Quapaw Dictionary

English to Quapaw Dictionary
A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H-I-J-K-L-M-N-O-P-Q-R-S-T-U-V-W-X-Y-Z
Quapaw Sources	Dhegiha Sources

certain depth

► she-tʰaⁿ-ha (šetʰą́ha) - deep enough, a certain depth

► cf. a-tʰaⁿ-ha (atʰą́ha) - how deep; de-tʰaⁿ-ha (detʰą́ha) - deep, this much; kaⁿ-ze a-tʰaⁿ-ha (kką́ze átʰąha) - depth, equal or like; miⁿ-de-tʰaⁿ-ha (mįdétʰąha) - half that depth

certain height

► she-tʰaⁿ-ka (šetʰąkká), she-taⁿ-ka (šettąká) - tall enough, a certain height

► cf. a-tʰaⁿ-ka (atʰąkká) - how tall, how high; de-tʰaⁿ-ka (detʰąkká), de-taⁿ-ka (dettąká) - tall, this (much); kaⁿ-ze a-tʰaⁿ-ka (kką́ze atʰąkká) - of equal height; miⁿ-de-tʰaⁿ-ka (mįdétʰąká) - half that height

certain length

► she-tʰaⁿ (šetʰą) - long enough, a certain length

► cf. ka-tʰaⁿ (katʰą́) - that long, of that length; kaⁿ-ze a-tʰaⁿ (kką́ze átʰą) - of equal length; miⁿ-de-tʰoⁿ (mįdétʰǫ) - half that length; de-tʰoⁿ (detʰǫ́), de-tʰaⁿ (detʰą́) - long, this (much)

certain point, on this side of a

► to-wa (tówa) - on this side of a certain point

► cf. to-wa-da-tʰe (tówadatʰé) - those du/st or cl/in objects on this side; to-wa-ke (tówaké) - those pl/st/an objects on this side; to-wa-kʰe (tówakʰe) - that sg/ly/in object on this side; to-wa-ni-kʰa (tówanikʰá) - those pl/si or lying objects on this side; to-wa-niⁿ (tówanį) - that sg/mv/an object on this side or the nearer of two objects; to-wa-niⁿ-kʰe (tówanįkʰé) - that sg/si object on this side; to-wa-pa (tówapa) - those pl/mv/an objects on this side; to-wa-tʰe (tówatʰe) - that sg/st or cl/in object on this side

certain size

► e-naⁿ-ska (enąska) - of a certain size

► cf. e-naⁿ (éną) - only that; de-na-ska (denaská) - size, of this size; ha-na-ska (hánaská) - how big/small, what size; i-kaⁿ-ska (íkąska) - measure; i-kaⁿ-ska-de (íkąskáde) - measure, distance, money, etc.; ka-na-ska (kanaská) - size, of that size; kaⁿ-ze a-na-ska (kką́ze ánaska) - of equal or like size; koi-na-ska (kóinaská) - size of that distant object; miⁿ-de-na-ska (mįdénaska) - half that size; she-na-ska (šenaská) - size, big enough, of that size

certain to die

► t’e ki-ha (tʔé kihá) - certain to die, be terminal ► aⁿ-t’e aⁿ-ki-ha (ątʔé ąkíha) - I, di-t’e di-ki-ha (ditʔé dikíha) - you

► cf. t’e (tʔe) - die; ki-ha (kihá) - finish, quit

► Dhegiha: t’e (t’e) - to die, to be dead [Omaha/Ponca]; ʰts’e (ṭs’e) - to die, decease, demise, defunct, to swoon, to faint [FL-Osage]; ts’e (cʔé) - die, death, the dead, dead person [CQ-Osage]; ts’e (ts’e) - dead, to die, be dead [Kaw]

chafe

► di-ta-zhe (dittáže) - blister, chafe, rub raw ► bdi-ta-zhe (bdíttaže) - I, ti-ta-zhe (ttíttaže) - you

► Dhegiha: ga-da-zhe (gadazhe) - to chafe or blister the hands from using an ax or hoe too long [Omaha/Ponca]; ga-da-zhe (ga-dá-zhe) - to blister the hands by the use of tools [FL-Osage]; ga-da-zhe (gadázhe) - blister, to blister, as the hand, by cutting a long time with an ax [Kaw] …. ba-da-zhe (ba-dá-zhe) - to blister the hands by the use of a tool requiring pushing [FL-Osage]; ba-da-zhe (badázhe) - to blister [Kaw]

chain

► ma-ze o-do-ki-aⁿ-da-da (máze odókkiądáda) - chain

► cf. ma-ze (mazé) - iron

chair

► a-kniⁿ (áknį) - chair, seat

► a-kniⁿ (áknį) - chair [MS, AB, OM]

► cf. a (á) - on, upon; kniⁿ (knį), kdiⁿ (kdį) - sit, be sitting, be in a place, camp

► ex: a-kniⁿ tʰe (áknį tʰe) - the chair

► Dhegiha: a-gthiⁿ (ágthiⁿ) - chair, seat [Omaha/Ponca]; a-gthiⁿ (á-gthiⁿ) - chair, to sit upon a cushion, robe, or chair [FL-Osage]; a-liⁿ (áalįį) - chair, seat [CQ-Osage]; a-liⁿ (álįį) - sit upon, ride on, place upon, upon, chair [CQ-Osage]; a-liⁿ (áliⁿ) - sit on, chair [Kaw]

chair with inner springs

► a-kniⁿ bi-st-sti (áknį bistísti) - chair with inner springs

► cf. a-kniⁿ (áknį) - chair, seat; bi-sti-sti (bistísti) - flatten by pressure/blowing

change

► di-e-zhi (dieží) - change, alter, abrogate ► bdi-e-zhi (bdíeži) - I, ti-e-zhi (ttíeži) - you

► cf. e-zhi (éži) - another, different; e-zhi-naⁿ-naⁿ (éžiną́ną) - different things, different

► Dhegiha: thi-a-zhi (thiazhi) - changed [Omaha]; thi-e-zhi (thi-é-zhi) - change in plans, to make a change in one’s plan, or in making of something, to pervert, perversion [FL-Osage]; thu-e-zhi (ðúeži) - change, lit., ‘make different’ [CQ-Osage]; yu-e-zhi (yuézhi) - change, alter something, act or dress differently [Kaw]

charcoal

► ta-xde (táxde) - coals, charcoal

► tʰa-kde (t'ákkaDe) - coal, ember [FS]

► ta-xde sa (táxde sa) - coal, “black coal” [MS]

► cf. ta-xde ki-kde-zhe (taxdé kkikdéže) - dead coals; ta-xde we-kdi (táxde wékdi) - coal oil; ta-xde we-kdi a-ta-kaⁿ (táxde wékdi áttakką́) - coal oil lamp

► Dhegiha: noⁿ-xthe (noⁿxthe) - coal fuel, charcoal [Omaha]; noⁿ-xthe (noⁿ-xthé) - charcoal, coal [FL-Osage]; naⁿ-xle (naⁿxlé) - coals, embers [Kaw]

► iⁿ ta-xde (į́ ttáxde) - coal, lit. “stone charcoal”

► cf. iⁿ (į) - stone, rock; ta-xde (táxde) - coals, charcoal

charge

► ki-de (kíde) - charge, ask a price ► a-ki-de (akíde) - I, da-ki-de (dakíde) - you

► wa-naⁿ (waną́) - charge a price, ask ► wa-bnaⁿ (wabną́) - I, wa-taⁿ (wattą́) - you

charm

► maⁿ-hiⁿ si (maⁿ hī sǐ) - arrowhead charm representing "Fire-man" or more probably "Flint-fire-man", when under the influence of "mescal (peyote) the Indians think that they can commune with this being by holding the charm in their hand, from George Red Eagle [MH]

► cf. maⁿ-hiⁿ si (mą́hį sí) - arrowhead

► Dhegiha: moⁿ-hiⁿ si (móⁿhiⁿsí) - arrowhead [Omaha/Ponca]; moⁿ-hiⁿ si (móⁿ-hiⁿ-çi) - flint arrow point [FL-Osage]; iⁿ moⁿ-hiⁿ si (íⁿ-moⁿ-hiⁿ-çi) - stone arrowhead [FL-Osage]; moⁿ-ze moⁿ-hiⁿ si (móⁿ-çe moⁿ-hiⁿ-çi) - iron arrowhead [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-hiⁿ su (máⁿhiⁿ sú) - arrowhead [Kaw]; iⁿ ma-hiⁿ su (íⁿ máⁿhiⁿ sú) - flint arrowhead [Kaw]

► wa-naⁿ-'iⁿ (wŭ nŭ ī) - medicine necklace, this is worn in the "mescal" (peyote) ceremony. It bears an arrowhead charm maⁿ-hiⁿ si (máⁿ hī si) [arrowhead] representing Flint-Fire, panther claw maⁿ-tʰo (mú tó) [grizzly bear] representing the panther that shows the way to the spirit world, and a medicine root ma-kaⁿ (mú kuⁿ) [medicine] "to make everything all right in the lodge." Any of these may be "talked to" by people under the influence of "mescal" by holding the charm in the hand. This specimen was very hard to get, from Solomon Quapaw [MH]

► cf. naⁿ-’iⁿ (nąʔį́) - wear around the neck; wa-naⁿ-’iⁿ (waną́ʔį) - necklace, necktie, neckerchief; wa-naⁿ-’iⁿ (waną́ʔį) - beads; to-te wa-naⁿ-‘iⁿ (tótte waną́ʔį) - necklace; wa-zhiⁿ-ka pa-si to-te wa-naⁿ-‘iⁿ (wažį́ka ppási tótte waną́ʔį) - bird's beak necklace

► Dhegiha: wa-noⁿ-p'iⁿ (wanóⁿp'iⁿ) - necklace, man's necklace; something worn around a man's neck [Omaha/Ponca]; wa-noⁿ-ʰp'iⁿ (wa-noⁿ-p̣'iⁿ) - necklace, these were made of shells, nuts of trees, elk teeth, pendants were made of mussel shells also, this is also applied to the symbolic neck ornament, gorget [FL-Osage]; wa-noⁿ-p'iⁿ (wanǫ́pʔį) - necklace, gorget, choker, medallion, medal, something worn around the neck [CQ-Osage]; wa-naⁿ-p'iⁿ (wanáⁿp'iⁿ) - necklace [Kaw]

chase

► di-xe (dixé) - chase, pursue, hunt ► bdi-xe (bdíxe) - I, ti-xe (ttíxe) - you

► cf. ta-si di-xe (ttási dixé) - to hunt muskrat

► Dhegiha: thi-xe (thíxe) - chasing, chase after [Omaha]; thi-xe (thi-xé) - to pursue, to chase [FL-Osage]; thu-xi (ðuxí) - chase [CQ-Osage]; yu-xe (yuxé) - chase, pursue [Kaw]

cheapen

► di-to-ti (dittótti) - cheapen, lower in price ► bdi-to-ti (bdíttotti) - I, ti-to-ti (ttíttotti) - you

cheek

► de-xoⁿ-ta (déxǫttá) - cheek

► Dhegiha: the-xoⁿ-de (théxoⁿde) - side of the face, cheek, jowl, lower jaw of an animal [Omaha/Ponca]; the-xoⁿ-de (thé-xoⁿ-de) - the cheeks [FL-Osage]; ye-gho-da (yé-gho-da) - cheek [Kaw]

► ta-te-noⁿ-shi (ttattenǫ́ši) - cheek

cheese

► ma-ze ni wa-ske (mazéni wáske) - cheese, lit. "milk cake"

► ma-ze ni wa-ske (mazéni wáske) - cheese [OM]

► cf. ma-ze (mazé) - breast; ni (ni) - water, liquid; ma-ze ni (mazéni) - milk, lit. "breast water"; wa-ske (wáske) - bread

► Dhegiha: ma-ze-ni we-gthi sa-gi (mazéni wégthi sagí) - cheese, "hard milk grease" [Omaha/Ponca]; ma-ze-ni si-da (mazéni sída) - cheese, "firm milk" (Omaha/Ponca); ba-ze-ni sa-gi (ba-çé-ni ça-gi) - cheese, “hard milk” [FL-Osage]; pa-ze-ni sa-ki (paazénii saakí) - cheese [CQ-Osage]; pa-ze-ni we-li sa-ki (paazénii wéli saakí) - cheese, lit., 'hardened cream' [CQ-Osage]

Cherokee

► sha-da-ki (šadákki), sha-da-ke (šadákke) - Cherokee

► sha-da-ki (šadákki) - Cherokee Indians [OM]

► Dhegiha: che-thu-ki (ché-thu-ki) - Cherokee [Omaha]; sha-la-ki (šálaki), sha-ke (šaáke) - Cherokee tribe, or tribal member [CQ-Osage]; sha-ya-ki (shayáki), tse-le-ki (celekí) - Cherokee tribe [Kaw]

cherry

► kaⁿ-te shi-ka (kkątte šíka) - cherry

► cf. kaⁿ-te (kką́tte) - apple; zhi-ka (žíka) - small, little, young

chest pain, angina

► moiⁿ-ke iⁿ-te (moį́ke įté) - angina, chest pain ► moiⁿ-ke aⁿ-te (moį́ke ąté) - I, moiⁿ-ke di-iⁿ-te (moį́ke díįte) - you

► cf. maⁿ-ke (mą́ke), maⁿiⁿ-ke (mąį́ke), moiⁿ-ke (moį́ke) - chest, chest of a male; iⁿ-te (įté), iⁿ-de (įdé) - to have a pain, ache, hurt

chest, chest of a male

► maⁿ-ke (mą́ke), maⁿiⁿ-ke (mąį́ke), moiⁿ-ke (moį́ke) - chest, chest of a male

► ex: maⁿ-ke o-tʰiⁿ (mą́ke otʰį́) - Hit in the Breast, male personal name [MS]

► ex: maⁿ-ke a-di-ti-aⁿ-he (mą́ke ádittíąhe), maⁿiⁿ-ke a-di-ti-aⁿ-he (mąį́ke ádittíąhé) - girth, presumably of chest

► ex: moiⁿ-ke wa-hi (moį́ke wahí) - sternum, breast bone

► ex: moiⁿ-ke o-po-xa (moį́ke oppóγa) - sternum, just above ka-xe i-pe (kkaγe ipe) where knife is inserted in butchering

► ex: ke moiⁿ-ke ska (kké moį́ke ska) - turtle with white breast, water turtle

► ex: ke moiⁿ-ke kde-zhe (kké moį́ke kdéže) - turtle with spotted breast, water turtle

► Dhegiha: moⁿ-ge (móⁿge) - chest [Omaha/Ponca]; moⁿ-ge (moⁿge) - human chest, breast [Omaha]; moⁿ-ge (móⁿ-ge) - breast or chest of a human being [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-ke (mą́ąke), moⁿ-ke (mǫ́ǫke) - chest [CQ-Osage]; maⁿ-ge (máⁿge) - chest of a man, breast of an animal [Kaw]

chest, trunk

► zhaⁿ-pi-zhi (žąppiži) - trunk

► xoⁿ-te zhaⁿ-pi-zhi (xǫtté žąppiži) - cedar chest, “cedar-wood-to put away/fill-container” [MS]

► cf. o-pi-zhi (óppiži) - drawer; o-ki-pi (okíppi) - be full, as a container; o-zhi (óži) - bowl, dish; o-zhi (oží) - put cl into something, plant, fill; o-pi hi-hi-ka (oppí hihíkka) - box, paper or cardboard; pi knaⁿ (ppi kną́) - put away si/in/, a part/cloth

chew

► da-shki (daškí) - chew ► bda-shki (bdáški) - I, ta-shki (ttáški) - you

cf. da (da) - by mouth

► Dhegiha: tha-shki (thashkí) - chew, to chew [Omaha/Ponca]; tha-shki-ge (tha-shkí-ge) - to chew [FL-Osage]; tha-shki-ke (ðaaškíke) - chew [CQ-Osage]; ya-shki-ge (yashkíge) - chew something [Kaw]

chew to a point

► da-zi-ka (dazíkka) - chew to a point, sharpen ► bda-zi-ka (bdázikka) - I, ta-zi-ka (ttázikka) - you

► cf. da (da) - by mouth; o-zi-ka (ozíkka) - wider at one end than other; ba-zi-ka (bazíkka) - sharpen; bi-zi-ka (bizíkka) - sharpen by rubbing, hone; di-zi-ka (dizíkka) - sharpen; ki-di-zi-ka (kídizíkka) - sharpen something for someone; ka-zi-ka (kazíkka) - sharpen, as with an axe, whittle; kdi-zi-ka (kdizíkka) - sharpen pulling toward oneself; pa-zi-ka (pázikka) - whittle to a point; ta-zi-ka (tázikka) - burn to a point

chew to pieces

► da-to-we (dattówe) - chew to pieces ► bda-to-we (bdáttowe) - I, ta-to-we (ttáttowe) - you

► cf. da (da) - by mouth; ba-to-we (battówe) - break into pieces, cut up; bi-to-we (bittówe) - break, crumble into pieces; di-to-we (dittówe) - plow, pulverize the soil; we-di-to-we (wédittówe) - plow; ka-to-we (kattówe) - shatter, break in pieces; ka-to-we de-de (kattówe déde) - throw at and shatter; naⁿ-to-we (nąttówe) - step on or kick and break something; pa-to-we (páttowe) - cut into large pieces; po-to-we (póttowe) - punch or shoot to pieces

chew to slivers

► da-ste-ste (dásteste) - chew into slivers ► bda-sta-ste (bdásteste) - I, ta-ste-ste (ttásteste) - you

► cf. da (da) - by mouth; da-ste (dasté) - split with teeth; ba-ste-ste (bastéste) - cut to shreds, stab repeatedly; bi-ste-ste (bistéste) - split repeatedly, shred; di-ste-ste (distéste) - pull into shreds, slivers; ka-ste-ste (kastéste) - cut or beat to shreds/slivers; naⁿ-ste-ste (nąstéste) - kick or tread to pieces; pa-ste-ste (pásteste) - cut to slivers, split often; po-ste-ste (pósteste) - shoot or punch to slivers

► da-za-za-te (dazázatte) - chew something to slivers ► bda-za-za-te (bdázazátte) - I, ta-za-za-te (ttázazátte) - you

► cf. da (da) - by mouth; ba-za-za-te (bazázatte) - cut, stab to shreds; bi-za-za-te (bizázatte) - split from pressure; di-za-za-te (dizázatte) - pull to shreds; ka-za-za-te (kazázatte) - chop to pieces, slivers; naⁿ-za-za-te (nązázatte) - kick to pieces, splinters; pa-za-za-te (pázazátte) - split, shred, cut to splinters; po-za-za-te (pózazátte) - punch, shoot apart/to pieces

chew very fine

► da-taⁿ-ha (dattą́ha) - chew very fine ► bda-taⁿ-ha (bdáttąha) - I, ta-taⁿ-ha (ttáttąha) - you

► cf. da (da) - by mouth; ba-taⁿ-ha (battą́ha) - pulverize; bi-taⁿ-ha (bittą́ha) - crush, pulverize; di-taⁿ-ha (dittą́ha) - turn crank as on a handmill; wa-di-taⁿ-ha (wadíttąha) - cornmeal; wa-di-taⁿ-ha wa-ske (wadíttąha waské) - cornbread; ka-taⁿ-ha (kattą́ha) - pound, pulverize; naⁿ-taⁿ-ha (nąttą́ha) - crush with feet, trample to bits; pa-taⁿ-ha (páttąha) - cut up very fine, as tobacco; po-taⁿ-ha (póttąha) - pulverize by punching/shooting; ta-taⁿ-ha (táttąha) - burn to ashes, burn up

chew, eat

► da-tʰe (datʰé) - eat, chew ► bda-tʰe (bdátʰe) - I, ta-tʰe (ttátʰe) - you

cf. da (da) - by mouth

► ex: to-zhoⁿ-ke bda-tʰe miⁿ-kʰe (tožǫ́ke bdátʰe mįkʰé) - I'm eating a banana [MS]

► ex: da-tʰe wa-naⁿ-bde (datʰé waną́bde) - eating [MS]

► ex: ta da-tʰa zhi (tta dátʰa ži) - Friday, “eat no meat day” [MS]

► ex: wa-da-tʰe (wadátʰe) - food [FR]

► Dhegiha: tha-tʰe (thatʰé) - to eat, to eat an item of food [Omaha/Ponca]; tha-te (thaté) - chew [Omaha]; tha-tse (tha-tsé) - to eat [FL-Osage]; tha-tsʰe (ðaacʰé) - eat [CQ-Osage]; ya-che (yaché) - eat something [Kaw]

Cheyenne

► sha-haⁿ (ca-háⁿ) - Kwapa name for the Cheyenne Indians [JOD]

► Dhegiha: sha hi-e-the (sha híethe) - Cheyenne Tribe [Omaha]; sha-ya-niⁿ (shayániⁿ) - Cheyenne, Cheyenne tribe or people [Kaw]

Chickasaw

► ti-ka-zha (ti-ká-jă) - Kwapa name for the Chickasaw Indians [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ʰtsi-ge-shi (ṭsí-ge-shi) - Chickasaw Tribe [FL-Osage]; tsi-ka-sa (cíkasa) - Chickasaw tribe or people [Kaw]

chicken

► si-ka (síkka) - chicken, probably originally “turkey”

► si-ka (síkka) - chicken [MS, AG, OM]

► si-ka (síkka) - hen [FS]

► cf. si-ka taⁿ-ka (sikká ttą́ka) - turkey, wild; si-ka taⁿ-ka ma-zhaⁿ a-ti (síkka ttą́ka mažą́atti) - turkey, wild

► Dhegiha: zi-zi-kʰa (zizíkʰa) - turkey, wild turkey or domestic turkey [Omaha/Ponca]; siu-ka (çiú-ka) - chicken [FL-Osage]; su-ʰka (súʰka) - chicken [CQ-Osage]; si-ka (síka) - chicken [Kaw]

► si-ka zhi-te (sikkah-jitteh) - hen, “red chicken” (poule) [GI]

► cf. si-ka (síkka) - chicken, probably originally “turkey”; zhi-te (žítte) - red

► Dhegiha: si-ka zhu-je (síka zhúje) - turkey, chicken, domestic [Kaw]

chicken egg

► si-kwi-ta (sikkwittá) - hen's egg, “chicken + egg”

► si-kwi-ta (sikkwittá) - egg [MS, AG, OM]

► si-ka i-ta (sikkah-iktah) - hen egg, chicken egg (œuf de poule) [GI]

► cf. si-ka (síkka) - chicken; i-ta (ítta), wi-ta (wittá) - egg; i-ta ha (ítta há) - egg shell; i-ta o-ska (ítta oská) - egg white; i-ta o-zi (ítta ozí) - egg yolk; wa-zhiⁿ-koi-ta (wážįkóittá) - bird's egg

► Dhegiha: we-ta (wéta) - egg [Omaha/Ponca]; we-ta (wéta) - egg [Omaha]; ba-ʰta (bá-ṭa) - an egg [FL-Osage]; ʰpa-ta (ʰpáata) - egg [CQ-Osage]; i-ta (itá) - egg [Kaw]

chicken hawk

► si-ka di-ze (síkka díze) - chicken hawk

► si-ka di-ze (síkka díze) - hawk, chicken hawk, “grab a chicken” [MS]

► cf. si-ka (síkka) - chicken; di-ze (dizé) - get, take, receive

► Dhegiha: wa-zhiⁿ-ga wa-thi-ze (wazhiⁿga wathiçe) - chicken hawk [Omaha]; su-ʰka o-thiⁿ-ke (súʰka oðį́įke) - hawk, lit., ‘cathes chickens’ [CQ-Osage]; wa-zhiⁿ-ga o-yiⁿ-ge (wazhíⁿga oyíⁿge) - contracts to wa-zhiⁿ-go-yiⁿ-ge (wazhíⁿgoyíⁿge) - a species of bird-catching hawk [Kaw]

chicken, hen

► si-ka wa-x'o (síkka waxʔó) - hen, lit. “female chicken”

► si-ka wa-x'o (síkka waxʔó) - hen chicken [OM]

► cf. si-ka (síkka) - chicken; wa-x'o (waxʔó) - woman, also female animal

chicken, rooster

► si-ka ni-ka (síkka níkka) - rooster, lit. “male chicken”

► si-ka ni-ka (síkka níkka) - rooster [MS, OM]

► cf. si-ka (síkka) - chicken; ni-ka (níkka) - man, male animal

chicken, young chicken, chick

► si-ka zhi-ka (síkka žíka) - chick, young chicken

► cf. si-ka (síkka) - chicken; zhi-ka (žíka) - small, little, young

chief

► ka-hi-ke (kahíke), ga-hi-ge (gahíge) - chief

► ga-hi-ge (gahíge) - chief [MR, OM]

► Dhegiha: ga-hi-ge (ga-hí-ge) - the great one, the chief [FL-Osage]; ka-hi-ke (ka-hí-ke) - chief [CQ-Osage]; ga-hi-ge (gahíge) - chief, leader, ruler, be chief, rule over; JOD (reflecting his times): to rule over, as a chief or U.S. agent does

[Kaw]

► ka-hi-ke (k͓a-hí-k͓e) - masculine name, Chief (who keeps a sacred pipe?) [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ga-hi-ge (gahíge) - Chief, male name [Omaha]

chief, Chief Who Watches Over Something

► a-ki-ta ka-hi-ke (á-ki-t͓a k͓a-hí-k͓e) - masculine name of the wa-kaⁿ-ta (wakan′tă) or Thunder being gens of the Kwapa; Chief (keeping a sacred pipe) who Watches over something [JOD]

► cf. a-ki-ta (ákkitta) - watch over someone else's property; ka-hi-ke (kahíke), ga-hi-ge (gahíge) - chief

► Dhegiha: a-ki-da ga-hi-ge (ákida gahige) - To Watch Over Chief, male name [Omaha]; a-ʰki-ta ga-hi-ge (á-ḳi-da-ga-hi-ge) - Chief Protector, personal name, refers to the one who protects the chiefs [FL-Osage]; a-ʰki-ta ka-hi-ke (áʰkita kahíke) - chief of the soldiers [CQ-Osage]; a-ki-da ga-hi-ga (ákida gahiga) - war chief, soldier chief [Kaw]

chief, Large Chief, Big Chief

► ka-hi-ke taⁿ-ka (kahíke ttą́ka) - head chief of a tribe

► ka-hi-ke taⁿ-ka (k͓a-hí-k͓e tañ′-k͓a) - masculine name, Large Chief [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ga-hi-ge ʰtoⁿ-ga (ga-hí-ge-ṭoⁿ-ga) - Big Chief, personal name, refers to the high position of the hereditary chief [FL-Osage]; ga-hi-ge taⁿ-ga (gahíge táⁿga) - Large Chief, male name [Kaw]

chief, Little Chief

► ka-hi-ke zhi-ka (kahíke žíka) - Little Chief [MS]

► cf. ka-hi-ke (kahíke), ga-hi-ge (gahíge) - chief; zhi-ka (žíka) small, little, young

► Dhegiha: ga-hi-ge zhiⁿ-ga (gahíge zhiⁿga) - Little Chief, male name [Omaha]; ga-hi-ge zhiⁿ-ga (ga-hi-ge-zhiⁿ-ga) - Young Chief, personal name [FL-Osage]; ga-hi-ge zhiⁿ-ga (gahíge zhíⁿga) - Young Chief, male name [Kaw]

chief, Passes Along Chief

► ka-hi-ke tʰi-de (k͓ahík͓e tíd^¢ĕ) - male name, father of Louis Angell [JOD]; name translates to Passes Along Chief; called Lame Chief because of being lame, Lame Chief (b. 1800 d. 1874) was father to Tall Chief.

► ka-hi-ke tʰi-de (Kiahhacketady) - Treaty with the Quapaw (1824)

► ka-hi-ke tʰi-de (Kaheketteda) - Chief, Treaty with the Quapaw (1833)

► cf. ka-hi-ke (kahíke), ga-hi-ge (gahíge) - chief; tʰi-de (tʰidé) - pass by, come forth at birth

► Dhegiha: tʰi-the (tʰithé) - to begin, commence, or start suddenly, to come forth, as an infant at birth [Omaha/Ponca]; tsi-the (tsi-the) - passing by [FL-Osage]; ʰtsi-the (ṭsi-thé) - he hastened, he began, denoting sudden action [FL-Osage]; ʰtsi-the-the (ṭsi-thé-the) - to pass along [FL-Osage]

chief, Standing Chief

► ka-hi-ke na-zhiⁿ (k͓a-hí-k͓e na-jiⁿ′) - masculine name of the Kwapa oⁿ-pʰoⁿ (oⁿpʰŭⁿ) or Elk gens; Standing Chief. "James Medicine," son of pa ska-iⁿ (pa skaⁿiⁿ) and …. [JOD]

► cf. ka-hi-ke (kahíke), ga-hi-ge (gahíge) - chief; na-zhiⁿ (nažį́) - stand

► Dhegiha: ga-hi-ge noⁿ-zhiⁿ (ga-hí-ge-noⁿ-zhiⁿ) - Standing Chief, personal name, so named on account of position of the chief, permanent, chosen to represent a division [FL-Osage]; ga-hi-ge na-zhiⁿ (gahíge nazhiⁿ) - Standing Chief, male name [Kaw]

chief, Tall Chief

► ka-hi-ke ste-te (kahíke stétte) - Tallchief, nickname for Louis Angel due to his height, also known as, wa-zhiⁿ haⁿ-ka (wažį́hą́ka) - angel, ancestral or first bird, sacred bird [MS]

► ka-hi-ke ste-te (k͓a-hí-k͓e stĕ-t͓ĕ) - masculine name of Louis Angells, a Kwapa chief; Tall Chief. Perhaps a nickname [JOD]

► cf. ka-hi-ke (kahíke), ga-hi-ge (gahíge) - chief; ste-te (stétte) - tall, long

► Dhegiha: ga-hi-ge sne-de (gahíge snede) - Tall Chief, male name [Omaha]

chief, Thunder Being Chief

► wa-kaⁿ-ta ka-hi-ke (wa-kan′-t͓ă k͓a-hí-k͓e) - masculine name of the Kwapa oⁿ-pʰoⁿ (oⁿpʰŭⁿ) or Elk gens; Thunder-being Chief. A name of John Medicine, as told by him, Dec. 20, 1890. His other name was oⁿ-pʰoⁿ wa-kaⁿ-ta (oⁿpʰŭⁿ wakant͓ă). He belongs to the o-ka-xpa-xti (uk͓aqpa-qti) or Real Kwapa village or phratry of the tribe. [JOD]

► cf. wa-kaⁿ-ta (wakką́tta) - spirit, God; ka-hi-ke (kahíke), ga-hi-ge (gahíge) - chief

chief, Two Buffalo Chief

► ka-hi-ke (ka hi kah thomba te) - Two Buffalo Chief

► cf. ka-hi-ke (kahíke), ga-hi-ge (gahíge) - chief; naⁿ-pa (ną́pa), noⁿ-pa (nǫ́pa), noⁿ-ba (nǫ́ba) - two; te (tte) - buffalo

chief, Woman Chief

► ka-hi-ke wa-x’o (Ka hi kah wahko), (Kihekahwahko) - Woman Chief

► cf. ka-hi-ke (kahíke), ga-hi-ge (gahíge) - chief; wa-x’o (waxʔó) - woman

Dhegiha: wa-ʰk’o ga-hi-ge (wa-ḳ’ó-ga-hi-ge) - Woman Chief, female personal name [FL-Osage]; wa-k’o ga-hi-ge (wak’ó gahíge) - Woman Chief, female name [Kaw]

chief of a gens (clan)

► wa-pi-na (wappína) - chief of a gens (clan)

► wa-pi-na (wapína) - one who tells about old ways; ka-hi-ke ste-te (kahike stete), naⁿ-ka to (nanka tu), ka-ni zhi-ka (kani jika) only ones now [JOD]; custom, give up name when sick, someone else takes (adopts) the sick person as his (or her) child & gives a new name. If patient gets well, he must do some work for his (or her) adoptive parent. When Isabel was sick, she was told she must become sister to Geo R. who got her the name mi-ska ti-naⁿ (mi ska tinaⁿ) for her. This .... Geo R. .... who he had to pay the wa-pi-naⁿ (wapínaⁿ) [JOD]

► cf. wa-pi-na o-ti (wappína ótti), wa-pi-no-ti (wappínótti) - council house of a gens

chief, war chief, war captain

► to-taⁿ haⁿ-ka (totą́hąka) - war captain, war chief

► cf. to-taⁿ (totą́) - war; haⁿ-ka (hą́ka) - ancestral gens

► Dhegiha: nu-doⁿ hoⁿ-ga (nudoⁿ hoⁿga) - master, overseer, captain, colonel, director, emperor, boss, chairman, officer, leader, commander [Omaha]; do-doⁿ hoⁿ-ga (do-dóⁿ hoⁿ-ga) - chief commander of the army [FL-Osage]; to-taⁿ-ha (totą́ ha), to-taⁿ haⁿ-ka (totą́ hąka) - committeeman, member of war  dance committee, one with rank of war dance committee, one with rank of  authority, ranking member [CQ-Osage]; do-daⁿ haⁿ-ga (dodáⁿ háⁿga) - leader of a war party, captain of a team [Kaw]

child

► shi-zhi-ka (šižíka) - child, children

► shi-zhi-ka (šižíka) - baby [AG]

► shi-zhiⁿ-ka (ši˙žį́Ga) - baby, child [FV]

► shi-zhi-ka (šižíka) - baby, boy

► shi-zhiⁿ-ka (schehjinka) - baby, child (enfant) [GI]

► shi-shi-ka (ši˙ší˙Ga) - baby, child [VG]

► ex: shi-zhi-ka zho-hi hi (šižíka žóhi hi) - family, a lot of children [MS]

► ex: jhi-e shi-zhi-ka a-tiⁿ ni-she (jhíe šižíkka attį́ nišé) - do you have any children? [AG]

► ex: ni-ka-shi-ka wa-x′o ka-iⁿ-ke shi-zhi-ka (níkkašíka waxʔó káįké šižíkka) - men, women, and the children [AG]

► ex: shi-zhi-ka a-ki-toⁿ-wa (šížika ákkittǫwá) - take great care of the infant!

► ex: shi-zhi-ka a-ka-kaⁿ (šižíka ákakką) - baby powder [MS]

► ex: shi-zhi-ka i-ta-de kʰe (šižíka íttade kʰé) - that baby was born [MS]

► Dhegiha: shiⁿ-ga-zhiⁿ-ga (shíⁿgazhíⁿga) - baby, child, infant [Omaha/Ponca]; shiⁿ-ga zhiⁿ-ga (shiⁿga zhiⁿga) - child, baby, infant, children [Omaha]; zhiⁿ-ga zhiⁿ-ga (zhiⁿ-gá zhiⁿ-ga) - baby [FL-Osage]; zhiⁿ-ka-zhiⁿ (žįkažį́) - child(ren), little one(s), kid(s), childhood [CQ-Osage]; zhiⁿ-ga zhiⁿ-ga (zhiⁿgá zhíⁿga) - child, infant, children [Kaw]

chills and fever

► sni-tʰe zho-ka-te (snítʰe žókkatte) - to have chills and fever ► sni-tʰe zho-aⁿ-ka-te (snítʰe žóąkkátte) - I, sni-tʰe zho-di-ka-te (snítʰe žódikkátte) - you

► cf. sni-tʰe (snítʰe) - to be cold; zho-ka-te (žókkatte) - fever, to have a fever

► Dhegiha: zni-tʰe (znítʰe) - cold, to be cold, said of humans [Omaha/Ponca]; zni-te (çníte) - chill [Omaha]; hni-ʰtse (hní-ṭse) - to be cold [FL-Osage]; ni-ʰtse (níʰce) - be cold, feel cold [CQ-Osage]; hni-tse (hníce) - to be cold, as a person or animal [Kaw] …. zhu-na-kʰa-de (zhunákʰade) - fever, to have a fever [Omaha/Ponca]; zhu-na-ka-de (zhunakade) - fever [Omaha]; zho-da-ʰka-de (zhó-da-ḳa-de) - bodies hot or feverish, feverish body [FL-Osage]; zhu-da-ʰka-dse (zhu da-ḳa-dse) - fever, to have a fever [FL-Osage]

chimney

► ti-ho-kaⁿ (ttíhokką) - smoke hole

► cf. ti-ho-kaⁿ i-da-ka-bniⁿ (ttíhokką idákabnį) - smoke hole flaps; ti-ho-kaⁿ a-kabniⁿ (ttíhokką ákabnį) - to close the triangular ends of the tent skins forming the smoke-hole

► Dhegiha: ti-hu-koⁿ (tíhukoⁿ) - smoke hole at the top of a lodge [Omaha/Ponca]; ti-hu-koⁿ (ti hukoⁿ) - stovepipe, smoke hole, flue chimney [Omaha]; ʰtsi-hu-ʰkoⁿ (ṭsí-hu-ḳoⁿ) - smoke hole of a tent or lodge [FL-Osage]; tsi-ho-ka (cíhoka) - smoke hole of a lodge, chimney [Kaw]

► sho-ti-o-he-de (šóttiohéde) - smoke hole, chimney

► cf. sho-te (šótte) - smoke

chimney swallow

► a-to-to-ska (áttottóska) - chimney swallow

chin

► da-ka wa-hi (dáka wáhi) - chin [MS]

► da-ka wa-hi (dáka wáhi) - jawbone

► cf. da-ka (dáka) - jaw, the under jaw; da-ka hiⁿ (dakáhį) - whiskers, sideburns

► di-ba wa-hi (díba wáhi) - chin (bone)

► cf. wa-hi (wahí) - bone; di-ba hiⁿ (dibáhį) - beard

► Dhegiha: the-ba (théba) - jaw [Omaha]; the-ba (thé-ba) - the under jaw, the jaw [FL-Osage]; the-pa (ðéepa) - chin, jaw [CQ-Osage]; ye-ba (yéba) - jaw [Kaw]

Choctaw

► ta-xta (tá-qta) - Kwapa name for the Choctaw Indians [JOD]

► Dhegiha: tsa-ta (catá) - Choctaw tribe or people [Kaw]

chop

► ka-shoⁿ-da-da (kašǫ́dada) - undercut by striking, chopping ► a-shoⁿ-da-da (ášǫdada) - I, da-shoⁿ-da-da (dášǫdada) - you, oⁿ-ka-shoⁿ-da-da (ǫkášǫdada) we dual, I and one other

► cf. ka (ka) - by striking; shoⁿ-da-da (šǫ́dada) - unsteady, insecure; ba-shoⁿ-da-da (bašǫ́dada) - loosen, destabilize pushing at; bi-shoⁿ-da-da (bišǫ́dada) - upset, make unsteady pressing; naⁿ-shoⁿ-da-da (nąšǫ́dadá) - destabilize with the foot; kick loose; pa-shoⁿ-da-da (pášǫdadá) - undercut, undermine; po-shoⁿ-da-da (póšǫdadá) - make top heavy by thrusting at; ta-shoⁿ-da-da (tášǫdadá) - top heavy, unsteady by burning; naⁿ-te shoⁿ-da-da-zhi (ną́tte šǫ́dadáži) - stout hearted

► ka-te-shka (kattešká) - shorten by chopping of ► a-te-shka (átteška) - I, da-te-shka (dátteška) - you

► cf. ka (ka) - by striking; te-shka (ttešká) - short, stubby; bi-te-shka (bittešká) - press down, rub down; da-te-shka (dattešká) - bite off, shorten; di-te-shka (dittešká), (dittéška) - shorten, cut short, saw off; pa-te-shka (pátteška) - cut short with a knife

► Dhegiha: te-shka (téshka) - short [Omaha/Ponca]

► ka-za-za-te (kazázatte) - chop to pieces, slivers ► a-za-za-te (ázazátte) - I, da-za-za-te (dázazátte) - you

► cf. ka (ka) - by striking; ka-za-za-te-ye (kazázatteyé) - to have cut to shreds; ba-za-za-te (bazázatte) - cut, stab to shreds; bi-za-za-te (bizázatte) - split from pressure; da-za-za-te (dazázatte) - chew something to slivers; di-za-za-te (dizázatte) - pull to shreds; naⁿ-za-za-te (nązázatte) - kick to pieces, splinters; pa-za-za-te (pázazátte) - split, shred, cut to splinters; po-za-za-te (pózazátte) - punch, shoot apart/to pieces

► ka-zi-pa (kazíppa) - chop, cut at the edge ► a-zi-pa (ázippa) - I, da-zi-pa (dázippa) - you

► cf. ka (ka) - by striking; ba-zi-pa (bazíppa) - edge, nudge, push on edge; bi-zi-pa (bizíppa) - sit/lie on the edge, to perch; da-zi-pa (dazíppa) - bite along the edge, nip; di-zi-pa (dizíppa) - grasp or hold by the edge; kdi-zi-pa (kdizíppa) - hold, grasp edge of one's own; ki-di-zi-pa (kídizippa) - hold along the edge for someone; naⁿ-zi-pa (nązíppa) - walk along the edge of something; pa-zi-pa (pázippa) - cut along the edge with a knife; po-zi-pa (pózippa) - punch along the edge of something

Christian

► maⁿ-shi o-ki (mą́ši okkí) - Christian, lit. “talks on high”

► cf. maⁿ-shi (mąší) - upward, heaven; o-ki (okí), o-ki-e (okkie), o-ke (okké), o-kye (okye) - speak, talk with one

► ex: maⁿ-shi o-ki o-ti (mą́ši okkí ótti) - church, “house to talk above”

► ex: maⁿ-shi o-ki niⁿ-kʰe (mą́ši okkí nįkʰé) - pray (he/she is praying) [MS]

► ex: mo-sho-ki (móšokki) - church [AG]

► ex: wi-e mo-sho-ki a-kde ta miⁿ-kʰe ka-sa-ni (wíe móšokki akdé tta mįkʰé kasáni) - I am going to church in the morning (tomorrow) [AG]

► ex: jhi-e mo-sho-ki da-kde (ǰíe móšokki dakdé) - did you go to church yesterday? (you to church?) [AG]

► Dhegiha: moⁿ-shi a-di (moⁿshíadi) - tall, be very tall, extend from the ground far up into the air [Omaha/Ponca]; moⁿ-shi a-ha (moⁿshiaha) - high [Omaha]; moⁿ-shi (móⁿ-shi) - up above, the arch of heaven, zenith [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-shi (mą́ši) - be upward or upright [CQ-Osage]; maⁿ-shi (máⁿshi) - high up, as the sun in the sky [Kaw] …. wa-goⁿ-ze wa-koⁿ-du kʰi-e (wagóⁿze wakóⁿdukʰíe) - minister, missionary, "teacher who talks to God" [Omaha/Ponca]; u-ki-ye (ukiye) - talk with, talk to (Omaha]; u-ʰki-e (u-ḳí-e) - to speak or to talk to one another, to hold an interview [FL-Osage]; o-ʰki-e (oʰkíe) - get together, meeting of a group of people to converse [CQ-Osage]; o-ʰki-e (oʰkíe), o-ʰki (oʰkí) - call on the phone, converse with, interview, talk with or to [CQ-Osage]; o-ki-e (okíe) - speak to, talk to [Kaw]

Christmas

► o-wi-bnaⁿ (owibną) - Christmas gift, Maude Supernaw states the concept of Christmas would not have been known to the older generations of Quapaws [MS]

► o-wi-bnaⁿ (owibnaⁿ) - Merry Christmas [OM]

► Dhegiha: wa-koⁿ-da i-zhiⁿ-ga i-ta-te (wakoⁿda izhiⁿga itate) - Christmas, “God’s son born” [Omaha]; wa-ʰkoⁿ-ta i-zhiⁿ-ke i-ki-ta-the (waʰkǫ́ta ižį́ke íikitaðe) - Christmas, literally God’s son is born again, implies the day recurs [CQ-Osage]; wa-ʰkoⁿ-ta i-zhiⁿ-ke haⁿ-pa i-tha-liⁿ (waʰkǫ́ta ižį́ke hą́ąpa iðáalį) - Merry Christmas! literally, good with God’s son’s day [CQ-Osage]; xoⁿ-tse hu ka-xe hoⁿ-pa (xǫǫcéhu káaγe hǫ́ǫpa) - Christmas, literally, cedar tree preparation day [CQ-Osage]

church

► maⁿ-shi o-ki o-ti (mą́ši okkí ótti) - church, “house to talk above”

► mo-sho-ki (móšokki) - church, maⁿ-shi - upward, heaven + o-ki (okí) - speak, talk with one [AG]

► cf. maⁿ-shi (mąší) - upward, heaven; o-ki (okí), o-ki-e (okkie), o-ke (okké), o-kye (okye) - speak, talk with one; ti (tti) - house, tent, dwelling

► ex: maⁿ-shi o-ki (mą́ši okkí) - Christian, “talks on high”

► ex: maⁿ-shi o-ki niⁿ-kʰe (mą́ši okkí nįkʰé) - pray (he/she is praying) [MS]

► ex: mo-sho-ki (móšokki) - church [AG]

► ex: wi-e mo-sho-ki a-kde ta miⁿ-kʰe ka-sa-ni (wíe móšokki akdé tta mįkʰé kasáni) - I am going to church in the morning (tomorrow) [AG]

► ex: jhi-e mo-sho-ki da-kde (ǰíe móšokki dakdé) - did you go to church yesterday? (you to church?) [AG]

► Dhegiha: wa-koⁿ-da wa-tha-hoⁿ ti (wakoⁿda wathahoⁿ ti) - church, convent, Abby [Omaha]; wi-gi-e ʰtsi (wí-gi-e ṭsi) - church; wa-ʰkoⁿ-da ʰtsi (wa-ḳóⁿ-da ṭsi) - God’s house, a house of any kind in which people gather to worship [FL-Osage]; wi-ki-e ʰtsi (wíkieʰci) - church; wa-ʰkoⁿ-ta ʰtsi (waʰkǫ́taʰci) - church, house of God; wa-ta i-ʰtsi (waatáiʰci) - church [CQ-Osage]; ki-kaⁿ-ze tsi (kikáⁿze ci) - church, house for teaching; ki-sto tsi (kistó ci) - council house or church, lit. “a house for assembling; ta-po-ska tsi (tapóska ci) - school, church [Kaw]

cigar

► ta-ni di-be-bni (taní dibébni) - cigar, lit. "twisted tobacco"

► cf. ta-ni (taní), ta-niⁿ (tanį́) - tobacco; di-be-bniⁿ (dibébnį) - twist with the hands

► Dhegiha: naⁿ-nu be-bliⁿ (naⁿnú bébliⁿ) - cigar [Kaw]

circle

► bi-ko-wiⁿ-xe (bikkówįγe) - push, blow in a circle ► pi-ko-wiⁿ-xe (ppíkkowįγe) - I, ship-ko-wiⁿ-xe (špíkkowįγe) - you

► cf. ba-ko-wiⁿ-xe (bakkówįγe) - turn, make revolve, push around; di-ko-wiⁿ-xe (dikkówįγe) - turn, rotate, pull out of line; di-ko-wiⁿ-xe hi-de dikkówįγe híde) - spin someone off balance; di-ko-wiⁿ-xe i-he-de (dikkówįγe ihéde) - turn something long; ki-kdi-ko-wiⁿ-xe (kkikdíkkowįγe) - turn oneself around; naⁿ-ko-wiⁿ-xe (nąkkówįγe) - treadle, use to turn something

► ka-ko-wiⁿ-xe (kakkówįγe), ka-koiⁿ-xe (kakoįγe) - turn around, circle ► a-koiⁿ-xe (ákoįγe) - I, da-koiⁿ-xe (dákoįγe) - you

► Dhegiha: ga-gu-wiⁿ-xe (ga guwiⁿxe), ga-ku-wiⁿ-xe (gakuwiⁿxe) - spin, agitate, whirl [Omaha]; ga-ʰku-wiⁿ-xe (ga-ḳú-wiⁿ-xe) - the soaring of a hawk, the running of a windmill turned by wind [FL-Osage]; ga-ko-mi-ghe (gakómighé) - turn, revolve as a windmill or clock, make an object revolve in a horizontal or perpendicular plane, as a wheel, by hitting, wind to cause an object to revolve by blowing on, as a windmill [Kaw]

► bi-ko-wiⁿ-xa-xa (bikkówįγáγa) - push or blow something in circle ► pi-ko-wiⁿ-xa-xa (ppíkkowįγáγa) - I, shpi-ko-wiⁿ-xa-xa (špíkkowįγáγa) - you

► cf. ko-wiⁿ-xa-xa (kkówįγáγa) - turn round and round; ba-ko-wiⁿ-xa-xa (bakkówįγáγa) - push round and round; di-ko-wiⁿ-xa-xa (dikkówįγáγa) - to cause something to wobble; po-koiⁿ-xa-xa (pókoįγáγa) - knock spinning, punch and spin

► ta-ko-wiⁿ-xa-xa (tákkowįγáγa) - around in circles, “fire makes him/her/it go around and around” ► cf. ta (tá) - by extreme temperature; ko-wiⁿ-xa-xa (kkówįγáγa) - turn round and round

► o-di-shaⁿ (odíšą) - go around in a circle ► o-bdi-shaⁿ (obdíšą) - I, o-ti-shaⁿ (ottíšą) - you, oⁿ-ko-di-shaⁿ-we (ǫkódišą́we) - we

► cf. o-di-shaⁿ maⁿ-niⁿ (odíšą mąnį́) - stay close by

► Dhegiha: u-thi-shoⁿ (uthíshoⁿ) - around, around someone or something, moving circularly like the hands of a clock, go around, circle, to go around in a circle, to go around something [Omaha/Ponca]; u-thi-shoⁿ (uthíshoⁿ) - circle, encircle, surround, cycle, round [Omaha]; u-thi-shoⁿ (u-thí-shoⁿ) - marching around in a circle [FL-Osage]

circular

► bdo-ka (bdóka) - circular, round, whole, entire

► cf. o-ma-ni-ka bdo-ka (ománikka bdoká) - year, an entire year; ho bdo-ka (ho bdóka) - sucker, lit. "round fish"; a-tʰaⁿ-te bdo-ka (atʰą́tte bdoká) - forever

► ex: a-tʰaⁿ-te bdo-ka aⁿ-kda-xti naⁿ ni-tʰe (atʰą́tte bdóka ą́kdaxti ną́ nitʰé) - I have suffered exceedingly all the time

► Dhegiha: bthu-ga (bthúga) - round, circular, whole, entire, all [Omaha/Ponca]; bthu-ga (bthuga) - all, round, cylinder, entire, whole [Omaha]; btho-ga (bthó-ga) - round, cylindrical, entire, a whole thing, a whole, a dollar [FL-Osage]; bro-ka (bróka) - in bulk, wholesale, in large quantities, overall, undivided, by the yard, in large pieces, not merely pieces of some item but the entire item, in its entirety, fully, whole, entire, complete, dollar [CQ-Osage]; blo-ga (blóga) - the whole, the entire thing, all, dollar [Kaw]

civil war

► ma-zhaⁿ shi-ka-zhi (mažą́ šikáži) - prewar times, before civil war, lit. “when the land was good” (JOD 1880's)

► cf. ma-zhaⁿ shi-ke (mažą́ šike) - war, lit. "bad land"; ma-zhaⁿ (mažą́), ma-zhoⁿ (mažǫ́) - land; shi-ke (šíké) - bad; zhi (ži) - not, negation

clam

► ti-ke ma-ni (ttíke máni) - clam

► cf. ti-ke (ttíke) - cup, ladle made of horn, refers to clam shell spoon etymologically; maⁿ-niⁿ (mąnį́) - walk

► Dhegiha: ʰtsiu-ge (ṭsiu-ge) - a spoon, a shell spoon, before metal spoons were known to the Indians shells were used for spoons [FL-Osage]; ʰtsu-ke (ʰcúke) - spoon, abalone shell, Osage spoons were originally clamshells from creeks, used only for scraping corn, with little ones for children, larger ones for adults, this term is now used for spoons of other materials such as metal, plastic, or wood [CQ-Osage]

► ti-ke (ttíke) - cup, ladle made of horn, refers to clam shell spoon etymologically

► ti-ke (ttíke) - dipper [MS]

► ti-ke (tī gĕ) - wooden spoon, from Francis Good Eagle [MH]

► cf. ma-ze ti-ke (maze ttíke) - spoon; te-he ti-ke (ttehé ttíke) - buffalo horn spoon

clan chief, chief of gens

► wa-pi-na (wappína) - chief of a gens (clan)

► cf. wa-pi-na o-ti (wappína ótti), wa-pi-no-ti (wappínótti) - council house of a gens

clan, gens, gentes

► o-ni (oní) - clan, gens

► ni-ka-shi-ka (níkkašíka) - person, people, a man, clan

► Dhegiha: ni-a-shiⁿ-ga (nía¢iⁿga) - persons, person, human [Omaha-JOD]; ni-ka-shiⁿ-ga (níkashíⁿga), (níkʰashíⁿga) - people, person [Omaha/Ponca]; ni-ka-shiⁿ-ga (nikashiⁿga) - person, people, human, citizen [Omaha]; ni-ʰka-shi-ga (ní-ḳa-shi-ga) - a people [FL-Osage]; ni-ʰka-shi-ka (níʰkašika) - the people, a people, live, exist [CQ-Osage]; ni-ka-shiⁿ-ga (níkashiⁿga) - person, people, men, clan [Kaw]

clan, gens, gentes

► It has been difficult to obtain definite information concerning the gentes of the (Quapaw) tribe. The people have become so disintegrated that questions are usually met with a weary shake of the head as the answer comes, “All is gone; gone long ago!” A fragmentary list of gentes has been secured. Some of the following may be subgentes. There were two divisions in the tribe, but how the following groups were divided between these it has been thus impossible to learn. [Fletcher/LaFlesche-1911]

► The following names of Kwapa gentes were obtained from Alphonsus Valliere who assisted the author (J.O. Dorsey) at Washington, 1891. On visiting the Kwapa, in the northeastern corner of Indian Territory, 1894 the author (J.O. Dorsey) recorded the following, with the assistance of Mrs. Stafford, George Redeagle, and Buffalo Calf. The only persons capable of giving the needed information are among the Kwapa who reside on the Osage reservation. [JOD]

clan, Beaver gens

► zha-we ni-ka-shi-ka (jawé nikacík͓a) - the Beaver gens (clan), obtained from Alphonsus Valliere [JOD]

► cf. zha-we (žáwe) - beaver

► Dhegiha: zha-be (zhábe) - beaver [Omaha/Ponca]; zha-be (zhá-be) - beaver [FL-Osage]; zha-pe (žápe) - beaver [CQ-Osage]; zha-be (zhábe) - beaver [Kaw]

clan, Black Bear gens

► wa-sa e-ni-ka-shi-ka (wasá énikacík͓a) - the Black Bear gens (clan), obtained from Alphonsus Valliere [JOD]

► cf. wa-sa (wasá) - black bear

► Dhegiha: wa-sa-be toⁿ (wa-ça-be-toⁿ) - Black Bear (clan) [FL-Osage]; wa-sa-be ni-ka-shi-ga (wasábe níkashiⁿga) - Black Bear people (clan) [Kaw]

clan, Buffalo gens

► te e-ni-ka-shi-ka (te énikacík͓a) - the Buffalo (the ordinary buffalo) gens (clan), obtained from Alphonsus Valliere [JOD]

► te ni-ka-shi-ka (te níkacíka) - Buffalo people or haⁿ-ka zhi-ka (háñka jíka) - Small Hañka, obtained from Mrs. Stafford (Hañka gentes, Hañka side) [JOD]

► cf. te (tte) - buffalo

► Dhegiha: te (te) - buffalo [Omaha/Ponca]; ʰtse (ṭse) - bison [FL-Osage]; ʰtse (ʰcée) - buffalo [CQ-Osage]; tse (ce) - buffalo, usually the cow [Kaw]

clan, Crane gens

► pe-tʰaⁿ e-ni-ka-shi-ka (pétaⁿ énikacík͓a) - the Crane gens (clan), obtained from Alphonsus Valliere [JOD]

► cf. pe-tʰaⁿ (ppétʰą) - crane, greyish-blue; pe-tʰaⁿ zhi-ka (pé-taⁿ jí-k͓a) - masculine name of the Kwapa pe-tʰaⁿ (petaⁿ) or Crane gens; Young Crane. This name is borne by Amos New-House [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ʰpe-ʰtoⁿ ʰtoⁿ-ga zho-i-ga-the (p̣é-ṭoⁿ ṭoⁿ-ga zho-i-ga-the) - Great Crane People, the name of a gens [FL-Osage]

clan, Deer gens

► naⁿ-paⁿtaⁿ (náⁿpaⁿta) - a Deer gens (clan), obtained from Alphonsus Valliere [JOD]

► Dhegiha: naⁿ-paⁿ-ta (ną́pąta) - deer (possibly from ‘thundering hooves’), the name of a group (sub-gens) [Omaha]; noⁿ-poⁿ-da (nóⁿ-poⁿ-da) - Deer (clan), the meaning of this word is lost, but is used when speaking of the Deer people, who belong to the Water division [FL-Osage]; noⁿ-pxa-ta (nǫ́pxata) - clan subdivision of Deer clan, meaning unknown, may refer to deer’s coloring, according to Walter Maten, nóⁿ-pxah-tah is the clan to which the Pitts and Whitehorn families belong [CQ-Osage]

clan, Eagle gens

► xi-da ni-ka-shi-ka (qid^¢é nikacík͓a) - the Eagle gens (clan), obtained from Alphonsus Valliere [JOD]

► xi-da ni-ka-shi-ka (qid^¢á énikacíka) - Eagle People, obtained from Mrs. Stafford (Hañka gentes, Hañka side) [JOD]

► cf. xi-da (xidá), xiu-da (xüdá) - eagle; xi-da kde-zhe (xidá kdéže) - spotted eagle; xi-da ma-shaⁿ (xidá mašą́) - eagle quill feather(s); xi-da o-knaⁿ-ke (xidá okną́ke) - headdress made of eagle skins; xi-da pa saⁿ (xidá ppa są́) - bald eagle; xi-da ska (xidá ska) - white eagle

► Dhegiha: xu-tha (xu-thá) - Eagle People or Adult Golden Eagle (clan) [FL-Osage]; xu-ya ni-ka-shiⁿ-ga (xuyá níkashiⁿga) - (White) Eagle people (clan) [Kaw]

clan, Elk gens

► oⁿ-pʰoⁿ e-ni-ka-shi-ka (ǫ́pʰǫ énikkašíka) - elk gens or clan

► oⁿ-pʰoⁿ (oⁿpʰŭⁿ) - Elk gens (clan), obtained from Alphonsus Valliere [JOD]

► oⁿ-pʰoⁿ e-ni-ka-shi-ka (áⁿpaⁿ énikacíka) - Elk People, obtained from Mrs. Stafford (Hañka gentes, Hañka side) [JOD]

► cf. oⁿ-pʰaⁿ (ǫ́pʰą), oⁿ-pʰoⁿ (ǫ́pʰǫ), iⁿ-pʰoⁿ (įpʰǫ) - elk

► Dhegiha: oⁿ-ʰpoⁿ (ǫ́p̣oⁿ) - Elk People, the name of the Hoⁿ-ga gentes who adopted the elk as their gentile name [FL-Osage]; o-pʰaⁿ ni-ka-shiⁿ-ga (ópʰaⁿ níkashiⁿga) - Elk people (clan) [Kaw]

clan, Fish gens

► ho i-ni-ka-shi-ka (hó iníkkašíka) - fish people, gens, left moiety, Hanga gens; from ti-o-a-di-maⁿ (ttíoádimą) - one of the five original Quapaw villages mentioned in early French narratives, often spelled Toriman or Thoriman by the French

► ho i-ni-ka-shi-ka (hú iníkkašík͓a) - the Fish gens (clan), obtained from Alphonsus Valliere [JOD]

► ho i-ni-ka-shi-ka (hu ínikacíka) - Fish people, obtained from Mrs. Stafford (five gentes not on the Hañka side) [JOD]

► cf. ho (ho) - fish

► Dhegiha: ho i-ni-ʰka-shi-ga (hó i-ni-ḳa-shi-ga) - Fish people, the name of a gens [FL-Osage]

clan, Grizzly Bear gens

► maⁿ-tʰo e-ni-ka-shi-ka (maⁿtú enikacík͓a) - the Grizzly Bear gens (clan), obtained from Alphonsus Valliere [JOD]

► maⁿ-tʰo e-ni-ka-shi-ka (maⁿtú énikacíka) - Lion people, obtained from Mrs. Stafford (five gentes not on he Hañka side) [JOD]

► cf. maⁿ-tʰo (mątʰó), moⁿ-chʰo (mǫčʰó) - grizzly bear; maⁿ-tʰo haⁿ-ka (maⁿtú hañk͓a) - masculine name, Ancestral or First Grizzly Bear; maⁿ-tʰo sa (maⁿtú sá) - masculine name, Black Grizzly Bear; maⁿ-tʰo zhi-ka (maⁿ-tú jí-k͓a) masculine name, Young Grizzly Bear; maⁿ-tʰo zhi-ka (maⁿ-tú jí-k͓a) masculine name, Young Grizzly Bear; maⁿ-tʰo zhi-ka (maⁿtú jik͓a) masculine name, Little Lion (Young Grizzly Bear)

► Dhegiha: moⁿ-chʰu (moⁿchʰú) - grizzly bear [Omaha/Ponca]; moⁿ-chu (moⁿchu) - grizzly bear [Omaha]; miⁿ-ʰtsu (miⁿ-ṭsú) - grizzly bear [FL-Osage]; miⁿ-cho (miⁿchó) - grizzly bear [Kaw]

clan, Haⁿ-ka gens

► haⁿ-ka (hą́ka) - ancestral gens

► haⁿ-ka e-ni-ka-shi-ka (háñk͓a énikacík͓a) - the Háñka or Ancestral gens (clan), obtained from Alphonsus Valliere [JOD]

► Dhegiha: hoⁿ-ga (hoⁿ́ga) - leader or first, implies the idea of ancient, or first, people; those who led, moiety or tribal half representing the earth and it’s water [Omaha-Fletcher/LaFlesche]; haⁿ-ka (hañ́k͓a) - the name of the gentes on the right side of the Osage tribal circle [JOD-Osage]; haⁿ-ka (hą́ka), hoⁿ-ga (hóⁿga) - the name of the two great tribal divisions of the Osage Tribe, the division representing the earth with its water and dry land. The word signifies sacred or holy, an object that is venerated. It is also the name of a subdivision representing the dry land of the earth. The dark-plummed eagle is spoken of by this term, because of its symbolic use; a child chosen as an emblem of innocence in a peace ceremony is called Hoⁿ-ga. The origin of the word, being obscure, can not be analyzed [FL-Osage]; hoⁿ-ga (hoⁿ́-ga) - The-sacred-one, Personal name [FL-Osage]; haⁿ-ka (hą́ka) - sacred, holy, bald eagle, dark-plummed eagle, earth division of the Osage tribe, innocence emblem in peace ceremony, a child [CQ-Osage]

clan, Large Haⁿ-ka gens

► haⁿ-ka taⁿ-ka (háⁿka tañka) - Large Hañka or maⁿ-shka e-ni-ka-shi-ka (maⁿcká énikacíka) - Crawfish people, obtained from Mrs. Stafford (Hañka gentes, Hañka side) [JOD]

► Dhegiha: haⁿ-ga taⁿ-ga ni-ka-shi-ga (háⁿga táⁿga níkashiⁿga) - Black (Mottled) Eagle people (clan) [Kaw]

clan, meaning unknown gens

► ni-ki-a-ta (níkiáta) - meaning unknown, obtained from Mrs. Stafford (five gentes not on the Hañka side) [JOD]

clan, Panther-Mountain Lion gens

► taⁿ-daⁿ e-ni-ka-shi-ka (taⁿd^¢áⁿ énikacíka), taⁿ-daⁿ taⁿ-ka e-ni-ka-shi-ka (táⁿd^¢aⁿ táñk͓a énikacíka) - the Panther or Mountain Lion gens (clan), obtained from Alphonsus Valliere [JOD]

► cf. iⁿ-taⁿ-daⁿ (įttą́dą), taⁿ-daⁿ (ttądą́) - panther, puma, mountain lion, similar terms are widespread in North America, Quapaw may represent a borrowing from Biloxi or Ofo; iⁿ-ta-naⁿ taⁿ-ka (įttánąttą́ka) - panther; iⁿ-ta-naⁿ taⁿ-ka (įttáną ttą́ka) - mountain lion, panther, cougar, puma [MS]; taⁿ-daⁿ taⁿ-ka (ttą́dą ttą́ka) - mountain lion, puma; taⁿ-naⁿ taⁿ-ka (tonon-tunkah) - tiger or panther (tigre ou panthère) [GI]

► Dhegiha: iⁿ-gthoⁿ-ga (iⁿ-gthoⁿ-ga) - puma, also a name of a gens of the Hóⁿ-ga division [FL-Osage]

clan, Quapaw gens

► o-ka-xpa (okáxpa) - Quapaw gens (clan) of the same tribe, dwelt on right side of tribal circle [JOD]

► cf. o-ka-xpa (okáxpa) - Quapaw, people who went downstream; o-ka-xpa (o ̇GáxBa) - Quapaw (person or tribe) [FS]; ka-xpa (káxpa) - south wind; o-ka-xpa i-de (okáxpa idé) - south, wind or quarter; o-ka-xpa-ki-de (okáxpakkíde) - be adopted as a Quapaw; o-ka-xpa xti (okáxpaxti) - town name, "Real Quapaws", one of the 5 villages; spelled Kappa, Cappa, Cappaha, etc.

► ex: o-ka-xpa (okáxpa) - Quapaw [MS, AB]

► ex: o-ga-xpa (ogáxpa) - Quapaw [OM]

► ex: wi-e o-ka-xpa (wíe okáxpa) - I'm Quapaw [AG]

► Dhegiha: u-ga-xpa (ugaxpa) - Quapaw Tribe [Omaha]; u-ga-xpa ga-xa (u-gá-xpa ga-xa) - Quapaw Creek, Okla [FL-Osage]; o-ka-xpa (okáxpa) - Quapaw Indians [CQ-Osage]; o-ga-xpa (ogáxpa) - Quapaw tribe or people, "The down-stream people," so called because their ancestors went down the Mississippi, while the Omahas, Ponca, Osages, and Kansa, went up that stream, after leaving the mouth of the Ohio (River). The Ogáxpa or Kwapas have been called Shappas, Shapahas, Kapahas, Quappas, Quapaws, etc. They were also known in early colonial days as the Akansa or Arkansa [Kaw]

clan, Reddish Yellow Buffalo gens

► to-xe ni-ka-shi-ka (tuqé nikacík͓a) - the Reddish Yellow Buffalo gens (clan), obtained from Alphonsus Valliere [JOD]

► to-xe ni-ka-shi-ka (tuqé nikacíka) - Reddish Yellow Buffalo people, obtained from Mrs. Stafford (Hañka gentes, Hañka side) [JOD]

► cf. to-xe (toxe) - reddish yellow buffalo

► Dhegiha: nu-xe (núqe) - a kind of buffalo with reddish-yellow hair and long legs, the name of a Ponka gens (clan), one of these regulating the buffalo hunt [Omaha/Ponca]; tho-xe (thó-xe) - archaic name for buffalo bull, this is the animal that gave the people the corn abd the squash, it is the name of the Buffalo Bull gens [FL-Osage]; tho-xe (ðóxe) - buffalo, Buffalo clan [CQ-Osage]; yo-xe (yóxe) - Reddish Yellow Buffalo subgens (clan) [Kaw]

clan, Serpent-Snake gens

► we-s’a e-ni-ka-shi-ka (wĕs’ă énikacík͓a) - the Serpent gens (clan), obtained from Alphonsus Valliere [JOD]

► cf. we-s'a (wésʔa) - snake

► Dhegiha: we-s’a (wés’a) - snake, serpent [Omaha/Ponca]; we-ʰts’a (wé-ṭs’a) - reptile, snake [FL-Osage]; we-ts’a (wécʔa) - snake, serpent, viper [CQ-Osage]; we-ts’a (wéts’a) - snake [Kaw]

clan, Small Bird gens

► wa-zhiⁿ-ka e-ni-ka-shi-ka (wajiñka énikacík͓a) - the Small Bird gens (clan), obtained from Alphonsus Valliere [JOD]

► wa-zhiⁿ-ka e-ni-ka-shi-ka (wajiñka énikacíka) - Small Bird people, obtained from Mrs. Stafford (Hañka gentes, Hañka side) [JOD]

► cf. wa-zhiⁿ-ka (waží̜ka) - bird

► Dhegiha: wa-zhiⁿ-ga (wazhiⁿga) - chicken, fowl, any bird, older term [Omaha]; wa-zhiⁿ-ga (wa-zhíⁿ-ga) - any bird or fowl [FL-Osage]; wa-zhiⁿ-ka (wažį́ka) - bird [CQ-Osage]; wa-zhiⁿ-ga (wazhíⁿga) - bird, small birds [Kaw]

clan, Small Bird gens

► zhiⁿ-ka e-ni-ka shi-ka (jíñka énikacíka) - Small Bird people, obtained from Mrs. Stafford (Hañka gentes, Hañka side) [JOD]

clan, Star gens

► mi-ka-x’e ni-ka-shi-ka (mikáq’e níkacík͓a) - the Star gens (clan), obtained from Alphonsus Valliere [JOD]

► cf. mi-ka-x’e (mikkáxʔe) - star; mi-ka-x’e zhi-ka (mi-ká-q’e jí-ka) - masculine name of the Kwapa mi-ka-x’e ni-ka-shi-ka (mikáq′e nikacik͓a) or Star gens; Little Star [JOD]

► Dhegiha: miⁿ-ka-’e (miⁿká’e) - star [Omaha/Ponca]; mi-ka-'e (mika’e) - star [Omaha]; mi-ʰka-k'e (mi-ḳá-ḳ’e), mi-ʰk’a-k’e (mi-ḳ’a-k’e) - star [FL-Osage]; mi-ʰka-k’e (miʰkákʔe) - star, mushroom [CQ-Osage]; mi-ka-k’e (mikák’e) - star [Kaw]

clan, Sun gens

► mi e-ni-ka-shi-ka (mi énikacík͓a) - the Sun gens (clan), obtained from Alphonsus Valliere [JOD]

► cf. mi (mi) - sun

► Dhegiha: mi ʰk’iⁿ (mi-ḳ’íⁿ) - the Sun Carrier, the name of a gens [FL-Osage]; miⁿ k’iⁿ (miⁿ k’íⁿ) - Sun Carriers, Kaw clan [Kaw]

clan, Thunder Being gens

► wa-kaⁿ-ta e-ni-ka-shi-ka (wakántă énikacík͓a) - the Thunder Being gens (clan), obtained from Alphonsus Valliere [JOD]

► cf. wa-kaⁿ-ta (wakką́tta) - spirit, God; wa-kaⁿ-ta (wa-kań-t͓ă) - masculine name of the Kwapa wa-kaⁿ-ta (wakanta) or Thunder-being gens, Thunder-being [JOD]

► Dhegiha: wa-koⁿ-da (wakoⁿda) - God [Omaha]; wa-koⁿ-da (wakóⁿda) - power, of the sacred stones, name [Omaha]; wa-ʰkoⁿ-da (wa-ḳóⁿ-da) - God, the name applied by the Osage to the mysterious, invisible, creative power which brings into existence all living things of whatever kind [FL-Osage]; wa-ʰkoⁿ-ta (waʰkǫ́ta) - God [CQ-Osage]; wa-kaⁿ-da (wakáⁿda) - God [Kaw]; wa-kaⁿ-da (wa-káⁿ-da) - Thunder God, male name [Kaw]

clan, Ti-zho gens

► ti-zho (tíju) - meaning not obtained, now extinct, obtained from Mrs. Stafford (five gentes not on the Hañka side) [JOD]

► Dhegiha: tsi-zhu (tsi-zhu) - tribal division representing the sky [FL-Osage]; ʰtsi-zho (ʰcížo) - an important Osage tribal division, golden eagle [CQ-Osage]; tsi-zho wa-shta-ge ni-ka-shiⁿ-ga (cízho washtáge níkashiⁿga) - Cízho Peacemaker People [Kaw]

clan, Turtle gens

► ke ni-ka-shi-ka (ké níkacík͓a) - the Turtle gens (clan), obtained from Alphonsus Valliere [JOD]

► ke ni-ka-shi-ka (ke níkacíka) - Turtle people, obtained from Mrs. Stafford (five gentes not on the Hañka side) [JOD]

► cf. ke (kke) - turtle

► Dhegiha: ʰke ʰk’iⁿ (ḳé ḳ’iⁿ) - Carrier of the Turtle, the name of a gens [FL-Osage]; ke k’iⁿ (ke k’íⁿ) - Turtle Carriers, a Kanza clan name [Kaw]

clan, Upper World-Sky gens

► ma-xe ni-ka-shi-ka (maqe nikacíka) - Upper World people, identical to wa-kaⁿ-ta e-ni-ka-shi-ka (wakántă énikacíka) - the Thunder Being gens (clan), obtained from George Redeagle and Buffalo Calf [JOD]

► cf. ma-xe (máxe) - sky, cloudless, also “the upper world”

► Dhegiha: moⁿ-xe (moⁿxe) - sky [Omaha]; moⁿ-xe (móⁿ-xe) - the sky [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-xe (mą́ąɣe) - sky, weather, the upper world [CQ-Osage]; maⁿ-ghe (máⁿghe) - sky, weather, the upper world [Kaw]

clan, Wolf-Dog gens

► shoⁿ-ke ni-ka-shi-ka (cañké nikacík͓a) - the Dog or Wolf gens (clan), obtained from Alphonsus Valliere [JOD]

► shoⁿ-ke ni-ka-shi-ka (cañké nikacíka) - Dog or Wolf people, obtained from Mrs. Stafford (Hañka gentes, Hañka side) [JOD]

► cf. shoⁿ-ke (šǫ́ke) - dog

► Dhegiha: shoⁿ-ge zho-i-ga-the (shóⁿ-ge zho-i-ga-the) - Dog People, the name of a subgens of the siⁿ-dse a-gthe (çiⁿ-dse a-gthe) gens [FL-Osage]

clap

► ka-ta-zhe (kattáže), ga-ta-zhe (gattáže) - clap the hands ► a-ta-zhe (áttaže) - I, da-ta-zhe (dáttaže) - you

► cf. ba-ta-zhe (battáže) - to make a popping sound from pushing; bi-ta-zhe (bittáže) - popping sound from pressing; da-ta-zhe (dattáže) - popping sound, make with mouth; di-ta-zhe (dittáže) - snap the fingers; naⁿ-ta-zhe (nąttáže) - pop by stepping on; po-ta-zhe (póttaže) - thrust and cause popping sound

► naⁿ-pe ka-ta-zhe (nąpe kattáže) - clap the hands ► naⁿ-pe a-ta-zhe (nąpe áttaže) - I, naⁿ-pe da-ta-zhe (nąpe dáttaže) - you