [Omaha/Ponca]; pe ni a-ga-xtoⁿ (péni agaxtoⁿ) - baptize, anoint [Omaha]; thi-xtoⁿ (thixtoⁿ) - drain [Omaha]; xtoⁿ (xtoⁿ) - to spill, to slop over [FL-Osage]; ni ga-xtoⁿ (ní-ga-xtoⁿ) - to pour water, to spill water [FL-Osage]; wa-ga-xtoⁿ (wagáxtoⁿ) - the act of pouring water [FL-Osage]; o-ka-xtaⁿ (okáxtą), o-ka-xta (okáxta) - pour or dump out [CQ-Osage]; thi-xtaⁿ (ðixtą́) - pour, draw water or run water [CQ-Osage]; xtaⁿ (xtáⁿ) - leak in, drip out, empty out, spill [Kaw]; ba-xtaⁿ (baxtáⁿ) - spill, push over a container; to push or bump against a barrel or other vessel having water in it, forcing it over, and spilling its contents; to push or bump against a vessel and cause some of the liquid contents to be spilled without upsetting the vessel [Kaw]; ga-xtaⁿ (gaxtáⁿ) - pour out, empty out, throw out dirt [Kaw]; a-ga-xtaⁿ (ágaxtaⁿ) - powder, baby powder, lit. “spill it on” [Kaw]

over, knock over

► po-xa-da (póxada) - knock over punching, topple ► po-a-xa-da (póaxadá) - I, po-da-xa-da (pódaxáda) - you

► cf. po (po) - by shooting, blowing, punching; bi-xa-da (bixáda) - cause to fall of own weight; di-xa-da (dixáda) - pull over, topple, flip; ka-xa-da (kaxáda) - fell, cut down, knock down; naⁿ-xa-da (nąxadá) - kick over, topple with the foot; ta-xa-da (táxadá) - topple by burning, burn down; ta-xa-da-de (táxadadé) - topple by burning away base

over, left over

► o-shte (ošté) - remain, be left over ► oⁿ-shte (ǫ́šte) - I, o-di-shte (odíšte) - you

► cf. o-ka-shte (okášte) - to remain after striking [JOD]; o-po-shte (opóšte) - remain after a shooting

► ex: miⁿ-xti o-shte (mį́xti ošté) - just one remained [JOD]

► ex: de o-do-ha-ke miⁿ-xti o-shte (de odóhake mį́xti ošté) - this last one was left; this last one remained [JOD]

► ex: e-shoⁿ miⁿ-xti o-shte tʰaⁿ sh’a-taⁿ-ka do-taⁿ-ti hi (ešǫ́ mį́xti ošté tʰą šʔattą́ka dottą́tti hí) - then the one that remained went straight to the devil [JOD]

► ex: e-da-te naⁿ-hi a-kda-niⁿ o-shte (edátte nąhí akdánį ošté) - her father-only-keeping his own-remained [JOD]

► ex: wi-zhoⁿ-de wi-ti-to i-niⁿ-ha, shi-zhi-ka e-ta-we e-naⁿ-hi o-shte ke, wi-e naⁿ-hi naⁿ-haⁿ e-ti miⁿ-kʰe (wižǫ́de wittítto inįhá, šižíka ettáwe enąhí ošté ke, wíe nąhí nąhą́ ettí mįkʰé) - my elder sister and elder brother, their children are all that is left, I am the eldest [JOD]

► ex: o-wi-ki ta miⁿ-kʰe, she-to da-bniⁿ aⁿ-ki-shte, she-mi she-to aⁿ-niⁿ-ke (owikki tta mįkʰé, šétto dábnį ą́kišté, šemi šétto ąníke) - I’m going to tell you something, I only have three boys still alive (my own remaining), I have already lost (I’m lacking) a boy and a girl [MS]

► Dhegiha: u-shte (ucté) - to remain, to be left over; the remainder, the balance, the rest; remaining, remainder [JOD-Omaha]; u-shte (ushte) - remainder [Omaha]; u-shtse (u-shtsé), u-stse (u-stsé) - the rest, remainder, remained, remnant, left over [FL-Osage]; o-shtse (ošcé) - remain, be left or left over, leave (as leftovers), spare, remainder, rest, leftover [CQ-Osage]; o-shtse (óshce) - remain, be left, be left over [Kaw]

over, on top of, on

► a-shi (áši) - over, on top of, on

► a-shi (áši) - on, over [AG]

► ex: a-ni a-shi (áni áši) - up on a hill [MS]

► ex: shoⁿ-ke-a-kniⁿ a-ni a-shi tʰaⁿ, i-bniⁿ-aⁿ (šǫ́keaknį áni áši tʰą́, íbnįą́) - I think the horse is standing on the hill

► ex: iⁿ a-shi (į áši) - on the stone

► ex: ni a-shi (ni áši) - on the water

► ex: a-shi-niⁿ (ášinį) - coat, “to wear or putt on top of, wear over”

► ex: a-shi a-kde (aši akde) - to set an object on top of something else

► ex: ni kʰe a-shi de kʰe (ní kʰe áši de kʰé) - the water goes (flows) over (ice formed earlier),

► ex: pa-hi o-knaⁿ a-wa-naⁿ-bde a-shi a-a-ki-knaⁿ te (ppáhi-ókną áwanąbde áši áakikną tte) - I will put my hat on the table

► ex: pa-hi o-knaⁿ a-wa-naⁿ-bde a-shi a-a-ki-knaⁿ ta miⁿ-kʰe (ppáhi-ókną áwanąbde áši áakikną tta mįkʰé) - I will put my hat on the table

► ex: pa-hi o-knaⁿ a-wa-naⁿ-bde a-shi a-ki-knaⁿ tʰaⁿ (ppáhi-ókną áwanąbde áši ákikną tʰą) - he is putting his hat on the table

► ex: a-shi ki-knaⁿ (áši kikną́) - pull up out of; pull something out of water, mud, a hole, etc.

over, pull over

► di-ki-kda-shoⁿ (dikkíkdašǫ) - turn upside down, pull over ► bdi-ki-kda-shoⁿ (bdíkkikdašǫ) - I, ti-ki-kda-shoⁿ (ttíkkikdašǫ) - you

► cf. ki-kda-shoⁿ (kkikdášǫ), ki-kda-shaⁿ (kkikdášą) - turned upside down; ki-kda-shaⁿ zhaⁿ (kkikdášą žą́) - lie on one’s stomach

► Dhegiha: thi a-ki-gtha-shoⁿ (thi akigthashoⁿ) - turn over [Omaha]; yu-ku-la-shaⁿ (yukúlashaⁿ) - roll over, turn upside down [Kaw]

► di-xa-da (dixáda) - pull over, topple, flip ► bdi-xa-da (bdíxada) - I, ti-xa-da (ttíxada) - you

► cf. bi-xa-da (bixáda) - cause to fall of own weight; ka-xa-da (kaxáda) - fell, cut down, knock down; naⁿ-xa-da (nąxadá) - kick over, topple with the foot; ta-xa-da (táxadá) - topple by burning, burn down; ta-xa-da-de (táxadadé) - topple by burning away base; po-xa-da (póxada) - knock over punching, topple

► di-xtaⁿ (dixtą́) - pull at, pull over, upset ► bdi-xtaⁿ (bdíxtą) - I, ti-xtaⁿ (ttíxtą) - you

► cf. naⁿ (naⁿ) - by action of the foot; ka-xtaⁿ (kaxtą́) - pour out, empty something; a-ka-xtaⁿ (ákaxtą) - pour water on, baptize; naⁿ-xtaⁿ (nąxtą́) - kick over, spill

► Dhegiha: xtoⁿ (qtoⁿ) - drip, pour [Omaha/Ponca]; pe ni a-ga-xtoⁿ (péni agaxtoⁿ) - baptize, anoint [Omaha]; thi-xtoⁿ (thixtoⁿ) - drain [Omaha]; xtoⁿ (xtoⁿ) - to spill, to slop over [FL-Osage]; ni ga-xtoⁿ (ní-ga-xtoⁿ) - to pour water, to spill water [FL-Osage]; wa-ga-xtoⁿ (wagáxtoⁿ) - the act of pouring water [FL-Osage]; o-ka-xtaⁿ (okáxtą), o-ka-xta (okáxta) - pour or dump out [CQ-Osage]; thi-xtaⁿ (ðixtą́) - pour, draw water or run water [CQ-Osage]; xtaⁿ (xtáⁿ) - leak in, drip out, empty out, spill [Kaw]; ba-xtaⁿ (baxtáⁿ) - spill, push over a container; to push or bump against a barrel or other vessel having water in it, forcing it over, and spilling its contents; to push or bump against a vessel and cause some of the liquid contents to be spilled without upsetting the vessel [Kaw]; ga-xtaⁿ (gaxtáⁿ) - pour out, empty out, throw out dirt [Kaw]; a-ga-xtaⁿ (ágaxtaⁿ) - powder, baby powder, lit. “spill it on” [Kaw]

over, pull over and spill

► di-shoⁿ (dišǫ́) - pull over and spill (liquid) ► bdi-shoⁿ (bdíšǫ) - I, ti-shoⁿ (ttíšǫ) - you

► di-shaⁿ (dišą) - spill, pull over a vessel ► bdi-shaⁿ (bdíšą) - I, ti-shaⁿ (ttíšą) - you

► cf. di-shoⁿ-da (dišǫdá) - pull over and spill (liquid); di-shoⁿ-da-da (dišǫ́dadá) - pull off balance; di-shoⁿ-shoⁿ-da (dišǫšǫda) - loosen by working back/forth; di-ki-kda-shoⁿ (dikkíkdašǫ) - turn upside down, pull over; ba-shoⁿ (bašǫ́) - spill, push over and spill; naⁿ-shoⁿ (nąšǫ́) - dislocate, trip and break

► Dhegiha: thi-shoⁿ (thi-shóⁿ) - to dislocate by pulling [FL-Osage]; shaⁿ (caⁿ) - dislocated; fallen off [JOD-Omaha]; shoⁿ (shoⁿ) - dislocated, fallen, fallen off [Omaha/Ponca]; noⁿ-shoⁿ (noⁿ-shóⁿ) - to dislocate, to dislocate a joint in the leg or arm [FL-Osage]

► di-shoⁿ-da (dišǫdá) - pull over and spill (liquid) ► bdi-shoⁿ-da (bdíšǫda) - I, ti-shoⁿ-da (ttíšǫda) - you

► cf. di-shoⁿ (dišǫ́) - pull over and spill (liquid); di-shoⁿ-da-da (dišǫ́dadá) - pull off balance; di-shoⁿ-shoⁿ-da (dišǫšǫda) - loosen by working back/forth; shoⁿ-da-da (šǫ́dada) - unsteady, insecure; ba-shoⁿ-da-da (bašǫ́dada) - loosen, destabilize pushing at; di-shoⁿ-shoⁿ-da (dišǫšǫda) - loosen by working back/forth; bi-shoⁿ-da-da (bišǫ́dada) - upset, make unsteady pressing; da-shoⁿ-da-da (dašǫ́dadá) - undermine; ka-shoⁿ-da-da (kašǫ́dada) - undercut by striking, chopping; naⁿ-shoⁿ-da-da (nąšǫ́dadá) - destabilize with the foot; kick loose; pa-shoⁿ-da-da (pášǫdadá) - undercut, undermine; po-shoⁿ-da-da (póšǫdadá) - make top heavy by thrusting at; ta-shoⁿ-da-da (tášǫdadá) - top heavy, unsteady by burning; ki-kda-shoⁿ (kkikdášǫ), ki-kda-shaⁿ (kkikdášą) - turned upside down; di-ki-kda-shoⁿ (dikkíkdašǫ) - turn upside down, pull over

► Dhegiha: ba-shoⁿ-tha (ba-shóⁿ-tha) - to spill water from a vessel, either by accident or on purpose [FL-Osage]; gí-shoⁿ-tha (gí-shoⁿ-tha) - to droop or fall; to make loose; loose jointed; broken [FL-Osage]; ga-shoⁿ-tha (ga-shóⁿ-tha) - to spill water from a vessel by striking against it; jolt, as to jostle [FL-Osage]; shoⁿ-tha (shoⁿthá) - spilled; upset and spilled; tipped over and spilled [Omaha/Ponca]; tha-shoⁿ-tha (thashóⁿtha) - overturn, spill; to overturn and spill a cup suddenly while drinking from it [Omaha/Ponca]; shoⁿ-shoⁿ-tha (shoⁿshóⁿtha) - loosened, loosened in it’s socket, as a fence post or a tooth [Omaha/Ponca]; shoⁿ-shoⁿ-tha (shoⁿshoⁿtha) - loosened [Omaha]

over, pull over standing object

► a-di-kʰaⁿ i-tʰe-de (ádikʰą itʰéde) - pull over a singular/standing/inanimate object; make an upright object lean by pulling it ► a-di-kʰaⁿ i-tʰe-da-de (ádikʰą itʰédade), a-ti-kʰaⁿ i-tʰe-da-de (áttikʰą itʰédade) - you

► cf. a-kʰaⁿ i-tʰe-de (ákʰą itʰéde) - set up a movable object so that it leans against something; i-tʰe-de (itʰéde) - stand something up, singular/standing/inanimate; a-kʰaⁿ i-he-de (ákʰą ihéde) - turn and tip up as a board; a-kʰaⁿ hi-zhoⁿ (ákʰą hížǫ) - lean on someone and cause him/her to fall

► Dhegiha: a-thi-ʰkoⁿ (á-thi-ḳoⁿ) - lay on either side; to recline as when attacking [FL-Osage]; a-thi-kxaⁿ (áðiikxą) - lie down against; lean up against, recline, rest [CQ-Osage]; a-yu-khaⁿ (áyukhaⁿ) - lean on something, as a door [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: a-kaⁿ (á-kaⁿ) - leaing against [JOD-Omaha]; a-koⁿ (á-koⁿ) - to lean on a post, tree, or rock [FL-Osage]; a-kxaⁿ (áakxą) - lean up against; lie against; lie down, as to sleep or rest [CQ-Osage]; a-khaⁿ (ákhaⁿ) - lean on something [Kaw]

over, push over and spill

► ba-shoⁿ (bašǫ́) - spill, push over and spill ► pa-shoⁿ (ppášǫ) - I, shpa-shoⁿ (špášǫ) - you

► cf. ba-shoⁿ-da-da (bašǫ́dada) - loosen, destabilize pushing at; di-shoⁿ (dišǫ́), di-shaⁿ (dišą) - pull over and spill (liquid); spill, pull over a vessel; naⁿ-shoⁿ (nąšǫ́) - dislocate, trip and break

► ex: a-ba-shaⁿ (ábašą) - spilled on [JOD]

► ex: ba-shoⁿ de-da (bašǫ́ de-dá) - throw it out! [MS]

► Dhegiha: ba-shaⁿ (ba-cáⁿ) - to put out of joint, by pushing or punching; to dislocate, as an arm [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: ba-shoⁿ-tha (bashoⁿtha) - pour, dump [Omaha]; ba-shaⁿ-tha (ba-cáⁿ-¢a) - to push a vessel, cup, box, etc., causing the contents to be spilt out [JOD-Omaha]; ba-shoⁿ-tha (ba-shóⁿ-tha) - to spill water from a vessel, either by accident or on purpose [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: a-ba-shoⁿ-tha (ábashóⁿtha) - push, knock over, spill; to knock over a vessel and spill its contents on someone or something [Omaha/Ponca]; a-ba-shaⁿ-tha (á-ba-cáⁿ-¢a) - to push over a vessel accidentally and empty its contents on a person or on the ground [JOD-Omaha]

over, roll over on something

► a-bi-saⁿ-te zhaⁿ (ábisątte žą́)) - roll over on something; throw oneself down on

► cf. a-bi-saⁿ-te (ábisątte) - catch by pressing on; hold down, e.g., on his back; lie on something; zhaⁿ (žą), zhoⁿ (žǫ) - lie, recline; a-bi-saⁿ-te-zhi (ábisąttéži) - press down on, weight, hold down; o-bi-saⁿ-te (obísątte) - pull something between two objects

► ex: ma-shtiⁿ-ke a-bi-saⁿ-te zhaⁿ (maštį́ke ábisątte žą́) - to throw himself down on a rabbit to catch it

► Dhegiha: a-bi-soⁿ-dse (á-bi-çoⁿ-dse) - to press to the ground [FL-Osage]; a-pi-saⁿ (ápisą) - mash, push down on, shut, close, hold down [CQ-Osage]; a-bu-saⁿ-je (ábusaⁿje) - press down on with the hands, as in catching a bird or rabbit; to press or bear hard on, as with a chair leg; to run and jump on something, wrestle [Kaw]; a-ki-bu-saⁿ-je (ákíbusaⁿje) - to wrestle each other [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: zhoⁿ (zhoⁿ) - recline, lie, lie down, to sleep [Omaha/Ponca]; zhoⁿ (zhoⁿ) - day, night, sleep, day, night, 24-hour period, “a sleep” [Omaha/Ponca]; zhoⁿ (zhoⁿ) - to sleep [FL-Osage]; zhaⁿ (žą́ą) - sleep, go to sleep, lie down to sleep, go to bed, sleep over, stay all night, sleep, night's rest, overnight stay [CQ-Osage]; zhaⁿ (zhaⁿ) - lie down, sleep, recline [Kaw]; zhaⁿ (zhaⁿ) - day, a sleep [Kaw]

over, slip over

► di-kʰiⁿ-te (dikʰį́tte) - lose grip, slip over ► bdi-kʰiⁿ-te (bdíkʰįtte) - I, ti-kʰiⁿ-te (ttíkʰįtte) - you

► cf. ba-kʰiⁿ-te (bakʰį́tte) - miss, slip pushing something; bi-kʰiⁿ-te (bikʰį́tte) - rub a slippery surface; da-kʰiⁿ-te (dakʰį́tte) - bite at and miss, snap at; ka-kʰiⁿ-te (kakʰį́tte) - strike at and miss; kiⁿ-kʰiⁿ-te (kkį́kkįtté) - slippery; naⁿ-kʰiⁿ-te (nąkʰį́tte) - kick at and miss, pass by; pa-kʰiⁿ-te (pákʰįtte) - cut at something and miss it; po-kʰiⁿ-te (pókʰįtte) - graze something while shooting

► Dhegiha: thi-kshiⁿ-dse (thi-kshíⁿ-dse) - failure to get a good grasp or hold [FL-Osage]; thi-kshiⁿ-tse (ðikšį́ce) - miss, fail at, be incorrect at, not get right, drop, let slip, let slip away [CQ-Osage]; yu-khiⁿ-je (yukhíⁿje) - slip in grasping or holding, drop something; miss when reaching for something [Kaw]

over, stooped over

► ba-x’i (baxʔí) - stooped, stooped over

► ba-x’i (baxʔí) - stooped over [MS]

► cf. di-be-x’iⁿ (díbexʔį́) - bend down, pull down; di-ba-s’iⁿ (díbasʔį́) - hold gun muzzle downward

► Dhegiha: ba-s’iⁿ (bas’íⁿ) - upside-down, head over heels [Omaha/Ponca]; ba-s’iⁿ (ba-s’íⁿ) - upside-down; heels over head [JOD-Omaha]; ba-ts’iⁿ (ba-ts’íⁿ) - head down and feet up, headlong, head foremost [FL-Osage]; pa-ts’iⁿ (paacʔį́) - stoop over, as to touch one’s toes, bend down, be crooked [CQ-Osage]; ba-ts’iⁿ (bats’íⁿ) - headlong, head first; stoop over [Kaw]

over, stride or pass over something

► a-ka-zha-te (ákažátte) - pass over, stride over something ► a-a-ka-zha-te (áakažátte) - I, a-da-ka-zha-te (ádakažátte) - you, oⁿ-ka-ka-zha-ta-we (ǫ́kakažáttawe) - we

► cf. ka-zha-te (kažátte) - straddle, (stand) astride

► Dhegiha: a-ga-zha-de (á-ga-ja-de) - to stride or straddle over an object; implying to step over, to pass over a person, etc. [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: ga-zha-de (ga-já-de) - to stand with the legs wide apart [JOD-Omaha]; ga-zha-je (gazháje) - stand with legs wide apart; to step over something [Kaw]

over, tremble all over

► di-bdi-bdi-xe (dibdíbdiγe) - tremble all over

► Dhegiha: zhu thi-bthi-bthi-xe (zhu thíbthibthíxe) - shiver, shake, tremble; to shiver, to shake all over [Omaha/Ponca]; zhu-ga thi-bthi-bthi-xe (zhúga thíbthibthíxe) - shaking, tremor; to be shaking all over, from fright or exertion [Omaha/Ponca]; thi-bthu-bthu-xe (thi-bthú-bthu-xe) - to tremble or shake with fear, to shudder with cold [FL-Osage]; thi-bru-bru-xe (ðibrúbruγe), bru-bru-xe (brúbruγe) - shake, quiver, tremble [CQ-Osage]

over, tumble over

► ka-ki-kda-ti-zhe (kakkíkdattiže) - tumble over ► aⁿ-ka-ki-kda-ti-zhe (ą́kkikdattižé) - I, di-ka-ki-kda-ti-zhe (díkkikdattižé) - you

► ex: ka-ki-kda-ti-zhe aⁿ-bi-saⁿ-te (kakkíkdattiže ą́bisątté) - he tumbled over and lay on me

over, turn over

► a-ki-pa-xta-na (ákkippáxtana) - roll up, turn over ► a-a-ki-pa-xta-na (áakkippáxtana) - I, a-da-ki-pa-xta-na (ádakkippáxtana) - you, oⁿ-ka-ki-pa-xta-na-we (ǫ́kakkippáxtanawe) - we

► cf.a-ki-pa (ákkippa) - meet a person or animal; o-ki-ba-taⁿ (okkíbattą) - together; o-ki-ba-taⁿ-taⁿ (okkíbattą́ttą) - one after another, several in a row or series [JOD]

► ex: a a-ki-pa-xta-na (á ákkippaxtana) - to roll up a sleeve

► ex: niⁿ-te o-di-shiⁿ a-ki-pa-xta-na (nį́tte ódišį ákkippaxtana) - to turn (roll up) the legs of pants

► Dhegiha: a-ki-pa (akipa) - meet [Omaha]; a-ʰki-ʰpa (á-ḳi-p̣a) - to meet another [FL-Osage]; a-ʰki-ʰpa (áʰkiʰpa) - encounter, meet [CQ-Osage]; a-ki-pa (ákipa) - meet [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ʰki-ba-xtha (ḳí-ba-xtha) - meet face to face [FL-Osage]; u-ʰki-ba-xtha (u-ḳí-ba-xtha) - to meet face to face [FL-Osage]; o-ki-ki-ba-xla (okíkibaxla) - meet face to face, coming from opposite directions: said of more than one pair [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: u-ki-pa-toⁿ (ukipatoⁿ) - roll [Omaha]; u-ki-pa-taⁿ (ukípatáⁿ) - rolled himself over [JOD-Omaha]; u-ʰki-ʰpa-ʰtoⁿ-tha (u-ḳi-pa-ṭoⁿ-tha) - to roll over and over [FL-Osage]

over, watch over someone else’s property

► a-ki-ta (ákkitta) - watch over someone else’s property ► a-a-ki-ta (áakkitta) - I, a-da-ki-ta (ádakkitta) - you, oⁿ-ka-ki-ta-we (ǫkákkittawe) - we

► Dhegiha: a-ki-da (ákida) - to guard or watch over, as property (not his own) [JOD-Omaha]; a-ʰki-da (á-ḳi-da) - officer or soldier; grenadier; policeman [FL-Osage]; a-ʰki-ta (áʰkita) - law enforcement, police, army, armed forces, soldier, armed person, officer, grenadier [CQ-Osage]; a-ki-da (ákida) - soldier, policeman, brave [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: a-gi-ki-da (á-gi-kí-da) - to watch over his own [JOD-Omaha]; i-gi-ki-da (í-gi-kí-da) - to watch over his property for him, or by his request [JOD-Omaha]; wa-ki-da (wákida) - a watchman; a shepard; to watch, to guard; to stay alone to guard a house or lodge [JOD-Omaha]; wa-ki-da (wakida) - sentry [Omaha]; wa-gi-ki-da (wá-gi-kí-da) - to watch over them, his own relation, animals, etc. [JOD-Omaha]

over, write over again

► koⁿ-ze e-koⁿ a-zhi (kkǫ́ze ékǫ áži), kaⁿ-ze e-koⁿ a-zhi (kką́ze ékǫ áži) - copy, write over again ► koⁿ-ze e-koⁿ a-a-zhi (kkǫ́ze ékǫ áaži) - I, koⁿ-ze e-koⁿ a-da-zhi (kkǫ́ze ékǫ ádaži) - you

► cf. kaⁿ-ze (kką́ze), koⁿ-ze (kkǫ́ze) - equal in; e-kaⁿ (eką́), e-koⁿ (ekǫ́) - like, thus, like that, so; a-zhi (áži) - put small objects onto something that serves as a platform; koⁿ-ze a-kaⁿ-kʰi-de (kkǫ́ze ákąkʰíde) - treat the same, get even with; kaⁿ-ze a-na (kką́ze ána) - equal in quantity or number; kaⁿ-ze a-na-ska (kką́ze ánaska) - of equal size; kaⁿ-ze a-tʰaⁿ (kką́ze átʰą) - of equal length; kaⁿ-ze a-tʰaⁿ-ha (kką́ze átʰąha) - equal or like depth; kaⁿ-ze a-tʰaⁿ-ka (kką́ze atʰąkká) - of equal height

► Dhegiha: i-goⁿ-za (ígoⁿça) - copy [Omaha]; goⁿ-ze-goⁿ (goⁿ-çé-goⁿ) - alike in appearance, similar, uniform [FL-Osage]; goⁿ-ze ʰki-goⁿ (goⁿ-çé ḳi-goⁿ) - alike, resembling [FL-Osage]; goⁿ-ze ʰki-toⁿ-ha (goⁿ-çé ḳi-toⁿ-ha) - equal in height [FL-Osage]; goⁿ-ze thoⁿ-ska (goⁿ-çé 'thoⁿ-çka) - same in size, as large as [FL-Osage]; koⁿ-ze-ʰki-ʰkoⁿ (kǫzéʰkiʰkǫ) - similar to or like each other, resembling each other [CQ-Osage]; koⁿ-ze-koⁿ (kǫzékǫ) - be the same as or like another, like, similar to or identical to [CQ-Osage]; go-ze e-go (góze égo) - alike, resembling something [Kaw]; go-ze ei-ki-khaⁿ (góze ékikhaⁿ) - equal length [Kaw]; go-ze e-na (góze éna) - equal, even in number or quantity, an even number [Kaw]; go-ze e-yoⁿ-ska (góze éyoⁿska) - equal in size, as large as, same size [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: e-gaⁿ (e-gáⁿ) - as; so; that being the case [JOD-Omaha]; e-gaⁿ (é-gaⁿ) - so; to be so; to do as another has said or done; to be as another has said; used as the equivilant of the English adverbial ending, -ly (like); as, so; for the same purpose; used in forming a strong imperative; used in formimg a strong optative [JOD-Omaha]; e-goⁿ (egoⁿ) - as, like, kind, type, certainly, action [Omaha]; e-goⁿ (e-goⁿ) - like [FL-Osage]; e-koⁿ (ékǫ) - like, similar to, like that, likewise, similarly, somewhat, kind of, rather, slightly, a bit, right, correctly, correct, appropriate, appropriately, that is right, true!, correct!, that’s the way!, thus, therefore, mean, signify, happen, be so, be as [CQ-Osage]; e-go (égo) - like, as, so; to be that kind, be such [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: a-zhi (áji) - to spread a number of small objects on [JOD-Omaha]; a-zhi (a-zhi) - scattered upon, scattered about [FL-Osage]; a-zhu (á-zhu) - to put a number of articles on a rack [FL-Osage]; a-zhu (ážu) - put out, set out (multiple items); place, array, display (multiple items) on top of something else [CQ-Osage]; a-zhu (ázhu) - put many objects on a surface of any thing [Kaw]

overflow

► a-biⁿ-te (ábįtte) - overflow; said of a flood that washes mud over the ground

► ni-taⁿ (nítą) - flood, overflow

► ni-taⁿ (nítą) - flood [MS]

► ni-taⁿ (ni taⁿ́) - male name, Overflow [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ni-toⁿ (nítoⁿ) - flood [Omaha]; ni-doⁿ (ni-dóⁿ) - a flood, the overflowing of a stream, a freshet [FL-Osage]; ni-taⁿ (níitą), ni-ta (níita) - flooding water, running water that is flooding, as over a spillway, elephant [CQ-Osage]; ni-daⁿ (nidáⁿ) - flood, high water, freshet [Kaw]

overtake

► o-xde (oxdé) - to overtake [JOD]

► ex: o-do-tʰe o-xde te a-ki-zhaⁿ iⁿ (ódotʰe oxdé tte akižą́ į) - the man eater would overtake her, she thought to herself' (JOD)]

► ex: o-xde haⁿ-ke hi taⁿ ni-ti ki, i-ya-we, wax’o niⁿ, maⁿ-te kʰe-ti ki, i-ya-we (oxdé hąké hí tą nítti kí, iyáwe, waxʔó nį, mątté kʰettí kí, iyáwe) - they say, he had nearly overtaken the woman when she reached the water, she arrived back at the canoe, they say [JOD]

► ex: ko-zhi hi taⁿ o-xde naⁿ t’e-da-we, i-ya (kkóži hí-tą oxdé ną tʔédawé, iyá) - they went a long distance, when they overtook him, they killed him, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: o-xde-wa-zhi (oxdéwaži) - they did not overtake him [JOD]

► ex: aⁿ-xde (ą́xde) - he overtook me [JOD]

► ex: a-zho-wa hi pʰi a-ni-he, so-te a-ni-he, aⁿ-xde te a-zhaⁿ-niⁿ (ažowá hi pʰí aníhe, sótte aníhe, ą́xde tte ažąmį́) - I was coming as fast as possible, I was moving fast, I thought he was going to overtake me [JOD]

► ex: o-wa-xde (ówaxde) - he overtook them [JOD]

► ex: wa-x’o to-wa ti-kde o-wa-xde (waxʔó tówa ttíkde ówaxde) - he overtook the four women that live together [JOD]

► ex: shi-naⁿ o-wa-xde (šíną ówaxde) - he overtook them again [JOD]

► ex: naⁿ-zha di-o-za hi o-xde (ną́ža dióza hí oxdé) - then in a very short time he overtook her [JOD]

► ex: bdo-ka o-di-o-za-hi o-wa-xde (bdoká odiózahí ówaxde) - in a very short time, he overtook the entire group [JOD]

► Dhegiha: u-xthe (uq¢é) - to pursue and overtake a person or animal [JOD-Omaha]; u-xthe (u-xthé) - to overtake [FL-Osage]; o-ʰle (oʰlé), o-le (olé) - chase, chase away, run off [CQ-Osage]; o-xle (oxlé) - overtake, chase [Kaw]

owe something to someone

► ni-zhi a-ki-niⁿ (níži ákinį) - owe something to someone ► ni-zhi a-ki-bniⁿ (níži ákkibnį) - I, ni-zhi a-da-ki-tiⁿ (níži ádakittį́) - you

► cf. ni-zhi (níži) - credit, a debt (both JOD); ni-zhi di-ze (níži dizé) - buy on credit; wa-di-ze a-ki-niⁿ (wadíze ákinį) - owe something to someone; a-ki-niⁿ (ákinį) - have or keep for someone; a-ki-niⁿ de (ákinį de) - take away something for someone; a-ki-niⁿ hi (ákinį hi) - take something there for someone; a-ki-niⁿ hi-de (ákinį hidé) - to have taken someone’s property; a-ki-niⁿ kde (ákinį kdé) - to take from someone and go back [JOD]; a-ki-niⁿ kdi (ákinį kdi) - take away something for someone and come back to this place [JOD]; a-ki-niⁿ tʰi (ákinį tʰi) - to take/come after them, one’s own [JOD]

► wa-di-ze a-ki-niⁿ (wadíze ákinį) - owe something to someone ► wa-di-ze a-ki-bniⁿ (wadíze ákibnį) - I, wa-di-ze a-da-ki-tiⁿ (wadíze ádakittį) - you

► cf. wa-di-ze (wadíze) - credit, debt; di-ze (dizé) - get, take, receive; a-ki-niⁿ (ákinį) - have or keep for someone; a-niⁿ (anį́) - have, keep wa-di-ze di-ze (wadíze dizé) - to get goods on credit; ni-zhi a-ki-niⁿ (níži ákinį) - owe something to someone

► Dhegiha: wa-thu-ze (wa-thú-çe) - to seize, to default, or failure to catch up with one’s debts; wa-thu-ze a-thiⁿ (wa-thú-çe a-thiⁿ) - indebted [FL-Osage]; we-u-ze (weúuze) - debt, something owed, wé + ðuuzé [CQ-Osage]

owl

► iⁿ-tʰaⁿ (į́tʰą) - owl

► iⁿ-tʰaⁿ (į́tʰą) - owl, horned owl [MS]

► i-kha (íkha) - owl [OM]

► cf. iⁿ-taⁿ (į́ttą), iⁿ-tʰaⁿ (į́tʰą) - nighthawk, bullbat; iⁿ-tʰaⁿ-ha (įtʰą́ha) - owl skin with feathers on; iⁿ-tʰaⁿ-hi (įtʰą́hi), iⁿ-tʰaⁿ-he (įtʰą́he) - owl fan

► cf. iⁿ-tʰaⁿ (į́tʰą) - owl; iⁿ-taⁿ (į́ttą), iⁿ-tʰaⁿ (į́tʰą) - nighthawk, bullbat; iⁿ-tʰaⁿ-ha (įtʰą́ha) - owl skin with feathers on

► Dhegiha: i-toⁿ (í-toⁿ) - the horned owl, the horned owl figures in the tribal war rites of the Osage as a symbol [FL-Osage]; iⁿ-ʰtoⁿ (íⁿ-ṭoⁿ) - the snowy/white owl [FL-Osage]; iⁿ-khaⁿ (íⁿkhaⁿ), i-khaⁿ (íkhaⁿ), iⁿ-thaⁿ (íⁿthaⁿ) - owl [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: iⁿ-tchaⁿ-saⁿ (íⁿ-tcaⁿ-saⁿ) - a name given to the p͓anahu during the winter and spring when its feathers change from gray to white, most of the Omahas regard it as a distinct bird [JOD-Omaha]; iⁿ-chuⁿ suⁿ (iⁿchuⁿ çuⁿ) - snowy owl [Omaha]

► Dhegiha: i-toⁿ-ska (í-toⁿ-çka) - the snowy owl [FL-Osage]; i-khaⁿ ska (íkhaⁿ skà) - white horned owl [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: i-toⁿ-zi-hi (í-toⁿ-çi-hi) - the yellow owl [FL-Osage]; i-khaⁿ zi-hi (íkhaⁿ zíhi) - yellow owl, a small owl that stands about 8” [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: i-khaⁿ xo-je zhiⁿ-ga (íkhaⁿ xóje zhíⁿga), i-khaⁿ zhiⁿ-ga (íkhaⁿ zhíⁿga) - small gray horned owl [Kaw]

► wa-po-ka (wappóka) - owl

► wa-po-ka (uampŭka) - owl (hibou) [GI]

► wa-po-ka (wappoka) - hoot owl [MS]

► wa-po-ka (wappoka) - a bad owl [OM]

► wa-pʰo-ka (wa˙p'ó˙Ga) - owl, gray owl [FS]

► wa-po-ka (wappóka), wa-poⁿ-ka (wappǫ́ka) - owl, bogeyman [AG]

► cf. wa-po-ka he taⁿ (wappóka he ttą́) - great horned owl, Bubo virginianus; wa-po-ka wa-na-xe (wappóka wanáγe) - eared owl, Asio otus

► Dhegiha: wa-pʰu-ga ha-ha-da (wapʰúgahaháda), wa-pʰu-ga ha-da (wapʰúgahada) - short eared owl [Omaha/Ponca]; wa-pu-ga ha-ha-da (wapúgahahada) - barred owl [Omaha]; wa-ʰpo-ga (wa-p̣ó-ga) - the gray owl, the gray owl is an Osage symbol of night, it is also a life symbol, it is a bird that succeeds in bringing its young safely to maturity [FL-Osage]; wa-ʰpo-ga ʰtoⁿ-ga (wa-p̣ó-ga ṭoⁿ-ga) - the great gray owl [FL-Osage]; wa-ʰpo-ka (waʰpóka) - owl [CQ-Osage]; wa-poⁿ-ga (wapóⁿga) - small owl, not the screech owl; “hoot owl”; the small owl whose cry is, “Oo! oo! oo! ooooo!” [Kaw]

owl fan

► iⁿ-tʰaⁿ-hi (įtʰą́hi), iⁿ-tʰaⁿ-he (įtʰą́he) - owl fan

► iⁿ-tʰaⁿ-he (in taⁿ hē) - owl feather fan for brushing away evil in medicine tent in mescal (peyote) ceremony, from George Red Eagle [MH]

► iⁿ-tʰaⁿ-he (in taⁿ hē) - fan of (?) tail used to brush away evil in “mescal” ceremony, from Solomom Quapaw [MH]

► cf. iⁿ-tʰaⁿ (į́tʰą) - owl; iⁿ-taⁿ (į́ttą), iⁿ-tʰaⁿ (į́tʰą) - nighthawk, bullbat; iⁿ-tʰaⁿ-ha (įtʰą́ha) - owl skin with feathers on

► Dhegiha: i-toⁿ (í-toⁿ) - the horned owl, the horned owl figures in the tribal war rites of the Osage as a symbol [FL-Osage]; iⁿ-ʰtoⁿ (íⁿ-ṭoⁿ) - the snowy/white owl [FL-Osage]; iⁿ-khaⁿ (íⁿkhaⁿ), i-khaⁿ (íkhaⁿ), iⁿ-thaⁿ (íⁿthaⁿ) - owl [Kaw]

owl skin with feathers on

► iⁿ-tʰaⁿ-ha (įtʰą́ha) - owl skin with feathers on

► cf. iⁿ-tʰaⁿ (į́tʰą) - owl; ha (ha) - skin, bark, hide, shell; iⁿ-taⁿ (į́ttą), iⁿ-tʰaⁿ (į́tʰą) - nighthawk, bullbat; iⁿ-tʰaⁿ-hi (įtʰą́hi), iⁿ-tʰaⁿ-he (įtʰą́he) - owl fan

► Dhegiha: i-toⁿ (í-toⁿ) - the horned owl, the horned owl figures in the tribal war rites of the Osage as a symbol [FL-Osage]; iⁿ-ʰtoⁿ (íⁿ-ṭoⁿ) - the snowy/white owl [FL-Osage]; iⁿ-khaⁿ (íⁿkhaⁿ), i-khaⁿ (íkhaⁿ), iⁿ-thaⁿ (íⁿthaⁿ) - owl [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ha (ha) - skin, hide, bark [Omaha/Ponca]; ha (ha) - leather, skin, shell [Omaha]; ha (ha) - skin of any animal, the bark of a tree, shell of nuts, cuticle [FL-Osage]; ha (háa) - hide, skin of an animal, rind, fabric, cloth, surface [CQ-Osage]; ha (ha) - hide, skin [Kaw]

owl, eared owl

► wa-po-ka wa-na-xe (wappóka wanáγe) - eared owl, Asio otus

► cf. wa-po-ka (wappóka) - owl; wa-na-xe (wanáγe) - ghost, spirit; wa-po-ka he taⁿ (wappóka he ttą́) - great horned owl, Bubo virginianus

► Dhegiha: wa-pʰu-ga ha-ha-da (wapʰúgahaháda), wa-pʰu-ga ha-da (wapʰúgahada) - short eared owl [Omaha/Ponca]; wa-pu-ga ha-ha-da (wapúgahahada) - barred owl [Omaha]; wa-ʰpo-ga (wa-p̣ó-ga) - the gray owl, the gray owl is an Osage symbol of night, it is also a life symbol, it is a bird that succeeds in bringing its young safely to maturity [FL-Osage]; wa-ʰpo-ga ʰtoⁿ-ga (wa-p̣ó-ga ṭoⁿ-ga) - the great gray owl [FL-Osage]; wa-ʰpo-ka (waʰpóka) - owl [CQ-Osage]; wa-poⁿ-ga (wapóⁿga) - small owl, not the screech owl; “hoot owl”; the small owl whose cry is, “Oo! oo! oo! ooooo!” [Kaw]

owl, great horned owl

► wa-po-ka he taⁿ (wappóka he ttą́) - great horned owl, Bubo virginianus

► cf. wa-po-ka (wappóka) - owl; he (he) - horn, antler; wa-po-ka wa-na-xe (wappóka wanáγe) - eared owl, Asio otus

► Dhegiha: wa-pʰu-ga ha-ha-da (wapʰúgahaháda), wa-pʰu-ga ha-da (wapʰúgahada) - short eared owl [Omaha/Ponca]; wa-pu-ga ha-ha-da (wapúgahahada) - barred owl [Omaha]; wa-ʰpo-ga (wa-p̣ó-ga) - the gray owl, the gray owl is an Osage symbol of night, it is also a life symbol, it is a bird that succeeds in bringing its young safely to maturity [FL-Osage]; wa-ʰpo-ga ʰtoⁿ-ga (wa-p̣ó-ga ṭoⁿ-ga) - the great gray owl [FL-Osage]; wa-ʰpo-ka (waʰpóka) - owl [CQ-Osage]; wa-poⁿ-ga (wapóⁿga) - small owl, not the screech owl; “hoot owl”; the small owl whose cry is, “Oo! oo! oo! ooooo!” [Kaw]

owl, screech owl

► po-shiⁿ (ppóšį) - screech owl

► po-shiⁿ (ppóšį) - screech owl [MS]

► Dhegiha: ne-tha-zhi-be (néthazhíbe) - screech owl [Omaha/Ponca]; ne-tha-zhi-be (nétha zhibe) - screech owl [Omaha]; hi-tha-da-da-xe (hi-thá-da-da-xe) - screech owl, chatterer, to the Osage and the Omaha the screech owl is a bird of ill omen, when the cries of a screech owl are heard near a house the occupants hurry out to scare the bird away [FL-Osage]; hi-ya-da-da-ghe (hiyádadàghe), hi-ya-da-da-ghe hiⁿ-ga (hiyádadàghe hìⁿga) - screech owl, lit., “his teeth chatter” [Kaw]

owner, to give back to the owner

► ki-k’i (kíkʔi) - give back, return ► a-k’i (ákʔi) - I, da-k’i (dákʔi) - you

► cf. ki-k’i (kikʔí) - give to one’s own (kin); k’i (kʔi) - give something to someone

► ex: aⁿ-ki-k’i (uñk͓íkʔi) - give back to me [JOD]

► ex: maⁿ kʰe de-de naⁿ-haⁿ a-ki-de naⁿ ki-k’i kaⁿ-niⁿ i-ya-we (mą́ kʰe déde nąhą akidé ną kikʔí ką-nį́ iyáwe) - if he shot an arrow off, he would go after it and give it back to him, he was moving around doing this for awhile, they said [JOD]

► ex: di-sh’a-i taⁿ za-ni di-sh’a-i taⁿ wa-haⁿ niⁿ-ke niⁿ-kʰe ki-k’i de-da-wi (dišʔai tą zaní dišʔaí tą wahą́nįké nįkʰé kikʔí dedáwi) - they all failed, when they failed, they gave it back to the orphan [JOD]

► Dhegiha: gi-’i (gí’i) - to give his back, to give back to him [JOD-Omaha]; gi-k’i (gí-k’i) - to give back something to the owner, to restore [FL-Osage]; ki-k’u (kíkʔu) - give back [CQ-Osage]; gi-k’u (gík’u) - give back someone’s property [Kaw]; gu-k’u (gúk’u), go-k’u (gók’u) - give him his own, return his property [Kaw]

ox

► te-ska shoⁿ-te ni-ke (tteská šǫté niké) - ox, lit. “cow (bison + white) without balls”

► cf. te-ska (tteská) - cow, domestic cattle, “bison + white”; shoⁿ-te (šǫté) - testicles, scrotum; ni-ke (niké) - to have none, be lacking

► Dhegiha: tse-ska shoⁿ-je yiⁿ-ge (ceská shóⁿje yíⁿge) - an ox, lit. “cow without testicles” [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: shoⁿ-de si thiⁿ-ge (shoⁿde çi thiⁿge) - castrate [Omaha]; shoⁿ-dse thiⁿ-ge (shoⁿ-dsé thiⁿ-ge), shoⁿ-dse-iⁿ-ge (shoⁿ-dse-iⁿ-ge) - gelding, castrate [FL-Osage]

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