Quapaw Dictionary

English to Quapaw Dictionary
A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H-I-J-K-L-M-N-O-P-Q-R-S-T-U-V-W-X-Y-Z
Quapaw Sources	Dhegiha Sources

habitual - handsome handy - haw hawk - hides high - honor hoof - husband

high

► maⁿ-shi (mąší) - upper, upward, heaven, high, above

► maⁿ-shi hi (mą́ši hí) - high, high up, incommunicative

► cf. maⁿ-shi o-ki (mą́ši okkí) - Christian, lit. “talks on high”; maⁿ-shi o-ki o-ti (mą́ši okkí ótti) - church, “house to talk above”; maⁿ-shi taⁿ-ka (mąší ttą́ka) - mountain; maⁿ-shi hi (mąší hi) - cliff; i-ha-zho maⁿ-shi (íhažó mąší) - upper lip; i-shta-ha maⁿ-shi (ištáha mąší) - upper eyelid

► ex: maⁿ-shi de (mą́ši dé) - go up, ascend

► ex: di-maⁿ-shi (dimą́ši) - pull up high

► ex: pe-te-shte maⁿ-shi hi (ppettéšte mą́ši hí) - very high blaze, flame [JOD]

► ex: da-wa-ta maⁿ-shi (dawattá mąší) - pray for up (you pray to heaven) [MS]

► ex: iⁿ-ta-te wa-kaⁿ-ta maⁿ-shi niⁿ-kʰe (įttátte wakką́tta mąší nįkʰé) - Father (God) is up in heaven [MS]

► ex: maⁿ-shi wa-koⁿ-ta kniⁿ niⁿ-kʰe (mąší wakǫ́ta knį nįkʰé) - God is up there (God resides in heaven) [MS]

► ex: maⁿ-shi o-ki niⁿ-kʰe (mą́ši okkí nįkʰé) - pray (he/she is praying) MS]

► ex: e-shaⁿ zhaⁿ a-ba-ko koi-shoⁿ e-ti kʰe taⁿ a-te bde a-taⁿ maⁿ-shi miⁿ-kʰe (éšą žą ábakko kóišǫ́ étti kʰé tą átte bd[e]á-ttą mą́ši mįkʰé) - then, I climbed up high in this crooked (bent, lying there) tree and I sat there [JOD]

► ex: zhaⁿ a-te i-ya-we, a-ba-ko koi-shoⁿ maⁿ-shi kaⁿ-niⁿ-kʰe i-ya-we (žą átte iyáwe, abakkó kóišǫ́ mąši ką́-nįkʰé iyáwe) - she climbed high up into a crooked tree and sat there, they say [JOD]

► ex: maⁿ-shi a-ba-zo (mą́ši ábazo) - to point up/above [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ maⁿ-shi miⁿ-kʰe taⁿ aⁿ-ba-zo (kóišǫ́ttą mą́ši mįkʰé tą ą́bazo) - then as I was sitting above, it pointed at me [JOD]

► ex: maⁿ-shi miⁿ-kʰe taⁿ-ha aⁿ-ba-zo (mą́ši mįkʰe tą́ha ą́bazo) - because I was sitting above, it pointed at me [JOD]

► ex: maⁿ-shi niⁿ-kʰe taⁿ-ha we-da-ba-zo maⁿ-shi a-ba-zo (mą́ši nįkʰé tą́ha wédabázo mąši ábazo) - because she was sitting above, the index/forefinger pointed up [JOD]

► ex: ni-ka-shi-ka maⁿ-shi e-ti ni-te naⁿ (níkkašíka mą́ši ettí nité ną) - human being-above-there-how possible [JOD]

► ex: maⁿ-shi ni-ka-shi-ka e-ti ni-te naⁿ (mą́ši níkkašíka ettí nité ną) - above-human being-there-how possible [JOD]

► ex: o-za taⁿ maⁿ-shi zha-koi-de taⁿ (óža tą mą́ši žakóide tą) - when he danced, he leaped high [JOD]

► Dhegiha: moⁿ-shi a-di (moⁿshíadi) - tall, be very tall, extend from the ground far up into the air [Omaha/Ponca]; moⁿ-shi a-ha (moⁿshiaha) - high [Omaha]; moⁿ-shi (móⁿ-shi) - up above, the arch of heaven, zenith [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-shi (mą́ši) - be upward or upright [CQ-Osage]; maⁿ-shi (máⁿshi) - high up, as the sun in the sky [Kaw]; maⁿ-shi-ta (maⁿshíta) - above, upper, e.g. upper teeth [Kaw]

high, how tall, how high

► a-tʰaⁿ-ka (atʰąkká) - how tall, how high

► cf. de-tʰaⁿ-ka (detʰąkká), de-taⁿ-ka (dettąká) - tall, this (much); miⁿ-de-tʰaⁿ-ka (mįdétʰąká) - half that height; kaⁿ-ze a-tʰaⁿ-ka (kką́ze atʰąkká) - of equal height; she-tʰaⁿ-ka (šetʰąkká), she-taⁿ-ka (šettąká) - tall enough, a certain height

high, pull up high

► di-maⁿ-shi (dimą́ši) - pull up high ► bdi-maⁿ-shi (bdímąši) - I, ti-maⁿ-shi (ttímąši) - you

► cf. di (di) - by hand, pulling; maⁿ-shi (mąší) - upper, upward, heaven, high, above

► ex: di-maⁿ-shi hne (dimą́ši hné) - raise it up [MS]

► Dhegiha: thi-moⁿ-shi (thi moⁿshi) - elevate [Omaha]; we-thi-moⁿ-shi (wé-thi-moⁿ-shi) - a lifter, a jack for lifting of wheels and other heavy objects [FL-Osage]; thu-maⁿ-shi (ðuumą́ši) - pull up, hold up, raise, lift [CQ-Osage]; yu-maⁿ-shi (yumáⁿshi) - to elevate, put up high; to lift something [Kaw]

high, too high a price, too much, difficult

► wa-te-xi (wattéxi) - difficult, too much, too high a price

► cf. o-te-xi (óttexi) - difficult to do; haⁿ-ba wa-te-xi zhi-ka (hą́ba wattéxi žíka) - Saturday, “little Sunday”; haⁿ-ba wa-te-xi (hą́ba wattéxi) - Sunday; haⁿ-ba wa-te-xi naⁿ-pa (hąbá wattéxi nąpá) - fortnight, two Sundays

► Dhegiha: wa-te-xi (watéxi) - difficult action with a purpose, male name [Omaha]; wa-ʰtse-xi (wa-ṭsé-xi) - difficult to destroy, to be tenacious of life, stingy, ungenerous, not liberal, penurious [FL-Osage]; wa-ʰtse-xi (waʰcéxi) - be difficult, hard, challenging, not easy to do [CQ-Osage]; wa-tse-xi (wacéxi) - be hard, difficult to endure, something difficult, be difficult [Kaw]

highland covered with trees, also hill

► di-xa-zhi (dixáži) - highland covered with trees, also hill

► di-xa-zhi wa-da-xo-we (dixáži wadáxowe) - hill that ate people from Quapaw mythology

hill with round top

► a-ni shta-ha (áni štáha) - hill with round top

► cf. a-ni (áni) - hill; shta-ha (štáha) - smooth, rounded; a-ni shta-shta-ha (áni štaštáha) - round topped hills in series; shta (šta) - smooth, bald, bare; ba-shta (baštá) - smoothe, sand, plane; di-shta (dištá) - smoothe, plane, sand; ta-xpi shta (ttaxpí šta) - bald head

► Dhegiha: zhna-ha (zhnahá) - smooth, slippery [Omaha/Ponca]; shna-ha (shnáha) - slippery, smooth [Omaha]; shta-ha (shtá-ha) - slick, smooth [FL-Osage]; shta-ha (štáha), shta (štá) - shiny and smooth as a lake surface, slick, bald, hairless, cleared [CQ-Osage]; shta-ha (shtahá), (shtáha) - smooth, slippery, slick [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: zhna (zhna) - bald, bare, smooth, hairless [Omaha/Ponca]; shta (shta) - hairless, destitute of hair [FL-Osage]; shta (štá), shta-ha (štáha) - shiny and smooth as a lake surface, slick, bald, hairless, cleared [CQ-Osage]; shta (shta) - smooth, hairless, bald [Kaw]

hill with sharp peak

► a-ni pa-si-kde (áni ppasíkde) - hill with sharp peak

► cf. a-ni (áni) - hill; pa-si (ppasí) - tip of something, beak or bill; pa-si-kde (ppasíkde) - hill with pointed peak or top; pa-si-kde (ppásikdé) - point of land [JOD]; pa pa-si (ppáppasí) - tip of the nose; pa-si o-do-ka-hi (ppasí odokáhi) - spoonbill, paddlefish, fish with a hide like that of a catfish, no scales, found in Neosho River; ma-ze pa-si (mazé ppasí) - nipples; wa-zhiⁿ-ka pa-si (wažį́ka ppási) - bird’s beak, bill; ho pa-si ste-te (ho ppási stétte) - garfish

► Dhegiha: a-thiⁿ ʰpa-si (á-thiⁿ p̣a-çi) - summit, top of a hill, the summit of a hill, hill top [FL-Osage]; a-yiⁿ pa-su (áyiⁿ pasú) - headland [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: pa-si (pasí) - tip, tree-top, tongue-tip, etc. [Omaha/Ponca]; pa-si (paçi) - tip; ʰpa-si (p̣a-çí) - a peak, point, top of a tree, the top of a poll [FL-Osage]; ʰpa-su (p̣á-çu) - tip of nose [FL-Osage]; ʰpa-su (ʰpasú) - tip or point of an object [CQ-Osage]; pa-su (pasú) - tip, point of an object “like the point of a pencil”, corner of a room, etc. [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ʰpa-siu-gthiⁿ (p̣a-çiú-gthiⁿ) - dwellers-upon-the-hill-top, when the river (Mississippi) overflowed its banks, a group of Osage Indians fled from their village and sought the high hills and there established a camp, they were known by the name of ʰpa-siu-gthiⁿ (p̣a-çiú-gthiⁿ) and settled in Grayhorse [FL-Osage]; ʰpa-su o-liⁿ (ʰpasú olį́į), ʰpa-si-o-liⁿ (ʰpasiólįį), ʰpa-su-liⁿ (ʰpasúlį), ʰpa-so-liⁿ (ʰpasólįį) - living on the end, dwelling on the cliffs, Fairfax or Grayhorse group of Osages, lit., “living on the end”, referring to the west end of the allotment [CQ-Osage]

► pa-si-kde (ppasíkde) - hill with pointed peak or top

► pa-si-kde (pásikdé) - point of land [JOD]

► cf. a-ni pa-si-kde (áni ppasíkde) - hill with sharp peak

hill, base of a hill

► i-ki-kde (íkkikdé) - base of a hill

► i-ki-kde-a-ha (íkkikdéaha) - along base of a hill

hill, bluff, ridge, mound

► a-ni (áni) - hill

► a-ni (áni) - hill [MS]

► a-ni (aní) - mound

► cf. a-ni bda bda (áni bdá bda) - ridge, long ridge; a-ni kaⁿ-ha (áni kką́ha) - edge of hill; a-ni pa-si-kde (áni ppasíkde) - hill with sharp peak; a-ni shta-ha (áni štáha) - hill with round top; a-ni shta-shta-ha (áni štaštáha) - round topped hills in series

► ex: a-ni a-shi (áni áši) - up on a hill [MS]

► ex: shoⁿ-ke-a-kniⁿ a-ni a-shi tʰaⁿ, i-bniⁿ-aⁿ (šǫ́keaknį áni áši tʰą́, íbnįą́) - I think the horse is standing on the hill

► ex: wa-sa ka-hi-ka niⁿ-kʰe a-ni koi-hi-de niⁿ-kʰe-ti ti-kde niⁿ-kʰe (wasá kahíke nįkʰé áni kóihidé-nįkʰétti ttíkde nįkʰé) - the black bear chief dwells in a lodge beyond yonder distant bluff [JOD]

► Dhegiha: a-thiⁿ (áthiⁿ) - hillside, ridge [Omaha]; a-thiⁿ (á¢iⁿ) - ridge [JOD-Omaha]; a-thiⁿ (á-thiⁿ) - a ridge or divide [FL-Osage]; a-yiⁿ (áyiⁿ) - ridge, divide [Kaw]

► a-ni bda bda (áni bdá bda) - ridge, long ridge

► cf. a-ni (áni) - hill; bda-bda (bdábda) - raised; ti-he bda-bda (ttíhe bdabdá) - roof, edge of roof

► ex: a-ni bda bda tʰe (áni bdá bda tʰe) - the ridge

hill, downhill

► a-pa-po (áppapo) - downhill

► Dhegiha: pa-mu (pamu) - downhill [Omaha]; a-ʰpa-bo (á-p̣a-bo) - a slope [FL-Osage]; pa-bu (pa-bú) - down hill, a steep incline, incline, a steep hill [FL-Osage]; pa-po (papó) - sink, lower, go down [CQ-Osage]; pa-bo (pabó) - downhill, over the edge of a bluff [Kaw]

► a-da-x’a-ti (ádaxʔatti) - downhill

hill, edge of hill

► a-ni kaⁿ-ha (áni kką́ha) - edge of hill

► cf. a-ni (áni) - hill; kaⁿ-ha (kką́ha), koⁿ-ha (kkǫ́ha) - near, by

► ex: a-ni kaⁿ-ha kʰe (áni kką́ha kʰe) - the edge of the hill

► Dhegiha: koⁿ-ha (koⁿha) - rim, edge [Omaha]; koⁿ-ha (kóⁿha) - edge, border, selvedge [JOD-Omaha]; ʰkoⁿ-ha (ḳóⁿ-ha) - the edge, margin, selvage, welt, of certain goods [FL-Osage]; ʰkoⁿ-ha (ʰkǫ́ha) - edge [CQ-Osage]

hill, round topped hills in series

► a-ni shta-shta-ha (áni štaštáha) - round topped hills in series

► cf. a-ni (áni) - hill; shta-ha (štáha) - smooth, rounded; a-ni shta-ha (áni štáha) - hill with round top; shta (šta) - smooth, bald, bare; ba-shta (baštá) - smoothe, sand, plane; di-shta (dištá) - smoothe, plane, sand; ta-xpi shta (ttaxpí šta) - bald head

► Dhegiha: zhna-ha (zhnahá) - smooth, slippery [Omaha/Ponca]; shna-ha (shnáha) - slippery, smooth [Omaha]; shta-ha (shtá-ha) - slick, smooth [FL-Osage]; shta-ha (štáha), shta (štá) - shiny and smooth as a lake surface, slick, bald, hairless, cleared [CQ-Osage]; shta-ha (shtahá), (shtáha) - smooth, slippery, slick [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: zhna (zhna) - bald, bare, smooth, hairless [Omaha/Ponca]; shta (shta) - hairless, destitute of hair [FL-Osage]; shta (štá), shta-ha (štáha) - shiny and smooth as a lake surface, slick, bald, hairless, cleared [CQ-Osage]; shta (shta) - smooth, hairless, bald [Kaw]

hill, uphill

► o-i-naⁿ-be (óinąbé) - uphill

► cf. o-i-naⁿ-be o-ka-xde (óinąbé okáxde) - facing uphill

► Dhegiha: i-yoⁿ-be (íyoⁿbe) - uphill [Kaw]

► o-i-naⁿ-be o-ka-xde (óinąbé okáxde) - facing uphill

► cf. o-i-naⁿ-be (óinąbé) - uphill; o-ka-xde (okáxde) - face a certain direction, face a direction, facing towards

► Dhegiha: i-yoⁿ-be (íyoⁿbe) - uphill [Kaw]

hillside

► i-ki-te (íkitte), i-ki-tʰe (íkitʰe) - hillside

him

► e (e) - that, he, she, it, aforementioned

► ex: e she-mi (é šémi) - that girl [JOD]

► ex: ni-ka-shi-ka e a-zha-miⁿ (níkkašika e ážamį) - I treat him as a human being

► ex: e a-di-xe koⁿ-da (é ádiγé kǫdá) - she wanted to marry him, the aforementioned [JOD]

► ex: o-zha tʰaⁿ e toⁿ-we ni-he (óža tʰą é tǫ́we-nihe) - that one dancing, you’all look at him [JOD]

► ex: e sh’a-ke niⁿ-kʰe ki-ta-ni taⁿ e-zhaⁿ-ke e-ta taⁿ kaⁿ-tʰaⁿ (e šʔáke nįkʰé kitáni tą ežą́ke ettá tą ką-tʰą́) - he, the old man sat smoking, while his daughter stood [JOD]

► ex: e za-ni zhaⁿ iⁿ-ke (é zaní žą́ įké) - they all reclining

► ex: be ni-ka-shi-ka di-baⁿ i-niⁿ-haⁿ (bé níkkašíka dibą́ inįhą́) - who could this person be, that called to you? [JOD]

► ex: e a-niⁿ ni-tʰe (é anį́ nitʰé) - that, the aforementioned, he probably has it [JOD]

► ex: e o-do-ha-ke (é odóhake) - that last one [JOD]

► ex: e o-do-ha-ke ni a-shka ki taⁿ pa-hi niⁿ-kʰe ki-ki-knaⁿ (é odóhake ní áška kí tą ppahí nįkʰé kíkikną́) - that-last one-water-near-reached here again-when-head-the (part)-she put down her own for him [JOD]

► ex: e haⁿ-ba haⁿ-ke hi (é hą́ba hą́ke hí) - that-day-nearly-very [JOD]

► ex: ka-sa-ni-a-ti e zhiⁿ-ka tʰaⁿ a-shi-ti hi i-ya-we (kásaniáti e žįká tʰą ášitti hí iyáwe) - the next morning, that little/young one went outside, they said [JOD]

► ex: maⁿ-te kaⁿ-de ka-ba-xe i-ya-we, iⁿ-spe zhi-ka e i-oⁿ ka-ba-xe i-ya-we (mątté-kkąde kabáγe iyáwe, į́spe žiká é iǫ́ kabáγe iyáwe) - she chopped the canoe string/rope in two, they say, using the hatchet she chopped the string/rope in two, they say [JOD]

► ex: e maⁿ-te kʰe-ti o-hi-kniⁿ naⁿ kde (e mąté kʰettí ohíknį ną kdé) - that/the canoe, she got into it and sat down, then headed home [JOD]

► ex: e hoⁿ-pe niⁿ-kʰe, hu-wa-ke ki-shoⁿ-i naⁿ, ka-hi-ke taⁿ-ka e-zhiⁿ-ke knoⁿ-ke te (e hǫp͓é nįkʰé huwake kišǫ́i ną kahíke ttą́ka ežį́ke knǫké tte) - that shoe, whoever it fits, Big Chief’s son will marry her [JOD]

► ex: ma-shtiⁿ-ke niⁿ e wa-naⁿ niⁿ (maštį́ke nį é waną nį) - rabbit was singing it (the aforementioned) as he was moving along [JOD]

► ex: e e-ta taⁿ-ha kdi-ze a-taⁿ ti-a-ti kaⁿ a-kda-niⁿ de (é ettá tąhá kdíze áttą ttíatti ką ákdanį́ dé) - because it was hers, she took it (her own), she took it into the house [JOD]

► Dhegiha: e (é) - he, she, that, that one, the afore-said, they, it [JOD-Omaha]; e (e) - he, she, it, or that [FL-Osage]; e (ée) - 3^rd person emphatic or contrastive pronoun (that one, that person, she/her, he/him; those persons, them; this person or thing, the foregoing, she herself, he himself, they themselves [CQ-Osage]; e (e), ’e (’e), (’ee) - that, those, be that, those [Kaw]

hind leg of animal, man’s leg

► zhe-ka (žeká) - man’s leg, hind leg of animal

► zhe-ka (žeká) - legs [MS]

► zhe-ka (jaccah) - leg (jambes) [GI]

► ex: wa-zhiⁿ-ka zhe-ka (wažį́ka žeká) - bird’s legs

► ex: zhe-ka taⁿ (žeká ttą) - pot, lit. “it has legs” [MS]

► ex: zhe-ka-ta (žekátta) - leg of a chair

► Dhegiha: zhe-ga (zhéga) - upper part of the leg, thigh [Omaha/Ponca]; zhe-ga (zhe-gá) - leg, upper part [FL-Osage]; zhe-ka (žeká) - leg [CQ-Osage]; zhe-ga (zhegá) - thigh, leg above the knee [Kaw]

hindquarters, rump, buttocks

► ni-te (nik-teh) - buttocks, rump, hindquarters (fesses) [GI]

► niⁿ-te (nį́tte), ni-te (nítte) - buttocks, person or animal

► niⁿ-te (nį́tte), ni-te (nítte) - buttocks, rear [MS, OM]

► cf. te ni-te shiⁿ (tte nítte šį) - buffalo rump fat [JOD]; niⁿ-te o-di-shiⁿ (nį́tte ódišį) - pants [MS,OM]; ni-te-a-zho (nitteážo) - rump, buttocks; ni-te ka-zhi (nítte káži), ni-te ga-zhi (nítte gáži) - toilet paper

► ex: niⁿ-te niⁿ-kʰe (nį́tte nįkʰé) - the buttocks

► Dhegiha: niⁿ-de (niⁿ-de) - buttocks [Omaha/Ponca]; ni-dse (ní-dse) - hips, rump, posterior, the lower part of the back, the hips, haunch, body [FL-Osage]

hip

► shiⁿ-te-hi (šįttéhi) - hip, crest of the ilium, probably siⁿ-te-hi (sįttéhi)

► cf. si-te (sį́tte) - tail

► Dhegiha: siⁿ-de hi (siⁿdéhi) - hip bone [Omaha/Ponca]; siⁿ-ne hi (çiⁿne hi) - hips [Omaha]; siⁿ-dse hi (çiⁿ-dse hi) - hip bone [FL-Osage]

► shiⁿ-te-hi ka-xa-kde (šįttéhi káxakdé) - pelvis, hips, probably siⁿ-te-hi ka-xa-kde (sįttéhi káxakdé)

► cf. si-te (sį́tte) - tail

► Dhegiha: siⁿ-de hi (siⁿdéhi) - hip bone [Omaha/Ponca]; siⁿ-ne hi (çiⁿne hi) - hips [Omaha]; siⁿ-dse hi (çiⁿ-dse hi) - hip bone [FL-Osage]

hire oneself out

► di-zho (dižó) - work, hire oneself out ► bdi-zho (bdížo) - I, ti-zho (ttížo) - you

his

► i-ta (ittá), e-ta (ettá) - his, hers, its, alienable

► cf. wi-ta (wítta) - my (alienable), mine; di-ta (dítta) - your, yours, alienable; di-ta-we (díttawe) - your plural, yours, alienable; i-ta-we (ittáwe), e-ta-we (ettáwe) - their, theirs; oⁿ-ko-ta (ǫkótta) - our, the two of ours, (dual); oⁿ-ko-ta-we (ǫkóttawe) - our, ours (plural)

► ex: ni-ka i-ta (níkka ittá) - husband, her man

► ex: wa-x’o i-ta (waxʔó ittá) - wife, his woman

► ex: shoⁿ-ke i-ta (šǫ́ke ittá) - his/her dog

► ex: e e-ta taⁿ-ha kdi-ze a-taⁿ ti-a-ti kaⁿ a-kda-niⁿ de (é ettá tąhá kdíze áttą ttiátti ką ákdanį́ dé) - it was hers-because-she took her own-and-into the house-so-she carried her own [JOD]

► ex: e sh’a-ke niⁿ-kʰe ki-ta-ni taⁿ e-zhaⁿ-ke e-ta taⁿ kaⁿ-tʰaⁿ (e šʔáke nįkʰé kitáni tą ežą́ke ettá tą ką-tʰą́) - he, the old man sat smoking, while his daughter stood [JOD]

► ex: ti e-ta tʰe-ti ki (ttí ettá tʰétti kí) - he arrived/returned to his lodge [JOD]

► ex: iⁿ-da wi-te-ke e-ta-we di-da-tʰe ta-i-tʰe (įdá wítteke ettáwe dídatʰé taitʰé) - my mother, my uncle, theirs (offspring), they will eat you [JOD]

► ex: wi-zhoⁿ-de wi-ti-to i-niⁿ-ha, shi-zhi-ka e-ta-we e-naⁿ-hi o-shte ke, wi-e naⁿ-hi naⁿ-haⁿ e-ti miⁿ-kʰe (wižǫ́de wittítto inįhá, šižíka ettáwe enąhí ošté ke, wíe nąhí nąhą́ ettí mįkʰé) - my elder sister and elder brother, their children are all that is left, I am the eldest [JOD]

► Dhegiha: e-ta (eta) - his or her own [Omaha]; i-ʰta (i-ṭá) - his or hers [FL-Osage]; i-ʰta (íʰta) - be his/hers, theirs, belong to him/her, them [CQ-Osage]; i-ta (itá), (íta) - his, her, hers, its, their(s); be one’s; belong to [Kaw]

hiss

► da-zi-te (dazítte) - hiss ► bda-zi-te (bdázitte) - I, ta-zi-te (ttázitte) - you

► cf. da-zho-te (dážotté) - squeal, whistle shrilly

► Dhegiha: zi-de (zidé) - hiss, hissing sound of air escaping [Omaha/Ponca]

► di-kaⁿ (diką́) - hissing or cutting sound ► bdi-kaⁿ (bdíką) - I, ti-kaⁿ (ttíką) - you

hit an object carefully, softly

► a-ka-ze hi o-tʰiⁿ (ákaze hí otʰį́) - to hit an object softly or carefully

► cf. a-ka-ze (ákaze) - carefully, softly; hi (hi) - very; o-tʰiⁿ (otʰį́) - strike, slap, hit

► ex: a-ka-ze hi o-da-tʰiⁿ (ákaze hí odátʰį) - you hit an object softly or carefully

hit an object carefully, thoughtfully

► i-di-knaⁿ hi o-tʰiⁿ (ídikną hi otʰį́) - hit an object carefully, thoughtfully

► cf. i-di-kdaⁿ (ídikdą), i-di-knaⁿ (ídikną) - thoughtfully, deliberately, think, decide, form an opinion, plan; hi (hi) - very; o-tʰiⁿ (otʰį́) - strike, slap, hit

► Dhegiha: hi-goⁿ i-thi-gthoⁿ (hígoⁿ íthigthoⁿ) - tell slowly, deliberately, to tell a myth, legemd, or fable slowly and deliberately [Omaha/Ponca]; i-thi-gthoⁿ (ithigthoⁿ) - thought, idea [Omaha]; i-thi-gthoⁿ (í-thi-gthoⁿ) - slowly, or at a slow pace [FL-Osage]; i-thi-gthoⁿ (í-thi-gthoⁿ) - to think, to consider, to study, to contemplate [FL-Osage]; i-thi-laⁿ (íðilą) - have on one’s mind, think about, want, wish [CQ-Osage]; i-yu-laⁿ (íyulaⁿ) - proceed carefully (deliberately), decide, form an opinion, judge [Kaw]

Hit in the Breast

► maⁿ-ke o-tʰiⁿ (mą́ke otʰį́) - Hit in the Breast, male name [MS]

► cf. maⁿ-ke (mą́ke), maⁿiⁿ-ke (mąį́ke), moiⁿ-ke (moį́ke) - chest, chest of a male; o-tʰiⁿ (otʰį́) - strike, slap, hit

hit one’s own

► i-ki-tʰiⁿ (íkitʰį) - hit one’s own ► i-da-ki-tʰiⁿ (idákitʰį) - I, i-da-ki-tʰiⁿ (ídakitʰį) - you

► cf. i-tʰiⁿ (itʰį́) - hit, strike with something; i-ki-tʰiⁿ-ye (íkitʰį́ye) - to have hit one’s own; i-ki-tʰiⁿ (íkkitʰį) - hit oneself with something; o-ki-tʰiⁿ (okítʰį) - strike one’s own

► Dhegiha: i-tʰiⁿ (í-tʰiⁿ) - to hit an object with something the name of which precedes the verb [Omaha/Ponca]; i-tsiⁿ (í-tsiⁿ) - club, hatchet [FL-Osge]; i-tsʰiⁿ (iicʰį́) - hit with, strike with [CQ-Osage]; i-chiⁿ (íchiⁿ) - strike with something [Kaw]

hit one’s own

► kda-sa (kdasá) - to hit one’s own [JOD]

► cf. ka-za (kazá), ga-za (gazá) - whip; i-ka-za (íkaza) - whip; to hit with

► ex: we-kda-sa (wékdasá) - he hit them with what belonged to their kinsman [JOD]

► ex: “ka-hi-ke taⁿ-ka t’e-di-ki-de ni-kʰa-she shoⁿ-te niⁿ-kʰe she iⁿ,” i-we-ki taⁿ we-kda-sa i-ya (kahíke ttą́ka tʔédikidé nikʰáše šǫté nįkʰe šé į,” iwéki tą wékdasá iyá) - “you’all whose principal chief has been killed, here are the testicles,” he (rabbit) said to them (black bears), when he (rabbit) whipped them with it (their chief’s testicles), it is said (they say) [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ga-sa-pi (ga-sa-pi) - to use a whip [JOD-Omaha]; ga-sa-pi (gaçapi) - lash, whip [Omaha]; ga-za-za-be (ga-çá-ça-be) - to whip with a switch or quirt, to thrash with a whip [FL-Osage]; ga-sa-pe (gasápe), ga-sa-phe (gasáphe) - whip, percussion cap, make a clapping sound [Kaw]

hit oneself

► o-ki-tʰiⁿ (okkítʰį) - hit oneself ► o-a-ki-tʰiⁿ (oákkitʰį) - I, o-da-ki-tʰiⁿ (odákkitʰį) - you

► cf. o-tʰiⁿ (otʰį́) - strike, slap, hit; ki (kkí) - oneself

► Dhegiha: u-tiⁿ (utiⁿ) - beat, hit, spank, strike, a blow, club [Omaha]; u-tʰiⁿ (utʰíⁿ) - to hit or strike him [Omaha/Ponca]; u-tsiⁿ (ú-tsiⁿ) - to maul, to beat, to pound, to strike, to give a drubbing, to thrash [FL-Osage]; o-tsʰiⁿ (ocʰí) - whip strongly, beat up, spank or get someone, drub, thrash [CQ-Osage]; o-tsʰiⁿ (ócʰį) - hit or beat things, such as a drum [CQ-Osage]; o-chiⁿ (ochíⁿ) - hit [Kaw]

hit oneself with something

► i-ki-tʰiⁿ (íkkitʰį) - hit oneself with something ► i-da-ki-tʰiⁿ (idákkitʰį) - I, i-da-ki-tʰiⁿ (ídakkitʰį) - you

► cf. i-tʰiⁿ (itʰį́) - hit, strike with something; i-ki-tʰiⁿ (íkitʰį) - hit one’s own; i-ki-tʰiⁿ-ye (íkitʰį́ye) - to have hit one’s own; o-ki-tʰiⁿ (okkítʰį) - hit oneself

► Dhegiha: i-tʰiⁿ (í-tʰiⁿ) - to hit an object with something the name of which precedes the verb [Omaha/Ponca]; i-tsiⁿ (í-tsiⁿ) - club, hatchet [FL-Osge]; i-tsʰiⁿ (iicʰį́) - hit with, strike with [CQ-Osage]; i-chiⁿ (íchiⁿ) - strike with something [Kaw]

hit repeatedly with something

► i-tʰiⁿ-tʰiⁿ (ítʰįtʰį) - hit repeatedly with something ► i-da-tʰiⁿ-tʰiⁿ (idátʰįtʰį) - I, i-da-tʰiⁿ-tʰiⁿ (ídatʰįtʰį) - you

► cf. i-tʰiⁿ (itʰį́) - hit, strike with something; o-tʰiⁿ-tʰiⁿ (otʰį́tʰį) - pat

► Dhegiha: i-tʰiⁿ (í-tʰiⁿ) - to hit an object with something the name of which precedes the verb [Omaha/Ponca]; i-tsiⁿ (í-tsiⁿ) - club, hatchet [FL-Osge]; i-tsʰiⁿ (iicʰį́) - hit with, strike with [CQ-Osage]; i-chiⁿ (íchiⁿ) - strike with something [Kaw]

hit softly, lightly

► i-we-pi-aⁿ (íweppią́) - hit softly, lightly ► i-we-pi-maⁿ (íweppimą́) - I, i-we-shpi-zhaⁿ (íwešpižą́) - you

► cf. i-we-pi-aⁿ-hi (íweppią́hi) - pull, bite, tug gently on something

hit, pelt with snow, mud, etc.

► o-do-tʰiⁿ (odótʰį) - pelt, hit with snow, mud, etc. ► o-do-a-tʰiⁿ (odóatʰį) - I, o-do-da-tʰiⁿ (odódatʰį) - you

► cf. o-tʰiⁿ (otʰį́) - strike, slap, hit

hit, strike on behalf of someone else

► o-ki-tʰiⁿ (okítʰį) - strike on behalf of someone else

► cf. o-tʰiⁿ (otʰį́) - strike, slap, hit; ki (kí) - for someone, on behalf of someone

► Dhegiha: u-tiⁿ (utiⁿ) - beat, hit, spank, strike, a blow, club [Omaha]; u-tʰiⁿ (utʰíⁿ) - to hit or strike him [Omaha/Ponca]; u-tsiⁿ (ú-tsiⁿ) - to maul, to beat, to pound, to strike, to give a drubbing, to thrash [FL-Osage]; o-tsʰiⁿ (ocʰí) - whip strongly, beat up, spank or get someone, drub, thrash [CQ-Osage]; o-tsʰiⁿ (ócʰį) - hit or beat things, such as a drum [CQ-Osage]; o-chiⁿ (ochíⁿ) - hit [Kaw]

hit, strike one’s own

► o-ki-tʰiⁿ (okítʰį) - strike one’s own ► o-a-ki-tʰiⁿ (oákitʰį) - I, o-da-ki-tʰiⁿ (odákitʰį) - you

► cf. o-tʰiⁿ (otʰį́) - strike, slap, hit; ki (kí) - one’s own

► Dhegiha: u-gi-tiⁿ (u-gí-tiⁿ) - to hit his own relation or property [JOD-Omaha]; u-gi-ti ⁿ(ú-gi-tiⁿ) - to hit them (animate objects, his own property [JOD-Omaha]

hit, strike with something

► i-tʰiⁿ (itʰį́) - hit, strike with something ► i-da-tʰiⁿ (idátʰį) - I, i-da-tʰiⁿ (ídatʰį) - you

► cf. i-tʰiⁿ-tʰiⁿ (ítʰįtʰį) - hit repeatedly with something; i-tʰiⁿ-ye (ítʰįye) - to have hit; i-ki-tʰiⁿ (íkkitʰį) - hit oneself with something; i-ki-tʰiⁿ (íkitʰį) - hit one’s own; i-ki-tʰiⁿ-ye (íkitʰį́ye) - to have hit one’s own; iⁿ-tʰiⁿ (į́tʰį) - stick, club [JOD]; ma-ze iⁿ-tʰiⁿ (máze į́tʰį) - sword, lit. “iron striker”; o-tʰiⁿ (otʰį́) - strike, slap, hit

► ex: naⁿ-pe bda-ska i-tʰiⁿ (nąpé bdaská itʰį́) - slap, lit. “hit with flat hand”

► Dhegiha: i-tʰiⁿ (í-tʰiⁿ) - to hit an object with something the name of which precedes the verb [Omaha/Ponca]; i-tsiⁿ (í-tsiⁿ) - club, hatchet [FL-Osge]; i-tsʰiⁿ (iicʰį́) - hit with, strike with [CQ-Osage]; i-chiⁿ (íchiⁿ) - strike with something [Kaw]

hit, strike, slap

► o-tʰiⁿ (otʰį́) - strike, slap, hit ► o-a-tʰiⁿ (oátʰį) - I, o-da-tʰiⁿ (odátʰį) - you, oⁿ-ko-tʰiⁿ-we (ǫkótʰįwe) - we

► cf. o-tʰiⁿ-kde (otʰį́kde) - touch, tap to gain attention; o-tʰiⁿ-tʰiⁿ (otʰį́tʰį) - pat; o-tʰiⁿ-ye (otʰį́-ye) - to have struck, etc.; de-ho-di-ki o-tʰiⁿ (dehodíkki otʰį́) - drumstick [MS]; de-xo-di-tiⁿ o-tʰiⁿ (d^¢exud^¢itiⁿ utiⁿ) - drum, beat drum, strike [JOD]; i-tʰiⁿ (itʰį́) - hit, strike with something;

► ex: o-wa-tʰiⁿ (owátʰį) - I hit him [MS]

► ex: o-wi-tʰiⁿ (owítʰį) - I hit you

► ex: a-ka-ze hi o-da-tʰiⁿ (ákaze hí odátʰį) - you hit an object softly or carefully

► ex: o-aⁿ-tʰiⁿ (oą́tʰį) - she/he hit me

► ex: o-aⁿ-da-tʰiⁿ (oą́datʰį) - you hit me

► Dhegiha: u-tiⁿ (utiⁿ) - beat, hit, spank, strike, a blow, club [Omaha]; u-tʰiⁿ (utʰíⁿ) - to hit or strike him [Omaha/Ponca]; u-tsiⁿ (ú-tsiⁿ) - to maul, to beat, to pound, to strike, to give a drubbing, to thrash [FL-Osage]; o-tsʰiⁿ (ocʰí) - whip strongly, beat up, spank or get someone, drub, thrash [CQ-Osage]; o-tsʰiⁿ (ócʰį) - hit or beat things, such as a drum [CQ-Osage]; o-chiⁿ (ochíⁿ) - hit [Kaw]

hit, to have hit

► i-tʰiⁿ-ye (ítʰįye) - to have hit ► i-da-tʰiⁿ-ye (idátʰįye) - I, i-da-tʰiⁿ-ye (ídatʰįye) - you

► cf. i-tʰiⁿ (itʰį́) - hit, strike with something; ye (-ye) - past, incl. all motion verbs; i-ki-tʰiⁿ-ye (íkitʰį́ye) - to have hit one’s own

► Dhegiha: i-tʰiⁿ (í-tʰiⁿ) - to hit an object with something the name of which precedes the verb [Omaha/Ponca]; i-tsiⁿ (í-tsiⁿ) - club, hatchet [FL-Osge]; i-tsʰiⁿ (iicʰį́) - hit with, strike with [CQ-Osage]; i-chiⁿ (íchiⁿ) - strike with something [Kaw]

hit, to have hit one’s own

► i-ki-tʰiⁿ-ye (íkitʰį́ye) - to have hit one’s own

► cf. i-ki-tʰiⁿ (íkitʰį) - hit one’s own; ye (ye) - past, including all motion verbs, past suffix, perfective aspect; i-tʰiⁿ (itʰį́) - hit, strike with something; i-tʰiⁿ-ye (ítʰįye) - to have hit

► Dhegiha: i-tʰiⁿ (í-tʰiⁿ) - to hit an object with something the name of which precedes the verb [Omaha/Ponca]; i-tsiⁿ (í-tsiⁿ) - club, hatchet [FL-Osge]; i-tsʰiⁿ (iicʰį́) - hit with, strike with [CQ-Osage]; i-chiⁿ (íchiⁿ) - strike with something [Kaw]

hit, to hit with, whip

► i-ka-za (íkaza) - whip; to hit with

► i-ka-sa (ikasah) - whip (fouet) [GI]

► ex: i (í) by means of, with which to; ka-za (kazá), ga-za (gazá) - whip

► Dhegiha: ga-sa-pi (ga-sa-pi) - to use a whip [JOD-Omaha]; ga-sa-pi (gaçapi) - lash, whip [Omaha]; ga-za-za-be (ga-çá-ça-be) - to whip with a switch or quirt, to thrash with a whip [FL-Osage]; ga-sa-pe (gasápe), ga-sa-phe (gasáphe) - whip, percussion cap, make a clapping sound [Kaw]

hitting, break something by hitting it

► ka-xoⁿ (kaxǫ́) - break something by hitting it ► a-xoⁿ (áxǫ) - I, da-xoⁿ (dáxǫ) - you

► cf. ka (ka) - by striking; xoⁿ (xǫ́) - break, broken, broke

► Dhegiha: ga-xoⁿ (gaxoⁿ) - break by striking [Omaha]; ga-xoⁿ (ga-xóⁿ) - to break anything by striking it [FL-Osage]; ka-xoⁿ (kaaxǫ́) - break by striking (a long object such as a stick), break off (a long object such as a stick) [CQ-Osage]; ga-xoⁿ (gaxóⁿ) - break as a stick, nail, ear of corn by striking [Kaw]

hitting, cracking sound hitting something

► ka-to-zhe (kattóže) - cracking sound hitting something ► a-to-zhe (áttože) - I, da-to-zhe (dáttože) - you

► cf. ba-to-zhe (battóže) - crack, make sound pushing; bi-to-zhe (bittóže) - crack, make sound by pressure; naⁿ-pe di-to-zhe (nąpé dittóže) - crack one's finger joints; naⁿ-to-zhe (nąttóže) - crack, make sound by treading; pa-to-zhe (páttože) - cracking sound, make with knife; po-to-zhe (póttože) - crack, make sound thrusting; ta-to-zhe (táttože) - cracking sound made by burning

hitting, fail in hitting at something

► ka-knoⁿ-da (kaknǫ́da) - fail in hitting at something ► a-knoⁿ-da (áknǫda) - I, da-knoⁿ-da (dáknǫnda) - you

► cf. ka (ka) - by striking; ba-knoⁿ-da (baknǫ́da) - miss when thrusting at; bi-knoⁿ-da (biknǫ́da) - miss, slip from under; da-knoⁿ-da (daknǫ́da) - snap at and miss; di-kdoⁿ-da (dikdǫ́da) - fumble, let slip, fail to hold; naⁿ-knoⁿ-da (nąknǫ́da) - kick at and be evaded; pa-knoⁿ-da (páknǫda) - miss cutting something elusive; po-knoⁿ-da (póknǫda) - miss in shooting or thrusting

► Dhegiha: ga-gthoⁿ-tha (ga-gthóⁿ-tha) - failure to knock a man down by striking him [FL-Osage]; ga-laⁿ-ya (galáⁿya) - fail to knock down or kill by striking, fail to cut wood, as with an ax, caused by the ax's brushing or slipping by the object without hitting it [Kaw]

hitting, turn by hitting, knock around

► ka-bni-da (kabnída) - knock around, turn by hitting ► a-bni-da (ábnida) - I, da-bni-da (dábnida) - you, oⁿ-ka-bni-da-we (ǫkábnidawe) - we

► Dhegiha: ga-bthi-zhe (ga-bthí-zhe) - to knock one down with the fist [FL-Osage]; ga-bli-zhe (gablízhe), ga-blu-zhe (gablúzhe) - knock down by striking; wind to knock down suddenly by blowing on [Kaw]

hoarse

► ta-ta wa-taⁿ-iⁿ-zhi (ttattá watą́įži) - hoarse voice, to whisper ► aⁿwa-taⁿ-iⁿ-zhi (ąwátąįží) - I, wa-di-taⁿ-iⁿ-zhi (wadítąįží) - you

► cf. ta-ta (ttattá) - voice; taⁿ-iⁿ-zhi (ttą́įži) - invisible, out of sight

hobble

► he-koⁿ-kde (hekkǫ́kde) - hobble along

► he-koⁿ-kde ka-xe (hekkǫ́kde káγe) - hobble

► cf. he-koⁿ-kde (hekkǫ́kde) - hobble along; ka-xe (káγe) - make, do, cause

► he-koⁿ-kde kʰi-de (hekkǫ́kdekʰíde) - hobble as a horse ► he-koⁿ-kde a-kʰi-de (hekkǫ́kde akʰide) - I, he-koⁿ-kde da-kʰi-de (hekkǫ́kde dakʰide) - you

► cf. he-koⁿ-kde (hekkǫ́kde) - hobble along; kʰi-de (kʰíde) - cause to

► i-hi-kaⁿ-kde (íhikką́kde) - hobbles

► Dhegiha: hi-ʰkoⁿ-i-thi-ze (hí-ḳoⁿ-i-thi-çe) - to hobble [FL-Osage]; hi-ʰkoⁿ-a-se (hí-ḳoⁿ-a-çe) - to fetter a horse [FL-Osage]; hi-kaⁿ-a-se (híkaⁿàse) - hobbles; straps or loops placed around the legs to restrain horses [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: hi-ʰkoⁿ (hí-ḳoⁿ) - ankles [FL-Osage]; hi-ʰkaⁿ (híiʰką) - ankle [CQ-Osage]; hu-kaⁿ yu-shoⁿ (húkaⁿ yushóⁿ) - ankle [Kaw]

Hochank, Winnebago

► ho taⁿ-ka (hú-tañ-k͓a) - Kwapa name for the Winnebago Indians [JOD]

► cf. ho taⁿ-ka (hŭk-takah) - shout, yell, scream, call (crier) [GI]; ho-taⁿ (hóttą) - cry out, roar; ga-ho-taⁿ (gahóttą) - whirr, roar; ga-ho-taⁿ-de (gahóttąde) - whirr, hum, roar; naⁿ-ho-taⁿ (nąhóttą) - cry out from being stepped on; ho (ho) - voice; o-ho (oho) - bark, as a dog

► Dhegiha: hu toⁿ-ga (hútoⁿga) - Winnebago, Hocank, the winnebagos or hocank tribe [Omaha/Ponca]; hu toⁿ-ga (hútoⁿga) - Winnebago Indian [Omaha]; ho ʰtoⁿ-ga (hó-ṭoⁿ-ga), hu ʰtoⁿ-ga (hú-ṭoⁿ-ga) - Winnebago Tribe [Osage]; ho-ʰtaⁿ-ka (hóʰtąka) - Winnebago (Hochunk) tribe or tribal member [CQ-Osage]; ho taⁿ-ga (hótaⁿga) - Hochank, also known as Winnebago: tribe or person, these are related to the Dhegiha (Kansa, Omaha, Ponca, Osage, Quapaw), the Chiwere (Ioway, Otoe, Missouria, and including Winnebago/Hochank) and the Dakotan (Lakota, Dakota, Assiniboine, Stoney), it is also a name used by the Assiniboine and the Hochank in reference to themselves, where it is interpreted as “big voice,” “loud voice,” or “rough voice” [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: hu tʰoⁿ (hútʰoⁿ) - to cry out, roar, bellow, said of the cries of all animals except humans and hogs [Omaha]; ho-ʰtoⁿ (hóṭoⁿ) - the cry or call of animals or birds [FL-Osage]; ho-ʰtaⁿ (hóoʰtą) - yell, holler, shout, lit., “loud voice”, sing or sound out, make a loud sound, make animal sounds [CQ-Osage]; ho-taⁿ (hótaⁿ) - cry of an animal; an animal’s characteristic cry, a single term used to convey notions such as roar, bellow, whinny, caw, etc. [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: hu (hu) - voice, sound [Omaha/Ponca]; hu (hu) - voice, vocal, howl [Omaha]; ho (hó), hu (hú) - voice [FL-Osage]; ho (hóo) - voice, bark, moo, quack, etc., make an animal noise [CQ-Osage]; ho (ho) - voice [Kaw]

hoe, cultivate

► i-x’aⁿ (íxʔą́), i-x’oⁿ (ixʔǫ́) - hoe, cultivate ► i-da-x’aⁿ (idáxʔą) - I, i-da-x’aⁿ (ídaxʔą) - you

► cf. we-x’aⁿ (wéxʔą) - hoe, iron weeding hoe

► Dhegiha: i-oⁿ (íoⁿ) - cultivate [Omaha]; i-ʰk’oⁿ (í-ḳ’oⁿ) - to cultivate growing corn, beans, and squash [FL-Osage]

hoe, dig with a grubbing hoe

► k’e (kʔe) - dig with a grubbing hoe ► a-k’e (akʔé) - I, da-k’e (dakʔé) - we

► cf. zhoⁿ-koⁿ da-k’e (žǫ́kkǫ dakʔé), zhoⁿ-koⁿ i-da-k’e (žǫ́kkǫ ídakʔé) - hoe, grubbing

► ex: to k’e de-naⁿ-wi (tó kʔe dé-ną-wi) - they usually dig for potatoes [JOD]

► ex: to k’e pa-i (to kʔe pá-i) - they were digging potatoes [JOD]

► ex: shi-naⁿ wa-naⁿ-bde ki-ha naⁿ to k’e da-we (šiną́ waną́bde kihá ną tó kʔe dáwe) - when they finished eating, they went to dig potatoes again [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ’e (’e) - dig, pare, peel [Omaha/Ponca]; e (e) - they excavate [Omaha]; ʰk’e (ḳ’e) - to dig [FL-Osage]; k’e (kʔé) - dig, dig up [CQ-Osage]; k’e (k’e) - dig [Kaw]

hoe, grubbing hoe

► zhoⁿ-koⁿ da-k’e (žǫ́kkǫ dakʔé) - grubbing hoe

► cf. zhaⁿ-kaⁿ (žą́kką) - root; zhaⁿ (žą), zhoⁿ (žǫ) - wood, tree; koⁿ (kkǫ), kaⁿ (kką) - root of a plant, sinew, string, line; k’e (kʔe) - dig with a grubbing hoe

► Dhegiha: zhoⁿ-koⁿ (zhoⁿkoⁿ) - root [Omaha]; zhoⁿ-koⁿ (zhoⁿkóⁿ) - a root, the roots of trees etc. [Omaha/Ponca]; zhoⁿ-ʰkoⁿ (zhoⁿ-ḳoⁿ) - roots of any plant or tree [FL-Osage]; zhaⁿ k’aⁿ (žą́ą kʔą) - root or roots of a tree, bush, etc. [CQ-Osage]; zhaⁿ-kaⁿ (zháⁿkaⁿ) - root of a plant or tree [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ’e (’e) - dig, pare, peel [Omaha/Ponca]; e (e) - they excavate [Omaha]; ʰk’e (ḳ’e) - to dig [FL-Osage]; k’e (kʔé) - dig, dig up [CQ-Osage]; k’e (k’e) - dig [Kaw]

hoe, iron weeding hoe

► we-x’aⁿ (wéxʔą) - hoe, iron weeding hoe

► cf. we (we) - with which to; i-x’aⁿ (íxʔą́), i-x’oⁿ (ixʔǫ́) - hoe, cultivate

► zhoⁿ-koⁿ i-da-k’e (žǫ́kkǫ ídakʔé) - grubbing hoe

► cf. zhaⁿ-kaⁿ (žą́kką) - root; zhaⁿ (žą), zhoⁿ (žǫ) - wood, tree; koⁿ (kkǫ), kaⁿ (kką) - root of a plant, sinew, string, line; i (í) - instrumental, with which to; k’e (kʔe) - dig with a grubbing hoe

► Dhegiha: zhoⁿ-koⁿ (zhoⁿkoⁿ) - root [Omaha]; zhoⁿ-koⁿ (zhoⁿkóⁿ) - a root, the roots of trees etc. [Omaha/Ponca]; zhoⁿ-ʰkoⁿ (zhoⁿ-ḳoⁿ) - roots of any plant or tree [FL-Osage]; zhaⁿ k’aⁿ (žą́ą kʔą) - root or roots of a tree, bush, etc. [CQ-Osage]; zhaⁿ-kaⁿ (zháⁿkaⁿ) - root of a plant or tree [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ’e (’e) - dig, pare, peel [Omaha/Ponca]; e (e) - they excavate [Omaha]; ʰk’e (ḳ’e) - to dig [FL-Osage]; k’e (kʔé) - dig, dig up [CQ-Osage]; k’e (k’e) - dig [Kaw]

hog, ground hog

► xo-ka (xóka) - ground hog, possibly badger

► Dhegiha: xu-ga (qúga) - badger [Omaha/Ponca]; xu-ga (xúga) - badger [Omaha]; xo-ga (xó-ga) - badger [FL-Osage]; xo-ka (xóoka) - badger [CQ-Osage]; xoⁿ-ga (xóⁿga) - badger [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: moⁿ-thiⁿ xu-de (moⁿthíⁿqude) - prairie dog [Omaha/Ponca]; moⁿ-thiⁿ xu-de (moⁿthiⁿ xude) - ground hog, prairie dog [Omaha]; moⁿ-thiⁿ xo-dse (moⁿ-thíⁿ-xo-dse) - a prairie dog [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-yiⁿ xo-je zhiⁿ-ga (maⁿyíⁿxòje zhìⁿga), maⁿ-yiⁿ xo-je hiⁿ-ga (maⁿyíⁿxòje hìⁿga) - prairie dog [Kaw]

hog, pig

► siⁿ-te shta (sįtté šta) - hog, pig

► siⁿ-te shta (sįtté šta) - pig [MS, AB]

► siⁿ-te shta (sin-teschtah) - pig, hog (cochon) [GI]

► cf. siⁿ-te (sį́tte) - tail; shta (šta) - smooth, bald, bare; siⁿ-te shta xo-te (sįtté šta xótte) - opossum

► ex: siⁿ-te shta zhiⁿ-ka (sin-teschtah-jinkeh) - piglet, suckling pig (cochon de lait) [GI]

► Dhegiha: siⁿ-e sta (çíⁿ-e-sta) - opossum, the opossum is used by the Osage for food [FL-Osage]; siⁿ-shta (sį́štaa) - possum, literally, smooth squirrel [CQ-Osage]; siⁿ-je shta (síⁿje shta) - possum [Kaw]

hold a note singing

► da-ste-te (dastétte) - hold a note singing ► bda-ste-te (bdástette) - I, ta-ste-te (ttástette) - you

► cf. da (da) - by mouth; ste-te (stétte) - tall, long

hold a soft object

► di-shtoⁿ-ka (dištǫ́ka) - hold a soft object ► bdi-shtoⁿ-ka (bdíštǫka) - I, ti-shtoⁿ-ka (ttíštǫka) - you

► cf. di (di) - by hand, pulling; shtoⁿ-ka (štǫká), shtaⁿ-ka (štąka) - soft; naⁿ-ta o-shtaⁿ-ka (nąttá oštąká) - ear lobe; a-bi-shtaⁿ-ka (ábištąka) - sit softly on, as when a horse is saddled with a blanket; pa-zhiⁿ-zhe o-shtaⁿ-ka (ppažį́že oštą́ka) - nose, tip, “soft part”; wa-shtaⁿ-ka (waštą́ka) - green corn

► Dhegiha: thi-shtoⁿ-ga (thishtoⁿga) - soften [Omaha]; thi-shtoⁿ-ga (thi-shtóⁿ-ga) - to soften the skin by working with the hands [FL-Osage]; yu-shtoⁿ-ga (yushtóⁿga) - soften, take hold of a soft object [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: shtoⁿ-ga (shtoⁿgá) - soft, puffy, bunched [Omaha/Ponca]; shtoⁿ-ga (shtoⁿga) - soft [Omaha]; shtoⁿ-ga (shtoⁿ-ga) - soft [FL-Osage]; shtoⁿ-ka (štǫ́ka) - soft [CQ-Osage]; shtoⁿ-ga (shtoⁿgá) - be soft [Kaw]

hold along the edge for someone

► ki-di-zi-pa (kídizippa) - hold along the edge for someone ► a-bdi-zi-pa (ábdizíppa) - I, da-ti-zi-pa (dáttizíppa) - you

► cf. ba-zi-pa (bazíppa) - edge, nudge, push on edge; bi-zi-pa (bizíppa) - sit/lie on the edge, to perch; da-zi-pa (dazíppa) - bite along the edge, nip; di-zi-pa (dizíppa) - grasp or hold by the edge; ka-zi-pa (kazíppa) - chop, cut at the edge; kdi-zi-pa (kdizíppa) - hold, grasp edge of one's own; naⁿ-zi-pa (nązíppa) - walk along the edge of something; pa-zi-pa (pázippa) - cut along the edge with a knife; po-zi-pa (pózippa) - punch along the edge of something; ta-zi-pa (tázippa) - burn along the edge of something

hold down

► a-bi-saⁿ-te (ábisątte) - catch by pressing on; hold down, e.g., on his back; lie on something ► a-pi-saⁿ-te (áppisątte) - I, a-shpi-saⁿ-te (ášpisątte) - you, oⁿ-ka-pi-saⁿ-ta-we (ǫkápisąttawe) - we

► cf. a-bi-saⁿ-te zhaⁿ (ábisątte žą́) - roll over on something; throw oneself down on; a-bi-saⁿ-te-zhi (ábisąttéži) - press down on, weight, hold down; o-bi-saⁿ-te (obísątte) - pull something between two objects

► ex: ka-ki-kda-ti-zhe aⁿ-bi-saⁿ-te (kakkíkdattiže ą́bisątté) - he tumbled over and lay on me

► ex: maⁿ-da a-bi-saⁿ-te naⁿ i-ya (mą́da ábisątte ną iyá) - he held him down on his back, it is said

► ex: wa-bi-saⁿ-ta-we (wábisąttawe) - he or they lay on us

► ex: wa-tʰe a-bi-saⁿ-te koi-tʰe di-ha-knaⁿ da (watʰé ábisątte kóitʰe dihákną dá) - go iron your dress! [AG]

► Dhegiha: a-bi-soⁿ-dse (á-bi-çoⁿ-dse) - to press to the ground [FL-Osage]; a-pi-saⁿ (ápisą) - mash, push down on, shut, close, hold down [CQ-Osage]; a-bu-saⁿ-je (ábusaⁿje) - press down on with the hands, as in catching a bird or rabbit; to press or bear hard on, as with a chair leg; to run and jump on something, wrestle [Kaw]; a-ki-bu-saⁿ-je (ákíbusaⁿje) - to wrestle each other [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: a-ba-soⁿ-de (ábasoⁿde) - push, to push together with the hand against something which is on something else, as a pen on paper [Omaha/Ponca]; i-bi-soⁿ-de (íbisóⁿde) - narrow, a narrow place, as a ledge at the base of a cliff above a stream [Omaha/Ponca]; ba-soⁿ-de (baçoⁿde) - crease, press together [Omaha]; u-bi-soⁿ-de (ubiçoⁿde) - compact, crowded [Omaha]; moⁿ-ze a-noⁿ-soⁿ-de (moⁿçe anoⁿçoⁿde) - brassiere [Omaha]; soⁿ-soⁿ-de (çoⁿçoⁿde) - close together [Omaha]; a-ba-soⁿ-dse (á-ba-çoⁿ-dse) - to push one against a tree or a door, to lace up a shoe [FL-Osage]; a-thi-soⁿ-dse (á-thi-çoⁿ-dse) - to hold firmly between the hands or fingers, to squeeze; to clasp one’s legs around a horse when riding bareback, [FL-Osage]; i-noⁿ-soⁿ-dse (í-noⁿ-çoⁿ-dse) - to take shelter behind someth, as protection [FL-Osage]; a-ba-saⁿ-je (ábasaⁿje) - push against something, as a door to keep it closed; have sex with [Kaw]; a-ga-saⁿ-je (ágasaⁿje) - to make tight by nailing on, as tarred paper on the inside of a house; nail down tight [Kaw]; a-naⁿ-saⁿ-je (ánaⁿsáⁿje) - stamp on something (to anchor it), to bring down the feet suddenly on a paper, etc., to keep it from being blown away [Kaw]; a-ya-saⁿ-je (áyasaⁿje) - hold firmly with the teeth [Kaw]; a-yu-saⁿ-je (áyusaⁿje) - clamp something, hold firmly [Kaw]; iⁿ-yaⁿ-o-bu-saⁿ-je (iⁿyáⁿobusáⁿje) - gorge, narrow defile with stream [Kaw]

► a-bi-saⁿ-te-zhi (ábisąttéži) - press down on, weight, hold down ► a-bi-saⁿ-te a-zhi (ábisątte aži) - I, a-bi-saⁿ-te da-zhi (ábisątte daži) - you, a-bi-saⁿ-te oⁿ-zhi-we (ábisątte ǫžíwe) - we

► cf. a-bi-saⁿ-te (ábisątte) - catch by pressing on; hold down, e.g., on his back; lie on something; a-zhi (áži) - put small scattered, inanimate objects onto something; a-bi-saⁿ-te zhaⁿ (ábisątte žą́) - roll over on something; throw oneself down on; o-bi-saⁿ-te (obísątte) - pull something between two objects

► Dhegiha: a-zhu (á-zhu) - to put a number of articles on a rack [FL-Osage]; a-zhu (ážu) - put out, set out multiple items, place, array, display multiple items on top of something else; pour something on or over another surface; put a portable substance on something else [CQ-Osage]; a-zhu (ázhu) - put many objects on a surface of any thing [Kaw]

hold gun muzzle downward

► di-ba-s’iⁿ (díbasʔį́) - hold gun muzzle downward ► bdi-ba-s’iⁿ (bdíbasʔį) - I, ti-ba-s’iⁿ (ttíbasʔį) - you

► Dhegiha: thi-ba-ts’iⁿ (thi-bá-ts’iⁿ) - to turn a thing head downward, upside down [FL-Osage]; yu-ba-ts’iⁿ (yubáts’iⁿ) - bend or deflect something, force to stoop, to make one stoop or bow the head by pulling him by the hair, neck, or arm; to turn a gun muzzle downward [Kaw]

hold in the mouth

► da-pʰe (dapʰé) - hold in the mouth ► bda-pʰe (bdápʰé) - I, ta-pʰe (ttápʰé) - you

► cf. da (da) - by mouth

► Dhegiha: tha-pshe (tha-pshé) - to hold an object in the mouth [FL-Osage]; ya-phe (yaphé) - hold in the mouth, between the teeth [Kaw]

hold it down

► a-ka-spe i-he-de (ákaspe ihéde) - put a horizontal object on another to hold it down, e.g., a paper-weight ► a-ka-spi-he-a-de (ákaspihéade) - I, a-ka-spi-he-da-de (ákaspihédade) -you

► cf. a-ka-spe (ákaspe) - close, shut; cave in; i-he-de (ihéde) - put a horizontal object; a-ka-spi-naⁿ-de (ákaspiną́de) - put a squat (curvilinear) object on another to hold it down, e.g., a stone

► ex: a-ka-spa (ákaspá) - shut it!

► ex: ti-ze a-ka-spe zhi-ka i-tʰe-de (ttižé ákaspe žíka itʰéde) - to shut the door a little

► ex: ti-zhe a-ka-spe zhi-ka i-tʰe-da (ttižé ákaspe jíka itʰedá) - shut the door a little!

► ex: maⁿ-zi a-ka-spe (mą́azi ákaspe) - to cave in on, as a bank does

► ex: maⁿ-zi a-di-ka-spe na-ha (mą́azi ádikáspe nahá) - beware lest the bank cave in on you!

► Dhegiha: a-ga-spe (á-ga-çpe) - the falling of something heavy on a person or thing, to cover up an object [FL-Osage]; a-ka-spe (akáaspe) - shade, blind, covering [CQ-Osage]; a-ka-spe (ákaaspe) - put over, put upon, cover as with cloth or blanket, cover with dirt as a grave, cover over, cover up [CQ-Osage]; a-ga-spe (ágaspe), a-ga-spaⁿ (ágaspaⁿ) - cover completely, concealing every part [Kaw]

► a-ka-spi-naⁿ-de (ákaspiną́de) - put a squat (curvilinear) object on another to hold it down, e.g., a stone ► a-ka-spi-naⁿ-a-de (ákaspiną́ade) - I, a-ka-spi-naⁿ-da-de (ákaspiną́dade) - you

► cf. a-ka-spe (ákaspe) - close, shut; cave in; i-naⁿ-de (iną́de) - put sg/si/in or cloth/paper; a-ka-spe i-he-de (ákaspe ihéde) - put a horizontal object on another to hold it down, e.g., a paper-weight

► ex: a-ka-spa (ákaspá) - shut it!

► ex: ti-ze a-ka-spe zhi-ka i-tʰe-de (ttižé ákaspe žíka itʰéde) - to shut the door a little

► ex: ti-zhe a-ka-spe zhi-ka i-tʰe-da (ttižé ákaspe jíka itʰedá) - shut the door a little!

► ex: maⁿ-zi a-ka-spe (mą́azi ákaspe) - to cave in on, as a bank does

► ex: maⁿ-zi a-di-ka-spe na-ha (mą́azi ádikáspe nahá) - beware lest the bank cave in on you!

► Dhegiha: a-ga-spe (á-ga-çpe) - the falling of something heavy on a person or thing, to cover up an object [FL-Osage]; a-ka-spe (akáaspe) - shade, blind, covering [CQ-Osage]; a-ka-spe (ákaaspe) - put over, put upon, cover as with cloth or blanket, cover with dirt as a grave, cover over, cover up [CQ-Osage]; a-ga-spe (ágaspe), a-ga-spaⁿ (ágaspaⁿ) - cover completely, concealing every part [Kaw]

hold or grasp by the edge

► di-zi-pa (dizíppa) - grasp or hold by the edge ► bdi-zi-pa (bdízippa) - I, ti-zi-pa (ttízippa) - you

► cf. ba-zi-pa (bazíppa) - edge, nudge, push on edge; bi-zi-pa (bizíppa) - sit/lie on the edge, to perch; da-zi-pa (dazíppa) - bite along the edge, nip; ka-zi-pa (kazíppa) - chop, cut at the edge; kdi-zi-pa (kdizíppa) - hold, grasp edge of one's own; ki-di-zi-pa (kídizippa) - hold along the edge for someone; naⁿ-zi-pa (nązíppa) - walk along the edge of something; pa-zi-pa (pázippa) - cut along the edge with a knife; po-zi-pa (pózippa) - punch along the edge of something; ta-zi-pa (tázippa) - burn along the edge of something

hold or grasp edge of one’s own

► kdi-zi-pa (kdizíppa) - hold or grasp edge of one’s own ► a-kdi-zi-pa (akdízippa) - I, da-kdi-zi-pa (dakdízippa) - you

► cf. ba-zi-pa (bazíppa) - edge, nudge, push on edge; bi-zi-pa (bizíppa) - sit/lie on the edge, to perch; da-zi-pa (dazíppa) - bite along the edge, nip; di-zi-pa (dizíppa) - grasp or hold by the edge; ka-zi-pa (kazíppa) - chop, cut at the edge; ki-di-zi-pa (kídizippa) - hold along the edge for someone; naⁿ-zi-pa (nązíppa) - walk along the edge of something; pa-zi-pa (pázippa) - cut along the edge with a knife; po-zi-pa (pózippa) - punch along the edge of something; ta-zi-pa (tázippa) - burn along the edge of something

hold, fumble, let slip, fail to hold

► di-kdoⁿ-da (dikdǫ́da) - fumble, let slip, fail to hold ► bdi-kdoⁿ-da (bdíkdǫda) - I, ti-kdoⁿ-da (ttíkdǫda) - you

► cf. di (di) - by hand, pulling; ba-knoⁿ-da (baknǫ́da) - miss when thrusting at; bi-knoⁿ-da (biknǫ́da) - miss, slip from under; da-knoⁿ-da (daknǫ́da) - snap at and miss; ka-knoⁿ-da (kaknǫ́da) - fail in hitting at something; naⁿ-knoⁿ-da (nąknǫ́da) - kick at and be evaded; pa-knoⁿ-da (páknǫda) - miss cutting something elusive; po-knoⁿ-da (póknǫda) - miss in shooting or thrusting

► Dhegiha: thi-gthoⁿ-tha (thí-gthoⁿ-tha) - fail to get a good grip, to drop by accident [FL-Osage]; yu-laⁿ-ya (yuláⁿya), yu-laⁿ-ye (yulaⁿye) - miss or fumble in trying to grasp or pull an object which is too large to be handled [Kaw]

hold, grasp something for holding

► i-di-za-za (ídizáza) - hold, grasp something for holding ► i-bdi-za-za (íbdizáza) - I, i-ti-za-za (íttizáza) - you

► cf. i-kdi-za-za (íkdizáza) - stick to one here and there; i-di-ze (ídize) - pull up, uproot; di-ze (dizé) - get, take, receive

hold, holds door firm

► ti-zhe i-si-ze knaⁿ (ttižé isíze kną) - lock, lit. “holds door firm”

► cf. ti-zhe (ttíže), (ttižé) - door, entrance to a lodge; si-ze (síze) - hard, difficult, to be firm; knaⁿ (kną) - set, put; i-ye si-ze ni-ke ka-xe (íye sizénike káγe) - abrogate

hold, take hold of but fumble

► di-shta-te de-de (dištátte déde) - take hold of but fumble ► bdi-shta-te de-a-de (bdíštátte déade) - I, ti-shta-te de-da-de (ttíštátte dédade) - you

► cf. de-de (déde) - sent away, causative of go; di-shtaⁿ de-de (dištą́ dedé) - let go, free

► Dhegiha: yu-shta-je (yushtáje) - pick up suddenly, grab up, snatch up [Kaw]

hold, take hold of with the arms

► a o-doⁿ-de (a odǫ́de) - he locked arms [JOD]

► a o-naⁿ-de (a oną́de) - to hold with the arms

► a (a) - arm; o-naⁿ (oną́) - take hold of, seize, grasp; de (de) - cause

► ex: to-si a o-doⁿ-de a-taⁿ ti-a-ti a-niⁿ kdi (tosí a odǫ́de [oną́de] áttą ttiátti anį́ kdi) - under the arms-he locked arms-and-to the lodge-he brought her back [JOD]

► Dhegiha: u-thoⁿ (úthoⁿ) - arrest, grab, to take hold of or arrest them [Omaha/Ponca]; u-thoⁿ (uthóⁿ) - grasp, seize, hold, grab, to grasp or seize an animal or inanimate object [Omaha/Ponca]; u-thoⁿ (uthoⁿ) - catch, caught, clench, clasp, grasp, hold, handle [Omaha]; u-thoⁿ (u-thoⁿ) - to seize, to hold, to grasp [FL-Osage]

hold, take hold of, seize, grasp

► o-naⁿ (oną́) - take hold of, seize, grasp ► o-bnaⁿ (obną́) - I, o-taⁿ (ottą́) - you, oⁿ-ko-naⁿ-we (ǫkónąwe) - we

► ex: o-naⁿ (oną́) - he took hold of him [JOD]

► ex: o-wa-naⁿ (ówaną) - he grasped them [JOD]

► ex: ma-shtiⁿ-ke wa-sa naⁿ-pa ni-kʰa o-wa-naⁿ i-ya (maštį́ke wasá nąp͓á nikʰá ówaną iyá) - the rabbit took hold of the two black bears, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ miⁿ di-ze naⁿ ta-i-ta o-naⁿ a-taⁿ di-ba-xe naⁿ o-zhi-ha o-knaⁿ kaⁿ-niⁿ-kʰe (kóišǫ́ttą mį dizé ną ttáitta oną attą dibáxe ną óžiha okną ką́-nįkʰé) - then he grabbed one, held it by the neck and broke it, then put it in a bag [JOD]

► Dhegiha: u-thoⁿ (úthoⁿ) - arrest, grab, to take hold of or arrest them [Omaha/Ponca]; u-thoⁿ (uthóⁿ) - grasp, seize, hold, grab, to grasp or seize an animal or inanimate object [Omaha/Ponca]; u-thoⁿ (uthoⁿ) - catch, caught, clench, clasp, grasp, hold, handle [Omaha]; u-thoⁿ (u-thoⁿ) - to seize, to hold, to grasp [FL-Osage]

hole

► o-kdo (okdó) - hole, an artificial opening

► cf. o-da-kdo (odákdo) - gnaw holes in [JOD]; o-po-kto (opókto), o-po-xdo (opóxdo) - shoot through something; ba-xdo (baxdó), ba-xto (baxtó) - pierce, stab, perforate

hole, bore a hole

► o-di-x’o-te (odíxʔotte) - bore a hole ► o-bdi-x’o-te (obdíxʔotte) - I, o-ti-x’o-te (ottíxʔotte) - you

► cf. zhoⁿ i-di-di-x’o-te taⁿ-ka (žǫ́ idídixʔotte ttą́ka) - drill, auger; zhoⁿ i-di-di-x’o-te zhi-ka (žǫ́ idídixʔotte žíka) - gimlet; o-x’o-te (oxʔótte), o-x’o-de (oxʔóde) - hole, natural opening

► Dhegiha: u-thi-’u-de (uthi’ude) - bore, bored [Omaha]; u-thi-k’u-dse (u-thí-ḳ’u-dse) - to drill a hole [FL-Osage]; o-yu-k’o-je (oyúk’oje) - break a hole through a solid; to bore a hole with a brace and bit [Kaw]

hole, gnaw holes in

► o-da-kdo (odákdo) - gnaw holes in [JOD]

► cf. da (da) - by mouth; o-kdo (okdó) - hole, an artificial opening; o-po-kto (opókto), o-po-xdo (opóxdo) - shoot through something

► ex: zha-we ke maⁿ-te kʰe o-da-kdo ke (žawé ke mątté kʰe odákdo ké) - the beavers gnawed holes in the canoe [JOD]

► ex: o-da-kdo tʰaⁿ o-spe ke (odákdo tʰą́ ospé ke) - gnawed holes in it and it sank [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ba-gthu (bagthú) - to thrust at ice, in order to make a hole in it for horses, etc., to drink [Omaha/Ponca]

hole, natural opening

► o-x’o-te (oxʔótte), o-x’o-de (oxʔóde) - hole, natural opening

► cf. na-xi-te o-x’o-te (naxítte oxʔótte), na-xi-te o-x’o-de (naxítte oxʔóde) - meatus of the ear, the external opening; pa-zhiⁿ-zhe o-x’o-te (ppažį́že oxʔótte) - nostril(s); o-di-x’o-te (odíxʔotte) - bore a hole; zhoⁿ i-di-di-x’o-te taⁿ-ka (žǫ́ idídixʔotte ttą́ka) - drill, auger

► Dhegiha: u-’u-de (u’úde) - hole [Omaha/Ponca]; u-’u-te (uute) - hole [Omaha]; u-ʰk’u-dse (u-ḳ’ú-dse) - a hole, perforation, orifice [FL-Osage]; o-k’o-tse (okʔóce), o-k’o (okʔó) - hole [CQ-Osage]; o-k’o-je (ok’óje) - hole, aperture [Kaw]

hole, ruin by poking a hole in

► ba-shi-ke (bašiké) - ruin by poking a hole in ► pa-shi-ke (ppášike) - I, shpa-shi-ke (špášike) - you

► cf. ba (ba) - by pushing; shi-ke (šíke) - bad, ugly; bi-shi-ke (bišíke) - ruin by pressing, squash; da-shi-ke (dašíke) - speak badly of or incorrectly; di-shi-ke (díšiké) - ruin by tearing, do wrong; ka-shi-ke (kašíke) - spoil something by striking it; naⁿ-shi-ke (nąšíke) - spoil something by stepping on it; pa-shi-ke (pášike) - ruin by cutting with a knife; po-shi-ke (póšike) - spoil something by punching it; ta-shi-ke (tášíke) - ruin something by burning it

hole, smoke hole

► ti-ho-kaⁿ (ttíhokką) - smoke hole

► cf. ti-ho-kaⁿ i-da-ka-bniⁿ (ttíhokką idákabnį) - smoke hole flaps; ti-ho-kaⁿ a-kabniⁿ (ttíhokką ákabnį) - to close the triangular ends of the tent skins forming the smoke-hole

► Dhegiha: ti-hu-koⁿ (tíhukoⁿ) - smoke hole at the top of a lodge [Omaha/Ponca]; ti-hu-koⁿ (ti hukoⁿ) - stovepipe, smoke hole, flue chimney [Omaha]; ʰtsi-hu-ʰkoⁿ (ṭsí-hu-ḳoⁿ) - smoke hole of a tent or lodge [FL-Osage]; tsi-ho-ka (cíhoka) - smoke hole of a lodge, chimney [Kaw]

► ti-ho-kaⁿ i-da-ka-bniⁿ (ttíhokką idákabnį) - smoke hole flaps

► cf. ti-ho-kaⁿ (ttíhokką) - smoke hole; a-ka-bniⁿ (ákabnį) - cover, hang down evenly over an object

► ex: ti-ho-kaⁿ a-ka-bniⁿ (ttíhokką ákabnį) - to close the triangular ends of the tent skins forming the smoke-hole

► Dhegiha: ti hu-ga-bthiⁿ tha (ti hugabthiⁿ tha) - smoke flaps [Omaha]; ti hu-koⁿ (ti hukoⁿ) - stovepipe, smoke hole, flue chimney [Omaha]; ti-hu-koⁿ (tíhukoⁿ) - smoke hole at the top of a lodge [Omaha/Ponca]; ʰtsi-hu-ʰkoⁿ (ṭsí-hu-ḳoⁿ) - smoke hole of a tent or lodge, this was generally made in the top of the tent or lodge, so that the smoke in rising would pass out [FL-Osage]; tsi-ho-ka (cíhoka) - smoke hole of a lodge, chimney [Kaw]

► sho-ti-o-he-de (šóttiohéde) - smoke hole, chimney

► cf. sho-te (šótte) - smoke

holler

► baⁿ (bą) - call, to halloo ► paⁿ (ppą́) - I, shpaⁿ (špą́) - you, aⁿ-baⁿ-we (ąbą́we) - we

► cf. ki-baⁿ (kibą) - flute, “to call to”; wa-te-baⁿ (wattébą́) - to give the attacking cry; wa-te wa-baⁿ (watté wabą́) - to give the attack signal

► ex: wa-paⁿ (wappą́) - I call to them

► ex: aⁿ-baⁿ (ąbą́) - he called to me [JOD]

► ex: i-naⁿ-paⁿ aⁿ-baⁿ hi-de taⁿ bde ta miⁿ-kʰe (ínąp͓ą́ ąbą híde tą́ bdé tta mįkʰé) - if he calls to me a second time, I will go [JOD]

► ex: aⁿ-baⁿ-wi (ąbą́wi) - they called me [JOD]

► ex: di-baⁿ (dibą́) - call to you [JOD]

► ex: be ni-ka-shi-ka di-baⁿ i-niⁿ-haⁿ (bé níkkašíka dibą́ inįhą́) - who could this person be, that called to you? [JOD]

► ex: shka-te shoⁿ-niⁿ naⁿ-zha ma-sa-ni-taⁿ ni-ka-shi-ka miⁿ ki-baⁿ hi-de (škátte šǫ-nį́ ną́ža másanítą níkkašíka mį́ kíbą híde) - after he had been playing awhile, a person called to him from the other side (of the river) [JOD]

► ex: kdaⁿ-ni-ke ki-baⁿ, i-she koⁿ-bda zhi, kdaⁿ-ni-ke ki-baⁿ ta (kdąníke kibą, išé kkǫbdá ži, kdąníke kibą ta) - I don’t want you to say, when I’m drinking around here [MS]

► Dhegiha: boⁿ (boⁿ) - call, to call out [Omaha/Ponca]; boⁿ (boⁿ) - scream [Omaha]; poⁿ (poⁿ) - yell [Omaha]; boⁿ (boⁿ) - to call [FL-Osage]; paⁿ (pą́) - holler, yell, scream, shout [CQ-Osage]; baⁿ (baⁿ) - call to [Kaw]

► wa-te-baⁿ (wattébą́) - to give the attacking cry ► wa-te-paⁿ (wattéppą́) - I, wa-te-shpaⁿ (wattéšpą́) - you

► cf. baⁿ (bą) - call, to halloo; ki-baⁿ (kibą) - flute, “to call to”; wa-te wa-baⁿ (watté wabą́) - to give the attack signal

► ex: “wi-taⁿ-niⁿ hi wa-te-paⁿ ta miⁿ-kʰe, e-ti-tʰaⁿ o-kda-x’a-x’a-we ka!” i-we-ke i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke tʰaⁿ (wíttąnį hi wattéppą́ tta mįkʰé ettítʰą okdáxʔaxʔá-we ká iwéke iyá maštį́ke tʰą) - “I will give the attack cry first, immediately afterward you must give the scalp yell,” the rabbit said to them, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: wa-te-baⁿ i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke tʰaⁿ (wattébą́ iyá maštį́ke tʰą) - the rabbit gave the attack signal, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► Dhegiha: wa-ʰtse-boⁿ (wa-ṭsé-boⁿ) - a cry of triumph, given as a victorious war party approaches the village as it returns [FL-Osage]

► wa-te wa-baⁿ (watté wabą́) - to give the attack signal ► wa-te wa-paⁿ (watté wappą́) - I, wa-te wa-shpaⁿ (watté wašpą́) - you

► cf. baⁿ (bą) - call, to halloo; ki-baⁿ (kibą) - flute, “to call to”; wa-te-baⁿ (wattébą́) - to give the attacking cry

► Dhegiha: wa-ʰtse (wa-ṭsé) - a triumph, victory, the touching of a living or fallen foe to win one of the prescribed war honors [FL-Osage]; wa-tse (wacé) - count coup, to touch a fallen foe, victory [Kaw]

► ho-taⁿ (hóttą) - cry out, roar

► ho taⁿ-ka (hŭk-takah) - shout, yell, scream, call (crier) [GI]

► ho taⁿ-ka (hú-tañ-k͓a) - Kwapa name for the Winnebago Indians [JOD]

► cf. ho (ho) - voice; o-ho (oho) - bark, as a dog [MS]; ga-ho-taⁿ (gahóttą) - whirr, roar; ga-ho-taⁿ-de (gahóttąde) - whirr, hum, roar; naⁿ-ho-taⁿ (nąhóttą) - cry out from being stepped on

► Dhegiha: hu tʰoⁿ (hútʰoⁿ) - to cry out, roar, bellow, said of the cries of all animals except humans and hogs [Omaha]; ho-ʰtoⁿ (hóṭoⁿ) - the cry or call of animals or birds [FL-Osage]; ho-ʰtaⁿ (hóoʰtą) - yell, holler, shout, lit., “loud voice”, sing or sound out, make a loud sound, make animal sounds [CQ-Osage]; ho-taⁿ (hótaⁿ) - cry of an animal; an animal’s characteristic cry, a single term used to convey notions such as roar, bellow, whinny, caw, etc. [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: hu toⁿ-ga (hútoⁿga) - Winnebago, Hocank, the Winnebagos or Hocank tribe [Omaha/Ponca]; ho toⁿ-ga (hó-ṭoⁿ-ga) - Winnebago Tribe [FL-Osage]; ho taⁿ-ka (hótąka) - Winnebago (Hochunk) tribe or tribal member [CQ-Osage]; ho taⁿ-ga (hótaⁿga) - Hochank, also known as Winnebago tribe or person “big voice,” “loud voice,” or “rough voice.” [Kaw]

► o-kda-x’a (okdáxʔa) - whoop ► o-a-kda-x’a (oákdaxʔa) - I, o-da-kda-x’a (odákdaxʔa) - you

► cf. o-kda-x’a-x’a (okdáxʔaxʔá) - whoop, give the scalp yell

► Dhegiha: u-gtha-’a-’a (ugthá’a’á) - give the scalp yell [JOD-Omaha]; i o-la-k’a-k’a (í olák’ak’a) - to give the war whoop or scalp yell, lit. “to make a succession of arrested sounds come from one’s own mouth”, war whoop, scalp yell [Kaw]

► o-kda-x’a-x’a (okdáxʔaxʔá) - whoop, give the scalp yell ► o-da-kda-x’a-x’a (odákdax’áx’a) - you

► cf. o-kda-x’a (okdáxʔa) - whoop

► ex: o-da-kda-x’a-x’a ta-i (odákdaxʔáxʔa taí) - you’all will give the scalp yell [JOD]

► ex: haⁿ-ba o-taⁿ-ka hi taⁿ o-da-kda-x’a-x’a ta-i i-we-ke i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (hą́ba otą́ka hi ttą́ odákdaxʔáxʔa taí iwéke iyá maštį́ke) - as soon as day arrives, you’all will give the scalp yell, rabbit said to them, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: e-de ni-ka-shi-ka zho-hi hi o-kda-x’a-x’a-we i-ya bdo-ka hi (edé níkkašíka žóhi hi okdáxʔaxʔáwe iyá bdóka hi) - but there were a great many people, the entire group gave the scalp yell, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ-tʰaⁿ-hi ni-ka-shi-ka zho-hi hi o-kda-x’a-x’a-we i-ya (hǫ́tʰąhi níkkašíka žóhi hi okdáxʔaxʔáwe iyá) - then, a great many people gave the scalp yell, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: za-ni hi o-kda-x’a-x’a-we i-ya ni-ka-shi-ka ke (zaní hi okdáxʔaxʔáwe iyá níkkašíka ke) - all of the people gave the scalp yell, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: “wi-taⁿ-niⁿ hi wa-te-paⁿ ta miⁿ-kʰe, e-ti-tʰaⁿ o-kda-x’a-x’a-we ka!” i-we-ke i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke tʰaⁿ (wíttąnį hi wattéppą́ tta mįkʰé ettítʰą okdáxʔaxʔá-we ká iwéke iyá maštį́ke tʰą) - “I will give the attack cry first, immediately afterward you must give the scalp yell,” the rabbit said to them, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► Dhegiha: u-gtha-’a-’a (ugthá’a’á) - give the scalp yell [JOD-Omaha]; i o-la-k’a-k’a (í olák’ak’a) - to give the war whoop or scalp yell, lit. “to make a succession of arrested sounds come from one’s own mouth”, war whoop, scalp yell [Kaw]

hollow

► o-ka-xo-we (okáxowe) - hollow [JOD]

► cf. ka-xo-we (káxowe), ka-x’o-we (kaxʔówe) - gap in mountains, ravine

hollow earth, cave

► maⁿ-kdo-xa (mąkdóxa), maⁿ-xdo-x’a (mąxdoxʔa) - cave, lit. “hollow earth”

► cf. kdo-x’a (kdoxʔa), xdo-x’a (xdoxʔa) - empty; di-kdo-x’a (dikdóxʔa), di-kto-x’a (diktóxʔa) - empty by pulling contents out; zhaⁿ xdo-x’a (žą xdóxʔa) - hollow tree [JOD]

► Dhegiha: xthu-’a (xthu’a) - hollow, baggy [Omaha/Ponca]; xthu-’a(xthu’a) - hollow, empty [Omaha]; xthu-ʰk’a (xthu-ḳ’a), xthu-’a (xthú-’a) - hollow, any kind of hollow in a tree or log [FL-Osage]; xtho-ʰk’a (xthó-ḳ’a) - empty, emptiness [FL-Osage]; xlo-k’a (xlók’a) - hollow, empty [Kaw]

hollow tree

► zhaⁿ xdo-x’a (žą xdóxʔa) - hollow tree [JOD]

► cf. zhaⁿ (žą), zhoⁿ (žǫ) - wood, tree; kdo-x’a (kdoxʔa), xdo-x’a (xdoxʔa) - empty; maⁿ-kdo-xa (mąkdóxa), maⁿ-xdo-x’a (mąxdoxʔa) - cave, lit. “hollow earth”; di-kdo-x’a (dikdóxʔa), di-kto-x’a (diktóxʔa) - empty by pulling contents out

► ex: zhaⁿ xdo-x’a o-pʰe (žą xdóxʔa opʰé) - he entered a hollow tree [JOD]

► Dhegiha: zhoⁿ xthu-’a (zhoⁿqthú’a) - hollow log or tree [Omaha/Ponca]; zhoⁿ xthu-’a (zhoⁿxthua) - wood barrel [Omaha]; zhoⁿ xthu-ʰk’a (zhóⁿ-xthu-ḳ’a), zhoⁿ xthu-’a (zhóⁿ-xthú-’a) - a hollow tree [FL-Osage]

hollow, empty

► kdo-x’a (kdoxʔa), xdo-x’a (xdoxʔa) - empty

► cf. maⁿ-kdo-xa (mąkdóxa), maⁿ-xdo-x’a (mąxdoxʔa) - cave, lit. “hollow earth”; zhaⁿ xdo-x’a (žą xdóxʔa) - hollow tree [JOD]; di-kdo-x’a (dikdóxʔa), di-kto-x’a (diktóxʔa) - empty by pulling contents out

► Dhegiha: xthu-’a (xthu’a) - hollow, baggy [Omaha/Ponca]; xthu-’a(xthu’a) - hollow, empty [Omaha]; xthu-ʰk’a (xthu-ḳ’a), xthu-’a (xthú-’a) - hollow, any kind of hollow in a tree or log [FL-Osage]; xtho-ʰk’a (xthó-ḳ’a) - empty, emptiness [FL-Osage]; xlo-k’a (xlók’a) - hollow, empty [Kaw]

holy bird

► wa-zhiⁿ-ka xo-we (wažį́ka xówe) - eagle, “holy bird”

► wa-zhiⁿ-ka xo-we (wažį́ka xówe) - eagle [MS]

► cf. wa-zhiⁿ-ka (wažį́ka) - bird; xo-we (xówe) - sacred, holy

► ex: wa-zhiⁿ-ka xo-we sha-ke (wažį́ka xówe šáke) - eagle claw [MS]

► Dhegiha: xu-be (xube) - hallowed, holy, wizard [Omaha]; xu-be (xúbe) - holy, supernatural power, sanctity [FL-Osage]; xo-pe (xópe) - sacred, consecrated, holy [CQ-Osage]

holy man

► ni-ka xo-we (níkka xówe) - shaman, Indian doctor, priest

► cf. ni-ka (níkka) - man; xo-we (xówe) - sacred, holy

► Dhegiha: ni-ʰka xo-be (ní-ḳa xo-be) - the holy man [FL-Osage]

holy pipe

► ta-ni-ba wa-xo-we (taníba waxówe) - the sacred pipe

► cf. ta-ni (taní), ta-niⁿ (tanį́) - tobacco; ta-ni-ba (taníba) - pipe; xo-we (xówe) - sacred, holy

► Dhegiha: ni-ni-ba wa-xu-be (niníba waqúbe) - sacred pipe [JOD-Omaha]

holy wood

► zhoⁿ xo-we (žǫ xówe) - sassafras, S. albidum, lit. “holy wood”

► cf. zhaⁿ (žą), zhoⁿ (žǫ) - wood, tree; xo-we (xówe) - sacred, holy

► Dhegiha: zhoⁿ wa-xu-be (zhóⁿ waqúbe) - sacred pole [Omaha/Ponca]

holy, make holy, consecrate

► di-xo-we (dixówe) - consecrate, make holy ► bdi-xo-we (bdíxowe) - I, ti-xo-we (ttíxowe) - you

► cf. di (di) - by hand; xo-we (xówe) - sacred, holy

► Dhegiha: thi-xu-be (thiqúbe) - consecrate, to consecrate, to make holy [Omaha/Ponca]

holy, sacred

► xo-we (xówe) - sacred, holy

► cf. di-xo-we (dixówe) - consecrate, make holy; ni-ka xo-we (níkka xówe) - shaman, Indian doctor, priest; ta-ni-ba wa-xo-we (taníba waxówe) - the sacred pipe; wa-zhiⁿ-ka xo-we (wažį́ka xówe) - eagle, “holy bird”; zhoⁿ xo-we (žǫ xówe) - sassafras, S. albidum, lit. “holy wood”

► Dhegiha: xu-be (xube) - hallowed, holy, wizard [Omaha]; xu-be (xúbe) - holy, supernatural power, sanctity [FL-Osage]; xo-pe (xópe) - sacred, consecrated, holy [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: wa-xu-be (waqúbe) - mysterious, holy, sacred [Omaha/Ponca]; wa-xu-be (waxube) - holy [Omaha]; wa-xo-be (wa-xó-be) - a talisman or something worn about the person to ward off evil, anything consecrated for ceremonial use [FL-Osage]; wa-xo-pe (waxópe) - medicine bundle, sacred object, things consecrated or honored [CQ-Osage]; wa-xo-we (waxówe), wa-xo-be (waxóbe) - sacred, holy, mysterious, any sacred or mysterious object, as a sacred bundle [Kaw]

► he xo-we (he qúwĕ) - masculine name [JOD]

► cf. he (he) - horn, antler; xo-we (xówe) - sacred, holy

► Dhegiha: he (he) - horn [Omaha/Ponca]; he (he) - horn, antler [Omaha]; he (he) - horn, antler [FL-Osage]; he (hé) - horn, cow or buffalo [CQ-Osage]; he (he) - antlers, horns [Kaw]

► si-kde xo-we (siktqé qúwĕ) - masculine name [JOD]

► cf. si-kde (sikdé) - footprint, trail, track; xo-we (xówe) - sacred, holy

► Dhegiha: si-gthe (sigthé) - footprint, track, trail, the track or trail of a person or animal [Omaha/Ponca]; si-gthe (çi-gthe), (çi-gthé) - track, footprint [FL-Osage]; ʰta si-le ʰtawaⁿ (ʰtaasílee ʰtaáwą) - Tulsa, Oklahoma, literally, deer crossing town [CQ-Osage]; si-dle (sidlé), si-le (silé), (síle) - footprints, a trail [Kaw]

► wa-xo-we k’iⁿ (waqúwĕ k’iⁿ) - masculine name, old name for a man [JOD]

► cf. xo-we (xówe) - sacred, holy; k’iⁿ (kʔį) - carry, pack on the back

► Dhegiha: wa-xo-be k’iⁿ (waxóbe k’iⁿ) - he who carried a sacred bag on his back, when going on the warpath, male name [Kaw]

home

► see house

hominy

► wa-sha-kda (wašákda) - hominy

► wa-sha-kda (wašákda) - hominy [MS]

► wa-sha-kda (wacákt^ça) - female name, Hominy [JOD]

► cf. o-we sa-ki wa-sha-kda (ówe sáki wášakdá) - hominy [JOD]

► o-we sa-ki wa-sha-kda (ówe sáki wášakdá) - hominy [JOD]

► cf. o-we sa-ki (owé sakí) - dried corn; wa-sha-kda (wašákda) - hominy; o-we sa-ki wa-bdo-ka (ówe sáki wábdoká) - whole ear of dried corn [JOD]; o-we wa-hi (ówe wahí) - corn stalk; o-we a-pe (ówe ápe) - corn blade(s); o-we xda (ówe xdá) - corn blossom; o-we (ówe) - field, corn field

► wa-tu-ka (wátuka) - hominy, “when that wa-tʰaⁿ-ze (watʰą́ze) was made into hominy” [FR]

homosexual

► miⁿ-xo-ke (mįxóke) - folkloric figures in Quapaw mythology

► Dhegiha: mi-xu-ga (mixuga) - lewd man, refers homosexual behavior [Omaha]; te miⁿ-xu-ga (temíⁿquga) - freemartin, hermaphrodite buffalo [Omaha/Ponca]; mi-xo-ke (miixóke) - homosexual, lesbian, gay person [CQ-Osage]; ʰtse miⁿ-xu-ga (ṭse-míⁿ-xu-ga) - a hermaphrodite buffalo [FL-Osage]; miⁿ-xo-ge (miⁿxóge) - catamite, male or femal, between a man and a woman, homosexual, gay, lesbian, hermaphrodite; JOD regarding the mí-a-lo-shka: a mythical race of beings, with large heads, and long hair, dwelling in solitary places, to which they are supposed to entice unwary Indians. Their victims become crazy, and live as miⁿ-xó-ge - hermaphrodites [Kaw]

hone, sharpen by rubbing

► bi-zi-ka (bizíkka) - sharpen by rubbing, hone ► pi-zi-ka (ppízikka) - I, shpi-zi-ka (špízikka) - you

► cf. bi (bi) - by pressing, rubbing; o-zi-ka (ozíkka) - wider at one end than other; ba-zi-ka (bazíkka) - sharpen; da-zi-ka (dazíkka) - chew to a point, sharpen; di-zi-ka (dizíkka) - sharpen; ki-di-zi-ka (kídizíkka) - sharpen something for someone; ka-zi-ka (kazíkka) - sharpen, as with an axe, whittle; kdi-zi-ka (kdizíkka) - sharpen pulling toward oneself; pa-zi-ka (pázikka) - whittle to a point; ta-zi-ka (tázikka) - burn to a point

honest

► o-ta-za (óttaza) - right, straight, honest ► oⁿ-ta-za (ǫ́ttaza), o-aⁿ-ta-za (oąttaza) - I, o-di-ta-za (ódittaza) - you

► o-ta-za (óttaza) - pretty [OM]

► cf. o-ta-za ka-xe (óttaza káγe) - right, correct, act honestly; o-ta-za-zhi (óttazáži) - be wrong

► Dhegiha: o-ʰta-za (o-ṭa-ça), u-ʰta-za (u-ṭá-ça) - handsome, showy, stateliness, pretty, comely, pleasing to the sight, satisfying to the sense of beauty [FL-Osage]; o-ʰta-za (oʰtáza) - good looking, handsome, beautiful, very pretty [CQ-Osage]

► o-ta-za ka-xe (óttaza káγe) - right, correct, act honestly

► cf. o-ta-za (óttaza) - right, straight, honest; ka-xe (káγe) - make, do, cause; o-ta-za-zhi (óttazáži) - be wrong

► Dhegiha: o-ʰta-za (o-ṭa-ça), u-ʰta-za (u-ṭá-ça) - handsome, showy, stateliness, pretty, comely, pleasing to the sight, satisfying to the sense of beauty [FL-Osage]; o-ʰta-za (oʰtáza) - good looking, handsome, beautiful, very pretty [CQ-Osage]

honey

► he-zi-ka ski-de (hézikka skíde) - honey

► he-zi-ka ski-de (hézikka skíde) - honey [OM]

► cf. he-zi-ka (hézikka) - bee; ski-de (skíde) - sweet; ni-ski-de (niskíde) - salt, lit. “sweet water”; wa-ske ski-de (wáskeskíde) - cake, “sweet bread”; to ski-de (to ski-de) - sweet potato; to ski-de ni (to skíde ni) - Sweet Potato Creek, home of the Quapaws before 1861 according to JOD; wa-zhoⁿ-ke ski-de (wažǫ́ke skíde), wa-shoⁿ-ke ski-de (wašǫ́ke skíde) - sugar; wa-zhoⁿ-ke ski-de kdo-kdo (wažǫ́ke skíde kdókdo), wa-shoⁿ-ke ski-de (wašǫ́ke skíde kdókdo) - molasses, syrup, “ropy sugar”

► Dhegiha: ski-the (skíthe) - sweet, sour [Omaha/Ponca]; ski-the (çkithe) - sweet [Omaha]; ski-the (çkí-the), skiu-e (çkiu-e), skiu-the (çkiu-the), sku-the (çku-the) - sweet [FL-Osage]; sku-the (skúðe), sku-e (skúe) - sweet [CQ-Osage]; sku-we (skúwe) - sweets, be sweet [Kaw]

honey dew melon

► wa-tʰaⁿ sa-ka (uaton-sakkah) - honeydew melon (melon d'eau) [GI]

► wa-tʰaⁿ sa-ka (watʰą́ sákka) - watermelon

► wa-tʰaⁿ sa-ka (watʰą́ sákka) - watermelon [MS]

► cf. wa-tʰaⁿ (watʰą́) - watermelon [MS, OM]; wa-tʰoⁿ to (watʰǫ́ tto) - pumpkin; wa-tʰaⁿ o-ha (watʰą óha) - pumpkin; wa-tʰaⁿ si-ta (watʰą sítta) - muskmelon, mushmelon

► Dhegiha: wa-toⁿ (watoⁿ) - pumpkin, squash, melon [Omaha]; wa-ʰtoⁿ (wa-ṭóⁿ) - pumpkin, squash, or any of the vegetables of that family [FL-Osage]; wa-txaⁿ (watxą́), (wátkxą), (wakxą́) - pumpkin, squash [CQ-Osage]; wa-khaⁿ (wakháⁿ) - pumpkin (generic term) [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: sa-kʰa thi-de (sákʰathíde) - watermelon [Omaha/Ponca]; sa-ka thi-de (saka thide) - watermelon [Omaha]; sa-kʰa thi-de u-kʰe-thiⁿ (sákʰathide ukʰéthiⁿ) - watermelon, “common” Omaha watermelon, it has a green rind, usually striped, and black seeds [Omaha/Ponca]; sa-ʰkiu (çá-ḳiu) - watermelon [FL-Osage]; sa-ʰku (sáʰku) - watermelon [CQ-Osage]; sa-ko-je (sákoje) - native melon, watermelon [Kaw]

honor

► o-xta-xti (óxtaxti) - honor someone, treat with respect

► cf. o-xta (óxta) - good, desirable; xti (-xti) - very, real, fully; o-xta-de (óxtade) - like, love; xta-de (xtadé) - love; xta-ki-de (xtákkide) - love one’s own relative, kin

► Dhegiha: xta-the (qtáthe) - to love a person or thing, to like, to think well of [Omaha/Ponca]; xta-the (xtáthe) - like, adore [Omaha]; u-xta (ú-xta) - marvelous, pleasing, mysterious, lovable, to prize highly, to hold a thing precious or valuable [FL-Osage]; o-xta (ó-xta) - a thing of great value, a captive, a favored person [FL-Osage]; xta-the (xtá-the) - to love [FL-Osage]; o-xta (óxta) - precious, dear or beloved, valuable, marvelous, important, special, right, respectable [CQ-osage]; o-xta (óxta) - pleasing [Kaw]; o-xta-ye (óxtaye) - like someone [Kaw]; xta-ye (xtáye) - love, care for, have concern for, be good to [Kaw]

► oⁿ-hi a-zhiⁿ (ǫhí ážį) - respect, treat as honorable ► oⁿ-hi a-a-zhiⁿ (ǫhí áažį), oⁿ-hi a-zhaⁿ-miⁿ (ǫhí ážąmį) - I, oⁿ-hi a-da-zhiⁿ (ǫhí ádažį) - you, oⁿ-hi oⁿ-ka-zhiⁿ-we (ǫhí ǫ́kažįwe) - we

► cf. a-zhiⁿ (ážį) - think, regard; to treat as; oⁿ-hi-kde (ǫ́hikde) - to show partiality to someone

► ex: oⁿ-hi a-wi-zhaⁿ-miⁿ (ǫhí áwižąmį́) - I honor you

► Dhegiha: oⁿ-xti the (áⁿ-qti-¢ĕ) - to think highly of another [JOD-Omaha]; oⁿ-xti the (oⁿxti the) - honor [Omaha]; oⁿ-xti-the-goⁿ (áⁿ-qti-¢é-gaⁿ) - to esteem, think highly of him [JOD-Omaha]; oⁿ-xti e-goⁿ (áⁿ-qti-é-gaⁿ) - a chief or principal man [JOD-Omaha]; oⁿ-xti gi-the e-goⁿ (oⁿxti githe egoⁿ) - dignity [Omaha]; oⁿ-xti ki-the-goⁿ (áⁿ-qti-k͓i-¢é-gaⁿ) - to think to highly of himself, to be self important, self sufficient [JOD-Omaha]; oⁿ-xti gi-the-goⁿ (áⁿ-qti-gi-¢é-gaⁿ) - to think to much of his own [JOD-Omaha]

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