Quapaw Dictionary

English to Quapaw Dictionary
A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H-I-J-K-L-M-N-O-P-Q-R-S-T-U-V-W-X-Y-Z
Quapaw Sources	Dhegiha Sources

habitual - handsome handy - haw hawk - hides high - honor hoof - husband

hawk

► kde-taⁿ (kdetą́) - hawk, smallest species

► kde-taⁿ (kdetą́) - hawk [MS]

► Dhegiha: gthe-doⁿ (gthedóⁿ) - Pigeon hawk [Omaha/Ponca]; gthe-doⁿ (gthedoⁿ) - American Sparrow Hawk [Omaha]; gthe-daⁿ (g¢edaⁿ́) - hawk [JOD-Omaha]; gthe-doⁿ (gthe-dóⁿ) - hawk, falcon, used also as a personal name in the Osage Tribe [FL-Osage]; le-toⁿ (letǫ́), le-taⁿ (letą́) - hawk [CQ-Osage]; le-daⁿ (ledáⁿ), le-taⁿ (létaⁿ), lye-daⁿ (lyédaⁿ), kle-taⁿ (klétaⁿ), gle-daⁿ (gledáⁿ) - hawk, chicken hawk [Kaw]

► kde-taⁿ (kt^çe-t͓aⁿ́) - masculine name of the Kwapa wa-zhiⁿ-ka (wajiñk͓a) or Bird gens; Hawk [JOD]

► cf. kde-taⁿ (kdetą́) - hawk [MS]; kde-taⁿ (kdetą́) - hawk, smallest species

► Dhegiha: gthe-doⁿ (gthe-dóⁿ) - hawk, falcon, used also as a personal name in the Osage Tribe [FL-Osage]

► kde-taⁿ haⁿ-ka (kt^çetăⁿ́ hañk͓a) - masculine name, father of taⁿ-daⁿ haⁿ-ka (taⁿd¢aⁿ́ hañ́k͓a) [JOD]

► cf. kde-taⁿ (kdetą́) - hawk; haⁿ-ka (hą́ka) - ancestral or first gen (clan)

► Dhegiha: hoⁿ-ga (hoⁿ́ga) - leader or first, implies the idea of ancient, or first, people; those who led, moiety or tribal half representing the earth and it’s water [Omaha-Fletcher/LaFlesche]; huⁿ-ga (huⁿ́ga) - ancient one, the one who goes before, leader, peace as symbolized by a little child [Omaha-Fletcher/LaFlesche]; haⁿ-ka (hañ́k͓a) - the name of the gentes on the right side of the Osage tribal circle [JOD-Osage]; hoⁿ-ga (hoⁿ́-ga) - The Sacred One, personal name [FL-Osage]; haⁿ-ka (hą́ka), hoⁿ-ga (hó̜ga) - the name of the two great tribal divisions of the Osage Tribe, the division representing the earth with its water and dry land. The word signifies sacred or holy, an object that is venerated. It is also the name of a subdivision representing the dry land of the earth. The dark-plummed eagle is spoken of by this term, because of its synbolic use; a child chosen as an emblem of innocence in a peace ceremony is called Hoⁿ-ga. The origin of the word, being obscure, can not be analyzed [FL-Osage]; haⁿ-ka (hą́ka) - sacred, holy, bald eagle, dark-plummed eagle, earth division of the Osage tribe, innocence emblem in peace ceremony, a child [CQ-Osage]

► kde-taⁿ ki-ta (kt^çetăⁿ́ k͓it͓á) - masculine name, Hawk Gets Up, father of wa-zhiⁿ ska (wajiⁿ́ ska); father of haⁿ-ka mi (hañk͓á mi) [JOD]

► cf. kde-taⁿ (kdetą́) - hawk; ki-ta (kítta) - arise, get up

► Dhegiha: gthe-doⁿ (gthedóⁿ) - pigeon hawk [Omaha/Ponca]; gthe-doⁿ (gthe-dóⁿ) - hawk, falcon, used also as a personal name in the Osage Tribe [FL-Osage]; le-taⁿ (letą́), le-toⁿ (letǫ́) - hawk [CQ-Osage]; gle-daⁿ (gledáⁿ) - hawk [Kaw]; le-daⁿ (ledáⁿ) - hawk, chicken hawk [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: xu-e gi-da (xu-e-gi-da) - Comes Roaring, personal name, refers to the wind in an approaching storm [FL-Osage]

► kde-taⁿ maⁿ-niⁿ (kt^çetăⁿ́ maⁿ́niⁿ) - female name [JOD]

► cf. kde-taⁿ (kdetą́) - hawk; maⁿ-niⁿ (mąnį́) - walk

► Dhegiha: gthe-doⁿ moⁿ-thiⁿ (gthedóⁿ moⁿthiⁿ) - male name, Hawk Walking [Omaha]; gthe-doⁿ moi (gthe-dóⁿ-moi) - male name [Osage]; gthe-moi zhiⁿ-ga (gthe-moi zhiⁿ-ga) - male name, meaning obscure, has been given as Walking Hawk and Moving Hawk [Osage]

► kde-taⁿ mi (kt^çe-t͓ŭⁿ́ mi) - female name of the Kwapa wa-zhiⁿ-ka (wajiñk͓a) or Bird gens; Hawk Female [JOD]

► cf. kde-taⁿ (kdetą́) - hawk; mi (mi), miⁿ (mį) - female

► Dhegiha: gthe-doⁿ wiⁿ (gthedóⁿ wiⁿ) - Hawk Feminine [Omaha]; gthe-doⁿ wiⁿ (gthe-dóⁿ-wiⁿ), le-toⁿ wiⁿ (letǫ́wį), gthe-doⁿ mi (gthe-dóⁿ-mi) - Hawk Woman, female personal name, refers to the sacred hawk [Osage]; le-daⁿ mi (ledáⁿ mi) - Hawk Female, female name [Kaw]; le-daⁿ miⁿ (ledáⁿmiⁿ) - Hawk Woman [Kaw]

► kde-taⁿ mi haⁿ-ka (ktçe-t͓ŭⁿ́ mi hañ́-k͓a) - female name of the Kwapa wa-zhiⁿ-ka (wajiñk͓a) or Bird gens; Ancestral or First Hawk Female [JOD]

► cf. kde-taⁿ (kdetą́) - hawk; mi (mi), miⁿ (mį) - female; haⁿ-ka (hañ́ʞa) - ancestral or first gens [JOD]

► Dhegiha: gthe-doⁿ (gthedóⁿ) - pigeon hawk [Omaha/Ponca]; gthe-doⁿ (gthedoⁿ) - American Sparrow Hawk [Omaha]; gthe-doⁿ (gthe-dóⁿ) - hawk, falcon [FL-Osage]; le-toⁿ (letǫ́), le-taⁿ (letą́) - [CQ-Osage]; gle-daⁿ (gledáⁿ), kle-taⁿ (klétaⁿ), le-daⁿ (ledáⁿ), le-taⁿ (létaⁿ) - hawk [Kaw]

► kde-taⁿ mi te-ka (ktçe-t͓ŭⁿ́ mi té-k͓a), (ktqetăⁿ́ mi ték͓a) - female name of the Kwapa wa-zhiⁿ-ka (wajiñk͓a) or Bird gens; New Hawk Female

► cf. kde-taⁿ (kdetą́) - hawk; mi (mi), miⁿ (mį) - female; te-ka (ttéka) - new

► Dhegiha: le-daⁿ mi tse-ga (ledáⁿ mi céga) - female name, New Hawk Female [Kaw]

► kde-taⁿ mi te-xi (ktqetăⁿ́ mi teqi) - female name [JOD]

► cf. kde-taⁿ (kdetą́) - hawk, smallest species; kde-taⁿ (kdetą́) - hawk [MS]; mi (mi), miⁿ (mį), (mį́) - female; o-te-xi (óttexi) - difficult to do; wa-te-xi (wattéxi) - difficult, too much, too high a price

► Dhegiha: gthe-doⁿ wiⁿ-te-xi (gthedóⁿ wiⁿtexi) - Sacred Female Hawk, female name [Omaha]; gthe-doⁿ mi ʰtse-xi (gthe-dóⁿ-mi-ṭse-xi) - female personal name, The Favorite, Hawk mi-na (the first daughter, eldest daughter) [Osage]; le-daⁿ mi (ledáⁿ mi) - Hawk Female, female name [Kaw]

► kde-ta mi tiⁿ-ga (kdetá mi tį́ga) - female personal name, Fanie Goodeagle’s name, she did not know the meaning [FR]

► possibly kde-taⁿ mi te-ka (ktçe-t͓ŭⁿ́ mi té-k͓a), (ktqetăⁿ́ mi ték͓a) - female name of the Kwapa wa-zhiⁿ-ka (wajiñk͓a) or Bird gens; New Hawk Female

► kde-taⁿ na-zhiⁿ (kt^çe-t͓aⁿ́ ná-jiⁿ) - masculine name of the Kwapa wa-zhiⁿ-ka (wajiñk͓a) or Bird gens; Standing Hawk [JOD]

► cf. kde-taⁿ (kdetą́) - hawk; na-zhiⁿ (nažį́) - stand

► Dhegiha: gthe-doⁿ noⁿ-zhiⁿ (gthedóⁿ noⁿzhiⁿ) - male name, Hawk Standing, male name [Omaha]; gthe-daⁿ na-zhiⁿ (g¢edaⁿ́ nájiⁿ) - Hawk Standing, male name [JOD-Omaha]

► kde-taⁿ sa (kt^çe-t͓aⁿ́ sá) - masculine name of the Kwapa wa-zhiⁿ-ka (wajiñk͓a) or Bird gens; Black Hawk. This man was the head chief in 1890 [JOD]

► kde-taⁿ sa (kt^çetăⁿ́ să) - masculine name, Chas. Quapaw [JOD]

► cf. kde-taⁿ (kdetą́) - hawk; sa (sa) - black that is near, distinct

► Dhegiha: gthe-doⁿ sa-be (gthe-dóⁿ ça-be) - black hawk, in the Osage war rites the black hawk symbolizes the courage of warriors, it also represents night [FL-Osage]; le-toⁿ sa-pe (letǫ́sape) - black hawk [CQ-Osage]

► kde-taⁿ sh’a-ke (kt^çetăⁿ́ c’ák͓e) - masculine name [JOD]

► cf. kde-taⁿ (kdetą́) - hawk; sh’a-ke (šʔaké) - old, aged, elderly

► Dhegiha:iⁿ-sh’a-ge (iⁿshage) - old man, elder [Omaha]; te sh’a-ge (tésh’age) - old buffalo [Omaha]; ʰts’a-ge (ṭs’a-gé) - old age, a term applied to people and horses [FL-Osage]; ʰts’a-ge (ṭs’á-ge) - father-in-law [FL-Osage]; ʰts’a-ge zhiⁿ-ga (ṭs’á-ge zhiⁿ-ga) - an old man [FL-Osage]; ts’a-ke (cʔáke) - my father-in-law used by a man addressing or referring to his wife’s father; used by anyone referring to a man’s father-in-law [CQ-Osage]; ts’ai-zhiⁿ (cʔáižį) - elderly man; husband, typically used by an older woman speaking to or referring to her elderly husband [CQ-Osage]; ts’a-ge (ts’áge) - old man; father-in-law; fail, be unable for lack of time [Kaw]; (ts’áge zhíⁿga), (ts’ágehiⁿga) - elder; ancestor; any of the deities or supernatural beings, an old man, a venerable man; an ancestor; one of the ancients or supernatural beings: hence, applied to the deities; the father of one's father-in-law; old man; be old [Kaw]

► kde-taⁿ ska (kt^çetăⁿ́ skă) - masculine name [JOD]

► cf. kde-taⁿ (kdetą́) - hawk; ska (ska) - white

► Dhegiha: gthe-doⁿ ska (gthe-dóⁿ-çka) - White Hawk, male personal name [FL-Osage]

► kde-taⁿ tʰi-de (kt^çetăⁿ́ tíd^¢ĕ) - masculine name [JOD]

► cf. kde-taⁿ (kdetą́) - hawk; tʰi-de (tʰidé) - pass by, come forth

► Dhegiha: gthe-doⁿ tsi-e (gthe-dóⁿ tsi-e) - Hawk Passing By, personal name, refers to the hawk attacking prey [FL-Osage]

► kde-taⁿ wa-kaⁿ-da (kt^çetăⁿ́ wakaⁿ́d^¢a) - masculine name [JOD]

► cf. kde-taⁿ (kdetą́) - hawk; wa-koⁿ-da (wákkǫda) - attack plural/animate beings

► Dhegiha: gthe-doⁿ wa-ʰkoⁿ-tha (gthe-dóⁿ-wa-ḳoⁿ-tha) - Attacking Hawk, male personal name [FL-Osage]

► kde-taⁿ xo-te (kt^çe-t͓aⁿ́ qú-t͓ĕ) - masculine name of the Kwapa wa-zhiⁿ-ka (wajiñk͓a) or Bird gens; Gray Hawk [JOD]

► cf. kde-taⁿ (kdetą́) - hawk; xo-te (xótte) - gray

► Dhegiha: gthe-doⁿ xu-de (gthedóⁿ xude) - male name, Gray Hawk [Omaha]; gthe-doⁿ xo-dse (gthe-dóⁿ-xo-dse) - brown hawk [FL-Osage]; le-toⁿ xo-tse (letǫ́xoce) - gray hawk [CQ-Osage]; le-daⁿ xo-je (ledáⁿ xóje) - male name, Gray Hawk [Kaw]

► kde-taⁿ zhi-ka (kt^çe-t͓aⁿ́ jí-k͓a) - masculine name of the Kwapa wa-zhiⁿ-ka (wajiñk͓a) or Bird gens; Young Hawk; Joe Buffalo [JOD]

► kde-taⁿ zhi-ka (Gratonjekah) - Treaty with the Quapaw (1824)

► cf. kde-taⁿ (kdetą́) - hawk; zhi-ka (žíka) - small, little, young

► Dhegiha: gthe-doⁿ zhiⁿ-ga (gthedóⁿ zhiⁿga) - male name, Little Hawk [Omaha]; gthe-doⁿ zhiⁿ-ga (gthe-dóⁿ zhiⁿ-ga) - male name, Little Hawk [Osage]; gthe-doⁿ zhiⁿ-ga (gthe-dóⁿ zhiⁿ-ga) - the little hawk, this is the smallest of the hawk family and the most courages, in the tribal war rites the little hawk figures as a symbol of the warrior’s courage [FL-Osage]; le-daⁿ zhiⁿ-ga (ledáⁿ zhíⁿga) - male name, Small Hawk [Kaw]

► kde-taⁿ zhi-te (kt^çe-t͓aⁿ́ jí-t͓ĕ) - masculine name of the Kwapa wa-zhiⁿ-ka (wajiñk͓a) or Bird gens; Red Hawk. Brother of Alphonsus Valliere, who died when a boy; Red Hawk, of wesaⁿ [JOD]

► cf. kde-taⁿ (kdetą́) - hawk; zhi-te (žítte) - red

► Dhegiha: zhi-de (zhíde) - red [Omaha/Ponca]; zhi-de (zhíde) - red [Omaha]; zhiu-dse (zhiu-dse), zhu-dse (zhu-dse) - red, scarlet, vermilion [FL-Osage]; zhu-tse (žúuce) - red [CQ-Osage]; zhu-je (zhúje) - red [Kaw]

► kde-taⁿ ’aⁿ-sa (kt^çe-t͓aⁿ ’aⁿ-sa) - masculine name of the Kwapa wa-zhiⁿ-ka (wajiñk͓a) or Bird gens; Swift Hawk, the present name of Alphonsus Valliere [JOD]

► cf. kde-taⁿ (kdetą́) - hawk; x’aⁿ-sa (xʔąsá) - swift

► Dhegiha: ’oⁿ-sa (’oⁿsa) - swift, fast [Omaha/Ponca]; ’oⁿ-sa-gi (’óⁿsagi) - rapid, swift, fast [Omaha/Ponca]; ʰk’oⁿ-sa-gi (ḳ’óⁿ-ça-gi) - fleet, swift, swiftly, very fast [FL-Osage]; k’aⁿ-sa-ki (kʔą́saaki) - be fast in movment, fleet, quickly, fast, rapidly, swiftly [CQ-Osage]; k’aⁿ-sa-gi (k’áⁿsagi), k’aⁿ-sa-ge (k’áⁿsage) - fast, swiftly, rapidly, run fast, be fast [Kaw]

► wa-zhiⁿ kde-taⁿ (wajiⁿ́ kt^çetaⁿ́) - masculine name, old man scalped Pawnee, was shot, Father of Frank Vallier, 1/2 Spaniard/non-indian, 1/2 Quapaw on mother’s side, sister to Mrs. Buffalo Calf [JOD]

► cf. wa-zhiⁿ (wažį́) - disposition, will power, will; kde-taⁿ (kdetą́) - hawk

► Dhegiha: wa-zhiⁿ gthe-doⁿ (wazhíⁿgthedoⁿ) - Will Power - Hawk, personal name [Omaha]; wa-zhiⁿ le-daⁿ (wázhiⁿ ledáⁿ) - Disposition of a Hawk, male name [Kaw]

hawk, brown hawk

► ma-ni he-ka (maní hékka) - brown hawk, “bird hawk”

► cf. he-ka (heh-kah) - vulture (vautour) [GI]; he-ka taⁿ-ka (heká ttą́ka) - buzzard, Cathartes aura

► Dhegiha: he-ga (héga) - turkey-buzzard, Cathartes aura [Omaha/Ponca]; he-ga (he-gá) - turkey buzzard [FL-Osage]; he-ka (héka) - buzzard, hawk [CQ-Osage]; he-ga (héga) - buzzard [Kaw]

hawk, chicken hawk

► si-ka di-ze (síkka díze) - chicken hawk

► si-ka di-ze (síkka díze) - hawk, chicken hawk, “grab a chicken” [MS]

► cf. si-ka (síkka) - chicken; di-ze (dizé) - get, take, receive

► Dhegiha: wa-zhiⁿ-ga wa-thi-ze (wazhiⁿga wathiçe) - chicken hawk [Omaha]; su-ʰka o-thiⁿ-ke (súʰka oðį́įke) - hawk, lit., ‘cathes chickens’ [CQ-Osage]; wa-zhiⁿ-ga o-yiⁿ-ge (wazhíⁿga oyíⁿge) - contracts to wa-zhiⁿ-go-yiⁿ-ge (wazhíⁿgoyíⁿge) - a species of bird-catching hawk [Kaw]

hawk, Goshawk

► xnaⁿ-shka (xnąšká) - hawk, largest type. Goshawk, feeds on rabbits and squirrels

► Dhegiha: gthoⁿ-shka (gthoⁿshká) - a type of hawk that has greyish feathers with white stripes [Omaha/Ponca]; gthoⁿ-shka (gthoⁿshka) - red shouldered hawk [Omaha]

hawk, red tailed or sparrow

► i-be zi-ka (íbe zíkka) - hawk, red tailed or sparrow

► cf. i-be (íbe) - tail of bird; i-be hiⁿ (íbehį) - tail feathers; ho i-be (ho íbe) - fish tail or tail fin; zi (zi) - yellow; zhaⁿ zi-ka (zą́zikka) - flicker, red shafted; yellow ringed woodpecker; he zi-ka (hézikka) - bee; o-zi-ka (ozíkka) - wider at one end than other

► Dhegiha: iⁿ-be zi-ga (iⁿbe çiga) - red tail hawk [Omaha]; iⁿ-be zi-ga (iⁿ́bezíga) - yellow tailed hawk [JOD-Omaha]; iⁿ-be zi-ga (į́-be-çi-ga), oⁿ-be zi-ga (óⁿ-be çi-ga) - the red tailed hawk [FL-Osage]; le-taⁿ oⁿ-pe zhu-tse (letą́ ǫ́pe žúuce) - redtailed hawk [CQ-Osage]; u-be zi-hi (úbe zìhi) - the red tailed hawk [Kaw]; u-be zi zhiⁿ-ga (úbe zi zhíⁿga) - the red tailed hawk, lit. “tail feathers are a little yellow”; one of the largest hawks [Kaw]

hay

► pe-ska (ppéska) - hay [MS]

► Dhegiha: pe-ska (p͓éska) - the name of a certain species of grass [Omaha/Ponca]; ʰpe-ska zhu-dse (p̣e-çka zhu-dse) - blue joint grass, andropogon furcatus muhl, red [FL-Osage]

haystack

► ma-hiⁿ stode (mahį́ stóde) - haystack

► cf. ma-hiⁿ (mahį́) - grass; sto-de (stóde) - collect, heap, pile, gather; pe-zhe xda-he sto-de (ppežé xdáhe stóde) - wheat stack

► Dhegiha: ma-hiⁿ (ma-híⁿ) - brush or weeds [Omaha/Ponca]; moⁿ-hiⁿ tu (moⁿ-híⁿ tu) - grass [Omaha]; moⁿ-hiⁿ (moⁿ-híⁿ) - grass [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-hiⁿ (mąąhį́) - grass, hay [CQ-Osage]; maⁿ-hiⁿ (maⁿhíⁿ) - grass, weeds [Kaw]

hazel

► wa-ta-sto-ta sha-ka (watástotta šákka) - hazel nut

► cf. wa-ta-sto-ta (watástotta) - pecan nut; sha-ka (šákka) - matted, as hair

► Dhegiha: wa-da-sto-sta (wa-dá-çto-çta) - pecan nuts [FL-Osage]; wa-ta-sto-sta (watástosta), wa-ta-sto-e (watástoe), wa-ta-shtsʰo-tsʰe (watáščoče) - pecan nut [CQ-Osage]

► wa-ta-sto-ta sha-ka hi (watástotta šákka hi) - hazel bush

► cf. wa-ta-sto-ta sha-ka (watástotta šákka) - hazel nut; hi (hi) - tree, bush, vine, stalk, leg

► Dhegiha: wa-ʰta-sto-sta hiu (wa-ṭá-çto-çta hiu), wa-da-sto-sta hi (wa-dá-çto-çta hi) - pecan tree, the nut of this tree is used for food by the Osage [FL-Osage]; wa-ta-sto-sta hu (watástostahú) - pecan tree [CQ-Osage]

he

► e (e) - that, he, she, it, aforementioned

► ex: e she-mi (é šémi) - that girl [JOD]

► ex: ni-ka-shi-ka e a-zha-miⁿ (níkkašika e ážamį) - I treat him as a human being

► ex: e a-di-xe koⁿ-da (é ádiγé kǫdá) - she wanted to marry him, the aforementioned [JOD]

► ex: o-zha tʰaⁿ e toⁿ-we ni-he (óža tʰą é tǫ́we-nihe) - that one dancing, you’all look at him [JOD]

► ex: e sh’a-ke niⁿ-kʰe ki-ta-ni taⁿ e-zhaⁿ-ke e-ta taⁿ kaⁿ-tʰaⁿ (e šʔáke nįkʰé kitáni tą ežą́ke ettá tą ką-tʰą́) - he, the old man sat smoking, while his daughter stood [JOD]

► ex: e za-ni zhaⁿ iⁿ-ke (é zaní žą́ įké) - they all reclining

► ex: be ni-ka-shi-ka di-baⁿ i-niⁿ-haⁿ (bé níkkašíka dibą́ inįhą́) - who could this person be, that called to you? [JOD]

► ex: e a-niⁿ ni-tʰe (é anį́ nitʰé) - that, the aforementioned, he probably has it [JOD]

► ex: e o-do-ha-ke (é odóhake) - that last one [JOD]

► ex: e o-do-ha-ke ni a-shka ki taⁿ pa-hi niⁿ-kʰe ki-ki-knaⁿ (é odóhake ní áška kí tą ppahí nįkʰé kíkikną́) - that-last one-water-near-reached here again-when-head-the (part)-she put down her own for him [JOD]

► ex: e haⁿ-ba haⁿ-ke hi (é hą́ba hą́ke hí) - that-day-nearly-very [JOD]

► ex: ka-sa-ni-a-ti e zhiⁿ-ka tʰaⁿ a-shi-ti hi i-ya-we (kásaniáti e žįká tʰą ášitti hí iyáwe) - the next morning, that little/young one went outside, they said [JOD]

► ex: maⁿ-te kaⁿ-de ka-ba-xe i-ya-we, iⁿ-spe zhi-ka e i-oⁿ ka-ba-xe i-ya-we (mątté-kkąde kabáγe iyáwe, į́spe žiká é iǫ́ kabáγe iyáwe) - she chopped the canoe string/rope in two, they say, using the hatchet she chopped the string/rope in two, they say [JOD]

► ex: e maⁿ-te kʰe-ti o-hi-kniⁿ naⁿ kde (e mąté kʰettí ohíknį ną kdé) - that/the canoe, she got into it and sat down, then headed home [JOD]

► ex: e hoⁿ-pe niⁿ-kʰe, hu-wa-ke ki-shoⁿ-i naⁿ, ka-hi-ke taⁿ-ka e-zhiⁿ-ke knoⁿ-ke te (e hǫp͓é nįkʰé huwake kišǫ́i ną kahíke ttą́ka ežį́ke knǫké tte) - that shoe, whoever it fits, Big Chief’s son will marry her [JOD]

► ex: ma-shtiⁿ-ke niⁿ e wa-naⁿ niⁿ (maštį́ke nį é waną nį) - rabbit was singing it (the aforementioned) as he was moving along [JOD]

► ex: e e-ta taⁿ-ha kdi-ze a-taⁿ ti-a-ti kaⁿ a-kda-niⁿ de (é ettá tąhá kdíze áttą ttíatti ką ákdanį́ dé) - because it was hers, she took it (her own), she took it into the house [JOD]

► Dhegiha: e (é) - he, she, that, that one, the afore-said, they, it [JOD-Omaha]; e (e) - he, she, it, or that [FL-Osage]; e (ée) - 3^rd person emphatic or contrastive pronoun (that one, that person, she/her, he/him; those persons, them; this person or thing, the foregoing, she herself, he himself, they themselves [CQ-Osage]; e (e), ’e (’e), (’ee) - that, those, be that, those [Kaw]

head

► pa-hi (ppahí) - head

► pa-hi (ppahí) - head [MS, MR, AG, OM]

► pa-hi (pah-hih) - head (tête) [GI]

► pʰa-hi (p'a˙hí) - head [FV]

► pʰa-he (p'a˙hé) - head [VG]

► cf. pa-hi ha (ppahíha) - scalp “head skin”; pa-hi xe-ka (ppahí xéka) - skull, lit. “dried head”; pa-hi o-kdaⁿ (ppáhi ókdą), pa-hi o-knaⁿ (ppáhi ókną), pa-ho-knaⁿ (ppahókną) - hat, cap, “head is put inside”; pa-hi o-di-shiⁿ (ppáhi odíšį), pa-ho-di-shiⁿ (ppahódíšį) - bonnet, “head + wrap, fold in a bundle”; pa-hi iⁿ-te (ppahí įté), pa-hi iⁿ-de (ppahí įdé), pa-hiⁿ-te (ppahį́te) - to have a headache

► ex: ex: pa-hi niⁿ-kʰe (ppahí-nįkʰé) - the head

► ex: pa-hi aⁿ-de miⁿ-kʰe (ppahí ądé mįkʰé) - I’ve got a headache [AG]

► ex: pa-hi iⁿ-de (ppahí įdé) - I have a headache (to have a headache, he/she has a headache) [OM]

► ex: pa-hi ka-zhoⁿ-zhoⁿ niⁿ-kʰe (ppahí kažǫ́žǫ nįkʰé) - he’s (dog) shaking his head, he’s (dog) shaking the fleas [MS]

► ex: pa-hi niⁿ-kʰé ki-ki-knaⁿ (ppahí-nįkʰé kíkikną́) - she put down the head for him [JOD]

► ex: pa-hi niⁿ-kʰé da-sniⁿ-zhi (ppahí-nįkʰé dasnį́ži) - he did not swallow the head [JOD]

Dhegiha: pa-hiⁿ (pahíⁿ), pa-hi (pahi) - hair of the head [Omaha/Ponca]; pa-hi (pahi) - hair of the head [Omaha]; ʰpa-hi (p̣a-hi), ʰpa-hiⁿ (p̣á-hiⁿ), ʰpa-hiu (p̣a-hiú) - hair, the hair of a man’s head [FL-Osage]; ʰpa-hiⁿ (ʰpahį́į), ʰpa-xiⁿ (ʰpaxį́į) - head hair, hair of the head, hair of the head or neck of a human or animal, mane [CQ-Osage]; pa-hiⁿ (páhiⁿ), pa-hu (pahú) - hair, hair of the human head below the crest; scalp lock [Kaw]

head at each end, snake with head at each end

► we-s’a pa-kdaⁿ-ka-haⁿ (wésʔa pákdąkkahą́) - snake with a head at each end about 18 inches long; rarely seen, Quapaw mythology

► cf. we-s’a (wésʔa) - snake; pa (pa) - head; a-kdaⁿ-ka-haⁿ (ákdąkkahą́) - both sides

► Dhegiha: a-gthoⁿ-ga-hoⁿ (agthoⁿgahoⁿ) - both sides [Omaha]; a-loⁿ-ka-ha (alóⁿkaha) - on both sides [Kaw]

head chief of a tribe, principal chief, Large (Big) Chief

► ka-hi-ke taⁿ-ka (kahíke ttą́ka) - head chief of a tribe, principal chief

► ka-hi-ke taⁿ-ka (k͓a-hí-k͓e tañ́-k͓a) - masculine name, Large Chief [JOD]

► cf. ka-hi-ke (kahíke) - chief; taⁿ-ka (ttą́ka) - big, large

► ex: wa-sa ka-hi-ke taⁿ-ka niⁿ-kʰe ni-ka-shi-ka zho-hi hi e-ti hi-wi naⁿ t’e-da-we i-ya i-we-ke i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke niⁿ-kʰe (wasá kahíke ttą́ka nįkʰe níkkašíka žóhi hi étti híwi ną́ tʔédawé iyá iwéke iyá maštį́ke nįkʰe) - they say that a great many people went there and they killed the black bear principal chief, the rabbit said to them, they say [JOD]

► ex: ka-hi-ke taⁿ-ka t’e-di-ki-de ni-kʰa-she shoⁿ-te niⁿ-kʰe she iⁿ (kahíke ttą́ka tʔédikidé nikʰáše šǫté nįkʰe šé į) - you’all whose principal chief has been killed, here are the testicles [JOD]

► ex: e hoⁿ-pe niⁿ-kʰe, hu-wa-ke ki-shoⁿ-i naⁿ, ka-hi-ke taⁿ-ka e-zhiⁿ-ke knoⁿ-ke te (e hǫp͓é nįkʰé huwake kišǫ́i ną kahíke ttą́ka ežį́ke knǫké tte) - that shoe, whoever it fits, Big Chief’s son will marry her [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ o-zha ka-ki da-i ke ka-hi-ke taⁿ-ka e-zhi-ke a-ki-da-i ke taⁿ hi (kóišǫ́ttą óža káki dá-i ke kahíke ttąka ežíke ákidá-i ké tą hí) - then-to dance-there-they went-the pl.-chief-large-his son-they took part with (=danced)-the pl. when-she arrived [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ga-hi-ge ʰtoⁿ-ga (ga-hí-ge-ṭoⁿ-ga) - Big Chief, personal name, refers to the high position of the hereditary chief [FL-Osage]; ga-hi-ge taⁿ-ga (gahíge táⁿga) - Large Chief, male name [Kaw]

head off, intercept

► a-na-se (ánase) - intercept, head off ► a-a-na-se (áanáse) - I, a-da-na-se (ádanáse) - you

► cf. a-na-se-ta (ánasétta) - isthmus; wa-na-se (wánase) - attack

► Dhegiha: a-na-se (ánasĕ) - to fasten a door or gate, to check, hinder, impede, cut off the retreat of, to prevent [JOD-Omaha]; wa-na-se (wanáse) - surrounding of a herd, to surround them, as a herd of buffalo or elk [Omaha/Ponca]; a-noⁿ-se (ánoⁿçe) - closed, shut, enclose, block, shutter [Omaha]; a-noⁿ-se (á-noⁿ-çe) - to intercept, to cut off a retreat, to surround [FL-Osage]; a-na-sa (ánasa), a-naⁿ-sa (ánaⁿsa) - to head off, cut off the retreat or anything; to surround [Kaw]

head, back of the head

► ni-shki (niškí) - back of the head

► ex: ni-shki niⁿ-kʰe (niškí nįkʰé) - the back of the head

► Dhegiha: noⁿ-shki (noⁿshki) - head, not including the face [Omaha]; noⁿ-shki zhi-de (noⁿshki zhide) - red head [Omaha]; te na-shki-ha (te nashkíha) - buffalo head hair, hair on the head of a buffalo [Omaha/Ponca]

head, bald head

► ta-xpi shta (ttaxpí šta) - bald head ► ta-xpi aⁿ-shta (ttaxpí ą́štá) - I’m, ta-xpi di-shta (ttaxpí díštá) - you’re

► cf. ta-xpi (ttaxpí) - top or crown of head; shta (šta) - smooth, bald, bare; ba-shta (baštá) - smoothe, sand, plane; di-shta (dištá) - smoothe, plane, sand; shta-ha (štáha) - smooth, rounded; a-ni shta-shta-ha (ani štaštáha) - round topped hills in series; siⁿ-te shta xo-te (sįtté šta xótte) - opossum, “grey smooth/bald tail”

► Dhegiha: ta-xpi zhna (taxpízhna) - bald, to be bald [Omaha/Ponca]; ta-xpi shna (taxpi shna) - bald [Omaha]

► Dhegiha: zhna (zhna) - bald, bare, smooth, hairless [Omaha/Ponca]; shta (shta) - hairless, destitute of hair [FL-Osage]; shta (štá), shta-ha (štáha) - shiny and smooth as a lake surface, slick, bald, hairless, cleared [CQ-Osage]; shta (shta) - smooth, hairless, bald [Kaw]

head, bareheaded

► pa-hi do-ka-niⁿ (ppahí dokkánį) - to be bareheaded ► pa-hi do-ka-bniⁿ (ppahí dokkábnį) - I, pa-hi do-ka-tiⁿ (ppahí dokkáttį) - you

► cf. pa-hi (ppahí) - head; do-ka-niⁿ (dokkánį), to-ka-niⁿ (tokkánį) - naked to the waist; to-ka-ni o-zha (ttokáni oža) - war dance; to-ka-ni o-zha (tokkáni óža) - war dance [MS]; zho do-ka-niⁿ hi (žó dokkánį hí) - naked, nude

► Dhegiha: ha thu-ga-thiⁿ (ha thúgathiⁿ) - naked, nude, bare [Omaha]; tho-ʰka-thiⁿ (tho-ḳá-thiⁿ) - stripped to the waist [FL-Osage]; yo-ka-yiⁿ (yokáyiⁿ) - naked, stripped to the waist [Kaw]

► pa-hi e-niⁿ-kʰe-naⁿ (ppahí énįkʰeną́) - bareheaded

► cf. pa-hi (ppahí) - head; e (e) - that, it, aforementioned; ni-ke (niké) - to have none, be lacking; naⁿ (ną), noⁿ (nǫ) - habitual postclitic

head, black bear head

► wa-sa pa-hi (wasá ppahí) - black bear head [JOD]

► cf. wa-sa (wasá) - black bear; pa-hi (ppahí) - head

► ex: wa-sa pa-hi a-kda bde taⁿ (wasá ppahí akdá bde tą) - I will go after the (my) black bear head [JOD]

► ex: wa-sa pa-hi niⁿ-kʰe da-sniⁿ-zhi hi aⁿ-koⁿ-da hi (wasá ppahí nįkʰé dasnį́ži hí ąkkǫ́da hí) - he did not devour/swallow the bear head, he was coming, chasing me [JOD]

► Dhegiha: wa-sa-pe (waçábe) - black bear [Omaha]; wa-sa-pe (wa-ça-be) - black bear [FL-Osage]; wa-sa (wasá), wa-sai (wasái), wa-sa-pe (wasápe) - bear, especially black bear [CQ-Osage]; wa-sa-be (wasábe) - bear, black bear [Kaw]

head, bow the head

► wa-kda-zhi (wákdaží) - bend down, stoop, bow the head ► aⁿ-wa-kda-zhi (ąwákdaží) - I, di-wa-kda-zhi (diwákdaží) - you

head, deer’s head

► ta pa-hi (tta ppáhi) - deer’s head or skull

► cf. ta (tta) - deer, meat; pa-hi (ppahí) - head

► Dhegiha: ta-pa (tapá) - Deer Head, the name of an Omaha gens [Omaha/Ponca]; ʰta-pa (ṭa-pá) - Deer Head, the Osage name for the Pleiades [FL-Osage]; ta-pa (tápá) - the Pleiades (the Seven Sisters), lit., “the deer’s head” [Kaw]

head, Eagle Head

► xi-da pa-hi (qi-d^¢á pa-hí) - masculine name of the Kwapa Eagle gens; Eagle Head (rather than Eagle Neck). In Omaha and Ponka, pa-hi (p͓ahi) is neck, not head [JOD]

► cf. xi-da (xidá) - eagle; pa-hi (ppahí) - head; xi-da pa (qi-d^¢á pa) - masculine name of the Kwapa Eagle gens [JOD]

► Dhegiha: xi-tha pa-hi (xithápahi) - Eagle Neck, male name [Omaha]

head, feather on the head

► wa-kde (wakdé) - feather on the head [MS]

► cf. a-kde (akdé) - put, set a standing (perpendicular--JOD) object upright upon a surface or within something which supports it, as in pitching a tent, placing a candle on a table, etc.; o-kde (okdé) - put lengthwise, to stand

► ex: wa-kde sa i-niⁿ-ha a-kde pa naⁿ (wákde sá inįhá ákde pa ną́) - they wore (a) black feather on the head too [JOD]

► Dhegiha: wa-gthe (wa-gthe) - a plume, a symbolic plume made of a downy feather of an eagle [FL-Osage]; wa-gthe-ʰtoⁿ e-goⁿ (wa-gthe-ṭoⁿ e-goⁿ) - a plumelike shaft [FL-Osage]; ska-gthe wa-gthe (çká-gthe wa-gthe) - ornamental plume [FL-Osage]; moⁿ-shoⁿ wa-gthe (móⁿ-shoⁿ wa-gthe) - ornamental or symbolic plume worn on top of the head [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: a-gthe (á-gthe) - to place on top of another in an upright position [FL-Osage]; a-dle (áadle), a-le (ále) - place an item upright on another item, set on [CQ-Osage]; a-le (ále) - stand a perpendicular object, such as a candlestick, on a surface [Kaw]

head, hair on the sides of the head

► ta-te hiⁿ (ttattéhį) - hair on the sides of the head; hair on the temples

► cf. ta-te (ttátte) - temple(s), side of the head; hiⁿ (hį) - hair of the body, down of bird, fur; ta-te kde-zhe (ttátte kdéže) - spotted temples [JOD]; ta-te-noⁿ-shi (ttattenǫ́ši) - cheek

head, into the head

► ni-shki-ta (niškítta) - into the head [JOD]

► cf. ni-shki (niškí) - back of the head; ta (tta) - to, at, toward, in that direction

► ex: ni-ski-ta a-ba-xda-te i-tʰe-de (niškítta ábaxdátte itʰéde) - he stuck it (the pin) into his hair (upright on the back of his head) [JOD]

► Dhegiha: noⁿ-shki (noⁿshki) - head, not including the face [Omaha]; noⁿ-shki zhi-de (noⁿshki zhide) - red head [Omaha]; te na-shki-ha (te nashkíha) - buffalo head hair, hair on the head of a buffalo [Omaha/Ponca]

head, Raises the Head

► pa di-ha (pá d^¢ihá) - masculine name, Raises the Head (Cletus Mud..e) [JOD]

head, shake the head

► pa-hi ka-zhoⁿ-zhoⁿ (ppahí kažǫ́žǫ) - to shake the head

► cf. pa-hi (ppahí) - head; zhoⁿ-zhoⁿ (žǫ́žǫ) - shake; i-di-zhoⁿ-zhoⁿ (ídižǫ́žǫ) - shake, as a person or tree; naⁿ-pe o-di-zho(nąpe ódižǫ́žǫ) - to shake hands

► ex: pa-hi ka-zhoⁿ-zhoⁿ niⁿ-kʰe (ppahí kažǫ́žǫ nįkʰé) - he’s (dog) shaking his head, he’s (dog) shaking the fleas [MS]

► Dhegiha: thi-zhoⁿ-zhoⁿ (thi-zhoⁿ-zhoⁿ) - to arouse a person from a sound sleep by roughly shaking him [FL-Osage]; thi-zhaⁿ-zhaⁿ (ðižą́žą), thi-zha-zha (ðižaža) - shake a person, an object, or one's own body part, such as shaking the head [CQ-Osage]

head, shave the head, crop short

► ni-zhi-ha a-di-ski (nižíha ádiski) - shave the head, crop short, to shave or cut off short, as the hair of the head

► cf. ni-zhi-ha (nižíha) - hair of the human head; a-di-ski (ádiski) - cut off all the hair, shave; a-di-ski (adiskí) - wore the hair shingled [JOD]; we-da-di-ski (wédadíski) - scissors

► ex: e-ti ni-ka naⁿ-haⁿ ke a-di-ski naⁿ-hi pa naⁿ (étti níkka nąhą́ ke adiskí ną́hi pá ną) - back then, the grown men only wore their hair shaved [JOD]

head, side of the head

► ta-te (ttátte) - temple(s), side of the head

► cf. ta-te hiⁿ (ttattéhį) - hair on the sides of the head; hair on the temples; ta-te kde-zhe (ttátte kdéže) - spotted temples [JOD]; ta-te-noⁿ-shi (ttattenǫ́ši) - cheek

head, top or crown of head

► ta-xpi (ttaxpí) - top or crown of head

► cf. ta-xpi shta (ttaxpí šta) - bald head

► ex: ta-xpi niⁿ-kʰe (ttaxpí-nįkʰe) - the top of the head

► Dhegiha: ta-xpi (taqpí) - top of the head, crown [Omaha/Ponca]; ta-xpi (taxpí) - top of the head [Omaha]; ʰta-xpi (ṭa-xpí) - crown of the head FL-Osage]; ta-xpu (taxpú) - crown of the head, top of the head [Kaw]

head, White Head

► pa-hi ska (ppahíska) - white head [MS, OM, LQ]

► pa-hi ska (pa-hí ska) - masculine name, White Head [JOD]

► pa-hi ska (ppahíska) - bald eagle; white head; name of Pawhuska, OK.

► cf. pa-hi (ppahí) - head; ska (ska) - white; pa-hi-ska zhi-ka (ppahíska žíka) - dwarfs, not often seen

► Dhegiha: pa-hi-ska (pahíska) - head; hair; white (buffalo when shoulder hair is shed), male name [Omaha]; pa-hi-ska (pahískă) - personal name, white hair of the head [Omaha/Ponca]; ʰpa-hiu-ska (p̣a-hiú-çka) - white hair, personal name, refers to the sacred white buffalo [FL-Osage]; ʰpa-hiⁿ-ska (ʰpahį́įska) - Pawhuska, lit., “white head hair, white hair (of the head) [CQ-Osage]; pa-hu-ska taⁿ-ga (pahúska táⁿga) - Large one with White Hair, White Hair, Sr., male name [Kaw]

head, Yellow Head

► pa-hi zi (pahí zi) - female name, dau of Mrs. S & mother of Julia Stafford [JOD]

► cf. pa-hi (ppahí) - head; zi (zi) - yellow

► Dhegiha: pa-hi zi (pahízi) - yellow hair on head of elk, female name [Omaha]

headache, to have a headache

► pa-hiⁿ-te (ppahį́te) - to have a headache ► pa-hi aⁿ-te (ppahí ąté) - I, pa-hi di-iⁿ-te (ppahí diįté) - you, pa-hi waⁿ-te-a-we (ppahí wą́teáwe) - we

► pa-hi iⁿ-te (ppahí įté), pa-hi iⁿ-de (ppahí įdé) - headache [MS, AG]

► cf. pa-hi (ppahí) - head; iⁿ-de (įdé), iⁿ-te (įté) - ache, hurt, to have a pain; moiⁿ-ke (moį́ke įté) - angina, chest pain; hi iⁿ-te (hi įté) - toothache, have a toothache; zho iⁿ-de (jŭ-indeh) - pain (douleur), “body/flesh pain” [GI]

► ex: pa-hi aⁿ-de miⁿ-kʰe (ppahí ądé mįkʰé) - I've got a headache [AG]

► ex: pa-hi iⁿ-de (ppahí įdé) - I have a headache (to have a headache, he/she has a headache) [OM]

headdress made of eagle skins

► xi-da o-kdaⁿ-ke (xidá okną́ke) - headdress made of eagle skins

► cf. xi-da (xidá) - eagle; o-kdaⁿ-ke (ókdąke) - hat or cap

► Dhegiha: xi-tha u-gthoⁿ-ge (xi-tha-ú-gthoⁿ-ge) - eagle feather headdress [FL-Osage]; xu-tha-laⁿ-ke (xúðalą́ke) - eagle headdress [CQ-Osage]; xu-ya o-laⁿ-ge (xuyá oláⁿge), xu-yo-laⁿ-ge (xuyólaⁿge) - war bonnet, a headdress made of eagle feathers or of entire eagles [Kaw]

headdress of woven yarn

► wa-pa-hi o-knaⁿ (wappáhi okną́) - headdress of woven yarn

► cf. pa-hi (ppahí) - head; o-knaⁿ (ókną), o-kdaⁿ (ókdą) - put into; pa-hi o-kdaⁿ (ppáhi ókdą), pa-hi o-knaⁿ (ppáhi ókną), pa-ho-knaⁿ (ppahókną) - hat, cap, “head is put inside”

headdress, male ribbon headdress

► wa-bde-ka (wabdékka) - male ribbon headdress

► cf. wa-bde-ka (wabdékka) - ribbon; bde-ka (bdékka) - thin

► Dhegiha: ha-bthe-ka (há-bthe-ka) - ribbon [FL-Osage]; ha-bre-ʰka (háabreʰka) - ribbon [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: bthe-ka (bthéka) - thin [Omaha/Ponca]; bthe-ka (btheka) - thin [Omaha]; bthe-ʰka (bthé-ḳa) - thin [FL-Osage]; bre-ʰka (bréʰka) - lean, thin [CQ-Osage]; ble-ka (bléka) - be thin [Kaw]

headdress, roach

► ta-siⁿ-te a-knaⁿ (ttasį́tte ákną) - roach (headress) [MS]

► ta-siⁿ-te a-knaⁿ (ta sīⁿte ága na), (ta sīⁿ tē aga na) - head dress of deer hair and turkey beard, with bone standard and tube, from George Red Eagle and John Quapaw [MH]

► ta-siⁿ-te wa-knaⁿ (ttasį́tte wákną) - roach made of a deer’s tail

► cf. ta siⁿ-te (tta sį́tte) - deer’s tail; a-knaⁿ (ákną), a-kdaⁿ (ákdą) - put upon

► Dhegiha: ʰta-siⁿ-dse a-gthoⁿ (ṭa-çíⁿ-dse a-gthoⁿ) - deer’s tail headdress, a warrior’s decoration [FL-Osage]; ʰta-siⁿ-tse (ʰtaasį́įce) - headdress, lit., “deer tail” [CQ-Osage]; ta-siⁿ-je wa-laⁿ (tasíⁿje waláⁿ) - roach, deer tail headdress [Kaw]

health, strength

► ko-ke (kkókke) - health, strength

► cf. ko-ka-zhi (kkokkáži) - weak, feeble; ki-ko-ke (kikkókke) - recover, get well

► ko-ke (kkokké) - be physically healthy ► aⁿ-ko-ke (ąkkókke) - I’m, di-ko-ke (dikkókke) - you’re

► cf. ko-ka-zhi (kkokkáži) - weak, feeble; ki-ko-ke (kikkókke) - recover, get well

healthy

► ha-t’e ni-ke (hátʔe niké) - healthy, to be in good health ► ha-t’e aⁿ-ni-ke (ąníke) - I’m, ha-t’e di-ni-ke (diníke) - you’re

► cf. ha-t’e (hátʔe) - to be sick, ill; ni-ke (niké) - to have none, be lacking; ha-t’e wa-shkoⁿ (hátʔe waškǫ́) - relapse

heap

► sto-de (stóde) - collect, heap, pile, gather ► sto-a-de (stóade) - I, sto-da-de (stódade) - you

► cf. ma-hiⁿ sto-de (mahį́ stóde) - haystack; pe-zhe xda-he sto-de (ppežé xdáhe stóde) - wheat stack; sto-de hi naⁿ-zhiⁿ (stodé hi nąžį́) - stand in a group; sto-de knaⁿ-knaⁿ (stodé knąkną) - place plural objects in scattered heaps; sto-de-wa-zhi (stodéwaži) - place pl/an objects in one place; a-ki-sto-de i-tʰe-de (ákkistóde itʰéde) - pile up, make a heap; ki-sto (kistó) - assemble, gather

► sto-de hi (stodé hi) - collected in a heap, grouped

► cf. sto-de hi naⁿ-zhiⁿ (stodé hi nąžį́) - stand in a group

► sto-de i-tʰe-de (stodé itʰéde) - collect small objects in a group

► cf. a-ki-sto-de i-tʰe-de (ákkistóde itʰéde) - pile up, make a heap

► sto-de knaⁿ-knaⁿ (stodé knąkną) - place plural objects in scattered heaps ► sto-a-de a-knaⁿ-knaⁿ (stoáde aknąkną) - I, sto-da-de da-knaⁿ-knaⁿ (stódade daknąkną) - you

► cf. sto-de (stóde) - collect, heap, pile, gather; knaⁿ (kną) - set, put

► sto-de-zhi (stodéži) - collect small objects in a heap ► sto-de-a-zhi (stodéaží) - I, sto-de-da-zhi (stodédaží) - you, sto-de-oⁿ-zhi-we (stodéǫžíwe) - we

► cf. sto-de-wa-zhi (stodéwaži) - place plural/animate objects in one place

► a-ki-sto-de i-tʰe-de (ákkistóde itʰéde) - pile up, make a heap

► cf. sto-de (stóde) - collect, heap, pile, gather; i-tʰe-de (itʰéde) - stand something up

hear, listen

► na-x’oⁿ (naxʔǫ́) - hear, listen ► a-na-x’oⁿ (anáxʔǫ) - I, da-na-x’oⁿ (danáxʔǫ) - you, oⁿ-na-x’oⁿ-we (ǫnáxʔǫwe) - we

► ex: a-ki-kde-kde a-na-x’oⁿ (ákkikdekde anáxʔǫ) - I heard it indirectly

► ex: wi-na-x’oⁿ (winaxʔǫ) - I heard you

► ex: wi-na-x’oⁿ zhi (winaxʔǫ́ ži) - I didn’t hear you [MS]

► ex: aⁿ-da-na-x’oⁿ (ą́dánaxʔǫ) - did you hear me?

► ex: aⁿ-naⁿ-x’o zhi (ą́nąxʔǫ́ži) - she had not listened to me [JOD]

► ex: shi-naⁿ ta-bde bde a-kdi naⁿ aⁿ-naⁿ-x’oⁿ-zhi hi da-tʰe niⁿ-kʰe taⁿ she-mi zhi-ka xa-ke niⁿ-kʰe (šíną tábde bdé akdí ną ą́nąxʔǫ́ži hí datʰé nįkʰé tą šémižíka γaké nįkʰé) - I went hunting again, when I came back, she had not listened to me, she was eating it and the little girl was crying [JOD]

► Dhegiha: na-’oⁿ (na’óⁿ) - to hear, to listen, to understand what is said [Omaha/Ponca]; noⁿ-oⁿ (noⁿoⁿ) - hear [Omaha]; noⁿ-k’oⁿ (noⁿ-ḳ’oⁿ) - to hear [FL-Osage]; naⁿ-k’oⁿ (nąkʔǫ́) - hear, hear about, understand [CQ-Osage]; naⁿ-k’oⁿ (naⁿk’óⁿ) - hear [Kaw]

► a-na-x’oⁿ (ánaxʔǫ) - listen to ► a-a-na-x’oⁿ (áanaxʔǫ) - I, a-da-na-x’oⁿ (ádanaxʔǫ) - you

► cf. na-x’oⁿ (naxʔǫ́) - hear, listen

► ex: a-a-na-x’oⁿ-zhi pʰi (áanaxʔǫ́ži pʰí) - I did not heed him-I was coming, (I ignored him as I was coming) [JOD]

► ex: “tʰi-we, tʰi-we, wi-he,” i-ye naⁿ a-na-x’aⁿ-zhi hi kde i-ya-we (“tʰiwé, tʰiwé, wihé,” iyé ną ánaxʔąži hí kdé iyáwe) - “come, come, younger sister,” he said, she was not listening to (ignoring) him as she headed home, they say [JOD]

► ex: a-ki-na-x’oⁿ koⁿ-da-zhi (akínaxʔǫ́ kǫdáži) - he did not want to hear him (listen to him) [JOD]

► Dhegiha: a-noⁿ-ʰk’oⁿ (á-noⁿ-ḳ’oⁿ) - to harken, to listen to, to obey [FL-Osage]; a-naⁿ-k’oⁿ (ánąkʔǫ) - listen to, heed, listen [CQ-Osage]; a-no-k’aⁿ (ánok’aⁿ) - listen, listen to [Kaw]

► ki-na-x’oⁿ (kínaxʔǫ) - listen to someone, heed someone ► a-na-x’oⁿ (ánaxʔǫ) - I, da-na-x’oⁿ (dánaxʔǫ) - you

► cf. na-x’oⁿ (naxʔǫ́) - hear, listen

► o-na-x’oⁿ (ónaxʔǫ) - hear about something, hear a report ► o-a-na-x’oⁿ (óanáxʔǫ) - I, o-da-na-x’oⁿ (ódanáxʔǫ) - you

► cf. o-na-x’oⁿ i-ka-zo-zo (ónaxʔǫ íkazózo) - newspaper, lit. “paper that hears”; ma-ze wa-hi-oⁿ o-na-x’oⁿ (máze wáhiǫ onáxʔǫ) - telegraph wire; ma-ze wa-hi-oⁿ o-na-x’oⁿ i-ka-xe (máze wáhiǫ onáxʔǫ ikáγe) - telegraph

► Dhegiha: u-na-’aⁿ (uná’aⁿ) - to hear about it [JOD-Omaha]; u-noⁿ-ʰk’oⁿ (u-nóⁿ-ḳ’oⁿ) - a rumor, a report, hearsay [FL-Osage]; o-naⁿ-k’oⁿ (ónąkʔǫ) - rumor, hear a rumor, have foreknowledge of an event, something heard about [CQ-Osage]

► o-na-x’oⁿ-de (onáxʔǫde) - tell, lit. “cause to hear something” ► o-na-x’oⁿ-a-de (onáxʔǫáde) - I, o-na-x’oⁿ-da-de (onáxʔǫdáde) - you

► cf. o-na-x’oⁿ (ónaxʔǫ) - hear about something, hear a report; de (de) - make, have or make someone do something, cause something to happen to someone or something

► wa-na-x’oⁿ-zhi (wanáxʔǫží) - to be deaf ► a-wa-na-x’oⁿ-zhi (awánaxʔǫ́ži) - I, wa-da-na-x’oⁿ-zhi (wadánaxʔǫ́ži) - you

► cf. wa (wa) - them, things; na-x’oⁿ (naxʔǫ́) - hear, listen; zhi (ži) - not

► Dhegiha: wa-na-’oⁿ-zhi (wána’óⁿzhi) - not listen, not to listen to them, to pay no attention to them [Omaha/Ponca]; wa-noⁿ-’oⁿ a-zhi (wanoⁿ’oⁿ azhi) - deaf [Omaha]

hearing

► ni-xi-te (niγítte) - hearing

► ni-xi-te (niγítte) - inner ear, opening of the ear

► ni-xi-te (niγítte) - ear, the ear hole [MS]

► ni-xe-te (ni˙xé˙tte) - ear [VG]

► ex: ni-xi-te ni-ke (niγítte níke) - to be deaf, to be disobedient; ni-xi-te maⁿ-tʰe tiⁿiⁿ (niγítte mą́tʰe ttį́į́) - ringing in the ear [MS]

► Dhegiha: noⁿ-xi-de (noⁿxide) - ear, the inner hearing organ [Omaha]; noⁿ-xu-dse (noⁿ-xú-dse) - the internal ear, that which holds the hearing orifice [FL-Osage]; naⁿ-xu-tse (nąąγúce) - ear, inner ear, act of hearing, understanding, paying attention, heeding advice [CQ-Osage]; ni-ghu-je (nighúje) - the external ear, sense of hearing [Kaw]

► ni-xi-te ni-ke (niγítte níke) - to be deaf, to be disobedient ► ni-xi-te aⁿ-ni-ke (niγítte ąníke) - I, ni-xi-te di-ni-ke (niγítte diníke) - you, ni-xi-te ni-ka-we (nixíte nik͓áwe) - they

► ni-xi-te niⁿ-ke (niqítĕ niñk͓é), (naqítĕ niñk͓é) - masculine name, was father of míhita [JOD]

► cf. ni-xi-te (niγítte) - ear, inner, opening of the ear, hearing; ni-xi-te (niγítte) - ear, the ear hole [MS]; ni-ke (niké) - to have none, be lacking; ni-xi-te maⁿ-tʰe tiⁿiⁿ (niγítte mą́tʰe ttį́į́) - ringing in the ear [MS]

► ex: hoⁿ ma-shtiⁿ-ke ni-xi-te di-ni-ke (hǫ maštį́ke niγítte diníke) - yes, rabbit you have been disobedient [JOD]

► ex: i-naⁿ-paⁿ te na-ha ti ke ni-xi-te ni-ka-we i-yi iya (ínąpą́ tté nahá tti ke niγítte nikáwe iyí iyá) - a second time she said, “do not go to those lodges, they are disobedient,” they say [JOD]

► ex: ti koi-ke ni-xi-te ni-ka-we (tti kóike niγítte nikáwe) - those lodges over there, those people are disobedient [JOD]

► Dhegiha: noⁿ-xi-de thi-ge (noⁿxide thiⁿge) - mischief, disobedient, boisterous, brat, wild human [Omaha]; noⁿ-xu-dse thiⁿ-ge (noⁿ-xú-dse thiⁿ-ge) - No Ears, personal name, unaccommodating, an unruly person, a disobedient child, willful, obstinate, forward, iniquitous, intractibility [FL-Osage]; naⁿ-xu-tse thiⁿ-ke (nąąɣúce ðįké) - no ears, refers to a person who won’t listen and is doing things wrong, doesn’t listen to advice [CQ-Osage]; ni-ghu-je yiⁿ-ge (nighúje yiⁿgé) - Deaf to Cries for Mercy (as a warrior is in times of battle), a personal name [Kaw]

heart

► naⁿ-te (ną́tte), noⁿ-te (nǫ́tte), naⁿ-de (ną́de) - heart

► naⁿ-te (ną́tte), noⁿ-te (nǫ́tte), naⁿ-de (ną́de) - heart [MS, AB, OM]

► noⁿ-te (noch-teh) - heart (cœur) [GI]

► Dhegiha: noⁿ-de (noⁿde) - heart [Omaha]; noⁿ-dse (nóⁿ-dse), thoⁿ-dse (thóⁿ-dse) - heart [FL-Osage]; naⁿ-tse (ną́ące), thaⁿ-tse (ðą́ące) - heart [CQ-Osage]; naⁿ-je (náⁿje) - heart [Kaw]

heart, bad heart

► naⁿ-te shi-ke (ną́tte šíke) - sad, grieved ► naⁿ-te aⁿ-shi-ke (ną́tte ąšíke) - I’m, naⁿ-te di-shi-ke (ną́tte dišíke) - you’re

► cf. naⁿ-te (ną́tte), noⁿ-te (nǫ́tte), naⁿ-de (ną́de) - heart; shi-ke (šíke) - bad

► Dhegiha: noⁿ-de pi-a-zhi (noⁿde piazhi) - hard hearted [Omaha]; naⁿ-de pi-a-zhi (năńde píäji) - grief, “bad heart [JOD-Omaha]

heart, bird heart

► wa-zhiⁿ-ka naⁿ-te (wažį́ka ną́tte) - bird’s heart

► cf. wa-zhiⁿ-ka (wažį́ka) - bird; naⁿ-te (ną́tte), noⁿ-te (nǫ́tte), naⁿ-de (ną́de) - heart

heart, buffalo heart

► te naⁿ-te (tteną́tte) - buffalo heart

► cf. te (tte) - buffalo; naⁿ-te (ną́tte), noⁿ-te (nǫ́tte), naⁿ-de (ną́de) - heart

► Dhegiha: te noⁿ-de (tenóⁿde) - heart of a buffalo or other animal [Omaha/Ponca]; ʰtse noⁿ-dse (ṭse-nóⁿ-dse) - buffalo heart, seldom used for food [FL-Osage]

heart, stout hearted

► naⁿ-te shoⁿ-da-da-zhi (ną́tte šǫ́dadáži) - stout hearted ► naⁿ-te aⁿ-shoⁿ-da-da-zhi (ną́tte ąšǫ́dadáži) - I’m, naⁿ-te di-shoⁿ-da-da-zhi (ną́tte dišǫ́dadáži) - you’re, naⁿ-te wa-shoⁿ-da-da-wa-zhi (ną́tte wašǫdadawaži) - we’re

► cf. naⁿ-te (ną́tte), noⁿ-te (nǫ́tte), naⁿ-de (ną́de) - heart; shoⁿ-da-da (šǫ́dada) - upset, unsteady, off balance, loose, unstable; zhi (zhi) - not

heat something, make hot

► ta-ka-te ka-xe (tákkatte káγe) - heat something, make hot

► cf. ta-ka-te (tákkatte) - hot, to be hot; ka-xe (káγe) - make, do, cause; ta (tá-) - by extreme temperature; ka-te (kkátte) - hot, to be hot; zho-ka-te (žókkatte) - fever, to have a fever; ni-xo-te ta-ka-te (nixótte tákkatte) - hot ashes [JOD]; ta-ka-te hi (tákkatte hí) - hot, really hot [MS]

► Dhegiha: ta-ʰka-tse ka-xe (táaʰkace káaγe) - heat, lit., “make it hot, cause it to heat up [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: na-ka-de (nákade) - heat [Omaha]; da-ʰka-dse (dá-ḳa-dse) - hot [FL-Osage]; ta-ʰka-tse (táaʰkace) - be hot to the touch, be warm, an object or a substance, or a person only in special circumstances, such as with fever, does not apply to weather [CQ-Osage]; da-ka-je (dákaje) - hot, as a person, stove [Kaw]

heat up, warm

► ta-shti-te (táštite) - warm, heat up

► cf. ta (tá) - by extreme temperature; shti-te (štítte) - comfortably warm; di-shti-te (dištité) - warm something in the hands; ta-shti-te-ki-de (táštitekkide) - warm oneself by the fire; o-ta-shti-te-ti (otáštitétti) - in the sunshine [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ta-shtsu-e (taašcúe), ta-shtsu-tse (táašcúuce) - be warm [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: shti-de (shtíde) - comfortable, warm, cozy [Omaha/Ponca]; shti-de (shtide) - warm by the sun [Omaha]; shti-de (shtí-de) - to be warm, to warm an object by holding it in the hands [FL-Osage]; shtsu-tse (šcúuce) - be warm [CQ-Osage]

heat, dried up, dead from heat/cold

► ta-xe (táxe) - dead from heat or cold, dried up

► cf. ba-ta-xe (battáxe) - dry up, root up the soil; bi-ta-xe (bittáxe) - dry up, press dry; da-ta-xe (dattáxe) - dry up from being gnawed; di-ta-xe (dittáxe) - dry out by pulling up, uproot; ka-ta-xe (kattáxe) - crack and die from being cut, as corn; pa-ta-xe (páttaxe) - cut and dry up, e.g. cornstalk; po-ta-xe (póttaxe) - cause to dry up from punching; ta-ta-xe (táttaxe) - dry up and die, as vegetation from the sun

heat, evaporate from heat or cold

► ta-da-xiⁿ (tádaγį) - evaporate from heat or cold

► cf. ta (tá) - by extreme temperature

► Dhegiha: na (ná) - by extreme temperature [Omaha/Ponca]; da (da) - by heat, a prefix denoting fire or the effects of fire in it’s destruction, to feeze, frozen [FL-Osage]; ta (táa) - by extreme of temperature, by heat or cold [CQ-Osage]; da (dá) - instrumental prefix indicating effect of fire, heat, or extreme cold (more often heat than cold) [Kaw]

heat, wither from exposure to heat

► ta-ta-t’e (táttatʔe) - wither from exposure to heat

► cf. ta (tá) - by extreme temperature; ta-t’e (tátʔe) - withered from heat or cold; ba-ta-t’e (battátʔe) - kill, cause to wither; bi-ta-t’e (bittátʔe) - press to death; da-tʰa-t’e (datʰátʔe) - gnaw to death; di-ta-t’e (dittátʔe) - uproot a plant, pull up; ka-ta-t’e (kattátʔe) - kill, cut off, cause to wither; naⁿ-ta-t’e (nąttátʔe) - trample to death; pa-ta-t’e (páttatʔe) - wither, cause by cutting; po-ta-t’e (póttatʔe) - kill vegetation by punching

heat, withered from heat or cold

► ta-t’e (tátʔe) - withered from heat or cold

► cf. ta (tá) - by extreme temperature; t’e (tʔe) - die

► Dhegiha: da-ʰts’e-ga (dá-ṭs’e-ga) - wilted, withered [FL-Osage]; da-ts’e-ga (dáts’ega) - be withered, killed, or injured by heat [Kaw]

heaven

► maⁿ-shi (mąší) - heaven, upper, upward, high, above

► cf. maⁿ-shi hi (mą́ši hí) - high, high up, incommunicative; maⁿ-shi o-ki (mą́ši okkí) - Christian, lit. “talks on high”; mo-sho-ki (móšokki) - church, contraction of maⁿ-shi (mąší) - upward, heaven + o-ki (okí) - speak, talk with one [AG]; maⁿ-shi o-ki o-ti (mą́ši okkí ótti) - church, “house to talk above”; maⁿ-shi taⁿ-ka (mąší ttą́ka) - mountain; maⁿ-shi hi (mąší hi) - cliff; maⁿ-shi de (mą́ši dé) - go up, ascend; i-ha-zho maⁿ-shi (íhažó mąší) - upper lip; i-shta-ha maⁿ-shi (ištáha mąší) - upper eyelid; di-maⁿ-shi (dimą́ši) - pull up high

► ex: da-wa-ta maⁿ-shi (dawattá mąší) - pray for up (you pray to heaven) [MS]

► ex: maⁿ-shi o-ki niⁿ-kʰe (mą́ši okkí nįkʰé) - pray (he/she is praying) [MS]

► ex: maⁿ-shi wa-koⁿ-ta kniⁿ niⁿ-kʰe (mąší wakǫ́ta knį nįkʰé) - God is up there (God resides in heaven) [MS]

► ex: iⁿ-ta-te wa-kaⁿ-ta maⁿ-shi niⁿ-kʰe (įttátte wakką́tta mąší nįkʰé) - Father (God) is up in heaven [MS]

► ex: wi-e mo-sho-ki a-kde ta miⁿ-kʰe ka-sa-ni (wíe móšokki akdé tta mįkʰé kasáni) - I am going to church in the morning (tomorrow) [AG]

► ex: jhi-e mo-sho-ki da-kde (ǰíe móšokki dakdé) - did you go to church yesterday? (you go to church?) [AG]

► Dhegiha: moⁿ-shi a-di (moⁿshíadi) - tall, be very tall, extend from the ground far up into the air [Omaha/Ponca]; moⁿ-shi a-ha (moⁿshiaha) - high [Omaha]; moⁿ-shi (móⁿ-shi) - up above, the arch of heaven, zenith [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-shi (mą́ši) - be upward or upright [CQ-Osage]; maⁿ-shi (máⁿshi) - high up, as the sun in the sky [Kaw]; maⁿ-shi-ta (maⁿshíta) - above, upper, e.g. upper teeth [Kaw]

heavy

► ski-ke (skíke) - heavy, heavy weight

► ski-ke hi (skíke hí) - heavy, very heavy [MS]

cf. ski-ke k’iⁿ (skíke kʔį) - carry a heavy load; ski-ke o-skaⁿ-ska (skíke oską́ska) - one half pound, 1/2 lb; i-ski-ke ka-xe (ískike káγe) - pound, lit. “makes weight”; ski-ke miⁿ-xti (skíke mįxti) - one pound, 1 lb

► Dhegiha: ski-ge (skíge) - heavy [Omaha/Ponca]; ski-ge (skige) - heavy [Omaha]; ski-ge (çkí-ge) - heavy [FL-Osage]; ski-ke (skíke) - heavy, tired, weighted down, heavily laden [CQ-Osage]; skiⁿ-ge (skíⁿge) - be heavy [Kaw]

heavy, carry a heavy load

► ski-ke k’iⁿ (skíke kʔį) - carry a heavy load

► cf. ski-ke (skíke) - heavy, heavy weight; k’iⁿ (kʔį) - carry, pack on the back; ski-ke o-skaⁿ-ska (skíke oską́ska) - one half pound, 1/2 lb; i-ski-ke ka-xe (ískike káγe) - pound, lit. “makes weight”; ski-ke miⁿ-xti (skíke mįxti) - one pound, 1 lb

► Dhegiha: i-‘iⁿ (í’iⁿ) - a carrying strap, a strap or cord for carrying something on one’s back or for a powder horn [Omaha/Ponca]; ʰk’iⁿ (ḳ’iⁿ) - to carry [FL-Osage]; k’iⁿ (kʔį́) - carry, carry on the back [CQ-Osage]; k’iⁿ (k’iⁿ) - pack on the back, carry on the back [Kaw]

heavy, not heavy, lightweight

► ha-ha (háha) - light, not heavy

► ha-ha hi (háha hi) - very light (not heavy) [MS]

► Dhegiha: ha-ha-da (hahada) - lightweight [Omaha]; ha-ha (há-ha) - light, not heavy, light weight [FL-Osage]; ha-ha (háha) - light, lightweight [Kaw]

heavy, top heavy

► po-shoⁿ-da-da (póšǫdadá) - make top heavy by thrusting at ► po-a-shoⁿ-da-da (poášǫdadá) - I, po-da-shoⁿ-da-da (pódašǫdadá) - you

► cf. po (pó) - by shooting, blowing, punching: outer instrumental prefix; shoⁿ-da-da (šǫ́dada) - unsteady, insecure; ba-shoⁿ-da-da (bašǫ́dada) - loosen, destabilize pushing at; bi-shoⁿ-da-da (bišǫ́dada) - upset, make unsteady pressing; ka-shoⁿ-da-da (kašǫ́dada) - undercut by striking, chopping; naⁿ-shoⁿ-da-da (nąšǫ́dadá) - destabilize with the foot; kick loose; pa-shoⁿ-da-da (pášǫdadá) - undercut, undermine; ta-shoⁿ-da-da (tášǫdadá) - top heavy, unsteady by burning; naⁿ-te shoⁿ-da-da-zhi (ną́tte šǫ́dadáži) - stout hearted

► ta-shoⁿ-da-da (tášǫdadá) - top heavy, unsteady by burning, said of a fire, not a personal act

► cf. ta (tá-) - by extreme temperature; shoⁿ-da-da (šǫ́dada) - unsteady, insecure; ba-shoⁿ-da-da (bašǫ́dada) - loosen, destabilize pushing at; bi-shoⁿ-da-da (bišǫ́dada) - upset, make unsteady pressing; ka-shoⁿ-da-da (kašǫ́dada) - undercut by striking, chopping; naⁿ-shoⁿ-da-da (nąšǫ́dadá) - destabilize with the foot; kick loose; pa-shoⁿ-da-da (pášǫdadá) - undercut, undermine; po-shoⁿ-da-da (póšǫdadá) - make top heavy by thrusting at; naⁿ-te shoⁿ-da-da-zhi (ną́tte šǫ́dadáži) - stout hearted

heed

► a-ki-hi-te (ákkihítte) - pay attention, attend, give heed, to insist on ► a-ki-hi-te (áakkihítte) - I, a-da-ki-hi-te (ádakkihítte) - you, oⁿ-ka-ki-hi-ta-we (ǫkákkihíttawe) - we

► cf. di-hi-te (dihítte) - meddle with things

► ex: a-ki-hi-te kniⁿ di-ni-ke (ákkihitte knį́ diníke) - you have no one to attend to you regularly

► a-na-x’oⁿ (ánaxʔǫ) - listen to ► a-a-na-x’oⁿ (áanaxʔǫ) - I, a-da-na-x’oⁿ (ádanaxʔǫ) - you

► cf. na-x’oⁿ (naxʔǫ́) - hear, listen

► ex: a-a-na-x’oⁿ-zhi pʰi (áanaxʔǫži pʰí) - I did not heed him-I was coming (I ignored him as I was coming) [JOD]

► ex: a-na-x’oⁿ-zhi hi kde i-ya-we (ánaxʔǫži hí kdé iyáwe) - she was not listening to (ignoring) him as she headed home, they said [JOD]

► ex: shi-naⁿ ta-bde bde a-kdi naⁿ aⁿ-naⁿ-x’oⁿ-zhi hi da-tʰe niⁿ-kʰe taⁿ she-mi zhi-ka xa-ke niⁿ-kʰe (šíną tábde bdé akdí ną ą́nąxʔǫ́ži hí datʰé nįkʰé tą šémižíka γaké nįkʰé) - I went hunting again, when I came back, she had not listened to me, she was eating it and the little girl was crying [JOD]

► Dhegiha: a-na-’oⁿ (ána’oⁿ) - of na-’oⁿ (na’óⁿ), to listen to, to hear and obey [Omaha/Ponca]; a-noⁿ-’oⁿ (ánoⁿoⁿ) - listen, heed, believe, obey, loyal [Omaha]; a-noⁿ-ʰk’oⁿ (á-noⁿ-ḳ’oⁿ) - to harken, to listen to, to obey [FL-Osage]; a-naⁿ-k’oⁿ (ánąkʔǫ) - listen to, heed, listen [CQ-Osage]; a-no-k’aⁿ (ánok’aⁿ) - listen, listen to [Kaw]

► ki-na-x’oⁿ (kínaxʔǫ) - listen to someone, heed someone ► a-na-x’oⁿ (ánaxʔǫ) - I, da-na-x’oⁿ (dánaxʔǫ) - you

► cf. na-x’oⁿ (naxʔǫ́) - hear, listen

► ex: a-ki-na-x’oⁿ koⁿ-da-zhi (akínaxʔǫ́ kǫdáži) - he did not want to listen to him [JOD]

► Dhegiha: gi-na-’aⁿ (giná’aⁿ) - to hear of his own [JOD-Omaha]; gi-noⁿ-ʰk’oⁿ (gi-nóⁿ-ḳ’oⁿ) - he had already heard the message sent to him [FL-Osage]; ki-naⁿ-k’oⁿ (kínąkʔǫ) - hear something about someone or something belonging to or connected with oneself [CQ-Osage]; gu-noⁿ-k’oⁿ (gúnoⁿk’oⁿ) - hear it for him [Kaw]; gi-noⁿ-k’oⁿ (gínoⁿk’oⁿ) - hear one’s own [Kaw]

heel

► si de-te (sidétte) - heel

► cf. si (si) - foot

► ex: si de-te niⁿ-kʰe (sidétte-nįkʰé) - the heel

► Dhegiha: si the-de (sithéde) - heel [Omaha/Ponca]; si the-de (çi théde) - heel [Omaha]; si the-dse (çi-thé-dse) - heels [FL-Osage]; si ye-je (siyéje) - heel [Kaw]

height, a certain height, tall enough

► she-tʰaⁿ-ka (šetʰąkká), she-taⁿ-ka (šettąká) - tall enough, a certain height

► cf. a-tʰaⁿ-ka (atʰąkká) - how tall, how high; de-tʰaⁿ-ka (detʰąkká), de-taⁿ-ka (dettąká) - tall, this (much); kaⁿ-ze a-tʰaⁿ-ka (kką́ze atʰąkká) - of equal height; miⁿ-de-tʰaⁿ-ka (mįdétʰąká) - half that height

height, fall from a height

► o-xpa-de (oxpáde) - fall from a height ► oⁿ-xpa-de (ǫ́xpade) - I, o-di-xpa-de (odíxpadé) - you

► cf. mi-ka-x’e o-xpa-de (mikkáxʔe oxpáde) - meteor, shooting star, falling star; ni o-xpa-de (ní oxpáde) - waterfall; o-ki-xpa-de (okíxpade) - lose something; o-ba-xpa-de (obáxpade) - push off and cause to fall; o-bi-xpa-de (obíxpade) - fall, cause by pressure/weight; o-di-xpa-de (odíxpade) - pull off and cause to fall; o-ka-xpa-de (okáxpade) - knock off, cause to fall off; o-naⁿ-xpa-de (oną́xpade) - kick something down; o-po-xpa-de (opóxpade) - shoot down

► Dhegiha: u-xpa-the (uxpathe) - fell, fall [Omaha]; u-xpa-the (uqpá¢ĕ) - falling from a height [JOD-Omaha]; u-xpa-the (u-xpá-the) - to fall, to become lost, to feel around with the hands in the dark, to grope [FL-Osage]; o-xpa-the (oxpáðe) - fall from a height, get lost, become lost, lose [CQ-Osage]; o-xpa-ye (oxpáye) - fall from a height, fall off, to fall from a height, get lost, become lost [Kaw]

height, half that height

► miⁿ-de-tʰaⁿ-ka (mįdétʰąká) - half that height

► cf. miⁿ-de (mįdé-) - half (of that measure); a-tʰaⁿ-ka (atʰąkká) - how tall, how high; de-tʰaⁿ-ka (detʰąkká), de-taⁿ-ka (dettąká) - tall, this (much); kaⁿ-ze a-tʰaⁿ-ka (kką́ze atʰąkká) - of equal height; she-tʰaⁿ-ka (šetʰąkká), she-taⁿ-ka (šettąká) - tall enough, a certain height

height, of equal height

► kaⁿ-ze a-tʰaⁿ-ka (kką́ze atʰąkká) - of equal height

► cf. kaⁿ-ze (kką́ze), koⁿ-ze (kkǫ́ze) - equal in; a-tʰaⁿ-ka (atʰąkká) - how tall, how high; kaⁿ-ze a-na (kką́ze ána) - equal in quantity, number; kaⁿ-ze a-tʰaⁿ-ha (kką́ze átʰąha) - equal or like depth; kaⁿ-ze a-na-ska (kką́ze ánaska) - of equal size or like; kaⁿ-ze a-tʰaⁿ (kką́ze átʰą) - of equal length

hello, greeting

► ha-we (hawé) - hello, greeting

► ha-we (hawé) - hello [AG, OM]

► ex: naⁿ-pe o-di-zhoⁿ-zhoⁿ, ha-we (nąpé ódižǫ́žǫ, hawé) - hello, shake hands [MS]

► Dhegiha: a-ho (ahó) - hello (male) [Omaha]; ha-we (ha-wé) - to greet, ha-ve (ha-vé) - female, to greet [FL-Osage]; ha-we (hawé) - hello, female speakers may say either ha-we (hawé) or ha-ve (havé/havéu), where v is a sound between English v and a semivoiced w, this word is the one place such a sound occurs in Osage [CQ-Osage]; ha-we (hawé) - hello (female speaking) [Kaw]; ho-we (howé) - yes, male speech; also, “well!”, as a sentence launcher or salutation, which may be used to introduce a topic, and “thank you!”, in modern times (21st century) it has come to be used exclusively as the masculine form for “hello.” [Kaw]; ho (ho) - hello, male speech [Kaw]

help each other

► o-ki-kaⁿ (ókkikką́) - help each other ► o-a-ki-kaⁿ (oákkikką́) - I, o-da-ki-kaⁿ (odákkikką́) - you

► Dhegiha: o-ki-ʰkaⁿ (okíʰką) - help one’s own relative [CQ-Osage]

help someone

► o-ki-kaⁿ (okíkką) - help someone ► o-a-kaⁿ (óakką) - I, o-da-kaⁿ (ódakką) - you

► o-ki-kaⁿ (okíkką) - help someone [OM]

► Dhegiha: u-i-kaⁿ (u-í-k͓aⁿ) - to aid or help another, not a relation [JOD-Omaha]; o-ki-ʰkaⁿ (okíʰką) - help another who is not a relative [CQ-Osage]; u-wa-gi-koⁿ (úwagikóⁿ) - aid, help, to help them or us, to aid more than one person [Omaha/Ponca]

► Dhegiha: u-wa-koⁿ (úwakoⁿ) - help, to help them [Omaha/Ponca]; o-wa-kaⁿ (ówakaⁿ) - help, to help someone [Kaw]

help, go out of the way to help

► i-we-de-naⁿ (íwedeną́) - go out of the way to help ► i-we-bde-maⁿ (íwebdemą́) - I, i-we-te-naⁿ (íwetteną́) - you

help, I will help you

► wi-ki-kaⁿ ta (wi-gi-kun-tâ) - I will help you [LH]

► cf. wi (wi) - I to you, first person singular acting on second person; o-ki-kaⁿ (okíkką) - help someone; ta (tta) - future

► Dhegiha: u-wi-kaⁿ (uwíkaⁿ) - I help you [JOD-Omaha]; u-wi-kaⁿ ta miⁿ-ke (uwíkaⁿ tá miñke) - I will help you [JOD-Omaha]; u-wi-kaⁿ-xti ta miⁿ-ke (uwík͓aⁿ-qti tá-miñke) - I will aid you to the utmost [JOD-Omaha]; o-wi-kaⁿ (owíʰką) - I help you [CQ-Osage]

hen chicken

► si-ka wa-x’o (síkka waxʔó) - hen, lit. “female chicken”

► si-ka wa-x’o (síkka waxʔó) - hen chicken [OM]

► cf. si-ka (síkka) - chicken; wa-x’o (waxʔó) - woman, also female animal; si-ka ni-ka (síkka níkka) - rooster, lit. “male chicken”

► Dhegiha: siu-ʰka mi-ga (siu-ḳa mi-ga (çiú-ḳa mi-ga) - female chicken, female turkey [FL-Osage]; su-ʰka miⁿ-ka (súʰka mį́įka), su-ʰka miⁿ-e (súʰka mį́įe) - hen [CQ-Osage]; si-ka zhu-je miⁿ-ga (síka zhúje miⁿgá) - hen [Kaw]

her

► e (e) - that, he, she, it, aforementioned

► ex: e she-mi (é šémi) - that girl [JOD]

► ex: ni-ka-shi-ka e a-zha-miⁿ (níkkašika e ážamį) - I treat him as a human being

► ex: e a-di-xe koⁿ-da (é ádiγé kǫdá) - she wanted to marry him, the aforementioned [JOD]

► ex: o-zha tʰaⁿ e toⁿ-we ni-he (óža tʰą é tǫ́we-nihe) - that one dancing, you’all look at him [JOD]

► ex: e sh’a-ke niⁿ-kʰe ki-ta-ni taⁿ e-zhaⁿ-ke e-ta taⁿ kaⁿ-tʰaⁿ (e šʔáke nįkʰé kitáni tą ežą́ke ettá tą ką-tʰą́) - he, the old man sat smoking, while his daughter stood [JOD]

► ex: e za-ni zhaⁿ iⁿ-ke (é zaní žą́ įké) - they all reclining

► ex: be ni-ka-shi-ka di-baⁿ i-niⁿ-haⁿ (bé níkkašíka dibą́ inįhą́) - who could this person be, that called to you? [JOD]

► ex: e a-niⁿ ni-tʰe (é anį́ nitʰé) - that, the aforementioned, he probably has it [JOD]

► ex: e o-do-ha-ke (é odóhake) - that last one [JOD]

► ex: e o-do-ha-ke ni a-shka ki taⁿ pa-hi niⁿ-kʰe ki-ki-knaⁿ (é odóhake ní áška kí tą ppahí nįkʰé kíkikną́) - that-last one-water-near-reached here again-when-head-the (part)-she put down her own for him [JOD]

► ex: e haⁿ-ba haⁿ-ke hi (é hą́ba hą́ke hí) - that-day-nearly-very [JOD]

► ex: ka-sa-ni-a-ti e zhiⁿ-ka tʰaⁿ a-shi-ti hi i-ya-we (kásaniáti e žįká tʰą ášitti hí iyáwe) - the next morning, that little/young one went outside, they said [JOD]

► ex: maⁿ-te kaⁿ-de ka-ba-xe i-ya-we, iⁿ-spe zhi-ka e i-oⁿ ka-ba-xe i-ya-we (mątté-kkąde kabáγe iyáwe, į́spe žiká é iǫ́ kabáγe iyáwe) - she chopped the canoe string/rope in two, they say, using the hatchet she chopped the string/rope in two, they say [JOD]

► ex: e maⁿ-te kʰe-ti o-hi-kniⁿ naⁿ kde (e mąté kʰettí ohíknį ną kdé) - that/the canoe, she got into it and sat down, then headed home [JOD]

► ex: e hoⁿ-pe niⁿ-kʰe, hu-wa-ke ki-shoⁿ-i naⁿ, ka-hi-ke taⁿ-ka e-zhiⁿ-ke knoⁿ-ke te (e hǫp͓é nįkʰé huwake kišǫ́i ną kahíke ttą́ka ežį́ke knǫké tte) - that shoe, whoever it fits, Big Chief’s son will marry her [JOD]

► ex: ma-shtiⁿ-ke niⁿ e wa-naⁿ niⁿ (maštį́ke nį é waną nį) - rabbit was singing it (the aforementioned) as he was moving along [JOD]

► ex: e e-ta taⁿ-ha kdi-ze a-taⁿ ti-a-ti kaⁿ a-kda-niⁿ de (é ettá tąhá kdíze áttą ttíatti ką ákdanį́ dé) - because it was hers, she took it (her own), she took it into the house [JOD]

► Dhegiha: e (é) - he, she, that, that one, the afore-said, they, it [JOD-Omaha]; e (e) - he, she, it, or that [FL-Osage]; e (ée) - 3^rd person emphatic or contrastive pronoun (that one, that person, she/her, he/him; those persons, them; this person or thing, the foregoing, she herself, he himself, they themselves [CQ-Osage]; e (e), ’e (’e), (’ee) - that, those, be that, those [Kaw]

here

► de-do (dédo) - here

► de-do (de-do) - here, this place, right here [AG, OM]

► cf. de-to (dettó), de-do (dedó) - native, translates JOD’s “Dhegiha”; she-do (šédo) - yonder, there

► ex: de-do a-shka e-ti-tʰaⁿ she-mi wa-niⁿ e-ti-tʰaⁿ, i-ke niⁿ (dédo áška ettítʰą šémi eną́hí wánį ettítʰą, iké nį́) - near here one stands (a lodge), it only has girls, he said to her [JOD]

► ex: de-do ti-aⁿ-hi kaⁿ miⁿ-kʰe moⁿ (dédo ttią́hi ką́ mįkʰé mǫ́) - I have been dwelling here a very long time [JOD]

► ex: wi-ti-kaⁿ, wa-x’o miⁿ de-do i-hi naⁿ i-da-de hoⁿ-zhi ae, i-ke (wittiką́, waxʔó mį dédo íhi ną ídade hǫži ae, iké) - my grandfather, did you not see a woman that arrived here?, he said to him [JOD]

► ex: de-do tʰi, t’e kʰe (dedo tʰi, tʔe kʰe) - he/she arrived here, the dead (person)

► ex: wi-e de-do a-tʰi ta miⁿ-kʰe (wíe dédo atʰí ta mįkʰé) - I’m sitting right here (I will be arriving here) [AG]

► Dhegiha: the-thu (¢é¢u) - here [JOD-Omaha]; the-thu-di a-toⁿ (thethudi atoⁿ) - from here [Omaha]; the-tho (thé-tho) - here at this place [FL-Osage]; ye-yo (yèyó) - here, right here [Kaw]

hermaphrodite

► miⁿ-xo-ke (mįxóke) - folkloric figures in Quapaw mythology

► Dhegiha: mi-xu-ga (mixuga) - lewd man, refers homosexual behavior [Omaha]; te miⁿ-xu-ga (temíⁿquga) - freemartin, hermaphrodite buffalo [Omaha/Ponca]; mi-xo-ke (miixóke) - homosexual, lesbian, gay person [CQ-Osage]; ʰtse miⁿ-xu-ga (ṭse-míⁿ-xu-ga) - a hermaphrodite buffalo [FL-Osage]; miⁿ-xo-ge (miⁿxóge) - catamite, male or femal, between a man and a woman, homosexual, gay, lesbian, hermaphrodite; JOD regarding the mí-a-lo-shka: a mythical race of beings, with large heads, and long hair, dwelling in solitary places, to which they are supposed to entice unwary Indians. Their victims become crazy, and live as miⁿ-xó-ge - hermaphrodites [Kaw]

hers

► i-ta (ittá), e-ta (ettá) - his, hers, its, alienable

► cf. wi-ta (wítta) - my (alienable), mine; di-ta (dítta) - your, yours, alienable; di-ta-we (díttawe) - your plural, yours, alienable; i-ta-we (ittáwe), e-ta-we (ettáwe) - their, theirs; oⁿ-ko-ta (ǫkótta) - our, the two of ours, (dual); oⁿ-ko-ta-we (ǫkóttawe) - our, ours (plural)

► ex: ni-ka i-ta (níkka ittá) - husband, her man

► ex: wa-x’o i-ta (waxʔó ittá) - wife, his woman

► ex: shoⁿ-ke i-ta (šǫ́ke ittá) - his/her dog

► ex: e e-ta taⁿ-ha kdi-ze a-taⁿ ti-a-ti kaⁿ a-kda-niⁿ de (é ettá tąhá kdíze áttą ttiátti ką ákdanį́ dé) - it was hers-because-she took her own-and-into the house-so-she carried her own [JOD]

► ex: e sh’a-ke niⁿ-kʰe ki-ta-ni taⁿ e-zhaⁿ-ke e-ta taⁿ kaⁿ-tʰaⁿ (e šʔáke nįkʰé kitáni tą ežą́ke ettá tą ką-tʰą́) - he, the old man sat smoking, while his daughter stood [JOD]

► ex: ti e-ta tʰe-ti ki (ttí ettá tʰétti kí) - he arrived/returned to his lodge [JOD]

► ex: iⁿ-da wi-te-ke e-ta-we di-da-tʰe ta-i-tʰe (įdá wítteke ettáwe dídatʰé taitʰé) - my mother, my uncle, theirs (offspring), they will eat you [JOD]

► ex: wi-zhoⁿ-de wi-ti-to i-niⁿ-ha, shi-zhi-ka e-ta-we e-naⁿ-hi o-shte ke, wi-e naⁿ-hi naⁿ-haⁿ e-ti miⁿ-kʰe (wižǫ́de wittítto inįhá, šižíka ettáwe enąhí ošté ke, wíe nąhí nąhą́ ettí mįkʰé) - my elder sister and elder brother, their children are all that is left, I am the eldest [JOD]

► Dhegiha: e-ta (eta) - his or her own [Omaha]; i-ʰta (i-ṭá) - his or hers [FL-Osage]; i-ʰta (íʰta) - be his/hers, theirs, belong to him/her, them [CQ-Osage]; i-ta (itá), (íta) - his, her, hers, its, their(s); be one’s; belong to [Kaw]

hesitate from shame or diffidence when about to ask a favor of someone not related

► a-ba-kda (ábakda) - hesitate from shame or diffidence when about to ask a favor of someone not related ► a-pa-kda (áppakda) - I, a-shpa-kda (ášpakda) - you, oⁿ-ka-ba-kda-we (ǫkabakdawe) - we

► cf. a-ki-pa-kda (ákipakda) - embarrassed to ask favor

► Dhegiha: a-ba-gtha (ábagtha) - to hesitate or draw back through shame or diffidence [Omaha/Ponca]; wa-ba-gtha (wabagtha) - bashful [Omaha]; a-ba-gtha (á-ba-gtha) - backward, bashful, diffident, shy [FL-Osage]; wa-ba-gtha (wá-ba-gtha) - shy, bashful, modest, modesty, shamefaced [FL-Osage]; a-ba-la (ábala) - bashful, hesitant or draw back through shame or diffidence [Kaw]; a-gi-ba-la (ágibala) - be ashamed to speak to his or her in- laws, as to a father-in-law or mother-in-law, a son-in- law or daughter-in-law; to be bashful towards such a person, this term refers to traditional social customs that required avoidance between certain relatives, such as those identified here by JOD, violating this restriction would cause shame to both parties [Kaw]

hiccough with no bad aftertaste

► sto-ke (stókke) - hiccough with no bad aftertaste ► a-sto-ke (astókke) - I, da-sto-ke (dastókke) - you, oⁿ-sto-ka-we (ǫstókkawe) - we

► cf. pi-xe (ppíxe) - belch with a sour taste

hickory nut

► poⁿ (ppǫ) - hickory nut

► poⁿ (poⁿ) - hickory nut [MS]

► poⁿ (pon) - hickory nut (noix) [GI]

► cf. poⁿ hi (ppǫhí) - hickory tree

► Dhegiha: ʰpoⁿ toⁿ-ga (p̩óⁿ-ṭoⁿ-ga) - nut of the hickory tree, hickory nut [FL-Osage]; ʰpa ʰtaⁿ (ʰpáʰtąą) - hickory nut [CQ-Osage]; paⁿ taⁿ-ga (páⁿtàⁿga) - hickory nut, walnut [Kaw]; paⁿ pa-zhiⁿ-ga (paⁿ pázhiⁿga) - a type of small hickory nut [Kaw]

hickory tree

► poⁿ hi (ppǫhí) - hickory tree

► cf. poⁿ (ppǫ) - hickory nut; hi (hi) - tree, bush, vine, stalk, leg

► Dhegiha: ʰpoⁿ-ʰtoⁿ-a hi (p̣óⁿ-ṭoⁿ-a hi) - large hickory tree [FL-Osage]; paⁿ-taⁿ-ga hu (páⁿtàⁿga hu) - hickory (tree), walnut (tree) [Kaw]

hickory, stone for crushing hickory nuts

► poⁿ ka-xnaⁿ-zhe (poⁿ ga ka n[m]o zha) - stone for crushing hickory nuts, from John Quapaw [MH]

► cf. poⁿ (ppǫ) - hickory nut; di-xnaⁿ-zhe (dixną́že) - crack something, as an egg; xnaⁿ-zha-de (xnąžáde) - shivered to pieces

► Dhegiha: ga-xthoⁿ-zhe (ga-xthóⁿ-zhe) - to crush with the hand [FL-Osage]; ga-xloⁿ-zhe (gaxlóⁿzhe) - to break or batter in a hollow object, as a stove, skull, etc.; to knock down causing to shatter or fall to pieces [Kaw]

hide a sg/si/in object

► na-xnaⁿ i-naⁿ-de (naxną́ iną́de) - hide a singular/sitting/inanimate object

► cf. na-xnaⁿ (naxną́) - secretly, covertly; i-naⁿ-de (iną́de) - put singular/sitting/inanimate or cloth/paper

► Dhegiha: noⁿ-xthoⁿ i-noⁿ-the (noⁿ-xthóⁿ i-noⁿ-the) - to hide a thing behind a screen, to secrete, hide something [FL-Osage]

hide one’s own sg/si/in object

► na-xnaⁿ ki-knaⁿ (naxną́ kikną́) - hide one’s own singular/sitting/inanimate or cloth object

► cf. na-xnaⁿ (naxną́) - secretly, covertly; ki-knaⁿ (kikną́) - set one’s own, put

► ex: wi-ti-kaⁿ na-xnaⁿ ki-knaⁿ, i-ke (wittiką naxną́ kíkną́, iké) - my grandfather hide me (your relation), she said to him [JOD]

► ex: na-xnaⁿ da-ki-knaⁿ koⁿ-bda wi-ti-kaⁿ, i-ke (naxną́ dakikną kkǫbdá wittiką́, iké) - my grandfather, I want you to hide me (your relation), she said to him [JOD]

► Dhegiha: noⁿ-xthoⁿ-ha (noⁿ-xthóⁿ-ha) - privacy, retirement, secrecy, underhand, to have a private concultation [FL-Osage]; naⁿ-loⁿ-ha (nąlǫ́ǫha) - be sneaky, hide, be sly, secretly scheme against someone, go behind someone’s back, be cunning, hide, conceal, covertly [CQ-Osage]; noⁿ-xlaⁿ (noⁿxláⁿ) - hide something [Kaw]; noⁿ-xlaⁿ-le (noⁿxláⁿle) - hide a perpendicular object by standing it upright inside something [Kaw]

hide oneself

► i-ki-na-xde (íkkináxde) - hide oneself ► i-da-ki-na-xde (idákkináxde) - I, i-da-ki-na-xde (ídakkináxde) - you

► Dhegiha: i-ki-noⁿ-xthe (iki noⁿxthe) - hide [Omaha]; i-ʰki-noⁿ-xthe (í-ḳi-noⁿ-xthe) - to hide one’s self [FL-Osage]

► Dhegiha: a-na-xthe (á-na-q¢e) - to cover, conceal, hide [JOD-Omaha]; a-noⁿ-xthe (á-noⁿ-xthe) - hide, put away, to hide something, to secrete, to conceal [FL-Osage]; a-noⁿ-xle (ánoⁿxle), a-no-xle (anoxle) - hide, conceal something [Kaw]

hide sg/st/in or collection

► na-xnaⁿ i-tʰe-de (naxną́ itʰéde) - hide singular/standing/inanimate or collection

► cf. na-xnaⁿ (naxną́) - secretly, covertly; i-tʰe-de (itʰéde) - stand something up, sg/st/in

► Dhegiha: noⁿ-xthoⁿ-ha (noⁿ-xthóⁿ-ha) - privacy, retirement, secrecy, underhand, to have a private concultation [FL-Osage]; naⁿ-loⁿ-ha (nąlǫ́ǫha) - be sneaky, hide, be sly, secretly scheme against someone, go behind someone’s back, be cunning, hide, conceal, covertly [CQ-Osage]; noⁿ-xlaⁿ (noⁿxláⁿ) - hide something [Kaw]; noⁿ-xlaⁿ-le (noⁿxláⁿle) - hide a perpendicular object by standing it upright inside something [Kaw]

hide someone else’s sg/si/in object

► na-xnaⁿ knaⁿ (naxną́ kną́) - hide someone else’s singular/sitting/inanimate object

► cf. na-xnaⁿ (naxną́) - secretly, covertly; knaⁿ (kną), kdaⁿ (kdą) - set, put

► Dhegiha: noⁿ-xlaⁿ o-laⁿ (noⁿxláⁿ oláⁿ) - hide an object such as a book, paper, or garment inside of something [Kaw]

hide someone’s sg/ly/in object

► na-xnaⁿ i-he-de (naxną́ ihéde) - hide someone’s singular/lying/inanimate object; i + positional + de “put away”

► cf. na-xnaⁿ (naxną́) - secretly, covertly; i-he-de (ihéde) - put a horizontal object

► Dhegiha: noⁿ-xthoⁿ-ha (noⁿ-xthóⁿ-ha) - privacy, retirement, secrecy, underhand, to have a private concultation [FL-Osage]; naⁿ-loⁿ-ha (nąlǫ́ǫha) - be sneaky, hide, be sly, secretly scheme against someone, go behind someone’s back, be cunning, hide, conceal, covertly [CQ-Osage]; noⁿ-xlaⁿ (noⁿxláⁿ) - hide something [Kaw]; noⁿ-xlaⁿ-le (noⁿxláⁿle) - hide a perpendicular object by standing it upright inside something [Kaw]

hide something by covering it up

► a-ka-naⁿ-da (ákaną́da) - hide something by covering it up with blowing dust, snow, shoveled dirt, etc. ► a-a-ka-naⁿ-da (áakaną́da) - I, a-da-ka-naⁿ-da (ádakaną́da) - you

► Dhegiha: a-ga-naⁿ-tha (á-ga-naⁿ́-¢a) - to blow dust or snow over an object and conceal it, as wood, footprints, etc.; to hoe the ground, throwing the displaced soil over an object hiding it from view [JOD-Omaha]; a-ga-noⁿ-ya (áganoⁿya) - fill up, knock a cover onto, conceal a hole by hitting the ground with a stick [Kaw]

hide, scrape, as hair from a hide

► ka-x’i (kaxʔí) - scrape, as hair from a hide ► a-x’i (áxʔi) - I, da-x’i (dáxʔi) - you

► cf. a-pa-x’i (ápaxʔi) - cut meat from the bone

hide, skin, shell, bark

► ha (ha) - skin, bark, hide, shell

► ha (hah) - hide, skin (peau) [GI]

► ex: ha kʰe (há kʰe) - the skin, the bark

► ex: hiⁿ ha (hįhá) - fringe, border of a hide

► ex: i-ta ha (ítta há) - egg shell

► ex: iⁿ-tʰaⁿ ha (įtʰą́ha) - owl skin with feathers on

► ex: ke ha (kkéhá) - turtle shell

► ex: ke-ha a-na-xa-da (kehá anaɣáda) - shell shaker, stomp dance shells [MS]

► ex: o-zhi ha (óžiha) - sack, bag, pocket, “skin in which things are put”

► ex: pa-hi ha (ppahíha) - scalp “head skin”

► ex: ta ha (ttahá) - deerskin

► ex: ta ha (tah-hah) - deer hide (peau de chevreuil) [GI]

► ex: ta ha hi-ni-ke (ta ha hǐ nǐ kya) - buckskin leggings, from Louis Angel, “Tallchief” [MH]

► ex: ta ha hoⁿ-pe (ttahá hǫpé) - moccasins made of deerskin

► ex: ta ha o-ki-kdi-xda (ttahá okkíkdixdá) - man’s shirt, coat, tunic; made of buckskin

► ex: ta ha wa-ka-xe (ttahá wakáγe) - to tan deerskin

► ex: to-shnaⁿ-ke ha (tošną́keha) - otter skin

► ex: te ha (ttehá) - buffalo skin, hide

► ex: te ha (ttehá) - buffalo hide, buffalo skin [MS]

► ex: te ha (teh-hah) - buffalo hide (peau de buffle) [GI]

► ex: to-ka ha (ttókka ha) - fox hide

► ex: to-ka ha (tukkah-hah) - fox hide (peau de renard) [GI]

► ex: wa-sa ha (uassah-hah) - bear hide, black bear hide (peau d'ours) [GI]

► ex: wa-shiⁿ ha (wašį́ha) - bacon, “fatskin”

► ex: wa-zhiⁿ-ka ha wažįkáha) - birds’ skins

► ex: zha-we ha (žawéha) - beaver skin

► ex: zha-we ha (jaweh-hah) - beaver hide (peau de beaver) [GI]

► ex: zhaⁿ ha (žąhá), zhoⁿ ha (žǫhá) - bark of tree

► ex: ha kʰe bdo-ka hi o-di-shto-te (há kʰe bdóka hí odíštotte) - he pulled off all the skin [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ ha kʰe ma-shtiⁿ-ke o-ba-haⁿ (kóišǫ́ttą há kʰe maštį́ke obáhą) - then the rabbit put the skin on [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ha (ha) - skin, hide, bark [Omaha/Ponca]; ha (ha) - leather, skin, shell [Omaha]; ha (ha) - skin of any animal, the bark of a tree, shell of nuts, cuticle [FL-Osage]; ha (háa) - hide, skin of an animal, rind, fabric, cloth, surface [CQ-Osage]; ha (ha) - hide, skin [Kaw]

hide, tan a hide

► wa-ka-xe (wakáγe) - tan a hide ► wa-pa-xe (wappáγe) - I, wa-shka-xe (waškáγe) - you, oⁿ-wa-ka-xa-we (ǫwákaγawe) - we

► cf. ta ha wa-ka-xe (ttahá wakáγe) - to tan deerskin; ka-xe (káγe) - make, do, cause

hides, scraper or flesher for hides

► we-ba-k’o (wébakʔo) - scraper or flesher for hides

► cf. we-ka-k’o (wékakʔo) - flesher for hides

► we-ka-k’o (wékakʔo) - flesher for hides

► cf. wa-ka-k’o (wakákʔo) - paw the ground, as dog or horse; we-ba-k’o (wébakʔo) - scraper or flesher for hides

► Dhegiha: we-ga-‘u (wéga’u) - scraper, scarper used in fleshing hides [Omaha/Ponca]; we-ga-ʰk’u (wé-ga-ḳ’u) - skin scraper [FL-Osage]; we-ga-k’o (wégak’o) - scraper, flesher for hides [Kaw]

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