Quapaw Dictionary

English to Quapaw Dictionary
A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H-I-J-K-L-M-N-O-P-Q-R-S-T-U-V-W-X-Y-Z
Quapaw Sources	Dhegiha Sources

lace up - lend length - liquid listen to - long look at - lying

listen to

► a-na-x’oⁿ (ánaxʔǫ) - listen to ► a-a-na-x’oⁿ (áanaxʔǫ) - I, a-da-na-x’oⁿ (ádanaxʔǫ) - you

► cf. na-x’oⁿ (naxʔǫ́) - hear, listen; ki-na-x’oⁿ (kínaxʔǫ) - listen to someone, heed someone; o-na-x’oⁿ (ónaxʔǫ) - hear about something, hear a report; o-na-x’oⁿ i-ka-zo-zo (ónaxʔǫ íkazózo) - newspaper, lit. “paper that hears”; wa-na-x’oⁿ-zhi (wanáxʔǫží) - to be deaf

► ex: a-a-na-x’oⁿ-zhi pʰi (áanaxʔǫ́ži pʰí) - I did not heed him-I was coming, (I ignored him as I was coming) [JOD]

► ex: “tʰi-we, tʰi-we, wi-he,” i-ye naⁿ a-na-x’aⁿ-zhi hi kde i-ya-we (“tʰiwé, tʰiwé, wihé,” iyé ną ánaxʔąži hí kdé iyáwe) - “come, come, younger sister,” he said, she was not listening to (ignoring) him as she headed home, they say [JOD]

► ex: a-ki-na-x’oⁿ koⁿ-da-zhi (akínaxʔǫ́ kǫdáži) - he did not want to hear him (listen to him) [JOD]

► Dhegiha: a-noⁿ-ʰk’oⁿ (á-noⁿ-ḳ’oⁿ) - to harken, to listen to, to obey [FL-Osage]; a-naⁿ-k’oⁿ (ánąkʔǫ) - listen to, heed, listen [CQ-Osage]; a-no-k’aⁿ (ánok’aⁿ) - listen, listen to [Kaw]

listen to someone, heed someone

► ki-na-x’oⁿ (kínaxʔǫ) - listen to someone, heed someone ► a-na-x’oⁿ (ánaxʔǫ) - I, da-na-x’oⁿ (dánaxʔǫ) - you

► cf. na-x’oⁿ (naxʔǫ́) - hear, listen

► ex: a-ki-na-x’oⁿ koⁿ-da-zhi (akínaxʔǫ́ kǫdáži) - he did not want to listen to him [JOD]

► Dhegiha: gi-na-’aⁿ (giná’aⁿ) - to hear of his own [JOD-Omaha]; gi-noⁿ-ʰk’oⁿ (gi-nóⁿ-ḳ’oⁿ) - he had already heard the message sent to him [FL-Osage]; ki-naⁿ-k’oⁿ (kínąkʔǫ) - hear something about someone or something belonging to or connected with oneself [CQ-Osage]; gu-noⁿ-k’oⁿ (gúnoⁿk’oⁿ) - hear it for him [Kaw]; gi-noⁿ-k’oⁿ (gínoⁿk’oⁿ) - hear one’s own [Kaw]

listen, hear

► na-x’oⁿ (naxʔǫ́) - hear, listen ► a-na-x’oⁿ (anáxʔǫ) - I, da-na-x’oⁿ (danáxʔǫ) - you, oⁿ-na-x’oⁿ-we (ǫnáxʔǫwe) - we

► cf. a-na-x’oⁿ (ánaxʔǫ) - listen to; ki-na-x’oⁿ (kínaxʔǫ) - listen to someone, heed someone; o-na-x’oⁿ (ónaxʔǫ) - hear about something, hear a report; o-na-x’oⁿ i-ka-zo-zo (ónaxʔǫ íkazózo) - newspaper, lit. “paper that hears”; wa-na-x’oⁿ-zhi (wanáxʔǫží) - to be deaf

► ex: a-ki-kde-kde a-na-x’oⁿ (ákkikdekde anáxʔǫ) - I heard it indirectly

► ex: wi-na-x’oⁿ (winaxʔǫ) - I heard you

► ex: wi-na-x’oⁿ zhi (winaxʔǫ́ ži) - I didn’t hear you [MS]

► ex: aⁿ-da-na-x’oⁿ (ą́dánaxʔǫ) - did you hear me?

► ex: aⁿ-naⁿ-x’o zhi (ą́nąxʔǫ́ži) - she had not listened to me [JOD]

► ex: shi-naⁿ ta-bde bde a-kdi naⁿ aⁿ-naⁿ-x’oⁿ-zhi hi da-tʰe niⁿ-kʰe taⁿ she-mi zhi-ka xa-ke niⁿ-kʰe (šíną tábde bdé akdí ną ą́nąxʔǫ́ži hí datʰé nįkʰé tą šémižíka γaké nįkʰé) - I went hunting again, when I came back, she had not listened to me, she was eating it and the little girl was crying [JOD]

► Dhegiha: na-’oⁿ (na’óⁿ) - to hear, to listen, to understand what is said [Omaha/Ponca]; noⁿ-oⁿ (noⁿoⁿ) - hear [Omaha]; noⁿ-k’oⁿ (noⁿ-ḳ’oⁿ) - to hear [FL-Osage]; naⁿ-k’oⁿ (nąkʔǫ́) - hear, hear about, understand [CQ-Osage]; naⁿ-k’oⁿ (naⁿk’óⁿ) - hear [Kaw]

listen, to not listen or ignore

► a-na-x’oⁿ-zhi (ánaxʔǫži) - ignore, heed not, disobey ► a-a-na-x’oⁿ-zhi (áanaxʔǫ́ži) - I, a-da-na-x’oⁿ-zhi (ádanaxʔǫ́ži) - you

► cf. a-na-x’oⁿ (ánaxʔǫ) - listen to; zhi (ži) - not, negation; na-x’oⁿ (naxʔǫ́) - hear, listen; wa-na-x’oⁿ-zhi (wanáxʔǫží) - to be deaf; ki-na-x’oⁿ (kínaxʔǫ) - listen to someone, heed someone; o-na-x’oⁿ (ónaxʔǫ) - hear about something, hear a report; o-na-x’oⁿ i-ka-zo-zo (ónaxʔǫ íkazózo) - newspaper, lit. “paper that hears”; ma-ze wa-hi-oⁿ o-na-x’oⁿ (máze wáhiǫ onáxʔǫ) - telegraph wire; ma-ze wa-hi-oⁿ o-na-x’oⁿ i-ka-xe (máze wáhiǫ onáxʔǫ ikáγe) - telegraph; o-na-x’oⁿ-de (onáxʔǫde) - tell, lit. “cause to hear something”

► ex: a-a-na-x’oⁿ-zhi pʰi (áanaxʔǫ́ži pʰí) - I did not heed him-I was coming, (I ignored him as I was coming) [JOD]

► ex: aⁿ-naⁿ-x’oⁿ-zhi (ą́nąxʔǫ́ži) - she had not listened to me, she ignored me [JOD]

► ex: “tʰi-we, tʰi-we, wi-he,” i-ye naⁿ a-na-x’aⁿ-zhi hi kde i-ya-we (“tʰiwé, tʰiwé, wihé,” iyé ną ánaxʔąži hí kdé iyáwe) - “come, come, younger sister,” he said, she was not listening to (ignoring) him as she headed home, they say [JOD]

► ex: shi-naⁿ ta-bde bde a-kdi naⁿ aⁿ-naⁿ-x’oⁿ-zhi hi da-tʰe niⁿ-kʰe taⁿ she-mi zhi-ka xa-ke niⁿ-kʰe (šíną tábde bdé akdí ną ą́nąxʔǫ́ži hí datʰé nįkʰé tą šémižíka γaké nįkʰé) - I went hunting again, when I came back, she had not listened to me, she was eating it and the little girl was crying [JOD]

► Dhegiha: a-na-’aⁿ-zhi (ána’aⁿ́ji) - he did not listen to, he does not listen to [JOD-Omaha]; aⁿ-tha-na-’aⁿ-zhi (aⁿ́¢ana’aⁿ́ji) - you do not listen to me [JOD-Omaha]; a-noⁿ-ʰk’oⁿ-zhi (á-noⁿ-ḳ’oⁿ zhi) - to disobey [FL-Osage]; aⁿ-tha-na-k’oⁿ-zhi-e (ą́ðanakʔǫžíe) - you did not listen to me [CQ-Osage]

litter, rake or sweep litter away

► di-xe (dixé) - rake, sweep litter away ► bdi-xe (bdíxe) - I, ti-xe (ttíxe) - you

► Dhegiha: we-thu-xe (wé-thu-xe) - garden rake [FL-Osage]; moⁿ-hiⁿ i-thi-xe (moⁿ-híⁿ i-thi-xe) - a sulky hayrake [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-ze we-yu-xe (máⁿze wèyuxe) - a rake drawn by a horse; dipping fork, any tool for dipping [Kaw]

little after dark

► pa-ze de (ppáze dé) - a little after dark [JOD]

► pa-ze de (ppazé de) - evening

► pa-ze de (ppazé de) - at night [MS]

► pa-ze de (ppáze dé) - after dark, “evening went” [JOD]

► pa-ze de (ppáze dé) - it became night [JOD]

► pa-ze de (ppázĕ dé) - after night [JOD]

► cf. pa-ze (ppáze) - evening; a-pa-ze (appáze) - nightfall; haⁿ-naⁿ-pa-ze (hą́nąppáze) - darkness, evening; a-haⁿ-naⁿ-pa-ze (áhąnąppáze) - darken, become evening on someone or something

► ex: pa-ze de wa-naⁿ-bde (ppazé de waną́bde) - supper [MS]

► ex: pa-ze de naⁿ o-ki-hoⁿ-wi i-ya-we, to (ppáze dé ną okíhǫwi iyáwe, tó) - after dark they boiled the potatoes together, they said [JOD]

► ex: zhaⁿ-ki-da-wi i-ya-we pa-ze de naⁿ (žąkidáwi iyáwe ppáze dé ną) - they went to sleep after dark, they say [JOD]

► ex: pa-ze de naⁿ kdi (ppáze dé ną kdí) - after dark, he came back [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ pa-ze de taⁿ naⁿ kniⁿ, i-ya-we (koíšǫ́ttą ppáze dé tą ną knį́, iyáwe) - then, when it became night she camped, they say [JOD]

► ex: e-ti-tʰaⁿ ta-bde kaⁿ-tʰaⁿ naⁿ ni-ka wi-ta, pa-ze de taⁿ kdi kaⁿ-tʰaⁿ naⁿ, e-ti-tʰaⁿ ti-a-zhi hi ha-t’e zho-ka-te a-ta-ha (ettítʰą tábde ką-tʰą́ ną níkka wittá, ppáze dé tą kdí ką-tʰą́ ną, ettítʰą ttiąži hí hatʔé žókkatte attahá) - then my husband had been hunting, he returned after dark, then shortly after that he became sick with a severe fever [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ pa-ze de (koišǫ́ttą ppáze dé) - then it became night [JOD]

► ex: pa-ze de taⁿ kniⁿ-wi (ppaze dé tą knį́wi) - after dark they camped [JOD]

► ex: pa-ze-de haⁿ-ke (ppázedé hąké) - it’s almost dark [MS]

► ex: pa-ze de haⁿ-ke (ppáze dé hąké) - dark-became-almost [JOD]

► ex: pa-ze de haⁿ-ke taⁿ niⁿ-kʰe-ti ki-wi (ppáze dé hąké tą́ nįkʰétti kíwi) - it was nearly night when they reached the village (reached home) [JOD]

► ex: pa-ze de haⁿ-ke taⁿ niⁿ-kʰe-ti ki-wi (ppáze dé hąké tą́ nįkʰetti kíwi) - almost dark, they returned home [JOD]

► Dhegiha: pa-ze-de (p͓á-ze-de) - at dusk, at eventide; of future time [JOD-Omaha]; pa-ze the (paze the) - this evening [Omaha]; ʰpa-ze the (ʰpáze ðe) - this evening [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: pa-ze (páze) - evening, dusk, time between afternoon and night [Omaha/Ponca]; pa-ze (páçe) - evening [Omaha]; pa-ze (pá-çe) - evening, close of the day [FL-Osage]; ʰpa-ze (ʰpáze) - evening, in the evening time, not quite dark yet, night [CQ-Osage]; pa-ze (páze) - evening, late fternoon [Kaw]

little bag

► o-zhi-ha zhi-ka (óžiha žíka) - little bag [JOD]

► cf. o-zhi-ha (óžiha) - sack, bag, pocket; zhi-ka (žíka) - little, small; wa-zhiⁿ-ka o-zhi-ha (wažį́ka ožíha) - bird’s nest; te-zhe-ni o-zhi-ha (téženi óžiha) - bladder; shi o-zhi-ha (šíožíha) - uterus; ta shi o-zhi-ha (ttašíožíha) - doe’s womb

► ex: to-wa o-zhi-ha zhi-ka o-wa-ki-zhi (tówa óžiha žíka ówakiží) - he put the four of them (his own) into the little bag' (JOD)]

► ex: o-zhi-ha zhi-ka e-ti o-wa-zhi naⁿ (óžiha žiká étti ówaži ną) - he put them in there, in the little bag’ (JOD)]

► Dhegiha: u-zhi-ha (úzhiha) - bag, sack [Omaha/Ponca]; u-zhi-ha (úzhi ha) - bag, gunny sack, burlap bag [Omaha]; u-zhu-ha (ú-zhu-ha), o-zho-ha (ó-zho-ha) - a sack or bag [FL-Osage]; o-zhu-ha (óožuhaa) - bag, sack, pouch made of hide or leather, literally, skin into which to put stuff [CQ-Osage]

little boy, baby boy, young boy

► she-to zhi-ka (šéttožíka) - baby boy

► she-to zhi-ka (šétto žíka) - little boy [MS]

► cf. she-to (šétto) - boy; zhi-ka (žíka) - little, small, young

► ex: she-to zhi-ka ma-ze-ni ni-ke niⁿ (šétto žíka mazéni niké nį) - little boy ain't got no milk [MS]

► Dhegiha: she-nu zhiⁿ-ga (shénuzhiⁿga) - young man, youth, unmarried man [Omaha/Ponca]; shiⁿ-ʰto zhiⁿ-ga (shiⁿ́-ṭo zhiⁿ-ga) - a baby boy [FL-Osage]; shiⁿ-to zhiⁿ (šį́tožį) - boy, baby boy, male child [CQ-Osage]; shi-do hiⁿ-ga (shídohìⁿga) - boy, young man [Kaw]

little breast

► ma-ze zhi-ka (mazé žíka) - little breasts [MS]

► cf. ma-ze (mazé) - breast; ma-ze-ni (mazéni) - milk, lit. “breast water”; ma-ze-ni we-kdi (mazéni wékdi) - butter, lit. “milk grease”; ma-ze-ni wa-ske (mazéni wáske) - cheese, lit. “milk cake”; ma-ze-pa (mazéppa) - nipple of the breast; ma-ze pa-si (mazé ppasí) - nipples; ma-ze-pa wa-da-se (mazéppa wadáse) - katydid, lit. “bites off a teat”; ma-ze ste-te (mazé stetté) - giant woman, hair to waist; waist length breast carried over her shoulders for suckling stolen children

► Dhegiha: ma-ze (mazé) - breast, udder [Omaha/Ponca]; moⁿ-ze (moⁿ-çé) - woman’s breast [FL-Osage]; ba-ze (ba-çé) - a woman’s breast, udder [FL-Osage]; pa-ze (paazé) - breast, udder [CQ-Osage]; ba-ze (bazé) - breast [Kaw]

little finger

► naⁿ-pe o-za zhi-ka (nąpé ozá žiká), naⁿ-pe o-za zhiⁿ-ka (nąpé ozá žįká) - little finger

► naⁿ-piu-za zhi-ka (nąpüza žiká) - little finger [MS]

► cf. naⁿ-pe o-za (nąpé ozá), naⁿ-piu-za (nąpüza) - finger; zhi-ka (žíka) - small, little

► Dhegiha: noⁿ-be hi u-zhiⁿ-ga (noⁿbe hi uzhiⁿga) - little finger [Omaha]; noⁿ-be u-zhiⁿ-ga (noⁿ-be u-zhíⁿ-ga) - the little finger [FL-Osage]; naⁿ-bo-hiⁿ-ga (naⁿbóhiⁿga) - little finger [Kaw]

little girl, baby girl

► she-mi zhi-ka (šémižíka) - little girl [JOD]

► she-mi zhi-ka (šémižíka) - baby girl

► she-mi zhi-ka (šémižíka) - baby girl [MS]

► cf. she-mi (šémi) - girl, not yet reached puberty; zhi-ka (žíka) - small, little, young

► ex: she-mi zhi-ka a-kda-bniⁿ pʰi (šémižíka akdábnį pʰí) - I came here with my little girl [JOD]

► ex: ni-ka she-mi zhi-ka e-naⁿ-pa (níkka šémižíka enąp͓á) - both the man and little girl [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ ni-ka niⁿ-kʰe she-mi zhi-ka e-naⁿ-pa kda-we i-ya-we (kóišǫ́ttą níkka nįkʰé šémižíka enąp͓á kdáwe iyáwe) - then both the man and little girl started homeward, they say [JOD]

► ex: shi-naⁿ ta-bde bde a-kdi naⁿ aⁿ-naⁿ-x’oⁿ-zhi hi da-tʰe niⁿ-kʰe taⁿ she-mi zhi-ka xa-ke niⁿ-kʰe (šíną tábde bdé akdí ną ą́nąxʔǫ́ži hí datʰé nįkʰé tą šémižíka γaké nįkʰé) - I went hunting again, when I came back, she had not listened to me, she was eating it and the little girl was crying [JOD]

► ex: e-shaⁿ-taⁿ she-mi zhi-ka de naⁿ-hi a-kda-bniⁿ a-kdi (ešą́ttą šémižíka dé nąhí akdábnį akdí) - and then-little girl-this-only-I have my own-I have come home [JOD]

► Dhegiha: she-miⁿ zhiⁿ-ga (shémiⁿzhíⁿga) - young woman, maiden [Omaha/Ponca]; she mi-zhiⁿ-ga (she mizhiⁿga) - maiden, young girl [Omaha]; shi-mi zhiⁿ-ga (shí-mi-zhiⁿ-ga) - a baby girl, a damsel, a maiden, a lassie [FL-Osage]; shiⁿ-miⁿ zhiⁿ (šį́mįžį) - girl, baby girl, girlfriend [CQ-Osage]; shi-miⁿ hiⁿ-ga (shímiⁿhìⁿga), shi-mi zhiⁿ-ga (shímizhiⁿga) - girl, young woman [Kaw]

little old lady, old woman, old female animal

► wa-x’o zhi-ka (waxʔóžiká) - old woman, old female animal; little old lady

► cf. wa-x’o (waxʔó) - woman, also female animal; zhi-ka (žiká) - small, little; wa-x’o zhi-ka hi (waxʔóžiká hi) - aged woman; wa-x’o zhi-ka xti (waxʔóžika xti) - aged woman; wa-x’o naⁿ-haⁿ (waxʔó ną́hą) - old lady [MS]

► Dhegiha: wa-’u zhiⁿ-ga (wa-’ú-jiñ-ga) - an old woman [JOD-Omaha]; wa-u zhiⁿ-ga (waúzhiⁿga) - old woman, elder [Omaha]; wa-ʰk’o zhiⁿ-ga (wa-ḳ’ó zhiⁿ-ga) - an aged woman, a crone, mother-in-law [FL-Osage]; wa-k’o zhiⁿ (wakʔóžį) - my mother-in-law, mother-in-law, crone, elderly woman, little old woman, little woman, used both to refer to her and to address her [CQ-Osage]; wa-k’o zhiⁿ-ga (wak’ó zhiⁿga), wa-k’o-hiⁿ-ga (wak’óhìⁿga) - old woman, mother-in-law [Kaw]

Little or Young Beaver

► zha-we zhi-ka (jáwe jik͓á) - masculine name, 1st name of Jno Beaver; Young/Little Beaver

► cf. zha-we (žáwe) - beaver; zhi-ka (žíka) - little, small, young

► Dhegiha: zha-be zhiⁿ-ga (zhábezhiⁿga) - Little Beaver, male name [Omaha]

► Dhegiha: zha-be (zhábe) - beaver [Omaha/Ponca]; zha-be (zhá-be) - beaver [FL-Osage]; zha-pe (žápe) - beaver [CQ-Osage]; zha-be (zhábe) - beaver [Kaw]

Little or Young Buffalo Girl

► te mi zhi-ka (tte mí žíka) - Little Buffalo Girl [MR]

► te mi zhi-ka (té mi-jí-k͓a) - female name of the Kwapa Buffalo gens, Buffalo Girl; Myrtle Angell [JOD]

► cf. te (tte) - buffalo; mi (mi), miⁿ (mį) - female; zhi-ka (žíka) - little, small, young; mi-zhi-ka (mižíka) - young girl, unmarried female

► Dhegiha: tse miⁿ zhiⁿ-ga (cemíⁿzhíⁿga) - female name, Small Buffalo Female [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: te (te) - buffalo [Omaha/Ponca]; ʰtse (ṭse) - bison [FL-Osage]; ʰtse (ʰcée) - buffalo [CQ-Osage]; tse (ce) - buffalo, usually the cow [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: miⁿ zhiⁿ-ga (míⁿzhiⁿga) - girl [Omaha/Ponca]; mi zhiⁿ-ga (mízhiⁿga) - girl [Omaha]

Little or Young Buffalo, Buffalo Calf

► te zhi-ka (te jí-k͓a) - masculine name of the Kwapa Buffalo gens, Buffalo Calf [JOD]

► te zhi-ka (ttežíka) - Buffalo Calf, male personal name [MS]

► te zhi-ka (ttežíka) - buffalo calf

► cf. te (tte) - buffalo; zhi-ka (žíka) - little, small, young

► Dhegiha: te zhiⁿ-ga (tezhiⁿga) - Little Buffalo, personal name [Omaha]; te zhiⁿ-ga (tezhíⁿga) - buffalo calf, young buffalo [Omaha/Ponca]; ʰtse zhiⁿ-ga (ṭse zhi-ga) - little buffalo, unborn calf [FL-Osage]; ʰtse zhiⁿ (ʰceežį́) - small buffalo, unborn buffalo calf, any unborn calf, a valued food, especially for older people without good teeth, at peyote church the older ones get unborn calf as the best part of the beef at breakfast, along with corn, fruit, and water, these are the four things allowed, PM [CQ-Osage]; tse hiⁿ-ga (cehiⁿga) - buffalo calf [Kaw]

Little or Young Chief

► ka-hi-ke zhi-ka (kahíke žíka) - Little Chief [MS]

► cf. ka-hi-ke (kahíke), ga-hi-ge (gahíge) - chief; zhi-ka (žíka) small, little, young

► Dhegiha: ga-hi-ge zhiⁿ-ga (gahíge zhiⁿga) - Little Chief, male name [Omaha]; ga-hi-ge zhiⁿ-ga (ga-hi-ge-zhiⁿ-ga) - Young Chief, male personal name [FL-Osage]; ga-hi-ge zhiⁿ-ga (gahíge zhíⁿga) - Young Chief, male name [Kaw]

Little or Young Cloud

► ma-xpi zhi-ka (maqpí jik͓á) - masculine name, father of haⁿ-ka noⁿ (hañ́k͓a núⁿ) [JOD]

► cf. ma-xpi (maxpí) - cloud; zhi-ka (žiká) - small, little, young; ma-xpi (maqpí) - male name, Paul Goodeagle’s name [FR]; ma-xpi ka-xe (maxpí káγe) - Cloud Maker, Making Clouds, personal name [MS]; ma-xpi ka-xde-xde (maxpí kaxdéxde) - small puffy clouds; ma-xpi wa-sh’a-ke (maxpí wašʔáke) - large clouds; ma-xpi to (maxpí tto) - blue, sky blue color

► Dhegiha: moⁿ-xpi (moⁿxpí) - cloud [Omaha/Ponca]; moⁿ-xpi (moⁿ-xpí) - cloud, cloudy [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-xpu (mą́xpu) - cloud, cloudy [CQ-Osage]; maⁿ-xpu (maⁿxpú) - cloud [Kaw]

Little or Young Crane

► pe-tʰaⁿ zhi-ka (pé-taⁿ jí-k͓a) - masculine name of the Kwapa pe-tʰaⁿ (petaⁿ) or Crane gens; Young Crane. This name is borne by Amos New-House [JOD]

► cf. pe-tʰaⁿ (ppétʰą) - greyish-blue crane; zhi-ka (žiká) - small, little, young; pe-tʰaⁿ e-ni-ka-shi-ka (pétaⁿ énikacík͓a) - the Crane gens (clan), obtained from Alphonsus Valliere [JOD]

► Dhegiha: pe-toⁿ (pétoⁿ) - crane bird [Omaha]; pe-ʰtoⁿ (p̣e-ṭoⁿ) - crane, long-legged and long-necked bird [FL-Osage]; be-khaⁿ (békhaⁿ) - crane [Kaw]; ʰpe-ʰtoⁿ ska (p̣é-ṭoⁿ çka) - the white crane [FL-Osage]; pe-kʰaⁿ ska (p̣ékʰaⁿ ska), be-kʰaⁿ ska (békʰaⁿ ska) - whooping crane [Kaw]; ʰpe-ʰtoⁿ xo-dse (p̣é-ṭoⁿ xo-dse) - the gray crane [FL-Osage]; pe-kʰaⁿ xo-je (pékʰaⁿ xóje) - gray crane [Kaw]; ʰpe-ʰtoⁿ hiu stse-dse (p̣é-ṭoⁿ hiu-stse-dse) - long legged crane, sandhill crane [FL-Osage]; pe-kʰaⁿ ta-hu yu-shiⁿ-zhe (pékʰaⁿ táhu yushíⁿzhe) - crooked necked crane [Kaw]

Little or Young Crawfish

► maⁿ-shka zhi-ka (mańcka jik͓á) - masculine name, Young/Little Crawfish [JOD]

► cf. maⁿ-shka (mą́ška), moⁿ-shka (mǫ́ška) - crawfish; zhi-ka (žiká) - small, little, young; maⁿ-shka taⁿ-ka (mańcka tañka) - female name, Large/Big Crawfish [JOD]

► Dhegiha: moⁿ-shka (moⁿshka) - shrimp, crab, lobster, crayfish [Omaha]; moⁿ-shkoⁿ (móⁿ-shkoⁿ) - crawfish [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-shka (máⁿshka) - crawfish, crawdad [Kaw]

little or young deer, fawn

► ta zhi-ka (ttažíka) - fawn

► ta zhi-ka (tta žíka) - little deer [MS]

► cf. ta (tta) - deer; zhi-ka (žiká), (žíka), zhi-ga (žigá) - small, little, young

► Dhegiha: ta-xti zhiⁿ-ga (táqti zhíⁿga) - fawn, baby deer [Omaha/Ponca]; ta-xti zhiⁿ-ga (taxti zhiⁿga) - fawn [Omaha]; ʰta gthe-zhe zhiⁿ-ga (ṭa-gthé-zhe zhiⁿ-ga) - a young spotted deer, a fawn [FL-Osage]

Little or Young Eagle

► xi-da zhi-ka (qi-d^¢á jí-k͓a) - masculine name of the Kwapa xi-da ni-ka-shi-ka (qid^¢é nikacik͓a) or Eagle gens; Eaglet [JOD]

► xi-da zhi-ka (xidá žíka) - Little Eagle, male name [MS]

► cf. xi-da (xidá) - eagle; zhi-ka (žiká), zhi-ga (žigá) - small, little, young

► Dhegiha: xi-tha zhiⁿ-ga (xitházhinga) - Little Eagle, male name [Omaha]; xi-tha zhiⁿ-ga (xi-thá zhiⁿ-ga) - young bald eagle [FL-Osage]; xu-ya zhiⁿ-ga (xuyá zhíⁿga) - Eaglet, male name [Kaw]

Little or Young Elk

► oⁿ-pʰoⁿ zhi-ka (oⁿ́-pʰŭⁿ jí-k͓a), (aⁿ́paⁿ jik͓á) - masculine name of the Kwapa Elk gens; Young Elk; Geo. Lane [JOD]

► cf. oⁿ-pʰaⁿ (ǫ́pʰą), oⁿ-pʰoⁿ (ǫ́pʰǫ), iⁿ-pʰoⁿ (įpʰǫ) - elk; zhi-ka (žiká), zhi-ga (žigá) - small, little, young; oⁿ-pʰoⁿ (oⁿ́-pʰŭⁿ) - masculine name of the Kwapa oⁿ-pʰoⁿ (oⁿpʰŭⁿ) or Elk gens; Elk [JOD] oⁿ-pʰoⁿ taⁿ-ka (oⁿ́-pʰŭⁿ tañ́-k͓a) - masculine name of the Kwapa Elk gens; Big Elk [JOD]

► Dhegiha: oⁿ-poⁿ zhiⁿ-ga (óⁿpoⁿ zhiⁿga) - Young Elk, male name [Omaha]; o-pʰaⁿ zhiⁿ-ga (opʰáⁿ zhíⁿga) - Young Elk, male name [Kaw]

Little or Young Green/Blue Back

► naⁿ-ka to zhi-ka (nañ́ka tu jik͓á) - (m) Little Green Back [JOD]

► naⁿ-ka to (nañ́-ka tu) - masculine name of the (Kwapa) oⁿ-pʰaⁿ (oⁿpʰŭⁿ) Elk gens: Blue Back [JOD]

► cf. naⁿ-ka (ną́kka) - back of an animal; to (tto) - blue, green, grue; zhi-ka (žiká) - small, little, young

► Dhegiha: noⁿ-ka tu (nóⁿkatu) - Blue Back, personal name [JOD-Omaha]; noⁿ-ʰka ʰto-ho (nóⁿ-ḳa ṭo-ho) - Blue Back, male personal name, refers to the raccoon skin used in ceremonies [FL-Osage]; naⁿ-ka to-ho (náⁿka tóho) - Bluish-Black Back (of a raccoon), male name [Kaw]

Little or Young Grizzly Bear

► maⁿ-tʰo zhi-ka (maⁿ-tú jí-k͓a) - masculine name of the Kwapa maⁿ-tʰo e-ni-ka-shi-ka (mantú enikacík͓a) or Grizzly bear gens, Young Grizzly Bear [JOD]

► maⁿ-tʰo zhi-ka (maⁿtú jik͓a) - masculine name, Little Lion (Young Grizzly Bear) [JOD]

► cf. maⁿ-tʰo (mątʰó), moⁿ-chʰo (mǫčʰó) - grizzly bear; zhi-ka (žíka) - small, little, young

► Dhegiha: mi-tsiu zhiⁿ-ga (mi-tsiú-zhiⁿ-ga) - Little Grizzly Bear, male personal name [FL-Osage]; miⁿ-cho zhiⁿ-ga (miⁿchó zhíⁿga) - Young Grizzly Bear, male name [Kaw]

Little or Young Haⁿ-ka

► haⁿ-ka zhi-ka (hañ́-k͓a jí-k͓a) - masculine name of the Kwapa haⁿ-ka e-ni-ka-shi-ka (hañ́k͓a énikacík͓a) or hañga gens; Young Hañ͓ka [JOD]

► cf. haⁿ-ka (hą́ka) - ancestral gens or first gens; zhi-ka (žíka) - small, little, young

► Dhegiha: hoⁿ-ka zhiⁿ-ka (hun ka shin ka) - Young Hun ka, Little Earth, male name [Osage]; haⁿ-ga zhiⁿ-ga (háⁿga zhíⁿga) - Young Hañga or Ancestor, male name [Kaw]; haⁿ-ga zhiⁿ-ga (háⁿga zhíⁿga) - Little Eagle clan [Kaw]

Little or Young Hawk

► kde-taⁿ zhi-ka (kt^çe-t͓aⁿ́ jí-k͓a) - masculine name of the Kwapa wa-zhiⁿ-ka (wajiñk͓a) or Bird gens; Young Hawk; Joe Buffalo [JOD]

► kde-taⁿ zhi-ka (Gratonjekah) - Treaty with the Quapaw (1824)

► cf. kde-taⁿ (kdetą́) - hawk; zhi-ka (žíka) - small, little, young; kde-taⁿ (kt^çe-t͓aⁿ́) - masculine name of the Kwapa wa-zhiⁿ-ka (wajiñk͓a) or Bird gens; Hawk [JOD]

► Dhegiha: gthe-doⁿ zhiⁿ-ga (gthedóⁿ zhiⁿga) - male name, Little Hawk [Omaha]; gthe-doⁿ zhiⁿ-ga (gthe-dóⁿ zhiⁿ-ga) - male name, Little Hawk [Osage]; gthe-doⁿ zhiⁿ-ga (gthe-dóⁿ zhiⁿ-ga) - the little hawk, this is the smallest of the hawk family and the most courages, in the tribal war rites the little hawk figures as a symbol of the warrior’s courage [FL-Osage]; le-daⁿ zhiⁿ-ga (ledáⁿ zhíⁿga) - male name, Small Hawk [Kaw]

Little or Young Pigeon

► di-ta zhi-ka (d^¢í-ta jik͓a) - masculine name, Young Pigeon [JOD]

► cf. di-ta (dítta) - dove; zhi-ka (žíka) - little, small, young; di-ta pa-ta-ho (dittá ppattáho) - turtle dove; di-ta wa-ta-kde (dittá wattákde) - pigeon

► Dhegiha: thi-tʰa (thítʰa) - pigeon, dove [Omaha/Ponca]; thi-ʰta (thi-ṭa) - pigeon [FL-Osage]; thiu-ʰta (thiú-ṭa) - mourning dove [FL-Osage]; yu-ta (yúta) - pigeon, dove [Kaw]

Little or Young Raven/Crow

► ka-xe zhi-ka (ká-xe jí-k͓a) - masculine name of the Kwapa pe-tʰaⁿ or Crane gens, Young Raven [JOD]

► ka-xe zhi-ka (kaqĕ jik͓a), (káxe jík͓a) - masculine name Little Crow, younger bro of Mrs. S [JOD]

► cf. ka-xe (kkáγe) - raven; zhi-ka (žíka) - small, little, young; ka-xe (ka-xe) - masculine name of the Kwapa pe-tʰaⁿ (petaⁿ) or Crane gens; Raven [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ka-xe (káxe) - crow [Omaha/Ponca]; ka-xe (káxe) - crow [Omaha]; ʰka-xe (ḳá-xe) - crow [FL-Osage]; ʰka-xe (ʰkáɣe) - crow [CQ-Osage]; ka-ghe (kághe) - crow [Kaw]

Little or Young Snake

► we-s’a zhi-ka (wĕ-s’a jí-k͓a) - masculine name of the Kwapa Snake gens; Young Snake, or, Small Snake [JOD]

► cf. we-s’a (wésʔa) - snake; zhi-ka (žiká) - small, little, young; we-s’aⁿ-iⁿ (wĕ-s’aⁿ́-iⁿ) - female name of the Kwapa Snake gens; Snake [JOD]; we-s’a i-shta-xe (wésʔa ištáxe) - garter snake; we-s’a pa-kdaⁿ-ka-haⁿ (wésʔa pákdąkkahą́) - snake with a head at each end about 18 inches long, rarely seen; we-s’a xti (wésʔaxti) - rattlesnake, “real snake”

► Dhegiha: we-s’a zhiⁿ-ga (wésʔazhiⁿga) - Little Snake, Omaha name [JOD-Omaha]

► Dhegiha: we-s’a (wés’a) - snake, serpent [Omaha/Ponca]; we-s’a (wéç’a) - snake, serpent [Omaha]; we-ʰts’a (wé-ṭs’a) - snake, reptile [FL-Osage]; we-ts’a (wécʔa) - snake, serpent, viper [CQ-Osage]; we-ts’a (wéts’a) - snake [Kaw]

Little or Young Star

► mi-ka-x’e zhi-ka (mi-ká-q’e jí-ka) - masculine name of the Kwapa mi-ka-x’e ni-ka shi-ka (mikáq’e ni-kacik͓a) or Star gens; Little Star [JOD]

► mi-ka-x’e zhi-ka (mikkáxʔe žiká) - Little Star, male name [MS]

► cf. mi-ka-x’e (mikkáxʔe) - star; zhi-ka (žiká) - small, little, young

► Dhegiha: mi-ka-’e zhiⁿ-ga (miká’e zhiⁿga) - Little Star, personal name [JOD-Omaha]; mi-ʰka-ʰk’e zhiⁿ-ga (mi-ḳá-ḳ’e zhiⁿ-ga) - Little Star, male personal name [FL-Osage]

Little or Young Thunder

► ka-ni zhi-ka (k͓a-ní ji-k͓á) - Little Thunder (not, Thunder-being), called Ambrose by the white people: a Kwapa man, living in 1877 [JOD]

► ka-niⁿ zhi-ka (kanįžíka) - distant thunder, little thunder

► cf. ka-ni (kaní), ka-niⁿ (kanį) - thunder; zhi-ka (žiká) - small, little, young; ka-niⁿ taⁿ-ka (kanįttą́ka) - loud rolling thunder, hard thunder, big thunder; ka-ni taⁿ-ka (k͓ani tañ́k͓a) - masculine name, Chas Quapaw, son of xi-da ska taⁿ-ka (qid^çá ska tañ́k͓a); Charles Goodeagle’s name [FR, JOD]; ka-ni-ni (kaníni), ka-niⁿ-niⁿ (kanįnį́) - thunder, thundering

Little or Young Thunder Being

► wa-kaⁿ-ta zhi-ka (wa-kań-t͓a jí-k͓a) - masculine name of the Kwapa wa-kaⁿ-ta (wakantă) gens; Young Thunder Being [JOD]

► cf. wa-kaⁿ-ta (wakką́tta) - spirit, God, thunder being, mysterious, mysterious being, supernatural; zhi-ka (žíka) - small, little, young

► Dhegiha: wa-koⁿ-da (wakoⁿda) - God [Omaha]; wa-koⁿ-da (wakóⁿda) - power, of the sacred stones, personal name [Omaha]; wa-ʰkoⁿ-da (wa-ḳóⁿ-da) - God, the name applied by the Osage to the mysterious, invisable, creative power which brings into existence all living things of whatever kind [FL-Osage]; wa-ʰkoⁿ-ta (waʰkǫ́ta) - God [CQ-Osage]; wa-kaⁿ-da (wakáⁿda) - god [Kaw]; wa-kaⁿ-da (wa-káⁿ-da) - Thunder God, male name [Kaw]

Little or Young Thunder Being/Person

► taⁿ-naⁿ zhi-ka (taⁿnaⁿ́ jik͓á) - masculine name, Little Thunder person, son of George Redeagle and u-ka-shan.; Little Thunder being (person)

► taⁿ-naⁿ zhi-ka (Taunoujinka) - Chief, Treaty with the Quapaw (1833)

► cf. taⁿ-naⁿ (tąną́) - thunder, the Kwapa have persons named after the taⁿ-naⁿ, i.e. Thunder People who make their abode in the upper world [JOD]; zhi-ka (žiká) - small, little, young; taⁿ-naⁿ (taⁿnaⁿ́) - Levi Goodeagle’s name [FR]; taⁿ-naⁿ haⁿ-ka (taⁿnaⁿ́ hañk͓a) - masculine name, son of kde-taⁿ haⁿ-ka (kt^çetaⁿ hañk͓a), father of mi hi-ta (mí hitá) [JOD]

Little or Young Turtle

► ke zhi-ka (ke jí-k͓a) - masculine name of the Kwapa ke ni-ka-shi-ka (ké níkacík͓a) or Turtle gens; Young Turtle [JOD]

► cf. ke (kke) - turtle; zhi-ka (žíka) - small, little, young

► Dhegiha: ke zhiⁿ-ga (ke zhíⁿga) - Young Turtle, male name [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: ke (k͓e) - a black turtle with a white breast [JOD-Omaha]; ke (ke) - turtle, tortoise [Omaha]; ʰke (ḳé) - turtle, tortoise, terrapin [FL-Osage]; ʰke (ʰkée) - turtle, tortoise, terrapin [CQ-Osage]; ke (ke) - turtle [Kaw]

Little or Young Walking One

► maⁿ-niⁿ zhi-ka (ma-ní jí-k͓a) - masculine name, Young One Walking [JOD]

► cf. maⁿ-niⁿ (mąnį́) - walk; zhi-ka (žiká) - small, little, young

► Dhegiha: moⁿ-thiⁿ (moⁿthíⁿ) - to walk [Omaha/Ponca]; moⁿ-thiⁿ (moⁿ-thiⁿ), moⁿ-iⁿ (moⁿ-íⁿ) - to walk, to exist [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-thiⁿ (mąðį́), maⁿ-iⁿ (mą́į) - walk, go by walking, go by foot, go away, go, go on, get moving, go ahead, approach, move in closer, stay, act or live a certain way, go around a certain way [CQ-Osage]; maⁿ-yiⁿ (maⁿyíⁿ) - walk, move [Kaw]

Little or Young White Daylight

► hoⁿ-pa ska zhi-ka (hŭⁿ́p͓a ská jik͓á) - masculine name, Geo Lane, Joe Lane’s son [JOD]

► cf. haⁿ-pa ska (hą́pa ska) - First Light of Day; Daylight, male name [MS]; haⁿ-ba (hą́ba), hoⁿ-ba (hǫ́ba), hoⁿ-pa (hǫ́pa), haⁿ-pa (hą́pa) - day, daytime; haⁿ-ba (hąbá), hoⁿ-ba (hǫbá) - light, the morning light; aⁿ-ba (ą́ba) - morning, before daybreak; ska (ska) - white; haⁿ-pa ska-de (hą́pa skáde) - daylight [JOD]; haⁿ-ba wa-ska-de (hąbá waskáde) - daylight

► Dhegiha: hoⁿ-ba ska (hóⁿ-ba çka) - daylight [FL-Osage]; hoⁿ-pa ska (hǫ́ǫpaska) - be daylight, daylight [CQ-Osage]; haⁿ-ba ska (háⁿba ska) - White Day; Dawn, male name [Kaw]

Little or Young White Eagle

► xi-da ska zhi-ka (qid^¢á ska jík͓a) - masculine name, Little White Eagle [JOD]

► xi-da ska zhi-ka (xidá ska žíka) - Little White Eagle, male name [MS]

► cf. xi-da (xidá) - eagle; ska (ska) - white; zhi-ka (žiká) - small, little, young; xi-da ska (xidá ska) - White Eagle, male name; xi-da zhi-ka (xidá žíka) - Little Eagle, Eaglet, male name

► Dhegiha: xi-tha ska (xitháska) - White Eagle, personal name [Omaha]; xi-tha-ska (xi-thá-çka) - white eagle, also the name of a Ponca Indian [FL-Osage]; xu-ya ska (xuyá ska) - White Eagle, male name [Kaw]

Little or Young White Sun

► mi ska zhi-ka (miská jík͓a) - female name [JOD]

► cf. mi (mi) - sun; ska (ska) - white; zhi-ka (žiká) - small, little, young; mi ska (mi ská) - female name, White Female near by [JOD]; mi ska ki-ta (mí ska k͓í-ta) - female name, White Female Coming (sic). Wife of kde-taⁿ sa (kt^çet͓aⁿ sa); White Sun “Gets up, Comes” [JOD]; mi ska na-zhiⁿ (míska najiⁿ) - female name, White Sun Standing, sister (with Os-Kwapas) married a Kwapa there [JOD]

little people, dwarfs

► pa-hi-ska zhi-ka (ppahíska žíka) - dwarfs, not often seen, “small ones with white hair”

► cf. pa-hi (ppahí) - head; ska (ska) - white; zhi-ka (žíka) - small, little; pa-hi ska (ppahí ska) - bald eagle, white head, name of Pawhuska, OK; pa-hi ska (pa-hí ska) - masculine name of the Kwapa, White Head [JOD]

► Dhegiha: pa-hi-ska (Pahíska) - head, hair, white (buffalo when shoulder hair is shed) male name [Omaha]; pa-hiu ska (pahiúçka) - white hair, Personal name, refers to the sacred white buffalo [FL-Osage]; ʰpa-hiⁿ ska (ʰpahį́įska) - Pawhuska, the seat of Osage County, Oklahoma, literally, white head hair, white hair of the head [CQ-Osage]; pa-hu-ska taⁿ-ga (Pahúska Táⁿga) - White Hair, Sr. male name [Kaw]

► wa-kaⁿ-ta-ke zhi-ka (wakką́ttáke žíka) - dwarfs, not often seen, “small mysterious ones”

► Dhegiha: ga-da-zhe (gadázhe) - dwarves, little people, the wild people, they are supposed to be about three feet high, and to dwell underground [Omaha/Ponca]; ni-a-shiⁿ-ga nu-shi-a-ha (niashiⁿga nushiaha) - elf, dwarf [Omaha]; mi-wa-gthu-shka (mí-wa-gthu-shka) - fay, an elf, a fairy [FL-Osage]; mi-loⁿ-shka (milǫ́ška), mi-a-loⁿ-shka (míalǫška) - elf, sprite, brownie, leprechaun, fairy, the Osage “little people” are not fairies, but rather a scarier sort of being, not so small and dainty, and rather ominous [CQ-Osage]; ni-ʰka-shi-ka zhiⁿ (níʰkašikažį) - little people, small beings in Osage mythology [CQ-Osage]; mi-a-lo-shka (míaloshka) - monster with large head and long hair, also described as mythical people, water beings or little people [Kaw]

little rope, string

► wa-hi-oⁿ zhi-ka (wahíǫ žíka) - little rope, string [MS]

► wa-hi-oⁿ zhi-ka (wahíǫ žíka), wa-hi-oⁿ zhiⁿ-ka (wahíǫ žį́ka) - small string

► cf. wa-hi-oⁿ (wahíǫ) - string, thread, lariat; zhi-ka (žiká) - small, little, young; ni-ka wa-hi-oⁿ (níkka wahíǫ) - rope; ma-ze wa-hi-oⁿ o-na-x’oⁿ (máze wáhiǫ onáxʔǫ) - telegraph wire; ma-ze wa-hi-oⁿ o-na-x’oⁿ i-ka-xe (máze wáhiǫ onáxʔǫ ikáγe) - telegraph

little Sunday, Saturday

► haⁿ-ba wa-te-xi zhi-ka (hą́ba wattéxi žíka) - Saturday, “little Sunday”

► haⁿ-ba wa-te-xi zhi-ka (hą́ba wattéxi žíka) - Saturday [MS]

► cf. haⁿ-ba (hą́ba), hoⁿ-ba (hǫ́ba), hoⁿ-pa (hǫ́pa), haⁿ-pa (hą́pa) - day, daytime; wa-te-xi (wattéxi) - difficult, too much, too high a price; zhi-ka (žíka) - small, little; haⁿ-ba wa-te-xi (hą́ba wattéxi) - Sunday

► Dhegiha: wa-te-xi (watéxi) - difficult action with a purpose, male name [Omaha]; wa-ʰtse-xi (wa-ṭsé-xi) - difficult to destroy, to be tenacious of life, stingy, ungenerous, not liberal, penurious [FL-Osage]; wa-ʰtse-xi (waʰcéxi) - be difficult, hard, challenging, not easy to do [CQ-Osage]

wa-tse-xi (wacéxi) - be hard, difficult to endure, something difficult, be difficult [Kaw]

little toe

► si-po-za zhi-ka (sippóza žíka) - little toe

► cf. si-po-za (sippóza) - toe; zhi-ka (žíka) - little, small

si-po-za zhi-ka o-ba-taⁿ (sippóza žíka obáttą) - fourth toe, “next to the little toe”

► Dhegiha: si-pa-hi u-zhiⁿ-ga (sipáhi u-zhíⁿga) - little toe [Omaha/Ponca]; si-pa-hi u-a-zhiⁿ-ga (çipáhi uazhiⁿ-ga) - little toe [Omaha]; si-po-hiⁿ-ga (sipóhiⁿga) - little toe [Kaw]

little while

► di-o-za (dióza) - in a little while [JOD]

► di-o-za (dióza) - just now, a short time ago

► ex: o-di-o-za (ódióza) - in a little while [JOD]

► ex: o-di-o-za hi (odiózahí) - in a very little while [JOD]

► ex: naⁿ-zha di-o-za hi o-xde (ną́ža dióza hí oxdé) - then in a very short time he overtook her [JOD]

► ex: naⁿ-zha o-di-o-za hi o-do-tʰe tʰi ki-ha (ną́ža ódióza hí ódotʰe tʰí kihá) - then, in a very short time the man eater had come [JOD]

► ex: bdo-ka o-di-o-za hi o-wa-xde (bdoká odiózahí ówaxde) - in a very short time, he overtook the entire group [JOD]

► e-koⁿ-te zhi-ka (ekǫ́tte žiká) - in a little while, presently

► cf. e-koⁿ-te (ékǫtté) - wait; in a while, presently; zhi-ka (žíka) - small, little; e-koⁿ-te-he (ékǫttehé) - wait; in a while, presently

► ka-chʰoⁿ zhi-ka (kačʰǫ́ žiká) - a little while

► cf. iⁿ-chʰoⁿ (į́čʰǫ) - now; iⁿ-chʰoⁿ hi (į́čʰǫ hi) - now, right now

► Dhegiha: iⁿ-chʰoⁿ (íⁿ-tcaⁿ) - now, at present [JOD-Omaha]; iⁿ-chʰoⁿ-aⁿ-zhi (íⁿ-tcaⁿ-áⁿ-ji) - not now, lately, referring to past time [JOD-Omaha]; iⁿ-chuⁿ (iⁿchuⁿ) - meanwhile, current, now, immediately, abrupt [Omaha]; iⁿ-choⁿ (íⁿ-choⁿ) - at this moment, now, immediately, right away [FL-Osage]; i-tsoⁿ zhiⁿ-ga (í-tsoⁿ-ga zhiⁿ-ga) - little while ago [FL-Osage]

► wa-taⁿ-zhi (watą́ži) - in a little while [JOD]

little, a little to one side

► koi-ta de-de (kóitta déde) - a little to one side

► cf. koi (kói) - there; ta-de-de (-ttadéde) - towards, in the direction of; ta-de-de-do-shi (-ttadédedóši) - towards, in that direction

little, few, some

► zho-wa (žówa) - little [JOD]

► zho-wa (žowá) - few, insufficient, some

► cf. di-zho-wa (dižowá) - lessen

► ex: e-kaⁿ niⁿ zho-wa hi a-te-zhe zhi-ka de-a-de kaⁿ miⁿ-kʰe (éką nį žówa hí atéže žíka deáde ką́-mįkʰé) - so, I uriniated a little bit, I sent a little off as I was sitting there [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ju-ba (djú-ba) - a few, a small quantity [JOD-Omaha]; ju-ba (júba) - a few, a small quantity [Omaha/Ponca]; zhu-pa (zhupa) - few [Omaha]; dsu-ba (dsú-ba) - few, scant, not sufficient [FL-Osage]; cho-pa (čóopa) - little, few, a small amount or number, a little bit [CQ-Osage]; jo-ba (jóba) - some, few, a little, small quantity [Kaw]

little, not a little

► haⁿ-e-aⁿ-zhi (hą́eą́ži), (hą́eąží) - not a little, a great deal [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ she-mi ke wa-ki-shka-te haⁿ-e-aⁿ-zhi wa-saⁿ-de tʰaⁿ naⁿ (kóišǫ́ttą šemí ke wákiškátte hą́eąží wasą́de tʰą́ ną) - then-girl-the plural-played with them-a great deal-she liked (prized) them-the standing-past sign [JOD]

► ex: xa-ke haⁿ-e-aⁿ-zhi niⁿ (γaké hą́eą́ži nį́) - he cried out-not a little-the moving one [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ e-kaⁿ niⁿ wa-haⁿ-niⁿ-ke tʰaⁿ wa-xpa-ni-de haⁿ-e-aⁿ-zhi tʰaⁿ naⁿ (kóišǫ́ttą eką nį́ wahą́nįké tʰą waxpánidé hą́eąží tʰą ną) - then-so-the moving-orphan-the standing-treated her miserably-a great deal-the standing-past sign [JOD]

little, small, young

► zhi-ka (žiká, žíka), zhi-ga (žigá), zhiⁿ-ka (žįká, žį́ka) - small, little, young

► zhi-ka (žiká, žíka), zhi-ga (žigá) - little, small [MS, AG, OM]

► ex: aⁿ-zhiⁿ-ka (ąžįká) - me small [JOD]

► ex: aⁿ-zhiⁿ-ka-ti (ąžįkátti) - when I was small [JOD]

► ex: e zhiⁿ-ka (e žįká) - the little/young one [JOD]

► ex: de zhiⁿ-ka (dé žįká) - this small/young one [JOD]

► ex: i-da-te zhi-ka (idáttežíka) - a man’s father’s younger brother; uncle

► ex: iⁿ-da zhi-ka (įdážika) - younger aunt on mother’s side; mother’s younger sister

► ex: zhi-ka a-shi-oⁿ-he niⁿ-kʰe (žiká ášiǫhé nįkʰé) - the last of the young ones; the youngest one

► ex: mi-zhi-ka (mižíka) - young girl, unmarried female

► ex: naⁿ-haⁿ zhi-ka (ną́hą žiká) - girl who has reached puberty

► ex: o-zhiⁿ-ka (óžįká) - smaller part, something small

► ex: si-ka zhi-ka (síkka žíka) - chick, young chicken

► ex: shi-zhi-ka (šižíka, šižíkka) - baby, child, children

► ex: toⁿwaⁿ zhi-ka (ttǫ́wą žíka), taⁿ-waⁿ zhi-ka (ttą́wą žíka) - small town; name of one of the five original Quapaw towns

► ex: ti-zhe a-ka-spe zhi-ka i-tʰe-da (ttižé ákaspe žíka itʰedá) - shut the door a little!

► ex: e-kaⁿ niⁿ zho-wa hi a-te-zhe zhi-ka de-a-de kaⁿ miⁿ-kʰe (éką nį žówa hí atéže žíka deáde ką́-mįkʰé) - so, I uriniated a little bit, I sent a little off as I was sitting there [JOD]

ex: te-zhe zhi-ka hi-de kaⁿ niⁿ-kʰe i-ya-we, o-do-tʰe niⁿ-kʰe a-te-zhe naⁿ i-ya-we (téže žíka híde ką́-nįkʰé iyáwe, odotʰé nįkʰé áteže ną iyáwe) - as she sat awhile, she urinated a little, she urinated upon the man eater, they say [JOD]

► Dhegiha: zhiⁿ-ga (zhíⁿga) - small, little, child, young, cub [Omaha/Ponca]; zhiⁿ-ga (zhiⁿga) - small, little [Omaha]; zhiⁿ-ga (zhiⁿ-gá) - small, little, young, little children [FL-Osage]; zhiⁿ (žį), zhiⁿ-ka (žįká) - a little, small amount of something, small, little, be little, small, children, little ones, kids [CQ-Osage]; zhiⁿ-ga (zhíⁿga) - be small; small, the young of an animal, a child [Kaw]

live

► ni oⁿ-ka-niⁿ (ni-unkani) - live, exist (vivre) [GI]

► cf. ni (ni) - alive, conscious; oⁿ-ka-niⁿ (ǫ́kanį) - we, continuative moving; aⁿ-ka-niⁿ (ąkanį́) - we have, we keep; o-kniⁿ (oknį́) - sit in, dwell in, live in; aⁿ-kniⁿ (ąknį́) - we be in a place, camp, sit, reside

► ni-de (níde) - save a life, cause to live ► ni-a-de (níade) - I, ni-da-de (nídade) - you

► cf. ni (ni) - alive, conscious; de (de) - cause to, to cause

► Dhegiha: ni-the (ní-¢ĕ) - to cause to live; to save one from death; to preserve him [JOD-Omaha]; ni-the (ní-the) - to permit to live; when captives are brought in, it is the ṭsi-zhu wa-shta-ge gens that makes the decision as to which one may live [FL-Osage]; ni-the (níðe) - allow to live [CQ-Osage]

► ti-ta (tittá) - live, be alive ► aⁿ-ti-ta (ą́titta) - I, di-ti-ta (dítitta) - you

► cf. ki-ti-ta (kitittá) - come to life again, alive again [JOD]

► ex: ma-shtiⁿ-ke ki-ti-ta, i-ya (maštį́ke kitittá, iyá) - the rabbit came to life again, it is said (they say) [JOD]

live coals

► i-ta-na (íttana) - live coals

► cf. ta-xde (táxde) - coals, charcoal

live in

► o-kniⁿ (oknį́) - sit in, dwell in, live in ► o-a-kniⁿ (oáknį) - I, o-da-kniⁿ (odáknį) - you

► cf. kniⁿ (knį), kdiⁿ (kdį) - sit, be in a place, camp, sit, be sitting; o-hi-kniⁿ (ohíknį) - to get into and sit [JOD]; o-ti-kdiⁿ (óttikdį) - village; o-ki-kniⁿ (okkíknį) - sit together, with one another; a-kniⁿ (aknį́) - sit on; kniⁿ-ye (knį́ye) - to have sat, to have dwelt

► ex: wa-jhi-ni a-ki-sho-ka ma-zhaⁿ-ti o-kniⁿ wi-ke (waǰíni ákkišoka mažą́tti oknį́ wiké) - the Americans are very plentiful, lit. “plural are sitting”

► ex: ti xe-tʰe-ti ma-ni-ka di-ko-ko a-taⁿ e-ti o-kniⁿ naⁿ (ttí xetʰétti maníkka dikóko áttą étti oknį́ ną) - in the corner of the lodge, he (toad) digs out the dirt and lives there [JOD]

► ex: zhaⁿ-di-taⁿ-da zhi-ka o-kniⁿ a-taⁿ tʰi-we (žą́dittą́da žiká oknį áttą tʰíwe) - when they arrived they were riding in small wagon [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ sh’a-ke tʰaⁿ ni o-ha wa-taⁿ a-ki-de ta tʰaⁿ naⁿ, koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ maⁿ-te wa-sh’a-ke hi o-kniⁿ a-taⁿ de ta tʰaⁿ naⁿ (kóišǫ́ttą šʔáke tʰą ni ohá wattą́ akíde tta tʰą ną, kóišǫ́ttą mątte wašʔáke hí óknį áttą de tta tʰą ną) - then the old man was about to go after goods along the creek/river, then he sat in his large/broad canoe and was about to go [JOD]

► ex: maⁿ-te o-kniⁿ taⁿ da-we (mątté oknį́ tą dáwe) - they went sitting/riding in a canoe [JOD]

► Dhegiha: u-gthiⁿ (ugthíⁿ) - seat, place to sit, sit in, to sit in something [Omaha/Ponca]; u-gthiⁿ (ú-gthiⁿ) - to occupy a seat [FL-Osage]; o-liⁿ (olį́į) - live in or at, dwell in, inhabit, live within metaphorically, sit in, occupy, be seated on, sit down on, take a seat, ride, ride in [CQ-Osage]; o-liⁿ (olíⁿ) - dwell, live in a place, sit in a place, stay in a place [Kaw]

live together in same tent

► ti-kde (ttikdé) - to set up housekeeping; to live together in same tent; village, collection of lodges

► ex: i-shta-xe sh’a-ke e-ka-xnaⁿ niⁿ-kʰe e-naⁿ-pa ti-kda-wi (ištáxe šʔáke ekáxną nįkʰé enąp͓á ttíkdawí) - the frenchman and his wife, the both of them kept house [JOD)]

► ex: mi-ka ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-naⁿ-pa ti-kde ni-kʰa (mikká maštį́ke enąpa ttíkde nikʰá) - raccoon and rabbit both lived together [JOD]

► ex: ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-kaⁿ naⁿ-pa ti-kde ni-kʰa naⁿ i-ya (maštį́ke eką́ ną́pa ttikdé nikʰa ną iyá) - rabbit and his grandmother, the both of them lived together, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: wa-x’o to-wa ti-kde ni-kʰa naⁿ (waxʔó tówa ttíkde nikʰá ną) - four women were dwelling in a lodge [JOD]

► ex: wa-x’o to-wa ti-kde ha-ki i-da-we, i-he (waxʔó tówa ttíkde hakí idáwe, ihé) - where have the four women that live together gone too, I say [JOD]

► ex: ti-kda-wi (ttíkdawi) - they dwelt in a lodge [JOD]

► ex: ti-kde ta bde (ttikdé tta bdé) - I’m going to my house [OM]

► ex: ti-kde miⁿ ti kʰi (ttíkde mį́-tti kʰí) - he arrived at one lodge [JOD]

► ex: wa-sa ka-hi-ka niⁿ-kʰe a-ni koi-hi-de niⁿ-kʰe-ti ti-kde niⁿ-kʰe (wasá kahíke nįkʰé áni kóihidé-nįkʰétti ttíkde nįkʰé) - the black bear chief dwells in a lodge beyond yonder distant bluff [JOD]

► ex: e-ti a-shka hi ti-kde e-ti-tʰaⁿ-zhi e-te te (étti ašká hi ttíkde ettítʰąží étte tté) - I wonder, is there not a lodge very near [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ tʰe-ti ti-kde ke o-ka-ki-xe-xti zhe i-ya (hǫ tʰetti ttikdé ke okákixe-xti že iyá) - that very night he dunged all around the lodges, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: wa-sa ti-kde ke-ti hi taⁿ (wasá ttikdé ke-tti hi tą) - when he arrived to the black bear lodges [JOD]

► ex: wa-sa ti-kde ke-ti hi naⁿ (wasá ttikdé ke-tti hi ną) - when he arrived to the black bear village [JOD]

► ex: ti-kde-kde (ttíkdekde) - different lodges [JOD]

► ex: ti-kde-kde kʰe a-kde (ttíkdekde kʰe akdé ….) - I go home to the (line of standing) lodges

► Dhegiha: ti-gthe (tígthe) - to live/dwell in a lodge [Omaha/Ponca]; ti-gthe (tigthe) - home [Omaha]; ʰtsi-gthe (ṭsí-gthe) - to reside, to dwell, to set up and keep house [FL-Osage]; ʰtsi-le (ʰcíle) - live, reside, make a home, set up a household, set up housekeeping, house, home, family [CQ-Osage]

live with, stay with someone

► i-kdi-xe (íkdixe) - live with, stay with someone ► i-da-kdi-xe (idákdixé) - I, i-da-kdi-xe (ídakdíxe) - you

► cf. a-di-xe (ádiγe) - marry a man, take a man for a husband; wa-we-di-xe (wawédixe) - refugee, from another tribe; wa-di-xa-zhi (wádiγáži) - unmarried woman, virgin; wa-di-xa-zhi hi (wádiγáži hí) - unmarried woman, spinster

► ex: we-a-kdi-xe a-bdi-shtaⁿ (weákdixe ábdištą́) - I ceased to live with them

► ex: aⁿ-naⁿ-ti-xe (ąną́ttixe) - you stay with me [JOD]

► ex: aⁿ-naⁿ-ti-xe shkoⁿ-ta (ąną́ttixe škǫ́tta) - do you want to live with me? [JOD]

► Dhegiha: u-thi-xe (uthiqe) - a refugee, one who has left his tribe and is staying with another people [Omaha/Ponca]; o-yu-ghe (óyughe) - take refuge in [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: a-thu-xe (á-thu-xe) - to take a husband [FL-Osage]; a-thu-xe (áðuγe) - marry, get married to, take as a husband (gender specific term) [CQ-Osage]; a-yu-ghe (áyughe) - marry a man, take a husband [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: wa-thi-xe (wathixe) - marry, intermarry [Omaha]; wa-ʰk’o wa-thi-xe (wa-ḳ’o wa-thi-xe) - a married woman [FL-Osage]; wa-thu-xe (wá-thu-xe) - to marry, with reference to a woman [FL-Osage]; wa-thi-xe wa-thoⁿ-ska (wá-thi-xe thoⁿ-çka) - marriageable woman [FL-Osage]; wa-thu-xe (wáðuγe) - be or get married, said of a female; wedding, used by bride’s friends or family [CQ-Osage]; we-thu-xe (wéðuγe) - get married, follow a man as his wife, take a husband, marry (said of a woman), wedding [CQ-Osage]; wa-yu-ghe (wáyughe) - marry, get married (female reference only) [Kaw]

live, reside, camp, sit

► kniⁿ (knį), kdiⁿ (kdį) - sit, be in a place, camp, be sitting ► a-kniⁿ (aknį́) - I, da-kniⁿ (daknį́) - you, aⁿ-kniⁿ (ąknį́) - we, I and one other [JOD]; kniⁿ-wi (knį́wi) - they [JOD]

► kniⁿ (knį), kdiⁿ (kdį) - sit [OM]

► cf. a-kniⁿ (aknį́) - sit on; a-kniⁿ (áknį) - chair, seat; kniⁿ-ye (knį́ye) - to have sat, to have dwelt; o-kniⁿ (oknį́) - sit in, dwell in, live in; o-hi-kniⁿ (ohíknį) - to get into and sit [JOD]; o-ti-kdiⁿ (óttikdį) - village; o-ki-kniⁿ (okkíknį) - sit together, with one another

► ex: maⁿ-shi wa-koⁿ-ta kniⁿ niⁿ-kʰe (mąší wakǫ́ta knį nįkʰé) - God is up there (God resides in heaven) [MS]

► ex: ko-zhi hi a-kniⁿ a-ni-he (kkóžihi aknį́ ánihé) - I live way off [MS]

► ex: ko-zhi hi a-kniⁿ ta miⁿ-kʰe (kkóžihi aknį́ tta mįkʰé) - I going to live far away [MS]

► ex: iⁿ-chʰoⁿ mi-aⁿ-ba a-ki-haⁿ a-kniⁿ (į́čʰǫ mią́ba mį́ ákkihą aknį́) - I have now been (here) over a month

► ex: kniⁿ (knį) - Sit down! (command) [MS, AB, OM]

► ex: a-wi-bda-ska a-kniⁿ (áwibdaska áknį́) - I sit close to you

► ex: aⁿ-ta-ska da-kniⁿ (ą́ttaska daknį́) - you sit close to me

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ e-shoⁿ-hi aⁿ-kniⁿ (kóišǫ́ttą ešǫhí ąknį́) - then after awhile we camped [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ aⁿ-ka-ki pa-ze de taⁿ aⁿ-kniⁿ-ti a-zhaⁿ (kóišǫ́ttą ąkáki ppáze dé tą ąknį́-tti ąžą́) - then-we were coming back (or home)-after night-when-we camped-when(where)-we slept [JOD]

► ex: a-di-da-ska kniⁿ (ádidaska knį́) - he sits close to you

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ, pa-ze de taⁿ naⁿ kniⁿ, i-ya-we (kóišǫ́ttą, ppáze dé tą ną knį́ iyáwe) - then, when it became night she camped, they say [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ-tʰaⁿ-hi, “i-ka-xa-ta koi-ta kniⁿ,” i-yi i-ya wa-sa niⁿ-kʰe (hǫ́tʰąhi, “íkaxátta kóitta knį́,” iyí iyá wasá nįkʰé) - then the black bear said, “sit over there on the other side of the lodge,” it is said (they said) [JOD]

► ex: hoⁿ-tʰaⁿ-hi e-ti kniⁿ niⁿ-kʰe, i-ya (hǫ́tʰąhi maštį́ke étti knį́ nįkʰé, iyá) - then the rabbit sat there, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: pa-ze de taⁿ kniⁿ-wi (ppazé dé tą knį́wi) - after dark they camped [JOD]

► Dhegiha: gthiⁿ (gthiⁿ) - to sit [FL-Osage]; liⁿ (lį́į) - sit [CQ-Osage]; liⁿ (liⁿ) -dwell, live, reside [Kaw]

lively

► i-ki-si-si (íkisísi) - to make one active or lively ► aⁿ-naⁿ-ki-si-si (ąną́kisísi) - I, i-di-ki-si-si (ídikisísi) - you

► cf. si-si (sisí) - active; wa-si-si-ke (wasísike) - to be brave; a warrior; po-si-si (pósisí) - pulse; wa-pa-iⁿ kaⁿ po-si-si (wappaį́ kką pósisí) - pulse

► Dhegiha: si-si (çí-çi) - active; brave, stalwart [FL-Osage]; wa-si-si-e (wa-çí-çi-e) - rubber; elastic thing [FL-Osage]; wa-si-si (wasísi) - strong, energetic, elastic [CQ-Osage]; wa-si-si-ge (waçíçige) - clever, tough, lively, emotion, popular [Omaha]; wa-si-si-ge (wa-çí-çi-ge) - brave, valiant, valorous, active, prowess [FL-Osage]; wa-si-si-ge (wasísige) - active, as a warrior [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: zi-zi-ge (çiçige) - springy [Omaha]; zi-zi-ge (zízige) - rubber, elastic [Omaha/Ponca]; ga-zi-zi-ge (gaçiçige) - springy [Omaha]; ha-si-si-ge (haçiçige) - rubber, elastic skin, elastic [Omaha]

liver

► pi (ppi), piu (ppü) - liver

► cf. ta pi (ttappí) - deer’s liver; ho pi (hoppí) - fish liver; pi-zi (ppizí), piu-zi (püzí) - gall, lit. “liver yellow”, possibly from ppi+ozí; wa-zhiⁿ-ka pi-zi (wažį́ka ppízi) - bird’s gall; ho pi-zi (ho ppízi) - fish gall

► Dhegiha: pi (pí), te-pi (tepí) - liver [JOD-Omaha]; te-pi (tepi) - liver of an animal [Omaha/Ponca]; pi (pi) - liver [Omaha]; ʰpi (p̣i), ʰtse-ʰpi (ṭse-p̣i) - liver [FL-Osage]; ʰtse-ʰpu (ʰceʰpú), ʰtse-ʰpe (ʰceʰpé) - liver [CQ-Osage]; tse-pu (cepú) - liver [Kaw]

liver, deer’s liver

► ta pi (ttappí) - deer’s liver

► cf. ta (tta) - deer, meat; pi (ppi), piu (ppü) - liver; ho pi (hoppí) - fish liver

► Dhegiha: pi (pí), te-pi (tepí) - liver [JOD-Omaha]; te-pi (tepi) - liver of an animal [Omaha/Ponca]; pi (pi) - liver [Omaha]; ʰpi (p̣i), ʰtse-ʰpi (ṭse-p̣i) - liver [FL-Osage]; ʰtse-ʰpu (ʰceʰpú), ʰtse-ʰpe (ʰceʰpé) - liver [CQ-Osage]; tse-pu (cepú) - liver [Kaw]

liver, fish liver

► ho pi (hoppí) - fish liver

► cf. ho (ho) - fish; pi (ppi), piu (ppü) - liver; ta pi (ttappí) - deer’s liver; ho pi-zi (ho ppízi) - fish gall

► Dhegiha: ho tse-pu (ho cepú) - fish liver [Kaw]

lizard

► pi-za ni-ka (ppizá nikká) - a small lizard species, one of two known types

► cf. pi-za (ppíza) - sand

► Dhegiha: pi-za-ni-ka (pi zanika) - chameleon lizard [Omaha]

► pi-za ni-ka toⁿ-ka (ppizá nikká ttǫ́ka) - large species of lizard, one of two known types

► cf. pi-za (ppíza) - sand; taⁿ-ka (ttą́ka) - big, large

► Dhegiha: pi-za-ni-ka (pi zanika) - chameleon lizard [Omaha]

load, carry a heavy load

► ski-ke k’iⁿ (skíke kʔį) - carry a heavy load

► cf. ski-ke (skíke) - heavy, heavy weight; k’iⁿ (kʔį) - carry, pack on the back; ski-ke o-skaⁿ-ska (skíke oską́ska) - one half pound, 1/2 lb; i-ski-ke ka-xe (ískike káγe) - pound, lit. “makes weight”; ski-ke miⁿ-xti (skíke mįxti) - one pound, 1 lb

► Dhegiha: ski-ge (skíge) - heavy [Omaha/Ponca]; ski-ge (skige) - heavy [Omaha]; ski-ge (çkí-ge) - heavy [FL-Osage]; ski-ke (skíke) - heavy, tired, weighted down, heavily laden [CQ-Osage]; skiⁿ-ge (skíⁿge) - be heavy [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: i-’iⁿ (í’iⁿ) - a carrying strap, a strap or cord for carrying something on one’s back or for a powder horn [Omaha/Ponca]; ʰk’iⁿ (ḳ’iⁿ) - to carry [FL-Osage]; k’iⁿ (kʔį́) - carry, carry on the back [CQ-Osage]; k’iⁿ (k’iⁿ) - pack on the back, carry on the back [Kaw]

loan, lend

► o-k’i (okʔí) - lend something; give food to someone ► o-a-k’i (oákʔi) - I, o-da-k’i (odákʔi) - you, oⁿ-ko-k’i-we (ǫkókʔiwe) - we

► cf. k’i (kʔi) - give something to someone; o-k’i (ókʔi) - make offering or sacrifice; ki-k’i (kíkʔi) - give back, return; ki-k’i (kikʔí) - give to one’s own (kin)

► Dhegiha: u-’i (u’í) - to lend anything, to lend something [Omaha/Ponca]; u-’i (ui) - loan, lend, treat [Omaha]; u-ʰk’i (u-ḳ’í) - to lend [FL-Osage]; o-k’u (okʔú) - lend, give, provide, furnish, supply [CQ-Osage]

► Dhegiha: u-’i (ú’i) - to give food to another [Omaha/Ponca]; u-ʰki (ú-ḳí) - to feed [FL-Osage]; o-k’u (ókʔu) - give, provide, furnish, give stuff to someone, feed, giving, giveaway, event of giving or giving away [CQ-Osage]

lobe, ear lobe

► naⁿ-ta o-shtaⁿ-ka (nąttá oštąká) - ear lobe

► cf. naⁿ-ta (nąttá) - ear, the external ear; shtoⁿ-ka (štǫká) - soft; pa-zhiⁿ-zhe o-shtaⁿ-ka (ppažį́že oštą́ka) - nose, tip, “soft part”; wa-shtaⁿ-ka (waštą́ka) - green corn; di-shtoⁿ-ka (dištǫ́ka) - hold a soft object; a-bi-shtaⁿ-ka (ábištąka) - sit softly on, as when a horse is saddled with a blanket

► Dhegiha: ni-ta u-shtoⁿ-ga (nita ushtoⁿga) - ear lobe [Omaha]; u-shtoⁿ-ga (ushtóⁿga) - soft part, any soft part [Omaha/Ponca]; shtoⁿ-ga (shtoⁿga) - soft [Omaha]; shtoⁿ-ga (shtoⁿ-ga) - soft [FL-Osage]; shtoⁿ-ka (štǫ́ka) - soft [CQ-Osage]; shtoⁿ-ga (shtoⁿgá) - be soft [Kaw]

location, ambush location

► o-wa-di-te (ówadítte) - ambush location, “place at which to cross them”

► cf. o (ó) - locative, place at which, culmination of, wherein a certain thing takes place; wa (wa) - things, stuff, people, folks, them; di-te (ditté) - cross a stream; ni di-te-de (ní dittéde) - ford a stream; wa-di-te (wadítte) - Crosses Stream, Harry Crawfish, male personal name [MS]; wa-di-te (wad^¢ítĕ) - masculine name, Crosses Stream, Harry Crawfish [JOD]; o-zhoⁿ-ke a-ki-di-te (ožǫ́ke ákkiditte) - cross roads; a-ki-di-te (ákkiditte) - crossing each other; a-ki-di-te-te (ákkidittétte) - crisscrossed; interlaced, as boughs, vines, etc.; a-ki-di-te-te i-tʰe-de (ákkidittette itʰéde) - to place a number of objects so that they cross one another

► Dhegiha: thi-te (¢i-t͓é) - to cross, as a stream [JOD-Omaha]; ni u-thi-ʰtse (ni-ú-thi-ṭse) - to cross a ford [FL-Osage]; yu-tse (yucé) - cross, as a stream [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: a-kʰi-thi-te u-ga-doⁿ (ákʰithíte ugádoⁿ) - to nail on crosswise, to crucify [Omaha/Ponca]; a-ʰki-thi-tse (á-ḳi-thi-tse) - that which lies across the breast [FL-Osage]

location, be in a location, exist

► niⁿ (nį) - be in a location, exist ► bniⁿ (bnį́) - I, tiⁿ (ttį́) - you, oⁿ-niⁿ-we (ǫnį́we) - we

► ex: de-do-taⁿ bniⁿ (dedótą bnį́), de-ke-ti-taⁿ bniⁿ (déketítaⁿ bnį́) - I am Dhegiha [JOD]

► Dhegiha: thiⁿ (¢iⁿ) - to be [Omaha/Ponca]; niⁿ (nį́), thiⁿ (ðį́) - be a certain way, live as, exist as, be characterized by the immediately preceding word or phrase, which may be a noun phrase [CQ-Osage]; yiⁿ (yiⁿ) - to be, to be so, to be such a one, indicates permanent or long-term condition [Kaw]

location, southeast location or direction

► a-ka-hi-da-ta-de-de (ákahídattadéde) - southeast, location, direction

► cf. a-ka-hi-da (ákahída) - downstream, downwind, with the wind or current; a-ka-hi-da (akahidah) - New Orleans (Nouvelle Orléans) [GI]; ta-de-de (-ttadéde) - towards, in the direction of; a-ka-hi-da o-ka-xde (ákahída okáxde) - facing downstream; with his back to the wind; mi o-xpe-ta-de-de (mí oxpéttadéde) - southwest, “towards sunset”; mi o-ti-naⁿ-be-ta-de-de (mi óttiną́bettadéde) - northeast, “sun - rise (view) - towards”; o-sni-hi-ta-de-de (osnihíttadéde) - northwest, “whence the cold comes”; ta-de-de-do-shi (-ttadédedóši) - towards, in that direction; mi o-xpe-ta-de-de-do-shi (mi óxpettadédedóši) - on the west side

► Dhegiha: ni-u-ga-hi-tha (ni-ú-ga-hi-tha) - flow of water; a torrent; a current; the flow of a stream [FL-Osage]

location, to a location

► ta-ti (-ttáti) - to a location

► cf. ta (tta) - to, at, toward, in that direction; ti (-tti) - at, by, in; locative

► ex: Baxter ta-ti (Baxter-ttáti) - to Baxter Springs

► Dhegiha: ta (-ta) - at, to [Omaha/Ponca]; ta (-ta) - suffix of position or of motion to a place; at; to [JOD-Omaha]; ʰta (ṭa) - in that direction [FL-Osage]; ʰta (ʰta) - toward, in the direction of, from, into [CQ-Osage]; ta (-ta) - in, at, towards: locative added to nouns or adverbs to create an adverb [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: di (-di) - in, to, at [JOD-Omaha]; dsi (dsi) - there, designating place [FL-Osage]; tsi (ci) - in, to, at [CQ-Osage]; ji (-ji), jhi (-ǰi) - to, at, in [Kaw]

lock

► ti-zhe i-si-ze knaⁿ (ttižé isíze kną) - lock; lit. “holds door firm”

► cf. ti-zhe (ttižé) - door, entrance to a lodge; i (i) - by means of, with which to; si-ze (síze) - hard, difficult, to be firm; knaⁿ (kną) - set, put

lock arms

► a o-doⁿ-de (a odǫ́de) - to lock arms [JOD]

► ex: a o-doⁿ-de (a odǫ́de) - he locked arms [JOD]

► ex: to-si a o-doⁿ-de a-taⁿ ti-a-ti a-niⁿ kdi (tosí a odǫ́de [oną́de?] áttą ttiátti anį́ kdi) - under the arms-he locked arms-and-to the lodge-he brought her back [JOD]

► Dhegiha: u-thoⁿ (úthoⁿ) - arrest, grab, to take hold of or arrest them [Omaha/Ponca]; u-thoⁿ (uthóⁿ) - grasp, seize, hold, grab, to grasp or seize an animal or inanimate object [Omaha/Ponca]; u-thoⁿ (uthoⁿ) - catch, caught, clench, clasp, grasp, hold, handle [Omaha]; u-thoⁿ (u-thoⁿ) - to seize, to hold [FL-Osage]

lock, plaited scalp lock

► no-x’e-saⁿ (noxʔésą), na-x’e-saⁿ (naxʔésą) - plaited scalp lock

► Dhegiha: soⁿ (çoⁿ) - to braid [FL-Osage]; saⁿ (saⁿ) - plaited, braided [Kaw]

locomotive

► pe-te zhoⁿ-di-taⁿ-da (ppétte žǫ́dittą́da) - locomotive, lit. “fire wagon”

► cf. pe-te (ppétte) - fire; zhaⁿ-di-taⁿ-da (žą́dittą́da) - wagon, “running wood”; zhaⁿ (žą), zhoⁿ (žǫ) - wood, tree; o-di-taⁿ-da (odíttąda) - turn something, pull around

► ex: zhoⁿ-di-taⁿ-da zhi-ka o-kniⁿ a-taⁿ ti-we (žǫ́dittą́da žiká oknį átą tíwe) - they came riding in a small wagon [JOD]

► Dhegiha: thi-ʰtoⁿ-tha (thi-ṭoⁿ́-tha) - to roll [FL-Osage]; u-thi-ʰtoⁿ-tha (u-thí-ṭoⁿ-tha) - anything propelled by rolling, a wagon, buggy, a carriage [FL-Osage]; o-thi-taⁿ (oðíʰtą) - car, wagon [CQ-Osage]; i-taⁿ-yaⁿ (ítaⁿyaⁿ) - wagon, cart [Kaw]; o-yu-taⁿ-ya (oyútaⁿya), o-yu-taⁿ-ya (óyutaⁿya) - wagon, cart [Kaw]

► pe-te zhoⁿ di-taⁿ-da so-te (pétte žǫ́ ditądá soté) - railroad engine [JOD]

► zhoⁿ di-taⁿ-da so-te (žǫ́ dittą́da sotté) - train, “wagon go fast” [MS]

► cf. pe-te (ppétte) - fire; zhaⁿ-di-taⁿ-da (žą́dittą́da) - wagon, “running wood”; zhaⁿ (žą), zhoⁿ (žǫ) - wood, tree; o-di-taⁿ-da (odíttąda) - turn something, pull around; so-te (sotté) - fast, swift of an animal

► Dhegiha: pe-de (péde) - fire, match [Omaha/Ponca]; ʰpe-dse (p̣é-dse) - fire [FL-Osage]; ʰpe-tse (ʰpéece) - fire, cooking fire, meeting fire, cooking stove gas fire [CQ-Osage]; pe-je (péje) - fire [Kaw]

► pe-te zhoⁿ-di-taⁿ-da ti (ppétte žǫ́dittą́da ttí) - train, lit. “fire wagon house”

► cf. pe-te (ppétte) - fire; zhaⁿ-di-taⁿ-da (žą́dittą́da) - wagon, “running wood”; zhaⁿ (žą), zhoⁿ (žǫ) - wood, tree; o-di-taⁿ-da (odíttąda) - turn something, pull around; ti (tti) - house, tent, dwelling

► Dhegiha: zhoⁿ (zhoⁿ) - wood, tree, yard of cloth, span of horses [Omaha/Ponca]; zhoⁿ (zhoⁿ) - wood, a tree, fuel [FL-Osage]; zhaⁿ (žą́ą) - tree, log, wood, lumber, stick, pole, woods, forest [CQ-Osage]; zhaⁿ (zhaⁿ) - wood, a tree, or log [Kaw]

► pe-te zhoⁿ-di-taⁿ-da o-zhoⁿ-ke (ppétte žǫ́dittą́da ožǫke) - railway lit. “fire wagon road”

► cf. pe-te (ppétte) - fire; zhaⁿ-di-taⁿ-da (žą́dittą́da) - wagon, “running wood”; zhaⁿ (žą), zhoⁿ (žǫ) - wood, tree; o-di-taⁿ-da (odíttąda) - turn something, pull around; o-zhoⁿ-ke (ožǫ́ke) - road

► Dhegiha: u-zhoⁿ-ge (uzhoⁿge) - road [Omaha]; u-zhoⁿ-ge (u-zhoⁿ-ge) - a trail, a path, a route to be taken, a thoroughfare, a road [FL-Osage]; o-zhaⁿ-ke (óžąke) - road, highway, thoroughfare, route, path, pathway, orbit [CQ-Osage]; o-zhaⁿ-ge (ozháⁿge) - road, line of fireplaces in a camp [Kaw]

locust

► wa-si-ta ho-taⁿ (wásittá hottą́) - locust

► Dhegiha: wa-si-da (wa-sí-da) - the latter part of taⁿ - harvest time, when the corn is hard enough to pull; hard, as ripe corn, etc. [JOD-Omaha]; wa-si-da (wa-çí-da) - the ripening of the corn; the harvest [FL-Osage]; wa-su-taⁿ (wasúutą) - vegetable, greens, garden produce, lit., “ripe stuff” [CQ-Osage]; wa-su-da-be (wasúdabe) - midsummer, approx. July; “month when the corn is hard” [Kaw]; wa-su-da (wasúda) - hard, firm, as corn [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: hu tʰoⁿ (hútʰoⁿ) - to cry out, roar, bellow, said of the cries of all animals except humans and hogs [Omaha]; ho-ʰtoⁿ (hóṭoⁿ) - the cry or call of animals or birds [FL-Osage]; ho-ʰtaⁿ (hóoʰtą) - yell, holler, shout, lit., “loud voice”, sing or sound out, make a loud sound, make animal sounds [CQ-Osage]; ho-taⁿ (hótaⁿ) - cry of an animal; an animal’s characteristic cry, a single term used to convey notions such as roar, bellow, whinny, caw, etc. [Kaw]

lodge

► ti (tti) - house, tent, dwelling, lodge

► ti (tti) - house [MS, MR, AB]

► ti (tih) - house, hut, shack (maison, cabane) [GI]

► cf. i-ti (ítti) - home which is of, made by, made of; wa-hi-ska i-ti (wahíska ítti) - tent, canvas, “house of canvas/cloth”; o-ti (ottí) - house for, house of, house to; maⁿ-shi o-ki o-ti (mą́ši okkí ótti) - church, “house to talk above”; wa-pi-na o-ti (wappína ótti) - council house of a gens; shoⁿ-ke a-kniⁿ o-ti (šǫ́keáknį ottí) - stable, barn, “house for horses”

► ex: ti wi-ta (tti wítta) - my house [MS]

► ex: ti wi-ta ti da-tʰi koⁿ-bda zhi (tti wítta tti datʰí kkǫbdá ži) - I don’t want you coming around my house [MS]

► ex: hi-bde taⁿ, ti wi-ta ti da-tʰi koⁿ-bda zhi (hibdé tą, tti wítta tti datʰí kkǫbdá ži) - when I’m gone, don’t you come around my house [MS]

► ex: ti tʰe ha-naⁿ-ska e (tti tʰe hánąska e) - how big is the house?

► ex: a-ki-kniⁿ-xti ti tʰe-ti hi-we i-ya (ákkiknį́xti ttí tʰétti híwe iyá) - they went to the lodge, crowding together, sitting upon one another, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: ti de wi-k’i (tti dé wikʔí) - I give you this lodge [JOD]

► ex: aⁿ-da-ki-tiⁿ da-kdi naⁿ ti de wi-k’i te (ądákittį́ dakdí ną tti dé wikʔí tte) - when you have taken her (have her) for me and return here I will give you this lodge [JOD]

► ex: aⁿ-da-ki-tiⁿ da-kdi te koi-shoⁿ naⁿ ti de wi-k’i te (ądákittį dakdí tté kóišǫ́ ną ttí dé wikʔí tte) - when you bring her (my own) back to me, I will give you this lodge [JOD]

► ex: ti tʰe ki-k’i a-taⁿ i-de (ttí tʰe kikʔí áttą idé) - he gave his own lodge to him and departed [JOD]

► ex: iⁿ-kdaⁿ, be ti di-k’i niⁿ-haⁿ (įkdą́, be ttí dikʔí nįhą) - first son, who would give you a lodge [JOD]

► ex: ti aⁿ-k’i (ttí ąkʔí) - he gave a lodge to me [JOD]

► ex: ti aⁿ-k’i-we (ttí ąkʔíwe) - they have given the lodge to me [JOD]

► ex: ti xe-tʰe-ti ma-ni-ka di-ko-ko a-taⁿ e-ti o-kniⁿ naⁿ (ttí xetʰétti maníkka dikóko áttą étti oknį́ ną) - in the corner of the lodge, he (toad) digs out the dirt and lives there [JOD]

► ex: ti miⁿ-ti a-kʰi naⁿ (tti mį́tti akʰí ną) - when I arrive back to a lodge [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ ti tʰe-ti zho-kde kʰi (kóišǫ́ttą ttí tʰettí žókde kʰí) - then he arrived at the lodge with him [JOD]

► ex: ki-ha-ti ti maⁿ-tʰe kʰi-we (kihátti ttí mą́tʰe kʰíwe) - down below within the lodge, they arrived there [JOD]

► ex: ti koi-ke ni-xi-te ni-ka-we (ttí kóike niγítte nikáwe) - those lodges over there, those people are disobedient [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ ti o-do-ba-ki-xe di-xe naⁿ i-ya-we, ma-shtiⁿ-ke di-ze i-ya-we (kóišǫ́ttą tti odóbakíxe dixé ną iyáwe, maštį́ke dizé iyáwe) - then he chased the rabbit around in a circle within the lodge, and caught the rabbit, they say [JOD]

► ex: ti tʰe-ta da-kʰi taⁿ (ttí tʰettá dakʰí tą) - lodge-to the-you reach home-when [JOD]

► ex: e-shoⁿ ti tʰe-ta kʰi naⁿ i-ya (ešǫ́ ttí tʰétta kʰí ną iyá) - then, when he returned to his home, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: i-naⁿ-paⁿ te na-ha ti ke ni-xi-te ni-ka-we i-yi iya (ínąpą́ tté nahá tti ke niγítte nikáwe iyí iyá) - a second time she said, “do not go to those lodges, they are disobedient,” they say [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ti (ti) - house, lodge, tent, tipi, dwelling [Omaha/Ponca]; ti (ti) - house, coop, building, shelter, cottage, barracks [Omaha]; ʰtsi (ṭsi) - house, dwelling, hovel [FL-Osage]; ʰtsi (ʰcí) - house, nest, camp, make camp [CQ-Osage]; tsi (ci) - tent, lodge, house [Kaw]

lodge, enter as a lodge

► o-pʰe (opʰé) - enter, as a lodge ► o-a-pʰe (oápʰe) - I, o-da-pʰe (odápʰe) - you, oⁿ-ko-pa-we (ǫkóPawe) - we

► Dhegiha: u-pe (u-p͓é) - to enter, as a lodge or room; entering [JOD-Omaha]; u-ʰpe (u-p̣é) - to enter [FL-Osage]; o-ʰpe (oʰpé) - enter or go in/into, enter formally as into a peyote meeting [CQ-Osage]; o-pʰe (ophé) - enter [RR-Kaw]

lodge, entrance to a lodge

► ti-zhe (ttíže), (ttižé) - door, entrance to a lodge

► ti-zhe (ttižé) - door [MS]

► ti-zhe (ttižé) - door flap [JOD]

► ti-zhe (tigeh) - door (porte) [GI]

► cf. naⁿ-za ti-zhe (ną́za ttíže) - gate; ti-zhe ba-si (ttíže basí) - door frame; ti-zhe i-da-kdaⁿ (ttíže idákdą) - door flap; ti-zhe i-si-ze knaⁿ (ttižé isíze kną) - lock, lit. “holds door firm”

► ex: ti-zhe di-a-ze (ttižé diáze) - she pulled the door flap aside, she opened the door [JOD]

► ex: ti-zhe a-ka-spe zhi-ka i-tʰe-de (ttižé ákaspe žíka itʰéde) - to shut the door a little

► ex: ti-zhe a-ka-spe zhi-ka i-tʰe-da (ttižé ákaspe jíka itʰedá) - shut the door a little!

► ex: ti-zhe ti hi na-zhiⁿ a-taⁿ xa-ke koⁿ-ze tʰaⁿ naⁿ i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (ttíže tti hi nažį́ attą γaké kǫ́ze tʰą ną iyá maštį́ke) - the rabbit arrived to the entrance of the lodge and stood there, pretending to cry, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: a-shi-ti hi te-ti ti-zhe o-ka-ki-xe-xti zhe i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke niⁿ (ášitti hi téti ttíže okákixe-xti že iyá maštį́ke nį) - when the rabbit went outside, he defecated all around the entrance of the lodge, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ti-zhe-be (tizhébe) - door, doorway, entrance to a tent, lodge, or house [Omaha/Ponca]; ti-zhe-be (tízhebe) - door, doorway, arch, oval door [Omaha]; ʰtsi-zhe (ṭsí-zhe), ʰtsi-zhe-be (ṭsí-zhe-be) - the door of a house or tipi [FL-Osage]; ʰtsi-zhe (ʰcižé) - door [CQ-Osage]; ʰtsi-zhe-pe (ʰcižépe) - doorway, threshold, formal, used especially for God's doorway at funerals [CQ-Osage]; tsi-zhe-be (cizhébe) - door, doorway [Kaw]

lodge, face the back of the lodge

► a-shi-to-ka-xde (ašíttokáxde) - face the back of the lodge ► a-shi-to-a-ka-xde (ašíttoakaxde) - I, a-shi-to-da-ka-xde (ašíttodakaxde) - you

► cf. a-shi-ta (ašítta) - behind; at or to the back or rear; o-ka-xde (okáxde) - face a certain direction, face a direction, facing towards; a-shi-ta maⁿ-niⁿ (ašitta mąnį) - to walk behind; a-shi-ta ki-maⁿ-niⁿ (ašitta kímąnį) - to walk behind him/it; she-to a-shi-ta de-tʰaⁿ (šétto ašítta détʰą) - this boy standing behind (you)

► Dhegiha: ha-shi-ʰta (há-shi-ṭa) - rear, in the rear, in times past [FL-Osage]; ha-shi-ʰta (haašíʰta) - last, past, back in time, ago, those long ago, those old ones, before, earlier, in the past [CQ-Osage]; ha-shi-ta (hashíta) - behind, in the rear [Kaw]

lodge, into the house, in the lodge

► ti-a-ti (ttiátti) - in the house, into the house

► ex: ti-a-ti (ttiátti) - in the lodge, into the house [JOD]

► ex: ti-a-ti kda (ttíatti kdá) - go in the house! [MS]

► ex: ti-a-ti o-ka-xnaⁿ-xnaⁿ (ttiátti ókaxnąxną́) - different articles in the lodge [JOD]

► ex: e e-ta taⁿ-ha kdi-ze a-taⁿ ti-a-ti kaⁿ a-kda-niⁿ de (é ettá tąhá kdíze áttą ttiátti ką ákdanį́ dé) - it was hers-because-she took her own-and-into the house-so-she carried her own [JOD]

► ex: to-si a o-doⁿ-de a-taⁿ ti-a-ti a-niⁿ kdi (tosí a odǫ́de [oną́de] áttą ttiátti anį́ kdi) - under the arms-he locked arms-and-to the lodge-he brought her back [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ti-a-di (tíadi) - in house, in the house or lodge [Omaha/Ponca]; ti-a-di (tíadi) - inside a house [Omaha]

lodge, move one’s lodge a distance

► ki-kdi-ha (kkikdíha) - move one’s lodge a distance

► cf. ti-di-ha (ttidíha) - move one’s household

lodge, wall or side of a lodge

► ti xi-te (tti xítte) - wall, side of a lodge

► cf. ti di-we (tti díwe) - wall or side of a house; ti-ha (ttíha) - wall [JOD]

► ex: ti xi-te kʰe (tti xítte-kʰe) - the wall

► Dhegiha: ʰtsi-xiⁿ-dse (ṭsi-xiⁿ-dse) - an old term, which is understood to mean either end of a long house, the Osage house built for two families has two fireplaces, one at each end, to two ends of this long room are called by this term [FL-Osage]

lodges, collection of lodges

► ti-kde (ttikdé) - to set up housekeeping, to live together in same tent, village, collection of lodges

► ex: ti-kde ta bde (ttikdé tta bdé) - I’m going to my house [OM]

► ex: ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-kaⁿ naⁿ-pa ti-kde ni-kʰa naⁿ i-ya (maštį́ke eką́ ną́pa ttikdé nikʰa ną iyá) - rabbit and his grandmother, the both of them lived together, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: mi-ka ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-naⁿ-pa ti-kde ni-kʰa (mikká maštį́ke enąpa ttíkde nikʰá) - raccoon and rabbit both lived together [JOD]

► ex: wa-x’o to-wa ti-kde ni-kʰa naⁿ (waxʔó tówa ttíkde nikʰá ną) - four women were dwelling in a lodge [JOD]

► ex: ti-kda-wi (ttíkdawi) - they dwelt in a lodge [JOD]

► ex: ti-kde miⁿ ti kʰi (ttíkde mį́-tti kʰí) - he arrived at one lodge [JOD]

► ex: wa-sa ka-hi-ka niⁿ-kʰe a-ni koi-hi-de niⁿ-kʰe-ti ti-kde niⁿ-kʰe (wasá kahíke nįkʰé áni kóihidé-nįkʰétti ttíkde nįkʰé) - the black bear chief dwells in a lodge beyond yonder distant bluff [JOD]

► ex: e-ti a-shka hi ti-kde e-ti-tʰaⁿ-zhi e-te te (étti ašká hi ttíkde ettítʰąží étte tté) - I wonder, is there not a lodge very near [JOD]

► ex: i-shta-xe sh’a-ke e-ka-xnaⁿ niⁿ-kʰe e-naⁿ-pa ti-kda-wi (ištáxe šʔáke ekáxną nįkʰé enąp͓á ttíkdawí) - the frenchman and his wife, the both of them kept house’ (JOD)]

► ex: hoⁿ tʰe-ti ti-kde ke o-ka-ki-xe-xti zhe i-ya (hǫ tʰetti ttikdé ke okákixe-xti že iyá) - that very night he dunged all around the lodges, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: wa-sa ti-kde ke-ti hi taⁿ (wasá ttikdé ke-tti hi tą) - when he arrived to the black bear lodges [JOD]

► ex: wa-sa ti-kde ke-ti hi naⁿ (wasá ttikdé ke-tti hi ną) - when he arrived to the black bear village [JOD]

► ex: ti-kde-kde (ttíkdekde) - different lodges [JOD]

► ex: ti-kde-kde kʰe a-kde (ttíkdekde kʰe akdé ….) - I go home to the (line of standing) lodges

► Dhegiha: ti-gthe (tígthe) - to live/dwell in a lodge [Omaha/Ponca]; ti-gthe (tigthe) - home [Omaha]; ʰtsi-gthe (ṭsí-gthe) - to reside, to dwell, to set up and keep house [FL-Osage]; ʰtsi-le (ʰcíle) - live, reside, make a home, set up a household, set up housekeeping, house, home, family [CQ-Osage]

log

► zhaⁿ kʰe (žą́ kʰe) - the log, “the lying wood”

► cf. zhaⁿ (žą), zhoⁿ (žǫ) - wood, tree; kʰe (kʰe) - the singular/lying/animate or inanimate; zhaⁿ tʰe (žą́ tʰe) - the tree

► Dhegiha: zhoⁿ ke (zhóⁿ ke) - log [FL-Osage]; zhaⁿ kshe (žą́ą kshe) - tree (lying down) [CQ-Osage]; zhaⁿ khe (zháⁿ khe) - log, lit. “horizontal wood” [Kaw]

long ago

► ti-aⁿ-he (ttią́he) - long ago

► ti-aⁿ-hi (ttią́hi) - a long time, a very long time, long ago, for a long time [JOD]

► ex: e-kaⁿ niⁿ-kʰe-ti ti-aⁿ-hi ki-zhi i-ya ma-shti-ke (eką́ nį́kʰétti ttią́hi kíži iyá maštį́ke) - the rabbit had not returned to his grandmother for a long time, it is said (they say) [JOD]

► ex: de-do ti-aⁿ-hi kaⁿ-miⁿ-kʰe maⁿ (dédo ttią́hi ką́-mįkʰé mą́) - I have been dwelling here a very long time [JOD]

► ti-aⁿ-ti (ttią́tti) - in the olden times, old time [JOD]

► cf. ti-aⁿ-zhi (ttią́ži) - not a long time, soon [JOD]

► ex: ti-aⁿ-ti taⁿ (ttią́tti tą) - in the olden times-when [JOD]

► ex: ti-aⁿ-ti e-koⁿ pa naⁿ i-ya-we (ttiąttí ekǫ́ pá ną iyáwe) - in the olden times they were like that, they say [JOD]

► ex: koi-shoⁿ pa naⁿ, ti-aⁿ-ti we-da-niⁿ pa naⁿ (kóišǫ pá ną, ttią́tti wédanį pá ną) - that is how they did/were, in the olden times that’s how they dressed [JOD]

long ago, walk in the trail of another made long ago

► a-shi-oⁿ-he o-ki-si-kde (ášiǫhé ókisikdé) - walk in the trail of another made long ago ► a-shi-oⁿ-he o-a-ki-si-a-kde (ášiǫhé oákisiakdé) - I, a-shi-oⁿ-he o-da-ki-si-da-kde (ášiǫhé odákisidakdé) - you, a-shi-oⁿ-he oⁿ-ko-ki-si-oⁿ-kda-we (ášiǫhé ǫkókisiǫkdáwe) - we

► cf. a-shi-oⁿ-he (ášiǫhe) - last of a party or series; a-shi-aⁿ-he (ášią́he) - afterward, behind, or after him [JOD]; si-kde (sikdé) - footprint, trail, track

► Dhegiha: ha-shi (háci) - last, after [JOD-Omaha]; ha-shi (hashi) - last [Omaha]; ha-shi (há-shi) - end, the last, omega [FL-Osage]; ha-shi (haaší) - last, in the back of, behind [CQ-Osage]; ha-shi (háshi) - last, tail end [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: si-gthe (sigthé) - footprint, track, trail, the track or trail of a person or animal [Omaha/Ponca]; si-gthe (çi-gthe), (çi-gthé) - track, footprint [FL-Osage]; ʰta si-le ʰtawaⁿ (ʰtaasílee ʰtaáwą) - Tulsa, Oklahoma, literally, deer crossing town [CQ-Osage]; si-dle (sidlé), si-le (silé), (síle) - footprints, a trail [Kaw]

long distance, long way

► ko-zhi hi (kkóžihi) - far away, very far

► ko-zhi hi (kkóži hi) - way off, far away [MS]

► ex: ko-zhi hi a-kniⁿ a-ni-he (kkóžihi aknį́ ánihé) - I live way off [MS]

► ex: ko-zhi hi a-kniⁿ ta miⁿ-kʰe (kkóžihi aknį́ tta mįkʰé) - I going to live far away [MS]

► ex: ko-zhi hi bde ta miⁿ-kʰe (kkóži hi bdé tta mįkʰé) - I go a long ways (I will be going very far away) [MS]

► ex: ko-zhi hi taⁿ o-xde naⁿ t’e-da-we i-ya (kkóži hí-tą oxdé ną tʔédawé iyá) - they went a long distance, when they overtook him, they killed him, they say [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ku-zhi (k͓ú-ji) - see we-a-hi-de (weahide) - far at a distance [JOD-Omaha]; ku-zhi-ki-ki (k͓u-jí-ki-kí) - to be far apart [JOD-Omaha]; ʰku-zhi (ḳú-zhi) - far away, at a great distance [FL-Osage]; ʰko-zhi si-gthe (ḳó-zhi-çi-gthe) - tracks - far - away, Personal name [FL-Osage]; ʰko-zhi moⁿ-iⁿ (ḳó-zhi-moⁿ-iⁿ) - travels-in-distant-lands, Personal name [FL-Osage]; go-ji (gojí) - far off, remote, long way off [Kaw]

► ko-zhi (kkóži) - far

► ko-zhi (kkóži) - far [JOD]

► ex: mi ko-zhi (mi kkóži) - Sun Way Off, female personal name [MS]

► ex: kkóži dáži hi bdíze) - it didn’t go very far, I caught it [JOD]

► Dhegiha: ku-zhi (k͓ú-ji) - see we-a-hi-de (weahide) - far at a distance [JOD-Omaha]; ku-zhi-ki-ki (k͓u-jí-ki-kí) - to be far apart [JOD-Omaha]; ʰku-zhi (ḳú-zhi) - far away, at a great distance [FL-Osage]; ʰko-zhi si-gthe (ḳó-zhi-çi-gthe) - tracks - far - away, Personal name [FL-Osage]; ʰko-zhi moⁿ-iⁿ (ḳó-zhi-moⁿ-iⁿ) - travels-in-distant-lands, Personal name [FL-Osage]; go-ji (gojí) - far off, remote, long way off [Kaw]

long enough

► she-tʰaⁿ (šetʰą) - long enough, a certain length

► cf. de-tʰoⁿ (detʰǫ́), de-tʰaⁿ (detʰą́) - this long, this much; ka-tʰaⁿ (katʰą́) - that long, of that length; kaⁿ-ze a-tʰaⁿ (kką́ze átʰą) - of equal length; miⁿ-de-tʰoⁿ (mįdétʰǫ), miⁿ-de-toⁿ (mįdéttǫ) - half that length

long ridge, ridge

► a-ni bda bda (áni bdá bda) - ridge, long ridge

► cf. a-ni (áni) - hill; bda-bda (bdábda) - raised; ti-he bda-bda (ttíhe bdabdá) - roof, edge of roof; a-ni kaⁿ-ha (áni kką́ha) - edge of hill; a-ni pa-si-kde (áni ppasíkde) - hill with sharp peak; a-ni shta-ha (áni štáha) - hill with round top; a-ni shta-shta-ha (áni štaštáha) - round topped hills in series

► ex: a-ni bda bda tʰe (áni bdá bda tʰe) - the ridge

► Dhegiha: a-thiⁿ (áthiⁿ) - hillside, ridge [Omaha]; a-thiⁿ (á¢iⁿ) - ridge [JOD-Omaha]; a-thiⁿ (á-thiⁿ) - a ridge or divide [FL-Osage]; a-yiⁿ (áyiⁿ) - ridge, divide [Kaw]

long skirt, skirt, dress

► wa-tʰe (watʰé) - skirt, long skirt, dress

► wa-tʰe (watʰé) - dress [MS, OM]

► cf. maⁿ-tʰe wa-tʰe (mą́tʰe watʰé) - slip, undergarment; wa-tʰe di-shiⁿ (watʰé díšį) - apron [OM]

► ex: a-shi a-toⁿ-we taⁿ a-hi-pʰe, maⁿ-da hi a-zhaⁿ, wa-tʰe aⁿ-ka-ze hi kaⁿ hi a-zhaⁿ, e-shoⁿ t’e paⁿ-ze miⁿ-kʰe (áši atǫ́we tą ahipʰé, mąda hí ažą́, watʰé ąkaze hí ką́ hi ažą́, éšǫ́ tʔe ppą́ze mįkʰe) - when I looked back I fell down, I laid there on my back, my dress flew up on me, so I laid there pretending to be dead [JOD]

► ex: wa-tʰe naⁿ ki-ka-ze kaⁿ-kʰe i-ya-we (watʰé ną kikáze ką-ké iyáwe) - dress-only(?)-it flew up on her-she lay so for awhile (or, doing nothing)-they say [JOD]

► ex: wa-x’o naⁿ-haⁿ ke wa-tʰe shte-ka i-niⁿ pa naⁿ (waxʔó nąhą́ ke watʰé šteká inį́ pa ną́) - grown women wore short dresses [JOD]

► ex: wa-tʰe koⁿ-bda (watʰé kkǫbdá) - I want a dress [OM]

► ex: wa-tʰe shkoⁿ-ta (watʰé škǫttá) - do you want a dress? [OM]

► ex: she-mi wa-tʰe (šémi watʰé) - girl’s dress [OM]

► ex: wa-tʰe a-bi-saⁿ-te koi-tʰe di-ha-knaⁿ da (watʰé ábisątte kóitʰe dihákną dá) - go iron your dress! [AG]

► ex: a-shi-ti he-saⁿ o-ki-te wa-tʰe kdi-da-ki aⁿ-taⁿ he-saⁿ t’e-wa-de kaⁿ-niⁿ-kʰe (ášitti hesą́ okítté watʰé kdídaki ą́tą hesą́ tʔéwade ką́-nįkʰé) - so she sat awhile outside, she turned down the waist of her skirt, looking for lice on herself and killing them [JOD]

► Dhegiha: wa-te (waté) - skirt, woman’s dress [Omaha]; wa-te (wa-té) - an Indian woman’s skirt [JOD-Omaha]; wa-tse (wa-tsé) - skirt, dress [FL-Osage]; wa-tsʰe (wáacʰe) - skirt with ribbon work or other decorations [CQ-Osage]; wa-che (waché) - dress, woman's skirt [Kaw]

long, all night long

► haⁿ bdo-ka (hą bdoká) - the whole night, all night, the entire night [JOD]

► cf. haⁿ (hą), hoⁿ (hǫ) - night; bdo-ka (bdóka) - entire, whole, circular, round; a-tʰaⁿ-te bdo-ka (atʰą́tte bdoká) - forever; bdo-ka hi (bdóka hí) - the entire group [JOD]; bdo-ka shoⁿ-zhi-ka (bdoká šǫ-žiká) - the whole puppy [JOD]; ha kʰe bdo-ka (há kʰe bdóka hí) - all the skin/hide [JOD]; o-ma-ni-ka bdo-ka (ománikka bdoká) - year, an entire year; o-we sa-ki wa-bdo-ka (ówe sáki wábdoká) - whole ear of dried corn [JOD]; zho-i-ka bdo-ka (žoíka bdóka) - entire body [JOD]; zho bdo-ka (žo bdóka hi) - entire flesh [JOD]

► ex: haⁿ bdo-ka za-ni hi o-wa-ki-da (hą bdoká zaní hi ówakidá) - all night long, he told it to everyone [JOD]

► Dhegiha: hoⁿ (hoⁿ) - night [Omaha/Ponca]; hoⁿ (hoⁿ) - night [Omaha]; hoⁿ (hoⁿ) - night [FL-Osage]; haⁿ (hą́ą) - night, nighttime, during the night, at night, nocturnal [CQ-Osage]; haⁿ (haⁿ) - night [Kaw]

► Dhegiha: bthu-ga (bthúga) - round, circular, whole, entire, all [Omaha/Ponca]; bthu-ga (bthuga) - all, round, cylinder, entire, whole [Omaha]; btho-ga (bthó-ga) - a whole, a whole thing, entire, round, cylindrical [FL-Osage]; broka (bróka) - in bulk, wholesale, in large quantities, overall, undivided, by the yard, in large pieces, not merely pieces of some item but the entire item, in its entirety, fully, whole, entire, complete [CQ-Osage]; blo-ga (blóga) - the whole, the entire thing, all [Kaw]

long, tall

► ste-te (stétte) - tall, long ► aⁿ-ste-te (ą́stetté) - I, di-ste-te (dístétté) - you, wa-ste-ta-we (wástettáwe) - we

► ste-te (stétte) - tall, long [MS, OM]

► ex: a-ka-ha ste-te (ákaha stétte) - ramrod for a muzzle loader

► ex: da-st-te (dastétte) - hold a note singing

► ex: di-xpe ste-te (dixpé stetté) - Long Scalp, name in a Quapaw story [JOD]

► ex: ho pa-si ste-te (ho ppási stétte) - gar, “long nosed fish”

► ex: ho ste-te (hostétte) - eel, “long fish”

► ex: ma-ze ste-te (mazé stetté) - giant woman, hair to waist; waist length breast carried over her shoulders for suckling stolen children, “long breast”

► ex: maⁿ ste-te (mą́ stétte) - medicine arrow, peyote staff, “long/tall arrow”

► ex: mi-ka-x’e ste-te (mikkáxʔe stétte) - aurora borealis, “long star”

► ex: naⁿ-ta ste-te (nąttá stétte) - mule, “long ears”

► ex: ni-zhi-ha ste-te (nižíha stétte) - braid of hair, “long hair” [MS]

► ex: to ste-te (to stétte) - sweet potato, “long potato” [MS, MR, AB, OM]

► ex: we-ki-te ste-te (wékkitte stétte) - cartridge, “long bullet”

► Dhegiha: zne-de (znéde) - long [Omaha/Ponca]; zne-de (çnedé) - long [Omaha]; zne-de (s͓ne-de) - long [JOD-Omaha]; stse-dse (stse-dse), ste-ʰtse (ste-ṭse), ste-e (ste-e), stse-e (stse-e) - long or tall; long as to length [FL-Osage]; stse-tse (scéce) - tall, long [CQ-Osage]; stse-je (scéje) - long, tall [Kaw]

long, that long

► ka-tʰaⁿ (katʰą́) - that long, of that length

► cf. de-tʰoⁿ (detʰǫ́), de-tʰaⁿ (detʰą́) - this long, this much; kaⁿ-ze a-tʰaⁿ (kką́ze átʰą) - of equal length; miⁿ-de-tʰoⁿ (mįdétʰǫ), miⁿ-de-toⁿ (mįdéttǫ) - half that length; she-tʰaⁿ (šetʰą) - long enough, a certain length

long, this long

► de-tʰoⁿ (detʰǫ́), de-tʰaⁿ (detʰą́) - this long, this much

► cf. ka-tʰaⁿ (katʰą́) - that long, of that length; kaⁿ-ze a-tʰaⁿ (kką́ze átʰą) - of equal length; miⁿ-de-tʰoⁿ (mįdétʰǫ), miⁿ-de-toⁿ (mįdéttǫ) - half that length; she-tʰaⁿ (šetʰą) - long enough, a certain length

long, turn something long

► di-ko-wiⁿ-xe i-he-de (dikkówįγe ihéde) - turn something long ► bdi-ko-wiⁿ-xe i-he-a-de (bdíkkówįγe ihéade) - I, ti-ko-wiⁿ-xe i-he-da-de (ttíkkówįγe ihédade) - you

► cf. di-ko-wiⁿ-xe (dikkówįγe) - turn, rotate, pull out of line; i-he-de (ihéde) - put a horizontal object; di-ko-wiⁿ-xe hi-de (dikkówįγe hide) - spin someone off balance; di-ko-wiⁿ-xa-xa (dikkówįγáγa) - to cause something to wobble

► Dhegiha: thi-ku-wiⁿ-xe (thi wiⁿxe) - turn [Omaha/Ponca]; thi-koiⁿ-xe (ðiiʰkóįɣe) - turn someone or something around [CQ-Osage]; yu-ko-miⁿ-ghe (yukómiⁿghe) - turn something around and around with the hands, to crank [Kaw]

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