D
dogwood
►
maⁿ-sa (mą́sa) - dogwood, Cornus
►
cf. maⁿ (mą) - arrow; maⁿ-sa hi (mą́sa hí)
- dogwood bush or tree, Cornus
►
Dhegiha: moⁿ-sa hi (móⁿ-ça hi) - arrowwood, the Osage
made their arrows out of a wood the call moⁿ-sa hi (móⁿ-ça hi)
- arrow wood (Cornus asperifolia), when this wood is not obtainable
they use ash [FL-Osage]; moⁿ-sa hu (mǫ́ǫsa hu) -
dogwood [CQ-Osage]; maⁿ-sa hu (máⁿsa hu) - dogwood,
the arrow shaft bush [Kaw]
►
maⁿ-sa hi (mą́sa hí) - dogwood bush or tree, Cornus
►
cf. maⁿ (mą) - arrow; maⁿ-sa (mą́sa) -
dogwood, Cornus; hi (hi) - tree, bush, vine, stalk,
leg
►
Dhegiha: moⁿ-sa hi (móⁿ-ça hi) - arrowwood, the Osage
made their arrows out of a wood the call moⁿ-sa hi (móⁿ-ça hi)
- arrow wood (Cornus asperifolia), when this wood is not obtainable
they use ash [FL-Osage]; moⁿ-sa hu (mǫ́ǫsa hu) -
dogwood [CQ-Osage]; maⁿ-sa hu (máⁿsa hu) - dogwood,
the arrow shaft bush [Kaw]
►
maⁿ-sa zhi-te (mása žítte) - dogwood, bark used for
kinnikinnick
►
cf. maⁿ (mą) - arrow; maⁿ-sa (mą́sa) -
dogwood, Cornus; maⁿ-sa hi (mą́sa hí) - dogwood bush
or tree, Cornus; zhi-te (žítte) - red
►
Dhegiha: moⁿ-sa hi (móⁿ-ça hi) - arrowwood, the Osage
made their arrows out of a wood the call moⁿ-sa hi (móⁿ-ça hi)
- arrow wood (Cornus asperifolia), when this wood is not obtainable
they use ash [FL-Osage]; moⁿ-sa hu (mǫ́ǫsa hu) -
dogwood [CQ-Osage]; maⁿ-sa hu (máⁿsa hu) - dogwood,
the arrow shaft bush [Kaw]
doll
►
shi-ka (šíka) - doll, (JOD illegible)
dollar
►
ma-ze-ska miⁿ-xti (mázeska mį́xti) - dollar, one
dollar [MS, OM]
►
cf. ma-ze-ska (mazéska) - silver, money, a dollar;
miⁿ-xti (mį́xti) - one
►
Dhegiha: wiⁿ-a-xchi (wiⁿáqchi) - exactly one; just one
[Omaha/Ponca]; wiⁿ-xtsi (wíⁿ-xtsi) - one of a kind, a
single piece [FL-Osage]; wi-xtsi (wį́xci) - one, a, an
[CQ-Osage]; miⁿ-xtsi (míⁿxci) - one, just one [Kaw]
►
ma-ze-ska (mazéska) - silver, money, a dollar
►
cf. ma-ze (máze) - iron; ska (ska) -
white
►
ex: mi-aⁿ-ba mi-xti-naⁿ ma-ze-ska kde-bnaⁿ taⁿ naⁿ-pa a-kniⁿ
aⁿ-naⁿ-ki-da (mią́ba míxtiną mazéska kdébnąttą́ nąpá aknį́ ąną́kidá)
- he paid me twelve dollars a month
►
Dhegiha: moⁿ-ze ska (moⁿçeçka) - money, silver,
currency [Omaha]; maⁿ-ze ska(mą́zeska) - money, coin,
silver, literally white metal [CQ-Osage]; moⁿ-ze ska
(móⁿ-çe-çka) - white metal, money [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-ze
ska (máⁿzeska) - money, esp. silver money [Kaw]
►
de-ska-de to-wa (déskade towá) - half dollar, four
bits
►
cf. de-ska-de (déskade) - bit, 12 and a half cents,
Muskogean skali 'money', French escalin 'shilling'; to-wa
(tówa) - four; de-ska-de miⁿ-xti (déskade mį́xti)
- dime, ten cents; de-ska-de naⁿ-pa (déskade
nąpá), de-ska-de noⁿ-ba (déskade nǫbá) -
twenty-five cents, quarter, two bits;
de-ska-de noⁿ-ba (déskade nǫbá) - quarter, twenty-five
cents; de-ska-de sha-pe (déskade šappé) - seventy-five
cents
►
Dhegiha: du-ba (dúba) - four [Omaha/Ponca];
do-ba (dó-ba) - four [FL-Osage]; to-pa (tóopa)
- four [CQ-Osage]; to-ba (tóba) - four [Kaw]
domestic cat
►
iⁿ-taⁿ-daⁿ kde-zhe (įttą́dą kdéže) - cat, domestic cat
"spotted"
►
iⁿ-taⁿ kde-zhe (įttą́ kdéže) - cat, speckled cat [MS,
AG]
►
taⁿ-ke kde-she (DąGeGaDé˙še) - cat, domestic [FS]
►
cf. iⁿ-taⁿ-daⁿ (įttą́dą), taⁿ-daⁿ (ttądą́)
- panther, puma, mountain lion, similar terms are widespread in
North America, Quapaw may
represent a borrowing from
Biloxi or Ofo; kde-zhe (kdežé) - spotted;
iⁿ-taⁿ-daⁿ kde-zhe zhi-ka (įttą́dą kdéže žíka) - kitten;
iⁿ-ta-naⁿ kde-zhe (įttanąkdéze) - bobcat;
iⁿ-taⁿ kde-zhe (įttą́ kdéže) - cat, speckled cat [MS, AG];
taⁿ-daⁿ kde-zhe ma-zhaⁿ-a-ti (ttądą́ kdéže mažą́atti)
- bobcat, spotted cat; iⁿ-ta-naⁿ taⁿ-ka (įttáną ttą́ka)
- mountain lion, panther, cougar, puma [MS]; taⁿ-daⁿ taⁿ-ka
(ttą́dą ttą́ka) - mountain lion, puma; taⁿ-naⁿ taⁿ-ka
(tonon-tunkah) - tiger or panther (tigre ou panthère) [GI]
►
Dhegiha: gthe-zhe (gthezhé) - spotted, having spots in
one place [Omaha/Ponca]; gthe-zhe (gthezhe) - speckled
[Omaha]; gthe-zhe (gthe-zhé) - spotted [FL-Osage];
le-zhe (léže) - spotted, speckled, stippled [CQ-Osage];
le-zhe (lezhé) - spotted [Kaw]
domestic cow, domestic cattle
►
te-ska (tteská) - cow, domestic cattle, “bison +
white”
►
te ska (tteská) - cow [MS, AG, MR, OM]
►
cf. te (tte) - buffalo; ska (ska) -
white
►
ex: te-ska a-shi-oⁿ-he tʰaⁿ a-niⁿ-ki (ttéska ášiǫhé tʰą
anį́kí) - bring the ox standing outside (the fence) here
►
Dhegiha: te-ska (téska) - cow, ox, cattle
[Omaha/Ponca];
ʰtse-ska
(ṭsé-çka) - domesticated cattle [FL-Osage]; ʰtse-ska (ʰcéeska)
- beef, head of cattle, cow, not necessarily female [CQ-Osage];
tse-ska (ceská) - domestic cow, ox [Kaw]
domestic sheep
►
ta wa-ta-kde (tta wáttakde) - sheep, lit., “domestic
deer”
►
ta wa-ta-kde (tahwantagheteh) - sheep (mouton) [GI]
►
cf. ta (tta) - deer; wa-ta-kde (watákde)
- domesticated animal or bird; di-ta wa-ta-kde
(dittah-uantagheteh) - pigeon (pigeon) [GI]
►
Dhegiha: wa-na-gthe (wanágthe) - pet, domesticated,
tame [Omaha/Ponca]; wa-da-gthe (wa-dá-gthe) - a
domesticated animal [FL-Osage]
domestic, domesticated
►
wa-ta-kde (watákde) - domesticated animal or bird
►
cf. ta wa-ta-kde (tta wáttakde) - sheep, lit.
"domestic deer"; di-ta wa-ta-kde (dittah-uantagheteh)
- pigeon (pigeon) [GI]
►
Dhegiha: wa-na-gthe (wanágthe) - pet, domesticated,
tame [Omaha/Ponca]; wa-da-gthe (wa-dá-gthe) - a
domesticated animal [FL-Osage]
►
wa-kda (wakdá) - tame
►
aⁿ-wa-kda (ąwákda) - I, di-wa-kda (diwákda)
- you
►
cf. wa-kda ka-xe (wakdá káγe) - tame an animal
►
wa-kda ka-xe (wakdá káγe) - tame an animal
►
cf. wa-kda (wakdá) - tame; ka-xe (káγe)
- make, do, cause
don’t do that
►
ka-she-naⁿ na-ha (kašéną nahá) - don't do that!,
that’s enough! [AB]
►
cf. she-na (šéną) - enough; na-ha (nahá)
- prohibitive, beware lest ….
►
Dhegiha: ka-she-naⁿ (kaašéną) - be ended, finished,
that's all, something is finished, closing of a prayer, amen
[CQ-Osage]; ga-she-hnaⁿ (gashéhnaⁿ) - that's all, just
this much, that is enough [Kaw]
done
►
di-shtaⁿ (dištą́) - finish, complete
►
bdi-shtaⁿ (bdíštą) - I, ti-shtaⁿ (ttíštą)
- you
►
cf. a-da-shtaⁿ (ádaštą) - stop activity with the
mouth, talking, drinking, eating, etc.; a-di-shtaⁿ (ádištą)
- stop work (for the day), cease an activity
►
ex: bdi-shtaⁿ (bdíštą) - that's all (I'm done, I'm
finished) [MS]
►
Dhegiha: thi-shtoⁿ (thishtoⁿ) - finish, complete,
release, past [Omaha]; thi-shtoⁿ (thi-shtóⁿ) - to
stop, to finish [FL-Osage]; thi-shtaⁿ (ðiištą́) -
finish, stop, already did something, be just finished doing
something, be finished, be through [CQ-Osage]; yu-shtaⁿ
(yushtáⁿ) - stop, be finished, let go [Kaw]
►
e-ki-oⁿ (ékiǫ), e-ki-‘oⁿ (ékiʔǫ) - do as
someone has said or done
►
e-ki-moⁿ (ékimǫ) - I, e-ki-zhoⁿ (ékižǫ)
- you
►
cf. ‘oⁿ (ʔǫ) - do; pi-‘oⁿ (ppiʔǫ́) - do
well, expresses precocity; e-kaⁿ-zhi wa-‘oⁿ (eką́ži waʔǫ́)
- to do wrong, injure, sin
►
Dhegiha: e-gi-oⁿ (é-gí-oⁿ) - to do so [FL-Osage];
e-ki-oⁿ (ékiǫ) - do something, proceed or go ahead with
something, can, be able to [CQ-Osage]; e-gi-‘oⁿ (égi’oⁿ)
- do so, do that to another, do something [Kaw]
►
ka-xe-ye (káγeye) - to have made, to have done, to
have caused
► pa-xe-ye (ppáγeye)
- I, shka-xe-ye (škáγeye) - you
►
cf. ka-xe (káγe) - make, do, cause; ye (-ye),
e (-e) - past suffix, perfective aspect; ye
(-ye) - past, incl. all motion verbs
done, boiled until done
►
wa-ti-te (watítte) - mush, “boiled until done”
►
cf. ti-te (títte) - ripe, cooked; ti-te-de
(títtede) - cook something
►
Dhegiha: wa-niⁿ-de (waníⁿde) - mush [Omaha/Ponca];
wa-dsu-dse (wa-dsú-dse) - corn gruel [FL-Osage];
wa-ju-je (wajúje) - mush, corn mush [Kaw]
donkey
►
naⁿ-ta taⁿ-ka (nąttá ttą́ka) - donkey [MS]
►
naⁿ-ta taⁿ-ka (nąttá ttą́ka) - mule, lit. “big ears”
►
naⁿ-ta taⁿ-ka (nottah-tunkah) - mule (mulet) [GI]
►
cf. naⁿ-ta (nąttá) - ear, the external ear;
taⁿ-ka (ttą́ka) - big, large
►
Dhegiha: ni-ta toⁿ-ga (nita toⁿga) - mule [Omaha];
ni-ta toⁿ-ga nu-ga (nita toⁿga nuga) - jackass [Omaha];
ni-ta toⁿ-ga nu-shi-a-ha (nita toⁿga nushiaha) -
donkey [Omaha]; noⁿ-ʰta ʰtoⁿ-ga (noⁿ-ṭá ṭoⁿ-ga) - a
mule [FL-Osage]; naⁿ-ʰtaⁿ ʰtaⁿ (nąąʰtą́ ʰtąą) - mule,
jack mule, donkey, burro, ass, literally big ears [CQ-Osage];
naⁿ-ta taⁿ-ga (naⁿtá tàⁿga) - mule [Kaw]
door
►
ti-zhe (ttíže), (ttižé) - door, entrance to a lodge
►
ti-zhe (ttižé) - door [MS]
►
ti-zhe (tigeh) - door (porte) [GI]
►
ex: ti-zhe a-ka-spe zhi-ka i-tʰe-de (ttižé ákaspe žíka itʰéde)
- to shut the door a little
►
ex: ti-zhe a-ka-spe zhi-ka i-tʰe-da (ttižé ákaspe jíka itʰedá)
- shut the door a little!
►
Dhegiha: ti-zhe-be (tizhébe) - door, doorway, entrance
to a tent, lodge, or house [Omaha/Ponca]; ʰtsi-zhe (ṭsí-zhe),
ʰtsi-zhe-be (ṭsí-zhe-be) - the door of a house or tipi
[FL-Osage]; ʰtsi-zhe (ʰcižé) - door [CQ-Osage];
ʰtsi-zhe-pe (ʰcižépe) - doorway, threshold, formal, used
especially for God's doorway at funerals [CQ-Osage];
tsi-zhe-be (cizhébe) - door, doorway [Kaw]
►
ti-zhe ba-si (ttíže basí) - door frame
cf. ti-zhe (ttíže), (ttižé) - door, entrance to a
lodge
►
ti-zhe i-da-kdaⁿ (ttíže idákdą) - door flap
cf. ti-zhe (ttíže), (ttižé) - door, entrance to a
lodge
►
ti-zhe i-si-ze knaⁿ (ttižé isíze kną) - lock, lit.
“holds door firm”
►
cf. ti-zhe (ttíže), (ttižé) - door, entrance to a
lodge; si-ze (síze) - hard, difficult, to be firm;
knaⁿ (kną) - set, put si/in
door knob
►
o-naⁿ-taⁿ di-shi-we (oną́ttą díšiwe) - door knob
►
cf. di-shi-we (dišíwe) - open up, open
►
Dhegiha: thi-shi-be (thishibe) - open, unlock, uncap,
unhitch [Omaha]; thi-shi-be (thi-shí-be) - to open
anything that has a lid or a door [FL-Osage]; thi-shu-be
(thi-shú-be) - to open or unfasten a door [FL-Osage];
thi-shu-pe (ðiišúpe) - open, unlock and open [CQ-Osage];
yu-shu-be (yushúbe), yu-shu-we (yushúwe) -
open, as a door or a sacred bundle, unlock [Kaw]
door, close as sliding doors
►
a-ki-pa-t’o ka-xe (ákkippatʔo káγe) - close, as
sliding doors
►
cf. a-ki-pa-t’o i-he-de (ákkippatʔo ihéde) - close
off, stop up, clog, as in a traffic jam; a-ki-pa (ákkippa)
- meet a person or animal; a-ki-pai-naⁿ (ákkippainą́)
- collide, run into, to butt; a-ki-pa-xta-na (ákkippáxtana)
- roll up, turn over; a-ki-pa-tʰe (ákkipatʰé) - sew
two things together, sew across
►
Dhegiha: a-ʰki-pa-ʰts’u (á-ḳi-pa-ṭs’u) - the blocking
of a narrow passage by men or animals [FL-Osage]
door, open lift off as a door or plank
►
di-ki-kda (dikkíkda) - open, lift off as a door/plank
►
bdi-ki-kda (bdíkkikda) - I, ti-ki-kda
(ttíkkikda) - you
doorway of a house
►
ti o-ba-he (tti óbahe) - doorway of a house
►
cf. ti (tti) - house, tent, dwelling
►
Dhegiha: ti (ti) - house, lodge, tent, tipi, dwelling
[Omaha/Ponca]; ʰtsi (ṭsi) - house, dwelling, hovel
[FL-Osage]; ʰtsi (ʰcí) - house, nest, camp, make camp
[CQ-Osage]; tsi (ci) - tent, lodge, house [Kaw]
double
►
hi naⁿ-pa a-ki-kde (hí nąpá ákkikdé) - double,
twofold; hi (hi) + numeral + a-ki-kde (ákkikde)
= times, fold
►
cf. naⁿ-pa (ną́pa), noⁿ-pa (nǫ́pa),
noⁿ-ba (nǫ́ba) - two [MS, MR, FR, AB, AG, OM]; ki-kde
(kikdé) - join together; i-ha ki-kde (íha kikdé)
- kiss [MS]
dove
►
di-ta (dítta) - dove
►
cf. di-ta pa-ta-ho (dittá ppattáho) - turtle dove
[MS]; di-ta wa-ta-kde (dittá wattákde) - pigeon
►
Dhegiha: thi-tʰa (thítʰa) - pigeon, dove
[Omaha/Ponca]; thi-ʰta (thi-ṭa) - pigeon [FL-Osage];
thiu-ʰta (thiú-ṭa) - mourning dove [FL-Osage];
yu-ta (yúta) - pigeon, dove [Kaw]
dove, turtle dove
►
di-ta pa-ta-ho (dittá ppattáho) - turtle dove, “bluish
green head dove” [MS]
►
di-ta pa-ta-ho (dittá ppattáho) - dove, species lives
in the forest
►
cf. di-ta (dítta) - dove; pa (ppa) -
head; to-ho (ttóho) - blue, green, grue; di-ta
wa-ta-kde (dittá wattákde) - pigeon
►
Dhegiha: mi-xa pa-ʰto-ho (mí-xa-pa-ṭo-ho) - mallard
duck [FL-Osage]; miⁿ-gha pa to-ho (míⁿgha pa tóho) -
mallard [Kaw]
down into
►
maⁿ-tʰa-ha (mątʰáha) - into, down into (as water)
►
cf. maⁿ-tʰe (mą́tʰe) - inside, in, within, under;
ni maⁿ-tʰe (ní mątʰé) - under the water;
ni-xi-te maⁿ-tʰe tiⁿiⁿ (niγítte mą́tʰe ttį́į́) - ringing in
the ear [MS]; maⁿ-tʰe da-tʰi hne (mą́tʰe datʰí hné) -
come back inside [MS]; maⁿ-tʰe wa-tʰe (mą́tʰe watʰé) -
slip, undergarment [OM]
►
Dhegiha: moⁿ-tse-ʰta-ha (moⁿ-tsé-ṭa-ha) - inward,
toward the center [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-tsʰe-ʰta-ha (mącʰéʰtaha)
- inward, toward the center [CQ-Osage]; maⁿ-che-ha
(maⁿchéha) - under, motion into or inward [Kaw]
down of a bird
►
hiⁿ (hį) - hair of the body, down of bird
►
cf. i-be-hiⁿ (íbehį) - tail feathers; wa-zhiⁿ-ka
hiⁿ (wažįkáhį) - bird feathers; ta hiⁿ (ttahį́)
- deer's hair; da-ka hiⁿ (dakáhį) - whiskers,
sideburns; di-ba hiⁿ (dibáhį) - beard; i-shta
i-di-hiⁿ (ištá idihį́) - eyelash; (íhahį́) - mustache;
ta-ta hiⁿ (ttattéhį) - hair on the sides of the head,
hair on the temples
►
Dhegiha: hiⁿ (hiⁿ) - hair on body, fur [Omaha];
hiⁿ (hiⁿ) - hair or fur, hair of the human body, also the
hair of an animal [FL-Osage]; hiⁿ (hí̜į)
- hair, whiskers, fur, fuzz as on a peach, slivers or small strips
of anything [CQ-Osage]; hiⁿ (hiⁿ) - fur, body hair,
feathers [Kaw]
down on bottom, bottom land near a river
►
o-zo ti-o-hi (ozó ttióhi) - bottom land near a river,
down on bottom, same as o-zo-ti-o-we (ozóttiowé), name
of a Quapaw town in Arkansas
►
cf. o-zaⁿ-te (ozątté) - broad, as a field, a low level
►
Dhegiha: o-zu (o-çú) - a lowland forest [FL-Osage];
o-zo (ozó) - lowland, low wooded level [CQ-Osage];
o-zo (ozó) - wooded area, bottom land with timber,
o-zo-liⁿ (ozóliⁿ) - village in the bottom land with timber
(the name of the village) [Kaw]
►
o-zo-ti-o-we (ozó ttiowé) - bottom land with trees,
name of one of the original Quapaw towns
►
cf. o-zaⁿ-te (ozątté) - broad, as a field, a low level
►
Dhegiha: o-zu (o-çú) - a lowland forest [FL-Osage];
o-zo (ozó) - lowland, low wooded level [CQ-Osage];
o-zo (ozó) - wooded area, bottom land with timber,
o-zo-liⁿ (ozóliⁿ) - village in the bottom land with timber
(the name of the village) [Kaw]
down, be lying down
►
zhoⁿ i-he (žǫ́ ihé) - be lying down
►
a-zhoⁿ i-he (ažǫ́ ihé) - I, da-zhoⁿ i-he (dažǫ́
ihé) - you, oⁿ-zhoⁿ i-ha-we (ǫžǫ́ ihawe) - we
►
cf. zhaⁿ (žą), zhoⁿ (žǫ) - lie, recline;
i-he (íhe) - horizontal, in a lying position
►
Dhegiha: zhoⁿ (zhoⁿ) - recline, lie, lie down, to
sleep [Omaha/Ponca]; zhoⁿ (zhoⁿ) - day, night, sleep,
day, night, 24-hour period, “a sleep” [Omaha/Ponca]; zhoⁿ
(zhoⁿ) - to sleep [FL-Osage]; zhaⁿ (žą́ą) -
sleep, go to sleep, lie down to sleep, go to bed, sleep over, stay
all night, sleep, night's rest, overnight stay [CQ-Osage];
zhaⁿ (zhaⁿ) - lie down, sleep, recline [Kaw]; zhaⁿ
(zhaⁿ) - day, a sleep [Kaw]
down, bear down washing, scrub
►
bi-sh’e (bišʔé) - scrub, bear down washing
►
pi-sh’e (ppíšʔe) - I, shpi-sh’e (špíšʔe)
- you
►
cf. di-sh’e (dišʔé) - wring dry
down, bend down
►
wa-kda-zhi (wákdaží) - bend down, stoop, bow the head
►
aⁿ-wa-kda-zhi (ąwákdaží) - I, di-wa-kda-zhi
(diwákdaží) - you
►
ba-x’i (baxʔí) - stooped, stooped over
►
ba-x’i (baxʔí) - stooped over [MS]
►
Dhegiha: ba-s’iⁿ (bas’íⁿ) - upside-down, head over
heels [Omaha/Ponca]; ba-ts’iⁿ (ba-ts’iⁿ´) - head down
and feet up, headlong, head foremost [FL-Osage]; pa-ts’iⁿ
(paacʔį́) - stoop over, as to touch one's toes, bend down,
be crooked [CQ-Osage]; ba-ts’iⁿ (bats’íⁿ) - stoop
over, headlong, head first [Kaw]
down, bend down, pull down
►
di-be-x’iⁿ (díbexʔį́) - bend down, pull down
►
bdi-be-x’iⁿ (bdíbexʔį) - I, ti-be-x’iⁿ
(ttíbexʔį) - you
►
cf. a-di-be-xiⁿ (ádibexį́) - fold down;
hoⁿ-biⁿ-ta-a-ha a-di-be-xiⁿ (hǫbį́tteáha ádibexį́) - turn
down the flaps of moccasins
down, burn down, topple by burning
►
ta-xa-da (táxadá) - topple by burning, burn down
►
cf. bi-xa-da (bixáda) - cause to fall of own weight;
di-xa-da (dixáda) - pull over, topple, flip;
naⁿ-xa-da (nąxadá) - kick over, topple with the foot;
po-xa-da (póxada) - knock over punching, topple;
ta-xa-da-de (táxadadé) - topple by burning away base
down, cut down, knock down
►
ka-xa-da (kaxáda) - fell, cut down, knock down
►
a-xa-da (áxada) - I, da-xa-da (dáxada) -
you
►
cf. bi-xa-da (bixáda) - cause to fall of own weight;
di-xa-da (dixáda) - pull over, topple, flip;
naⁿ-xa-da (nąxadá) - kick over, topple with the foot;
po-xa-da (póxada) - knock over punching, topple;
ta-xa-da (táxadá) - topple by burning, burn down
down, feel like laying down
►
a-zhoⁿ ti-aⁿ (ažǫ́ tią́) - I want to lay down (I feel
like lying down) [MS]
►
cf. zhaⁿ (žą), zhoⁿ (žǫ) - lie, recline;
ti-aⁿ (tią́) - to feel like, somewhat; he-shiⁿ
ti-aⁿ (héšį tią́) - feel a sneeze coming on; a-ki-zhi
ti-aⁿ (ákkiži tią́) - feel like farting
►
ex: a-zhoⁿ ti-aⁿ (ažǫ́ tią́) - I'm going to bed (I
feel like lying down) [OM]
►
ex: da-zhoⁿ ti-aⁿ (dažǫ́ tią́) - sleepy (you feel like
laying down) [MS]
►
Dhegiha: zhoⁿ (zhoⁿ) - recline, lie, lie down, to
sleep [Omaha/Ponca]; zhoⁿ (zhoⁿ) - day, night, sleep,
day, night, 24-hour period, “a sleep” [Omaha/Ponca]; zhoⁿ
(zhoⁿ) - to sleep [FL-Osage]; zhaⁿ (žą́ą) -
sleep, go to sleep, lie down to sleep, go to bed, sleep over, stay
all night, sleep, night's rest, overnight stay [CQ-Osage];
zhaⁿ (zhaⁿ) - lie down, sleep, recline [Kaw]; zhaⁿ
(zhaⁿ) - day, a sleep [Kaw]
down, fold down
►
a-di-be-xiⁿ (ádibexį́) - fold down
►
cf. hoⁿ-biⁿ-ta-a-ha a-di-be-xiⁿ (hǫbį́tteáha ádibexį́)
- turn down the flaps of moccasins; di-be-x’iⁿ (díbexʔį́)
- bend down, pull down
down, hang down evenly over an object
►
a-ka-bniⁿ (ákabnį) - cover, hang down evenly over an
object
►
cf. ti-ho-kaⁿ a-ka-bniⁿ (ttíhokką ákabnį) - to close
the triangular ends of the tent skins forming the smoke-hole;
ti-ho-kaⁿ i-da-ka-bniⁿ (ttíhokką idákabnį) - smoke hole
flaps
►
Dhegiha: a-ga-bliⁿ (ágabliⁿ) - fasten to cover on
something [Kaw]
down, hold down
►
a-bi-saⁿ-te (ábisątte) - catch by pressing on; hold
down, e.g., on his back; lie on something
►
a-pi-saⁿ-te (áppisątte) - I, a-shpi-saⁿ-te
(ášpisątte) - you, oⁿ-ka-pi-saⁿ-ta-we (ǫkápisąttawe)
- we
►
cf. o-bi-saⁿ-te (obísątte) - pull something between
two objects; a-bisaⁿ-te zhaⁿ (ábisątte žą́) - roll
over on something; throw oneself down on; a-bi-saⁿ-te-zhi
(ábisąttéži) - press down on, weight, hold down
►
ex: maⁿ-da a-bi-saⁿ-te naⁿ i-ya (mą́da ábisątte ną iyá)
- he held him down on his back, it is said
►
ex: ka-ki-kda-ti-zhe aⁿ-bi-saⁿ-te (kakkíkdattiže ą́bisątté)
- he tumbled over and lay on me
►
ex: wa-bi-saⁿ-ta-we (wábisąttawe) - he or they lay on
us
►
ex: wa-tʰe a-bi-saⁿ-te koi-tʰe di-ha-knaⁿ da (watʰé ábisątte
kóitʰe dihákną dá) - go iron your dress! [AG]
►
Dhegiha: a-ba-soⁿ-de (ábasoⁿde) - to push with the
hand against something which is on something else [Omaha/Ponca];
a-bi-soⁿ-dse (á-bi-çoⁿ-dse) - to press to the ground
[FL-Osage]; a-pi-saⁿ (ápisą) - hold down a lid or a
person, mash, push down on, shut, close, one’s eyes [CQ-Osage];
a-bi-saⁿ-je (ábisaⁿje), a-bu-saⁿ-je (ábusaⁿje)
- press down on, wrestle [Kaw]
►
a-bi-saⁿ-te-zhi (ábisąttéži) - press down on, weight,
hold down
► a-bi-saⁿ-te a-zhi
(ábisątte aži) - I, a-bi-saⁿ-te da-zhi (ábisątte daži)
- you, a-bi-saⁿ-te oⁿ-zhi-we (ábisątte ǫžíwe)
- we
►
cf. a-bi-saⁿ-te (ábisątte) - catch by pressing on;
hold down, e.g., on his back; lie on something; a-zhi (áži)
- put small scattered, inanimate objects onto something;
o-bi-saⁿ-te (obísątte) - pull something between two objects;
a-bisaⁿ-te zhaⁿ (ábisątte žą́) - roll over on
something; throw oneself down on
►
Dhegiha: a-ba-soⁿ-de (ábasoⁿde) - to push with the
hand against something which is on something else [Omaha/Ponca];
a-bi-soⁿ-dse (á-bi-çoⁿ-dse) - to press to the ground
[FL-Osage]; a-pi-saⁿ (ápisą) - hold down a lid or a
person, mash, push down on, shut, close, one’s eyes [CQ-Osage];
a-bi-saⁿ-je (ábisaⁿje), a-bu-saⁿ-je (ábusaⁿje)
- press down on, wrestle [Kaw]
►
a-ka-spe i-he-de (ákaspe ihéde) - put a horizontal
object on another to hold it down, e.g., a paper-weight
►
a-ka-spi-he-a-de (ákaspihéade) - I,
a-ka-spi-he-da-de (ákaspihédade) - you
►
cf. a-ka-spe (ákaspe) - close, shut; cave in;
i-he-de (ihéde) - put a horizontal object; a-ka-spa
(ákaspá) - shut it!; a-ka-spi-naⁿ-de (ákaspiną́de)
- put a squat, curvilinear object on another to hold it down, e.g.,
a stone; maⁿ-zi a-ka-spe (mą́azi ákaspe) - to cave in
on, as a bank does; ti-ze a-ka-spe zhi-ka i-tʰe-de (ttižé
ákaspe žíka itʰéde) - to shut the door a little
►
Dhegiha: a-ga-spe (á-ga-çpe) - to cover up an object,
the falling of something heavy on a person or a thing [FL-Osage];
a-ka-spe (akáaspe) - shade, blind, covering [CQ-Osage];
a-ka-spe (ákaaspe) - put over, put upon, cover as with
cloth or blanket, cover with dirt as a grave, cover over, cover up
[CQ-Osage]; a-ga-spe (ágaspe) - cover completely,
concealing every part [Kaw]
►
a-ka-spi-naⁿ-de (ákaspiną́de) - put a squat,
curvilinear object on another to hold it down, e.g., a stone
►
a-ka-spi-aⁿ-a-de (ákaspiną́ade) - I,
a-ka-spi-naⁿ-da-de (ákaspiną́dade) - you
►
cf. a-ka-spe (ákaspe) - close, shut; cave in;
i-naⁿ-de (iną́de) - put sg/si/in or cloth/paper;
a-ka-spa (ákaspá) - shut it!; a-ka-spe i-he-de (ákaspe
ihéde) - put a horizontal object on another to hold it down,
e.g., a paper-weight; maⁿ-zi a-ka-spe (mą́azi ákaspe)
- to cave in on, as a bank does; ti-ze a-ka-spe zhi-ka
i-tʰe-de (ttižé ákaspe žíka itʰéde) - to shut the door a
little
►
Dhegiha: a-ga-spe (á-ga-çpe) - to cover up an object,
the falling of something heavy on a person or a thing [FL-Osage];
a-ka-spe (akáaspe) - shade, blind, covering [CQ-Osage];
a-ka-spe (ákaaspe) - put over, put upon, cover as with
cloth or blanket, cover with dirt as a grave, cover over, cover up
[CQ-Osage]; a-ga-spe (ágaspe) - cover completely,
concealing every part [Kaw]
down, kick something down
►
o-naⁿ-xpa-de (oną́xpade) - kick something down
►
o-a-naⁿ-xpa-de (oánąxpade) - I, o-da-naⁿ-xpa-de
(odánąxpade) - you
►
cf. naⁿ (naⁿ) - by action of the foot; o-xpa-de
(oxpáde) - fall from a height; ni o-xpa-de (ní oxpáde)
- waterfall; mi-ka-x’e o-xpa-de (mikkáxʔe oxpáde) -
meteor, shooting star, “falling”; o-ba-xpa-de (obáxpade)
- push off and cause to fall; o-bi-xpa-de (obíxpade) -
fall, cause by pressure/weight; o-di-xpa-de (odíxpade)
- pull off and cause to fall; o-ka-xpa-de (okáxpade) -
knock off, cause to fall off; o-ka-xpa (okáxpa) -
Quapaw; o-po-xpa-de (opóxpade) - shoot down;
o-ki-xpa-de (okíxpade) - lose something
►
Dhegiha: u-xpa-the (uxpathe) - fell, fall [Omaha];
u-xpa-the (u-xpá-the) - to fall, thrown (from a horse),
to become lost [FL-Osage]; o-ka-xpa (okáxpa) - Quapaw
Indians, throw off (suddenly severing or moving something or someone
from something) [CQ-Osage]; o-xpa-ye (oxpáye) - fall
from a height, fall off, get lost, become lost [Kaw]
down, lay down a object
►
a-i-he-de (áihedé) - lay down a sg/ly/in object
►
a-i-ha-de (áiháde) - I, a-i-he-da-de (áihedáde)
- you, oⁿ-ka-hi-oⁿ-de (ǫ́kahiǫdé) - we dual, I and one
other, oⁿ-ka-hi-oⁿ-da-we (ǫ́kahíǫdawé) - we
►
cf. i-he (íhe) - horizontal, in a lying position;
i-he-de (ihéde) - put a horizontal object; a-ka-spe
i-he-de (ákaspe ihéde) - put a horizontal object on another
to hold it down, e.g., a paper-weight; a-ki-ki-kde i-he-de
(ákkikkíkde ihéde) - put two long inanimate objects, e.g.,
books, planks, so their ends touch; a-toⁿ-wi-he-de
(áttǫwihéde) - put horizontal object down carefully;
gaⁿ i-he-de (gą ihéde) - prone
►
Dhegiha: i-he-the (í-hé-the) - to lay down a long
object, to put a thing down [FL-Osage]; i-he-ye (ihéye)
- put down a singular, lying, inanimate object [Kaw]
down, lay something down, to lay out
►
k’aⁿ-he (kʔą́he) - lay something down, to lay out
►
cf. a-k’oⁿ-he (ákʔǫhe), a-k’aⁿ-he (ákʔąhe)
- put a horizontal inanimate object on a surface; o-k’oⁿ-he
(okʔǫ́he) - put a long object in something;
a-ki-k’oⁿ-he (ákkikʔǫ́he itʰéde) - put horizontal (lying)
things in a pile, here the first verb denotes the horizontality of
the objects and the second the perpendicularity of the pile
►
Dhegiha: k’oⁿ-he (kʔǫ́he) - lay into [CQ-Osage];
k’o-he (k’óhe) - lay down an inanimate object [Kaw]
down, lie down to sleep
►
zhoⁿ-ki-de (žǫ́kkidé) - lie down to sleep
►
zhoⁿ-a-ki-de (žǫ́akkidé) - I, zhoⁿ-da-ki-de
(žǫ́dakkidé) - you
►
cf. zhaⁿ (žą), zhoⁿ (žǫ) - lie, recline;
ki-de (kkíde), ki-de (kíde) - cause
oneself; zhaⁿ i-de (žą́ idé) - sleep; zhoⁿ i-he
(žǫ́ ihé) - be lying down; zhaⁿ iⁿ-ke (žą́ įké)
- reclining
►
ex: zhoⁿ-ki-de ta miⁿ-kʰe (žǫ́kkidé tta mįkʰé) - I
want to lay down (I am going to lie down to sleep) [MS]
►
ex: aⁿ-zhoⁿ-ki-de aⁿ-ki-wi-taⁿ (ąžǫ́kkidé ąkiwittą́) -
let's go to bed [MS]
►
Dhegiha: zhoⁿ (zhoⁿ) - recline, lie, lie down, to
sleep [Omaha/Ponca]; zhoⁿ (zhoⁿ) - day, night, sleep,
day, night, 24-hour period, “a sleep” [Omaha/Ponca]; zhoⁿ
(zhoⁿ) - to sleep [FL-Osage]; zhaⁿ (žą́ą) -
sleep, go to sleep, lie down to sleep, go to bed, sleep over, stay
all night, sleep, night's rest, overnight stay [CQ-Osage];
zhaⁿ (zhaⁿ) - lie down, sleep, recline [Kaw]; zhaⁿ
(zhaⁿ) - day, a sleep [Kaw]
down, lower as water
►
da-xo (daγó) - down, lower as water
►
cf. da-xo de (daγó dé) - decrease, lower
down, press down, rub down
►
bi-te-shka (bittešká) - press down, rub down
►
pi-te-shka (ppítteška) - I, shpi-te-shka
(špítteška) - you
►
cf. bi (bi) - by pressing, rubbing; te-shka
(ttešká) - short, stubby; da-te-shka (dattešká)
- bite off, shorten; di-te-shka (dittešká),
(dittéška) - shorten, cut short, saw off; ka-te-shka
(kattešká) - shorten by chopping; pa-te-shka
(pátteška) - cut short with a knife
►
Dhegiha: te-shka (téshka) - short [Omaha/Ponca]
down, pull down
►
di-shka (dišká) - pull down, as a fence
►
bdi-shka (bdíška) - I, ti-shka (ttíška)
- you
►
cf. di-shke (dišké) - untie, loosen, open
down, pull down something
►
di-to-shi (dittóši) - pull down something as a window
►
bdi-to-shi (bdíttoši) - I, ti-to-shi (ttíttoši)
- you
►
cf. to-shi (toší) - low, lower; i-ha-zho to-shi
(íhažó toší) - lower lip; i-shta-ha to-shi (ištáha
toší) - lower eyelid; to-shi-hi-ta (tóšihítta)
- at the bottom of something
►
Dhegiha: thi-nu-shi (thi nushi) - dim [Omaha];
nu-shi (núshi) - low [Omaha/Ponca]; nu-shi-a-ha
(núshiáha) - low, short, below, down below [Omaha/Ponca]
down, put down
►
a-toⁿ-wi-naⁿ-de (áttǫwiną́de) - put down a si/in or
cloth object
►
cf. i-naⁿ-de (iną́de) - put sg/si/in or cloth/paper;
na-xnaⁿ i-naⁿ-de (naxną́ iną́de) - hide a sg/si/in
object; shoⁿ i-naⁿ-de (šǫ́ iną́de) - bequeath
sg/si/in/ob or cloth; a-da-ska i-naⁿ-de (ádaska iną́de)
- place something, e.g. paper, in order to make it stick;
a-ka-spi-naⁿ-de (ákaspiną́de) - put a squat, curvilinear
object on another to hold it down, e.g., a stone; a-ki-knaⁿ
i-naⁿ-de (ákkikną iną́de) - put two sitting, curvilinear
objects so their edges touch; be-soⁿ-soⁿ i-naⁿ-de (besǫ́sǫ
iną́de) - wrinkle up, fold
►
Dhegiha: i-noⁿ-the (inoⁿthe) - put away, put it down
[Omaha]; i-noⁿ-the (i-nóⁿ-the) - to put upon the
ground [FL-Osage]
down, put down carefully
►
a-toⁿ-wi-tʰe-de (áttǫwitʰéde) - put st/in object down
carefully
►
cf. i-tʰe-de (itʰéde) - stand something up, sg/st/in;
na-xnaⁿ i-tʰe-de (naxną́ itʰéde) - hide sg/st/in or
collection; a-ki-k’oⁿ-he i-tʰe-de (ákkikʔǫ́he itʰéde)
- put horizontal (lying) things in a pile, here the first verb
denotes the horizontality of the objects and the second the
perpendicularity of the pile; sto-de i-tʰe-de (stodé itʰéde)
- collect small objects in a group; a-di-kʰaⁿ i-tʰe-de (ádikʰą
itʰéde) - pull over a sg/st/in object, make an upright
object lean by pulling it; a-kʰaⁿ i-tʰe-de (ákʰą itʰéde)
- set up a movable object so that it leans against something;
a-ki-kda-ska i-tʰe-de (ákkikdáska itʰéde) - put two
standing, inanimate objects so their ends touch; a-ki-ki-kde
i-tʰe-de (ákkikkíkde itʰéde) - put two standing, inanimate
objects so their ends touch; a-ki-sto-de i-tʰe-de (ákkistóde
itʰéde) - pile up, make a heap; a-ki-ze-ze i-tʰe-de
(ákkizéze itʰéde) - pile up many flat objects one on
another, such as books
►
Dhegiha: i-te-the (ite the) - set something down,
store, deposit [Omaha]; i-tse-the (i-tsé-the) - to
place with someone for safe-keeping [FL-Osage]; i-che-ye
(ichéye) - put down a standing/inanimate object or pile of
objects [Kaw]
down, put horizontal object down carefully
►
a-toⁿ-wi-he-de (áttǫwihéde) - put horizontal object
down carefully
►
cf. i-he-de (ihéde) - put a horizontal object;
i-he (íhe) - horizontal, in a lying position; na-xnaⁿ
i-he-de (naxną́ ihéde) - hide someone's sg/ly/in object;
di-ko-wiⁿ-xe i-he-de (dikkówįγe ihéde) - turn something
long; gaⁿ i-he-de (gą ihéde) - prone; so i-he-de
(só ihéde) - cut lengthwise; shoⁿ i-he-de (šǫ́ ihéde)
- bequeath, will, leave something; a-ka-spe i-he-de (ákaspe
ihéde) - put a horizontal object on another to hold it down,
e.g., a paper-weight; a-kʰaⁿ i-he-de (ákʰą ihéde) -
turn and tip up as a board; a-ki-ki-kde i-he-de (ákkikkíkde
ihéde) - put two long inanimate objects, e.g., books,
planks, so their ends touch; a-ki-pa-t’o i-he-de (ákkippatʔo
ihéde) - close off, stop up, clog, as in a traffic jam
►
Dhegiha: i-he-the (í-hé-the) - to lay down a long
object [FL-Osage]; i-he-the (i-hé-the) - to put a
thing down, made to lie in death [FL-Osage]; i-he-ye (ihéye)
- put down a singular, lying, inanimate object [Kaw]
down, shoot down
►
o-po-xpa-de (opóxpade) - shoot down
►
o-a-po-xpa-de (oápoxpade) - I, o-da-po-xpa-de
(odápoxpade) - you
►
cf. po (pó) - by shooting, blowing, punching;
o-xpa-de (oxpáde) - fall from a height; ni o-xpa-de
(ní oxpáde) - waterfall; mi-ka-x’e o-xpa-de (mikkáxʔe
oxpáde) - meteor, shooting star, “falling”;
o-ba-xpa-de (obáxpade) - push off and cause to fall;
o-bi-xpa-de (obíxpade) - fall, cause by pressure/weight;
o-di-xpa-de (odíxpade) - pull off and cause to fall;
o-ka-xpa-de (okáxpade) - knock off, cause to fall off;
o-ka-xpa (okáxpa) - Quapaw; o-naⁿ-xpa-de
(oną́xpade) - kick something down; o-ki-xpa-de
(okíxpade) - lose something
►
Dhegiha: u-xpa-the (uxpathe) - fell, fall [Omaha];
u-xpa-the (u-xpá-the) - to fall, thrown (from a horse),
to become lost [FL-Osage]; o-ka-xpa (okáxpa) - Quapaw
Indians, throw off (suddenly severing or moving something or someone
from something) [CQ-Osage]; o-xpa-ye (oxpáye) - fall
from a height, fall off, get lost, become lost [Kaw]
down, Sit Down!
►
kniⁿ (knį) - sit down! [MS, AB, OM]
►
cf. kniⁿ (knį), kdiⁿ (kdį) - sit, be
sitting, be in a place, camp; a-kniⁿ (áknį) - chair
[MS, AB, OM]; a-kniⁿ (aknį́) - sit on; shoⁿ-ke
a-kniⁿ (šǫ́ke áknį) - horse, “dog to sit upon” [MS, AB, AG,
OM]; a-kʰi-kniⁿ (akʰíknį) - return home there and
stay; ki-kniⁿ (kíknį) - sit with reference to another;
o-ki-kniⁿ (okkíknį) - sit together, with one another;
o-kniⁿ (oknį́) - sit in, dwell in, live in;
o-ti-kdiⁿ (óttikdį) - village; ki-sto kniⁿ (kistó knį)
- to sit in council; i-ka-zo ka-xe kniⁿ (íkazózo káγe knį)
- clerk, he who sits writing; a-da-ska kniⁿ (ádaska knį́)
- sit close together
►
Dhegiha: gthiⁿ (g¢íⁿ) - sit [JOD-Omaha];
gthiⁿ (gthiⁿ) - to sit [FL-Osage]; liⁿ (lį́į)
- sit [CQ-Osage]; gliⁿ (glíⁿ), liⁿ (liⁿ)
- sit, stay, remain, dwell, live, reside [Kaw]
down, strike down, knock senseless
►
ka-xdi (kaxdí) - strike down, knock senseless
►
aⁿ-xdi (ą́xdi) - I, di-a-xdi (diáxdi) -
you
►
Dhegiha: wa-ga-xthi (wa-gá-xthi) - to strike
[FL-Osage]; zhoⁿ-ga-xthi (zhóⁿ-ga-xthi) - Tree Killer,
personal name, refers to the lightning that strikes and kills the
tree [FL-Osage]; wa-hiu ga-xthi (wá-hiu ga-xthi) -
Strikes the Bone, personal name [FL-Osage]; ka-liⁿ (kaalį́)
- lightning strike [CQ-Osage]; ga-xli (gaxlí) - slay,
strike down and stun; kill by striking with an instrument such as a
club or ax, lightning to strike and kill [Kaw]
down, throw oneself down on
►
a-bisaⁿ-te zhaⁿ (ábisątte žą́) - roll over on
something; throw oneself down on
►
cf. a-bi-saⁿ-te (ábisątte) - catch by pressing on;
hold down, e.g., on his back; lie on something; zhaⁿ (žą),
zhoⁿ (žǫ) - lie, recline; o-bi-saⁿ-te (obísątte)
- pull something between two objects; a-bi-saⁿ-te-zhi
(ábisąttéži) - press down on, weight, hold down
►
ex: ma-shtiⁿ-ke a-bi-saⁿ-te zhaⁿ (maštį́ke ábisątte žą́)
- to throw himself down on a rabbit to catch it
►
Dhegiha: a-ba-soⁿ-de (ábasoⁿde) - to push with the
hand against something which is on something else [Omaha/Ponca];
a-bi-soⁿ-dse (á-bi-çoⁿ-dse) - to press to the ground
[FL-Osage]; a-pi-saⁿ (ápisą) - hold down a lid or a
person, mash, push down on, shut, close, one’s eyes [CQ-Osage];
a-bi-saⁿ-je (ábisaⁿje), a-bu-saⁿ-je (ábusaⁿje)
- press down on, wrestle [Kaw]
down, throw something down from above
►
i-ka-sa de-de (íkasa dedé) - throw something down from
above
► i-da-ka-sa de-a-de
(idákasa déade) - I, i-da-ka-sa de-da-de (ídakasa
dedade) - you
down, turn upside down
►
ki-kda-shoⁿ (kkikdášǫ), ki-kda-shaⁿ (kkikdášą)
- turned upside down
►
cf. di-ki-kda-shoⁿ (dikkíkdašǫ) - turn upside down,
pull over; ki-kda-shaⁿ zhaⁿ (kkikdášą žą́) - lie on
one's stomach
►
Dhegiha: thi a-ki-gtha-shoⁿ (thi akigthashoⁿ) - turn
over [Omaha]; yu-kuu-la-shaⁿ (yukúlashaⁿ) - roll over,
turn upside down [Kaw]
►
di-ki-kda-shoⁿ (dikkíkdašǫ) - turn upside down, pull
over
►
bdi-ki-kda-shoⁿ (bdíkkikdašǫ) - I,
ti-ki-kda-shoⁿ (ttíkkikdašǫ) - you
►
cf. ki-kda-shoⁿ (kkikdášǫ), ki-kda-shaⁿ
(kkikdášą) - turned upside down; ki-kda-shaⁿ zhaⁿ
(kkikdášą žą́) - lie on one's stomach
►
Dhegiha: thi a-ki-gtha-shoⁿ (thi akigthashoⁿ) - turn
over [Omaha]; yu-ku-la-shaⁿ (yukúlashaⁿ) - roll over,
turn upside down [Kaw]
down, wear down by striking
►
ka-to-ke (kattóke) - wear down by striking, to dull
►
a-to-ke (áttoke) - I, da-to-ke (dáttoke)
- you
►
cf. ba-to-ke (battóke) - wear away, wear out;
bi-to-ke (bittóke) - wear away by rubbing or file;
da-to-ke (dattóke) - dull, wear the teeth, blunt;
di-to-ke (dittóke) - dull, blunt a tool; naⁿ-to-ke
(nąttóke) - wear down by walking, as shoes; pa-to-ke
(páttoke) - wear away a knife blade; po-to-ke
(póttoke) - dull by punching, as a spear
down, wear down by walking
►
naⁿ-to-ke (nąttóke) - wear down by walking, as shoes
►
a-naⁿ-to-ke (aną́ttoke) - I, da-naⁿ-to-ke
(daną́ttoke) - you
►
cf. ba-to-ke (battóke) - wear away, wear out;
bi-to-ke (bittóke) - wear away by rubbing or file;
da-to-ke (dattóke) - dull, wear the teeth, blunt;
di-to-ke (dittóke) - dull, blunt a tool; ka-to-ke
(kattóke) - wear down by striking, to dull; pa-to-ke
(páttoke) - wear away a knife blade; po-to-ke
(póttoke) - dull by punching, as a spear
downhill
►
a-da-x’a-ti (ádaxʔatti) - downhill
►
a-pa-po (áppapo) - downhill
►
Dhegiha: pa-mu (pamu) - downhill [Omaha];
a-pa-bo (á-pa-bo) - a slope [FL-Osage]; pa-bu (pa-bú)
- down hill, a steep incline, incline, a steep hill [FL-Osage];
pa-po (papó) - sink, lower, go down [CQ-Osage];
pa-bo (pabó) - downhill, over the edge of a bluff [Kaw]
downstream
►
o-ka-xpa (okáxpa) - Quapaw, people who went downstream
►
o-ka-xpa (okáxpa) - Quapaw [MS, AB]
►
o-ga-xpa (ogáxpa) - Quapaw [OM]
►
o-ka-xpa (o˙GáxBa) - Quapaw person or tribe [FS]
►
o-ka-xpa (okáxpa) - Quapaw gens (clan) of the same
tribe, dwelt on right side of tribal circle [JOD]
►
cf. o-ka-xpa-ki-de (okáxpakkíde) - be adopted as a
Quapaw; o-ka-xpa xti (okáxpaxti) - town name, “Real
Quapaws”, one of the 5 villages spelled Kappa, Cappa, Cappaha, etc.;
o-ka-xpa i-de (okáxpa idé) - south, wind or quarter,
conveys idea of going downstream; ka-xpa (káxpa) -
south wind; o-ka-xpa-de (okáxpade) - knock off, cause
to fall off; o-ki-xpa-de (okíxpade) - lose something;
o-xpa-de (oxpáde) - fall from a height; ni
o-xpa-de (ní oxpáde) - waterfall; mi-ka-x’e o-xpa-de
(mikkáxʔe oxpáde) - meteor, shooting star, “falling”;
o-ba-xpa-de (obáxpade) - push off and cause to fall;
o-bi-xpa-de (obíxpade) - fall, cause by pressure/weight;
o-di-xpa-de (odíxpade) - pull off and cause to fall;
o-naⁿ-xpa-de (oną́xpade) - kick something down;
o-po-xpa-de (opóxpade) - shoot down
►
Dhegiha: u-ga-xpa (ugaxpa) - Quapaw Tribe [Omaha];
u-ga-xpa ga-xa (u-gá-xpa ga-xa) - Quapaw Creek, Okla
[FL-Osage]; o-ka-xpa (okáxpa) - Quapaw Indians
[CQ-Osage]; o-ga-xpa (ogáxpa) - Quapaw tribe or
people, "The down-stream people," so called because their ancestors
went down the Mississippi, while the Omahas, Ponca, Osages, and
Kansa, went up that stream, after leaving the mouth of the Ohio
(River). The Ogáxpa or Kwapas have been called Shappas, Shapahas,
Kapahas, Quappas, Quapaws, etc. They were also known in early
colonial days as the Akansa or Arkansa [Kaw]
►
o-ka-xpa i-de (okáxpa idé) - south, wind or quarter,
conveys idea of going downstream
►
cf. o-ka-xpa (okáxpa) - Quapaw, people who went
downstream
►
Dhegiha: u-ga-xpa (ugaxpa) - Quapaw Tribe [Omaha];
u-ga-xpa ga-xa (u-gá-xpa ga-xa) - Quapaw Creek, Okla
[FL-Osage]; o-ka-xpa (okáxpa) - Quapaw Indians
[CQ-Osage]; o-ga-xpa (ogáxpa) - Quapaw tribe or
people, "The down-stream people," so called because their ancestors
went down the Mississippi, while the Omahas, Ponca, Osages, and
Kansa, went up that stream, after leaving the mouth of the Ohio
(River). The Ogáxpa or Kwapas have been called Shappas, Shapahas,
Kapahas, Quappas, Quapaws, etc. They were also known in early
colonial days as the Akansa or Arkansa [Kaw]
downstream, downwind, with the wind or current
►
a-ka-hi-da (ákahída) - downstream, downwind, with the
wind or current
►
cf. a-ka-hi-da o-ka-xde (ákahída okáxde) - facing
downstream, with his back to the wind; a-k’a i-de (ákʔa idé)
- south [MS]; a-ka-hi-de (akahidah) - New Orleans
(Nouvelle Orléans) [GI]
►
Dhegiha: a’a (á’a) - south wind, an archaic word,
still used in the name a’a wiⁿ (á’awíⁿ) - South Wind
Woman [Omaha/Ponca]; a-ʰka (á-ḳ’a) - south, the south
wind [FL-Osage]; a-k’a-dsi (á-ḳ’a-dsi) - archaic name
for south [FL-Osage]; a-k’a-hu-e (ákʔahúe) - south
wind [CQ-Osage]; a-k’a (ák’a) - south, south wind,
deity of the south wind, power of the south wind [Kaw]
downstream, facing downstream
►
a-ka-hi-da o-ka-xde (ákahída okáxde) - facing
downstream, with his back to the wind
►
a-ka-hi-da o-a-ka-xde (ákahída oákaxde) - I,
a-ka-hi-da o-da-ka-xde ( (ákahída odákaxde) - you
►
cf. a-ka-hi-da (ákahída) - downstream, downwind, with
the wind or current; to-to-ka-xde (tótokáxde) - facing
this way; ta-ti-o-kda-kʰaⁿ o-ka-xde (ttáttiókdakʰą́ okáxde)
- facing at right angles toward the wind; a-shi-to-ka-xde
(ašíttokáxde) - face the back of the lodge; e-ta de-de
o-ka-xde (ettá déde okáxde) - face the other way;
e-to-ka-xde (ettókaxde) - facing in that direction;
ki-maⁿ-haⁿ o-ka-xde (kkímąhą okáxde) - face upstream, face
the wind; ko-to-ka-xde (kótokáxde) - facing the other
way; o-i-naⁿ-be o-ka-xde (óinąbé okáxde) - facing
uphill
►
Dhegiha: hi-de u-ga-xthe (hide úgaqthe) - facing
downward, downstream, facing the bottom or lower part, facing the
mouth of a stream [Omaha/Ponca]; e-ʰta u-ga-xthe (e-ṭá
u-ga-xthe) - facing in that direction [FL-Osage];
o-ka-le (okále) - face a certain direction [CQ-Osage];
o-ga-xle (ogáxle) - facing, face a direction [Kaw]
downward, hold gun muzzle downward
►
di-ba-s’iⁿ (díbasʔį́) - hold gun muzzle downward
►
bdi-ba-s’iⁿ (bdíbasʔį) - I, ti-ba-s’iⁿ
(ttíbasʔį) - you
drag
►
da-xo-we (daxówe) - drag with teeth, draw into mouth
►
bda-xo-we (bdáxowe) - I, ta-xo-we (ttáxowe)
- you
►
cf. di-xo-we (diγówe) - drag something along;
o-di-xo-we (odíxowe) - rut, groove, make by pulling
►
Dhegiha: tha-xu-e (tha-xú-e) - dragged with his teeth
[FL-Osage]
►
di-xo-we (diγówe) - drag something along
►
bdi-xo-we (bdíγowe) - I, ti-xo-we (ttíγowe)
- you
►
cf. di-xo (diγó) - mark, scratch, draw line;
o-di-xo-we (odíxowe) - rut, groove, make by pulling;
da-xo-we (daxówe) - drag with teeth, draw into mouth
►
Dhegiha: thi-xu-e (thi-xú-e) - to drag something on
the ground [FL-Osage]; thi-xu-we (thi-xú-we) - to drag
some dead animal by rope, to lead a horse to water [FL-Osage];
ti-xo-we (ðiiɣówe), ti-xo-e (ðiiɣóe),
thi-xo (ðiiɣó) - drag [CQ-Osage]; yu-gho-we
(yughówe) - drag, pull behind [Kaw]
dragonfly
►
ti-te-ska (ttittéska) - dragonfly
draw blood
►
da-wa-paiⁿ (dawappaį́) - bite and draw blood
►
bda-wa-paiⁿ (bdáwappaį) - I, ta-wa-paiⁿ
(ttáwappaį) - you
►
cf. da (da) - by mouth; wa-paiⁿ (wappaį)
- blood; ba-wa-paiⁿ (bawappaį́) - prick and cause to
bleed; di-wa-paiⁿ (diwappaį́) - scratch and draw
blood, as a cat; ka-wa-paiⁿ (kawappaį́) - cut, slash
and cause to bleed; naⁿ-wa-paiⁿ (nąwappaį́) - bleed,
cause by kicking; pa-wa-paiⁿ (páwappaį) - bleed
someone with a knife; po-wa-paiⁿ (pówappaį́) - bleed
from a thrust, cause to
►
Dhegiha: wa-mi (wamí) - bleed, bloody [Omaha/Ponca];
wa-biⁿ (wa-biⁿ́) - blood, bleeding [FL-Osage];
wa-piⁿ (wa-pį́), wa-peiⁿ (wapéį) - bleed,
blood [CQ-Osage]; wa-biⁿ (wa-bíⁿ) - blood [Kaw]
►
di-wa-paiⁿ (diwappaį́) - scratch and draw blood, as a
cat
►
cf. di (di) - by hand; wa-paiⁿ (wappaį)
- blood; ba-wa-paiⁿ (bawappaį́) - prick and cause to
bleed; da-wa-paiⁿ (dawappaį́) - bite and draw blood;
ka-wa-paiⁿ (kawappaį́) - cut, slash and cause to
bleed; naⁿ-wa-paiⁿ (nąwappaį́) - bleed, cause by
kicking; pa-wa-paiⁿ (páwappaį) - bleed someone with a
knife; po-wa-paiⁿ (pówappaį́) - bleed from a thrust,
cause to
►
Dhegiha: wa-mi (wamí) - bleed, bloody [Omaha/Ponca];
wa-biⁿ (wa-biⁿ́) - blood, bleeding [FL-Osage];
wa-piⁿ (wa-pį́), wa-peiⁿ (wapéį) - bleed,
blood [CQ-Osage]; wa-biⁿ (wa-bíⁿ) - blood [Kaw]
draw line
►
di-xo (diγó) - mark, scratch, draw line
►
bdi-xo (bdíγo) - I, ti-xo (ttíγo) - you
►
cf. di-xo-we (diγówe) - drag something along
►
Dhegiha: thi-xu (thixú) - to draw, to make marks on
paper, to make marks such as are made on arrows [Omaha/Ponca];
thi-xu (thixu) - sketch, mark [Omaha]; thi-xu
(thi-xú) - to scratch marks on rocks or draw lines on paper
[FL-Osage]; yu-gho (yughó) - make scratch marks [Kaw]
draw, write
►
i-ka-zo (íkazo) - write, draw
►
i-da-ka-zo (idákazó) - I, i-da-ka-zo (ídakazó)
- you
►
cf. i-ka-zo i-ka-xe (íkazo ikáγe) - pencil, writing
instrument; i-ka-zo-ye (íkazóye) - to have written;
i-ka-zo-zo (íkazózo) - book, paper, letter;
i-ka-zo-zo i-ka-xe (íkazózo ikáγe) - pen, writing
instrument; i-ka-zo-zo ka-xe kniⁿ (íkazózo káγe knį) -
clerk, he who sits writing; i-ka-zo-zo o-ti (íkazózo káγe
ottí) - school, school house; i-ka-zo-zo ni (íkazózo
ní) - ink
drawer
►
o-pi-zhi (óppiži) - drawer
►
cf. zhaⁿ-pi-zhi (žąppiži) - trunk;
xoⁿ-te zhaⁿ-pi-zhi (xǫtté žąppiži) - cedar chest,
“cedar-wood-to put away/fill-container” [MS]; o-ki-pi (okíppi)
- be full, as a container; o-zhi (óži) - bowl, dish;
o-zhi (oží) - put cl into something, plant, fill;
o-pi hi-hi-ka (oppí hihíkka) - box, paper or cardboard;
pi knaⁿ (ppi kną́) - put away si/in/, a part/cloth
dream
►
hoⁿ-bde (hǫ́bde) - dream
►
a-hoⁿ-bde (ahǫ́bde) - I, da-hoⁿ-bde (dahǫ́bde)
- you
►
hoⁿ-bde (hǫ́bde) - dream [MS]
►
ex: da-zhaⁿ i-te da-hoⁿ-bde (dažą́ itté dahǫ́bde) -
when you go to sleep, you dream [MS]
►
Dhegiha: hoⁿ-bthe (hoⁿbthe) - dreaming, dream [Omaha];
hoⁿ-bthe (hóⁿ-bthe) - to dream [FL-Osage];
hoⁿ-bre (hǫ́bre) - dream, have a dream, dreaming [CQ-Osage];
haⁿ-ble (haⁿblé) - dream [Kaw]; zhaⁿ haⁿ-ble
(zhaⁿ háⁿble) - dream [Kaw]
dress
►
wa-tʰe (watʰé) - skirt, long skirt, dress
►
wa-tʰe (watʰé) - dress [MS, OM]
►
cf. maⁿ-tʰe wa-tʰe (mą́tʰe watʰé) - slip,
undergarment; wa-tʰe di-shiⁿ (watʰé díšį) - apron [OM]
►
ex: she-mi wa-tʰe (šémi watʰé) - girl's dress [OM]
►
ex: wa-tʰe koⁿ-bda (watʰé kkǫbdá) - I want a dress
[OM]
►
ex: wa-tʰe shkoⁿ-ta (watʰé škǫttá) - do you want a
dress? [OM]
►
ex: wa-tʰe a-bi-saⁿ-te koi-tʰe di-ha-knaⁿ da (watʰé ábisątte
kóitʰe dihákną dá) - go iron your dress! [AG]
►
Dhegiha: wa-te (waté) - skirt, woman's dress [Omaha];
wa-tse (wa-tsé) - skirt, dress [FL-Osage]; wa-tsʰe
(wáacʰe) -
skirt with ribbon work or other decorations [CQ-Osage];
wa-che (waché)
- dress, woman's skirt [Kaw]
dribbling
►
da-shnaⁿ-shnaⁿ-zhi (dašną́šnąži) - eat without
dribbling
►
bda-shnaⁿ-shnaⁿ-zhi (bdášnąšnąži) - I,
ta-shnaⁿ-shnaⁿ-zhi (ttášnąšnąži) - you
dried
►
pa-hi xe-ka (ppahí xéka) - skull, lit. “dried head”
►
cf. pa-hi (ppahí) - head; xe-ka (xéka) -
dry, without sap; di-xe-ka (dixéka) - dry out from
breaking (limbs)
►
Dhegiha: xe-ga (qéga) - dried, dead, as a branch or
tree [Omaha/Ponca]; xe-ga (xé-ga) - dead, as tall
grass or tree [FL-Osage]; xe-ka (xéka) - dead from
drying up, e.g., a vegetable, dried [CQ-Osage]
►
xe-ka taⁿ (qek͓á taⁿ) - masculine name, father of
wa-ti-zhi (watíji) [JOD]
►
xe-ka taⁿ (Krakaton) - Dry Man, Treaty of St. Louis
with the Quapaw (1818)
►
xe-ka taⁿ (Hackatton) - Chief, Treaty with the Quapaw
(1833)
►
xe-ka taⁿ (Hackehton) - Treaty with the Quapaw (1824)
►
cf. xe-ka (xéka) - dry, without sap
►
Dhegiha: xe-ga (qéga) - dried, dead, as a branch or
tree [Omaha/Ponca]; xe-ga (xé-ga) - dead, as tall
grass or tree [FL-Osage]; xe-ka (xéka) - dead from
drying up, e.g., a vegetable, dried [CQ-Osage]
dried up
►
ta-xe (táxe) - dried up, dead from heat/cold
►
cf. ba-ta-xe (battáxe) - dry up, root up the soil;
bi-ta-xe (bittáxe) - dry up, press dry; da-ta-xe (dattáxe)
- dry up from being gnawed; di-ta-xe (dittáxe) - dry
out by pulling up, uproot; ka-ta-xe (kattáxe) - crack
and die from being cut, as corn; pa-ta-xe (páttaxe) -
cut and dry up, e.g. cornstalk; po-ta-xe (póttaxe) -
cause to dry up from punching; ta-ta-xe (táttaxe) -
dry up and die, as vegetation from the sun
dried meat
►
ta (tta) - meat, especially dried meat
►
ta (tah) - meat (viande) [GI]
►
ta (tah) - deer, venison (chevreuil) [GI]
►
ta (tta) - deer, meat [MS, MR, OM]
►
cf. ta da-tʰa zhi (tta dátʰa ži) - Friday, “eat no
meat” [MS]; ta we-kdi o-ta-haⁿ (tta wékdi otahą) -
fried meat, cooked with the grease [MS]; ta to-ka (ttatókka),
ta do-ka (ttadókka) - fresh meat, “wet meat”;
ta-ni-o-hoⁿ (ttanióhǫ), ta-niu-hoⁿ (ttanǘhǫ),
ta-ni-o-hoⁿ-de (ttanióhǫde), ta-niu-hoⁿ-de (ttanǘhǫde)
- soup, beef soup, “meat cooked in water”
►
ex: ta to-ka niⁿ-kʰe (ttatókka-nįkʰé) - the meat
►
Dhegiha: ta (ta) - dried meat, especially buffalo,
elk, or deer meat, jerky [Omaha/Ponca];
ta (ta)
- dried meat [Omaha];
ʰta (ṭa)
- the deer, meat of any kind, deer, the flesh of this animal was
used by the Osage and Omaha for food and the skin for clothing, the
sinew was used for sewing [FL-Osage]; ʰta (ʰtáa) -
deer, doe, fawn, buck, meat [CQ-Osage]; ta (ta) -
deer, meat of any sort [Kaw]
drill
►
zhoⁿ i-di-x’o-te taⁿ-ka (žǫ́ idídixʔotte ttą́ka) -
drill, auger
►
zhoⁿ i-di-x’o-te zhi-ka (žǫ́ idídixʔotte žíka) -
gimlet
►
cf. zhaⁿ (žą), zhoⁿ (žǫ) - wood, tree;
o-di-x’o-te (odíxʔotte) - bore a hole; o-x’o-te
(oxʔótte) - hole, natural opening
►
Dhegiha: u-thi-u-de (uthíude) - bore, pierce, to break
through, to bore through [Omaha/Ponca]; u-thi-ʰk’u-dse (u-thí-ḳ’u-dse)
- to drill (a hole), to bore, as a hole [FL-Osage]; o-yu-k’o-je
(oyúk’oje) - break a hole through a solid, to bore a hole
with a brace and bit [Kaw]
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