insufficient,
few, some
►
zho-wa (žowá) - few, insufficient, some
►
zho-wa (júwa) - little [JOD]
► cf.
di-zho-wa (dižowá) - lessen; zho-hi (žóhi)
- much, many
► ex:
e-koⁿ niⁿ zho-wa hi a-te-zhe zh-ka da-a-de kaⁿ miⁿ-kʰe (ékǫ nį
žowá hi atéže žíka déadé ką́ mįkʰé) - so, I uriniated a
little bit, I sent a little off as I was sitting there [JOD]
► Dhegiha:
ju-ba (júba) - a few, a small quantity [Omaha/Ponca];
zhu-pa (zhupa) - few [Omaha]; dsu-ba (dsú-ba)
- few, scant, not sufficient [FL-Osage]; cho-pa
(čóopa) - little, few, a small amount or number, a little
bit [CQ-Osage]; jo-ba (jóba) - some, few, a little,
small quantity, diminutive form of dóba ‘some’ [Kaw]
insult, criticizes
►
da-zho-zhi (dažóži) - insult, criticize
►
bda-zho-zhi (bdážoži) - I, ta-zho-zhi (ttážoži)
- you
► Dhegiha:
tha-zhu-zhi (tha-zhú-zhi) - to insult by word, to
speak of one with contempt [FL-Osage]; tha-zho-zhi (ðaažóži)
- insult by word, speak ill of, slander, malign, belittle [CQ-Osage]
intelligible,
clear
►
wa-ska (wáska) - clear, intelligible
► cf.
ska (ska) - white
► ex:
da-wa-ska (dawáska) - clearly, plainly
► ex:
haⁿ-ba wa-ska-de (hąbá waskáde) - daylight
► ex:
i-shta wa-sko-knaⁿ (ištá waskókną) - glasses, eye
glasses, lit., “eyes-clear-put on” [MS]
► ex:
i-ye-wa-ska (iyéwaska) - interpreter, lit. “talk clear”
► ex:
wa-ska-ha (waskáha) - whitened, white
► Dhegiha:
wa-ska (wa-çká) - intelligible, clear to the
understanding, lucid [FL-Osage]; wa-ska (waská) -
clear, as weather, water, writing, or speaking plainly,
clearly [Kaw]
intensely,
dislike something intensely
►
ki-ho-taⁿ a-ta-ha-zhi (kíhottą áttaháži) - dislike something
intensely
►
aⁿ-ho-taⁿ a-ta-ha-zhi (ą́hottą áttaháži) - I,
di-ho-taⁿ a-ta-ha-zhi (díhottą áttaháži) - you
► cf.
ho-taⁿ (hóttą) - good; ki-ho-taⁿ (kíhottą)
- like; a-ta-ha (áttaha) - too, exceedingly, much;
zhi (ži) - not, negation
► ex:
ki-ho-taⁿ ye wa-x’o koi (kíhottą ye waxʔó kói) - she
liked it [MS]
► Dhegiha:
noⁿ-de gi-u-doⁿ (noⁿde giudoⁿ) - merry, satisfy, be of
good cheer; gi-tha-gthiⁿ (gí-tha-gthiⁿ) - happy,
pleased [FL-Osage]; ki-tha-liⁿ (kiðálį) - be glad,
feel good, also used as an equivalent of thank you, like, enjoy, be
happy about, be pleased with [CQ-Osage]; gi-ya-le (gíyale)
- be happy [Kaw]
intensifier
►
xti (-xti) - very, real, fully, intensifier suffix
► ex:
miⁿ-xti (mį́xti) - one [MS, MR, FR, AG, OM]
► ex:
o-xta-xti (óxtaxti) - honor someone, treat with respect
► ex:
o-she-xti (óšexti) - full
► ex:
a-na-hi-te-xti (anáhittéxti) - many, a great many
► ex:
wa-x’o zhi-ka-xti (waxʔóžikaxti), wa-x’o zhi-ka hi
(waxʔóžiká hi) - aged woman
► ex:
t’e-xti (tʔéxti) - dead, stone cold
► ex:
shiⁿ-xti (šįxtí) - fat, very, really
► ex:
sh’a-ke xti (šʔáke xtí) - elders, the very old people
► ex:
e-koⁿ xti (ekǫ́ xti), e-kaⁿ xti (éką xtí) -
really, just so
► ex:
e-shoⁿ-xti (ešǫ́xti) - just so [JOD]
► ex:
hoⁿ-be xti (hǫbé xti) - moccasins, “real shoes”
► ex:
we-s’a-xti (wésʔaxti) - rattlesnake, “real snake”
► ex:
mi xti (mí xti) - myself, I indeed
► ex:
o-ka-xpa xti (okáxpa xti) - town name, “Real Quapaws”
► ex:
shi-ke-xti (šíkextí) - very bad
► ex:
hoⁿ-a-bde a-tʰaⁿ-he, shi-ke-xti i-da-hoⁿ-bde (hǫ́abde átʰąhé,
šíkextí idáhǫbdé) - I’ve had a dream, I dreamed a very bad
dream [JOD]
► ex:
za-ni-xti (zaníxti) - every single one
► ex:
za-ni-xti t’e-a-wa-da-we i-da-hoⁿ-bde (zaníxti tʔeáwadawe
idáhǫbdé) - every single one, they killed us all, I dreamed
that [JOD]
► ex:
a-kda-xti (ákdaxti) - to suffer exceedingly
► ex:
a-tʰaⁿ-te bdo-ka aⁿ-kda-xti naⁿ ni-tʰe (atʰą́tte bdóka ą́kdaxti
ną́ nitʰé) - I have suffered exceedingly all the time
► ex:
a-kʰi-kniⁿ-xti (akʰíknį-xti) - in a great crowd, crowding
together upon one another, sitting upon one another [JOD]
► ex:
a-kʰi-kniⁿ-xti ti tʰe-ta hi-we i-ya (akʰíknį-xti tti tʰetta híwe
iyá) - they went to the lodge, crowding together, sitting
upon one another, they say' (JOD)]
► ex:
e-naⁿ-xti (énąxti) - nothing but that, only that
► ex:
wa-sa ke ni-ka-shi-ka naⁿ-xti wa-da-tʰe-we i-ya (wasá ke
níkkašíka-nąxtí wádatʰéwe iyá) - the black bears only ate
people, it is said (they say) [JOD]
► ex:
di-shi-ka-we taⁿ-ha wa-xti-shka naⁿ-xti ta-tʰe ta-i-tʰe (díšikáwe
tą́ha waxtíška-nąxtí ttatʰé taitʰé) - because you’all have
been bad, you’all shall eat nothing but insects and reptiles in
future [JOD]
► Dhegiha:
xchi (qchi) - very, really, real [Omaha/Ponca];
xti (xti) - very, really, real [Omaha]; xtsi (xtsi)
- verily, very [FL-Osage]; xtsi (xci) - real, really,
exactly, very, fully, indeed, precisely [CQ-Osage]; xtsi (xcí)
- real, very [Kaw]
► hi
(hi) - very, intensifier; only or just when used with
numbers
► cf.
hi-zhi (híži) - not very, negation of hi (hi);
e-naⁿ hi (enąhí) - only that, him, her, it; naⁿ
hi (nąhí) - alone, all alone; kde-bdaⁿ hi (kdébdą hí),
kde-bdaⁿ hi zhi-ka (kdébdąhížiká), kde-bdaⁿ hi
zhi-ka miⁿ-xti (kdébdąhížiká mį́xti) - hundred
► ex:
a-pe hi (appéhi) - very silent
► ex:
a-shka hi (ašká hi) - very close/near [JOD]
► ex:
bdo-ka hi (bdóka hi) - entire [JOD]
► ex:
e-koⁿ hi (ekǫ́ hi) - very much like that [JOD]
► ex:
ha-ha hi (háha hi) - light (not heavy), “very light” [MS]
► ex:
ho-taⁿ hi (hóttą hi) - good, “very good” [MS]
► ex:
ho-taⁿ hi (hóttą hi) - really good, very good [JOD]
► ex:
iⁿ-chʰoⁿ hi (į́čʰǫ hi) - right now
► ex:
ka-te hi (kkátte hí) - hot, “very hot” [OM]
► ex:
ta-ka-te hi (tákkatte hí) - hot, “very hot” [MS]
► ex:
ko-zhi hi (kkóži hi) - way off, far away, “very far away”
[MS]
► ex:
maⁿ-shi hi (mą́ši hí) - high, high up, incommunicative,
“very high”
► ex:
pa hi (ppahí) - bitter, “very bitter”
► ex:
sh’a-ke hi (šʔáke hí) - very old, aged, old man, elder
► ex:
shpoⁿ hi (špǫ hi) - wet, “very wet” [MS]
► ex:
shte-ka hi (štéka hi) - short, “very short” [MS]
► ex:
ski-ke hi (skíke hí) - heavy, “very heavy” [MS]
► ex:
sni hi (sní hi) - cold “very cold” [MS, OM]
► ex:
sni-wa-te hi (sníwatte hi) - cold, “very cold” [MS]
► ex:
so-te hi (sótte hí) -very fast/rapidly [JOD]
► ex:
maⁿ-niⁿ so-te hi (mąnį́ sotté hi) - walk fast “walk very
fast” [MS]
► ex:
taⁿ-niⁿ so-te hi (ttą́nį sotté hi) - run fast “run very
fast” [MS]
► ex:
ti-aⁿ-hi (ttią́hi) - a long time, a very long time, long
ago [JOD]
► ex:
ti-aⁿ-zhi hi (ttią́ži hí) - not a long time, “very soon”
[JOD]
► ex:
wa-k’o zhi-ka hi (waxʔóžiká hi) - woman, aged, “very old
woman”
► ex:
wa-shkaⁿ hi (wašką́hi), wa-shkoⁿ hi (waškǫ́hi)
- very hard, with great effort
► ex:
wa-sha-ke hi (wášaké hi) - big, “very large” [AG]
► ex:
ni wa-sh’a-ke hi (ní wašʔáke hí) - bay, large body of
water
► ex:
pe-te wa-sh’a-ke hi (ppétte wašʔáke hi) - big fire, “very
large fire” [MS]
► ex:
si-po-za wa-sh'a-ke hi (sippóza wašʔáke hi) - big toe,
“very large toe” [MS]
► ex:
ta wa-sh’a-ke hi (tta wašʔáke hi) - buck deer, “very
large deer” [MS]
► ex:
wa-tʰi-shka wa-sh’a-ke hi (watʰíška wašʔáke hi) - big
river, “very large creek” [MS]
► ex:
xwiⁿ hi (xwį hí) - smell really bad/offensive [JOD]
► ex:
za-ni hi (zaníhi) - every single one, everyone, all
► ex:
zho-hi hi (žóhi hi) - a lot, “very many” [MS]
► ex:
zho-hi hi (žóhi hi) - a lot, many, a great many [JOD]
► ex:
de i-ye miⁿ-kʰe hi koⁿ-da (dé íye mį́kʰe hi kǫ́da) - this
(one) wants to tell/speak only the truth [JOD]
► ex:
ko-zhi da-zhi hi (kkóži dáži hi) - it didn’t go very far
► ex:
koⁿ-bda-zhi hi (kǫbdáži hí) - I really didn't want to
[JOD]
► Dhegiha:
hiu (hiu) - several, many, more than one or two
[FL-Osage]; hu (húu) - many, lot’s of, large amount of
[CQ-Osage]; hu (hu) -
many, much, a lot, a great many [Kaw]
►
a-ta-ha (áttaha) - too, exceedingly, much, very
► ex:
aⁿ-si-si a-ta-ha (ąsísi attahá) - me very active [JOD]
► ex:
xwiⁿ a-ta-ha (xwį́ attahá) - extremely offensive odor
[JOD]
► ex:
iⁿ-chʰoⁿ taⁿ aⁿ-si-si-zhi, haⁿ-t’e shtaⁿ a-ta-ha taⁿ (įčʰǫ́ tą
ąsísiží, hątʔé štą attahá tą) - now I’m not active and I’m
very sickly [JOD]
► ex:
naⁿ-pe-hi a-ta-ha-wi (nąppéhi attaháwi) - they were very
hungry [JOD]
► ex:
a-te-zhe ti-aⁿ a-ta-ha (atéje tiáⁿ ataha) - I felt an
extreme urge to urinate [JOD]
► ex:
ni-ka sh’a-ke tʰaⁿ ta t’e-de a-ta-ha (níkka šʔaké tʰą tta tʔéde
attahá) - the old man killed many deer [JOD]
► ex:
e-ti-taⁿ ti-aⁿ-zhi hi ha-t’e zho-ka-te a-ta-ha (ettítą ttią́ži hí
hátʔe žókkatte áttaha) - then shortly after that he became
sick with a severe fever [JOD]
►
ex: ni-ka-shi-ka bnaⁿ a-ta-ha (níkkašíka bną́ attahá)
- sure enough smells like a human being [JOD]
► ex:
i-ye a-ta-ha naⁿ (iyĕ átahá naⁿ) - he talks too much
[JOD]
► ex:
ki-ho-taⁿ a-ta-ha-zhi (kíhottą áttaháži) - dislike
something intensely
► Dhegiha:
a-ta (á-ta) - beyond, more than, extreme, excessive
[JOD-Omaha]; a-ta shoⁿ (ata shoⁿ) - severe, too much,
exceed, excess [Omaha]; a-ʰta (á-ṭa) - beyond
[FL-Osage]
►
e-de (edé), de (dé) - really, indeed
► ex:
ma-shtiⁿ-ke tʰi e-de ma-shtiⁿ-ke tʰi e-de i-ke-ya-we niⁿ i-ya
(maštį́ke tʰi edé maštį́ke tʰi edé íkeyáwe nį́ iyá) - “the
rabbit has come!, the rabbit has come!” they (black bears) said to
one another, it is said (they say) [JOD]
►
ex: iⁿ-kaⁿ-e t’e-a-de e-de (įkká-e tʔeáde edé) - O
grandmother, I have really killed him [JOD]
► ex:
wi-te-ke t’e-di-de ta e-de i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke niⁿ (wítteke
tʔédidé tta edé iyí iyá maštį́ke nį) - my uncle, you have
surely been killed, said the rabbit, they say [JOD]
► ex:
e-ti te na-ha i-di-si-si-ke hi ta-i e-de (étti tté nahá idísisike
hi ttai edé) - do not go there, they will sure enough abuse
you [JOD]
► ex:
de shoⁿ-hi toⁿ niⁿ-kʰe e-de, i-ke (dé šǫ́hi ttǫ́ ettí nįkʰé edé,
iké) - sure enough, there is a village in this direction, he
said to her [JOD]
► ex:
hoⁿ-ba de aⁿ-naⁿ-bnaⁿ miⁿ-kʰe e-de (hǫ́ba de ąną́bną mįkʰe edé)
- today, I am really tired of it [JOD]
► ex:
o-do-tʰe aⁿ-di-xe niⁿ e-de, wi-ti-kaⁿ, i-ke (ódotʰe ądíxe nį edé,
wittiką́, iké) - my grandfather, the man eater is sure
enough chasing me, she said to him [JOD]
► ex:
o! ka-tʰaⁿ wa-zhiⁿ de-da-zhi hi e-de, i-ye a-ta-ha (o! kátʰą
wažį́ dédaži hi edé, íye attahá) - pshaw! I have sure enough
lost my patience with him, he talks too much [JOD]
► ex:
she o-do-ha-ke de (šé odóhake dé) - that’s sure enough
the last one [JOD]
► ex:
miⁿ-da-kʰe de, e-te a-zhaⁿ (mį́dakʰe dé, etté ažą́) - I
think you are surely telling the truth [JOD]
► Dhegiha:
the (the) - an oral stop used by females [FL-Osage];
the (ðe) - indeed; sentence-final declarative marker,
“oral period”; probably once limited to female speech but now
optionally used by males as well [CQ-Osage]; e-ye (eyé)
- female emphatic particle, indeed [Kaw]
►
naⁿ-e-he (nąéhe) - exceedingly, very very
intercept, head
off
►
a-na-se (ánase) - intercept, head off
►
a-a-na-se (áanáse) - I, a-da-na-se (ádanáse) -
you
► cf.
a-na-se-ta (ánasétta) - isthmus; wa-na-se (wánase)
- attack
► Dhegiha:
a-na-se (ánasĕ) - to fasten a door or gate, to check,
hinder, impede, cut off the retreat of, to prevent [JOD-Omaha];
wa-na-se (wanáse) - surrounding of a herd, to surround
them, as a herd of buffalo or elk [Omaha/Ponca]; a-noⁿ-se
(ánoⁿçe) - closed, shut, enclose, block, shutter [Omaha];
a-noⁿ-se (á-noⁿ-çe) - to intercept, to cut off a retreat,
to surround [FL-Osage]; a-na-sa (ánasa),
a-naⁿ-sa (ánaⁿsa) - to head off, cut off the retreat or
anything; to surround [Kaw]
interchanged,
back and forth
►
i-ki-di-toⁿ-toⁿ (íkkidíttǫttǫ) - back and forth,
interchanged
► cf.
i-ki-di-taⁿ (ikkídittą) - first on one side then on the
other [JOD]
► Dhegiha:
thi i-ki-thi toⁿ-ga (thi ikithi toⁿga) - reverse,
convert [Omaha]; i-ʰki-thi-ʰtoⁿ-ga (i-ḳi-thi-ṭoⁿ-ga) -
to interchange, permutation [FL-Osage]
intercourse
►
chʰi (čʰi), tshi (tší) - coire, coiit,
copulate, sex, intercourse
►
a-chʰi (ačʰí) - I, da-chʰi (dačʰí) - you,
aⁿ-chʰi-we (ąčʰíwe) - we
► ex:
wi-chʰi (wíchʰi) - I with you
► ex:
aⁿ-da-chʰi (ądáchʰi) - you with me
► ex:
di-chʰi (dičʰí) - you being
► Dhegiha:
chʰi (chʰi) - copulate, sex, intercourse
[Omaha/Ponca]; tsʰu (cʰú), tsʰu-e (cʰúe)
- copulate with, have intercourse with, screw [CQ-Osage];
wa-tsʰu (wacʰú), wa-tsʰu-e (wacʰúe) -
copulate, have intercourse, have sex [CQ-Osage]; chu (chu)
- copulate, have intercourse with a female [Kaw]
interior of
animal, insides
►
o-kdo-x’a (okdóxʔa) - insides, interior of animal
► cf.
kdo-x’a (kdoxʔa), xdo-x’a (xdoxʔa) - empty;
di-kdo-x’a (dikdóxʔa), di-kto-x’a (diktóxʔa)
- empty by pulling contents out; maⁿ-kdo-x’a (mąkdóxa),
maⁿ-xdo-x’a (mąxdoxʔa) - cave, lit. “hollow earth”;
zhaⁿ xdo-x’a (žą xdóxʔa) - hollow tree
► Dhegiha:
o-xtho-ʰk’a (o-xthó-ḳ’a), u-xtho-ʰk’a
(u-xthó-ḳ’a), u-xthu-ʰk’a (u-xthú-ḳ’a) -
hollow, a hollow place, an oven, a hollow tree or log [FL-Osage]
► Dhegiha:
xthu-’a (xthu’a) - hollow, baggy; intestines, guts,
innards, everthing inside the abdominal cavity, including
intestines, etc.; “hollow places” above the hips [Omaha/Ponca];
xthu-’a (xthu’a) - hollow, empty [Omaha]; xthu-ʰk’a
(xthu-ḳ’a), xthu-’a (xthú-’a) - hollow, any
kind of hollow in a tree or log [FL-Osage]; xtho-ʰk’a
(xthó-ḳ’a) - empty, emptiness [FL-Osage]; xlo-k’a
(xlók’a) - hollow, empty [Kaw]
interjection
►
a-che-zha (aččéža) - goodness!
►
a-che-zha (aččéža), e-che-zha (eččéža) -
goodness! [AG, OM]
► ex:
e-che-zha de-kʰe (eččéža dékʰe) - my goodness, this one!
[AG]
► ex:
e-che-zha, i-za-ni i-shpa-hoⁿ ni-kʰa-she (eččéža, ízaní íšpahǫ
níkʰáše) - goodness, you all that understand [AG]
► Dhegiha:
e-she-she (ecéce) - you say it often [Omaha];
e-she (éeše) - golly, slang [CQ-Osage]; e-she-she
(ešéše) - you keep saying [CQ-Osage]
► e
(e) - fie!; express disgust, disapproval, or outrage [JOD]
► ko
(kó) - why!, interjection [JOD]
►
haⁿ haⁿ haⁿ (hą́hąhą́) - oh! oh! oh!, cry of pain
►
ho-hoo (hohoó) - interjection of wonder, surprise
►
ho-ho-xo (hohoxó) - interjection of wonder, male
►
ho’a (hoʔá) - interjection of surprise
►
hoⁿ (hǫǫ) - interjection of surprise, female
► o
(o) - pshaw! [JOD]
► ex:
o! ka-tʰaⁿ wa-zhiⁿ de-da-zhi hi e-de, i-ye a-ta-ha (o! kátʰą
wažį́ dédaži hi edé, íye attahá) - pshaw! I have sure enough
lost my patience with him, he talks too much [JOD]
interlaced,
crisscrossed
►
a-ki-di-te-te (ákkidittétte) - crisscrossed; interlaced, as
boughs, vines, etc.
► cf.
a-ki-di-te (ákkiditte) - crossing each other;
o-zhoⁿ-ke a-ki-di-te (ožǫ́ke ákkiditte) - cross roads;
di-te (ditté) - cross a stream; ni di-te-de (ní
dittéde) - ford a stream
► ex:
a-ki-di-te-te i-tʰe-de (ákkidittette itʰéde) - to place a
number of objects so that they cross one another
► Dhegiha:
a-kʰi-thi-te u-ga-doⁿ (ákʰithíte ugádoⁿ) - to nail on
crosswise, to crucify [Omaha/Ponca]; a-ʰki-thi-tse
(á-ḳi-thi-tse) - that which lies across the breast
[FL-Osage]
interpreter
►
i-ye-wa-ska (iyéwaska) - interpreter, lit. “talk clear”
► cf.
i-ye (íye) - talk, speak; i-ye (iyé),
i-e (ié) - say; i-ye (íye) - word;
wa-ska (wáska) - clear, intelligible
► Dhegiha:
i-e-ska (iéskă) - interpreter, speak well, interpret,
to speak a language plainly, to act as an interpreter [Omaha/Ponca];
i-e-ska (iéçka) - interpreter [Omaha];
i-e-wa-ska (í-e-wa-çka) - an interpreter, translator
[FL-Osage]; i-e wa-ska (íe waská) - clear words,
interpreter [CQ-Osage]; i-e-ska (íeska),
i-e-wa-ska (íewaská) - speak clearly, clear words, clear
language [CQ-Osage]; i-e wa-ska (íe waská) - talk
clearly, intelligibly, plainly, to interpret, interpreter [Kaw]
interval, space,
crack
►
o-ta-na (ottána) - space, crack, interval
► cf.
o-ka-ta-na (okáttana) - crack something by handling it;
o-naⁿ-ta-na (oną́ttana) - crack something by walking
on it
► Dhegiha:
u-taⁿ-na (utaⁿna), u-taⁿ-noⁿ (utaⁿnoⁿ) -
between [Omaha]; u-tʰoⁿ-na (utʰóⁿna) - between
[Omaha/Ponca]; u-ʰta-noⁿ (u-ṭa-noⁿ) - between
[FL-Osage]; o-ʰtaⁿ-naⁿ (oʰtą́ną) - between, in
between, the space between things [CQ-Osage]; o-ta-naⁿ
(otánaⁿ) - space between two things, e.g. between furrows
[Kaw]
intervals
►
a-ta-pa-xti (áttapaxtí) - off and on, at regular intervals
[JOD]
► ex:
aⁿ-zhiⁿ-ka-ti ni koi-kʰe e-koⁿ i-da-hi-bda a-ta-pa-xti (ąžįkátti
ní kóikʰe ekǫ́ idáhibdá áttapaxtí) - when I was small, I
bathed in the water at regular intervals [JOD]
►
i-shta xi-xi-te (ištá xixítte) - peeping out of the corner
of the eyes at intervals [JOD]
► ex:
i-shta xi-xi-te pa-xa-taⁿ a-toⁿ-we de-a-de miⁿ-kʰe (ištá xixítte
ppaγ[e]á-ttą atǫ́we deáde mįkʰé) - I was peeping out of the
corner of my eyes looking at him [JOD]
► ex:
i-shta xi-xi-te ka-xa-taⁿ toⁿ-we d-de kaⁿ-kʰe i-ya-we (ištá
xixítte kaγ[e]á-ttą tǫ́we dedé ką-kʰé iyáwe) - peeping out
of the corner of the eyes in intervals-she did it-when-she looked at
him-she sent it off-so she lay awhile-they say [JOD]
►
i-da-de (idáda) - showing at intervals [JOD]
► ex:
o-xda-ti siⁿ-te saⁿ-haⁿ i-da-de i-de (oxdátti sį́tte są́hą idáda
idé) - he (rabbit) departed, his whitish tail being
seen/showing off and on in the brush [JOD]
intestines
►
shi-we (šíwe), shiu-we (šǘwe), shu-we
(šúwe) - guts, entrails
► cf.
ma-ni-ka shi-we (monikka-chiweh) - worm, “bowels of the
soil” (ver un) [GI]
► Dhegiha:
shi-be (shíbe) - entrails, intestines, guts, innards
[Omaha/Ponca]; shi-be (shíbe) - bowels, intestines
[Omaha]; shi-be (shí-be), shiu-be (shiú-be),
shu-be (shú-be) - entrails, the viscera, intestines
[FL-Osage]; shu-pe (šúpe) - intestines, appendix,
colon, entrails, insides, stomach area, stomach [CQ-Osage];
shu-we (shúwe), shu-be (shúbe) - guts,
intestines, entrails [Kaw]
into or beneath,
put
►
o-ki-knaⁿ (okíkną) - put sg/si/in into or beneath, as
putting in the belt, etc.
► cf.
o-ki-knaⁿ (okkíkną) - undertake something; knaⁿ
(kną) - set, put; o-knaⁿ (okną́), o-kdaⁿ
(ókdą) - put sg/si or cloth, paper into, put inside;
ki-knaⁿ (kikną́) - set one’s own, put; a-knaⁿ (ákną),
a-kdaⁿ (ákdą) - put a singular, sitting, inanimate
(curvilinear--JOD) or cloth, paper, plaster, etc. object upon a
surface; a-ki-knaⁿ (ákikną) - set one’s own sitting,
inanimate or cloth object on a surface; mi-knaⁿ (míkną)
- put inside, tuck in, stick in; pi-knaⁿ (ppi kną́) -
put away
► Dhegiha:
u-gi-gthaⁿ (u-gí-g¢aⁿ) - to put a cv. ob. belonging to
himself, into a barrel or cv. box; to put his book, paper, etc.,
into his pocket [JOD-Omaha]; u-gi-gthoⁿ (u-gí-gthoⁿ) -
to put something of your own in a pile [FL-Osage]; o-gi-laⁿ
(ogílaⁿ) - put something in a container; put a sitting
object into something [Kaw]
into pieces, in
pieces
►
ba-to-we (battówe) - break into pieces, cut up
►
pa-to-we (ppáttowe) - I, shpa-to-we (špáttowe)
- you
► cf.
ba (ba) - by pushing; bi-to-we (bittówe) -
break, crumble into pieces; da-to-we (dattówe) - chew
to pieces; di-to-we (dittówe) - plow, pulverize the
soil; ka-to-we (kattówe) - shatter, break in pieces;
naⁿ-to-we (nąttówe) - step on or kick and break
something; pa-to-we (páttowe) - cut into large pieces;
po-to-we (póttowe) - punch or shoot to pieces;
to-wa-de (ttowáde) - crumble of it’s own accord
► Dhegiha:
a-ba-tu-be (ábatube) - crush, to crush on something by
punching, pounding, or ramming [Omaha/Ponca]; ba-to-be
(batóbe) - grind, pound fine [Kaw]
►
bi-to-we (bittówe) - break, crumble into pieces
►
pi-to-we (ppíttowe) - I, shpi-to-we (špíttowe)
- you
► cf.
bi (bi) - by pressing, rubbing; ba-to-we (battówe)
- break into pieces, cut up; da-to-we (dattówe) - chew
to pieces; di-to-we (dittówe) - plow, pulverize the
soil; ka-to-we (kattówe) - shatter, break in pieces;
naⁿ-to-we (nąttówe) - step on or kick and break
something; pa-to-we (páttowe) - cut into large pieces;
po-to-we (póttowe) - punch or shoot to pieces;
to-wa-de (ttowáde) - crumble of it’s own accord
► Dhegiha:
bi-tu-be (bitúbe) - crumble, to make something crumble
by weight or pressure, as an old log or stump [Omaha/Ponca]
►
ka-to-we (kattówe) - shatter, break in pieces
►
a-to-we (áttowe) - I, da-to-we (dáttowe) - you
► cf.
ka (ka) - by striking, by action of the wind or water;
ka-to-we de-de (kattówe déde) - throw at and shatter;
ba-to-we (battówe) - break into pieces, cut up;
bi-to-we (bittówe) - break, crumble into pieces;
da-to-we (dattówe) - chew to pieces; di-to-we
(dittówe) - plow, pulverize the soil; naⁿ-to-we
(nąttówe) - step on or kick and break something;
pa-to-we (páttowe) - cut into large pieces; po-to-we
(póttowe) - punch or shoot to pieces; to-wa-de
(ttowáde) - crumble of it’s own accord
► Dhegiha:
ga-tu-be (gátube) - crush [Omaha]; ga-ʰto-be
(ga-ṭo-be) - to shatter, to pulverize [FL-Osage]
►
pa-to-we (páttowe) - cut into large pieces
►
pa-a-to-we (páattowe) - I, pa-da-to-we (pádattówe)
- you
► cf.
pa (pá) - by cutting with a knife; ba-to-we
(battówe) - break into pieces, cut up; bi-to-we
(bittówe) - break, crumble into pieces; da-to-we
(dattówe) - chew to pieces; di-to-we (dittówe)
- plow, pulverize the soil; ka-to-we (kattówe) -
shatter, break in pieces; naⁿ-to-we (nąttówe) - step
on or kick and break something; po-to-we (póttowe) -
punch or shoot to pieces; to-wa-de (ttowáde) - crumble
of it’s own accord
► Dhegiha:
ba-ʰto-be (bá-ṭo-be) - to slice, to cut up [FL-Osage];
wa-ba-ʰto-be (wá-ba-ṭo-be) - to cut skin into pieces
for making moccasins [FL-Osage]
►
di-shpa-shpa (dišpášpa) - tear into pieces
►
bdi-shpa-shpa (bdíšpašpa) - I, ti-shpa-shpa
(ttíšpašpa) - you
► cf.
di-shpe (dišpé) - pull off something adhering;
i-di-shpe (ídišpe) - break off, break out; ka-shpe
(kašpé) - cut off, knock off a piece; i-ka-shpe
(íkašpe) - break from weight; o-shpe (ošpé) -
fragment; zhoⁿ o-toⁿ o-shpe (žǫ́ ottǫ́ ošpé) - trees
in a curvilinear clump; pa-shpe (pašpé) - cut out a
piece with a knife, to cut it out with a knife (that portion) [JOD]
► ex:
zho-i-ka bdo-ka di-shpa-shpa taⁿ aⁿ-da-we i-ya (žoíka bdóka
dišpášpa attą ądáwe iyá) - tearing his entire body to pieces
and scattering the pieces all around, it is said (they say) [JOD]
► ex:
e-ti hi naⁿ di-shpa-shpa ke (étti hi ną dišpášpa ke) - when
she arrived there, the torn pieces were scattered about [JOD]
► Dhegiha:
thi-shpa-shpa-i (thishpáshpai) - pieces pulled apart,
scattered in english translation [JOD-Omaha]; thi-shpa-shpa
(thi-shpá-shpa) - torn to pieces, to tear to pieces
[FL-Osage]; u-thi-shpa-shpa (uthíshpashpá) - to break
or crumble into pieces with the hands, as crackers into soup
[Omaha/Ponca]; shpa-shpa (shpashpa) - fragment
[Omaha]; u-shpa-shpa (ushpáshpa) - piece, remnant
[Omaha/Ponca]; ga-shpa-shpa (ga-shpá-shpa) - hack to
pieces, to injure badly [FL-Osage]; ga-shpa-shpa (gashpáshpa)
- chip off many pieces [Kaw]
►
pa-shpa-shpa (pášpašpa) - dice, cut into small pieces
►
pa-a-shpa-shpa (páašpášpa) - I, pa-da-shpa-shpa
(pádašpášpa) - you
► cf.
pa-shpe (pašpé) - cut out a piece with a knife, to cut it
out with a knife (that portion) [JOD]; di-shpe (dišpé)
- pull off something adhering; i-di-shpe (ídišpe) -
break off, break out; ka-shpe (kašpé) - cut off, knock
off a piece; i-ka-shpe (íkašpe) - break from weight;
o-shpe (ošpé) - fragment; zhoⁿ o-toⁿ o-shpe (žǫ́
ottǫ́ ošpé) - trees in a curvilinear clump
► Dhegiha:
ba-shpa-shpa (bá-shpa-shpa) - to cut to pieces, to cut
an apple or a potatoe into many pieces with a knife [FL-Osage];
ma-shpa-shpa (máshpashpa) - to cut off many large pieces
with a knife or saw [Omaha/Ponca]; shpa-shpa (shpashpa)
- fragment [Omaha]; u-shpa-shpa (ushpáshpa) - piece,
remnant [Omaha/Ponca]; tha-shpa-shpa (thashpáshpa) -
to bite off piece after piece from the outside of an object
[Omaha/Ponca]; ga-shpa-shpa (ga-shpá-shpa) - hack to
pieces, to injure badly [FL-Osage]; ga-shpa-shpa (gashpáshpa)
- chip off many pieces [Kaw]
►
pa-shoⁿ-shoⁿ (pášǫšǫ) - cut into small pieces with knife
►
pa-a-shoⁿ-shoⁿ (páašǫšǫ) - I, pa-da-shoⁿ-shoⁿ
(pádašǫšǫ) - you
► cf.
pa (pá) - by cutting with a knife; shoⁿ-shoⁿ
(šǫ́šǫ) - round, spherical
into slivers,
shreds
►
da-ste-ste (dásteste) - chew into slivers
►
bda-sta-ste (bdásteste) - I, ta-ste-ste (ttásteste)
- you
► cf.
da (da) - by mouth; da-ste (dasté) - split
with teeth; ba-ste-ste (bastéste) - cut to shreds,
stab repeatedly; bi-ste-ste (bistéste) - split
repeatedly, shred; di-ste-ste (distéste) - pull into
shreds, slivers; ka-ste-ste (kastéste) - cut or beat
to shreds/slivers; ka-ste-ste-ye (kastésteye) - to
have cut to shreds; naⁿ-ste-ste (nąstéste) - kick or
tread to pieces; pa-ste-ste (pásteste) - cut to
slivers, split often; po-ste-ste (pósteste) -
shoot or punch to slivers
►
di-ste-ste (distéste) - pull into shreds, slivers
►
bdi-ste-ste (bdísteste) - I, ti-ste-ste (ttísteste)
- you
► cf.
di-ste (disté) - split, pull off string; ba-ste-ste
(bastéste) - cut to shreds, stab repeatedly;
bi-ste-ste (bistéste) - split repeatedly, shred;
da-ste-ste (dásteste) - chew into slivers; ka-ste-ste
(kastéste) - cut or beat to shreds/slivers;
ka-ste-ste-ye (kastésteye) - to have cut to shreds;
naⁿ-ste-ste (nąstéste) - kick or tread to pieces;
pa-ste-ste (pásteste) - cut to slivers, split often;
po-ste-ste (pósteste) - shoot or punch to slivers
► Dhegiha:
thi-stse-stse-ge (thi-stsé-stse-ge) - to tear into
shreds [FL-Osage]; yu-stse-stse-ge (yuscéscege) - cut
into strips, pull to shreds [Kaw]
►
ka-zi-zi-di (kazízidí) - snip into shreds (with scissors)
►
a-zi-zi-di (ázizidi) - I, da-zi-zi-di (dázizidi)
- you
► cf.
ka-zi-zi-te (kazízitte) - fringe; ka-zi-pa
(kazíppa) - chop, cut at the edge
into something
►
di-xdi-we (dixdíwe) - dip hand into something
►
bdi-xdi-we (bdíxdiwe) - I, ti-xdi-we (ttíxdiwe)
- you
► cf.
i-di-xdi-we (ídixdíwe) - mix, mess with, make gooey;
di-xdi-xdi-we (dixdíxdiwe) - sticky, make from handling
►
ma-ze snaⁿ-ka o-ka-taⁿ (máze sną́kka okáttą) - drive a nail
into something
►
ma-ze snaⁿ-ka o-a-ka-taⁿ (máze sną́kka oákattą)
- I,
ma-ze snaⁿ-ka o-da-ka-taⁿ (máze sną́kka odákattą) -
you
► cf.
ma-ze snaⁿ-ka (máze sną́kka) - nail; o-ka-taⁿ (okáttą)
- drive in, as nails in a board
► Dhegiha:
o-ga-doⁿ (ogadoⁿ) - pound [Omaha]; u-ga-doⁿ (u-gá-doⁿ)
- to nail down a board or nail up a box, peg down [FL-Osage];
o-ga-daⁿ (ogádaⁿ) - drive a nail into something [Kaw]
►
o-di-zhiⁿ-te (odížįtté) - stick something into
something
►
o-bdi-zhiⁿ-te (obdížįtte) - I, o-ti-zhiⁿ-te (ottížįtte)
- you
►
cf. naⁿ-pe o-di-zhiⁿ (nąpé ódižį́) - gloves
►
ex: aⁿ-di-zhiⁿ-te (ądižįtté) - he thrust his
hand/finger into my [JOD]
►
ex: o-di-zhiⁿ-te (odížįtte) - he thrust his hand/or
fingers into [JOD]
►
Dhegiha: thi-zhiⁿ-de (thizhíⁿde) - to thrust the hand
down into a hole, to pull out a raccoon, etc.; to reach down the arm
or hand into a kettle, bucket, or bag [Omaha/Ponca]; thi-zhiⁿ-dse
(thi-zhíⁿ-dse) - to thrust a finger or arm into a hole
[FL-Osage]; yu-zhiⁿ-je (yuzhíⁿje)
- reach into something; to thrust the hand or arm into a hole to
draw out a raccoon, etc.; to reach down with the hand into a bag,
kettle, pot, etc. [Kaw]
►
o-zhi (oží) - put cl into something, plant, fill
►
o-a-zhi (oáži) - I, o-da-zhi (odáži) - you,
oⁿko-zhi-we (ǫkóžiwe) - we
► cf.
o-zhi (oží) - filled [JOD]; o-zhi (óži) -
bowl, dish; o-ki-zhi (ókiži) - fill one’s own;
o-ki-zhi (ókiži) - fill something for someone;
o-pi-zhi (óppiži) - drawer; pi-ki-zhi (ppíkiži)
- to put away one’s own; zhaⁿ-pi-zhi (žąppiži) -
trunk, box, wooden box; xoⁿ-te zhaⁿ-pi-zhi (xǫtté žąppiži)
- cedar chest [MS]
► ex:
maⁿ o-zhi (mą́oží) - quiver for arrows
► ex:
zi-hi o-zhi (zíhi óži) - jug
► ex:
ma-ze o-zhi (máze óži) - tin plate
► ex:
zhoⁿ o-zhi (žǫ́ oží) - dipper or cup of wood
► ex:
o-zhi ska wa-noⁿ-bde (óži ska wanǫ́bde) - bowl [MS]
► ex:
ni shi-ke o-zhi (ni šíke oží) - whiskey bottle [MS]
► ex:
ma-ze ni o-zhi (mazé ni oží) - milk bottle [MS]
► ex:
o-zhi-ha (óžiha) - sack, bag, pocket
► ex:
wa-zhiⁿ-ka o-zhi-ha (wažį́ka ožíha) - bird’s nest
► ex:
te-zhe-ni o-zhi-ha (téženi óžiha) - bladder
► ex:
shi-o-zhi-ha (šíožíha) - uterus
► ex:
koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ kaⁿ-iⁿ kda-i taⁿ ta-taⁿ ho-taⁿ hi zhoⁿ-pi-zhi o-zhi
taⁿ ki-k’i (kóišǫ́ttą ką́į kdá-i tą táttą hottą́ hi žǫppíži oží tą
kikʔí) - so then when they went back (the other girls), he
gave his own (his daughter) a wooden box filled with something very
good [JOD]
► ex:
pe-zhe-xta zhaⁿ-a-be-tʰaⁿ o-zhi o-ki-kde-kde (ppežéxta žą́abetʰą́
oží ókikdékde) - flour-barrel-filled-set up in a row [JOD]
► ex:
o-zhi-ha zhi-ka e-ti o-wa-zhi naⁿ (óžiha žiká étti ówaži ną)
- he put them in there, in the little bag [JOD]
► ex:
to-wa o-zhi-ha zhi-ka o-wa-ki-zhi (tówa óžiha žíka ówakiží) -
he put the four of them (his own) into the little bag [JOD]
► Dhegiha:
u-zhi (uzhí) - to fill with water, grain, or any bulky
substance, to fill with any quantity of small objects, to plant or
sow grain, seed, etc. [Omaha/Ponca]; u-zhi (úzhi) - a
pocket [Omaha/Ponca]; u-zhi (uzhi) - luggage, packet,
suitcase, load, gardener, container, contain [Omaha]; u-zhi
(úzhi) - cabinet, bin, baggage [Omaha]; u-zhi (ú-zhi)
- to plant [FL-Osage]; u-zhi (u-zhi), o-zhi
(ó-zhi) - a hollow receptacle [FL-Osage]; u-zhu
(ú-zhu) - a pocket, a receptacle [FL-Osage]; o-zhu
(óožu) - put stuff in, plant stuff, pocket, bottle,
container, vessel [CQ-Osage]; o-zhu (oožú) - pour or
serve liquids or small solids such as beans, pour for someone, put
in, plant or sow, put in, receptacle, container, bottle, cup, bowl,
jar, shaker, holder, for pourable dry or liquid substances
[CQ-Osage]; o-zhu (ózhu) - bottle [Kaw]; o-zhu
(ozhú) - put or pour something into something, put many
small objects in something, fill, plant [Kaw]
into the brush
►
o-xda-ti (oxdátti) - into the brush [JOD]
► cf.
o-xda (oxdá) - thicket, bushes; tti (tti) -
at, by, in; locative
► ex:
o-xda-ti ho-ho-wi da-wi (oxdátti hohówi dawi) - they went
into the brush barking [JOD]
► ex:
o-xda-ti siⁿ-te saⁿ-haⁿ i-da-de i-de (oxdátti sį́tte są́hą idáda
idé) - he (rabbit) departed, his whitish tail being
seen/showing off and on in the brush [JOD]
► Dhegiha:
u-xtha-be (uxthábe) - forest, timber, in the woods
[Omaha]; o-xtha-be (o-xtha-be), u-xtha-be
(u-xthá-be) - thicket, a dense forest, a grove, woods
[FL-Osage]; o-xla-be (oxlábe) - brush, bushes,
undergrowth, a thicket [Kaw]
into the eyes
►
o-i-naⁿ (óiną) - fly against or into, as insects fly into
the eyes
into the head
►
ni-shki-ta (niškítta) - into the head [JOD]
► cf.
ni-shki (niškí) - back of the head; ta (tta)
- to, at, toward, in that direction
► ex:
ni-ski-ta a-ba-xda-te i-tʰe-de (niškítta ábaxdátte itʰéde)
- he stuck it (the pin) into his hair (upright on the back of his
head) [JOD]
► Dhegiha:
noⁿ-shki (noⁿshki) - head, not including the face
[Omaha]; noⁿ-shki zhi-de (noⁿshki zhide) - red head
[Omaha]; te na-shki-ha (te nashkíha) - buffalo head
hair, hair on the head of a buffalo [Omaha/Ponca]
into the house
►
ti-a-ti (ttiátti) - in the house, into the house
► ex:
ti-a-ti (ttiátti) - in the lodge, into the house [JOD]
► ex:
ti-a-ti kda (ttíatti kdá) - go in the house! [MS]
► ex:
ti-a-ti o-ka-xnaⁿ-xnaⁿ (ttiátti ókaxnąxną́) - different
articles in the lodge [JOD]
► ex:
e e-ta taⁿ-ha kdi-ze a-taⁿ ti-a-ti kaⁿ a-kda-niⁿ de (é ettá tąhá
kdíze áttą ttíatti ką ákdanį́ dé) - because it was hers, she
took it (her own), she took it into the house [JOD]
► ex:
to-si a o-doⁿ-de a-taⁿ ti-a-ti a-niⁿ kdi (tosí a odǫ́de [oną́de]
áttą ttiátti anį́ kdi) - under the arms-he locked
arms-and-to the lodge-he brought her back [JOD]
► Dhegiha:
ti-a-di (tíadi) - in house, in the house or lodge
[Omaha/Ponca]; ti-a-di (tíadi) - inside a house
[Omaha]
into trouble, to
get into trouble
►
shi-ke o-ki-knaⁿ (šiké okkíkną) - get into trouble, to get
into trouble
►
shi-ke o-a-ki-knaⁿ (šiké oákkikną) - I, shi-ke
o-da-ki-knaⁿ (šiké odákkikną) - you
► cf.
shi-ke (šíke) - bad; o-ki-knaⁿ (okkíkną) -
undertake something; o-ki-knaⁿ (okíkną) - put sg/si/in
into or beneath, as putting in the belt, etc.; o-knaⁿ (okną́),
o-kdaⁿ (okdą́) - put into; knaⁿ (kną),
kdaⁿ (kdą) - set, put
► Dhegiha:
u-gi-gthaⁿ (u-gí-g¢aⁿ) - to put his book, paper, etc.,
into his pocket; to put a cv. ob., belonging to himself, into a
barrel or cv. box [JOD-Omaha]; u-gi-gthoⁿ (u-gí-gthoⁿ)
- to put something in a pile [FL-Osage]; o-ʰki-laⁿ (óʰkilą)
- “that which one puts oneself into,” clothes [CQ-Osage];
o-ʰki-laⁿ (oʰkílaⁿ), o-ʰki-o-laⁿ (óʰkioolą́) - put on oeself
or dress in, dress oneself, put on clothes [CQ-Osage];
o-gi-laⁿ (ogílaⁿ) - put something in a container; put a
sitting object into something [Kaw]
into view, into
the open
►
ba-naⁿ-pe (baną́pe) - push into view
►
pa-naⁿ-pe (ppánąpe) - I, shpa-naⁿ-pe (špánąpe)
- you
► cf.
ba (ba) - by pushing; bi-naⁿ-pe (biną́pe) -
push out into the open; di-naⁿ-pe (diną́pe) - cause to
appear, show; ka-naⁿ-pe (kaną́pe) - uncover, unearth;
naⁿ-naⁿ-pe (nąną́pe) - scuff into view with the feet;
mi wa-e-naⁿ-pe (mi wáeną́pe) - sunrise, “sun appears,
comes into view”
► Dhegiha:
hi-thoⁿ-be (hí-thoⁿ-be) - to be exposed [FL-Osage];
i-thoⁿ-be (í-thoⁿ-be) - to appear, come into site
[FL-Osage]; i-thoⁿ-pe (íðǫpe) - appear [CQ-Osage];
i-yoⁿ-be (íyoⁿbe) - appear, come into view, rise, emerge,
as from water [Kaw]
►
bi-naⁿ-pe (biną́pe) - push out into the open
►
pi-naⁿ-pe (ppínąpe) - I, shpi-naⁿ-pe (špínąpe)
- you
► cf.
bi (bi) - by pressing, rubbing; ba-naⁿ-pe (baną́pe)
- push into view; di-naⁿ-pe (diną́pe) - cause to
appear, show; ka-naⁿ-pe (kaną́pe) - uncover, unearth;
naⁿ-naⁿ-pe (nąną́pe) - scuff into view with the feet;
mi wa-e-naⁿ-pe (mi wáeną́pe) - sunrise, “sun appears,
comes into view”
► Dhegiha:
hi-thoⁿ-be (hí-thoⁿ-be) - to be exposed [FL-Osage];
i-thoⁿ-be (í-thoⁿ-be) - to appear, come into site
[FL-Osage]; i-thoⁿ-pe (íðǫpe) - appear [CQ-Osage];
i-yoⁿ-be (íyoⁿbe) - appear, come into view, rise, emerge,
as from water [Kaw]
►
naⁿ-naⁿ-pe (nąną́pe) - scuff into view with the feet
►
a-naⁿ-naⁿ-pe (aną́nąpe) - I, da-naⁿ-naⁿ-pe (daną́nąpe)
- you
► cf.
naⁿ (ną) - by action of the foot; ba-naⁿ-pe
(baną́pe) - push into view; bi-naⁿ-pe (biną́pe)
- push out into the open; di-naⁿ-pe (diną́pe) - cause
to appear, show; ka-naⁿ-pe (kaną́pe) - uncover,
unearth; mi wa-e-naⁿ-pe (mi wáeną́pe) - sunrise, “sun
appears, comes into view”
► Dhegiha:
hi-thoⁿ-be (hí-thoⁿ-be) - made to appear, to be
exposed [FL-Osage]; i-thoⁿ-be (í-thoⁿ-be) - to appear,
come into site [FL-Osage]; i-thoⁿ-pe (íðǫpe) - appear
[CQ-Osage]; i-yoⁿ-be (íyoⁿbe) - appear, come into
view, rise, emerge, as from water [Kaw]
► mi
wa-e-naⁿ-pe (mi wáeną́pe) - sunrise, “sun appears, comes
into view”
► cf.
ba-naⁿ-pe (baną́pe) - push into view; bi-naⁿ-pe
(biną́pe) - push out into the open; di-naⁿ-pe
(diną́pe) - cause to appear, show; ka-naⁿ-pe (kaną́pe)
- uncover, unearth; naⁿ-naⁿ-pe (nąną́pe) - scuff into
view with the feet
► Dhegiha:
mi i-thoⁿ-be (mí-i-thoⁿ-be) - sunrise, the sun appears
[FL-Osage]; miⁿ i-thoⁿ-pe (mį́į íðǫpe) - sunrise, the
emergence of the sun, lit., “sun appears” [CQ-Osage]; miⁿ-oⁿba
i-yoⁿ-be (míⁿoⁿba íyoⁿbe) - sunrise [Kaw]
►
ba-wa-di-shta (bawádišta) - knock into view
►
pa-wa-di-shta (ppáwadišta) - I, shpa-wa-di-shta
(špáwadišta) - you
► cf.
ba (ba) - by pushing; wa-di-shta (wadíšta)
- visible, plain; da-wa-di-shta (dawádištá) - declare
a thing to be; ka-wa-di-shta (kawádišta) - uncover,
open up; naⁿ-wa-di-shta (nąwádišta) - uncover with the
feet; po-wa-di-shta (pówadišta) - punch, shoot into
view; ta-wa-di-shta (táwadíšta) - burn off, clear by
burning
► Dhegiha:
shi-wa-thi-shna (shíwathishna) - appear [Omaha];
thi-wa-thi-shna (thi wathishna) - reveal, show, bring out
[Omaha]; wa-yu-shta (wayúshta) - visible, to be in
sight [Kaw]
►
po-wa-di-shta (pówadišta) - punch, shoot into view
►
po-a-wa-di-shta (póawádišta) - I, po-wa-di-shta
(pódawádišta) - you
► cf.
po (po) - by shooting, blowing; wa-di-shta
(wadíšta) - visible, plain; ba-wa-di-shta (bawádišta)
- knock into view da-wa-di-shta (dawádištá) - declare
a thing to be; ka-wa-di-shta (kawádišta) - uncover,
open up; naⁿ-wa-di-shta (nąwádišta) - uncover with the
feet; ta-wa-di-shta (táwadíšta) - burn off, clear by
burning
► Dhegiha:
shi-wa-thi-shna (shíwathishna)
► Dhegiha:
shi-wa-thi-shna (shíwathishna) - appear [Omaha];
thi-wa-thi-shna (thi wathishna) - reveal, show, bring out
[Omaha]; wa-yu-shta (wayúshta) - visible, to be in
sight [Kaw]
into, changed
into, turned into
►
o-do-hi (odóhi) - changed into, turned into [JOD]
► cf.
o-do-hi (odóhi) - become or come up [JOD]
► ex:
wa-hi-ka zhi-ka ta-sha-knaⁿ o-do-hi ka-xe (wahíkka žíka tášakną́
odóhi káγe) - he made her into a small pin [JOD]
► ex:
ni-ka-shi-ka wa-x’o o-do-hi-ki-de (níkkašíka waxʔó odóhikidé)
- he made (caused her) to change into a female human being [JOD]
► ex:
we-s’a o-do-hi kʰe (wésʔa odóhi kʰe) - she changed into a
serpent [JOD]
► ex:
koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ zho bdo-ka hi we-s’a o-do-hi i-ya-we, we-s’a-xti
kde-zhe pe-xe taⁿ e-koⁿ o-do-hi i-ya-we (kóišǫ́ttą žo bdóka hi wésʔa
odóhi iyáwe, wésʔaxti kdežé ppéγe ttą ekǫ́ odóhi iyáwe) -
then her entire flesh/body turned into a snake, they say, turned
into a spotted real snake (rattlesnake) with/having a rattle, like
that, they say [JOD]
► ex:
e-haⁿ kʰe we-s’a o-do-hi kʰe taⁿ-ha naⁿ-pe xa-ke niⁿ-kʰe (ehą́
kʰe wésʔa odóhi kʰe tą́ha ną́ppe γaké nįkʰé) - her
mother-the recl.-serpent-was changed into-the recl.-because-fearing
to see her-was crying (as she sat) [JOD]
into, cut into,
gash
►
ba-ste (basté) - cut into, gash
►
pa-ste (ppáste) - I, shpa-ste (špáste) - you
► cf.
ba (ba) - by pushing; ba-ste-ste (bastéste)
- cut to shreds, stab repeatedly; o-ste (oste) -
crack, cracked, split; o-ste-ke (ostéke) - crack,
split; bi-ste (bisté) - split, gash; da-ste
(dasté) - split with teeth; di-ste (disté) -
split, pull off string; o-di-ste (odíste) - split by
pulling a knife through; ka-ste (kasté) - gash, split
something; o-ka-ste (okáste) - split something by
striking; naⁿ-ste (nąsté) - kick a gash in something;
pa-ste (páste) - gash, cut with a knife blade;
po-ste (póste) - graze shooting and gash
► Dhegiha:
ba-zne (ba-s͓né) - to slit the skin by pushing the
hand against a splinter, or, by pushing the stick lengthwise along
the hand, without penetrating the flesh [JOD-Omaha];
ba-stse-ge (bá-stse-ge) - to gash the skin with a knife
[FL-Osage]; ba-stse-ge (bascége) - slit, cut by
pushing [Kaw]; ba-stse-ge (báscege) - gash the skin
with a knife [Kaw]
into, down into
►
maⁿ-tʰa-ha (mątʰáha) - into, down into (as water)
► cf.
maⁿ-tʰe (mą́tʰe) - inside, in, within, under; ni
maⁿ-tʰe (ní mątʰé) - under the water;
ni-xi-te maⁿ-tʰe tiⁿiⁿ (niγítte mą́tʰe ttį́į́) - ringing in
the ear [MS]; maⁿ-tʰe da-tʰi hne (mą́tʰe datʰí hné) -
come back inside [MS]; maⁿ-tʰe wa-tʰe (mą́tʰe watʰé) -
slip, undergarment [OM]
► Dhegiha:
moⁿ-tse-ʰta-ha (moⁿ-tsé-ṭa-ha) - inward, toward the
center [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-tsʰe-ʰta-ha (mącʰéʰtaha) -
inward, toward the center [CQ-Osage]; maⁿ-che-ha (maⁿchéha)
- under, motion into or inward [Kaw]
into, put into
►
o-knaⁿ (okną́), o-kdaⁿ (okdą́) - put singular,
sitting, inanimate object or cloth, paper into
►
o-a-knaⁿ (oákną) - I, o-da-knaⁿ (odákną) -
you, oⁿ-ko-knaⁿ-we (ǫkóknąwe) - we
► cf.
knaⁿ (kną), kdaⁿ (kdą) - set or put a
singular inanimate object; a-knaⁿ (ákną), a-kdaⁿ
(ákdą) - put a singular, sitting, inanimate, curvilinear
object or cloth, paper, plaster, etc. upon a surface; ki-knaⁿ
(kikną́) - set one’s own, put one’s own; o-ki-knaⁿ
(okíkną) - put singular, sitting, inanimate object into or
beneath, as putting in the belt, etc.
► ex:
iⁿ-te o-kdaⁿ (į́tte ókdą) - mask, lit. “put the face in
it”
► ex:
i-yo-knaⁿ (iyókną) - put something in the mouth, “íha +
ókną”
► ex:
ma-ze o-knaⁿ (mazé okną́) - bridle
► ex:
pa-hi o-kdaⁿ (ppáhi ókdą), pa-hi o-knaⁿ (ppáhi
ókną), pa-ho-knaⁿ (ppahókną) - hat, cap, “head
is put inside”
► ex:
wa-pa-hi o-knaⁿ (wappáhi okną́) - headdress of woven yarn
► ex:
wa-x’o pa-hi-o-knaⁿ (waxʔó ppáhiókną) - bonnet
► ex:
o-kdaⁿ-ke (ókdąke) - hat or cap
► ex:
xi-da oknaⁿ-ke (xidá okną́ke) - headdress made of eagle
skins
► ex:
o-zhi-ha o-knaⁿ (óžiha okną) - to put it in a bag [JOD]
► ex:
koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ miⁿ di-ze naⁿ ta-i-ta o-naⁿ a-taⁿ di-ba-xe naⁿ
o-zhi-ha o-knaⁿ kaⁿ-niⁿ-kʰe (kóišǫ́ttą mį dizé ną ttáitta oną attą
dibáxe ną óžiha okną ką́-nįkʰé) - then he grabbed one, held
it by the neck and broke it, then put it in a bag [JOD]
► Dhegiha:
u-gthoⁿ (u-gthoⁿ) - to put in, putting in, a place of
deposit, to inclose, in which to put, to thrust in, to put a stake
in a pile when gambling [FL-Osage]; o-laⁿ (oolą́) -
put into, place inside of, pour round items into, add items to
cooking, pour liquid into [CQ-Osage]; o-laⁿ (oláⁿ) -
put a sitting/inanimate object into something, to put a curvilinear
(wide rather than tall) object such as paper, a book, a bandage,
cloth, etc. within a receptacle [Kaw]
►
o-zhi (oží) - put cl into something, plant, fill
►
o-a-zhi (oáži) - I, o-da-zhi (odáži) - you,
oⁿko-zhi-we (ǫkóžiwe) - we
► cf.
o-zhi (oží) - filled [JOD]; o-zhi (óži) -
bowl, dish; o-ki-zhi (ókiži) - fill one’s own;
o-ki-zhi (ókiži) - fill something for someone;
o-pi-zhi (óppiži) - drawer; pi-ki-zhi (ppíkiži)
- to put away one’s own; zhaⁿ-pi-zhi (žąppiži) -
trunk, box, wooden box; xoⁿ-te zhaⁿ-pi-zhi (xǫtté žąppiži)
- cedar chest [MS]; e-ti-zhi (ettíži) - put them on
[JOD]; sto-de-zhi (stodéži) - collect small objects in
a heap; mi-zhi (míži) - put pl/s¢in under belt, tuck
in; a-zhi (áži) - put small s¢in objects onto
something that serves as a platform; koi-shoⁿ-zhi (koišǫ́ži)
- piling up the pieces in that manner [JOD]
► ex:
maⁿ o-zhi (mą́oží) - quiver for arrows
► ex:
zi-hi o-zhi (zíhi óži) - jug
► ex:
ma-ze o-zhi (máze óži) - tin plate
► ex:
zhoⁿ o-zhi (žǫ́ oží) - dipper or cup of wood
► ex:
o-zhi ska wa-noⁿ-bde (óži ska wanǫ́bde) - bowl [MS]
► ex:
ni shi-ke o-zhi (ni šíke oží) - whiskey bottle [MS]
► ex:
ma-ze ni o-zhi (mazé ni oží) - milk bottle [MS]
► ex:
o-zhi-ha (óžiha) - sack, bag, pocket
► ex:
wa-zhiⁿ-ka o-zhi-ha (wažį́ka ožíha) - bird’s nest
► ex:
te-zhe-ni o-zhi-ha (téženi óžiha) - bladder
► ex:
shi-o-zhi-ha (šíožíha) - uterus
► ex:
koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ kaⁿ-iⁿ kda-i taⁿ ta-taⁿ ho-taⁿ hi zhoⁿ-pi-zhi o-zhi
taⁿ ki-k’i (kóišǫ́ttą ką́į kdá-i tą táttą hottą́ hi žǫppíži oží tą
kikʔí) - so then when they went back (the other girls), he
gave his own (his daughter) a wooden box filled with something very
good [JOD]
► ex:
pe-zhe-xta zhaⁿ-a-be-tʰaⁿ o-zhi o-ki-kde-kde (ppežéxta žą́abetʰą́
oží ókikdékde) - flour-barrel-filled-set up in a row [JOD]
► ex:
o-zhi-ha zhi-ka e-ti o-wa-zhi naⁿ (óžiha žiká étti ówaži ną)
- he put them in there, in the little bag [JOD]
► ex:
to-wa o-zhi-ha zhi-ka o-wa-ki-zhi (tówa óžiha žíka ówakiží) -
he put the four of them (his own) into the little bag [JOD]
► Dhegiha:
u-zhi (uzhí) - to fill with water, grain, or any bulky
substance, to fill with any quantity of small objects, to plant or
sow grain, seed, etc. [Omaha/Ponca]; u-zhi (úzhi) - a
pocket [Omaha/Ponca]; u-zhi (uzhi) - luggage, packet,
suitcase, load, gardener, container, contain [Omaha]; u-zhi
(úzhi) - cabinet, bin, baggage [Omaha]; u-zhi (ú-zhi)
- to plant [FL-Osage]; u-zhi (u-zhi), o-zhi
(ó-zhi) - a hollow receptacle [FL-Osage]; u-zhu
(ú-zhu) - a pocket, a receptacle [FL-Osage]; o-zhu
(óožu) - put stuff in, plant stuff, pocket, bottle,
container, vessel [CQ-Osage]; o-zhu (oožú) - pour or
serve liquids or small solids such as beans, pour for someone, put
in, plant or sow, put in, receptacle, container, bottle, cup, bowl,
jar, shaker, holder, for pourable dry or liquid substances
[CQ-Osage]; o-zhu (ózhu) - bottle [Kaw]; o-zhu
(ozhú) - put or pour something into something, put many
small objects in something, fill, plant [Kaw]
into, run into,
to butt, collide
►
a-ki-pa-i-naⁿ (ákkippainą́) - collide, run into, to butt
►
a-a-ki-pa-bnaⁿ (áakkippábną) - I, a-da-ki-pa-taⁿ
(ádakkippáttą́) - you
► cf.
a-ki-pa (ákkippa) - meet a person or animal;
a-ki-pa-t’o i-he-de (ákkippatʔo ihéde) - close off, stop up,
clog, as in a traffic jam; a-ki-pa-t’o ka-xe (ákkippatʔo káγe)
- close, as sliding doors
► Dhegiha:
a-ki-pa (akipa) - meet [Omaha]; a-ʰki-pa
(á-ḳi-pa) - to meet another [FL-Osage]; a-ʰki-ʰpa
(áʰkiʰpa) - encounter, meet [CQ-Osage]; a-ki-pa
(ákipa) - meet [Kaw]
into, to get into
and sit, to come to and sit in, to reach/arrive and sit in
►
o-hi-kniⁿ (ohíknį) - to get into and sit, to come to and sit
in, to reach/arrive and sit in [JOD];
► cf.
hi (hi) - come, be coming here, not own; hi (hi)
- arrive, reach there, have been; kniⁿ (knį),
kdiⁿ (kdį) - sit, be sitting, be in a place, camp;
a-kniⁿ (aknį́) - sit on; a-kniⁿ (áknį) -
chair, seat; a-hi-kniⁿ (áhiknį́) - to get on and sit,
to come to and sit upon, to reach/arrive and sit on [JOD];
a-ki-kniⁿ (akíknį) - to sit on one’s own [JOD];
a-kʰi-kniⁿ (akʰíknį) - return home there and stay;
ki-kniⁿ (kíknį) - sit with reference to another;
o-kniⁿ (oknį́) - sit in, dwell in, live in; o-ki-kniⁿ
(okiknį) - to sit in one’s own [JOD]; o-ki-kniⁿ
(okkíknį) - sit together, with one another; o-ti-kdiⁿ
(óttikdį) - village
► ex:
e maⁿ-te kʰe-ti o-hi-kniⁿ naⁿ kde (e mąté kʰettí ohíknį ną kdé)
- that/the canoe, she got into it and sat down, then headed home
[JOD]
► Dhegiha:
u-hi-gthiⁿ (u-hí-gthiⁿ) - he came to and sat at the
[FL-Osage]
► Dhegiha:
u-hi (u-hí) - to reach and to enter [FL-Osage];
o-hi (ohí) - arrive at a place [Kaw]
into, to push
into
►
o-ba-haⁿ (obáhą) - to push into
► ex:
o-ba-haⁿ (obáhą) - he pushed into it [JOD]
► ex:
haⁿ-ka e-zhiⁿ-ke ha kʰe o-di-shto-te o-ba-haⁿ a-taⁿ ma-xi-wa-de
tʰaⁿ i-ya-we, haⁿ-ka e-zhiⁿ-ke i-niⁿ-aⁿ-we ke i-ya-we, ma-shtiⁿ-ke
e-tʰaⁿ i-ya-we (hą́ka ežį́ke há kʰe odíštotte obáhą attą́ maγíwadé
tʰą́ iyáwe, hą́ka ežį́ke etʰą́ inįą́we ké iyáwé, maštį́ke etʰą́
iyáwe) - he skinned Haⁿ-ka’s son, put on his skin and
tricked them, they thought that rabbit was Haⁿ-ka’s son, they say
[JOD]
► ex:
koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ ha kʰe ma-shtiⁿ-ke o-ba-haⁿ (kóišǫ́ttą há kʰe
maštį́ke obáhą) - then the rabbit put the skin on [JOD]
► ex:
ki-di-za-we e-shoⁿ haⁿ-ka e-zhiⁿ-ke ha kʰe o-ba-haⁿ tʰaⁿ
o-naⁿ-shto-te naⁿ da taⁿ ni-a-ta ko-e-kde i-ya-we (kídikizáwe ešǫ́
hą́ka ežį́ke há kʰe obáhą tʰą oną́štotte ną dá tą niátta koékde
iyáwe) - after they made a way for him, he started to run
back towards the water, he kicked off Haⁿ-ka’s son’s skin in which
he had been wearing, they say [JOD]
► Dhegiha:
u-ba-haⁿ (u-bá-haⁿ) - to push his way in (at the
entrance) [JOD-Omaha]; o-ba-hoⁿ moⁿ-iⁿ (o-bá-hoⁿ-moⁿ-iⁿ)
- Walking Within, personal name [FL-Osage]; o-pa-haⁿ (opáahą)
- raise up, hold up, put on, don as clothing [CQ-Osage];
o-ba-haⁿ (obáhaⁿ) - wear [Kaw]
► Dhegiha:
ba-hoⁿ (bahóⁿ) - push up, to push up [Omaha/Ponca];
ba-hoⁿ (ba-hóⁿ) - to raise an object by pushing, to lift
up, pushes up [FL-Osage]; pa-haⁿ (paahą́) - raise,
hold up [CQ-Osage]; ba-haⁿ (baháⁿ) - push up, raise by
burrowing [Kaw]
into, to push
through/into
►
a-ba-xda-te (ábaxdátte) - to push through/into
► cf.
a-ki-da-xda-te (ákkidaxdátte) - through;
a-ki-da-xda-te de (ákkidaxdátte dé) - to go through
► ex:
a-ba-xda-te (ábaxdátte) - he stuck it into (the hair)
[JOD]
► ex:
i-ka-pʰe a-ba-xda-te (íkapʰe ábaxdátte) - comb that is
worn in the hair [JOD]
► ex:
ni-ski-ta a-ba-xda-te i-tʰe-de (niškítta ábaxdátte itʰéde)
- he stuck it (the pin) into his hair (upright on the back of his
head) [JOD]
► Dhegiha:
na-zhi-ha we-ba-xtha-de (nazhíha wébaqtháde) - hairpin
[Omaha/Ponca]; we-a-ba-xtha-de (weábaqtháde) - hairpin
[Omaha/Ponca]; a-ki-tha-xtha-de (akíthaxthade) -
through [Omaha]
invisible
►
taⁿ-iⁿ-zhi (ttą́įži) - invisible, out of sight
► cf.
taⁿ-iⁿ (ttą́į) - visible, in sight; zhi (ži)
- not, negation
► Dhegiha:
ʰtoⁿ-iⁿ a-zhi (ṭoⁿ-íⁿ a-zhi) - invisible, not visible,
not to be seen [FL-Osage]; wa-tiⁿ-zhi (watíⁿzhi) -
invisible, not in sight [Kaw]
invitation
►
ki-we (kiwé) - come, come in (invitation)
►
ki-we (kiwé) - come on [MR]
►
ki-we (kiwé) - come here [OM]
►
ki-we (kiwé) - come [AG]
►
ki-we (kiwé) - come in, come back [AB]
► cf.
ki (ki) - be returning to here
► ex:
ki-we, wi-he (kiwé, wihé) - come back younger sister
[JOD]
► ex:
za-ni o-zha ki-we (zaní óža kiwé) - everbody come dance
[MS]
► ex:
o-zha za-ni ki-wa-we (óža zaní kiwawe) - everybody come
dance [MS]
► Dhegiha:
gi (gi) - to come back, to come home [Omaha/Ponca];
gi-a (giah) - command: beckon: come here (F) [Omaha];
gi-ga (giga) - command: beckon: come here (M) [Omaha];
gi (gi) - he approaches, he comes [FL-Osage]; gi-a
(gí-a) - is he coming [FL-Osage]; gi-o (gi-o)
- to come [FL-Osage]; kiu (kǘ), ku (kú),
a-kiu (akǘ), a-ku (akú) - come back
here; get, fetch, bring, come here with; initial a is
often omitted with 3rd person subject and in imperative
[CQ-Osage]; ki (ki) - in, into, at, on [CQ-Osage];
gu (gu) - to be coming back [Kaw]; gi (gi-) -
motion back to somewhere; go back, return [Kaw]
invite
►
i-ki-pʰe (íkipʰé) - to invite the people to assemble, to
invite them [JOD]
► cf.
o-pʰe (opʰé) - enter, as a lodge
► ex:
koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ e-ti toⁿ ko-zhi taⁿ o-zha i-ki-pʰe tʰi-we (kóišǫ́ttą
étti ttǫ́ kkoží tą óža íkipʰe tʰíwe) - then from a distant
village they came to invite them to dance [JOD]
► ex:
i-ki-pʰe za-ni (íkipʰe zaní) - he invited everyone to
assemble [JOD]
► ex:
i-tʰi-ki i-ki-pʰe a-ka-zhiⁿ-wi (itʰíki íkipʰe ákažįwí) -
they ordered the crier to invite the people [JOD]
► ex:
i-tʰi-ki i-ki-pʰe de a-taⁿ ni-ka-shi-ka tʰi (itʰíki íkipʰé dé
attą́ níkkašíka tʰí) - the crier goes to invite the people
to come and assemble [JOD]
► ex:
koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ i-ki-pʰe ki-ha naⁿ ni-ka-shi-ka zho-hi hi tʰi-naⁿ-we
(kóišǫ́ttą íkipʰe kihá ną níkkašíka žóhi hí tʰí-ną-we) -
then, when he is finished inviting many people, they usually come
[JOD]
► Dhegiha:
a-pe (á-pĕ) - to ask a person to go with him
[JOD-Omaha]; a-ʰpe (á-p̣e) - to invite, to invite one
to go on a journey, or on a fishing trip, to persuade [FL-Osage]
► Dhegiha:
u-pe (up͓é) - to enter, as a lodge or room
[Omaha/Ponca]; ti u-pe (tíupe) - caller, company,
visit [Omaha]; u-ʰpe (u-p̣é) - to enter [FL-Osage];
o-ʰpe (oʰpé) - enter or go in/into, enter formally as
into a peyote meeting [CQ-Osage]; e-ji o-phe (éji ophé)
- 1) go with, follow; 2) to be a member of, as a society or club; 3)
attend, as school or a meeting [Kaw]
►
ki-baⁿ (kibą) - flute, “to call to”
► cf.
baⁿ (bą) - call, to halloo; wa-te-baⁿ (wattébą́)
- to give the attacking cry [JOD]; wa-te wa-baⁿ (watté wabą́)
- to give the attack signal
► ex:
aⁿ-baⁿ (ąbą́) - he called to me [JOD]
► ex:
i-naⁿ-paⁿ aⁿ-baⁿ hi-de taⁿ bde ta miⁿ-kʰe (ínąp͓ą́ ąbą híde tą́
bdé tta mįkʰé) - if he calls to me a second time, I will go
[JOD]
► ex:
aⁿ-baⁿ-wi (ąbą́wi) - they called me [JOD]
► ex:
di-baⁿ (dibą́) - call to you [JOD]
► ex:
wa-paⁿ (wappą́) - I call to them
► ex:
be ni-ka-shi-ka di-baⁿ i-niⁿ-haⁿ (bé níkkašíka dibą́ inįhą́)
- who could this person be, that called to you? [JOD]
► ex:
kdaⁿ-ni-ke ki-baⁿ, i-she koⁿ-bda zhi, kdaⁿ-ni-ke ki-baⁿ ta
(kdąníke kibą, išé kkǫbdá ži, kdąníke kibą ta) - I don’t
want you to say, when I’m drinking around here [MS]
► ex:
shka-te shoⁿ-niⁿ naⁿ-zha ma-sa-ni-taⁿ ni-ka-shi-ka miⁿ ki-baⁿ
hi-de (škátte šǫ-nį́ ną́ža másanítą níkkašíka mį́ kíbą híde)
- after he had been playing awhile, a person called to him from the
other side (of the river) [JOD]
► Dhegiha:
ki-boⁿ (kiboⁿ) - invite [Omaha]; gi-boⁿ (gí-boⁿ)
- to call from a distance, to summon, to call to appear [FL-Osage];
ki-ʰpaⁿ (kíʰpą) - call, invite one’s relative(s)
[CQ-Osage]; ki-paⁿ (kípą) - call or visit to ask or
summon someone to attend or appear before others, invite someone,
not a relative [CQ-Osage]; gi-baⁿ (gibáⁿ) - call to
one’s own children, etc. [Kaw]; gi-baⁿ (gíbaⁿ) - call
to someone, call to another, call to another’s child, etc. [Kaw]
► Dhegiha:
wa-paⁿ (wapą́) - call, holler for folks, invite people
[CQ-Osage]; wa-paⁿ (wáapą) - invite folks to appear
before others [CQ-Osage]; wa-baⁿ (wabáⁿ) - to call to
them (not by their request [Kaw]
► Dhegiha:
boⁿ (boⁿ) - call, to call out [Omaha/Ponca]; boⁿ
(boⁿ) - scream [Omaha]; poⁿ (poⁿ) - yell
[Omaha]; boⁿ (boⁿ) - to call [FL-Osage]; paⁿ
(pą́) - holler, yell, scream, shout [CQ-Osage]; baⁿ
(baⁿ) - call to [Kaw]
Iowa Indians
►
pa-xo-te (páqutĕ) - Kwapa name for the Iowa Indians [JOD]
► Dhegiha:
ma-qu-de (máqude) - the Iowa tribe, an Iowa person
[Omaha/Ponca]; ma-xu-de (máxude) - Iowa Tribe,
corruption of “paxude” grey head [Omaha]; ʰpá-xo-dse
(p̣á-xo-dse), ba-xo-dse (bá-xo-dse) - the Osage name for the
Iowa Indians [FL-Osage]; pa-xo-tse (páxoce) - Ioway or
Iowa Indians, a tribe living in Nebraska, Kansas and Oklahoma and in
earlier days Iowa, lit., “gray snow” [CQ-Osage]; pa-xo-je
(páxoje), pa-xo-tse (páxoce) - Ioway tribe;
Ioway person or people, a tribe of the Chiwere group, the other
tribes being the Otoe and Missoria. They were the ancient allies of
the Ponca and Omaha, to whom they are related [Kaw]
iris of the eye
►
i-shta o-shaⁿ-shaⁿ (ištá ošąšą́) - iris of the eye
► cf.
i-shta (ištá) - eye; i-shta o-sha (ištá oša),
i-shto-sha (ištóša) - pupil of the eye;
i-shto-ska (ištóska) - cornea, i-shta (išta) +
o-ska (oska)
Irish potato
►
to-shoⁿ-shoⁿ (tošǫ́šǫ) - Irish potato, “round potato”
►
to-shoⁿ-shoⁿ (tošǫ́šǫ) - Irish potato [MS, AB, OM]
► cf.
to (to) - potato; shoⁿ-shoⁿ (šǫ́šǫ) -
round, spherical; to ska (toska) - potato, “white
potato” [MR]; to ste-te (to stétte) - sweet potato,
“long potato” [MS, MR, AB, OM]; to ski-de (to ski-de)
- sweet potato [MR]; to taⁿ-ka (tuk-tonkah) - apple of
the earth, large potato, prairie turnip (pomme de terre) [GI];
to-kde de (tah-kah-dah-the) - turnips (ravets) [GI]
► Dhegiha:
do-ska (dó-çka) - white potatoes, Irish potatoes
[FL-Osage]; to-ska (tóoska) - white potato, Irish
potato [CQ-Osage]; do ska (do ská) - potato,
commercial potato, “Irish potato” [Kaw]
iron weeding hoe
►
we-x’aⁿ (wéxʔą) - hoe, iron weeding hoe
► cf.
we (we) - with which to; i-x’aⁿ (íxʔą́),
i-x’oⁿ (ixʔǫ́) - hoe, cultivate
► Dhegiha:
i-oⁿ (íoⁿ) - cultivate [Omaha]; i-ʰk’oⁿ (í-ḳ’oⁿ)
- to cultivate growing corn, beans, and squash [FL-Osage]
iron, adze made
of iron
►
iⁿ-spe xa-taⁿ (į́spe xáttą) - adze made of iron
► cf.
iⁿ-spe (į́spe), (įspé) - axe; iⁿ-spe
zhi-ka (į́spe žíka) - hatchet
iron, metal, or
gun
►
ma-ze (máze) - iron or gun
►
ma-ze (máze) - gun, iron, metal [MS]
►
ma-ze (moseh) - iron (fer) [GI]
►
maⁿ-ze (mą́ze) - gun also iron [FS]
► ex:
ma-ze iⁿ-tʰiⁿ (máze į́tʰį) - sword, lit. “iron striker”
► ex:
ma-ze ka-xe (máze káγe) - blacksmith, “make metal”
► ex:
ma-ze o-do-ki-aⁿ-da-da (máze odókkiądáda) - chain
► ex:
ma-ze o-knaⁿ (mazé okną́) - bridle
► ex:
ma-ze o-zhi (máze óži) - tin plate, “metal bowl or dish”
► ex:
ma-ze-ska (mazéska) - silver, money, a dollar, “white
metal”
► ex:
ma-ze-ska ka-sta wa-naⁿ-’iⁿ(mazéska kásta waną́ʔį) -
silver breast ornament, from Harrison Quapaw, “necklace of pouned
metal” [MH]
► ex:
ma-ze-ska miⁿ-xti (mazéska mį́xti) - dollar, one dollar
► ex:
ma-ze snaⁿ-ka (máze sną́kka) - nail
► ex:
ma-ze ta-de (máze táde) - stove, “metal which causes
heat”
► ex:
ma-ze ti-ke (maze ttíke) - spoon, “metal shell”
► ex:
ma-ze-ti-ta (mazéttítta) - clock, “metal ticking, as
tick-tock”
► ex:
ma-ze-ti-ta zhi-ka (mazéttítta žíka) - watch, “small
clock”
► ex:
ma-ze wa-hi-oⁿ o-na-x’oⁿ (máze wáhiǫ onáxʔǫ) - telegraph
wire, “metal string that hears something”
► ex:
ma-ze wa-hi-oⁿ o-na-x’oⁿ i-ka-xe (máze wáhiǫ onáxʔǫ ikáγe)
- telegraph, “metal string that makes one hear something”
► ex:
ma-ze we-ba-xto (máze wébaxto) - spear, war spear, “metal
with which to pierce or stab”
► ex:
ma-ze we-ka-sta (mazé wékastá) - hammer, “metal with
which to pound/beat with”
► Dhegiha:
moⁿ-ze (móⁿ-çe) - iron, metal [Omaha/Ponca];
moⁿ-ze (moⁿçe) - nail, iron, metal, female breasts, teats
[Omaha]; moⁿ-ze (móⁿ-çe) - iron or any kind of metal
[FL-Osage]; maⁿ-ze (mą́ze) - metal of any kind, lead
or iron, wire, cable [CQ-Osage]; maⁿ-ze (máⁿze) -
iron, metal in general [Kaw]
iron, to iron,
press flat
►
a-bi-saⁿ-te (ábisątte) - press down on
► cf.
a-bi-saⁿ-te (ábisątte) - catch by pressing on; hold down,
e.g., on his back; lie on something; a-bi-saⁿ-te-zhi
(ábisąttéži) - press down on, weight, hold down
► ex:
wa-tʰe a-bi-saⁿ-te koi-tʰe di-ha-knaⁿ da (watʰé ábisątte kóitʰe
dihákną dá) - go iron your dress! [AG]
► Dhegiha:
a-bi-saⁿ-de (á-bi-sán-dĕ) - 1. to press down on; 2.to
catch an object by pressing the hands down on and around it; 3.
usual meaning is a vulgar one [JOD-Omaha]; a-bi-soⁿ-dse
(á-bi-çoⁿ-dse) - to press to the ground [FL-Osage];
a-bi-saⁿ-je (ábisaⁿje), a-bu-saⁿ-je (ábusaⁿje)
- press down on, wrestle [Kaw]
iron, used to
iron clothes
►
we-ta-sa-de (wétásáde), we-ta-sta-de (wétástáde)
- iron, like you iron with [MS]
► ex:
we-ta-sta-de ho-taⁿ hi (wétástáde hóttą hi) - good iron
[MS]
► Dhegiha:
we-na-sa-da-the (wénasádathe) - flat iron
[Omaha/Ponca]; we-na-sa-da-the (wenaça dathe) - flat
iron [Omaha]; wa-na-sa-de the (wanáçade the) - iron
clothes [Omaha]
ironwood tree
►
zhoⁿ ta-kaⁿ koⁿ (žǫ́ ttakką́ kǫ) - ironwood tree
► Dhegiha:
he-tʰa-zhoⁿ-tʰa (hétʰazhóⁿtʰa) - ironwood
[Omaha/Ponca]; he-ta-zhoⁿ-ta (hétazhoⁿta) - ironwood
tree [Omaha]
irritate, pick on
►
i-si-aⁿ (ísią́) - irritate, pick on
►
i-da-si-aⁿ (idásią́) - I, i-da-si-aⁿ (ídasią́)
- you
► Dhegiha:
i-si (íçi) - to dislike, to hate, to abhor, repugnance
[FL-Osage]; i-si (íisi) - hate, dislike, detest,
abhor, despise [CQ-Osage]; i-si (ísi) - hate, dislike
[Kaw]
►
i-si-wa-de (ísiwáde) - irritate, pick on someone
►
i-da-si-wa-de (idásiwáde) - I, i-da-si-wa-de
(ídasiwáde) - you
► Dhegiha:
i-si-wa-the (í-çi-wa-the) - contemptible, despicable,
base, vile, infamous [FL-Osage]; i-si-e wa-the (í-çi-e wa-the)
- a knave; a tricky, deceitful person [FL-Osage]; i-si-wa-the
(íisiwaðe) - be mean, hateful, disliked, destestible,
contemptible, despicable, base, vile, infamous, spiteful, lit.,
“cause folks to hate him/her” [CQ-Osage]; i-si-wa-ye (ísiwàye)
- hateful, abominable, no good [Kaw]
►
i-si-si-ke (ísisíke) - mistreat, abuse someone
► ex:
i-di-si-si-ke (idísisíke) - they abuse you [JOD]
► ex:
e-ti te na-ha i-di-si-si-ke hi ta-i e-de (étti tté nahá idísisike
hi ttai edé) - do not go there, they will sure enough abuse
you [JOD]
irritated
►
o-xnaⁿ (óxną) - angry, irritated, cross
►
o-xnaⁿ (o-hu-nu) - mean [LH]
► cf.
o-xnaⁿ ka-xe (óxną káγe) - to make angry, cross
► ex:
shoⁿ-ke o-xnaⁿ iⁿ (šǫ́ke wítta óxną į) - mean dog [MS]
► ex:
shoⁿ-ke wi-ta o-xnaⁿ iⁿ (šǫ́ke wítta óxną į) - my dog is
mean [MS]
► Dhegiha:
u-xthoⁿ shtoⁿ (ú-xthoⁿ-shtoⁿ) - to be cross,
disagreeable [FL-Osage]; o-laⁿ (ólą), (óolą),
o-loⁿ (olǫ́ǫ), o-dla (ódla) - pout,
sulk, sulky [CQ-Osage]; xthoⁿ (xthoⁿ) - to sulk, pout,
peeved [FL-Osage]; loⁿ (lǫ́), laⁿ (lą́) - mad, angry
[CQ-Osage]
island
► ni
doⁿ-ta (ní dǫttá), ni naⁿ-ta (ní nąttá) -
island
► ni
noⁿ-ta (ni-nottah) - island (isle) [GI]
► Dhegiha:
ni u-thoⁿ-da (ní-u-¢ań-da) - an island [JOD-Omaha];
ni-u-thoⁿ-ta (niu thoⁿta) - island [Omaha];
ni-u-thoⁿ-da (ni-ú-thoⁿ-da) - an island [FL-Osage];
no-oⁿ-ʰta zhiⁿ-ka (níǫʰta žį́ka) - island [CQ-Osage]
► Dhegiha:
u-thoⁿ-da (uthóⁿda) - center, middle [Omaha/Ponca];
o-thoⁿ-da (o-thóⁿ-da), u-thoⁿ-da (ú-thoⁿ-da)
- in the center [FL-Osage]
isthmus
►
a-na-se-ta (ánasétta) - isthmus
► Dhegiha:
a-na-se (ánasĕ) - to fasten a door or gate, to check,
hinder, impede, cut off the retreat of, to prevent [JOD-Omaha]
it
► e
(e) - that, he, she, it, aforementioned
► ex:
e she-mi (é šémi) - that girl [JOD]
► ex:
ni-ka-shi-ka e a-zha-miⁿ (níkkašika e ážamį) - I treat
him as a human being
► ex:
e a-di-xe koⁿ-da (é ádiγé kǫdá) - she wanted to marry
him, the aforementioned [JOD]
► ex:
o-zha tʰaⁿ e toⁿ-we ni-he (óža tʰą é tǫ́we-nihe) - that
one dancing, you’all look at him [JOD]
► ex:
e sh’a-ke niⁿ-kʰe ki-ta-ni taⁿ e-zhaⁿ-ke e-ta taⁿ kaⁿ-tʰaⁿ (e
šʔáke nįkʰé kitáni tą ežą́ke ettá tą ką-tʰą́) - he, the old
man sat smoking, while his daughter stood [JOD]
► ex:
e za-ni zhaⁿ iⁿ-ke (é zaní žą́ įké) - they all reclining
► ex:
be ni-ka-shi-ka di-baⁿ i-niⁿ-haⁿ (bé níkkašíka dibą́ inįhą́)
- who could this person be, that called to you? [JOD]
► ex:
e a-niⁿ ni-tʰe (é anį́ nitʰé) - that, the aforementioned,
he probably has it [JOD]
► ex:
e o-do-ha-ke (é odóhake) - that last one [JOD]
► ex:
e o-do-ha-ke ni a-shka ki taⁿ pa-hi niⁿ-kʰe ki-ki-knaⁿ (é odóhake
ní áška kí tą ppahí nįkʰé kíkikną́) - that-last
one-water-near-reached here again-when-head-the (part)-she put down
her own for him [JOD]
► ex:
e haⁿ-ba haⁿ-ke hi (é hą́ba hą́ke hí) -
that-day-nearly-very [JOD]
► ex:
ka-sa-ni-a-ti e zhiⁿ-ka tʰaⁿ a-shi-ti hi i-ya-we (kásaniáti e
žįká tʰą ášitti hí iyáwe) - the next morning, that
little/young one went outside, they said [JOD]
► ex:
maⁿ-te kaⁿ-de ka-ba-xe i-ya-we, iⁿ-spe zhi-ka e i-oⁿ ka-ba-xe
i-ya-we (mątté-kkąde kabáγe iyáwe, į́spe žiká é iǫ́ kabáγe iyáwe)
- she chopped the canoe string/rope in two, they say, using the
hatchet she chopped the string/rope in two, they say [JOD]
► ex:
e maⁿ-te kʰe-ti o-hi-kniⁿ naⁿ kde (e mąté kʰettí ohíknį ną kdé)
- that/the canoe, she got into it and sat down, then headed home
[JOD]
► ex:
e hoⁿ-pe niⁿ-kʰe, hu-wa-ke ki-shoⁿ-i naⁿ, ka-hi-ke taⁿ-ka
e-zhiⁿ-ke knoⁿ-ke te (e hǫp͓é nįkʰé huwake kišǫ́i ną kahíke ttą́ka
ežį́ke knǫké tte) - that shoe, whoever it fits, Big Chief’s
son will marry her [JOD]
► ex:
ma-shtiⁿ-ke niⁿ e wa-naⁿ niⁿ (maštį́ke nį é waną nį) -
rabbit was singing it (the aforementioned) as he was moving along
[JOD]
► ex:
e e-ta taⁿ-ha kdi-ze a-taⁿ ti-a-ti kaⁿ a-kda-niⁿ de (é ettá tąhá
kdíze áttą ttíatti ką ákdanį́ dé) - because it was hers, she
took it (her own), she took it into the house [JOD]
► Dhegiha:
e (é) - he, she, that, that one, the afore-said, they,
it [JOD-Omaha]; e (e) - he, she, it, or that
[FL-Osage]; e (ée) - 3rd person emphatic or
contrastive pronoun (that one, that person, she/her, he/him; those
persons, them; this person or thing, the foregoing, she herself, he
himself, they themselves [CQ-Osage]; e (e),
’e (’e), (’ee) - that, those, be that, those [Kaw]
it is
►
a-kʰe (akʰé) - it is the one [JOD]
► ex:
de iⁿ-xo-wa-zhi hi naⁿ, de i-ye miⁿ-kʰe hi koⁿ-da a-kʰe (dé
įxowáži hí ną, dé íye mį́kʰe hi kǫdá akʰé) - this (one)
tells no lies, this (one) wants to tell/speak the truth, it is the
one [JOD]
►
e-tʰaⁿ-zhi (etʰą́ži) - it is not he [JOD]
► cf.
e-tʰaⁿ (etʰą́) - he was that [JOD]
► ex:
de haⁿ-ka e-zhiⁿ-ke e-tʰaⁿ-zhi hi e-de, e-zhi hi e-koⁿ,
ma-shtiⁿ-ke kaⁿ hi (de hą́ka ežį́ke etʰą́ži hí edé,
éži hí ekǫ́, maštį́ke ką hí) - surely this is not Haⁿ-ka’s
son, he’s different, sure enough looks like a rabbit [JOD]
►
e-te (etté) - so it is [JOD]
► ex:
miⁿ-da-kʰe de, e-te a-zhaⁿ (mį́dakʰe dé, etté ažą́) - I
think you are telling the truth [JOD]
it is misting
►
ni-zhi xo-ta hi-de tʰe (nižíxottá híde tʰe) - it is misting
► cf.
ni-zhi (niží) - rain, it is raining; ni-zhi xo-ta
(nižíxottá) - mist, drizzle; hi-de (híde) -
precipitate, as rain, snow; tʰe (tʰe) - the
singular/standing/inanimate, collective/inanimate, the act
► Dhegiha:
ni-zhiu xo-dse (ni-zhiú xo-dse) - gray rain, drizzle
[FL-Osage]; ni-zhu xo-ʰtaⁿ (níižu xóʰtą) - drizzle,
mist, fine raindrops, lit., “small rain” [CQ-Osage];
nu-zho-xo-ta (nuzhóxota) - sprinkle, fine rain mixed with
snow [Kaw]
► Dhegiha:
hiu-the (hiú-the) - to cause to come [FL-Osage];
hu-the (húðe) - relating to weather, coming down,
falling; cause to come here, send here, hand over, hand to, pass to
by hand or other means, come here [CQ-Osage]; hu-ye (húye)
- relating to weather: blowing, precipitating [Kaw]
it is raining
►
ni-zhi (niží) - rain, it is raining
►
ni-zhi (niží) - rain [MS, AB, AG, OM]
►
ni-zhi (ní˙ži) - rain [FS]
► ex:
ni-zhi tʰe (niží tʰe) - the rain
► ex:
ni-zhi te (niží-tte) - it will rain
► ex:
ni-zhi te (niží tte) - it’s going to rain [OM]
► ex:
jhi-e ni-zhi shkoⁿ-ta (jhíe niží škǫttá) - do you want
the rain? [AG]
► ex:
ni-zhi koⁿ-da niⁿ-kʰe (niží kǫdá nįkʰé) - they want rain
[MS]
► Dhegiha:
na-zhiⁿ (nazhíⁿ) - rain, to rain [Omaha/Ponca];
noⁿ-zhi (noⁿzhiⁿ) - rain [Omaha]; ni-zhiu (ni-zhiú)
- rain [FL-Osage]; ni-zhu (níižu) - rain [CQ-Osage];
ni-zhu (nizhú), nu-zhu (nuzhú) - rain
[Kaw]
it is said
►
i-ya (iyá) - “it is said” or “they say”, quotative, hearsay
evidential
► cf.
i-ye (íye) - word, talk, speak; i-ye (iyé)
- quotative, non-hearsay evidential; i-ye (iyé), i-e (ié)
- say; i-ya-zhi (íyaži) - he/she spoke not [JOD];
i-ye-ye (iyéye) - to have spoken; i-yi-ya (iyíya)
- to have said, “i-é + ye”; i-yi i-ya (iyí iyá) - “it
is said he said,” used in myths, quotative embedded
► ex:
k’iⁿ kʰi-taⁿ a-shi-ti i-tʰe-de naⁿ i-ya (kʔį́ kʰíttą ášitti
itʰéde ną iyá) - when he reached home carrying (the meat) on
his back, he piled it outside (the lodge), it is said
► ex:
wi-e-hoⁿ t’e-aⁿ-da-we i-da-hoⁿ-bde i-ye tʰaⁿ i-ya (wíehǫ
tʔeą́dawé idáhǫbde iyé tʰą iyá) - he said, “me too, they
killed me, I dreamed that,” it is said (they say) [JOD]
► ex:
“wi-taⁿ-niⁿ hi wa-te-paⁿ ta miⁿ-kʰe, e-ti-tʰaⁿ o-kda-x’a-x’a-we
ka,” i-we-ke i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke tʰaⁿ (“wíttąnį hi wattéppą́ tta mįkʰé,
ettítʰą okdáxʔaxʔá-we ká,” iwéke iyá maštį́ke tʰą) -
“I will give the attack cry first, immediately afterward you must
give the scalp yell!” the rabbit said to them, it is said (they say)
[JOD]
► ex:
hoⁿ-tʰaⁿ-hi ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-ti kniⁿ niⁿ-kʰe i-ya (hǫ́tʰąhi maštį́ke
étti knį́ niⁿkʰe iyá) - then the rabbit sat there, it is
said (they say) [JOD]
► ex:
e-shoⁿ, “hoⁿ da-tʰaⁿ-she,” i-ke-ya-we i-ya (ešǫ́, “hǫ́ datʰą́še,”
íkeyáwe iyá) - then, the others said to him, “what is the
matter with you?” it is said [JOD]
► ex:
i-we-ke i-ya (iwéke iyá), i-we-ki i-ya (iwéki iyá)
- he/she said to them, it is said (they say) [JOD]
► ex: “wi-taⁿ-niⁿ
hi wa-te-paⁿ ta miⁿ-kʰe, e-ti-tʰaⁿ o-kda-x’a-x’a-we
ka!” i-we-ke i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke tʰaⁿ (wíttąnį hi
wattéppą́ tta mįkʰé ettítʰą okdáxʔaxʔá-we ká iwéke iyá maštį́ke tʰą)
- “I will give the attack cry first, immediately afterward you must
give the scalp yell,” the rabbit said to them, it is said (they say)
[JOD]
► ex:
i-we-ki niⁿ i-ya (iwéki nį́ iyá) - he was saying it to
them-it is said [JOD]
►
i-yi i-ya (iyí iyá) - “it is said he said,” used in myths,
quotative embedded
► cf.
i-ya (iyá) - “it is said” or “they say”, quotative,
hearsay evidential; i-ye (íye) - word, talk, speak;
i-ye (iyé) - quotative, non-hearsay evidential;
i-ye (iyé), i-e (ié) - say; i-ya-zhi (íyaži) -
he/she spoke not [JOD]; i-ye-ye (iyéye) - to have
spoken; i-yi-ya (iyíya) - to have said, “i-é + ye”
► ex:
“wi-te-ke ni-ka-shi-ka zho-hi hi shkoⁿ-wa-da-we,” i-yi i-ya
ma-shtiⁿ-ke niⁿ-kʰe (“wítteke níkkašíka žóhi hi škǫ́wadáwe,” iyí iyá
maštį́ke niⁿkʰe) - “my uncle, many people are here and will
dislodge us,” said the rabbit, they say [JOD]
► ex:
“pʰi a-ni-he,” i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“pʰi ánihé,” iyí iyá
maštį́ke) - so I have been coming here, replied the rabbit,
they say [JOD]
► ex:
“ma-shtiⁿ-ke, hoⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ da-xa-ke e,” i-yi i-ya wa-sa niⁿ-kʰe
(“maštį́ke, hǫnį́ttą daγáke e,” iyí iyá wasá nįkʰé) -
“rabbit, why are you crying?” said the bear, it is said (they say)
[JOD]
► ex:
“hau, e-koⁿ te,” i-yi i-ya-we (“hau, ekǫ́ tte,” iyí iyáwe)
- he said, “yes, it will be like that,” they say; he said, “yes, so
shall it be,” they say [JOD]
► ex:
“aⁿ-da-tʰe te-a,” i-yi i-ya-we (“ądátʰe ttéǎ,” iyí iyáwe)
- she said, “let’s eat it,” they say [JOD]
► ex:
“a-ki kde te-a,” i-yi i-ya-we (“akí kde tteá,” iyí iyáwe)
- she said, “I will go again after it (to get it),” they say [JOD]
itch
►
da-x’i-x’i-ke (daxʔíxʔike) - itch one
►
aⁿ-da-x’i-x’i-ke (ą́daxʔíxʔike) - I’m,
di-da-x’i-x’i-ke (dídaxʔíxʔike) - you’re
►
di-x’i-x’i-da (dixʔíxʔida) - scratch an itch
►
bdi-x’i-x’i-da (bdíxʔixʔida) - I, ti-x’i-x’i-da
(ttíxʔixʔida) - you
►
ki-naⁿ-xʔi-de (kinąxʔide) - to scratch/itch oneself with the
foot
► ex:
ki-naⁿ-xʔi-de niⁿ-kʰe, shoⁿ-ke (kinąxʔide nįkʰé, šǫ́ke) -
scratching himself, the dog [MS]
► Dhegiha:
thi-’i-’i-tha (thi’í’itha) - tickle, to tickle someone
[Omaha/Ponca]; yu-k’i-k’i-ya (yuk’ík’iya) - scratch an
itch repeatedly, to tickle [Kaw]
► Dhegiha:
thi-ʰk’i-tha (thi-ḳ’í-tha) - to tickle [FL-Osage];
thi-k’i-the (ðikʔíðe), thi-k’i-e (ðikʔíe) - scratch,
tickle [CQ-Osage]; yu-k’i-ya (yuk’íya) - scratch an
itch once [Kaw]
► Dhegiha:
ki-’e (ki’é) - itch, scratch, hoe, to scratch oneself
[Omaha/Ponca]; ki-e (kie), gi-e (gie) -
scratch, itch [Omaha]; k’i-e (kʔíe), k’u-e (kʔúe)
- scratch an itch [CQ-Osage]; k’u-ya (k’úya) - itch,
have an itch [Kaw]
its
►
i-ta (ittá), e-ta (ettá) - his, hers, its,
alienable
► cf.
wi-ta (wítta) - my (alienable), mine; di-ta (dítta)
- your, yours, alienable; di-ta-we (díttawe) - your
plural, yours, alienable; i-ta-we (ittáwe), e-ta-we
(ettáwe) - their, theirs; oⁿ-ko-ta (ǫkótta) -
our, the two of ours, (dual); oⁿ-ko-ta-we (ǫkóttawe) -
our, ours (plural)
► ex:
ni-ka i-ta (níkka ittá) - husband, her man
► ex:
wa-x’o i-ta (waxʔó ittá) - wife, his woman
► ex:
shoⁿ-ke i-ta (šǫ́ke ittá) - his/her dog
► ex:
e e-ta taⁿ-ha kdi-ze a-taⁿ ti-a-ti kaⁿ a-kda-niⁿ de (é ettá tąhá
kdíze áttą ttiátti ką ákdanį́ dé) - it was hers-because-she
took her own-and-into the house-so-she carried her own [JOD]
► ex:
e sh’a-ke niⁿ-kʰe ki-ta-ni taⁿ e-zhaⁿ-ke e-ta taⁿ kaⁿ-tʰaⁿ (e
šʔáke nįkʰé kitáni tą ežą́ke ettá tą ką-tʰą́) - he, the old
man sat smoking, while his daughter stood [JOD]
► ex:
ti e-ta tʰe-ti ki (ttí ettá tʰétti kí) - he
arrived/returned to his lodge [JOD]
► ex:
iⁿ-da wi-te-ke e-ta-we di-da-tʰe ta-i-tʰe (įdá wítteke ettáwe
dídatʰé taitʰé) - my mother, my uncle, theirs (offspring),
they will eat you [JOD]
► ex:
wi-zhoⁿ-de wi-ti-to i-niⁿ-ha, shi-zhi-ka e-ta-we e-naⁿ-hi o-shte
ke, wi-e naⁿ-hi naⁿ-haⁿ e-ti miⁿ-kʰe (wižǫ́de wittítto inįhá, šižíka
ettáwe enąhí ošté ke, wíe nąhí nąhą́ ettí mįkʰé) - my elder
sister and elder brother, their children are all that is left, I am
the eldest [JOD]
► Dhegiha:
e-ta (eta) - his or her own [Omaha]; i-ʰta (i-ṭá)
- his or hers [FL-Osage]; i-ʰta (íʰta) - be his/hers,
theirs, belong to him/her, them [CQ-Osage]; i-ta (itá),
(íta) - his, her, hers, its, their(s); be one’s;
belong to [Kaw]
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