Quapaw Dictionary

English to Quapaw Dictionary
A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H-I-J-K-L-M-N-O-P-Q-R-S-T-U-V-W-X-Y-Z
Quapaw Sources	Dhegiha Sources

habitual - handsome handy - haw hawk - hides high - honor hoof - husband

hoof

► sha-ke (šáke) - claw, talon, hoof

► ex: wa-zhiⁿ-ka xo-we sha-ke (wažį́ka xówe šáke) - eagle claw [MS]

► ex: wa-zhiⁿ-ka sha-ke (wažį́ka šáke) - bird’s claw

► ex: wa-zhiⁿ-ka sha-ke to-te wa-naⁿ-‘iⁿ (wažį́ka šáke tótte waną́ʔį) - birds’ claw necklace

► ex: naⁿ-pe sha-ke (nąpé šáke) - fingernails [MS]

► ex: si-pa sha-ke (sippá šáke) - toenails [MS]

► Dhegiha: sha-ge (shage) - hoof, talon, claws, fingernails [Omaha]; sha-ge (shá-ge) - hands, paws, claws, talons [FL-Osage]; sha-ke (šáake) - hand, claw, handprint, footprint, tracks, hands of the body that are touched by the attendees when passing by it at a funeral, finger [CQ-Osage]; sha-ge (sháge) - claws, finger [Kaw]

► shoⁿ-ke-a-kniⁿ si (šǫ́keáknį si) - horse’s foot [MS]

► cf. shoⁿ-ke-a-kniⁿ (šǫ́keáknį) - horse; si (si) - foot

► Dhegiha: si sha-ge (síshage) - hoof, animals’ hoofs [Omaha/Ponca]; ʰka-wa si-ha (ḳá-wa-çi-ha) - hoof of a horse [FL-Osage]; si-ha (sihá) - hoof [Kaw]

► oⁿ-pʰoⁿ si (oⁿ́-pʰŭⁿ sí) - masculine of the (Kwapa) oⁿ-pʰoⁿ (oⁿpʰŭⁿ) gens: Elk Foot [JOD]

► cf. oⁿ-pʰaⁿ (ǫ́pʰą), oⁿ-pʰoⁿ (ǫ́pʰǫ), iⁿ-pʰoⁿ (įpʰǫ) - elk; si (si) - foot

hook on as when floating by

► i-ka-xa (íkaxa) - float up against, bump, hook on as when floating by ► aⁿ-naⁿ-ka-xa (ąną́kaxa) - I, i-di-ka-xa (ídikaxa) - you

► cf. ka-ha (kahá) - float

► Dhegiha: u-ga-ha (ugáha) - float, drift in water, adrift [Omaha]; u-ga-ha-ha (ugáhahá) - float, ripple, to float along in tiny ripples [Omaha/Ponca]; ga-ha-ha (ga-há-ha) - floating, swinging up and down to the rhythm of the waves [FL-Osage]; u-ga-ha-ha (u-gá-ha-ha) - floating about [FL-Osage]; ga-ha (gahá) - blown along, as by the wind [Kaw]

hook, fish hook

► wa-hi ko-ke (wahí kkóke) - fish hook, lit. “bent bone”

► cf. wa-hi (wahí) - bone; wa-hi ko-ke kaⁿ (wahí kkóke kką́) - fishing line

hooker

► wa-x’o wa-hoⁿ-ka zhi (uahŭ-uahunkajih) - whore, hooker (putain) [GI]

► cf. wa-x’o (waxʔó) - woman; wa-hoⁿ-ka-zhi (wáhǫkáži) - wild, crazy, ill behaved; wa-hoⁿ-ka (wáhǫká) - to be well behaved; zhi (ži) - not, negative, negation

hop

► he-shko-shke (héškoške) - hop ► a-he-shko-shke (ahéškoške) - I, da-he-shko-shke (dahéškoške) - you

► Dhegiha: he-shka-shka-thoⁿ (hé-shka-shka-thoⁿ) - hop [FL-Osage]

horizontal, in a lying position

► i-he (íhe) - horizontal, in a lying position

► cf. i-he-de (ihéde) - put a horizontal object; aⁿ-he (ą́he) - lay a long/inanimate object on something; oⁿ-he (ǫhé) - lay singular/lying/inanimate inside something, put

► ex: a-ka-zi i-he a-taⁿ di-ze (ákazi íhe áttą dizé) - to stretch out on an object and take something else

► ex: a-ka-zi i-he a-zhaⁿ-taⁿ bdi-ze (ákazi íhe ažą́ttą bdizé) - I stretch, etc.

zhoⁿ i-he (žǫ́ ihé) - be lying down

► Dhegiha: i-he (i-hé) - after verbs, to be placed or laid [JOD-Omaha]; i-he (ihé) - lying object acted upon, post-verbal [Kaw]

horizontal, put a horizontal inanimate object on a surface

► a-k’oⁿ-he (ákʔǫhe), a-k’aⁿ-he (ákʔąhe) - put a horizontal inanimate object on a surface ► a-a-k’oⁿ-he (áakʔǫhé) - I, a-da-k’oⁿ-he (ádakʔǫhé) - you, oⁿ-ka-k’oⁿ-ha-we (ǫkákʔǫhawé) - we

► cf. a (a) - on, upon; k’aⁿ-he (kʔą́he) - lay something down, to lay out; o-k’oⁿ-he (okʔǫ́he) - put a long object in something; a-ki-k’oⁿ-he i-tʰe-de (ákkikʔǫ́he itʰéde) - put horizontal (lying) things in a pile, here the first verb denotes the horizontality of the objects and the second the perpendicularity of the pile

► Dhegiha: a-k’oⁿ-he (ák’oⁿhe), a-k’o-he (ák’ohe) - lay something on top of something else [Kaw]; a-ku-k’o-he (ákuk’ohe) - lay one’s own object on a surface for one’s own benefit [Kaw]; a-gu-k’o-he (águk’ohe) - lay one’s own horizontal object on a surface; lay something on surface for someone [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: zhe-‘oⁿ-he (zhé’oⁿhe) - roast, to place a long object, such as an ear of corn, in front of the fire to roast [Omaha/Ponca]; k’oⁿ-he (kʔǫ́he) - lay into [CQ-Osage]; k’o-he (k’óhe) - lay down an inanimate object [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: u-ʰkoⁿ-he (ú-ḳ’óⁿ-he) - to place in a scabbard, to sheathe [FL-Osage]; o-k’oⁿ-he (ok’óⁿhe), o-k’o-he (ok’óhe) - put a lying inanimate object into something, as when putting a fork or spoon into a drawer [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: o-ʰki-k’oⁿ-he (oʰkíkʔǫhe) - interrupt, lit., “insert oneself into” [CQ-Osage]

horizontal, put a horizontal object

► i-he-de (ihéde) - put a horizontal object ► i-he-a-de (ihéade) - I, i-he-da-de (ihédade) - you

► cf. i-he (íhe) - horizontal, in a lying position; a-i-he-de (áihedé) - lay down a singular/lying/inanimate object; a-ka-spe i-he-de (ákaspe ihéde) - put a horizontal object on another to hold it down, e.g., a paper-weight; a-kʰaⁿ i-he-de (ákʰą ihéde) - turn and tip up as a board; a-ki-ki-kde i-he-de (ákkikkíkde ihéde) - put two long inanimate objects, e.g., books, planks, so their ends touch; a-ki-pa-t’o i-he-de (ákkippatʔo ihéde) - close off, stop up, clog, as in a traffic jam; a-toⁿ-wi-he-de (áttǫwihéde) - put horizontal object down carefully; di-ko-wiⁿ-xe i-he-de (dikkówįγe ihéde) - turn something long; kaⁿ i-he-de (ką ihéde), gaⁿ i-he-de (gą ihéde) - prone; na-xnaⁿ i-he-de (naxną́ ihéde) - hide someone’s singular/lying/inanimate object; pi i-he-de (ppi ihéde) - put down safely; so i-he-de (só ihéde) - cut lengthwise; shoⁿ i-he-de (šǫ́ ihéde) - bequeath, will, leave something

► ex: ni-ti ni i-he-de (nítti ní ihéde) - he laid it in the water [JOD]

► Dhegiha: i-he-the (í-hé-the) - to lay down a long object [FL-Osage]; i-he-the (i-hé-the) - to put a thing down, made to lie in death [FL-Osage]; i-he-ye (ihéye) - put down a singular, lying, inanimate object [Kaw]

horizontal, put a horizontal object on another to hold it down

► a-ka-spe i-he-de (ákaspe ihéde) - put a horizontal object on another to hold it down, e.g., a paper-weight ► a-ka-spi-he-a-de (ákaspihéade) - I, a-ka-spi-he-da-de (ákaspihédade) - you

► cf. a-ka-spe (ákaspe) - close, shut; cave in; i-he-de (ihéde) - put a horizontal object; a-ka-spa (ákaspá) - shut it!; a-ka-spi-naⁿ-de (ákaspiną́de) - put a squat, curvilinear object on another to hold it down, e.g., a stone; maⁿ-zi a-ka-spe (mą́azi ákaspe) - to cave in on, as a bank does; ti-ze a-ka-spe zhi-ka i-tʰe-de (ttižé ákaspe žíka itʰéde) - to shut the door a little

► Dhegiha: a-ga-spe (á-ga-çpe) - to cover up an object, the falling of something heavy on a person or a thing [FL-Osage]; a-ka-spe (akáaspe) - shade, blind, covering [CQ-Osage]; a-ka-spe (ákaaspe) - put over, put upon, cover as with cloth or blanket, cover with dirt as a grave, cover over, cover up [CQ-Osage]; a-ga-spe (ágaspe) - cover completely, concealing every part [Kaw]

horizontal, put horizontal (lying) things in a pile

► a-ki-k’oⁿ-he i-tʰe-de (ákkikʔǫ́he itʰéde) - put horizontal (lying) things in a pile; here the first verb denotes the horizontality of the objects and the second the perpendicularity of the pile

► cf. a-k’oⁿ-he (ákʔǫhe), a-k’aⁿ-he (ákʔąhe) - put a horizontal inanimate object on a surface; i-tʰe-de (itʰéde) - stand something up, sg/st/in; k’aⁿ-he (kʔą́he) - lay something down, to lay out; o-k’oⁿ-he (okʔǫ́he) - put a long object in something

► Dhegiha: a-ku-k’o-he (ákuk’ohe) - lay one’s own object on a surface for one’s own benefit [Kaw]; a-gu-k’o-he (águk’ohe) - lay one’s own horizontal object on a surface; lay something on surface for someone [Kaw]; a-k’oⁿ-he (ák’oⁿhe), a-k’o-he (ák’ohe) - lay something on top of something else [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: zhe-‘oⁿ-he (zhé’oⁿhe) - roast, to place a long object, such as an ear of corn, in front of the fire to roast [Omaha/Ponca]; k’oⁿ-he (kʔǫ́he) - lay into [CQ-Osage]; k’o-he (k’óhe) - lay down an inanimate object [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: u-ʰkoⁿ-he (ú-ḳ’óⁿ-he) - to place in a scabbard, to sheathe [FL-Osage]; o-k’oⁿ-he (ok’óⁿhe), o-k’o-he (ok’óhe) - put a lying inanimate object into something, as when putting a fork or spoon into a drawer [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: o-ʰki-k’oⁿ-he (oʰkíkʔǫhe) - interrupt, lit., “insert oneself into” [CQ-Osage]

horizontal, put horizontal object down carefully

► a-toⁿ-wi-he-de (áttǫwihéde) - put horizontal object down carefully

► cf. a-toⁿ-wi-naⁿ-de (áttǫwiną́de) - put down a si/in or cloth object; a-toⁿ-wi-tʰe-de (áttǫwitʰéde) - put st/in obj. down carefully; i-he-de (ihéde) - put a horizontal object

horn

► he (he) - horn, antler

► he (he˙) - horn, antler [FS]

► cf. ta-he (ttahé) - deer antlers; te-he (ttehé) - buffalo horns

► Dhegiha: he (he) - horn [Omaha/Ponca]; he (he) - horn, antler [Omaha]; he (he) - horn, antler [FL-Osage]; he (hé) - horn, cow or buffalo [CQ-Osage]; he (he) - antlers, horns [Kaw]

► he xo-we (he qúwĕ) - masculine name [JOD]

► cf. he (he) - horn, antler; xo-we (xówe) - sacred, holy

► Dhegiha: xu-be (xube) - hallowed, holy, wizard [Omaha]; xu-be (xúbe) - holy, supernatural power, sanctity [FL-Osage]; xo-pe (xópe) - sacred, consecrated, holy [CQ-Osage]

horn, Buffalo Horn

► te-he (ttehé) - buffalo horns

► te-he (te-hĕ́) - masculine name of the Kwapa Buffalo (?) gens; Buffalo Horn [JOD]

► cf. te (tte) - buffalo; he (he) - horn, antler; te-he ti-ke (ttehé ttíke) - buffalo horn spoon

► Dhegiha: te-he (téhe) - buffalo horn, spoon, so called because the Omahas and Poncas made them of buffalo horn [Omaha/Ponca]; ʰtse-he (ṭse-hé) - buffalo horn [FL-Osage]; ʰtse-he (ʰcehé) - buffalo horn(s) [CQ-Osage]; tse-he (cehé) - horn of the buffalo cow [Kaw]

horn, Buffalo horn spoon

► te-he ti-ke (ttehé ttíke) - buffalo horn spoon

► te-he ti-ke (tä hä tī kya) - buffalo horn spoon, from Louis Angel Tallchief [MH]

► cf. te-he (ttehé) - buffalo horns; ti-ke (ttíke) - cup, ladle made of horn, refers to clam shell spoon etymologically; ti-ke (ttíke) - dipper [MS]; ma-ze ti-ke (máze ttíke) - spoon, “iron spoon”; ti-ke ma-ni (ttíke máni) - clam

► Dhegiha: te-he (téhe) - spoon, so called because the Omahas and Poncas made them of buffalo horn [Omaha/Ponca]; te-he (tehe) - spoon, tablespoon, ladle [Omaha]; ʰtse-he-ʰku (ṭse-hé-ḳu) - a buffalo horn spoon [FL-Osage]; ʰtse-he zhiⁿ-a (ṭse-hé zhiⁿ-a) - a cup [FL-Osage]; ʰtse-he-ska (ʰcéheska) - cup [CQ-Osage]; ʰtse-he-zhiⁿ (ʰcéhežį) - cup, dish, dishes [CQ-Osage]; tse-he tsi-ho-ba (cehé cihóba) - horn ladle [Kaw]; tse-he-ta-shu (cehétashu) - cup or dipper made of horn [Kaw]

horn, Straight Horn

► he sa-ta (he sá-t͓a) - masculine name, Straight Horn [JOD]

► cf. he (he) - horn, antler; naⁿ-sa-ta (nąsátta) - stretch one’s legs, straighten

► Dhegiha: sa-da sáda) - stretched, straightened out, as an arm or leg [Omaha/Ponca]; sa-da (çá-da) - stiff, rigid, stiff jointed, stretched, stretch [FL-Osage]; sa-ta (sáta) - stiff, rigid, stiffened [CQ-Osage]; sa-da (sáda) - stiff, straightened out [Kaw]

horn, White Horned (animal) Walking

► he ska maⁿ-niⁿ (he ská maⁿ-niⁿ) - masculine name of the Kwapa te or Buffalo gens; White Horned (animal) Walking near by; 2nd name of Geo Redeagle [JOD]

► cf. he (he) - horn, antler; ska (ska) - white; maⁿ-niⁿ (mąnį́) - walk

► Dhegiha: he-ska-moⁿ-iⁿ (hé-çka-moⁿ-iⁿ) - White Horn Walks, male personal name, refers to the buck deer with white horns [FL-Osage]

horned owl

► iⁿ-tʰaⁿ (į́tʰą) - owl, horned owl [MS]

► cf. iⁿ-tʰaⁿ-hi (įtʰą́hi), iⁿ-tʰaⁿ-he (įtʰą́he) - owl fan; iⁿ-tʰaⁿ-hi (in taⁿ hē) - owl feather fan for brushing away evil in medicine tent in mescal (peyote) ceremony, from George Red Eagle [MH]; iⁿ-tʰaⁿ ha (įtʰą́ha) - owl skin with feathers on; iⁿ-taⁿ (į́ttą), iⁿ-tʰaⁿ (į́tʰą) - nighthawk, bullbat

► Dhegiha: iⁿ-chuⁿ suⁿ (iⁿchuⁿ çuⁿ) - snowy owl [Omaha]; i-toⁿ (í-toⁿ) - the horned owl, the horned owl figures in the tribal war rites of the Osage as a symbol [FL-Osage]; iⁿ-ʰtoⁿ (íⁿ-ṭoⁿ) - the snowy owl, white owl [FL-Osage]; i-ʰtoⁿ-zi-hi (í-ṭoⁿ-çi-hi) - the yellow owl [FL-Osage]; i-toⁿ-ska (í-toⁿ-çka) - the snowy owl [FL-Osage]; iⁿ-khaⁿ (íⁿkhaⁿ ), i-khaⁿ (íkhaⁿ), iⁿ-thaⁿ (íⁿthaⁿ) - owl [Kaw]; i-khaⁿ zi-hi (íkhaⁿ zíhi) - yellow owl, a small owl that stands about 8" [Kaw]; i-khaⁿ zhiⁿ-ga (íkhaⁿ zhíⁿga) - small gray horned owl [Kaw]; i-khaⁿ ska (íkhaⁿ skà) - white horned owl [Kaw]; i-khaⁿ xo-je zhiⁿ-ga (íkhaⁿ xóje zhíⁿga) - small gray horned owl [Kaw]

horned, great horned owl

► wa-po-ka he taⁿ (wappóka he ttą́) - owl, great horned, Bubo virginianus

► cf. wa-po-ka (wappóka) - owl; wa-po-ka wa-na-xe (wappóka wanáγe) - eared owl, Asio otus

► Dhegiha: pa-nu-hu he toⁿ e-goⁿ (panuhu hetoⁿegoⁿ) - horned owl [Omaha]; pa-na-hu (pánahu) - great owl, great horned owl, it is grey in the fall and white in the winter and spring, the males are the “horned” owls [Omaha/Ponca]

Horns (of young Elk) Becoming Visible

► he a-ka-t’iⁿ (he ák͓at’iⁿ) - masculine name, Horns (of young Elk) becoming Visible [JOD]

► cf. he (he) - horn, antler; a-ga-t’iⁿ (á-ga-t’iⁿ), a-ka-tiⁿ (á-k͓a-tiⁿ) - masculine name of the Kwapa oⁿ-pʰaⁿ (oⁿpʰŭⁿ) or Elk gens; Horns (of an elk) Spread out [JOD]

horse

► shoⁿ-ke a-kniⁿ (šǫ́keáknį) - horse, “dog + sit upon”

► shoⁿ-ke a-kniⁿ (šǫ́ke áknį) - horse [MS, AB, AG, OM]

► shoⁿ-ke a-kniⁿ (schiunkeh-aghenih) - horse (cheval) [GI]

► shoⁿ-ke a-kniⁿ (schiongaghenih) - mare (jument) [GI]

► cf. shoⁿ-ke (šǫ́ke) - dog; a-kniⁿ (aknį́) - sit on

► ex: shoⁿ-ke-a-kniⁿ di-ta (šǫ́keáknį dítta) - your horse

► ex: shoⁿ-ke-a-kniⁿ a-ni a-shi tʰaⁿ, i-bniⁿ-aⁿ (šǫ́keaknį áni áši tʰą́, íbnįą́) - I think the horse is standing on the hill

► ex: shoⁿ-ke-a-kniⁿ ki-maⁿ-da-we (šǫkeáknį kímądawe) - they stole his horse

► ex: shoⁿ-ke-a-kniⁿ di-ta da-ki-shkoⁿ-ta e (šǫkeáknį dítta dakíškǫtta e) - do you want your own horse?

► ex: jhi-e shoⁿ-ke-a-kniⁿ a-tiⁿ ni-she (ǰíe šǫ́keáknį attį́ nišé) - have you got a horse? [AG]

► ex: wa-haⁿ-niⁿ-ke taⁿ o-pi-zhi kʰe kdi-a-ze naⁿ shoⁿ-ke-a-kniⁿ kde-zhe hi naⁿ-ta-ta-xe ka-xe tʰi na-zhiⁿ ka-xe (wahą́nįké tą óppiži kʰe kdiáze ną šǫ́keáknį kdežé hi nątatáxe káγe tʰí nažį́ káγe) - when the orphan opened her box a spotted horse came (was made to come, appear), standing there making noises with his feet [JOD]

► Dhegiha: shoⁿ-ge a-gthiⁿ (shóⁿge ágthiⁿ) - to ride a horse [Omaha/Ponca]; shoⁿ-ge a-gthiⁿ (shoⁿge agthiⁿ) - horseback [Omaha]; ʰka-wa a-gthiⁿ (ḳa-wa a-gthiⁿ) - to ride horseback [FL-Osage]; ʰka-wa a-liⁿ (ʰkáwaalįį) - horseback, ride horseback, mounted on a horse [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: shoⁿ-ge (shóⁿ-ge) - horse [Omaha/Ponca]; shoⁿ-ge (shoⁿge) - horse [Omaha]; shoⁿ-ge (shóⁿ-ge) - dog or wolf [FL-Osage]; shoⁿ-ke (šǫ́ke) - dog, wolf [CQ-Osage]; shoⁿ-ge (shóⁿge) - horse [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ʰka-wa (ḳá-wa) - horse, nag, pony, this word is a corruption of the Spanish word for horse, caballo [FL-Osage]; ʰka-wa (ʰkáwa) - horse, pony [CQ-Osage]; ka-wa (káwa), ka-wa-e (kawáe), ka-wa-ye (kawáye) - horse, a borrowing from Spanish caballo, the “ancient” (older) word is shoⁿ-ge (shóⁿge), both words were commonly used [Kaw]

horse fly

► zhoⁿ-kde-shka (žǫkdéška) - horse fly

► Dhegiha: zhoⁿ-gthi-shka (zhóⁿ-gthi-shka) - horsefly [FL-Osage]

horse stable

► shoⁿ-ke-a-kniⁿ o-ti (šǫ́keáknį ottí) - stable, barn, “house for horses”

► cf. shoⁿ-ke a-kniⁿ (šǫ́ke áknį) - horse; o-ti (ottí) - house for, house of, house to

► Dhegiha: shoⁿ-ge ti (shoⁿge ti) - horse barn [Omaha]; ʰka-wa ʰtsi (ḳá-wa ṭsi) - stable [FL-Osage]; shoⁿ-ge tsi (shóⁿge cí) - barn, stable [Kaw]

horse, black horse

► shoⁿ-ke a-kniⁿ sa (šǫ́ke áknį sa) - black horse [MS]

► cf. shoⁿ-ke a-kniⁿ (šǫ́ke áknį) - horse; sa (sa) - black

► Dhegiha: sa-be (sábe) - black, black for a nearby object [Omaha/Ponca]; sa-be (çábe) - black [Omaha]; sa-be (çá-be) - black [FL-Osage]; sa (sa), sa-pe (sápe) - black [CQ-Osage]; sa-be (sábe) - black [Kaw]

horse, colt

► shoⁿ-ke a-kniⁿ zhi-ka (šǫ́keáknį žiká) - colt

► cf. shoⁿ-ke a-kniⁿ (šǫ́keáknį) - horse; zhi-ka (žiká) - small, little, young

► Dhegiha: shoⁿ zhiⁿ-ga (shóⁿzhiⁿga) - colt [Omaha/Ponca]; ʰka-wa zhiⁿ-ga (ḳá-wa zhiⁿ-ga) - little horse, a colt, a pony [FL-Osage]; ka-wa zhiⁿ-ga (káwa zhíⁿga) - colt [Kaw]

horse, hobble as a horse

► he-koⁿ-kde kʰi-de (hekkǫ́kdekʰíde) - hobble as a horse ► he-koⁿ-kde a-kʰi-de (hekkǫ́kde akʰide) - I, he-koⁿ-kde da-kʰi-de (hekkǫ́kde dakʰide) - you

► cf. he-koⁿ-kde (hekkǫ́kde) - hobble along; kʰi-de (kʰíde) - cause to; he-koⁿ-kde ka-xe (hekkǫ́kde káγe) - hobble; i-hi-kaⁿ-kde (íhikką́kde) - hobbles; hi-ko-xa-ni-ka (híkkoxaníkka) - back of leg joint; hi di-ko (hi díkko) - lame, springhalt, be lame (horses)

► Dhegiha: hi-ʰkoⁿ-i-thi-ze (hí-ḳoⁿ-i-thi-çe) - to hobble [FL-Osage]; hi-ʰkoⁿ-a-se (hí-ḳoⁿ-a-çe) - to fetter a horse [FL-Osage]; hi-kaⁿ-a-se (híkaⁿàse) - hobbles; straps or loops placed around the legs to restrain horses [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: hi-ʰkoⁿ (hí-ḳoⁿ) - ankles [FL-Osage]; hi-ʰkaⁿ (híiʰką) - ankle [CQ-Osage]; hu-kaⁿ yu-shoⁿ (húkaⁿ yushóⁿ) - ankle [Kaw]

horse, make a horse prance

► zha-koi-naⁿ-na ka-xe (žakkóinąną́ kaγé) - make a horse prance

► cf. zha-ka i-naⁿ-naⁿ (žakká iną́ną), zha-koi-naⁿ-naⁿ (žakkoinąną) - jump, make sudden leaps; i-naⁿ-naⁿ (iną́ną) - unsteady, ungainly; ka-xe (káγe) - make, do, cause; zha-koi-de (žakkóide), (žakoide) - jump; zha-ka i-de (žákka íde), zha-koi-de (žakóide) - jump a rope

► ex: o-za taⁿ maⁿ-shi zha-koi-de taⁿ (óža tą mą́ši žakóide tą) - when he danced, he leaped high [JOD]

horse, mare

► shoⁿ-ke a-kniⁿ wa-x’o (šǫ́keáknį waxʔó) - mare

► cf. shoⁿ-ke a-kniⁿ (šǫ́ke áknį) - horse; wa-x’o (waxʔó) - woman, also female animal

► Dhegiha: shoⁿ-ge miⁿ-ga (shóⁿge míⁿga) - mare, female horse [Omaha/Ponca]; shoⁿ-ge mi-ga (shoⁿge miga) - mare [Omaha]; ʰka-wa mi-ga (ḳá-wa mi-ga) - female horse, a mare [FL-Osage]; shoⁿ-ge miⁿ-ga (shóⁿgemiⁿga) - mare [Kaw]

horse, paw the ground as a dog or horse

► wa-ka-k’o (wakákʔo) - paw the ground, as dog or horse

► cf. we-ka-k’o (wékakʔo) - flesher for hides; we-ba-k’o (wébakʔo) - scraper or flesher for hides; di-k’o (dikʔó) - dig with knife, spade or paws

► Dhegiha: we-ga-’u (wéga’u) - of ga-’u (ga’u), a scraper used in fleshing a hide, by pulling or scraping towards the operator [Omaha/Ponca]; we-ga-ʰk’u (wé-ga-ḳ’u) - skin scraper [FL-Osage]; ga-k’u (ga-ḳ’u) - scrape [FL-Osage]; we-ga-k’o (wégak’o) - scraper, flesher for hides [Kaw]; ga-k’o (gak’ó) - to paw away the earth or snow, as horses do; scrape off, as snow, with an instrument, as a hoe or ax [Kaw]

horse, shy away as horses

► naⁿ-zaⁿ-zaⁿ-te (ną́zązą́tte) - shy away as horses

horse, spinal prominence, vertebra near the nape of a horse’s neck

► ta-i-ta-kde (ttáittákde) - spinal prominence, vertebra near the nape of a horse’s neck

► cf. ta-i-ta (ttáittá) - neck

► Dhegiha: ta-i-u-gthe (táiúgthe) - neck bone, bone in the lower back of the neck, into which the spine fits [Omaha/Ponca]; ta-i u-gthe (tai úgthe) - hollow at the nape of the neck [Omaha]; ta-i-a-ta (taiáta) - at or near the back of the head [Omaha/Ponca]

► Dhegiha: ta-i (tái) - back of the head, from the parting of the hair on the crown to the neck [Omaha/Ponca]; ta-i (taí) - back of the head [Omaha]; ʰta-hiu (ṭá-hiu) - nape of the neck, the neck [FL-Osage]; ʰta-hu (ʰtáhu) - neck [CQ-Osage]; ta-hu (táhu) - neck [Kaw]

horse, spotted horse

► shoⁿ-ke a-kniⁿ kde-zhe (šǫ́keáknį kdežé) - spotted horse [JOD]

► cf. shoⁿ-ke a-kniⁿ (šǫ́ke áknį) - horse; kde-zhe (kdežé) - spotted

► ex: wa-haⁿ-niⁿ-ke taⁿ o-pi-zhi kʰe kdi-a-ze naⁿ shoⁿ-ke-a-kniⁿ kde-zhe hi naⁿ-ta-ta-xe ka-xe tʰi na-zhiⁿ ka-xe (wahą́nįké tą óppiži kʰe kdiáze ną šǫ́keáknį kdežé hi nątatáxe káγe tʰí nažį́ káγe) - when the orphan opened her box a spotted horse came (was made to come, appear), standing there making noises with his feet [JOD]

► Dhegiha: gthe-zhe (gthezhé) - spotted, having spots in one place [Omaha/Ponca]; gthe-zhe (gthezhe) - speckled [Omaha]; gthe-zhe (gthe-zhé) - spotted [FL-Osage]; le-zhe (léže) - spotted, speckled, stippled [CQ-Osage]; le-zhe (lezhé) - spotted [Kaw]

horse, stallion, male horse

► shoⁿ ni-ka (šǫ níkka) - stallion, male horse

► ni-ka shoⁿ-ke-a-kniⁿ (nikkah-schundaghenih) - stallion, stud (étalon) [GI]

► cf. ni-ka (níkka) - man, male animal; in Kwapa, ni-ka (níkka) is sometimes used to denote a male animal, but in Omaha and Ponka it means, a male of the human race [JOD]

► Dhegiha: shoⁿ-ge shoⁿ-de u-tha-s’iⁿ (shóⁿge shóⁿde uthás’iⁿ) - stallion, “horse with scrotum and testicles” [Omaha/Ponca]; shoⁿ-ge nu-ga (shoⁿge nuga) - stallion [Omaha]; ʰka-wa do-ga (ḳá-wa do-ga) - stallion [FL-Osage]; shoⁿ-ge doⁿ-ga (shóⁿgedoⁿga) - stallion [Kaw]

horse, to ride upon one’s own horse

► shoⁿ-ke-a-kniⁿ a-ki-kniⁿ (šǫ́keáknį ákiknį) - riding upon one’s own horse [JOD] ► shoⁿ-ke-a-kniⁿ a-a-ki-kniⁿ (šǫ́keáknį áakíknį) - I, shoⁿ-ke-a-kniⁿ a-da-ki-kniⁿ (šǫ́keáknį ádakíknį) - you, shoⁿ-ke-a-kniⁿ a-ki-kniⁿ (šǫ́keáknį akíknį) - he/she

► cf. a-ki-kniⁿ (ákiknį) - to sit on one’s own [JOD]; kniⁿ (knį), kdiⁿ (kdį) - sit, be sitting be in a place, camp; a-kniⁿ (aknį́) - sit on; a-kniⁿ (áknį) - chair, seat; ki-kniⁿ (kíknį) - sit with reference to another; o-kniⁿ (oknį́) - sit in, dwell in, live in; o-ki-kniⁿ (okkíknį) - sit together, with one another; o-ki-kniⁿ (okiknį) - to sit in one’s own [JOD]

► ex: shoⁿ-ke-a-kniⁿ a-ki-kniⁿ aⁿ-taⁿ ba-ha-ha-ta ho-taⁿ kaⁿ-iⁿ de (šǫ́keáknį akíknį ą́tą baháhatta hóttą ką́į dé) - horse-she sat on her own-when-trotting-good-so-she went [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ shoⁿ-ke-a-kniⁿ tʰaⁿ-ta a-ki-kniⁿ taⁿ kaⁿ-iⁿ kde taⁿ hoⁿ-pe ki-di-shto-ta-wi (kóišǫ́ttą šǫ́keáknį tʰąttá ákiknį́ tą ką́į kdé tą hǫpé kidíštottáwi) - then-horse-to the std.-she sat on her own-when-just as she was starting home-when-shoe-they pulled it off from her [JOD]

► Dhegiha: a-gi-gthiⁿ (ágig¢iⁿ) - to sit on his own horse or chair [JOD-Omaha]; a-gi-gthiⁿ (á-gi-gthiⁿ) - ride one’s own, sit upon one’s own [FL-Osage]; a-gi-liⁿ (ágiliⁿ) - sit on one’s own [Kaw]

horse’s foot

► shoⁿ-ke a-kniⁿ si (šǫ́ke áknį si) - horse’s foot [MS]

► cf. shoⁿ-ke a-kniⁿ (šǫ́ke áknį) - horse; si (si) - foot

► Dhegiha: si sha-ge (síshage) - hoof, animals’ hoofs [Omaha/Ponca]; ʰka-wa si-ha (ḳá-wa-çi-ha) - hoof of a horse [FL-Osage]; si-ha (sihá) - hoof [Kaw]

hot

► ta-ka-te (tákkatte) - hot, to be hot ► aⁿ-ta-ka-te (ątákkatte) - I’m, di-ta-ka-te (dittákkatte) - you’re

► ta-ka-te (tákkatte) - hot [AG]

► ta-ka-te hi (tákkatte hí) - hot, very hot [MS]

► cf. ta (tá) - by extreme temperature; ka-te (kkátte) - hot, to be hot

► ex: ni-xo-te ta-ka-te (nixótte tákkatte) - hot ashes [JOD]

► ex: ta-ka-te a-shi-jhi (tákkatte ášiǰi) - is it hot outside? (hot outside?) [AG]

► ex: wa-jhi-ni mi ta-ka-te (waǰíni mi tákkatte) - hot white woman [AG]

► Dhegiha: na-ka-de (nákade) - heat [Omaha]; da-ʰka-dse (dá-ḳa-dse) - hot [FL-Osage]; ta-ʰka-tse (táaʰkace) - be hot to the touch, be warm, an object or a substance, or a person only in special circumstances, such as with fever, does not apply to weather [CQ-Osage]; da-ka-je (dákaje) - hot, as a person, stove [Kaw]

► ka-te (kkátte) - hot, to be hot ► aⁿ-ka-te (ą́kkatte) - I’m, di-ka-te (díkkatte) - you’re

► ka-te (kkátte) - hot [MS, OM]

► ka-te hi (kkátte hí) - hot, very hot [OM]

► cf. ta-ka-te (tákkatte) - hot, to be hot; zho-ka-te (žókkatte) - fever, to have a fever; sni-tʰe zho-ka-te (snítʰe žókkatte) - to have chills and fever

► ex: ka-te hi a-shi-ti (kkátte ášitti) - it’s awful hot outside [MS]

► Dhegiha: ʰka-tse (ʰkace) - heat, hot [CQ-Osage]

hot, make hot

► ta-ka-te ka-xe (tákkatte káγe) - heat something, make hot

► cf. ta-ka-te (tákkatte) - hot, to be hot; ka-xe (káγe) - make, do, cause

► Dhegiha: na-ka-de (nákade) - heat [Omaha]; da-ʰka-dse (dá-ḳa-dse) - hot [FL-Osage]; ta-ʰka-tse (táaʰkace) - be hot to the touch, be warm, an object or a substance, or a person only in special circumstances, such as with fever, does not apply to weather [CQ-Osage]; da-ka-je (dákaje) - hot, as a person, stove [Kaw]

hour

► wa-da (wadá) - hour, time, cent

► cf. wa-da miⁿ-naⁿ-naⁿ (wadá mį́nąną́) - hourly; ma-zhoⁿ wa-da (mažǫ́ wadá) - acre of land; wa-da zhi-ka (wadá žíka) - acre

► Dhegiha: wa-tha-wa (wathawa) - numbers, numerals, counting, census [Omaha]; wa-tha-wa (wa-thá-wa) - wa, the act of; tha-wa, to count: counting [FL-Osage]; wa-tha-wa (waðaáwa) - count, say numbers, counting, numbers [CQ-Osage]

hourly

► wa-da miⁿ naⁿ-naⁿ (wadá mį́nąną́) - hourly

► cf. wa-da (wadá) - hour, time; miⁿ naⁿ-naⁿ (mįną́ną) - by ones, one each, one apiece; miⁿ (mį) - one, a; naⁿ-naⁿ (-ną́ną), na-na (-naná) - distributive of numerals

► Dhegiha: wiⁿ-thoⁿ-thoⁿ (wíⁿthoⁿthóⁿ) - one each, by ones, one at a time, one here and there [Omaha/Ponca]; wiⁿ thoⁿ-thoⁿ (wiⁿthoⁿthoⁿ) - each [Omaha]; wiⁿ-thoⁿ-thoⁿ (wíⁿ-thoⁿ-thoⁿ) - one apiece, one by one, as one to each [FL-Osage]

house

► ti (tti) - house, tent, dwelling, lodge

► ti (tti) - house [MS, MR, AB]

► ti (tih) - house, hut, shack (maison, cabane) [GI]

► cf. ti-zhe (ttíže), (ttižé) - door, entrance to a lodge, door flap; ti ka-xe (ttíkaγé) - carpenter, “house maker”; ti o-zhaⁿ (ttí ožą́) - household, family, “those that sleep in the house”; wa-toⁿ-zhi ti (wattǫ́ži ttí) - store, “house where goods/merchandise are put/placed”; pe-te zhoⁿ-di-taⁿ-da ti (ppétte žǫ́dittą́da ttí) - train, lit. “fire wagon house”; i-ti (ítti) - home which is of, made by, made of; wa-hi-ska i-ti (wahíska ítti) - tent, canvas, “house of canvas/cloth”; o-ti (ottí) - house for, house of, house to; maⁿ-shi o-ki o-ti (mą́ši okkí ótti) - church, “house to talk above”; wa-pi-na o-ti (wappína ótti) - council house of a gens; shoⁿ-ke a-kniⁿ o-ti (šǫ́keáknį ottí) - stable, barn, “house for horses”

► ex: ti wi-ta (tti wítta) - my house [MS]

► ex: ti wi-ta ti da-tʰi koⁿ-bda zhi (tti wítta tti datʰí kkǫbdá ži) - I don’t want you coming around my house [MS]

► ex: hi-bde taⁿ, ti wi-ta ti da-tʰi koⁿ-bda zhi (hibdé tą, tti wítta tti datʰí kkǫbdá ži) - when I’m gone, don’t you come around my house [MS]

► ex: ti tʰe ha-naⁿ-ska e (tti tʰe hánąska e) - how big is the house?

► ex: a-ki-kniⁿ-xti ti tʰe-ti hi-we i-ya (ákkiknį́xti ttí tʰétti híwe iyá) - they went to the lodge, crowding together, sitting upon one another, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: ti de wi-k’i (tti dé wikʔí) - I give you this lodge [JOD]

► ex: aⁿ-da-ki-tiⁿ da-kdi naⁿ ti de wi-k’i te (ądákittį́ dakdí ną tti dé wikʔí tte) - when you have taken her (have her) for me and return here I will give you this lodge [JOD]

► ex: aⁿ-da-ki-tiⁿ da-kdi te koi-shoⁿ naⁿ ti de wi-k’i te (ądákittį dakdí tté kóišǫ́ ną ttí dé wikʔí tte) - when you bring her (my own) back to me, I will give you this lodge [JOD]

► ex: ti tʰe ki-k’i a-taⁿ i-de (ttí tʰe kikʔí áttą idé) - he gave his own lodge to him and departed [JOD]

► ex: iⁿ-kdaⁿ, be ti di-k’i niⁿ-haⁿ (įkdą́, be ttí dikʔí nįhą) - first son, who would give you a lodge [JOD]

► ex: ti aⁿ-k’i (ttí ąkʔí) - he gave a lodge to me [JOD]

► ex: ti aⁿ-k’i-we (ttí ąkʔíwe) - they have given the lodge to me [JOD]

► ex: ti xe-tʰe-ti ma-ni-ka di-ko-ko a-taⁿ e-ti o-kniⁿ naⁿ (ttí xetʰétti maníkka dikóko áttą étti oknį́ ną) - in the corner of the lodge, he (toad) digs out the dirt and lives there [JOD]

► ex: ti miⁿ-ti a-kʰi naⁿ (tti mį́tti akʰí ną) - when I arrive back to a lodge [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ ti tʰe-ti zho-kde kʰi (kóišǫ́ttą ttí tʰettí žókde kʰí) - then he arrived at the lodge with him [JOD]

► ex: ki-ha-ti ti maⁿ-tʰe kʰi-we (kihátti ttí mą́tʰe kʰíwe) - down below within the lodge, they arrived there [JOD]

► ex: ti koi-ke ni-xi-te ni-ka-we (ttí kóike niγítte nikáwe) - those lodges over there, those people are disobedient [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ ti o-do-ba-ki-xe di-xe naⁿ i-ya-we, ma-shtiⁿ-ke di-ze i-ya-we (kóišǫ́ttą tti odóbakíxe dixé ną iyáwe, maštį́ke dizé iyáwe) - then he chased the rabbit around in a circle within the lodge, and caught the rabbit, they say [JOD]

► ex: ti tʰe-ta da-kʰi taⁿ (ttí tʰettá dakʰí tą) - lodge-to the-you reach home-when [JOD]

► ex: e-shoⁿ ti tʰe-ta kʰi naⁿ i-ya (ešǫ́ ttí tʰétta kʰí ną iyá) - then, when he returned to his home, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: i-naⁿ-paⁿ te na-ha ti ke ni-xi-te ni-ka-we i-yi iya (ínąpą́ tté nahá tti ke niγítte nikáwe iyí iyá) - a second time she said, “do not go to those lodges, they are disobedient,” they say [JOD]

house fly

► haⁿ-t’e-ka (hą́tʔeka), hoⁿ-t’e-ka (hǫ́tʔeka), hoⁿ-te-ka (hǫtteka) - fly, house fly

► hoⁿ-t’e-ka (hǫ́tʔeka) - fly (house fly) [MS]

► cf. haⁿ-t’e-ka taⁿ-ka (hą́tʔeka ttą́ka), hoⁿ-te-ka taⁿ-ka (hǫ́tteka ttą́ka) - fly, blow fly

► Dhegiha: hoⁿ-t’e-ga (hóⁿt’ega) - fly, insect [Omaha/Ponca]; hoⁿ-t’e-ga (hoⁿt’ega) - house fly [Omaha]; hoⁿ-ʰtse-ga (hóⁿ-ṭse-ga) - common house fly [FL-Osage]; haⁿ-ʰtse-ka (hą́ʰceka) - fly, housefly [CQ-Osage]; haⁿ-tse-ga (háⁿcega) - fly, bull fly [Kaw]

house to talk above, church

► maⁿ-shi o-ki o-ti (mą́ši okkí ótti) - church, “house to talk above”

► mo-sho-ki (móšokki) - church, maⁿ-shi (mą́ši) + o-ki (okkí) [AG]

► cf. maⁿ-shi (mąší) - heaven, upper, upward, heaven, high, above; o-ki (okkí), o-ki-e (okkie), o-kye (okye), o-ke (okké) - speak, talk with one; o-ti (ottí) - house for, house of, house to; maⁿ-shi o-ki (mą́ši okkí) - Christian, “talks on high”

► ex: maⁿ-shi o-ki niⁿ-kʰe (mą́ši okkí nįkʰé) - pray (he/she is praying) [MS]

house, ceiling of a house

► sa-ti o-kdaⁿ (sátti ókdą) - ceiling of a house

► sa-ti o-knaⁿ (sátti ókną) - rafter [JOD]

► cf. o-knaⁿ (okną́), o-kdaⁿ (ókdą) - put into; sa-ti o-kdaⁿ oⁿ-he (sátti ókdą ǫhé) - joists, cross timbers of house

house, clean out the house

► i-ti-ze (íttize) - clean out the house ► i-da-ti-ze (idáttize) - I, i-da-ti-ze (ídattize) - you

► cf. kda-ti-ze (kdattíze) - sweep out one’s house; i-ki-ti-ze (íkittize) - leave, abandon one’s own; ka-ti-ze (kattíze), ka-tʰi-ze (katʰíze) - knock, sweep, brush away; we-ka-ti-ze (wékattíze) - broom; ba-ti-ze (battíze), ba-tʰi-ze (batʰíze) - move something by pushing; bi-ti-ze (bittíze) - move something by pressing/blowing; di-ti-ze (dittíze) - move by pulling something; ki-pa-ti-ze (kíppattíze) - move one’s possession by pushing; ki-kdi-ti-ze (kkíkdittíze) - move something for one’s own benefit; naⁿ-ti-ze (nąttíze) - kick along, move something with feet; po-ti-ze (póttize), po-tʰi-ze (pótʰize) - move something by punch-/shooting

► Dhegiha: thi-dsi-ze (thi-dsí-çe) - remove from office (strictly speaking means ‘remove’ only, no mention of office [FL-Osage]; thi-tsi-ze (ðicíze) - dust or clean e.g., the house, move, remove, take away [CQ-Osage]

house, council house of a gens

► wa-pi-na o-ti (wappína ótti), wa-pi-no-ti (wappínótti) - council house of a gens

► cf. wa-pi-na (wappína) - chief of a gens (clan); wa-pi-na (wapína) - one who tells about old ways, ka-hi-ke ste-te (kahike stete), naⁿ-ka to (nanka tu), ka-ni zhi-ka (kani jika) only ones now [JOD]; o-ti (ottí) - house for, house of, house to; shoⁿ-ke-a-kniⁿ o-ti (šǫ́keáknį ottí) - stable, barn, “house for horses”; maⁿ-shi o-ki o-ti (mą́ši okkí ótti) - church, “house to talk above”; wa-pi-na o-ti (wappína ótti) - council house of a gens

house, cross timbers of house, joists

► sa-ti o-kdaⁿ oⁿ-he (sátti ókdą ǫhé) - joists, cross timbers of house

► cf. sa-ti o-kdaⁿ (sátti ókdą) - ceiling of a house; oⁿ-he (ǫhé) - lay sg/ly/in inside something, put

house, doorway of a house

► ti o-ba-he (tti óbahe) - doorway of a house

► cf. ti (tti) - house, tent, dwelling

► Dhegiha: u-ba-he (ubáhe) - boundry, border [Omaha]; ʰtsi u-ba-he (ṭsi-ú-ba-he) - wall of a room or the side of a house [FL-Osage]

house, enter a lodge/house

► o-pʰe (opʰé) - enter, as a lodge ► o-a-pʰe (oápʰe) - I, o-da-pʰe (odápʰe) - you, oⁿ-ko-pa-we (ǫkóPawe) - we

► Dhegiha: u-pe (upé) - entering [JOD-Omaha]; u-ʰpe (u-p̣é) - to enter [FL-Osage]; o-ʰpe (oʰpé) - enter or go in/into, enter formally as into a peyote meeting [CQ-Osage]

house, his/her/it’s house

► ti i-ta (tti ittá) - his/her/it’s house ► ti wi-ta (tti wítta) - my, ti di-ta (tti dítta) - your, ti di-ta-we (tti díttawe) - your plural, you’all’s, ti i-ta-we (tti ittáwe), ti e-ta-we (tti ettáwe) - their, theirs, ti oⁿ-ko-ta (tti ǫkótta) - our, the two of ours, (dual); ti oⁿ-ko-ta-we (tti ǫkóttawe) - our, ours (plural)

► cf. ti (tti) - house, tent, dwelling, lodge; i-ta (ittá), e-ta (ettá) - his, hers, its

► ex: ti wi-ta (tti wítta) - my house [MS]

► ex: ti wi-ta ti da-tʰi koⁿ-bda zhi (tti wítta tti datʰí kkǫbdá ži) - I don’t want you coming around my house [MS]

► ex: hi-bde taⁿ, ti wi-ta ti da-tʰi koⁿ-bda zhi (hibdé tą, tti wítta tti datʰí kkǫbdá ži) - when I’m gone, don’t you come around my house [MS]

house, into the house, in the house

► ti-a-ti (ttiátti) - in the house, into the house

► ex: ti-a-ti (ttiátti) - in the lodge, into the house [JOD]

► ex: ti-a-ti kda (ttíatti kdá) - go in the house! [MS]

► ex: ti-a-ti o-ka-xnaⁿ-xnaⁿ (ttiátti ókaxnąxną́) - different articles in the lodge [JOD]

► ex: e e-ta taⁿ-ha kdi-ze a-taⁿ ti-a-ti kaⁿ a-kda-niⁿ de (é ettá tąhá kdíze áttą ttiátti ką ákdanį́ dé) - it was hers-because-she took her own-and-into the house-so-she carried her own [JOD]

► ex: to-si a o-doⁿ-de a-taⁿ ti-a-ti a-niⁿ kdi (tosí a odǫ́de [oną́de] áttą ttiátti anį́ kdi) - under the arms-he locked arms-and-to the lodge-he brought her back [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ti-a-di (tíadi) - in house, in the house or lodge [Omaha/Ponca]; ti-a-di (tíadi) - inside a house [Omaha]

house, plaster a house

► a-bi-shta (ábišta) - plaster a house ► a-pi-shta (áppišta) - I, a-shpi-shta (ášpišta) - you

► cf. a (a) on, upon; bi (bi) - by pressing, rubbing; shta (šta) - smooth, bald, bare; ba-shta (baštá) - smoothe, sand, plane; di-shta (dištá) - smoothe, plane, sand

► Dhegiha: a-bi-zhna-be (ábizhnábe) - spread, plaster, spread as plaster on a wall [Omaha/Ponca]; ʰtsi a-bi-shta-be (ṭsi-á-bi-shta-be) - plaster for the coating of the walls of a house, the work of plastering a house [FL-Osage]

house, put house in order, clean up

► di-ki-ki-za (dikkíkkiza) - clean up, put house in order ► bdi-ki-ki-za (bdíkkikkíza) - I, ti-ki-ki-za (ttíkkikkíza) - you

► cf. di-ki-za (dikkíza) - clean up, put things away

house, room in a house

► ti a-naⁿ-se taⁿ (tti ánąsé ttą) - room in a house, “house enclosure” [JOD]

► cf. a-na-se-ta (ánasétta) - isthmus; naⁿ-za (ną́za) - fence

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ e ti tʰe-ta ki taⁿ ti a-naⁿ-se taⁿ kʰe-ta o-pi-zhi kʰe o-k’oⁿ-he (kóišǫ́ttą e ttí tʰétta kí tą tti ánąsé ttą kʰétta óppiži kʰe ókʔǫhé) - then when she returned to her house, she put the box in (her) room [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ni a-noⁿ-se (ní anoⁿçe) - dam, dike, close water [Omaha]; sa-gi a-noⁿ-se (çagi anoⁿçe) - seal [Omaha]; a-noⁿ-se (á-noⁿ-çe) - to surround, to cut off a retreat [FL-Osage]

house, school house

► wa-kaⁿ-ze ti (waką́ze tti) - school house, “teaching house” [MS]; Maude Supernaw gives two translations for school house, i-ka-zo-zo da-te (íkazózo daté) and wa-kaⁿ-ze ti (waką́ze tti), she says wa-kaⁿ-ze ti (waką́ze tti) is best

► cf. wa-kaⁿ-ze (waką́ze) - teacher; ti (tti) - house, tent, dwelling, lodge; kaⁿ-ze (kką́ze), koⁿ-ze (kkǫ́ze) - equal in; kaⁿ-ze (ką́ze), koⁿ-ze (kǫ́ze) - pretend, feign; ki-koⁿ-ze (kíkǫze), ki-kaⁿ-ze (kíkąze) - teach someone something; koⁿ-ze a-kaⁿ (kkǫ́ze áką) - similar, alike; koⁿ-ze a-kaⁿ-kʰi-de (kkǫ́ze ákąkʰíde) - treat the same, get even with; koⁿ-ze e-koⁿ a-zhi (kkǫ́ze ékǫ áži) - copy, write over again

► Dhegiha: wa-goⁿ-ze (wagóⁿze) - teacher, missionary [Omaha/Ponca]; wa-goⁿ-ze (wagoⁿçe) - minister, clergyman, educator, educate, teach, instruct [Omaha]; wa-goⁿ-ze (wa-goⁿ́-çe) - an instructor, a preceptor, a teacher, a preacher, to teach, to instruct, to preach [FL-Osage]; wa-koⁿ-ze (wakǫ́ze) - teach, teacher, minister [CQ-Osage]; wa-go-ze (wagóze) - teach, teacher [Kaw]

► i-ka-zo-zo da-te (íkazózo daté) - school, “read books” [MS]; Maude Supernaw gives two translations for school house, i-ka-zo-zo da-te (íkazózo daté) and wa-kaⁿ-ze ti (waką́ze tti), she says wa-kaⁿ-ze ti (waką́ze tti) is best

► cf. i-ka-zo-zo (íkazózo) - book, paper, letter; da-te (daté) - read aloud, call or name something; i-ka-zo (íkazo) - write, draw; i-ka-zo-ye (íkazóye) - to have written; i-ka-zo i-ka-xe (íkazo ikáγe) - pencil, writing instrument; i-ka-zo-zo (íkazózo) - book, paper, letter; i-ka-zo-zo (ika-zŭzŭ) - write (ecrire) [GI]; i-ka-zo-zo ka-xe (íkazózo káγe) - write a letter [JOD]; i-ka-zo-zo i-ka-xe (íkazózo ikáγe) - pen, writing instrument; i-ka-zo-zo i-koⁿ (i-kah-zŭzŭ-ikan) - cards, playing cards (cartes á jouer), “paper with which to gamble” [GI]; i-ka-zo-zo ka-xe kniⁿ (íkazózo káγe knį) - clerk, he who sits writing; i-ka-zo-zo ni (íkazózo ní) - ink; o-na-x’oⁿ i-ka-zo-zo (ónaxʔǫ íkazózo) - newspaper', lit. “paper that hears”

► Dhegiha: wa-le-ze [th]a-tse (waléze[ð]áace) - school, learning, class, reading, schooling, education, lit. “read books” [CQ-Osage]; wa-gthe-ze tha-dse (wa-gthé-çe tha-dse) - to read, to read to some one [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: tha-de (thadé) - call, name, speak, utter, pronounce [Omaha/Ponca]; tha-dse (tha-dsé) - to call as by name, to pronounce [FL-Osage]; tha-tse (ðaacé) - say, pronounce, read, call on someone's name, say the name of something or someone, call, define as, assign a name to something or someone, use a name for something or someone [CQ-Osage]; ya-je (yajé) - read, pronounce, to call by name [Kaw]

► i-ka-zo-zo ka-xe o-ti (íkazózo káγe ottí) - school, school house

► cf. i-ka-zo-zo (íkazózo) - book, paper, letter; ka-xe (káγe) - make, do, cause; o-ti (ottí) - house for, house of, house to; shoⁿ-ke-a-kniⁿ o-ti (šǫ́keáknį ottí) - stable, barn, “house for horses”; maⁿ-shi o-ki o-ti (mą́ši okkí ótti) - church, “house to talk above”; wa-pi-na o-ti (wappína ótti) - council house of a gens

► Dhegiha: ta-pu-ska ti (tapúçka ti) - school [Omaha]; ʰta-pu-ska tsi (ṭá-pu-çka tsi) - mission (school) house [FL-Osage]; ta-po-ska ʰtsi (taapóskaʰci) - schoolhouse [CQ-Osage]; ta-po-ska tsi (tapóska ci) - school [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: wa-ba-gthe-ze a-tha-di-ti (wabágtheçe athaditi) - school [Omaha]; wa-gthe-ze ʰtsi (wa-gthé-çe ṭsi) - school, a library, a house for books [FL-Osage]; wa-le-ze doⁿ-be tsi (waléze dòⁿbe cì) - school house [Kaw]; wa-le-ze [th]a-tse (waléze[ð]áace) - school, learning, class, reading, schooling, education, lit. “read books” [CQ-Osage]

house, sweep out one’s house

► kda-ti-ze (kdattíze) - sweep out one’s house ► a-kda-ti-ze (akdáttize) - I, da-kda-ti-ze (dakdáttize) - you

► cf. i-ti-ze (íttize) - clean out the house; we-ka-ti-ze (wékattíze) - broom; ka-ti-ze (kattíze), ka-tʰi-ze (katʰíze) - knock, sweep, brush away; ba-ti-ze (battíze), ba-tʰi-ze (batʰíze) - move something by pushing; bi-ti-ze (bittíze) - move something by pressing/blowing; di-ti-ze (dittíze) - move by pulling something; i-ki-ti-ze (íkittize) - leave, abandon one’s own; ki-pa-ti-ze (kíppattíze) - move one's possession by pushing; ki-kdi-ti-ze (kkíkdittíze) - move something for one’s own benefit; naⁿ-ti-ze (nąttíze) - kick along, move something with feet; po-ti-ze (póttize), po-tʰi-ze (pótʰize) - move something by punch-/shooting

► Dhegiha: thi-dsi-ze (thi-dsí-çe) - remove from office (strictly speaking means ‘remove’ only, no mention of office [FL-Osage]; thi-tsi-ze (ðicíze) - dust or clean e.g., the house, move, remove, take away [CQ-Osage]

house, white house

► ti ska (tti ská) - white house [MR]

► cf. ti (tti) - house, tent, dwelling, lodge; ska (ska) - white

household, family

► ti o-zhaⁿ (ttí ožą́) - household, family, “those that sleep in the house”

► cf. ti (tti) - house, tent, dwelling; zhaⁿ (žą), zhoⁿ (žǫ) - lie, recline, sleep; o-zhaⁿ wa-kniⁿ-zhi (óžą waknį́ži) - enemy (within the tribe), “a bad person to sleep among"

► Dhegiha: u-zhoⁿ ʰtsi (u-zhóⁿ-ṭsi) - a house in which to sleep, a dormitory [FL-Osage]; o-zhaⁿ (óžą) - lie abed, lie down, lie down in, bed, place one lies in [CQ-Osage]; ti u-zhi (tíuzhí) - household, family, all who live in a house or lodge together [Omaha/Ponca]; ti u-zhi (tiuzhi) - family, folks, generation of people [Omaha]; ʰtsi-wa-zhu (ṭsí-wa-zhu) - household family [FL-Osage]

household, head of a household

► ti wa-we-ta (ttí wawétta) - head of a household

household, move one’s household

► ti-di-ha (ttidíha) - move one’s household ► ti-bdi-ha (ttibdiha) - I, ti-ti-ha (ttittiha) - you

► cf. ki-kdi-ha (kkikdíha) - move one’s lodge a distance

► Dhegiha: thi-ha-ʰtsi (thi-há-ṭsi) - to remove a family from one place to another [FL-Osage]

housekeeping

► ti-kde (ttikdé) - to set housekeeping, to live together in same tent, village, collection of lodges

► ex: ti-kde ta bde (ttikdé tta bdé) - I’m going to my house [OM]

► ex: ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-kaⁿ naⁿ-pa ti-kde ni-kʰa naⁿ i-ya (maštį́ke eką́ ną́pa ttikdé nikʰa ną iyá) - rabbit and his grandmother, the both of them lived together, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: mi-ka ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-naⁿ-pa ti-kde ni-kʰa (mikká maštį́ke enąpa ttíkde nikʰá) - raccoon and rabbit both lived together [JOD]

► ex: wa-x’o to-wa ti-kde ni-kʰa naⁿ (waxʔó tówa ttíkde nikʰá ną) - four women were dwelling in a lodge [JOD]

► ex: ti-kda-wi (ttíkdawi) - they dwelt in a lodge [JOD]

► ex: ti-kde miⁿ ti kʰi (ttíkde mį́-tti kʰí) - he arrived at one lodge [JOD]

► ex: wa-sa ka-hi-ka niⁿ-kʰe a-ni koi-hi-de niⁿ-kʰe-ti ti-kde niⁿ-kʰe (wasá kahíke nįkʰé áni kóihidé-nįkʰétti ttíkde nįkʰé) - the black bear chief dwells in a lodge beyond yonder distant bluff [JOD]

► ex: e-ti a-shka hi ti-kde e-ti-tʰaⁿ-zhi e-te te (étti ašká hi ttíkde ettítʰąží étte tté) - I wonder, is there not a lodge very near [JOD]

► ex: i-shta-xe sh’a-ke e-ka-xnaⁿ niⁿ-kʰe e-naⁿ-pa ti-kda-wi (ištáxe šʔáke ekáxną nįkʰé enąp͓á ttíkdawí) - the frenchman and his wife, the both of them kept house’ (JOD)]

► ex: hoⁿ tʰe-ti ti-kde ke o-ka-ki-xe-xti zhe i-ya (hǫ tʰetti ttikdé ke okákixe-xti že iyá) - that very night he dunged all around the lodges, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: wa-sa ti-kde ke-ti hi taⁿ (wasá ttikdé ke-tti hi tą) - when he arrived to the black bear lodges [JOD]

► ex: wa-sa ti-kde ke-ti hi naⁿ (wasá ttikdé ke-tti hi ną) - when he arrived to the black bear village [JOD]

► ex: ti-kde-kde (ttíkdekde) - different lodges [JOD]

► ex: ti-kde-kde kʰe a-kde (ttíkdekde kʰe akdé ….) - I go home to the (line of standing) lodges

► Dhegiha: ti-gthe (tígthe) - to live/dwell in a lodge [Omaha/Ponca]; ti-gthe (tigthe) - home [Omaha]; ʰtsi-gthe (ṭsí-gthe) - to reside, to dwell, to set up and keep house [FL-Osage]; ʰtsi-le (ʰcíle) - live, reside, make a home, set up a household, set up housekeeping, house, home, family [CQ-Osage]

how are you doing?, what are you doing?

► ha-zhoⁿ (hažǫ) - what are you doing?, what did you do?, how are you doing?, “how/what-you do” [MS, AG, JOD]

► cf. ha (ha) - indefinite; ’oⁿ (ʔǫ), ’aⁿ (ʔą) - do, be, use

► ex: kʰa-ke, ha-zhoⁿ wi-ke (kʰaké, hažǫ́ wike) - younger brothers, what are you doing? [JOD]

► ex: iⁿ-kdaⁿ, ha-zhoⁿ ni-kʰe, i-ke (įkdą́, hažǫ́ nikʰé, iké) - first son-what you do?-you who sit-she said [JOD]

► ex: ha-zhoⁿ ta ni-she (háažǫ tta nišé) - what are you going to do with it? [MS]

► ex: ha-zhoⁿ shkoⁿ-ta (hážǫ škǫttá) - what do you want with it? [MS]

► ex: ha-zhoⁿ ni-she (hážǫ nišé) - how are you? (how are you doing?) [AG]

► ex: jhi-e ha-zhoⁿ ni-she (ǰíe hážǫ níšé) - how are you? (how are you doing?) [AG]

► Dhegiha: ha-zhoⁿ (há-zhoⁿ) - what are you doing?, what did you do? [FL-Osage]; ha-zhoⁿ (háažǫ) - what/how you do, what did you do with it?, what did you do about it?, how are you doing it?, whatever you do, do why, do what for [CQ-Osage]; ha-oⁿ (háaǫ) - do how, do however, do in whatever way, do what, do what with, do what about, do whatever with, do whatever [CQ-Osage]

how are you?

► hoⁿ ni-she (hǫ nišé) - how are you? [MS]

► cf. haⁿ (hą), hoⁿ (hǫ) - what, how, in what manner; ni-she (nišé) - 2sg continuative moving

► hoⁿ ni-kʰe (hǫ nikʰé) - how are you? [OM]

► cf. haⁿ (hą), hoⁿ (hǫ) - what, how, in what manner; ni-kʰe (nikʰé) - 2sg continuative sitting

► hoⁿ niⁿ-kʰe (hǫnįkʰé) - how are you?, greeting

► cf. haⁿ (hą), hoⁿ (hǫ) - what, how, in what manner; niⁿ-kʰe (nįkʰé) - continuative sitting; niⁿ-kʰe (nįkʰe) - 3sg continuative sitting

► hoⁿ da-tʰaⁿ-she (hǫ́ datʰą́še) - what is the matter with you? [JOD]

► cf. haⁿ (hą), hoⁿ (hǫ) - what, how, in what manner; da-tʰaⁿ-she (datʰą́še) - 2sg continuative standing

► hoⁿ žǫkʰé (hǫ žǫkʰé) - what is the matter with you? [JOD]

► cf. haⁿ (hą), hoⁿ (hǫ) - what, how, in what manner; zhaⁿ-kʰe (žąkʰé), zhoⁿ-kʰe (žǫkʰé) - continuative lying, reclining

how big (is) each

► ha-na-ska naⁿ-naⁿ (hánaska ną́ną) - how big (is) each

► cf. ha-na-ska (hánaská) - how big/small, what size; na-na (naná), naⁿ-naⁿ (ną́ną) - distributive of numerals; de-na-ska (denaská) - size, of this size; e-naⁿ-ska (enąska) - of a certain size; ka-na-ska (kanaská) - size, of that size; kaⁿ-ze a-na-ska (kką́ze ánaska) - of equal or like size; koi-na-ska (kóinaská) - size of that distant object; miⁿ-de-na-ska (mįdénaska) - half that size; she-na-ska (šenaská) - size, big enough, of that size

► ha-na-ska-ska (hánaskáska) - how big (is) each

► cf. ha-na-ska (hánaská) - how big/small, what size; ha-na-ska-ska hi-te (hánaskáska hitté) - whatever size, however big; de-na-ska (denaská) - size, of this size; e-naⁿ-ska (enąska) - of a certain size; ka-na-ska (kanaská) - size, of that size; kaⁿ-ze a-na-ska (kką́ze ánaska) - of equal or like size; koi-na-ska (kóinaská) - size of that distant object; miⁿ-de-na-ska (mįdénaska) - half that size; she-na-ska (šenaská) - size, big enough, of that size

how big or small, what size

► ha-na-ska (hánaská) - how big/small, what size

► cf. ha-na-ska-ska (hánaskáska) - how big (is) each; ha-na-ska naⁿ-naⁿ (hánaska ną́ną) - how big (is) each; ha-na-ska-ska hi-te (hánaskáska hitté) - whatever size, however big; de-na-ska (denaská) - size, of this size; e-naⁿ-ska (enąska) - size, of a certain; ka-na-ska (kanaská) - size, of that size; kaⁿ-ze a-na-ska (kką́ze ánaska) - size, of equal or like; koi-na-ska (kóinaská) - size of that distant object; miⁿ-de-na-ska (mįdénaska) - half that size; she-na-ska (šenaská) - size, big enough, of that size

► ex: ti tʰe ha-naⁿ-ska e (tti tʰe hánąska e) - how big is the house?

► Dhegiha: a-thoⁿ-ska (athoⁿçka) - size [Omaha]; ha-thoⁿ-ska (há-thoⁿ-çka) - size as measurement [FL-Osage]; ha-tha-skaⁿ (háaðaską) - how big, how small [CQ-Osage]; ha-yaⁿ-ska (háyaⁿska), ha-yoⁿ-ska (háyoⁿska) - how big, what size? [Kaw]

how deep

► a-tʰaⁿ-ha (atʰą́ha) - how deep

► cf. de-tʰaⁿ-ha (detʰą́ha) - deep, this much; kaⁿ-ze a-tʰaⁿ-ha (kką́ze átʰąha) - depth, equal or like; miⁿ-de-tʰaⁿ-ha (mįdétʰąha) - half that depth; she-tʰaⁿ-ha (šetʰą́ha) - deep enough, a certain depth

how do you get there

► ha-ki-wa-de-de (hákiwadede) - how do you get over there, which road, how do you go [MS]

► cf. ha-ki-de-de (hákidede) - where, which direction

how much, how many

► ha-naⁿ (haną́), ha-noⁿ (hanǫ́) - how much, how many

► ho-noⁿ (honǫ́) - how many, how much [OM]

► Dhegiha: ha-noⁿ (há-noⁿ) - how much or how many [FL-Osage]; ha-naⁿ (háaną) - how many, how much [CQ-Osage]; ha-naⁿ (hánaⁿ) - how many, how much [Kaw]

► ha-noⁿ-mu-shte (hánǫmušte) - how much, how many, -u- is unexplained, possibly “how many remain, how many are left”

► cf. ha-naⁿ (haną́), ha-noⁿ (hanǫ́) - how much, how many; o-shte (ošté) - remain, be left over

how possible

► ni-te naⁿ (nité ną) - how possible [JOD]

► ex: ni-ka-shi-ka maⁿ-shi e-ti ni-te naⁿ (níkkašíka mą́ši ettí nité ną) - human being-above-there-how possible [JOD]

► ex: maⁿ-shi ni-ka-shi-ka e-ti ni-te naⁿ (mą́ši níkkašíka ettí nité ną) - above-human being-there-how possible [JOD]

how tall, how high

► a-tʰaⁿ-ka (atʰąkká) - how tall, how high

► cf. de-tʰaⁿ-ka (detʰąkká), de-taⁿ-ka (dettąká) - tall, this (much); miⁿ-de-tʰaⁿ-ka (mįdétʰąká) - half that height; kaⁿ-ze a-tʰaⁿ-ka (kką́ze atʰąkká) - of equal height; she-tʰaⁿ-ka (šetʰąkká), she-taⁿ-ka (šettąká) - tall enough, a certain height

how, know how

► pi-aⁿ (ppią́) - know how, knew how [JOD]

► pi-’oⁿ (ppiʔǫ́) - do well, expresses precocity ► pi-moⁿ (ppímǫ) - I, shpi-zhoⁿ (špížǫ) - you

► cf. pi-naⁿ (ppíną), pi-noⁿ (ppínǫ)- do well at something precociously

► Dhegiha: pi-oⁿ (pioⁿ) - fix [Omaha]; pi-oⁿ (pi-óⁿ) - expert, skillful [FL-Osage]; ʰpi-oⁿ (ʰpíǫ) - know how to do something, learn, be skilled at or expert in [CQ-Osage]

► i-ba-haⁿ (íbahą), i-ba-hoⁿ (íbahǫ) - know how, recognize ► i-pa-haⁿ (íppahą) - I, i-shpa-haⁿ (íšpahą) - you, oⁿ-noⁿ-ba-haⁿ-we (ǫnǫbahąwe) - we

► cf. i-ba-haⁿ kʰi-de (íbahąkʰíde) - inform, cause to know; i-ba-hoⁿ ki-de (íbahǫ kíde) - teach me (to cause to know) [OM]

► ex: ha-ki i-da-we i-pa-haⁿ-zhi miⁿ-kʰe, i-yi (hakí idáwe íppahąží mįkʰé, iyí) - I don’t know where they have gone, she said [JOD]

► ex: e-che-zha, i-za-ni i-shpa-hoⁿ ni-kʰa-she (eččéža, ízaní íšpahǫ níkʰáše) - goodness, you all that understand [AG]

► ex: i-shpa-haⁿ-we a, e-te te (íšpahąwé a, étte tté) - do you’all know? I wonder. [JOD]

► ex: ha-t’e naⁿ di-sh’a i-ki-ba-haⁿ (hatʔé ną dišʔá íkibahą́) - he knew he would fail because of his sickness [JOD]

► ex: tʰi niⁿ i-ba-haⁿ-wi (tʰi nį́ íbahąwí) - they knew he was coming [JOD]

► ex: i-ki-ba-haⁿ-wi (íkibahąwí) - they knew it for themselves [JOD]

► Dhegiha: i-pa-hoⁿ (ípahoⁿ) - know how, to know how to do something [Omaha/Ponca]; i-ba-hoⁿ (íbahoⁿ) - know, to know a person or thing [Omaha/Ponca]; i-ba-hoⁿ (ibahoⁿ) - know [Omaha]; i-ba-hoⁿ (í-ba-hoⁿ) - to know [FL-Osage]; i-pa-hoⁿ (ípahǫ) - know, understand, know as a person, be acquainted with, recognize, know someone as being a certain way or a certain type of person, guess [CQ-Osage]; i-ba-hoⁿ (íbahoⁿ) - to know, understand [Kaw]

how, not to know how

► kaⁿ-zhi-ka (ką́žiká) - not to know how to do anything ► paⁿ-zhi-ka (ppą́žiká) - I, shkaⁿ-zhi-ka (šką́žiká) - you

► Dhegiha: goⁿ-zhi-ga (góⁿ-zhiⁿ-ga) - failure to do a thing for lack of skill, unskilled [FL-Osage]; koⁿ-zhiⁿ-ka (kǫ́žįka) - be unskilled at, not know how to [CQ-Osage]; go-zhiⁿ-ga (gózhiⁿga) - ignorant, not to know how to [Kaw]

how, what, in what manner

► haⁿ (hą), hoⁿ (hǫ) - what, how, in what manner

► cf. ha (ha) - indefinite; ’oⁿ (ʔǫ), ’aⁿ (ʔą) - do, be, use

► ex: haⁿ (hą) - what is the matter [JOD]

► ex: “hoⁿ-e ni-ka di-ta,” i-ke-a-we, “aⁿ-t’e,” i-yi (hǫ́e níkka dítta, ikeáwe, ątʔé, iyí) - “what is the matter/what happened with your man/husband,” they said to her, “dead to me (he died on me),” she said [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ-e (hǫ́e) - is that so? [OM]

► ex: kʰi naⁿ, “haⁿ wa-x’o di-ta di-t’e a-e (kʰí ną, “hą waxʔó dítta ditʔé ae”) - when he reached home, he was asked, “what is the matter with your woman/wife, is she dead (to you)?” [JOD]

► ex: haⁿ i-she (hą išé) - what did you say? [MS]

► ex: hoⁿ i-she naⁿ (hǫišé ną) - what do you usually say? [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ she (hǫ́ šé) - what did you say? [OM]

► ex: hoⁿ ni-she (hǫ nišé) - how are you? [MS]

► ex: hoⁿ ni-kʰe (hǫ nikʰé) - how are you? [OM]

► ex: e-shoⁿ, “hoⁿ da-tʰaⁿ-she,” i-ke-ya-we i-ya (ešǫ́, “hǫ́ datʰą́še,” íkeyáwe iyá) - then, the others said to him, “what is the matter with you?” it is said [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ žǫkʰé (hǫ žǫkʰé) - what is the matter with you who recline? [JOD]

how, why

► haⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ (hąnį́ttą), hoⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ (hǫnį́ttą) - why, how

► ex: “hoⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ za-ni t’e-a-wa-dai ni-hoⁿ,” i-ya-we i-ya wa-sa ke (“hǫnį́ttą zaní tʔeáwadaí nihǫ́,” iyáwe iyá wasá ke) - the black bears said, “how could anyone kill all of us?” it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ t’e-da-de ni-hoⁿ (hǫnį́ttą tʔédade nihǫ́) - how would it be possible for you to kill him? [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ shkoⁿ-aⁿ-de ni-hoⁿ i-yi i-ya wa-sa niⁿ-kʰe (hǫnį́ttą škǫ́ądé nihǫ́ iyí iyá wasá niⁿkʰe) - “how would it be possible for anyone to make me move?” said the black bear, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: haⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ pʰi-a-ki-de (hąnį́ttą pʰi-ákkidé) - how can I get myself there? (cause myself to reach there) [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ o-ho zhi da-tʰi taⁿ (hǫní̜ttą óho ži datʰí tą) - how come he (dog) doesn't bark when you come around? [MS]

► ex: hoⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ (hǫnį́ttą) - why [MS]

► ex: hoⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ te (hǫnį́ttą tté) - why you going? [MS]

► ex: “ma-shtiⁿ-ke hoⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ da-xa-ke e,” i-yi i-ya wa-sa niⁿ-kʰe (“maštį́ke hǫnį́ttą daγáke e,” iyí iyá wasá niⁿkʰe) - “rabbit, why are you crying?” said the bear, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: haⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ i-ti-bnaⁿ ni-kʰe (hąnį́ttą ittíbną nikʰé) - why/how are you satiated? [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ kdi-zhi (hǫnį́ttą kdíži) - why hasn’t he come back? [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ te ta ni-kʰe (hǫnį́ttą tté tta nikʰé) - why will you be going?, why are you going? [MS]

► ex: hoⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ toⁿ ti te ta ni-kʰe (hǫnį́ttą ttǫ tti tté tta nikʰé) - why you go to town?, why are you going to town? [MS]

► ex: shoⁿ-ke hoⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ o-ho tʰaⁿ (šǫ́ke hǫnį́ttą óho tʰą) - why is dog barking? [MS]

► ex: hoⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ shoⁿ-ke o-di-ho zhi (hǫnį́ttą šǫ́ke ódiho ži) - why didn’t dog bark at you? [MS]

► hoⁿ-tʰe (hǫ́tʰe), hoⁿ-te (hǫ́tte) - why, how

however

► e-hoⁿ (éhǫ) - however

however big

► ha-na-ska-ska hi-te (hánaskáska hitté) - whatever size, however big

► cf. ha-na-ska (hánaská) - how big/small, what size; ha-na-ska-ska (hánaskáska) - how big (is) each; hi-te (hitté) - indefinite prn., (what)-ever; i-te (-itté) - indefinite prn. marker, -ever; ha-na-ska naⁿ-naⁿ (hánaska ną́ną) - how big (is) each

► Dhegiha: a-thoⁿ-ska (athoⁿçka) - size [Omaha]; ha-thoⁿ-ska (há-thoⁿ-çka) - size as measurement [FL-Osage]; ha-tha-skaⁿ (háaðaską) - how big, how small [CQ-Osage]; ha-yaⁿ-ska (háyaⁿska), ha-yoⁿ-ska (háyoⁿska) - how big, what size? [Kaw]

however many

► ha-na-hi-te (hanáhitte) - a few, however many

► ha-na-i-te (haná itte) - however much or many

► ha-naⁿ-hi-de (haną́hide) - however many/much

► cf. ha-naⁿ (haną́), ha-noⁿ (hanǫ́) - how much, how many; hi-te (hitté) - indefinite prn., (what)-ever; i-te (-itté) - indefinite prn. marker, -ever

► Dhegiha: ha-noⁿ (há-noⁿ) - how much or how many [FL-Osage]; ha-naⁿ (háaną) - how many, how much [CQ-Osage]; ha-naⁿ (hánaⁿ) - how many, how much [Kaw]

hull, peel

► di-zho-de (dižóde) - hull, peel

► Dhegiha: thi-zhu (thizhu) - shell [Omaha]; thi-zhu-e (thí-zhu-e) - to hull, to take off the outer coating of grain, nuts, etc. [FL-Osage]; yu-zhu-we (yuzhówe) - hull nuts with the hands, to remove the hull or skin of any object with the hands; to hull walnuts, beans, hazelnuts, etc. when green, with the hands [Kaw]

hum

► ga-ho-taⁿ-de (gahóttąde), ka-ho-taⁿ-de (kahóttąde) - whirr, hum, roar ► ga-ho-taⁿ-a-de (gahóttąade) - I, ga-ho-taⁿ-da-de (gahóttądade) - you

► cf. ka (ka) - by striking, wind, water; ho-taⁿ (hóttą) - cry out, roar; de (de) - cause

► Dhegiha: hu tʰoⁿ (hútʰoⁿ) - to cry out, roar, bellow, said of the cries of all animals except humans and hogs [Omaha]; ho-ʰtoⁿ (hó-ṭoⁿ), hu-ʰtoⁿ (hu-ṭoⁿ) - the cry or call of animals or birds, roar [FL-Osage]; ho ʰtaⁿ (hóoʰtą) - yell, holler, shout, literally, “loud voice”, sing or sound out, make a loud sound, make animal sounds [CQ-Osage]; ho-taⁿ (hótaⁿ) - cry of an animal; an animal’s characteristic cry, a single term used to convey notions such as roar, bellow, whinny, caw, etc. [Kaw]

human being

► ni-ka-shi-ka (níkkašíka) - person, people, a man, human being, clan, gen

► ni-ka-shi-ka (níkkašíka) - people [MS, OM, AG]

► cf. ki-sto kniⁿ ni-ka-shi-ka (kistó knį́ níkkašíka) - U.S. Congress; ni-ka-shi-ka t’e (níkkašíka tʔé) - corpse of a person; ni-ka-shi-ka (nikkašíka), e-ni-ka-shi-ka (énikkašíka), i-ni-ka-shi-ka (iníkkašíka) - clan, gen

► ex: ni-ka-shi-ka miⁿ (níkkašíka mį́) - one person [JOD]

► ex: ni-ka-shi-ka-pa (níkkašikapa) - the (moving) people

► ex: shka-te shoⁿ-niⁿ naⁿ-zha ma-sa-ni-taⁿ ni-ka-shi-ka miⁿ ki-baⁿ hi-de (škátte šǫ-nį́ ną́ža másanítą níkkašíka mį́ kíbą híde) - after he had been playing awhile, a person called to him from the other side (of the river) [JOD]

► ex: ta-bde de tʰe taⁿ ni-ka-shi-ka miⁿ tʰi (tábde de tʰé tą níkkašíka mį tʰí) - when you went hunting a person came [JOD]

► ex: ni-ka-shi-ka wa-xpa-ni (níkkašíka waxpání) - poor people [MS]

► ex: ni-ka-shi-ka za-ni (níkkašíka zaní) - all the people [JOD]

► ex: ni-ka-shi-ka za-ni hi a-shi-ti kda-naⁿ-we i-ya (níkkašika zaní hi ášitti kdánąwe iyá) - all of the people went again from the interior of the hill, it is said

► ex: “kʰa-ke, ha-ki ni-ka-shi-ka e-ti niⁿ-kʰe,” i-yi (“kʰaké, hakí níkkašíka ettí nįkʰe,” iyí) - “younger brother, where is the human being?” said he [JOD]

► ex: “ha-ki ni-ka-shi-ka e-ti niⁿ, kʰa-ke,” i-ye (“hakí níkkašíka ettí nį, kʰaké,” íye) - “where is the human being, younger brother?” he said [JOD]

► ex: “ni-ka-shi-ka bnaⁿ a-ta-ha,” i-ya taⁿ pa o-di-bnaⁿ naⁿ kaⁿ-niⁿ-kʰe naⁿ i-ya-we (“níkkašíka bną́ attahá,” iyá tą ppá ódibną́ ną ką́-nįkʰé ną iyáwe) - as he sat awhile, he sniffed around with his nose, he said, “sure enough smells like a human being”, they say [JOD]

► ex: ni-ka-shi-ka maⁿ-shi e-ti ni-te naⁿ (níkkašíka mą́ši ettí nité ną) - human being-above-there-how possible [JOD]

► ex: maⁿ-shi ni-ka-shi-ka e-ti ni-te naⁿ (mą́ši níkkašíka ettí nité ną) - above-human being-there-how possible [JOD]

► ex: ni-ka-shi-ka wa-x’o o-do-hi-ki-de (níkkašíka waxʔó odóhikidé) - he made (caused her) to change into a female human being' (JOD)]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ i-ki-pʰe ki-ha naⁿ ni-ka-shi-ka zho-hi hi tʰi-naⁿ-we (kóišǫ́ttą íkipʰe kihá ną níkkašíka žóhi hí tʰí-ną-we) - then, when he is finished inviting many people, they usually come [JOD]

► ex: wi-te-ke ni-ka-shi-ka zho-hi hi shkoⁿ-wa-da-we i-yi i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke niⁿ-kʰe (wítteké, níkkašíka žóhi hí škǫ́wadáwe, iyí iyá maštį́ke nįkʰé) - my uncle, many people are here and will dislodge us, said the rabbit, they say [JOD]

► ex: ni-ka-shi-ka wa-x’o …. shi-zhi-ka (níkkašíka waxʔó…. šižíkka) - men, women, and the children [AG]

► ex: ni-ka-shi-ka e a-zha-miⁿ (níkkašika e ážamį) - I treat (think, regard) him as a human being

► ex: ni-ka-shi-ka-we i-we-niⁿ-aⁿ taⁿ-ha i-ya (níkkašiká-we iwénįą́ tą́ha iyá) - because he thought it was the people, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: “ni-ka-shi-ka bnaⁿ a-ta-ha,” i-ya taⁿ pa o-di-bnaⁿ naⁿ kaⁿ-niⁿ-kʰe naⁿ i-ya-we (“níkkašíka bną́ attahá,” iyá tą ppá ódibną́ ną ką́-nįkʰé ną iyáwe) - as he sat awhile, he sniffed around with his nose, he said, “sure enough smells like a human being”, they say [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ni-ka-shiⁿ-ga (níkashíⁿga), (níkʰashíⁿga) - people, person [Omaha/Ponca]; ni-ka-shiⁿ-ga (nikashiⁿga) - person, people, human, citizen, man [Omaha]; ni-ʰka-shi-ga (ní-ḳa-shi-ga) - a people, people, man, person, persons [FL-Osage]; ni-ʰka-shi-ka (níʰkašika) - the people, a people, live, exist [CQ-Osage]; ni-ka-shiⁿ-ga (níkashiⁿga) - person, people, men, clan [Kaw]

humming

► ga-xoⁿ-xoⁿ-te (gaγǫ́γǫtte) - buzzing, humming sound

► cf. ka-xoⁿ-xoⁿ-te (kaxǫ́xǫtte), ka-xo-xo-te (kaxóxotte) - make a whooshing sound; ka-xoⁿ-te (kaxǫ́tte) - whizzing sound, as a bullet

humming bird

► xaⁿ-e-ka (xą́ekka) - humming bird, Archilochus colubris

humored, ill humored

► wa-zhaⁿ-ni-ke (wažą́nike) - ill humored ► wa-zhaⁿ-aⁿ-ni-ke (wažą́ąnike) - I

► cf. wa-zhoⁿ-iⁿ ni-wa-de (wážǫį́ níwade) - hateful

hundred

► kde-bdaⁿ hi (kdébdą hí) - hundred, a stock of tens

► kde-bnaⁿ hi (gĕdēhbŏnāh-hih) - 100 [GI]

► kde-bda hi (kûdebûnû-hi), (kŭ-de-bŭ-ni-hi) - 100 [LH]

► cf. kde-bdaⁿ hi zhi-ka (kdébdąhížiká) - hundred; kde-bdaⁿ hi zhi-ka miⁿ-xti (kdébdąhížiká mį́xti) - one hundred; kde-bnaⁿ (kdébną), kde-bdaⁿ (kdebdą) - ten; kde-bdaⁿ hi taⁿ-ka (kdébdą hi ttą́ka) - thousand, large stock of 10’s

► Dhegiha: gthe-ba hi wiⁿ (gthébahíwiⁿ) - hundred, one hundred [Omaha/Ponca]; gthe-boⁿ hiⁿ wiⁿ (gtheboⁿ hiⁿwiⁿ) - one hundred [Omaha]; gthe-bthoⁿ hu zhiⁿ-ga (gthé-bthoⁿ hu-zhiⁿ-ga) - one hundred [FL-Osage]; le-braⁿ hu-zhi (lébrą huužį́) - hundred, hundredth [CQ-Osage]; le-blaⁿ hu miⁿ (léblaⁿ-hu-miⁿ), le-blaⁿ hu miⁿ-xtsi (léblaⁿ-hú míⁿxci) - hundred [Kaw]

► kde-bdaⁿ hi zhi-ka (kdébdąhížiká) - hundred

► kde-bdaⁿ i zi-ka (kdébdą í ziká) - one hundred [OM]

► cf. kde-bdaⁿ hi zhi-ka miⁿ-xti (kdébdąhížiká mį́xti) - one hundred; kde-bdaⁿ hi (kdébdą hí) - hundred, a stock of tens; kde-bnaⁿ (kdébną), kde-bdaⁿ (kdebdą) - ten; kde-bdaⁿ hi taⁿ-ka (kdébdą hi ttą́ka) - thousand, large stock of 10’s

► Dhegiha: gthe-ba hi wiⁿ (gthébahíwiⁿ) - hundred, one hundred [Omaha/Ponca]; gthe-boⁿ hiⁿ wiⁿ (gtheboⁿ hiⁿwiⁿ) - one hundred [Omaha]; gthe-bthoⁿ hu zhiⁿ-ga (gthé-bthoⁿ hu-zhiⁿ-ga) - one hundred [FL-Osage]; le-braⁿ hu-zhi (lébrą huužį́) - hundred, hundredth [CQ-Osage]; le-blaⁿ hu miⁿ (léblaⁿ-hu-miⁿ), le-blaⁿ hu miⁿ-xtsi (léblaⁿ-hú míⁿxci) - hundred [Kaw]

► kde-bdaⁿ hi zhi-ka miⁿ-xti (kdébdąhížiká mį́xti) - one hundred [MS]

► cf. kde-bdaⁿ hi zhi-ka (kdébdąhížiká) - hundred; miⁿ-xti (mį́xti) - one; kde-bdaⁿ hi (kdébdą hí) - hundred, a stock of tens

► Dhegiha: gthe-ba hi wiⁿ (gthébahíwiⁿ) - hundred, one hundred [Omaha/Ponca]; gthe-boⁿ hiⁿ wiⁿ (gtheboⁿ hiⁿwiⁿ) - one hundred [Omaha]; gthe-bthoⁿ hu zhiⁿ-ga (gthé-bthoⁿ hu-zhiⁿ-ga) - one hundred [FL-Osage]; le-braⁿ hu-zhi (lébrą huužį́) - hundred, hundredth [CQ-Osage]; le-blaⁿ hu miⁿ (léblaⁿ-hu-miⁿ), le-blaⁿ hu miⁿ-xtsi (léblaⁿ-hú míⁿxci) - hundred [Kaw]

hundred years, century

► o-ma-ni-ka kde-bdaⁿ-hi (ománikka kdébdąhí) - century, a hundred years

► cf. o-ma-ni-ka (ománikka) - year; kde-bdaⁿ hi (kdébdą hí) - hundred, a stock of tens

► Dhegiha: u-mai-ka ghte-boⁿ hiⁿ-wiⁿ (umáika gtheboⁿ hiⁿwiⁿ) - century [Omaha]

hundred, two hundred

► kde-bdaⁿ hi zhi-ka naⁿ-pa (kdébdąhížiká nąpá) - two hundred

► cf. kde-bdaⁿ hi zhi-ka (kdébdąhížiká) - hundred; kde-bdaⁿ hi (kdébdą hí) - hundred, a stock of tens; kde-bnaⁿ (kdébną), kde-bdaⁿ (kdebdą) - ten; naⁿ-pa (ną́pa), noⁿ-pa (nǫ́pa), noⁿ-ba (nǫ́ba) - two

► Dhegiha: gthe-ba wiⁿ noⁿ-ba (g¢éba-híwiⁿ naⁿ́ba) - two hundred [JOD-Omaha]

gthe-bthoⁿ hiu noⁿ-ba (gthe-bthoⁿ hiu noⁿ-ba) - two hundred [FL-Osage]; le-braⁿ hu-zhi thoⁿ-pa (lébrą huužį́ ðǫǫpá) - two hundred [CQ-Osage]; le-blaⁿ hu noⁿ-ba (léblaⁿ hu noⁿbá) - two hundred [Kaw]

hungry

► naⁿ-pe-hi (nąppéhi) - to be hungry ► naⁿ-pe-aⁿ-hi (ną́ppeą́hi) - I, naⁿ-pe-di-hi (nąppédihi) - you, naⁿ-pe-wa-hi-we (ną́ppewahiwé) - we

► naⁿ-pe (nąppé) - hungry

► ex: naⁿ-pe-aⁿ-hi (ną́ppeą́hi) - I am hungry [OM]

► ex: ti tʰe-ti kʰi naⁿ, “iⁿ-knaⁿ, naⁿ-pi-aⁿ-hi miⁿ-kʰe,” i-yi (ttí tʰétti kʰí ną, įkną́, “ną́ppią́hi mįkʰé,” iyí) - when they reached home, she said, “first son I am hungry” [JOD]

► ex: haⁿ, naⁿ-pi-aⁿ-hi miⁿ-kʰe, ta-taʰ bda-tʰe niⁿ-haⁿ (hą, ną́ppią́hi mįkʰé, táttą bdatʰé nįhą́) - yes, I’m hungry, what can I eat? [JOD]

► ex: naⁿ-pe-di-hi tʰaⁿ (nąppédihí tʰą) - your hungry [JOD]

► ex: naⁿ-pe-jhi-hi (nąppéǰihi) - are you hungry? [OM]

► ex: “naⁿ-pe-di-haⁿ-zhi e,” i-ke (“nąppédihąží e,” iké) - “are you not hungry,” he said to her? [JOD]

► ex: naⁿ-pe-di-hi-aⁿ-zhi a-e (nąppédią́ži aé) - are you not hungry? [JOD]

► ex: naⁿ-pe-wa-hi (nąppéwahi) - us hungry [JOD]

► ex: naⁿ-pe-hi a-ta-ha-wi (nąppéhi attaháwi) - they were very hungry [JOD]

► Dhegiha: noⁿ-pe-hi (noⁿpehi) - hungry [Omaha]; noⁿ-ʰpe-hi (noⁿ-p̩é-hi) - to be hungry [FL-Osage]; noⁿ-ʰpe-hi (nǫʰpéhi) - be hungry [CQ-Osage]; noⁿ-pe-hi (noⁿpéhi) - be hungry [Kaw]

hunt

► ta-bde (tábde) - hunt large animals ► ta-bde bde (tábde bdé) - I, ta-bde te (tábde tté) - you, ta-bde de (tábde de) - he/she, ta-bde aⁿ-ka-de (tábde ąkáde) - we, I and one other, ta-bde da-we (tábde dáwe) - they

► ex: ta-bde bde koⁿ-bda miⁿ-kʰe (tábde bdé kkǫbdá mįkʰé) - I want to go hunting [MS]

► ex: shi-naⁿ ta-bde bde a-kdi naⁿ aⁿ-naⁿ-x’oⁿ-zhi hi da-tʰe niⁿ-kʰe taⁿ she-mi zhi-ka xa-ke niⁿ-kʰe (šíną tábde bdé akdí ną ą́nąxʔǫ́ži hí datʰé nįkʰé tą šémižíka γaké nįkʰé) - I went hunting again, when I came back, she had not listened to me, she was eating it and the little girl was crying [JOD]

► ex: ta-bde de koⁿ-da (tábde de kǫdá) - he wanted to go hunting [JOD]

► ex: ta-bde de (tábde de) - he went hunting [JOD]

► ex: shi-naⁿ a-ka-sa-ni ta-bde de (šíną ákasáni tábde dé) - again, the next morning he went hunting [JOD]

► ex: ta-bde de tʰe taⁿ ni-ka-shi-ka miⁿ tʰi (tábde de tʰé tą níkkašíka mį tʰí) - when you went hunting a person came [JOD]

► ex: e-ti e-naⁿ-hi kaⁿ-tʰaⁿ tʰaⁿ ta-bde de naⁿ (étti enąhí ką-tʰą́ tʰą tábde dé ną) - she was there alone, when he went hunting [JOD]

► ex: i-ki-ho-shi a-ti shi-naⁿ naⁿ ta-bde de (íkihoší-áti šiną́-ną tábde dé) - after he forbade her (from eating it), he went hunting again [JOD]

► ex: ki-da-ha ta-bde da-we (kkidáha tábde dáwe) - they went hunting and separated/split up [JOD]

► ex: haⁿ-tʰaⁿ-hi ni-ka wa-x’o i-da-kda-niⁿ ta-bde da-we (hą́tʰąhí níkka waxʔó idákdanį́ tábde dáwe) - once upon a time, a man and his woman went hunting [JOD]

► ex: wa-x’o ni-ka zho-ki-kde ta-bde da-we (waxʔó nikká žókikde tábde dáwe) - a man went hunting with his woman/wife [JOD]

► ex: ta-bde aⁿ-ka-de, ni u-ha naⁿ-hi aⁿ-de aⁿ-niⁿ naⁿ, koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ e-ti shi-a-pe aⁿ-ka-de (tábde ąkáde, ní ohá nąhí ą́de ą́nį ną, kóišǫ́ttą étti šiápe ąkáde) - we went hunting, we were following along the course of the stream/water, then we went ashore there [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ knoⁿ-ke taⁿ ta-bde naⁿ ta t’e-de taⁿ a-zho-wa ta da-tʰe-wi (kóišǫ́ttą knǫké tą tábde ną ttá tʔéde tą ážowa tta dátʰewi) - then he married her, when he hunted, he killed deer, they often ate deer [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ ni-ka taⁿ ta-bde kaⁿ-tʰaⁿ naⁿ (kóišǫ́ttą níkka tʰą tábde kaⁿ-tʰą́ ną) - then-man-the std.-hunting-he was standing so awhile-past sign) [JOD]

► ex: e-ti-tʰaⁿ ta-bde kaⁿ-tʰaⁿ naⁿ ni-ka wi-ta, pa-ze de taⁿ kdi kaⁿ-tʰaⁿ naⁿ, e-ti-tʰaⁿ ti-a-zhi hi ha-t’e zho-ka-te a-ta-ha (ettítʰą tábde ką-tʰą́ ną níkka wittá, ppáze dé tą kdí ką-tʰą́ ną, ettítʰą ttiąži hí hatʔé žókkatte attahá) - then my husband had been hunting, he returned after dark, then shortly after that he became sick with a severe fever [JOD]

► ex: ta-bde kaⁿ-a-tʰaⁿ-he si-ka i-ta da-tʰe di-knaⁿ taⁿ i-da-ki-ho-shi (tábde ką́-atʰą́he síkka ittá datʰé dikną́ tą idákihoší) - while I was hunting, she decided to eat a chicken egg, which I had forbidden her to do [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ʰta-bthe (ṭá-bthe) - to hunt deer, deer hunting [FL-Osage]; ʰta-bre (ʰtáabre) - hunting for big game or small game [CQ-Osage]; da-ble (dáble) - hunt, go on a hunt [Kaw]

hunt any of the larger animals

► a-ba-zhi (ábaži) - hunt any of the larger animals ► a-pa-zhi (áppaži) - I, a-shpa-zhi (ášpaži) - you, oⁿ-ba-zhi-we (ǫbážiwe) - we

► Dhegiha: a-ba-e (ábae) - hunt, scout [Omaha/Ponca]; a-ba e (aba e) - hunt, hunter [Omaha]; ’a-ba-e (’ábae) - to hunt [JOD-Omaha]

hunt, chase, pursue

► di-xe (dixé) - chase, pursue, hunt ► bdi-xe (bdíxe) - I, ti-xe (ttíxe) - you

► cf. ta-si di-xe (ttási dixé) - to hunt muskrat

► ex: wa-bdi-xe (wabdíxe) - I chased them [JOD]

► ex: wa-bdi-xe a-taⁿ wa-bdi-ze (wabdíxe attą́ wábdize) - I chased them and I caught them [JOD]

► ex: di-xa-we (dixawé) - you’all chase him [JOD]

► ex: aⁿ-di-xe (ądixé) - he chased me [JOD]

► ex: “o-do-tʰe aⁿ-di-xe niⁿ e-de, wi-ti-kaⁿ,” i-ke (“ódotʰe ądíxe nį edé, wittiką́,” iké) - my grandfather, the man eater is chasing me, she said to him [JOD]

► ex: kaⁿ naⁿ aⁿ-naⁿ-de hi-de naⁿ aⁿ-di-xe (ką ną ąną́de híde ną́ ądixé) - so when he saw me, he chased me [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ ti o-do-ba-ki-xe di-xe naⁿ i-ya-we, ma-shtiⁿ-ke di-ze i-ya-we (kóišǫ́ttą tti odóbakíxe dixé ną iyáwe, maštį́ke dizé iyáwe) - then he chased the rabbit around in a circle within the lodge, and caught the rabbit, they say [JOD]

► ex: bdo-ka shoⁿ-zhi-ka niⁿ-kʰe da-sniⁿ naⁿ wa-di-xe (bdoká šǫ-žiká nįkʰé dasnį ną wadixé) - after he swallowed the whole puppy, he chased them [JOD]

► ex: di-xa-we (dixáwe) - they chased him [JOD]

► Dhegiha: thi-xe (thíxe) - chasing, chase after [Omaha]; thi-xe (thi-xé) - to pursue, to chase [FL-Osage]; thu-xi (ðuxí) - chase [CQ-Osage]; yu-xe (yuxé) - chase, pursue [Kaw]

hunt, look for, search

► o-te (otté), (oté) - look for, hunt, search ► o-a-te (oátte) - I, o-da-te (odátte) - you

► cf. o-ki-te (okítte) - look for another’s for him; o-ki-te (okítte) - look for one’s own

► ex: i-ka-pʰe o-a-te miⁿ-kʰe (íkapʰe oátte mįkʰé) - looking for old comb (I’m looking for a comb) [MS]

► ex: naⁿ-zha a-shi o-a-te naⁿ taⁿ-iⁿ tʰi (ną́ža áši oatté ną ttą́į́ tʰi) - then when I looked back (searching), he appeared in sight, he had come [JOD]

► ex: o-da-te (odátte) - you seek him [JOD]

► ex: hi naⁿ naⁿ-zha haⁿ-ka e-zhiⁿ-ke o-te naⁿ i-ya-we (hí ną ną́ža hą́ka ežį́ke otté ną iyáwe) - then when he arrived he looked for (sought) Haⁿ-ka’s son, they said [JOD]

► ex: naⁿ-zha i-de i-ya-we, o-te shoⁿ-niⁿ i-de i-ya-we (ną́ža íde iyáwe, otté šǫ-nį́ íde iyáwe) - then he found/saw him, they said, after he had sought him for some time, he found/saw him, they said [JOD]

► ex: o-te niⁿ i-ya-we, i-de i-ya-we (otté nį iyáwe, íde iyáwe) - he was looking for it, they said, he found/saw it, they said [JOD]

► ex: o-te niⁿ i-ya-we, e-hoⁿ i-de i-ya-we (otté nį iyáwe, ehǫ́ íde iyáwe) - he was looking for it, they said, he found/saw it too, they said [JOD]

► ex: o-wa-te (ówatte) - seeking them [JOD]

► Dhegiha: u-ʰtse (u-ṭsé), (u-dsé) - to search for, to hunt, to seek [FL-Osage]; o-tse (océ) - look for or search for something or someone, for one's own purposes, not because it or he/she was previously lost, hunt for, go hunting for small game [CQ-Osage]; o-tse (óce) - search, search for stuff, look for things [CQ-Osage]; o-je (ojé) - look for something [Kaw]]

hunting expedition

► ka-xnaⁿ (kaxną́) - migrate, go on hunting expedition

► ka-xnaⁿ (kaxną́) - hunting as a tribe [JOD]

► cf. ka-xnaⁿ o-zhoⁿ-ke (kaxną́ ožǫ́ke) - migratory route, hunting route

► ex: ka-xnaⁿ hi ni-kʰa (kaxną́ hí nikʰá) - they were camping while hunting, they were on a hunting expedition [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ga-xthoⁿ (gaqthóⁿ) - hunting party, a hunting party including all or most of a tribe [Omaha/Ponca]; ga-xthoⁿ-the (ga-xthóⁿ-the) - to migrate, to go on a hunting expedition [FL-Osage]; ka-loⁿ-the (kaalóⁿðe) - travel, migrate, go on a hunting expedition [CQ-Osage]; ga-xlaⁿ (gaxláⁿ) - migrate, go an on extensive hunting expedition with many or all of the tribe; to go with a large party, each man taking his household [Kaw]

hunting route, migratory route

► ka-xnaⁿ o-zhoⁿ-ke (kaxną́ ožǫ́ke) - migratory route, hunting route

► cf. ka-xnaⁿ (kaxną́) - migrate, go on hunting expedition; ka-xnaⁿ (kaxną́) - hunting as a tribe [JOD]; o-zhoⁿ-ke (ožǫ́ke) - road

► Dhegiha: u-ga-xthoⁿ u-zhoⁿ-ge (ugáq¢aⁿ ujañ́ge) - road of the migratory pary [JOD-Omaha]; ga-xthoⁿ u-zhoⁿ-ge (ga-xthóⁿ u-zhoⁿ-ge) - a migration or hunting trail [FL-Osage]; ga-xlaⁿ o-zhaⁿ-ge (gaxláⁿ ozháⁿge) - road traveled by hunters or migrants, the road traveled by the whole tribe, or by a part of it, when the people are going on the buffalo hunt [Kaw]

hurry

► o-ti-ti (óttitti) - hurry in doing something, quickly ► o-a-ti-ti (óattittí) - I, o-da-ti-ti (ódattittí) - you

► o-chi-chi (óčiči) - hurry [OM]

hurt

► iⁿ-te (įté), iⁿ-de (įdé) - to have a pain, ache, hurt ► aⁿ-te (ąté) - I, di-iⁿ-te (díįte) - you, waⁿ-te-a-we (wą́teáwe) - we

► iⁿ-de (įdé) - hurt [AG]

► ex: aⁿ-te (ąté) - hurt me, I’m hurting [MS]

► ex: pa-hi aⁿ-de miⁿ-kʰe (ppahí ądé mįkʰé) - I’ve got a headache [AG]

► ex: hi iⁿ-te (hi įté) - toothache, have a toothache

► ex: mo-iⁿ-ke iⁿ-te (moį́ke įté) - angina, chest pain

► ex: o-ki-te iⁿ-te (okkítte įté) - to have rheumatism, “joint pain”

► ex: pa-hi iⁿ-te (ppahí įté), pa-hi iⁿ-de (ppahí įdé) - headache [MS, AG]

► ex: ta iⁿ-te (tta į́te) - diarrhea, to have diarrhea, “belly pain”

► ex: zho iⁿ-de (jŭ-indeh) - pain (douleur), “body/flesh pain” [GI]

► i-o (io), i-yo (íyo) - wound someone or something ► i-do (idó) - I, i-do (ído) - you

► i-o-wi (i-ŭ-wih) - wound, injure, hurt, harm (blesser) [GI]

► ex: aⁿ-naⁿ-yo-wi taⁿ aⁿ-kda-niⁿ kdi-we (ąną́yowi-ttą ą́kdanį kdiwé) - when I was shot they brought me back hither

► ex: i-di-yo-wi taⁿ a-di-kda-niⁿ kdi-we (ídiyowi-ttą adíkdanį kdiwé) - when you were shot they brought you back hither

► ex: i-yo-wi taⁿ a-kda-niⁿ kdi kʰe (íyowi-ttą akdánį kdí kʰe) - when he was wounded they (his relations) brought him (or his body) home

► ex: we-yo-wi taⁿ wa-kda-niⁿ kdi-we (wéyowi-ttą wákdanį kdiwé) - when we were shot they brought us back hither

► Dhegiha: i-u (í-u) - to wound with a weapon, to wound with an arrow or other weapon [FL-Osage]; i-o (ió) - wound with something [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: u (ú) - wound [Omaha/Ponca]; u (ú), ’u (’u) - wound [JOD-Omaha]; u (u) - wound, to hurt, wound from a cut [FL-Osage]; o (o) - wound [Kaw]

► di-t’e-ka (ditʔékka) - injure, hurt someone ► bdi-t’e-ka (bdítʔekka) - I, ti-t’e-ka (ttítʔekka) - you

► cf. di-t’e-ka (ditʔéka) - weaken an animal or infant; naⁿ-t’e-ka (nątʔéka) - injure by kicking or trampling

► naⁿ-ka-de (ną́kkade) - injure someone with bare hands ► naⁿ-ka-a-de (ną́kkaade) - I, naⁿ-ka-da-de (ną́kkadade) - you

► Dhegiha: noⁿ-ka (nóⁿka) - get hurt, injured [Omaha]; wa-noⁿ-ʰka-the (wa-nóⁿ-ḳa-the) - to maim, to injure [FL-Osage]

husband

► ni-ka i-ta (níkka ittá) - husband, “her man” ► ni-ka wi-ta (níkka wittá) - my, ni-ka di-ta (níkka dittá) - your

► cf. ni-ka (níkka) - man; i-ta (ittá) - his, hers, its

► ex: ni-ka wi-ta (níkka wítta) - husband, my husband [MS]

► ex: e-ti-tʰaⁿ ta-bde kaⁿ-tʰaⁿ naⁿ ni-ka wi-ta, pa-ze de taⁿ kdi kaⁿ-tʰaⁿ naⁿ, e-ti-tʰaⁿ ti-a-zhi hi ha-t’e zho-ka-te a-ta-ha (ettítʰą tábde ką-tʰą́ ną níkka wittá, ppáze dé tą kdí ką-tʰą́ ną, ettítʰą ttiąži hí hatʔé žókkatte attahá) - then my husband had been hunting, he returned after dark, then shortly after that he became sick with a severe fever [JOD]

► ex: “hoⁿ-e ni-ka di-ta,” i-ke-a-we, “aⁿ-t’e,” i-yi (hǫ́e níkka dítta, ikeáwe, ątʔé, iyí) - “what is the matter/what happened with your man/husband,” they said to her, “dead to me (he died on me),” she said [JOD]

► ex: ni-ka jhi-ta ha-ki niⁿ-kʰe (níkka ǰítta háki nįkʰé) - where is your man (your husband)? [AG]

► Dhegiha: ni-ʰka i-ʰta (níʰka íʰta), i-ni-ʰka (iiníʰka) - her husband [CQ-Osage]; i-ni-ʰka (i-ní-ḳa) - her man, her husband [FL-Osage]; ni-ka (níka) - man, human male, husband [Kaw]

► i-knaⁿ-ke (ikną́ke), i-kdaⁿ-ke (ikdą́ke), i-knoⁿ-ke (iknǫ́ke), e-knaⁿ-ke (ekną́ke) - woman’s husband ► wi-knaⁿ-ke (wikną́ke) - my, di-knaⁿ-ke (dikną́ke) - your

► cf. knoⁿ-ke (knǫké) - marry a woman; ki-knoⁿ-ke (kiknǫké) - marriage, married, marry; ki-ki-knaⁿ-ka-we (kikíknąkáwe) - they married each other [JOD]; wa-knoⁿ-ke (wáknǫké) - marry more than one wife

► Dhegiha: e-gthoⁿ-ge (ég¢añge) - her husband [JOD-Omaha]

► i-knaⁿ-ke-de (ikną́kede), e-knaⁿ-ke-de (ekną́kede) - to have as a husband ► i-knaⁿ-ke-a-de (ikną́keade) - I, i-knaⁿ-ke-da-de (ikną́kedade) - you

husband, take a man for a husband

► a-di-xe (ádiγe) - marry a man, take a man for a husband ► a-bdi-xe (ábdiγe) - I, a-ti-xe (áttiγe) - you, oⁿ-ka-di-xa-we (ǫkádiγawe) - we

► cf. wa-di-xzhi (wádiγáži) - unmarried woman,virgin; wa-di-xa-zhi hi wádiγáži hí) - unmarried woman, spinster; wa-we-di-xe (wawédixe) - refugee (from another tribe); i-kdi-xe (íkdixe) - live with, stay with someone

► ex: a-wi-bdi-xe (áwibdiγe) - I take you for my husband

► ex: a-wi-bdi-xe te, i-ke (áwibdíγe tté, iké) - she said to him, I will take you for my husband [JOD]

► ex: aⁿ-ti-xe (ą́ttiγe) - you take me for your husband [JOD]

► ex: aⁿ-naⁿ-ti-xe (ąną́ttiγe) - you stay with me [JOD]

► ex: aⁿ-naⁿ-ti-xe shkoⁿ-ta (ąną́ttiγe škǫ́tta) - do you want to live with me? [JOD]

► ex a-di-xe (ádiγé) - to marry him [JOD]

► ex: a-di-xe te (ádiγe tté) - she will marry him [JOD]

► ex: a-di-xe (adiγé) - she married him [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ naⁿ-zha wa-x’o zhi-ka shi-zhi-ka zho-wa-ki-kde wa-kda-niⁿ hi taⁿ a-di-xe (kóišǫ́ttą ną́ža waxʔó žiká nįkʰé šižíka žówakíkde wákdanį hí tą adiγé) - and then the old woman married him, she took her children along with her [JOD]

► ex: e a-di-xe koⁿ-da (é ádiγé kǫdá) - she wanted to marry him, the aforementioned [JOD]

► Dhegiha: a-thi-xe (á¢ixe) - to marry him [JOD-Omaha]; a-thu-xe (á-thu-xe) - to take a husband [FL-Osage]; a-thu-xe (áðuγe) - marry, get married to, take as a husband [CQ-Osage]; a-yu-ghe (áyughe) - marry a man, take a husband [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: wa-thi-xe (wathixe) - marry, intermarry [Omaha]; wa-thu-xe (wáthuxe) - to take a husband; to marry, with reference to a woman [FL-Osage]; wa-thu-xe (wáðuγe) - be or get married, said of a female; wedding, used by bride’s friends or family [CQ-Osage]; wa-yu-ghe (wáyughe) - marry, get married (female reference only) [Kaw]

husband, to lose one’s husband

► ni-ka ki-t’e (níkka kitʔe) - widow, to lose one’s husband

► cf. ni-ka (níkka) - man, husband, male animal; ki-t’e (kitʔé) - die, said of one’s kin; t’e (tʔe) - die

► ex: wa-x’o ki-t’e (waxʔó kitʔé) - widower, to lose by death one's woman, become a widower

► ex: wa-x’o ki-t’e niⁿ-kʰe (waxʔó kitʔé nįkʰé) - the widower

► ex: shoⁿ-ke ki-t’e (šǫ́ke kitʔé) - his/her dog died

► Dhegiha: gi-t’e (gí-ts’e) - to lose a relative by death [FL-Osage]; gi-ts’e (gits’é) - one’s own (kinsman or animal) to die on one [Kaw]

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