English to Quapaw Dictionary

M

 

mountain

► maⁿ-shi taⁿ-ka (mąší ttą́ka) - mountain

► maⁿ-shi (mąší) - mountain [OM]

► cf. maⁿ-shi (mąší) - heaven, upper, upward, high, above; maⁿ-shi hi (mą́ši hí) - high, high up, incommunicative; maⁿ-shi hi (mąší hi) - cliff; maⁿ-shi o-ki (mą́ši okkí) - Christian, lit. “talks on high”; mo-sho-ki (móšokki) - church, contraction of maⁿ-shi (mąší) - upward, heaven + o-ki (okí) - speak, talk with one [AG]; maⁿ-shi o-ki o-ti (mą́ši okkí ótti) - church, “house to talk above”; maⁿ-shi de (mą́ši dé) - go up, ascend; i-ha-zho maⁿ-shi (íhažó mąší) - upper lip; i-shta-ha maⁿ-shi (ištáha mąší) - upper eyelid; di-maⁿ-shi (dimą́ši) - pull up high

► Dhegiha: pa-he moⁿ-shi (pahe moⁿshi) - mountain, mountainous [Omaha]; moⁿ-shi a-ha (moⁿshiaha) - high [Omaha]; pa-he moⁿ-shi-a-di (pahe moⁿshiadi) - steep mountain [Omaha]; moⁿ-shi-a-di (moⁿshíadi) - tall, be very tall, extend from the ground far up into the air [Omaha/Ponca]; moⁿ-shi (móⁿ-shi) - up above, the arch of heaven, zenith [FL-Osage]; moⁿ-shi-a-dsi (moⁿ-shí-a-dsi) - high, lofty, as a mountain, tall [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-shi (mą́ši) - be upward or upright [CQ-Osage]; maⁿ-shi (máⁿshi) - high up, as the sun in the sky [Kaw]; maⁿ-shi-ji (maⁿshíji) - high, lofty, as a mountain or building, said of things that touch or sit on the ground [Kaw]; maⁿ-shi-ta (maⁿshíta) - above, upper [Kaw]

 

mountain lion, puma, cougar

► iⁿ-taⁿ-daⁿ (įttą́dą), taⁿ-daⁿ (ttądą́) - panther, puma, mountain lion, cougar, similar terms are widespread in North America

► iⁿ-ta-naⁿ taⁿ-ka (įttánąttą́ka) - panther

► iⁿ-ta-naⁿ taⁿ-ka (įttáną ttą́ka) - mountain lion, panther, cougar, puma [MS]

► taⁿ-daⁿ taⁿ-ka (ttą́dą ttą́ka) - mountain lion, puma

► taⁿ-naⁿ taⁿ-ka (tonon-tunkah) - tiger or panther (tigre ou panthère) [GI]

► taⁿ-daⁿ (ttądą́) - panther, puma, mountain lion

► taⁿ-daⁿ e-ni-ka-shi-ka (taⁿd^¢áⁿ énikacíka), taⁿ-daⁿ taⁿ-ka e-ni-ka-shi-ka (táⁿd^¢aⁿ táñk͓a énikacíka) - the Panther or Mountain Lion gens (clan), obtained from Alphonsus Valliere [JOD]

► cf. iⁿ-taⁿ-daⁿ kde-zhe (įttą́dą kdéže) - cat, domestic cat “spotted”; iⁿ-taⁿ-daⁿ kde-zhe zhi-ka (įttą́dą kdéže žíka) - kitten; iⁿ-taⁿ kde-zhe (įttą́ kdéže) - cat, speckled cat [MS, AG]; iⁿ-ta-naⁿ kde-zhe (įttaną kdéze) - bobcat; taⁿ-daⁿ kde-zhe ma-zhaⁿ-a-ti (ttądą́ kdéže mažą́atti) - bobcat, spotted cat; taⁿ-ke kde-she (DąGeGaDé˙še) - cat, domestic [FS]

 

mouse

► iⁿ-chʰaⁿ-ka (įčʰą́ka), iⁿ-chʰoⁿ-ka (įčʰǫ́ka) - mouse

► iⁿ-chaⁿ-ka (įčą́ka) - mouse, rat [MS]

► cf. iⁿ-chʰoⁿ bda-ska (į́čʰǫ bdáska) - flying squirrel; iⁿ-chʰoⁿ pa-zi-ta-da (įčʰǫ́ppazíttadá) - field mouse; iⁿ-chʰoⁿ taⁿ-ka (įčʰǫ́ ttą́ka) - rat; iⁿ-chaⁿ-ka taⁿ-ka (inschunka-tunka) - rat (rat) [GI]

► Dhegiha: iⁿ-chuⁿ-ga (iⁿchuⁿga) - mouse [Omaha]; iⁿ-choⁿ-ga zhiⁿ-ga (iⁿ-chóⁿ-ga zhiⁿ-ga) - mouse [FL-Osage]; iⁿ-tsʰo-ka (įcʰóka) - mouse [CQ-Osage]; iⁿ-choⁿ-ga (iⁿchóⁿga), i-choⁿ-ga (ichóⁿga) - mouse [Kaw]; iⁿ-choⁿ zhiⁿ-ga (iⁿchóⁿ zhíⁿga) - mouse [Kaw]

 

mouse, field mouse

► iⁿ-chʰoⁿ pa-zi-ta-da (įčʰǫ́ppazíttadá) - field mouse

► cf. iⁿ-chʰoⁿ taⁿ-ka (įčʰǫ́ ttą́ka) - rat; iⁿ-chʰoⁿ bda-ska (į́čʰǫ bdáska) - flying squirrel; iⁿ-chʰaⁿ-ka (įčʰą́ka), iⁿ-chʰoⁿ-ka (įčʰǫ́ka) - mouse

► Dhegiha: pa-zi-tʰa-tha (pázitʰátha) - mouse, field mouse, ground mouse [Omaha/Ponca]; iⁿ-choⁿ pa-zo-tsa (iⁿchóⁿ pazóca), iⁿ-choⁿ pa-zo-ta (iⁿchóⁿ pazóta) - field mouse [Kaw]

 

mouth

► i-ha (íha) - mouth

► i-ha (íha) - mouth [MS, AB, OM]

► i-ha (ih-hah) - mouth (bouche) [GI]

► i-ha (í˙ha) - mouth [FS]

► Dhegiha: i-ha (íha) - lip [Omaha/Ponca]; i-ha (íha) - lips [Omaha]; i-ha (í-ha) - mouth [FL-Osage]; i-ha (íhaa) - mouth [CQ-Osage]; i-ha (íha) - mouth, or top of the mouth [Kaw]

 

mouth, draw into mouth

► da-xo-we (daxówe) - drag with teeth, draw into mouth

► cf. da (da) - by mouth; di-xa-zhi wa-da-xo-we (dixáži wadáxowe) - hill that ate people from Quapaw mythology; di-xo-we (diγówe) - drag something along; o-di-xo-we (odíxowe) - rut, groove, make by pulling

► Dhegiha: tha-xu-e (tha-xú-e) - dragged with his teeth [FL-Osage]; thi-xu-e (thi-xú-e) - to drag something on the ground [FL-Osage]; thi-xu-we (thi-xú-we) - to drag some dead animal by rope, to lead a horse to water [FL-Osage]; thi-xo-we (ðiiɣówe), thi-xo-e (ðiiɣóe), thi-xo (ðiiɣó) - drag [CQ-Osage]; yu-gho-we (yughówe) - drag, pull behind [Kaw]

 

mouth, fail using the mouth or voice

► da-iⁿ-zhi (daį́ži) - fail using the mouth or voice ► bda-iⁿ-zhi (bdáįži) - I, ta-iⁿ-zhi (ttáįži) - you

► cf. da (da) - by mouth; zhi (-ži) - negative, not; ba-iⁿ-zhi (baį́ži) - fail or miss pushing at something; bi-iⁿ-zhi (biį́ži) - fail/miss pressing/blowing; di-iⁿ-zhi (díįži) - fail in pulling, rowing, etc.; ka-iⁿ-zhi (kaį́ži) - fail in throwing or striking; naⁿ-iⁿ-zhi (nąį́ži) - fail in walking or with machine; pa-iⁿ-zhi (páįži) - fail in cutting or sawing; ta-iⁿ-zhi (táįži), (ttáįži) - fail in cooking, as when fire is not hot enough

► Dhegiha: ya-iⁿ-ba-zhe (yaíⁿbazhe) - fail at something by biting, due to loose or aching teeth, or talking or singing, due to a sore throat [Kaw]

 

mouth, hold in the mouth

► da-pʰe (dapʰé) - hold in the mouth ► bda-pʰe (bdápʰé) - I, ta-pʰe (ttápʰé) - you

► cf. da (da) - by mouth

► Dhegiha: tha-pshe (tha-pshé) - to hold an object in the mouth, to bite and carry in the mouth [FL-Osage]; ya-phe (yaphé) - hold in the mouth, between the teeth [Kaw]

 

mouth, make a popping sound with mouth

► da-ta-zhe (dattáže) - make popping sound with mouth ► bda-ta-zhe (bdáttaže) - I, ta-ta-zhe (ttáttaže) - you

► cf. da (da) - by mouth; ba-ta-zhe (battáže) - to make a popping sound from pushing; bi-ta-zhe (bittáže) - popping sound from pressing; di-ta-zhe (dittáže) - snap the fingers; ka-ta-zhe (kattáže), ga-ta-zhe (gattáže) - clap the hands; naⁿ-pe ka-ta-zhe (nąpe kattáže) - clap the hands; naⁿ-ta-zhe (nąttáže) - pop by stepping on; po-ta-zhe (póttaže) - thrust and cause popping sound; ta-ta-zhe (táttaže) - to make a popping sound, as wood in a fire

 

mouth, open the mouth

► i-ka (íka) - open the mouth ► i-da-ka (idáka) - I, i-da-ka (ídaka) - you, oⁿ-naⁿ-ka-we (ǫną́kawe) - we

► cf. i-a-da (iáda) - yawn, gape

► Dhegiha: i (i) - mouth of a person or animal [Omaha/Ponca]; i (i) - mouth [Omaha]; i (i) - mouth [FL-Osage]; i (i) - mouth [Kaw]

 

mouth, put something in the mouth

► i-yo-knaⁿ (iyókną) - put something in the mouth ► i-yo-a-knaⁿ (iyóakną́) - I, i-yo-da-knaⁿ (iyódakną́) - you

► cf. o-knaⁿ (okną́), o-kdaⁿ (okdą́) - put into

► Dhegiha: i (i) - mouth of a person or animal [Omaha/Ponca]; i (i) - mouth [Omaha]; i (i) - mouth [FL-Osage]; i (i) - mouth [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: i-ha (íha) - lip [Omaha/Ponca]; i-ha (íha) - lips [Omaha]; i-ha (í-ha) - mouth [FL-Osage]; i-ha (íhaa) - mouth [CQ-Osage]; i-ha (íha) - mouth, or top of the mouth [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: u-gthoⁿ (u-gthoⁿ) - to put in, putting in, a place of deposit, to inclose, in which to put, to thrust in, to put a stake in a pile when gambling [FL-Osage]; o-laⁿ (oolą́) - put into, place inside of, pour round items into, add items to cooking, pour liquid into [CQ-Osage]; o-laⁿ (oláⁿ) - put a sitting/inanimate object into something, to put a curvilinear (wide rather than tall) object such as paper, a book, a bandage, cloth, etc. within a receptacle [Kaw]

 

mouth, roof of the mouth

► paⁿ-kda-te (ppąkdátte) - palate, roof of the mouth

► Dhegiha: ta-gtha-de (tagtháde) - roof of the mouth, hard palate [Omaha/Ponca]; koⁿ-btha-de (koⁿbtháde) - ridge above the teeth, roof of the mouth [Omaha]; ʰkoⁿ-btha-dse (ḳoⁿbthá-dse) - roof of the mouth [FL-Osage]; paⁿ-la-je (paⁿláje) - palate, roof of the mouth [Kaw]

 

mouth, stretch with the mouth

► da-zi-ke (dazíke) - stretch with the mouth ► bda-zi-ke (bdázike) - I, ta-zi-ke (ttázike) -you

► cf. da (da) - by mouth; bi-zi-ke (bizíke) - stretch from pressure or weight; di-zi-ke (dizíke) - stretch by pulling; hi-ni-ke zi-zi-ke (hiníke zizíke) - stockings, hose; kdi-zi-ke (kdizíke) - stretch one’s own, pull; ki-di-zi-ke (kídizíke) - stretch something for someone; naⁿ-zi-ke (nązíke) - stretch something by treading on it

► Dhegiha: zi-zi-ge (zízige) - rubber, elastic, any rubber or elastic object [Omaha/Ponca]; zi-zi-ge (zí-zi-ge) - India-rubber, any elastic object [JOD-Omaha]; zi-zi-ge (çiçige) - springy [Omaha]; wa-zi-zi-e (wa-çí-çi-e) - rubber, thing elastic [FL-Osage]

 

mouth, to squirt water on something from the mouth

► ni a-bi-xoⁿ (ni ábiγǫ) - to squirt water on something from the mouth ► ni a-pi-xoⁿ (ni áppiγǫ) - I , ni a-shpi-xoⁿ (ni ášpiγǫ) - you

► cf. ni (ni) - water, liquid; (ábiγǫ) - squirt, spit on; bi-xoⁿ (biγǫ́) - blow on something; o-bi-xoⁿ (obíγǫ) - blow into, inflate

► Dhegiha: a-bi-xoⁿ (á-bi-xaⁿ) - to blow on with the mouth [JOD-Omaha]; bi-xoⁿ (bixóⁿ) - blow, to blow, as at a fire [Omaha/Ponca]; bi-xoⁿ (bi-xóⁿ) - to blow with the breath, to make a fire burn by blowing [FL-Osage]; pi-xaⁿ (píɣą) - blow as one’s nose, blow on something, blow into a fire, blow dust off a surface, blow a dandelion away in the wind, blow on a burnt finger to relieve pain [CQ-Osage]; bi-ghaⁿ (bigháⁿ) - blow on a fire to make it burn [Kaw]

 

mouth, undo with the mouth or teeth

► da-kda (dakdá) - undo with the mouth, teeth

► cf. da (da) - by mouth; naⁿ-pe ba-kda (nąpé bakdá), ba-kda (bakdá) - open the hand; bi-kda (bikdá) - press out, push or blow loose; di-kda (dikdá) - undo, untie, pull loose; di-ki-kda (dikkíkda) - open, lift off as a door/plank; ka-kda (kakdá) - sway; naⁿ-kda (nąkdá) - loosen; come undone, as a shoelace

► Dhegiha: gtha (gtha) - unbraided, unwoven [Omaha/Ponca]; ba-gtha (bagthá) - untie, unmake, loosen, to undo braided hair, plaited rope, etc. [Omaha/Ponca]; thi-gtha (thigtha) - unroll, untie [Omaha]; ga-gtha (ga-gthá) - to make one’s hair become undone by accident [FL-Osage]

 

move

► shkoⁿ (škǫ) - move ► a-shkoⁿ (aškǫ́) - I, da-shkoⁿ (daškǫ́) - you

► cf. shkoⁿ-shkoⁿ (škǫškǫ́) - move often; wa-ka-ka-xe shkoⁿ ki-de  (wakákaγe škǫ kíde) - movie, show, picture show, “pictures that cause themselves to move”; shkoⁿ-zhi (škǫ́ži) - motionless [JOD]

► ex: “hoⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ shkoⁿ-aⁿ-de ni-hoⁿ,” i-yi i-ya wa-sa niⁿ-kʰe (“hǫnį́ttą škǫ́ądé nihǫ́,” iyí iyá wasá niⁿkʰe) - “how would it be possible for anyone to make me move?” said the black bear, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: “wi-te-ke ni-ka-shi-ka zho-hi hi shkoⁿ-wa-da-we,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke niⁿ-kʰe (“wítteke níkkašíka žóhi hi škǫ́wadáwe,” iyí iyá maštį́ke niⁿkʰe) - “my uncle, many people are here and will dislodge us,” said the rabbit, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: wa-ka-ka-xe shkoⁿ ki-de te shkoⁿ-ta (wakákaγe škǫ kíde tté škǫttá) - do you want to go to the show? [OM]

► Dhegiha: shkoⁿ (shkóⁿ) - move, act, do; to act, be active, move around, do [Omaha/Ponca]; shkoⁿ (shkoⁿ) - to move, to stir, to be active, motion [FL-Osage]; shkaⁿ (shką́) - move, change (as weather), go on, continue, start [CQ-Osage]; shkaⁿ (shkaⁿ) - move around, stir [Kaw]

 

move  something

► ba-ti-ze (battíze), ba-tʰi-ze (batʰíze) - move something by pushing ► pa-ti-ze (ppáttize) - I, shpa-ti-ze (špáttize) - you

► cf. ba (ba) - by pushing

 

► bi-ti-ze (bittíze) - move something by pressing or blowing ► pi-ti-ze (ppíttize) - I, shpi-ti-ze (špíttize) - you

► cf. bi (bi) - by pressing, rubbing, blow

 

► di-ti-ze (dittíze) - move by pulling something ► bdi-ti-ze (bdíttize) - I, ti-ti-ze (ttíttize) - you

► cf. di (di) - by hand, pulling

 

► ki-pa-ti-ze (kíppattíze) - move one’s possession by pushing ► a-ki-pa-ti-ze (akíppattize) - I, da-ki-pa-ti-ze (dakíppattize) - you

 

► ki-kdi-ti-ze (kkíkdittíze) - move something for one’s own benefit ► a-ki-kdi-ti-ze (akkíkdittíze) - I, da-ki-kdi-ti-ze (dakkíkdittíze) - you

 

► naⁿ-ti-ze (nąttíze) - kick along, move something with feet ► a-naⁿ-ti-ze (aną́ttize) - I, da-naⁿ-ti-ze (daną́ttize) - you

► cf. naⁿ (ną) - by action of the foot

 

► po-ti-ze (póttize), po-tʰi-ze (pótʰize) - move something by punching or shooting ► po-a-ti-ze (póattíze) - I, po-da-ti-ze (pódattíze) - you

► cf. po (po) - by shooting, blowing

 

move back and forth

► ka-i-ze (káize) - wave, move back and forth ► a-i-ze (áize) - I, da-i-ze (dáize) - you, oⁿ-ka-i-za-we (ǫkáizawe) - we

► cf. a-ka-i-ze (ákaíze) - brandish a weapon at someone

► ex: aⁿ-ka-i-ze (ą́kaíze) - he brandished it at me

► ex: a-di-ka-i-ze (ádikaíze) - he brandished a weapon at you

► Dhegiha: ga-i-za (ga-í-za) - to wave to and fro, as a flag or blanket [JOD-Omaha]; ga-i-i-za (ga-í-i-za) - to cause to shake frequently by blowing, as the wind moves the branches of a tree [JOD-Omaha]; si ga-i-i-za (si gáiíza) - to jiggle one’s foot [Omaha/Ponca]

 

move often

► shkoⁿ-shkoⁿ (škǫškǫ́) - move often ► a-shkoⁿ-shkoⁿ (aškǫ́škǫ) - I, da-shkoⁿ-shkoⁿ (daškǫ́škǫ) - you

► cf. shkoⁿ (škǫ) - move

► Dhegiha: shkoⁿ-shkoⁿ (shkóⁿshkoⁿ) - motion, move; to be in constant motion, moving back and forth [Omaha/Ponca]; shkaⁿ-shkaⁿ (škąšką́) - keep moving, move again and again [CQ-Osage]

 

move one’s household

► ti-di-ha (ttidíha) - move one’s household ► ti-bdi-ha (ttibdiha) - I, ti-ti-ha (ttittiha) - you

► cf. ki-kdi-ha (kkikdíha) - move one’s lodge a distance

► Dhegiha: thi-ha-ʰtsi (thi-há-ṭsi) - to remove a family from one place to another [FL-Osage]

 

move one’s lodge a distance

► ki-kdi-ha (kkikdíha) - move one’s lodge a distance

► cf. ti-di-ha (ttidíha) - move one’s household

 

move, not move

► shkoⁿ-zhi (škǫ́ži) - motionless [JOD]

► cf. shkoⁿ (škǫ) - move; zhi (ži) - negative, negation, not

► ex: tʰi naⁿ t’e paⁿ-ze shkoⁿ-zhi hi a-zhaⁿ miⁿ-kʰe (tʰi ną tʔe ppą́ze škǫ́ži hi ažą́ mįkʰé) - when he arrived, I pretended to be dead, I lay there motionless [JOD]

► Dhegiha: shkoⁿ-zhi (shkóⁿzhi) - motionless, to be motionless [Omaha/Ponca]; shkoⁿ-a-zhi (shkóⁿazhi) - motionless, still, rest, move [Omaha/Ponca]; shkoⁿ-a-zhi (shkoⁿ-á-zhi) - not active, inactive [FL-Osage]; shkaⁿ-zhi (šką́ži), shkaⁿ-a-zhi (šką́aži) - still, lit., “not move,” quiet, quietly (as not in movement), unable to move or start (as a motor vehicle [CQ-Osage]shkaⁿ-zhi (shkáⁿzhi) - be still, to not move [Kaw]

 

movement, bowel movement

► zhe (že) - to have a bowel movement ► a-zhe (ažé) - I, da-zhe (daze) - you, zhe (zhé) - he/she, oⁿ-zha-we (ǫžáwe) - we

► cf. zhe-ki-de (žekíde) - bowel movement, defecate; te-zhe (téže) - urinate; te-zhe ki-de (téže kíde) - urinate

► ex: hoⁿ tʰe-ti ti-kde ke o-ka-ki-xe-xti zhe i-ya (hǫ tʰetti ttikdé ke okákixe-xti že iyá) - that very night he dunged all around the lodges, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: a-shi-ti hi te-ti ti-zhe o-ka-ki-xe-xti zhe i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke niⁿ (ášitti hi téti ttíže okákixe-xti že iyá maštį́ke nį) - the rabbit went outside, he defecated all around the entrance of the lodge, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► Dhegiha: zhe (zhe) - bowel movement, excrement, to have a bowel movement [Omaha/Ponca]; zhe (žé) - defecate, have a bowl movement, be excreted, ooze, be emitted, excrete, emit, penis, male organ [CQ-Osage]; zhe (zhe) - to have a bowel movement [Kaw]

 

► zhe-ki-de (žékide) - defecate, bowel movement

► zhe-ki-de (žekíde) - defecate, bowel movement [MS]

► zhe-ki-de (žekíde) - bowel movement [OM]

► zhe-ki-de (gek-kideh) - defecate, bowel movement (lacher l'autre) [GI]

► cf. zhe (že) - to have a bowel movement; ki-de (kkíde), ki-de (kíde) - cause oneself; te-zhe (téže) - urinate; te-zhe ki-de (téže kíde) - urinate

► ex: zhe-ki-de niⁿ-kʰe, shoⁿ-ke (žekíde nįkʰé, šǫ́ke) - dog doo, “he is defecating, the dog” [MS]

► Dhegiha: zhe (zhe) - bowel movement, excrement, to have a bowel movement [Omaha/Ponca]; zhe (žé) - defecate, have a bowl movement, be excreted, ooze, be emitted, excrete, emit, penis, male organ [CQ-Osage]; zhe (zhe) - to have a bowel movement [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ki-the (kithe) - to cause oneself [Omaha/Ponca]; ʰki-the (ḳi-the) - to cause, to cause one, to cause oneself; to cause another, to cause themselves [FL-Osage]; ki-the (kíðe) - make or have someone engage voluntarily in some act, let or allow someone to do something [CQ-Osage]; ʰki-the (ʰkíðe) - cause, make oneself to be or do [CQ-Osage]

 

movie

► wa-ka-ka-xe shkoⁿ ki-de (wakákaγe škǫ kíde) - movie, show, picture show

► cf. wa-ka-ka-xe (wakákaγe) - picture; shkoⁿ (škǫ) - move; ki-de (kíde) - cause itself

► ex: wa-ka-ka-xe shkoⁿ ki-de te shkoⁿ-ta (wakákaγe škǫ kíde tté škǫttá) - do you want to go to the show? [OM]

► Dhegiha: iⁿ-de wa-ga-xe shkoⁿ shkoⁿ (iⁿde wagaxe shkoⁿshkoⁿ) - movie [Omaha]; wa-ga-xe (wa-gá-xe) - a picture of, a symbol of [FL-Osage]; ʰke-da-xe shkoⁿ (ḳé-da-xe-shkoⁿ) - moving pictures, “moving shadows” [FL-Osage]

 

moving, continuative moving

► niⁿ (nį) - continuative moving ► a-ni-he (anihé) - I, ni-she (nišé), da-ni-she (danišé) - you, niⁿ (nį) - he/she/it, oⁿ-ka-niⁿ (ǫ́kanį) - we, a-pa-she (apáše) - you all, a-pa (apa) - they

► cf. niⁿ (nį) - the sg/mv/an; de-niⁿ (dénį) - this mv/an; ka-niⁿ (kánį) - that sg/mv/iv/an; kaⁿ-niⁿ (ką-nį́) - so he moved awhile [JOD]; koi-niⁿ (kóinį) - that remote sg/mv/vi/an; she-niⁿ (šénį) - that mv/vi/an; shoⁿ-niⁿ (šǫnį́) - finally, mv/an/sb; ko-ta-de-de-niⁿ (kótadédenį́) - that departed sg/mv/an, yon; ko-ta-niⁿ (kótanį) - that sg/mv/an over there; ko-wa-hi-niⁿ (kówahinį) - that arrived sg/mv/an; to-hi-niⁿ (tóhinį) - that sg/mv/an object that arrived on this side; to-ta-hi-de-niⁿ (tótahídenį́) - that sg/mv/an object arriving on this side; to-ta-niⁿ (tótanį́) - that sg/mv/an object on this side; to-wa-niⁿ (tówanį) - that sg/mv/an object on this side or the nearer of two objects

► Dhegiha: thiⁿ (thiⁿ) - the moving [JOD-Omaha]; thiⁿ (thiⁿ) - a man or animal moving about [FL-Osage]; yi (yi) - continuative, moving/animate [Kaw]

 

► a-ni-he (anihé) - I, 1sg continuative moving

► cf. a-ni-he naⁿ (anihéną) - I, continuative habitual; shoⁿ a-ni-he (šǫ́anihé) - I, finally, mv/an/sb; kaⁿ-a-ni-he (ką́-anihé) - so I move awhile [JOD]; koi-sha-ni-he (kóišánihe) - so I moved [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ e-ki-zhi bde ta-ni-he (kóišǫ́ttą ekíži bdé ttá[a]nihé) - so I am going to go somewhere else

► ex: bde ta-ni-he (bdé ttá[a]nihé) - I will be going

► ex: shi-naⁿ shka-te bde ta-ni-he (šíną škátte bde tta[a]níhe) - again I will go play [JOD]

► ex: she-he a-ni-he (šéhe ánihe) - I say that-I who move = I have been saying that [JOD]

► ex: ko-zhi hi a-kniⁿ a-ni-he (kkóžihi aknį́ ánihé) - I live way off [MS]

► ex: wi-e a-ni-he (wíe ánihé), (wiĭ a-ne-hĕ) - I was [LH]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ e-ki-zhi bde ta-ni-he (kóišǫ́ttą ekíži bdé tt[a]ánihé) - so I am going to go somewhere else

► ex: e-ti o-ma-ni-ka kde-bnaⁿ-taⁿ sa-taⁿ a-kniⁿ e-aⁿ-na-ska a-ni-he maⁿ (etí ománikka kdébnąttą́ sattą́ aknį́ eą́naska aníhe mą́) - I was fifteen years of age there

► ex: iⁿ-ta-te, da-knoⁿ-ke koⁿ-bda, she-mi ke a-wa-ki-shka-te kaⁿ-a-ni-he koⁿ-bda (įttátte, dáknǫke kkǫ́bda, šémi ke awákiškátte ką́-anihé kkǫ́bda) - father, I want you to marry her, I want to play with the girls [JOD]

► ex: a-zho-wa hi pʰi a-ni-he, so-te a-ni-he, aⁿ-xde te a-zhaⁿ-niⁿ (ažowá hi pʰí aníhe, sótte aníhe, ą́xde tte ažąmį́) - I was coming as fast as possible, I was moving fast, I thought he was going to overtake me [JOD]

► ex: “pʰi a-ni-he,” i-yi- i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“pʰi ánihé,” iyí iyá maštį́ke) - “so I have been coming here,” replied the rabbit, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: a-pʰe a-taⁿ wa-ske pa-xa-taⁿ bda-tʰe e-shoⁿ a-ni-he (ápʰe áttą wáske ppaγá-ttą bdatʰé ešǫ́ aníhe) - I pounded and made bread and I ate it [JOD]

► Dhegiha: a-thiⁿ-he (á¢iⁿhé) - I who move [JOD-Omaha]; a-thiⁿ-he (a-thíⁿ-he) - in my life movements, as I go forth [FL-Osage]; aⁿ-thiⁿ-he (ąðįhé) - continuative aspect postverbal marker (indicating ongoing action or state in present or past time) for moving 1^st sg. subject, ‘moving’ here means ‘changing location’ [CQ-Osage]; a-yi-he (ayihé) - continuative, I, while moving [Kaw]

 

► ni-she (nišé), da-ni-she (danišé) - you, 2sg continuative moving

► cf. ni-she-naⁿ (nišéną) - you, continuative habitual; shoⁿ-ni-she (šǫ́nišé) - you, finally, mv/an/sb

► ex: hoⁿ ni-she (hǫ nišé) - how are you? [MS]

► ex: ha-zhoⁿ ta ni-she (háažǫ tta nišé) - what are you going to do with it? [MS]

► ex: i-e i-she ni-she (íe išé nišé) - you said it [AG]

► ex: ha-zhoⁿ ni-she (háažǫ nišé) - how are you (how are you doing)? [AG]

► ex: jhi-e ha-zhoⁿ ni-she (ǰíe hážǫ níšé) - how are you (how are you doing)? [AG]

► ex: jhi-e shi-zhi-ka a-tiⁿ ni-she (jhíe šižíkka attį́ nišé) - do you have any children? [AG]

► ex: jhi-e shoⁿ-ke a-kniⁿ a-tiⁿ ni-she (ǰíe šǫ́keáknį attį́ nišé) - have you got a horse? [AG]

► ex: ha-ki te ni-she (hak͓í te nicĕ) - where are you going? [JOD]

► Dhegiha: tha-thiⁿ-she (thá-thiⁿ-shé) - 2sg aux, in motion; you who move [JOD-Omaha]; tha-thiⁿ-she (tha-thíⁿ-she) - you who are going [FL-Osage]; thaiⁿ-she (ðaįšé), thaⁿ-she (ðąąšé) - continuative aspect postverbal marker (indicating ongoing action or state in present or past time) for moving 2^nd sg. subject (action or state may continue from past to present, corresponding to English perfect ‘have/had been’ [CQ-Osage]; ya-yi-she (yayishé) - continuative, you (sg), while moving (or not visible) [Kaw]

 

► niⁿ (nį) - he/she/it, 3sg continuative moving

► cf. niⁿ (nį) - the sg/mv/an; niⁿ-naⁿ (nįną́) - continuative habitual

► ex: ma-ze-ska o-she a-niⁿ niⁿ (mazéska óše anį́ nį) - rich people (they have a lot of money) [MS]

► ex: she-to zhi-ka ma-ze-ni ni-ke niⁿ (šétto žíka mazéni niké nį) - little boy ain’t got no milk [MS]

► ex: xa-ke niⁿ (γaké nį) - crying (he/she is crying) [MS]

► ex: mi-ka niⁿ (mikká nį) - the (moving) raccoon

► ex: wa-x’o zhi-ka niⁿ wa-ba-tʰe o-zhi-ha niⁿ-kʰe ki-k’iⁿ kde, i-ya (waxʔóžiká nį wabátʰe óžiha nįkʰe kikʔį́ kdé iyá) - the old woman carried her sewing bag upon her back and went homeward, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: “e-shoⁿ shi e-koⁿ t’e-di-da-we,” i-ye niⁿ i-ya (“ešǫ́ ši ekǫ́ tʔédidawe,” iyé nį iyá) - “then, you went and thus, like that, they killed you,” she was saying, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: ma-shtiⁿ-ke tʰi e-de ma-shtiⁿ-ke tʰi e-de i-ke-ya-we niⁿ i-ya (maštį́ke tʰi edé maštį́ke tʰi edé íkeyáwe nį́ iyá) - “the rabbit has come!, the rabbit has come!” they (black bears) said to one another, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: “hau ma-shtiⁿ-ke o-da-ke tʰi i-ye” i-ke-ya-we niⁿ i-ya (“hau maštį́ke odáke tʰí iyé” íkeyáwe nį́ iyá) - “ho, the rabbit says that he has come to tell us something,” they (black bears) said to one another, they say [JOD]

► Dhegiha: thiⁿ (thiⁿ) - the moving [JOD-Omaha]; thiⁿ (thiⁿ) - a man or animal moving about [FL-Osage]; yi (yi) - continuative, moving/animate [Kaw]

 

► oⁿ-ka-niⁿ (ǫ́kanį) - we, 1pl continuative moving

► ex: oⁿ-ko-we oⁿ-ka-niⁿ (uⁿ-go-we e-ân-ga-ni) - we were [LH]

► Dhegiha: aⁿ-ga-thiⁿ (añ́ga¢iⁿ) - we who move [JOD-Omaha]

 

► a-pa-she (apáše) - you all, 2pl continuative moving

► Dhegiha: pa-she (paašé) - continuative aspect postverbal marker (indicating ongoing action or state in present, past, or future time) for 2^nd pl. sitting/moving/lying down subject, you are characterized by the preceding expression, which may be a noun phrase [CQ-Osage]; pa-she (pashé), ba-she (baashé) - continuative you (plural), while moving [Kaw]

 

► a-pa (apa) - they, 3pl continuative aspect marker, plural of niⁿ (nį)

► cf. a-pa (apá) - they, 3pl continuative moving; a-pa (apa) - the, definite article for pl/mv/an objects; she-pa (šépa), (šéppa) - those mv/vi/an; de-pa (dépa) - these mv/an; ka-pa (kápa), (káppa) - those pl/mv/iv/an; koi-pa (kóipa) - those remote pl/mv/vi/an; ko-wa-pa (kówapa) - those pl/mv/an, yon; to-wa-pa (tówapa) - those pl/mv/an objects on this side

► ex: ni-ka-shi-ka-pa (níkkašikapa) - the (moving) people

► ex: kde pa (kde pá) - they were going homeward [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ ni-ka she-mi-zhi-ka e-naⁿ-pa kde pa i-ya-we (kóišǫ́ttą níkka šémižíka enąpá kde pá iyáwe) - then both the man and little girl were going homeward, they say [JOD]

► ex: koⁿ pa (kǫ pá) - so-3d.pl. classifier, “so they were so” [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿtaⁿ mi-zhi-ka e-zhi ke i-ho-sa a-ta-ha, ni-xo-te a-zhi a-taⁿ ta-xa-xa-ke ka-xe a-taⁿ i-ki-xa koⁿ pa (kóišǫ́ttą mižíka éži ke ihosá attahá, nixótte áži áttą táγaγáke káγe áttą íkixa kǫ pá) - then the other girls scolded her, they put ashes on her which made her cry from the heat, they were laughing at her [JOD]

► ex: xa-ke a-pa (γaké ápa) - they were crying [JOD]

► ex: ka-ki ke mi-zhi-ka ke xa-ke a-pa (kakí ke mižiká ke γaké ápa) - those girls were crying [JOD]

► ex: wa-sa-pa (wasá-ppa) - the moving black bears [JOD]

► ex: wa-sa-pa za-ni hi t’e-wa-de i-ya (wasá-pa zaní hi tʔéwade iyá) - all of the black bears were killed, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► Dhegiha: a-ma (amá) - the plural moving [JOD - Omaha]; a-pa (apa) - continuative aspect postverbal marker (indicating ongoing action or state in present, past, or future time) for 3^rd person sg. or pl. moving or absent subject [CQ-Osage]; a-ba (abá) - continuative he/she/it (animate), while moving or not within sight [Kaw]

 

moving, motion, traveling

► ka-xe noⁿ-ba niⁿ (ká-xe nŭⁿ́-p͓a nyiⁿ́), (káqe naⁿp͓á niⁿ) - masculine name of the (Kwapa) ho i-ni-ka-shi-ka (hu-inikaciga) or Fish gens: Two Ravens in Motion [JOD]

► cf. ka-xe (kkáγe) - raven; naⁿ-pa (ną́pa), noⁿ-pa (nǫ́pa), noⁿ-ba (nǫ́ba) - two; niⁿ (nį) - continuative moving

► Dhegiha: thiⁿ (thiⁿ) - the moving [JOD-Omaha]; thiⁿ (thiⁿ) - a man or animal moving about [FL-Osage]; yi (yi) - continuative, moving/animate [Kaw]

 

► mi o-ka-shaⁿ niⁿ (mi ú-k͓a-caⁿ́ niⁿ) - female name of the Kwapa Sun gens; Traveling Sun (or Moon) [JOD]

► cf. mi (mi) - sun, moon, orb; niⁿ (nį) - continuative moving

► Dhegiha: mi ga-shoⁿ thiⁿ (mígashoⁿthiⁿ) - The Traveling Moon; Traveling or Moving Moon; The Moon That Travels; The Moon Moving, female name [Omaha]; mi ga-shoⁿ-iⁿ (mí-ga-shoⁿ-iⁿ) - Sun That Travels, female personal name [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: thiⁿ (thiⁿ) - the moving [JOD-Omaha]; thiⁿ (thiⁿ) - a man or animal moving about [FL-Osage]; yi (yi) - continuative, moving/animate [Kaw]

 

mower, grass cutter

► we-ka-ba-xe (wékabáγe) - mower, grass cutter

► cf. we (we) - with which to; ka-ba-xe (kabáγe) - cut (a cord) in two; ba-ba-xe (babáγe) - break by thrusting; da-ba-xe (dabáγe) - bite in two; di-ba-xe (dibáγe) - to break by pulling; naⁿ-ba-xe (nąbáγe) - break a cord with the feet; pa-ba-xe (pábaγe) - cut in two, as a cord; po-ba-xe (póbaγe) - shoot a rope, cord in two

► Dhegiha: ga-ba-xe (ga-bá-xe) - to break a string by striking with a stick [FL-Osage]

 

much

► a-ta-ha (áttaha) - too, exceedingly, much, very, often, always

► ex: a-ta-ha (attahá) - often, always [JOD]

► ex: xwiⁿ a-ta-ha (xwį́ attahá) - extremely offensive odor [JOD]

► ex: ni-ka-shi-ka bnaⁿ a-ta-ha (níkkašíka bną́ attahá) - sure enough smells like a human being [JOD]

► ex: “ni-ka-shi-ka bnaⁿ a-ta-ha,” i-ya taⁿ pa o-di-bnaⁿ naⁿ kaⁿ-niⁿ-kʰe naⁿ i-ya-we (“níkkašíka bną́ attahá,” iyá tą ppá ódibną́ ną ką́-nįkʰé ną iyáwe) - as he sat awhile, he sniffed around with his nose, he said, “sure enough smells like a human being”, they say [JOD]

► ex: aⁿ-si-si a-ta-ha (ąsísi attahá) - me very active [JOD]

► ex: iⁿ-chʰoⁿ taⁿ aⁿ-si-si-zhi, haⁿ-t’e shtaⁿ a-ta-ha taⁿ (įčʰǫ́ tą ąsísiží, hątʔé štą attahá tą) - now I’m not active and I’m very sickly [JOD]

► ex: a-te-zhe ti-aⁿ a-ta-ha (atéje tiáⁿ ataha) - I felt an extreme urge to urinate [JOD]

► ex: ni-ka sh’a-ke tʰaⁿ ta t’e-de a-ta-ha (níkka šʔaké tʰą tta tʔéde attahá) - the old man killed many deer [JOD]

► ex: e-ti-taⁿ ti-aⁿ-zhi hi ha-t’e zho-ka-te a-ta-ha (ettítą ttią́ži hí hátʔe žókkatte áttaha) - then shortly after that he became sick with a severe fever [JOD]

► ex: i-ye a-ta-ha naⁿ (iyĕ átahá naⁿ) - he talks too much [JOD]

► ex: o! ka-tʰaⁿ wa-zhiⁿ de-da-zhi hi e-de, i-ye a-ta-ha (o! kátʰą wažį́ dédaži hi edé, íye attahá) - pshaw! I have sure enough lost my patience with him, he talks too much [JOD]

► ex: o-ki-hoⁿ a-ta-ha ti-te-ki-da-zhi (ókihǫ attahá títtekidáži) - cooking-much-she had not caused it to be done [JOD]

► ex: naⁿ-pe-hi a-ta-ha-wi (nąppéhi attaháwi) - they were very hungry [JOD]

► ex: ki-ho-taⁿ a-ta-ha-zhi (kíhottą áttaháži) - dislike something intensely

► Dhegiha: a-ta (á-ta) - beyond, more than, extreme, excessive [JOD-Omaha]; a-ta shoⁿ (ata shoⁿ) - severe, too much, exceed, excess [Omaha]; a-ʰta (á-ṭa) - beyond [FL-Osage]

 

► a-na-hi-te (anáhitte) - much

► e-na-hi-ke (enáhike) - much [OM]

► cf. ha-na-i-te (haná itte) - however much or many; ha-na-hi-te (hanáhitte) - a few, however many; ha-naⁿ-hi-de (haną́hide) - however many/much

► Dhegiha: a-na (á-na) - how much; how many [JOD-Omaha]

 

much, how much or many

► ha-naⁿ (haną́), ha-noⁿ (hanǫ́) - how much, how many

► ho-noⁿ (honǫ́) - how many, how much [OM]

► Dhegiha: ha-noⁿ (há-noⁿ) - how much or how many [FL-Osage]; ha-naⁿ (háaną) - how many, how much [CQ-Osage]; ha-naⁿ (hánaⁿ) - how many, how much [Kaw]

 

► ha-noⁿ-mu-shte (hánǫmušte) - how much, how many, -mu- is unexplained, possibly ha-noⁿ o-shte (hanǫ́ ošté) “how many remain, how many are left”

► cf. ha-naⁿ (haną́), ha-noⁿ (hanǫ́) - how much, how many; o-shte (ošté) - remain, be left over

 

much, however much or many

► ha-na-i-te (haná itte) - however much or many

► ha-na-hi-te (hanáhitte) - a few, however many

► ha-naⁿ-hi-de (haną́hide) - however many/much

► cf. ha-naⁿ (haną́), ha-noⁿ (hanǫ́) - how much, how many; hi-te (hitté) - indefinite prn., (what)-ever; i-te (-itté) - indefinite prn. marker, -ever

► Dhegiha: ha-noⁿ (há-noⁿ) - how much or how many [FL-Osage]; ha-naⁿ (háaną) - how many, how much [CQ-Osage]; ha-naⁿ (hánaⁿ) - how many, how much [Kaw]

 

much, laugh much

► i-xa de-de (íxa déde) - giggle, laugh much ► i-da-xa de-a-de (idáxa déade) - I, i-da-xa de-da-de (ídaxa dédade) - you

► cf. i-xa (íxa) - laugh, smile; de-de (déde) - sent away, causative of go; i-xa-xa (íxaxa) - laugh often, make fun of

► Dhegiha: i-xa wa-the-the (íxa wathethe) - comical [Omaha]

► Dhegiha: i-xa (íqa) - laugh, laugh at, to laugh, to laugh at someone or something [Omaha/Ponca]; i-xa (íxa) - chuckle, giggle, laugh, smile [Omaha]; i-xa (í-xa) - to laugh, to titter [FL-Osage]; i-xa (íixa) - laugh, laugh at [CQ-Osage]; i-xa (íxa) - laugh; smile [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: the-the (thé-the) - to send to transmit [FL-Osage]; the-the (ðéeðe) - cause to go [CQ-Osage]; ye-ye (yéye) - auxiliary verb indicating sudden movement or forceful action [Kaw]

 

much, many

► zho-hi (žóhi) - much, many

► cf. zho-hi hi (žóhi hi) - very many, very much

► ex: ni-ka-shi-ka zho-hi (níkkašíka žohí) - many people [JOD]

 

much, so much as

► ke-hi-te (kéhitte) - even, so much as

► cf. e-hi-te (éhitte) - so ever [JOD]

 

much, this much

► de-she-naⁿ (dešeną́) - this much, this quantity, this many

► cf. de (de) - this; koi-she-naⁿ (kóišeną́) - that amount, that quantity

 

► de-tʰaⁿ-ha (detʰą́ha) - this (much) deep

► cf. de (de) - this; a-tʰaⁿ-ha (atʰą́ha) - how deep; kaⁿ-ze a-tʰaⁿ-ha (kką́ze átʰąha) - equal or like depth; miⁿ-de-tʰaⁿ-ha (mįdétʰąha) - half that depth; she-tʰaⁿ-ha (šetʰą́ha) - deep enough, a certain depth

 

► de-tʰaⁿ-ka (detʰąkká), de-taⁿ-ka (dettąká) - this (much) tall

► cf. de (de) - this; a-tʰaⁿ-ka (atʰąkká) - how tall, how high; kaⁿ-ze a-tʰaⁿ-ka (kką́ze atʰąkká) - of equal height; miⁿ-de-tʰaⁿ-ka (mįdétʰąká) - half that height; she-tʰaⁿ-ka (šetʰąkká), she-taⁿ-ka (šettąká) - tall enough, a certain height

 

► de-tʰoⁿ (detʰǫ́), de-tʰaⁿ (detʰą́) - this (much) long

► cf. de (de) - this; ka-tʰaⁿ (katʰą́) - that long, of that length; kaⁿ-ze a-tʰaⁿ (kką́ze átʰą) - of equal length; she-tʰaⁿ (šetʰą) - long enough, a certain length; miⁿ-de-tʰoⁿ (mįdétʰǫ), miⁿ-de-toⁿ (mįdéttǫ) - half that length

 

much, too much

► wa-te-xi (wattéxi) - difficult, too much, too high a price

► cf. o-te-xi (óttexi) - difficult to do; haⁿ-ba wa-te-xi zhi-ka (hą́ba wattéxi žíka) - Saturday, “little Sunday”; haⁿ-ba wa-te-xi (hą́ba wattéxi) - Sunday; haⁿ-ba wa-te-xi naⁿ-pa (hąbá wattéxi nąpá) - fortnight, two Sundays

► Dhegiha: wa-te-xi (watéxi) - difficult action with a purpose, male name [Omaha]; wa-ʰtse-xi (wa-ṭsé-xi) - difficult to destroy, to be tenacious of life, stingy, ungenerous, not liberal, penurious [FL-Osage]; wa-ʰtse-xi (waʰcéxi) - be difficult, hard, challenging, not easy to do [CQ-Osage]; wa-tse-xi (wacéxi) - be hard, difficult to endure, something difficult, be difficult [Kaw]

 

much, very much

► zho-hi hi (žóhi hi) - very many, very much

► cf. zho-hi (žóhi) - much, many; hi (hi) - very

► ex: wa-sa ka-hi-ke taⁿ-ka niⁿ-kʰe ni-ka-shi-ka zho-hi hi e-ti hi-wi naⁿ t’e-da-we i-ya i-we-ke i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke niⁿ-kʰe (wasá kahíke ttą́ka nįkʰe níkkašíka žóhi hi étti híwi ną́ tʔédawé iyá iwéke iyá maštį́ke nįkʰe) - they say that a great many people went there and they killed the black bear principal chief, the rabbit said to them, they say [JOD]

► ex: “wi-te-ke ni-ka-shi-ka zho-hi hi shkoⁿ-wa-da-we,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke niⁿ-kʰe (“wítteke níkkašíka žóhi hi škǫ́wadáwe,” iyí iyá maštį́ke niⁿkʰe) - “my uncle, many people are here and will dislodge us,” said the rabbit, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ-tʰaⁿ-hi ni-ka-shi-ka zho-hi hi o-kda-x’a-x’a-we i-ya (hǫ́tʰąhi níkkašíka žóhi hi okdáxʔaxʔáwe iyá) - then, a great many people gave the scalp yell, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: si-ka taⁿ-ka zho-hi hi (síkka ttą́ka žóhi hi) - many turkeys [JOD]

► ex: wa-zhiⁿ-ka zho-hi hi t’e-aⁿ-de aⁿ-ka-kde te-a (wažį́ka žóhi hí tʔeą́de ąkákde tteá) - we have killed many birds, let’s go home [JOD]

► ex: e-shoⁿ-hi wa-zhiⁿ-ka zho-hi hi t’e-da-we (ešǫ́hi wažį́ka žóhi hí tʔédawe) - after some time, they killed many birds [JOD]

► ex: shi-zhi-ka zho-hi hi (šižíka žóhi hi) - family, “a lot of children” [MS]

► ex: zho-hi hi ka-xa-we (žohí hi káγawe) - they made many [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ i-ki-pʰe ki-ha naⁿ ni-ka-shi-ka zho-hi hi tʰi-naⁿ-we (kóišǫ́ttą íkipʰe kihá ną níkkašíka žóhi hí tʰí-ną-we) - then, when he is finished inviting many people, they usually come [JOD]

► ex: e-de ni-ka-shi-ka zho-hi hi o-kda-x’a-x’a-we i-ya bdo-ka hi (edé níkkašíka žóhi hi okdáxʔaxʔáwe iyá bdóka hi) - but there were a great many people, the entire group gave the scalp yell, it is said (they say) [JOD]

 

mucous, pus, corruption

► xdi (xdi) - mucous, pus, corruption

► cf. xdi-xdi (xdíxdi), xti-xti (xtíxti) - boil; a sore on the body

► Dhegiha: xthi (xthi) - sore, opus [Omaha]; xthi (qthi) - ooze, break out; to ooze out as pus from a boil or pimple that has burst; to break out in sores; xthi (xthi) - fester, suppurate [FL-Osage]; xliⁿ (xlíⁿ) - mucus, pus [Kaw]

 

mucus, nasal mucus

► pa-xni (ppaxní) - snot, nasal mucus

► cf. pa (ppa) - nose, beak, bill; xdi (xdi) - mucous, pus, corruption

► Dhegiha: pa-xthiⁿ (paqthíⁿ) - nasal mucus, nasal excretion, snot [Omaha/Ponca]; pa-xthiⁿ (paxthiⁿ) - snot [Omaha]; ʰpa-xthiⁿ (p̣a-xthíⁿ) - mucus from the nose [FL-Osage]; ʰpa-liⁿ (ʰpalį́), ʰpa-ʰliⁿ (ʰpaʰlį), ʰpa-li (ʰpali) - mucus from the nose, runny nose, snot [CQ-Osage]; pa-xliⁿ (paxlíⁿ) - nasal mucus, snot [Kaw]

 

mud catfish

► to-ze (ttóze) - catfish, mud catfish

► to-ze (ttóze) - catfish [MS]

► cf. wa-to-ze (wattóze) - catfish

► Dhegiha: tu-ze (túze) - dark catfish, found in the Missouri River [Omaha/Ponca]; tu-ze (túçe) - catfish [Omaha]; ʰto-ze (ṭó-çe) - catfish, the catfish is used by both the Osage and Omaha for good [FL-Osage]; ʰto-ze (ʰtóze) - catfish [CQ-Osage]

 

mud hen

► ni ta-zhe naⁿ-pe (ni ttáže ną́ppe) - mud hen, mud hens are called, ni ta-zhe naⁿ-pe (ni ttáže ną́ppe), “fear to see waves” [JOD]

► cf. ni ta-zhe (ni ttáže) - wave (in a body of water); naⁿ-pe (ną́ppe), noⁿ-pe (nǫ́ppe) - to fear the sight of something

► Dhegiha: wa-noⁿ-pe (wanoⁿpe) - fear [Omaha]; noⁿ-ʰpe (nóⁿ-p̣e) - to fear, to dread, to have a horror, to be afraid, to be timid [FL-Osage]; noⁿ-ʰpe (nǫ́ǫʰpe) - be afraid or scared, fear [CQ-Osage]; noⁿ-pe (nóⁿpe) - be afraid of what is visible [Kaw]

 

mud, mire

► ka-ta-te (kattátte), (katátte) - mud, mire

► ex: ka-ta-te de di-sh’a-i niⁿ (kattátte de diš’ai nį) - he became mired and was unable (failed) to go [JOD]

► ex: haⁿ-ni-tʰe ka-ta-te ka-xdo de (hą́nitʰé kattátte kaxdó dé) - somehow he got through (pierced) the mud/mire [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ga-na-de (ganáde) - mire, stuck, to get stuck, said of horses or oxen [Omaha/Ponca]; ga-da-dse (ga-dá-dse) - miry, boggy, marsh mire [FL-Osage]; ka-ta-tse (káataace) - stick, get stuck [CQ-Osage]; ga-da-je (gadáje) - stuck in the mud, to get mired; mud, mire, muck, a slough, quicksand [Kaw]

 

mud, shallow mud

► ma-xdi-xdi-we (máxdixdíwe), ma-xti-xti-we (máxtixtíwe) - shallow mud

► Dhegiha: qthi-be (qthíbe) - swampy, muddy [Omaha/Ponca]; qthi-qthi-be (qthiqthíbe) - swampy, muddy, miry [Omaha/Ponca]; maⁿ-xthi-xthi-be (maⁿ-q¢í-q¢i-be) - deep mud, extending below the surface, as after a thaw or frequent raines [JOD-Omaha]; moⁿ-xthi-xthi-be (moⁿxthi xthibe) - mud, muddy [Omaha]; maⁿ-xli-xli (maⁿxlíxli) - earth that is springy, swampy, ‘squishy’ and oozing [Kaw]; xli-xli (xlíxli) - miry, mud and water oozing up [Kaw]

 

mud, stuck in mud

► o-ka-kdo (okákdo) - become mired, stuck in mud

► cf. ma-ni-ka o-ka-kdo (maníkka okákdo) - quicksand; kdo-kdo (kdókdo) - slimy, muddy, ropy, viscous; we-ka-kdo-kdo (wékakdókdo) - gravy; di-kdo-kdo (dikdókdó) - mash, make mushy; wa-zhoⁿ-ke ski-de kdo-kdo (wažǫ́ke skíde kdókdo) - molasses, syrup, “ropy sugar”; wa-zhoⁿ-ke ski-de kdo-kdo (wažǫ́ke skíde kdókdo) - syrup [OM]; a-be-di-kno-kno (ahpeh-dihknokenoh) - cabbage (choux) [GI]; a-be-jhi-ʰnoⁿ-ʰnoⁿ (abeǰíʰnǫʰnǫ) - cabbage [AG, OM]

► ex: o-ka-kdo niⁿ (okákdo nį́) - he sank in the hole [JOD]

 

muddy, slimy, ropy, viscous

► kdo-kdo (kdókdo) - slimy, muddy, ropy, viscous

► cf. o-ka-kdo (okákdo) - become mired, stuck in mud; ma-ni-ka o-ka-kdo (maníkka okákdo) - quicksand

► ex: wa-zhoⁿ-ke ski-de kdo-kdo (wažǫ́ke skíde kdókdo) - molasses, syrup, “ropy sugar”

► ex: wa-zhoⁿ-ke ski-de kdo-kdo (wažǫ́ke skíde kdókdo) - syrup [OM]

► ex: we-ka-kdo-kdo (wékakdókdo) - gravy

► ex: we-ka-kdo-kdo (wékakdókdo) - gravy [LQ, AG, OM]

► ex: di-kdo-kdo (dikdókdó) - mash, make mushy

► ex: a-be-di-kno-kno (ahpeh-dihknokenoh) - cabbage (choux) [GI]

► ex: a-be-jhi-ʰnoⁿ-ʰnoⁿ (abeǰíʰnǫʰnǫ) - cabbage [AG, OM]

 

mulberry tree

► zhaⁿ to-hi (žą ttohi) - mulberry tree [MS]

► Dhegiha: zoⁿ-zi u-kʰe-thiⁿ (zoⁿzí ukʰéthiⁿ) - mulberry, common mulberry [Omaha/Ponca]; zoⁿ-zi (zoⁿzí) - Moraceae, Osage Orange, mulberry [Omaha/Ponca]; zhoⁿ-zi (zhoⁿçi) - Osage Orange Tree, Mulberry Tree [Omaha]; zho ʰtoⁿ hi (zhó-ṭoⁿ hi) - mulberry tree (Morus), known as Indian mulberry [FL-Osage]; zhoⁿ da-da-ze (zhóⁿ-da-da-çe) - the mulberry tree (Morus), when this wood is used for fuel it makes a crackling sound [FL-Osage]; zhaⁿ da-da-ze (zháⁿ dadáze) - mulberry tree, used for making pipe stems [Kaw]

 

mule

► naⁿ-ta taⁿ-ka (nąttá ttą́ka) - mule, lit. “big ears”

► naⁿ-ta taⁿ-ka (nottah-tunkah) - mule (mulet) [GI]

► naⁿ-ta taⁿ-ka (nąttá ttą́ka) - donkey [MS]

► cf. naⁿ-ta (nąttá) - ear, the external ear; taⁿ-ka (ttą́ka) - big, large

► Dhegiha: ni-ta taⁿ-ga (ni-t͓á t͓añ-ga) - “big ears”, a mule, donkey [JOD-Omaha]; ni-ta toⁿ-ga (nita toⁿga) - mule [Omaha]; noⁿ-ʰta ʰtoⁿ-ga (noⁿ-ṭá ṭoⁿ-ga) - mule, “big ears” [FL-Osage]; naⁿ-taⁿ ʰtaⁿ (nąąʰtą́ʰtąą), naⁿ-taⁿ ʰtaⁿ-ka (nąąʰtą́ʰtąka) - mule, jack mule, donkey, burro, ass, lit., “big ears” [CQ-Osage]; naⁿ-ta taⁿ-ga (naⁿtá tàⁿga) - mule [Kaw]

 

► naⁿ-ta ste-te (nąttá stétte) - mule, “long ears”

► cf. naⁿ-ta (nąttá) - ear, the external ear; ste-te (stétte) - tall, long

► Dhegiha: ʰta noⁿ-ta stse-e (ṭá-noⁿ-tá-stse-e) - mule deer, “long eared deer” [FL-Osage]

 

multiply

► zho-hi ka-xe (žóhi káγe) - to multiply, “to make much or many”

► cf. zho-hi (žóhi) - much, many; ka-xe (káγe) - make, do, cause

 

mush

► wa-ti-te (watítte) - mush, “boiled until done”

► cf. ti-te (títte) - ripe, cooked; ti-te-de (títtede) - cook something

► Dhegiha: wa-niⁿ-de (waníⁿde) - mush [Omaha/Ponca]; wa-niⁿ-de (waniⁿde) - mush [Omaha]; wa-dsu-dse (wa-dsu-dse) - mush [FL-Osage]; wa-ju-je (wajúje) - mush, corn mush; rice; can also refer to corn; gravy [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: niⁿ-de (niⁿ́-de) - cooked till done, as food; burnt or frozen, as parts of the body or the face, by exposure to heat or cold; blistered, as by a mustard plaster or fly-blister [JOD-Omaha]; niⁿ-de (niⁿde) - ripe [Omaha]; dsu-dse (dsú-dse) - cooked well done [FL-Osage]; tsu-tse (cúuce) - done, cooked, ripe, mellow, mature, cook well done [CQ-Osage]; ju-je (júje) - cooked, done, as when fully cooked; burned, blistered [Kaw]

 

mushmelon

► wa-tʰaⁿ si-ta (watʰą sítta) - muskmelon, mushmelon

► cf. wa-tʰaⁿ (watʰą́) - watermelon [MS, OM]; wa-tʰaⁿ o-ha (watʰą óha) - pumpkin; wa-tʰoⁿ to (watʰǫ́ tto) - pumpkin; wa-tʰaⁿ sa-ka (watʰą́ sákka) - watermelon; wa-tʰaⁿ sa-ka (uaton-sakkah) - honeydew melon (melon d’eau) [GI]

► Dhegiha: wa-toⁿ (watoⁿ) - pumpkin, squash, melon [Omaha]; wa-ʰtoⁿ (waṭóⁿ) - pumpkin, squash, or any of the vegetables of that family [FL-Osage]; wa-txaⁿ (watxą́), wa-kxaⁿ (wakxą́) - pumpkin, squash [CQ-Osage]; wa-khaⁿ (wakháⁿ) - pumpkin (generic term) [Kaw]

 

mushy, make mushy

► di-kdo-kdo (dikdókdó) - mash, make mushy ► bdi-kdo-kdo (bdíkdokdo) - I, ti-kdo-kdo (ttíkdokdo) - you

► cf. kdo-kdo (kdókdo) - slimy, muddy, ropy, viscous; wa-zhoⁿ-ke ski-de kdo-kdo (wažǫ́ke skíde kdókdo) - molasses, syrup, “ropy sugar”; wa-zhoⁿ-ke ski-de kdo-kdo (wažǫ́ke skíde kdókdo) - syrup [OM]; we-ka-kdo-kdo (wékakdókdo) - gravy; a-be-di-kno-kno (ahpeh-dihknokenoh) - cabbage (choux) [GI]; a-be-jhi-ʰnoⁿ-ʰnoⁿ (abeǰíʰnǫʰnǫ) - cabbage [AG, OM]; o-ka-kdo (okákdo) - mired, become, stuck in mud; ma-ni-ka o-ka-kdo (maníkka okákdo) - quicksand

 

musket

► ma-ze ……. ni-kaⁿ-saⁿ (moseheschtih-nikkonson) - musket (mousquet) [GI]

► cf. ma-ze (máze) - iron or gun; ?; ni-kaⁿ-saⁿ (nikkąsą́) - police

 

muskmelon

► wa-tʰaⁿ si-ta (watʰą sítta) - muskmelon, mushmelon

► cf. wa-tʰaⁿ (watʰą́) - watermelon [MS, OM]; wa-tʰaⁿ o-ha (watʰą óha) - pumpkin; wa-tʰoⁿ to (watʰǫ́ tto) - pumpkin; wa-tʰaⁿ sa-ka (watʰą́ sákka) - watermelon; wa-tʰaⁿ sa-ka (uaton-sakkah) - honeydew melon (melon d’eau) [GI]

► Dhegiha: wa-toⁿ (watoⁿ) - pumpkin, squash, melon [Omaha]; wa-ʰtoⁿ (waṭóⁿ) - pumpkin, squash, or any of the vegetables of that family [FL-Osage]; wa-txaⁿ (watxą́), wa-kxaⁿ (wakxą́) - pumpkin, squash [CQ-Osage]; wa-khaⁿ (wakháⁿ) - pumpkin (generic term) [Kaw]

 

muskrat

► ta-si (ttási) - muskrat

► ta-si (ttási) - muskrat [MS]

► Dhegiha: ta-si (ṭa-çí) - muskrat [FL-Osage]; ʰta-tsʰi (ʰtacʰí) - muskrat [CQ-Osage]; ta-si zhiⁿ-ga (tási zhiⁿga) - muskrat [Kaw]

 

muskrat, to hunt muskrat

► ta-si di-xe (ttási dixé) - to hunt muskrat ► ta-si bdi-xe (ttási bdíxe) - I, ta-si ti-xe (ttási ttíxe) - you

► cf. ta-si (ttási) - muskrat; di-xe (dixé) - chase, pursue, hunt

► Dhegiha: ta-si (ṭa-çí) - muskrat [FL-Osage]; ʰta-tsʰi (ʰtacʰí) - muskrat [CQ-Osage]; ta-si zhiⁿ-ga (tási zhiⁿga) - muskrat [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: thi-xe (thíxe) - chasing, chase after [Omaha]; thi-xe (thi-xé) - to pursue, to chase [FL-Osage]; thu-xi (ðuxí) - chase [CQ-Osage]; yu-xe (yuxé) - chase, pursue [Kaw]

 

mustache

► i-ha-hiⁿ (íhahį́) - mustache, “mouth hair”

► cf. i-ha (íha) - mouth; hiⁿ (hį) - fur, hair of the body, down of bird; da-ka-hiⁿ (dakáhį) - whiskers, sideburns; di-ba-hiⁿ (dibáhį) - beard; ta-te-hiⁿ (ttattéhį) - hair on the sides of the head, hair on the temples; ma-shtiⁿ-ke hiⁿ (maštį́ke hį́) - rabbit fur; ta hiⁿ (ttahį́) - deer’s hair

► Dhegiha: i-ha (iha) - mouth [Omaha/Ponca]; i-ha (í-ha) - mouth [FL-Osage]; i-ha (íhaa) - mouth [CQ-Osage]; i-ha (íha) - mouth, or top of the mouth; lips [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: hiⁿ (híⁿ) - hair [Omaha/Ponca]; hiⁿ (hiⁿ) - hair on body, fur [Omaha]; hiⁿ (hiⁿ) - hair or fur, hair of the human body, also the hair of an animal [FL-Osage]; hiⁿ (hį́į) - hair, whiskers, fur, fuzz as on a peach [CQ-Osage]; hiⁿ (hiⁿ) - fur, body hair, feathers [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: i (i) - mouth of a person or animal [Omaha/Ponca]; i (i) - mouth [Omaha]; i (i) - mouth [FL-Osage]; i (i) - mouth [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: i-hiⁿ (íhiⁿ) - moustache, “mouth hair” [Omaha/Ponca]; i-ki-hiⁿ (íkihiⁿ) - beard [Omaha/Ponca]; i-ki-hiⁿ (iki hiⁿ) - mustache, beard, whiskers [Omaha]; i-hiⁿ (í-hiⁿ), iⁿ-hiⁿ (íⁿ-hiⁿ) - mustache, beard [FL-Osage]; iⁿ-hiⁿ (į́hį) - beard [CQ-Osage]; iⁿ-hiⁿ (íⁿhiⁿ) - whiskers [Kaw]

 

mutch-hotch

► wa-zhiⁿ zha ma-ni (wažį žá máni) - nuthatch, lit. “walks upside down”; mutch-hotch; Sittidae

► cf. wa-zhiⁿ-ka (wažį́ka), wa-zhiⁿ (wažį́) - bird; maⁿ-niⁿ (mąnį́) - walk

► Dhegiha: zhoⁿ xa-tha a-he (zhoⁿ qátha áhe) - nuthatch or Nuttall’s woodpecker; bird that “goes back again down the tree” [Omaha/Ponca]

 

mute

► i-a-zhi (íaží) - mute

► cf. i-e (ie), i-ye (íye) - talk, speak; zhi (ži) - negative, negation, not

► Dhegiha: i-a-zhi (íazhi) - not to speak, to be silent, negation of i-e (íe) [Omaha/Ponca]; i-a-zhi (í-a-zhi) - a mute, reticent, “speak not” [FL-Osage]; i-a-zhi (íaži) - to say nothing [CQ-Osage]

 

mutter

► zhi-zhi-we (žižíwe) - mutter ► a-zhi-zhi-we (ažížiwe) - I, da-zhi-zhi-we (dažížiwe) - you

► Dhegiha: zhi-zhi (zhizhí) - in a whisper [Omaha/Ponca]; zhi-zhi i-e (jiji íe) - to talk in a whisper [JOD-Omaha]

 

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