Quapaw Dictionary

English to Quapaw Dictionary
A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H-I-J-K-L-M-N-O-P-Q-R-S-T-U-V-W-X-Y-Z
Quapaw Sources	Dhegiha Sources

clatter

► di-xa-xa-da (dixáxada) - clatter, noise of planks ► bdi-xa-xa-da (bdíxaxada) - I, ti-xa-xa-da (ttíxaxada) - you

►cf. ka-xa-xa-da (kaxáxada) - thump, make a dull sound; ka-ha a-na-xa-da (kkehá anaxáda) - shell shaker, stomp dance shells [MS]

clavicle

► to-si wa-hi (tosí wahí) - collar bone, clavicle

► cf. to-si (tosí) - armpit; wa-hi (wahí) - bone

claw

► sha-ke (šáke) - claw, talon, hoof

► ex: wa-zhiⁿ-ka xo-we sha-ke (wažį́ka xówe šáke) - eagle claw [MS]

► ex: wa-zhiⁿ-ka sha-ke (wažį́ka šáke) - bird's claw

► ex: wa-zhiⁿ-ka sha-ke to-te wa-naⁿ-‘iⁿ (wažį́ka šáke tótte waną́ʔį) - birds' claw necklace

► ex: naⁿ-pe sha-ke (nąpé šáke) - fingernails [MS]

► ex: si-pa sha-ke (sippá šáke) - toe nails [MS]

► Dhegiha: sha-ge (shage) - hoof, talon, claws, fingernails [Omaha]; sha-ge (shá-ge) - hands, paws, claws, talons [FL-Osage]; sha-ke (šáake) - hand, claw, handprint, footprint, tracks, hands of the body that are touched by the attendees when passing by it at a funeral, finger [CQ-Osage]; sha-ge (sháge) - claws, finger [Kaw]

► sha-ke ste-te (cák͓e stétĕ) - female name [JOD]

► cf. sha-ke (šáke) - claw, talon, hoof; ste-te (stétte) - tall, long

claw, catch in the claws, scratch

► di-xda-te (dixdátte) - catch in the claws, scratch

► Dhegiha: thi-xtha-de (thixtháde) - claw, animal claw [Omaha]; we-thi-xtha-de (wéthiqtháde) - grappling irons [Omaha/Ponca]

claw, Sharp Claws

► sha-ke po-i (ca-k͓ĕ′ pú-i), (ca-k͓ĕ′ pwí) - masculine name of the wa-zhiⁿ-ka (wajiñk͓a) or Bird gens; Sharp Claws (of a bird). Name of the son of wa-zhiⁿ ska (wajiⁿ ska) and wa-zhiⁿ mi te-xi (wa-jiⁿ mi teqi) [JOD]

► cf. sha-ke (šáke) - claw, talon, hoof; po-i (ppoí), po-hiⁿ (ppohį́) - sharp

► Dhegiha: sha-ge pa-hi (shá-ge-pa-hi) - Sharp Talons, personal name [FL-Osage]; sha-ge pa-hi (sháge pahí) - Sharp Claws, male name [Kaw]

► sha-ke …. (cák͓e púi) - female name [JOD]

clay pottery

► ma-ni-ka de-xe (maníkka déγe) - pottery, clay pottery, stopped making 40 or 50 years ago, not made after 1840 [JOD]

► cf. ma-ni-ka (maníkka) - earth, soil, ground; de-xe (déγe) - pot, kettle

► Dhegiha: moⁿ-thiⁿ-ʰka ʰtse-xe (moⁿ-thíⁿ-ḳa ṭse-xe), moⁿ-iⁿ-ʰka tse-xe (moⁿ-íⁿ-ḳa tse-xe) - pottery, earthenware [FL-Osage]

clean

► i-ti-ze (íttize) - clean out the house ► i-da-ti-ze (idáttize) - I, i-da-ti-ze (ídattize) - you

► cf. kda-ti-ze (kdattíze) - sweep out one's house; we-ka-ti-ze (wékattíze) - broom

► Dhegiha: thi-dsi-ze (thi-dsí-çe) - remove from office (strictly speaking means ‘remove’ only, no mention of office [FL-Osage]; thi-tsi-ze (ðicíze) - dust or clean e.g., the house, move, remove, take away [CQ-Osage]

► di-ki-za (dikkíza) - clean up, put things away ► bdi-ki-za (bdíkkiza) - I, ti-ki-za (ttíkkiza) - you

► cf. wa-ki-za (wakkíza) - space, bare spot

► Dhegiha: ki-za (kíza) - open forest, trees without undergrowth, including tall grass, sunflowers, etc. [Omaha/Ponca]

► di-ki-ki-za (dikkíkkiza) - clean up, put house in order ► bdi-ki-ki-za (bdíkkikkíza) - I, ti-ki-ki-za (ttíkkikkíza) - you

► cf. wa-ki-za (wakkíza) - space, bare spot

► Dhegiha: ki-ki-za (kíkiza) - clear, clear patches, places here and there where one can see distant things, as the fog breaks away [Omaha/Ponca]

► di-wa-hi-ska-ha (diwáhiskahá) - pick a bone clean ► bdi-wa-hi-ska-ha (bdíwahiskahá) - I, ti-wa-hi-ska-ha (ttíwahiskahá) - you

► cf. di (di) - by hand, pulling; wa-hi (wahí) - bone; wa-ska-ha (waskáha) - whitened, white

► Dhegiha: ska-ha (skáha) - bright, clear [CQ-Osage]; wa-ska-ha (waskáha) - become white all along a surface, as the light at dawn [Kaw]

► di-wa-si-taⁿ-hi (diwásittąhí) - pluck clean, e.g. of feathers ► bdi-wa-si-taⁿ-hi (bdíwasittąhi) - I, ti-wa-si-taⁿ-hi (ttíwasittąhi) - you

► cf. di (di) - by hand, pulling; wa-si-taⁿ-hi (wasíttąhi) - neat

► Dhegiha: wa-si-hi (wa-çí-hi) - neat, tidy, clean in character, without reproach, free from blame [FL-Osage]; wa-su-hu (wasúhu) - clean, clear, cleanly, clearly [CQ-Osage]; wa-su-hu (wasúhu) - be clean, neat, tidy, above reproach [Kaw]

clear

► da-wa-ska (dawáska) - clearly, plainly

► cf. da (da) - by mouth; wa-ska (wáska) - clear, intelligible; haⁿ-ba wa-ska-de (hąbá waskáde) - daylight; wa-ska-ha (waskáha) - whitened, white; i-shta wa-sko-knaⁿ (ištá waskókną) - glasses, eye glasses [MS]

► Dhegiha: tha-wa-ska (tha-wá-çka) - to make a clear statement [FL-Osage]

► i-ye wa-ska (iyéwaska) - interpreter, lit. "talk clear"

► cf. i-ye (íye) - word; i-ye (iyé) - say; i-ye (íye) - talk, speak; wa-ska (wáska) - clear, intelligible; i-shta wa-sko-knaⁿ (ištá waskókną) - glasses, eye glasses, “i-shta (ištá) - eye + wa-ska (wáska) - clear, intelligible + o-knaⁿ (ókną) - put on [MS]

► Dhegiha: i-e ska (iéskă) - interpreter, speak well, interpret, to speak a language plainly, to act as an interpreter [Omaha/Ponca]; i-e wa-ska (í-e-wa-çka) - an interpreter, translator [FL-Osage]; i-e wa-ska (íe waská) - clear words, interpreter [CQ-Osage]; i-e ska (íeska), i-e wa-ska (íewaská) - speak clearly, clear words, clear language [CQ-Osage]; i-e wa-ska (íe waská) - talk clearly, intelligibly, plainly, to interpret, interpreter [Kaw]

► ta-wa-di-shta (táwadíšta) - burn off, clear by burning

► cf. ta (tá) - by heat, by extreme temperature; wa-di-shta (wadíšta) - visible, plain; di-shta (dištá) - smooth, plane, sand; shta (šta) - smooth, bald, bare

► Dhegiha: da-shta (dá-shta) - to singe, to scorch [FL-Osage]; dashta ye (dáshta ye) - burn off, singe off [Kaw]

clear sky

► ke-da (kkéda) - clear sky

► Dhegiha: tu ke-tha e-goⁿ (tú kétha egoⁿ) - sky blue, light blue, dark green with an indigo tinge [Omaha/Ponca]; ʰke-tha (ḳé-tha) - the sky, the unclouded or clear sky [FL-Osage]; ʰke-tho (ʰkéðo) - clear sky, as after a storm [CQ-Osage]; ke-ya (kéya) - be clear, as sky or water [Kaw]

► ke-da to (ké-d^¢a tú) - masculine name, Blue Sky; killed father of wa-zhiⁿ da-kniⁿ (wajĭⁿ d^¢akt^çiⁿ) and son of miⁿ x’aⁿ-sa (miⁿ q′aⁿsa) [JOD]

► cf. ke-da (kkéda) - clear sky; to (tto) - blue, green, grue

► ke-da mi (ké-d^¢é mi) - female name, Clear Sky Female [JOD]

► cf. ke-da (kkéda) - clear sky; mi (mi), miⁿ (mį) - female

► ke-da iⁿ, ke taⁿ-iⁿ (ke taⁿ′iⁿ) - female name, Clear Sky, Visible [JOD]

► cf. ke-da (kkéda) - clear sky; taⁿ-iⁿ (ttą́į) - visible, in sight

► ke-da zhi-ka (ked^¢á jík͓a) - masculine name [JOD]

► cf. ke-da (kkéda) - clear sky; zhi-ka (žiká) - small, little, young

► ke-da ka-xe (ked^¢á k͓axĕ′) - masculine name [JOD]

► cf. ke-da (kkéda) - clear sky; ka-xe (káγe) - make, do, cause

► ke-da ti haⁿ-ka (ked^¢á tí hañk͓a) - masculine name [JOD]

► cf. ke-da (kkéda) - clear sky; tʰi (tʰi) - arrive, to have come here haⁿ-ka (hą́ka) - ancestral gens

clench

► di-ski-ke (diskíke) - clench, pack in the hands ► bdi-ski-ke (bdískike) - I, ti-ski-ke (ttískike) - you

► cf. di-ski-ski-ke (diskískike) - pack, e.g. snowballs, with hands

► Dhegiha: thi-ski-ke (ðiiskíke) - wad up, bring the parts of a whole together with pressure, bring components into contact, make a fist, grind together, gather [CQ-Osage]; yu-ski-ge (yuskíge) - clench [Kaw]

► noⁿ-pe di-ski-ke (nǫpé diskíke) - clench the fist

► cf. naⁿ-pe (nąpé), noⁿ-pe (nǫpé) - hand; di-ski-ke (diskíke) - clench, pack in the hands

► Dhegiha: noⁿ-be thi-ski-ge (noⁿ-bé thi-çki-ge) - hand folded, the fist [FL-Osage]; noⁿ-pe a-ski-ke (nǫǫpé askíke) - fist [CQ-Osage]; naⁿ-be yu-ski-ge (naⁿbé yuskíge) - to make a fist, clench the fist [Kaw]

clerk

► i-ka-zo-zo ka-xe kniⁿ (íkazózo káγe knį) - clerk, he who sits writing

► cf. i-ka-zo (íkazo) - write, draw; i-ka-zo-zo- (íkazózo) - book, paper, letter; ka-xe (káγe) - make, do, cause; kniⁿ (knį), kdiⁿ (kdį) - sit, be in a place, camp, be sitting

cliff

► maⁿ-shi hi (mąší hi) - cliff

► cf. maⁿ-shi (mąší) - upper, upward, heaven; maⁿ-shi hi (mą́ši hí) - high, high up, incommunicative; maⁿ-shi de (mą́ši dé) - go up, ascend; maⁿ-shi o-ki (mą́ši okkí) - Christian, lit."talks on high"; maⁿ-shi o-ki o-ti (mą́ši okkí ótti) - church, "house to talk above"; maⁿ-shi taⁿ-ka (mąší ttą́ka) - mountain

► Dhegiha: moⁿ-shi (móⁿ-shi) - up above, the arch of heaven, zenith [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-shi (mą́ši) - be upward or upright [CQ-Osage]; maⁿ-shi (máⁿshi) - high up, as the sun in the sky, said of things that are not connected to or otherwise in contact with the ground [Kaw]

► ma-zi o-di-ko-te (mázi ódikótte) - bluff, cliff

► cf. maⁿ-zi (mą́azi) - bank, embankment; di-ko-te (dikótte) - dig out, probe; ma-zi-ya (mazíya) - shore

► ex: maⁿ-zi a-ka-spe (mą́azi ákaspe) - to cave in on, as a bank does

► ex: maⁿ-zi a-di-ka-spe na-ha (mą́azi ádikáspe nahá) - beware lest the bank cave in on you!

climb

► a-te (átte) - climb ► a-a-te (áatte) - I, a-da-te (ádatte) - you, oⁿ-ka-ta-we (uñk͓atawe) - we

► Dhegiha: a-ne (ane) - hug, embrace [Omaha]; a-dse (á-dse) - to climb up a tree, to embrace, to clasp in the arms with affection [FL-Osage]; a-tse (áace) - climb, climb onto by using the arms, embrace, wrap one’s arms around [CQ-Osage]; a-je (áje) - climb, hug a tree when climbing, wrap arms around a tree when climbing it, embrace, hug [Kaw]

clingstone peach

► kaⁿ-te taⁿ-ka (kkątté ttą́ka) - peach, clingstone

► kaⁿ-te taⁿ-ka (konteh-tonkah) - peach (pêche fruit) [GI]

► cf. kaⁿ-te (kką́tte) - apple; taⁿ-ka (ttą́ka) - big, large

► kaⁿ-te taⁿ-ka hi (kkątté ttą́ka hi) - peach tree, clingstone

► cf. kaⁿ-te (kką́tte) - apple; taⁿ-ka (ttą́ka) - big, large; hi (hi) - tree, bush, vine, stalk, leg

clock

► ma-ze ti-ta (mazéttítta) - clock, lit. "living iron"

► ma-ze ti-ta (máze ttítta) - clock [MS]

► cf. ma-ze (mazé) - iron; ti-ta (ttítta) - onomatopoeia, the naming of a thing or action by a vocal imitation of the sound associated with it, as buzz, hiss, tick tock; ti-ta (tittá) - live, be alive

► ma-ze ti-ta zhi-ka (mazéttítta žíka) - watch

► cf. ma-ze (mazé) - iron; ti-ta (ttítta) - onomatopoeia, the naming of a thing or action by a vocal imitation of the sound associated with it, as buzz, hiss, tick tock; zhi-ka (žíka) - small, little

clog

► a-ki-pa-t’o i-he-de (ákkippatʔo ihéde) - close off, stop up, clog, as in a traffic jam

► cf. a-ki-pa-t’o ka-xe (ákkippatʔo káγe) - close, as sliding doors; a-ki-pa (ákkippa) - meet a person or animal; a-ki-pai-naⁿ (ákkippainą́) - collide, run into, to butt; a-ki-pa-xta-na (ákkippáxtana) - roll up, turn over; a-ki-pa-tʰe (ákkipatʰé) - sew two things together, sew across

► Dhegiha: a-ʰki-pa-ʰts’u (á-ḳi-pa-ṭs’u) - the blocking of a narrow passage by men or animals [FL-Osage]

close eye

► i-shta to-zhi (ištá tóži), to-zhi (tóži) - closed eye, wink, close an eye

► Dhegiha: iⁿ-shta thi-do-zhe (iⁿ-shtá thi-do-zhe) - to wink, to nictitate [FL-Osage]; i-shta-the ti-to-zhe (iištáðe ðiitóže) - wink or blink the eyes, lit., ‘mash the eyelids’, wink at, blink the eyes at [CQ-Osage]

► i-shta di-iⁿ-ze (ištá diį́ze), di-iⁿ-ze (diį́ze) - blink, wink, close the eyes ► bdi-iⁿ-ze (bdíįze) - I, ti-iⁿ-ze (ttíįze) - you

► Dhegiha: iⁿ-shta thi-p’iⁿ-ze (iⁿshta thíp’iⁿçe) - blink [Omaha]; thu-p’iⁿ-ze (ðupʔį́ze) - blink [CQ-Osage]; i-shta yu-p’iⁿ-ze (ishtá yup’íⁿze) - shut the eyes tightly, blink [Kaw]; yu-p’iⁿ-ze (yup’íⁿze) - close the eyes [Kaw]

close off, stop up

► a-ki-pa-t’o i-he-de (ákkippatʔo ihéde) - close off, stop up, clog, as in a traffic jam

► Dhegiha: a-ʰki-pa-ʰts’u (á-ḳi-pa-ṭs’u) - the blocking of a narrow passage by men or animals [FL-Osage]

close, as sliding doors

► a-ki-pa-t’o ka-xe (ákkippatʔo káγe) - close, as sliding doors

► cf. a-ki-pa-t’o i-he-de (ákkippatʔo ihéde) - close off, stop up, clog, as in a traffic jam; a-ki-pa (ákkippa) - meet a person or animal; a-ki-pai-naⁿ (ákkippainą́) - collide, run into, to butt; a-ki-pa-xta-na (ákkippáxtana) - roll up, turn over; a-ki-pa-tʰe (ákkipatʰé) - sew two things together, sew across

► Dhegiha: a-ʰki-pa-ʰts’u (á-ḳi-pa-ṭs’u) - the blocking of a narrow passage by men or animals [FL-Osage]

close, shut

► a-ka-spe (ákaspe) - close, shut; cave in ► a-a-ka-spe (áakaspe) - I, a-da-ka-spe (ádakaspe) - you

► cf. a-ka-spe i-he-de (ákaspe ihéde) - put a horizontal object on another to hold it down, e.g., a paper-weight

► ex: a-ka-spa (ákaspá) - shut it! (command) [MS]

► ex: a-ka-spe (ákaspá) - shut it!

► ex: ti-ze a-ka-spe zhi-ka i-tʰe-de (ttižé ákaspe žíka itʰéde) - to shut the door a little

► ex: ti-zhe a-ka-spe zhi-ka i-tʰe-da (ttižé ákaspe jíka itʰedá) - shut the door a little!

► ex: maⁿ-zi a-ka-spe (mą́azi ákaspe) - to cave in on, as a bank does

► ex: maⁿ-zi a-di-ka-spe na-ha (mą́azi ádikáspe nahá) - beware lest the bank cave in on you!

► Dhegiha: a-ga-spe (á-ga-çpe) - to cover up an object, the falling of something heavy on a person or a thing [FL-Osage]; a-ka-spe (akáaspe) - shade, blind, covering [CQ-Osage]; a-ka-spe (ákaaspe) - put over, put upon, cover as with cloth or blanket, cover with dirt as a grave, cover over, cover up [CQ-Osage]; a-ga-spe (ágaspe) - cover completely, concealing every part [Kaw]

► ti-ho-kaⁿ a-ka-bniⁿ (ttíhokką ákabnį) - to close the triangular ends of the tent skins forming the smoke-hole

► cf. ti-ho-kaⁿ (ttíhokką) - smoke hole; a-ka-bniⁿ (ákabnį) - cover, hang down evenly over an object; ti-ho-kaⁿ i-da-ka-bniⁿ (ttíhokką idákabnį) - smoke hole flaps

close by

► o-di-shaⁿ maⁿ-niⁿ (odíšą mąnį́) - stay close by ► o-bdi-shaⁿ a-maⁿ-bniⁿ (obdišą amąbnį) - I, o-ti-shaⁿ da-maⁿ-tiⁿ (ottišą damąttį) - you

► cf. o-di-shaⁿ (odíšą) - go around in a circle; maⁿ-niⁿ (mąnį́) - walk

► Dhegiha: u-thi-shoⁿ (uthíshoⁿ) - around, around someone or something, moving circularly like the hands of a clock, go around, circle, to go around in a circle, to go around something [Omaha/Ponca]; u-thi-shoⁿ (uthíshoⁿ) - circle, encircle, surround, cycle, round [Omaha]; u-thi-shoⁿ (u-thí-shoⁿ) - marching around in a circle [FL-Osage]

close together

► a-da-ska kniⁿ (ádaska knį́) - sit close together ► a-bda-ska a-kniⁿ (ábdaska aknį́) - I, a-ta-ska da-kniⁿ (áttaska daknį́) - you

► cf. a-da-ska (ádaska) - stick, adhere, as pitch, mud or snow; kniⁿ (knį), kdiⁿ (kdį) - sit, be sitting, be in a place, camp; a-da-ska i-naⁿ-de (ádaska iną́de) - place something, e.g. paper, in order to make it stick

► ex: a-wi-bda-ska a-kniⁿ (áwibdaska áknį́) - I sit close to you

► ex: aⁿ-ta-ska da-kniⁿ (ą́ttaska daknį́) - you sit close to me

► ex: a-di-da-ska kniⁿ (ádidaska knį́) - he sits close to you

cloth

► wa-hiⁿ (wahį́) - cloth

► cf. wa-hiⁿ (wahį́) - cloth; wa-hiⁿ xo-te (ŭahin-hutteh) - wool blanket (couverture de laine) [GI]

wa-hiⁿ-ska (wahį́ska) - calico; wa-hi-ska i-ti (wahíska ítti) - canvas tent; wa-hiⁿ-ska i-ti (wahį́ska ítti) - tipi [MS]; wa-hiⁿ-ska i-kaⁿ-ska-de (wahį́ska íkąskáde) - yard, lit. “calico measure”

► Dhegiha: wa-xiⁿ-ha (waxiⁿha) - calico, cloth, fabric [Omaha]; wa-xiⁿ-ha (waqíⁿha) - cloth, paper, linen or cotton cloth, calico [Omaha/Ponca]; wa-xiⁿ-ha ska (waqíⁿha ská) - white cloth, cotton cloth, muslin cloth [Omaha/Ponca]; wa-xiⁿ-ha ska (waxiⁿha çka) - muslin [Omaha]

cloth, breech cloth

► iⁿ-ti-knaⁿ (įttíkną) - breech cloth

► iⁿ-ti-knaⁿ (įttíkną) - diaper [MS]

► iⁿ-ti-knaⁿ (uⁿtsi ga noⁿ) - breechcloth, from John Quapaw [MH]

► cf. iⁿ-ti-knaⁿ (įttíkną) - diaper; a-knaⁿ (ákną), a-kdaⁿ (ákdą) - put a singular, sitting, inanimate (curvilinear-JOD) or cloth, paper, plaster, etc. object upon a surface

► Dhegiha: zhe-a-ti-gthoⁿ (zhéatigthoⁿ) - breechcloth, diaper [Omaha]; zhe-a-di-gthoⁿ (zheádigthoⁿ), (zhéadigthóⁿ) - breech-cloth, penis cover [Omaha/Ponca]

clothing, put on

► ‘iⁿ (ʔį) - wear ► miⁿ (mį) - I, zhiⁿ (žį) - you, aⁿ-kiⁿ (ąkį́) - we dual, I and one other, aⁿ-kiⁿ-we (ąkį́we) - we more than two

► cf. naⁿ’iⁿ (nąʔį́) - wear around the neck; wa-naⁿ-‘iⁿ (waną́ʔį) - necklace, necktie, neckerchief

► Dhegiha: iⁿ (iⁿ) - wear, use, to wear, as a blanket, robe, or shawl, to use as tobacco [Omaha/Ponca]; iⁿ (iⁿ) - to wear as a robe or a blanket [FL-Osage]; iⁿ (į́) - wear, e.g., earrings, warm clothes, a coat, a shawl, have something positioned so that it surrounds part of the body, such as the head or arm, carry [CQ-Osage]; ‘iⁿ (‘iⁿ) - wear about the shoulders, as a blanket or shawl [Kaw]

► i-niⁿ (inį́) - put on clothing ► i-bi-niⁿ (ibnį́) - I, i-tiⁿ (ittį́) - you

► cf. ashi-niⁿ (ášinį) - coat

► i-ni-naⁿ-haⁿ (inínąhą́) - wear, put on clothing ► i-da-bni-naⁿ-haⁿ (idábninąhą́) - I, i-da-bni-naⁿ-haⁿ (ídaninąhą́) - you

► we-niⁿ-tʰaⁿ (wénįtʰą) - put on, wear clothing ► we-bniⁿ-tʰaⁿ (wébnįtʰą) - I, we-tiⁿ-tʰaⁿ (wéttįtʰą) - you

► o-tʰaⁿ (otʰą́), o-tʰoⁿ (otʰǫ́) - put on (shoes, leggings), wear ► o-a-tʰaⁿ (oátʰą) - I, o-da-tʰaⁿ (odátʰą) - you

► Dhegiha: hiⁿ-bu-toⁿ (hiⁿbútoⁿ) - to put on or wear moccasins [Omaha/Ponca]; se-hiⁿ-be u-tʰóⁿ (séhiⁿbe utʰóⁿ) - to put on snow shoes [Omaha/Ponca]; hoⁿ-be u-toⁿ (hoⁿ-bé u-toⁿ) - to put on shoes [FL-Osage]; o-txaⁿ (otxą́) - put on, e,g., pants, shoes [CQ-Osage]

► o-ki-tʰoⁿ (okítʰǫ) - put on, as leggings, moccasins ► o-a-ki-tʰoⁿ (oákitʰǫ) - I, o-da-ki-tʰoⁿ (odákitʰǫ) - you

► Dhegiha: o-ki-txaⁿ (okítxą) - put on one’s own pants or shoes [CQ-Osage]

cloud

► ma-xpi (maxpí) - cloud

► ma-xpi (maxpí) - cloud [MS]

► ma-xpi (maxpí) - cloud, also male personal name [FR]

► moⁿ-xpi (mǫxBi) - cloud [FS]

► cf. ma-xpi to (maxpí tto) - blue, sky blue color

► Dhegiha: moⁿ-xpi (moⁿxpí) - cloud [Omaha/Ponca]; moⁿ-xpi (moⁿ-xpí) - cloud, cloudy [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-xpu (mą́xpu) - cloud, cloudy [CQ-Osage]; maⁿ-xpu (maⁿxpú) - cloud [Kaw]

► ma-xpi (maqpí) - male name, Paul Goodeagle's name [FR]

► Dhegiha: moⁿ-xpi (moⁿxpí) - Clouds Driven by Wind [Omaha]

► ma-xpi zhi-ka (maqpí jik͓á) - masculine name, father of Hañ′k͓a Núⁿ [JOD]

► cf. ma-xpi (maxpí) - cloud; zhi-ka (žiká) - small, little, young

cloud, Cloud Maker

► ma-xpi ka-xe (maxpí káγe) - Cloud Maker, Making Clouds, personal name [MS]

► cf. ma-xpi (maxpí) - cloud; ka-xe (káγe) - make, do, cause

► Dhegiha: maⁿ-xpu ga-ghe (maⁿxpú gághe) - Cloud Maker, male name [Kaw]

cloud, large clouds

► ma-xpi wa-sh’a-ke (maxpí wašʔáke) - large clouds

► cf. ma-xpi (maxpí) - cloud; wa-sh’a-ke (wašʔáke) - large, be large

cloud, small puffy clouds

► ma-xpi ka-xde-xde (maxpí kaxdéxde) - small puffy clouds

► cf. ma-xpi (maxpí) - cloud; ka-xde-xde (kaxdéxde) - smash, break something brittle

cloudless

► ke-da (kkéda) - clear sky

► cf. ke-da to (ké-d^¢a tu′) - masculine name, Blue Sky; killed father of wa-zhiⁿ da-kniⁿ (wajĭⁿ d^¢akt^çiⁿ) and son of miⁿ x’aⁿ-sa (miⁿ q′aⁿsa) [JOD]

► ma-xe (máxe) - sky, cloudless

► cf. ma-xe o-ta-saⁿ-haⁿ (maγe ottasąhą) - aurora

► Dhegiha: moⁿ-xe (moⁿxe) - sky [Omaha]; moⁿ-xe (móⁿ-xe) - the sky [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-xe (mą́ąɣe) - sky, weather, the upper world [CQ-Osage]; maⁿ-ghe (máⁿghe) - sky, weather, the upper world [Kaw]

clump

► zhaⁿ o-toⁿ o-shpa-shpa (žą ottǫ́ ošpášpa), zhoⁿ o-toⁿ o-shpa-shpa (žǫ́ ottǫ́ ošpášpa) - trees in scattered clumps

► cf. zhaⁿ (žą), zhoⁿ (žǫ) - wood, tree; zhoⁿ o-toⁿ (žǫ́ ottǫ́), zhaⁿ o-ta (žą́ ottá) - forest; xoⁿ-te-hi o-taⁿ (xǫttéhi ottą́) - Rock Creek, I.T.; lit. "cedars abound in it"; near Quapaw, OK; o-shpe (ošpé) - fragment; ka-shpe (kašpé) - cut off, knock off a piece

► Dhegiha: shpa-shpa (shpashpa) - fragment [Omaha]; u-shpa-shpa (ushpáshpa) - piece, remnant [Omaha/Ponca]; ba-shpa-shpa (bá-shpa-shpa) - to cut an apple or potato into many pieces with a knife [FL-Osage]; ga-shpa-shpa (gashpáshpa) - chip off many pieces [Kaw]

► zhaⁿ o-toⁿ o-shpe (žą ottǫ́ ošpé), zhoⁿ o-toⁿ o-shpe (žǫ́ ottǫ́ ošpé) - trees in a curvilinear clump

► cf. zhaⁿ (žą), zhoⁿ (žǫ) - wood, tree; zhoⁿ o-toⁿ (žǫ́ ottǫ́), zhaⁿ o-ta (žą́ ottá) - forest; o-shpe (ošpé) - fragment; ka-shpe (kašpé) - cut off, knock off a piece

► Dhegiha: u-shpe (u-shpé) - a fragment [FL-Osage]; o-shpe zhiⁿ (ošpéžį) - fragment, small piece, chip, bit, bits and baubles, one’s small things, change left over after a purchase, coins, small change, pennies CQ-Osage]; yu-shpe (yushpé) - pinch off, pull off a piece [Kaw]

coal

► ta-xde (táxde) - coals, charcoal

► tʰa-kde (t'ákkaDe) - coal, ember [FS]

► Dhegiha: noⁿ-xthe (noⁿxthe) - coal fuel, charcoal [Omaha]; noⁿ-xthe (noⁿ-xthé) - charcoal, coal [FL-Osage]; naⁿ-xle (naⁿxlé) - coals, embers [Kaw]

► ta-xde sa (táxde sa) - coal, black coal [MS]

► cf. ta-xde (táxde) - coals, charcoal; sa (sa) - black

► iⁿ ta-xde (į́ ttáxde) - coal, lit. "stone charcoal"

► cf. iⁿ (į) - stone, rock; ta-xde (táxde) - coals, charcoal

coal oil

► ta-xde we-kdi (táxde wékdi) - coal oil

► cf. ta-xde (táxde) - coals, charcoal; we-kdi (wékdi) - grease, lard, oil

coal oil lamp

► ta-xde we-kdi a-ta-kaⁿ (táxde wékdi áttakką́) - coal oil lamp

► cf. ta-xde (táxde) - coals, charcoal; we-kdi (wékdi) - grease, lard, oil; a-ta-kaⁿ (áttakką) - lamp, lantern, light, candle

► Dhegiha: wa-na-koⁿ-gthe we-gthi (wánakóⁿgthe wégthi) - lamp oil [Omaha/Ponca]; a-da-ʰkoⁿ we-gthiⁿ (á-da-ḳoⁿ we-gthiⁿ) - kerosene oil [FL-Osage]; we-li a-da-kaⁿ (wéli ádakaⁿ) - coal oil [Kaw]

coal, dead coals

► ta-xde ki-kde-zhe (taxdé kkikdéže) - dead coals

► cf. ta-xde (táxde) - coals, charcoal; ki-kde-zhe (kkikdéže) - go out, as a fire

coal, live coals

► i-ta-na (íttana) - live coals

coat

► a-shi-niⁿ (ášinį) - coat

► a-shi-niⁿ (ášinį) - coat [MS, OM]

► cf. a-shi (áši) - over, on top of; ‘iⁿ (ʔį) - wear; i-niⁿ (inį́) - put on clothing; we-niⁿ-tʰaⁿ (wénįtʰą) - put on, wear clothing

► ex: a-shi-niⁿ a-kda da (ášinį ákda dá) - go get your coat! (command) [MS]

► ex: ha-ki a-shi-niⁿ (háki ášinį) - where's your coat? [MS]

► Dhegiha: iⁿ (iⁿ) - wear, to wear as a blanket, robe, or shawl [Omaha/Ponca]; iⁿ (iⁿ) - to wear as a robe or blanket (FL-Osage); iⁿ (į́) - wear, such as earrings, warm clothes, a coat, a shawl, carry, have something positioned so that it surrounds part of the body, such as the head or arm (CQ-Osage); ‘iⁿ (‘iⁿ) - wear about the shoulders, as a blanket or shawl [Kaw]

► ta-ha o-ki-kdi-xda (ttahá okkíkdixdá) - man's shirt, coat, tunic; made of buckskin

► cf. ta-ha (ttahá) - deerskin; o-ki-kda-xda (okkíkdaxda), o-ki-kdi-xda (okkíkdixda) - shirt

► Dhegiha: o-ʰku-laⁿ (oʰkúlą), o-ʰki-laⁿ (oʰkílaⁿ) - clothes, literally, that which one puts oneself into [CQ-Osage]; o-ʰku-laⁿ (óʰkulą), o-ʰki-laⁿ (oʰkílą), o-ʰki-o-laⁿ (óʰkioolą́) - put on oneself or dress in a shirt or dress, dress oneself, put on clothes [CQ-Osage]; o-ki-lo-xla (ókiloxla), o-ki-laⁿ-xla (ókilaⁿxla) - clothes, coat, shirt, tunic [Kaw]

cock

► ma-ze di-zha-ke (máze dižáke) - cock a gun

► cf. ma-ze (máze) - iron, gun; di-zha-ke (dižáke) - pick, pull open, peel

cocklebur

► to-di-xa-ta hi (ttódixátta hi) - cockleburs

► to-di-xa-ta taⁿ-ka hi (ttódixátta ttą́ka hi) - cocklebur, the large; Jimpson weed

coffee

► ma-kaⁿ sha (makką́ša) - coffee, lit. "dark medicine"

► ma-kaⁿ sha (makką́ša) - coffee [MS, AB, MR, AG, OM]

► cf. ma-kaⁿ (makką́) - medicine; sha (ša) - dark, indistinct black

► ex: ma-kaⁿ sha shkoⁿ-ta (makką́ša škǫttá) - do you want coffee? [AG]

► ex: jhi-e ma-kaⁿ sha shkoⁿ-ta niⁿ-kʰe (jhíe makką́ša škǫttá nikʰé) - do you want coffee? [AG]

► Dhegiha: ma-kʰoⁿ sa-be (makʰóⁿ sábe) - coffee, black medicine [Omaha/Ponca]; moⁿ-ʰkoⁿ sa-be (moⁿ-ḳóⁿ ça-be) - medicine-black, coffee [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-ʰka sa (mąʰkása) - coffee, literally, black medicine [CQ-Osage]; mo-kaⁿ sa-be (mokáⁿ sàbe) - coffee [Kaw]

coil

► di-ki-be-shoⁿ-shoⁿ (dikkíbešǫ́šǫ) - coil something, as a rope ► bdi-ki-be-shoⁿ-shoⁿ (bdíkkibešǫšǫ) - I, ti-ki-be-shoⁿ-shoⁿ (ttíkkibešǫšǫ) - you

► cf. be-shoⁿ (besǫ́) - wrinkle, fold; be-shoⁿ-shoⁿ (besǫ́sǫ) - wrinkled, in folds; be-shoⁿ-shoⁿ i-naⁿ-de (besǫ́sǫ iną́de) - wrinkle up, fold

► di-ki-ki-zhe (dikíkiže) - coils, in

► cf. a-ka-ki-zhe (ákakíže) - wind, as a road or stream; o-zhoⁿ-ke a-ka-ki-zhe (ožǫ́ke ákakiže) - a winding road

coinage

► ska-di (skádi), ska-ti (skáti) - coinage, amount, measure, from iskali in Muskogean, French escalin

► ex: ska-di mi-xti pe-ta-yoⁿ (skádi míxti ppetáyǫ) - fifteen cents [AG]

► ex: de-ska-de (déskade) - bit, 12 and a half cents, Muskogean skali 'money', French escalin 'shilling'

► ex: de-ska-de miⁿ-xti (déskade mį́xti) - dime, ten cents

► ex: de-ska-de naⁿ-pa (déskade nąpá), de-ska-de noⁿ-ba (déskade nǫbá) - twenty-five cents, quarter, two bits

► ex: de-ska-de to-wa (déskade towá) - half dollar, fifty cents, four bits

► ex: de-ska-de sha-pe (déskade šappé) - seventy-five cents

cold

► sni-tʰe (snítʰe) - cold, to be cold ► sni-aⁿ-tʰe (sníątʰe) - I, sni-di-tʰe (sníditʰe) - you

► cf. sni-tʰe zho-ka-te (snítʰe žókkatte) - to have chills and fever

► Dhegiha: zni-te (çníte) - chill; zni-tʰe (znítʰe) - cold, to be cold, said of humans [Omaha/Ponca]; hni-ʰtse (hní-ṭse) - to be cold [FL-Osage]; ni-ʰtse (níʰce) - be cold, feel cold [CQ-Osage]; hni-tse (hníce) - to be cold, as a person or animal [Kaw]

► sni (sni) - cold, to be cold ► aⁿ-sni (ą́sni) - I, di-sni (dísni) - you

► sni (sni) - cold [AG, OM]

► sni hi (sní hi) - cold (very cold) [MS, OM]

► cf. ka-sni-sni (kasnísni) - autumn, "blows cold on and off"

► ex: aⁿ-sni (ą́sni) - cold (I'm cold) [MS]

► ex: jhi-e sni hi (ǰíe sní hi) - are you cold? [AG]; would expect di-sni (dísni) - you cold

► Dhegiha: zni (zni) - cool cold [Omaha/Ponca]

cold water

► ni-sni(nisní), ni-sni (nísni) - spring, lit. "cold water"

► ni-sni (nísni) - cold water [OM]

► cf. ni (ni) - water; sni (sni) - cold

► ex: ni-sni tʰe (nisní tʰe) - the spring

► ex: ni-sni wa-tʰi-shka (nísni watʰíška) - Spring River, I.T.

► ex: ni-sni toⁿ (nísni ttǫ) - Baxter Springs, Kansas

► ex: ni-sni ta-shi (nísni ttaší) - Tulsa, Oklahoma [OM]

► Dhegiha: ni-zni (níçni) - cold water, well water [Omaha]; ni-zni (ni-çni) - a spring of cold water [FL-Osage]; ni-ʰni (ni-hní) - water cold, a spring or well [FL-Osage]; ni-ni (níini) - spring, well, sources of water [CQ-Osage]; ni-ʰniⁿ (nihníⁿ) - well water [Kaw]

cold weather

► sni-wa-te (sníwatte) - cold, cold weather [MS, AG]

► sni-wa-te (sníwatte) - north, winter

► sni-wa-te (sníwatte) - north [MS]

► sni-wa-te (sníwatte) - winter [FR, OM]

► sni-wa-te (sniwátte) - power of winter (male)

► cf. sni (sni) - cold; sni-tʰe (snítʰe) - cold, to be cold

► ex: sni-wa-te hi (sníwatte hi) - cold [MS]

► ex: sni-wa-te hi pa-de taⁿ (sníwatte hi páde ttą) - cold, winter time [MS]

► ex: a-shi sni-wa-te (áši sníwatté) - cold outside [AG]

► ex: sni-wa-te kdi ta (sníwatte kdi tta) - fall season (winter going to come) [MS]

► ex: sni-wa-te kdi ta tʰe (sníwatte kdi tta tʰe) - fall season (winter going to come) [MS]

► Dhegiha: ʰni-wa-tse (ʰní-wa-tse) - to be cold [FL-Osage]; ʰni-wa-tse (ʰní-wa-ṭse) - cold weather, a cold day [FL-Osage]; ni-wa-tse (ní-wa-tse) - it is cold [FL-Osage]; ni-wa-ʰtse (níwaʰce) - be cold, an impersonal weather expression, not used for people [CQ-Osage]; ʰni-wa-tse (ʰniwace) - cold, as the weather, winter months [Kaw]

cold, Cold Thunder Being

► sni-hi wa-kaⁿ-ta (sníhi wakan′ta) - masculine name "Cold Thunder being", father of o-ka-shaⁿ (uk͓acaⁿ) [JOD]

► cf. sni hi (sní hi) - cold (very cold) [MS, OM]; wa-kaⁿ-ta (wakką́tta), wa-koⁿ-ta (wakǫ́ta) - spirit, God; wa-kaⁿ-ta (wakan′ta) - Thunder Beings [JOD]

► sni-hi taⁿ-ka (sníhi tañk͓a) - masculine name [JOD]

► cf. sni hi (sní hi) - cold (very cold) [MS, OM]; taⁿ-ka (ttą́ka) - big, large

► sni-hi zhi-ka (sníhi jik͓á) - masculine name [JOD]

► cf. sni hi (sní hi) - cold (very cold) [MS, OM]; zhi-ka (žiká) - small, little, young

cold, north, northwind

► o-sni (osní) - cold, north, northwind

► cf. o-sni-hi-ta-de-de (osnihíttadéde) - northwest, "whence the cold comes"

► Dhegiha: u-zni (úçni) - cold [Omaha]

cold, wintertime

► sni-wa-te hi pa-de taⁿ (sníwatte hi páde ttą) - cold, winter time [MS]

► cf. sni-wa-te (sníwatte) - cold, cold weather, winter, north; pa-de (páde) - winter; pa-de taⁿ (pádettą) - wintertime, when it is winter [MS]; pa-de o-skaⁿ-ska (páde oską́ska) - midwinter, name of one of the months in the Quapaw lunar calendar

► Dhegiha: ma-the doⁿ (máthedoⁿ) - winter [Omaha/Ponca]; ba-the doⁿ (bá-the doⁿ) - in winter [FL-Osage]; ba-the (bá-the) - winter [FL-Osage]; pa-the (paðé) - winter [CQ-Osage]

collar bone

► to-si wa-hi (tosí wahí) - collar bone, clavicle

► cf. to-si (tosí) - armpit; wa-hi (wahí) - bone

collect

► sto-de (stóde) - collect, heap, pile, gather ► sto-a-de (stóade) - I, sto-da-de (stódade) - you

► cf. ma-hiⁿ sto-de (mahį́ stóde) - haystack; pe-zhe xda-he sto-de (ppežé xdáhe stóde) - wheat stack; sto-de hi naⁿ-zhiⁿ (stodé hi nąžį́) - stand in a group; sto-de knaⁿ-knaⁿ (stodé knąkną) - place plural objects in scattered heaps; sto-de-wa-zhi (stodéwaži) - place pl/an objects in one place; a-ki-sto-de i-tʰe-de (ákkistóde itʰéde) - pile up, make a heap; ki-sto (kistó) - assemble, gather

► sto-de hi (stodé hi) - collected in a heap, grouped

► cf. sto-de hi naⁿ-zhiⁿ (stodé hi nąžį́) - stand in a group

► sto-de i-tʰe-de (stodé itʰéde) - collect small objects in a group

► cf. a-ki-sto-de i-tʰe-de (ákkistóde itʰéde) - pile up, make a heap

► sto-de-zhi (stodéži) - collect small objects in a heap ► sto-de-a-zhi (stodéaží) - I, sto-de-da-zhi (stodédaží) - you, sto-de-oⁿ-zhi-we (stodéǫžíwe) - we

► cf. sto-de-wa-zhi (stodéwaži) - place plural/animate objects in one place

collection

► ti-kde (ttikdé) - village, collection of lodges

► ex: ti-kde-kde kʰe a-kde …. (ttíkdekde kʰe akdé ….) - I go home to the (line of standing) lodges

► ex: ti-kde ta bde (ttikdé tta bdé) - I'm going to my house [OM)]

► Dhegiha: ti-gthe (tígthe) - to live in a lodge, dwell [Omaha/Ponca]; ti-gthe (tigthe) - home [Omaha]; ʰtsi-gthe (ṭsí-gthe) - to reside, to dwell, to set up and keep house [FL-Osage]; ʰtsi-le (ʰcíle) - live, reside, make a home, set up a household, set up housekeeping, house, home, family [CQ-Osage]

► ko-wa-da-te (kówadatté) - those dual/standing/inanimate or collections

► cf. ko-wa-ke (kówake) - those pl/st/an, yon; ko-wa-ni-kʰa (kówanikʰá) - those pl/si or ly, yon; ko-wa-pa (kówapa) - those pl/mv/an, yon

► ex: zhoⁿ ko-wa-da-te (žǫ kówadatté) - yon two trees

► ko-wa-tʰe (kówatʰe) - that singular/standing/inanimate or collection

cf. ko-wa-hi-de-tʰe (kówahídetʰé) - that sg/st/in, yon; ko-wa-hi-niⁿ (kówahinį) - that arrived sg/mv/an, the one who has reached; ko-wa-kʰe (kówakʰe) - that sg/ly/an or in, yon; ko-wa-niⁿ (kówanį) - that sg/mv/an, yon; ko-wa-niⁿ-kʰe (kówanįkʰé) - that sg/si/an or in, yon; ko-wa-tʰaⁿ (kówatʰą) - that sg/st/an, the further one

► na-xnaⁿ i-tʰe-de (naxną́ itʰéde) - hide singular/standing/inanimate or collection

► cf. na-xnaⁿ (naxną́) - secretly, covertly; i-tʰe-de (itʰéde) - stand something up, sg/st/in; na-xnaⁿ i-he-de (naxną́ ihéde) - hide someone's sg/ly/in object; na-xnaⁿ i-naⁿ-de (naxną́ iną́de) - hide a sg/si/in object; na-xnaⁿ ki-knaⁿ (naxną́ kikną́) - hide one's own sg/si/in/ or cloth object; na-xnaⁿ knaⁿ (naxną́ kną́) - hide someone else's sg/si/in object

Dhegiha: noⁿ-xthoⁿ i-noⁿ-the (noⁿ-xthóⁿ i-noⁿ-the) - to hide something, secrete [FL-Osage]; naⁿ-loⁿ-ha (nąlǫ́ǫha) - be sneaky, hide, be sly, secretly scheme against someone, go behind someone’s back, be cunning, hide, conceal, covertly [CQ-Osage]; noⁿ-xlaⁿ (noⁿxláⁿ) - hide something [Kaw]

collide

► a-ki-pa-i-naⁿ (ákkippainą́) - collide, run into, to butt ► a-a-ki-pa-bnaⁿ (áakkippábną) - I, a-da-ki-pa-taⁿ (ádakkippáttą́) - you

► cf. a-ki-pa-t’o i-he-de (ákkippatʔo ihéde) - close off, stop up, clog, as in a traffic jam; a-ki-pa-t’o ka-xe (ákkippatʔo káγe) - close, as sliding doors; a-ki-pa (ákkippa) - meet a person or animal; a-ki-pa-xta-na (ákkippáxtana) - roll up, turn over; a-ki-pa-tʰe (ákkipatʰé) - sew two things together, sew across

► Dhegiha: a-ki-pa (akipa) - meet [Omaha]; a-ʰki-pa (á-ḳi-pa) - to meet another [FL-Osage]; a-ʰki-ʰpa (áʰkiʰpa) - encounter, meet [CQ-Osage]; a-ki-pa (ákipa) - meet [Kaw]

colt

► shoⁿ-ke a-kniⁿ zhi-ka (šǫ́keáknį žiká) - colt

► cf. shoⁿ-ke a-kniⁿ (šǫ́keáknį) - horse “sit upon dog”; zhi-ka (žiká) - small, little, young

► Dhegiha: shoⁿ zhiⁿ-ga (shóⁿzhiⁿga) - colt [Omaha/Ponca]; ʰka-wa zhiⁿ-ga (ḳá-wa zhiⁿ-ga) - little horse, a colt, a pony [FL-Osage]; ka-wa zhiⁿ-ga (káwa zhíⁿga) - colt [Kaw]

Comanche

► pa to-ka (pá-tu-kă) - Kwapa name for the Comanche Indians [JOD]

► cf. pa (ppa) - nose; to-ka (tókka) - wet

► Dhegiha: pa doⁿ-ka (pádoⁿka) - Comanche, Paducah [Omaha/Ponca]; pa duⁿ-ka (páduⁿka) - Comanche Tribe [Omaha]; ʰpa doⁿ-ʰka (p̣á-doⁿ-ḳa) - the Osage name for the Comanche Tribe [FL-Osage]; ʰpa to-ʰka (ʰpá tóoʰka) - Comanche tribe or tribal member, Kiowa tribe or tribal member, lit., ‘wet noses, ‘dew on the head’ [CQ-Osage]; pa do-ka (pádoka) - Comanches or ‘Padocah’, ‘Paducah’ Indians, tribe or people [Kaw]

comb

► ka-pʰe (kapʰé) - to comb ► a-pʰe (ápʰe) - I, da-pʰe (dápʰe) - you

► Dhegiha: ga-he (gahé) - comb, untangle [Omaha/Ponca]; ka-pshe (kaapše) - brush or comb, one's hair, curry an animal's coat [CQ-Osage]; ga-phe (gaphé) - to comb [Kaw]

► i-ka-pʰe (íkapʰe) - a comb

► i-ka-pʰe (íkapʰe) - comb [OM]

► cf. i (i) - with which to; ka-pʰe (kapʰé) - to comb

► ex: i-ka-pʰe o-a-te miⁿ-kʰe (íkapʰe oátte mįkʰé) - looking for old comb (I'm looking for a comb) [MS]

► Dhegiha: mi-ka-he (mikáhe) - comb, originally a wisp made of grass that served as comb and brush for the Omaha and Ponka [Omaha/Ponca]; ʰka-wa i-ga-pshe (ḳá-wa i-ga-pshe) - curry comb [FL-Osage]; mi-ʰka-pshe (mi-ḳá-pshe) - grass hairbrush [FL-Osage]; we-ga-pshe (wé-ga-pshe) - a comb [FL-Osage]; we-ka-pshe (wékaapše) - brush or comb for the hair, hairbrush [CQ-Osage]; ni-ka-pʰe (nikápʰe) - comb [Kaw]

► ba-zaⁿ-zaⁿ (bazą́zą) - comb, run fingers through hair ► pa-zaⁿ-zaⁿ (ppázązą) - I, shpa-zaⁿ-zaⁿ (špázązą) - you

comb of a rooster

► bde-bde (bdébde) - comb of a rooster

combat

► niⁿ-aⁿ (nį́ą) - fight [MS]

► niⁿ-aⁿ (niah) - fight, beat, hit (battre) [GI]

► Dhegiha: ni-uⁿ (niuⁿ) - fight [Omaha]; ni-oⁿ shtoⁿ (nioⁿshtoⁿ) - fighter [Omaha]; ni-oⁿ a-tha (nioⁿ atha) - warpath [Omaha]

► niⁿ-aⁿ-wi (niah-wi) - battle, fight, combat (battaille) [GI]

► cf. niⁿ-aⁿ (nį́ą) - fight; we (-we), a-we (-awe) - pluralizer for verbs and noun phrases, wi (-wi), a-wi (-awi) - pluralizer in relative clauses

► ki-ki-te (kkikkítte) - battle, "shoot one another"

► ki-ki-te (kkikkítte) - war [MS]

► cf. ki-ki-te (kíkkitte) - shoot (at) something for someone; ki-te (kkítte) - shoot at something; ki-te (kkitte) - to shoot

► Dhegiha: kʰi-de (kʰíde) - shoot [Omaha/Ponca]; ki-de (kide) - shoot [Omaha]; ʰku-dse (ḳú-dse) - to shoot [FL-Osage]; ʰku-tse (ʰkúce) - fire a gun, shoot a bow and arrow, shoot someone, shoot at someone [CQ-Osage]; ku-je (kúje) - shoot at something [Kaw]

► to-taⁿ (totą́) - war

► cf. to-taⁿ haⁿ-ka (totą́hąka) - war captain, war chief

► Dhegiha: nu-doⁿ (nudoⁿ) - warrior [Omaha]; do-doⁿ (do-dóⁿ) - to go to war [FL-Osage]; to-taⁿ (totą́) - war, warpath, scouting, scouting alone, looking for enemies [CQ-Osage]; do-daⁿ (dodáⁿ) - warpath, war, go to war [Kaw]

come

► ki-we (kiwé) - come, come in (invitation)

► ex: ki-we (kiwé) - come [AG]

► ex: ki-we (kiwé) - come in [AB]

► ex: ki-we (kiwé) - come back [AB]

► ex: ki-we (kiwé) - come here [OM]

► ex: ki-we (kiwé) - come on [MR]

► ex: za-ni o-zha ki-we (zaní óža kiwé) - everybody come dance [MS]

► ex: o-zha za-ni ki-wa-we (óža zaní kiwawe) - everybody come dance [MS]

► cf. ki (ki) - be returning to here; kʰi (kʰi) - arrive back at one's own

► Dhegiha: gi (gi) - to come back, return home, to come home [Omaha/Ponca]; gi-ah (giah) - beckon, come here, command (female) [Omaha]; gi-ga (giga) - beckon, come here, command (male) [Omaha]; gi (gi) - he approaches, he comes [FL-Osage]; gi -o (gi-o) - to come [FL-Osage]; ʰki (ḳi) - to reach home [FL-Osage]; kiu (kü) - come, come on [CQ-Osage]; gi (gi) - motion back to somewhere, go back, return [Kaw]; gu (gu) - to be coming back [Kaw]; khi (khi) - arrive home over there, reach a place again, go back to one’s own place [Kaw]

come, be coming here

► hi (hi) - come, be coming here, not own ► pʰi (pʰi) - I, shi (ši) - you, hi (hí) - he/she, aⁿ-ka-hi (ąkáhi), oⁿ-ka-hi (ǫkáhi) - we dual, I and one other, aⁿ-ka-hi-we (ąkáhiwe) - we

► hi-we (hiweh) - come (viens) [GI]

► hi (hi) - arrive, reach there, have been ► pʰi (pʰi) - I, shi (ši) - you, hi (hí) - he/she, aⁿ-ka-hi (ąkáhi), oⁿ-ka-hi (ǫkáhi) - we dual, I and one other, aⁿ-ka-hi-we (ąkáhiwe) - we

► cf. i-hi (ihí) - arrive, reach the place hi-de (hide) - go, to have gone somewhere; taⁿ-hi-de (ttąhíde) - to have passed by in sight; hi-kʰi-de (híkʰide) - send, cause to arrive there

► ex: a-shi-ti hi (ášitti hi) - he arrived outside

► ex: a-shi-oⁿ-he-taⁿ she-ta oⁿ-ka-hi ta oⁿ-ka-tʰaⁿ (ášiǫhéttą šétta ǫkáhi tta ǫkatʰą́) - later on, we will reach there (where you are)

► ex: ni-ka-shi-ka za-ni hi a-shi-ti kda-naⁿ-we i-ya (níkkašika zaní hi ášitti kdánąwe iyá) - all of the people went again from the interior of the hill, it is said']

► ex: ha-ki shi e (háki ši e) - where have you been? [MS]

► Dhegiha: hu (hu) - to be coming to this place [FL-Osage]; hu (hú), a-hu (ahú) - come here (motion underway) [CQ-Osage]; hu (hu) - be coming to a place that is not one’s own, be coming here [Kaw] …. hi (hi) - arrive [JOD-Omaha]; a-hi (ahi) - approach, arrive there [Omaha]; hi (hi) - to arrive at a place [FL-Osage]; hi (hí), a-hi (ahí) - go there, motion accomplished, come there, arrive there, be there, be in attendance, stop in, go by, come by, become, begin to, start to [CQ-Osage]; hi (hi) - arrive, reach there [Kaw]

come, to have come back here

► kdi (kdi) - to have come back here ► a-kdi (akdí) - I, da-kdi (dakdí) - you, oⁿ-ka-kdi (ǫkákdi) - we dual, I and one other; kdi-we (kdiwé) - they

► cf. a-kda-niⁿ kdi (akdánį kdí) - to have brought back one's own

► ex: aⁿ-naⁿ-yo-wi taⁿ aⁿ-kda-niⁿ kdi-we (ąną́yowi-ttą ą́kdanį kdiwé) - when I was shot they brought me back hither

► ex: i-di-yo-wi taⁿ a-di-kda-niⁿ kdi-we (ídiyowi-ttą adíkdanį kdiwé) - when you were shot they brought you back hither

► ex: we-yo-wi taⁿ wa-kda-niⁿ kdi-we (wéyowi-ttą wákdanį kdiwé) - when we were shot they brought us back hither

► ex: i-yo-wi taⁿ a-kda-niⁿ kdi kʰe (íyowi-ttą akdánį kdí kʰe) - when he was wounded they (his relations) brought him (or his body) home

► ex: sni-wa-te kdi ta (sníwatte kdi tta) - fall season (winter going to come) [MS]

► ex: sni-wa-te kdi ta tʰe (sníwatte kdi tta tʰe) - fall season (winter going to come) [MS]

► ex: shi-naⁿ o-zha kdi hne za-ni (šíną óža kdi hné zaní) - you (all) come back again and dance [MS]

► ex: shi-naⁿ za-ni kdi hne (šíną zaní kdi hné) - everybody come back again (request) [MS]

► ex: shi-naⁿ kdi hne (šíną kdi hné) - come back again (request) [MS]

► ex: shi-naⁿ ka-saⁿ-niⁿ a-kdi ta miⁿ-kʰe (šíną kasą́nį akdí tta mįkʰé) - I'll come back tomorrow [MS]

► ex: shi-noⁿ kjhi (šínǫ kǰi) - comeback again [AG]

► ex: jhi-e shi-noⁿ kjhi (ǰíe šínǫ kǰí) - you come back again [AG]

► ex: jhi-taⁿ-ke wi-ta kjhi ta niⁿ-kʰe (ǰíttą́ke wítta kǰi tta nįkʰé) - my sister is coming pretty soon', should be wi-taⁿ-ke (wittą́ke) - my sister [AG]

► Dhegiha: gthi (gthí) - come back [JOD-Omaha]; gthi (gthi) - to come home, to return home [FL-Osage]; li (lí), a-li (alí) - arrive back here, arrive home here, return here, come back, get back, motion accomplished [CQ-Osage]; li (li) - to have come home, to have come back [Kaw]

come, to have come here, arrive

► tʰi (tʰi) - arrive, to have come here ► a-tʰi (atʰí) - I, da-tʰi (datʰí) - you, oⁿ-ka-tʰi-we (ǫkáTiwe) - we

► cf. a-kda tʰi (ákda tʰí) - arrive here (for the first time) to this place (not one's home) to get one's own object (horse, child, gun, etc.); a-ki tʰi (akí tʰi) - to have arrived here to get someone's; ki-tʰi (kítʰi) - to have arrived to/for someone

► ex: a-tʰi (atʰí) - I came [MR]

► ex: a-tʰi (atʰí) - I'm coming, I come [MR]

► ex: a-tʰi miⁿ-kʰe aⁿ-da-kni hoⁿ-ba-de, de-ho-taⁿ xti, ho-taⁿ miⁿ-kʰe (atʰí mįkʰé ą́dakni hǫ́bade, dehóttą xti, hóttą mįkʰé) - today was a nice day, and I am glad to be here [MR]

► ex: wi-e de-do a-tʰi ta miⁿ-kʰe (wíe dédo atʰí ta mįkʰé) - I’m sitting right here (I will be arriving here) [AG]

► ex: ha-tʰaⁿ-ti da-tʰi e (hatʰą́tti datʰí e) - when did you come? [MS]

► ex: da-tʰi ta (datʰí tta) - when you come (future) [MS]

► ex: ti wi-ta ti da-tʰi koⁿ-bda zhi (tti wítta tti datʰí kkǫbdá ži) - I don't want you coming around my house [MS]

► ex: hi-bde ta, ti wi-ta ti da-tʰi koⁿ-bda zhi (hibdé tta, tti wítta tti datʰí kkǫbdá ži) - when I'm gone, don't you come around my house [MS]

► ex: hoⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ o-ho zhi da-tʰi ta (hǫní̜ttą óho ži datʰí tta) - how come he (dog) doesn't bark when you come around? [MS]

► ex: maⁿ-tʰe da-tʰi hne (mą́tʰe datʰí hné) - come back inside [MS]

► ex: shi-naⁿ aⁿ-ki-toiⁿ tʰi hne (šíną ąkitoį tʰi hné) - come back and see me again (request) [MS]

► ex: de-do tʰi, t’e kʰe (dedo tʰi, tʔe kʰe) - he/she arrived here, the dead (person)

Dhegiha: a-ti (atí) - arrive here, came [Omaha]; ʰtsi (ṭsi) - to come, has come [FL-Osage]; a-tsʰi (acʰí) - arrive here, come here, motion accomplished, reach as a location or place, initial a is sometimes omitted in 3^rd person forms and normally omitted in imperatives [CQ-Osage]; chi (chi) - arrive here, arrive over there, arrive at a place not his home for first time [Kaw]

come forth, pass by

► tʰi-de (tʰidé) - pass by, come forth ► a-tʰi-de (atʰibdé) - I, da-tʰi-de (datʰitté) - you

► cf. tʰi (tʰi) - arrive, to have come here; de (de) - go; tʰi-da-da (tʰidáda) - start now and then to do something

► Dhegiha: tʰi-the (tʰithé) - to begin, commence, or start suddenly, to come forth, as an infant at birth [Omaha/Ponca]; tsi-the (tsi-the) - passing by [FL-Osage]; ʰtsi-the (ṭsi-thé) - he hastened, he began, denoting sudden action [FL-Osage]; ʰtsi-the-the (ṭsi-thé-the) - to pass along [FL-Osage]

► ka-xe tʰi-de (káqe tíd^¢ĕ) - masculine name [JOD]

► cf. ka-xe (kkáγe) - raven; tʰi-de (tʰidé) - pass by

Dhegiha: ka-xe ka-ti-the (kaxékatithe) - Crow Sound Passing, male name [Omaha]

at birth

► haⁿ-ka tʰi-de (hañ′k͓a tíd^¢ĕ) - masculine name [JOD]

► cf. haⁿ-ka (hą́ka) - ancestral/first gens; tʰi-de (tʰidé) - pass by

► Dhegiha: haⁿ-ga tsi-ye-ta (háⁿga ciyéta) - the Hañga or Gray Eagle Passes (and we see him) [Kaw]

► ka-hi-ke tʰi-de (k͓ahík͓e tíd^¢ĕ) - masculine name, father of Louis Angell [JOD]; name translates to Passes Along Chief; called Lame Chief because of being lame, Lame Chief (b. 1800 d. 1874) was father to Tall Chief

► ka-hi-ke tʰi-de (Kiahhacketady) - Treaty with the Quapaw (1824)

► ka-hi-ke tʰi-de (Kaheketteda) - Chief, Treaty with the Quapaw (1833)

► cf. ka-hi-ke (kahíke), ga-hi-ge (gahíge) - chief; tʰi-de (tʰidé) - pass by, come forth at birth

► kde-taⁿ tʰi-de (ktqetăⁿ′ tíd^¢ĕ) - masculine name [JOD]

► cf. kde-taⁿ (kdetą́) - hawk, smallest species; tʰi-de (tʰidé) - pass by

► Dhegiha: gthe-doⁿ tsi-e (gthe-dóⁿ tsi-e) - Hawk Passing By, personal name, refers to the hawk attacking prey [FL-Osage]

► maⁿ-niⁿ tʰi-de (maⁿniⁿ′ tíd^¢ĕ′) - masculine name [JOD]

► cf. maⁿ-niⁿ (mąnį́) - walk; tʰi-de (tʰidé) - pass by

► mi tʰi-de (mi tid^¢ĕ) - Sun Passes Along, sister of Mrs. Stafford [JOD]

► cf. mi (mi) - sun, moon, orb; tʰi-de (tʰidé) - pass by

► shoⁿ-ke tʰi-de (căñ′k͓e tíd^¢ĕ) - masculine name [JOD]

► cf. shoⁿ-ke (šǫ́ke) - dog; tʰi-de (tʰidé) - pass by

► Dhegiha: shoⁿ-ge ʰtsi-e (shóⁿ-ge ṭsi-e) - Dog Passing By, personal name [FL-Osage]; shoⁿ-ge tsi-ye (shóⁿge cíye) - male name [Kaw]

► wa-koⁿ-ta tʰi-de (wa-kûn′-t͓a ti-d^¢ĕ) - masculine name of the Kwapa wa-zhiⁿ-ka (wajiñk͓a) or Bird gens; The Thunder Being Passed on or Advanced. The first name of Alphonsus Valliere [JOD]

► cf. wa-kaⁿ-ta (wakką́tta), wa-koⁿ-ta (wakǫ́ta) - spirit, God; tʰi-de (tʰidé) - pass by

come to see someone

► ki-toⁿ-we tʰi (kkittǫ́we tʰi) - visit, go/come to see someone

► cf. toiⁿ (toį) - look; contraction of toⁿ-we (tǫ́we), taⁿ-we (tą́we) - look at something; a-taⁿ-we (átąwe), (áttąwe) - look upon; a-ki-toⁿ-we (ákkittǫ́we) - watch out for, beware of, take great care of, refrain from

► ex: aⁿ-ki-toiⁿ tʰi hne (ąkitoį tʰi hné) - come see me (request) [MS]

► ex: shi-naⁿ aⁿ-ki-toiⁿ tʰi hne (šíną ąkitoį tʰi hné) - come back and see me again (request) [MS]

► Dhegiha: gi-doⁿ-be tsi (gidóⁿbe cí) - visit, go/come to see someone [Kaw]; ki-toⁿ-pe (kitǫ́pe) - see someone, look with regard to someone, look down on (benevolently), watch over [CQ-Osage]; gi-doⁿ-be (gi-dóⁿ-be) - to view one’s own property [FL-Osage]

come near doing something

► aⁿ-ni … ni-hi (ą́ni ... nihí) - nearly, come near doing something, verb falls between

► Dhegiha: oⁿ-thiⁿ-oⁿ (oⁿthiⁿoⁿ) - almost [Omaha]; hoⁿ-ni (hóⁿ-ni) - nearly, almost [FL-Osage]; hoⁿ-ni (hǫ́ni), ho-ni (hóni) - almost, nearly, can be used to express “fail to” [CQ-Osage]; haⁿ-niⁿ-daⁿ … niⁿ-e (háⁿniⁿdáⁿ … níⁿ e), haⁿ-ni-daⁿ … ni (háⁿnidáⁿ … ní) - almost, to nearly do X (unintentionally) [Kaw]

come off

► xdo-te (xdótte) - peel off, come off as a scab

► cf. xdo-ta-de (xdottáde) - peel off of its own accord; di-xdo-te (dixdótte) - peel something off a surface; di-xto (dixtó) - pull open, peel back; o-xe di-xto (óxe dixtó) - pull open a cache

► Dhegiha: xthu-de (qthúde) - peel, slip, to be peeled off, to slip out of [Omaha/Ponca]; thi-xtho-dse (thi-xthó-dse) - to peel, as peeling a potato, to peel skin off [FL-Osage]; thi-lo-tse (ðiilóce) - peel [CQ-Osage]; yu-xlo-je (yuxlóje) - peel something, peel with the hand [Kaw]

come undone

► naⁿ-kda (nąkdá) - loosen; come undone, as a shoelace ► a-naⁿ-kda (aną́kda) - I, da-naⁿ-kda (daną́kda) - you

► cf. bi-kda (bikdá) - press out, push/blow loose; da-kda (dakdá) - undo with the mouth, teeth; di-kda (dikdá) - undo, untie, pull loose; ka-kda (kakdá) - sway; pa-kda (pákda) - cut along the edge of something