English to Quapaw Dictionary

A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H-I-J-K-L-M-N-O-P-Q-R-S-T-U-V-W-X-Y-Z
Quapaw Sources Dhegiha Sources

 

L

 

length, at length

e-shaⁿ (éšą), e-shoⁿ (ešǫ́) - then, at length

e-shaⁿ (éšą) - then or at length [JOD]

cf. e-shaⁿ-hi (ešąhí) - at length, after some time [JOD]; e-shaⁿ-taⁿ (ešą́ttą) - then, at that time; e-shoⁿ-we (ešǫ́we) - then

ex: e-shoⁿ, “hoⁿ da-tʰaⁿ-she,” i-ke-ya-we i-ya (ešǫ́, “hǫ́ datʰą́še,” íkeyáwe iyá) - then, the others said to him, “what is the matter with you?” it is said [JOD]

ex: “e-shoⁿ shi e-koⁿ t’e-di-da-we,” i-ye niⁿ i-ya (“ešǫ́ ši ekǫ́ tʔédidawe,” iyé nį iyá) - “then, you went and thus, like that, they killed you,” she was saying, it is said (they say) [JOD]

ex: e-shoⁿ ti tʰe-ta kʰi naⁿ i-ya (ešǫ́ ttí tʰétta kʰí ną iyá) - then, when he returned to his home, it is said (they say) [JOD]

ex: e-shoⁿ miⁿ-xti o-shte tʰaⁿ sh’a-taⁿ-ka do-taⁿ-ti hi (ešǫ́ mį́xti ošté tʰą šʔattą́ka dottą́tti hí) - then the one that remained went straight to the devil [JOD]

ex: e-shoⁿ o-kʰe a-da-shtaⁿ-taⁿ (ešǫ́ okʰé ádaštąttą) - and when he stopped talking to him....

ex: e-shoⁿ e-ti pa-ze he-be hi a-kde (ešǫ́ ettí ppáze hébe hí akdé) - so already (that) evening I started home

ex: e-shaⁿ e-ti shi-a-pe da-we (éšą ettí šiápe dáwe) - then or at length-there-ashore-they went [JOD]

Dhegiha: shoⁿ (shoⁿ) - still, yet; at all events, at any rate; and so; thus [Omaha/Ponca]; shoⁿ (shoⁿ) - by and by, after awhile, eventually [Kaw]

 

e-shaⁿ-hi (ešąhí) - at length, after some time [JOD]

cf. e-shaⁿ (éšą), e-shoⁿ (ešǫ́) - then, at lengthe-shaⁿ-taⁿ (ešą́ttą) - then, at that timee-shoⁿ-we (ešǫ́we) - then

ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ e-shoⁿ-hi naⁿ-haⁿ zhi-ka hi taⁿ naⁿ (kóišǫ́ttą ešǫhí nąhą́ žiká hí tą́ ną) - then, after some time, she grew a little larger (a little older) [JOD]

ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ e-shoⁿ-hi aⁿ-kniⁿ (kóišǫ́ttą ešǫhí ąknį́) - then after awhile we camped [JOD]

ex: de niⁿ e-shoⁿ-hi haⁿ-ka toⁿ niⁿkʰe-ti hi (de nį́ ešǫhí hą́ka ttǫ nįkʰétti hí) - after he was going for some time, he arrived at the Haⁿ-ka village [JOD]

ex: e-shoⁿ-hi wa-zhiⁿ-ka zho-hi hi t’e-da-we (ešǫ́hi wažį́ka žóhi hí tʔédawe) - after some time, they killed many birds [JOD]

ex: ni o-ha naⁿ kde e-shoⁿ-hi ki i-ya-we (ní ohá ną kdé éšǫhi kí iyáwe) - she followed the course of the stream/water heading home, after some time she reached home, they say [JOD]

Dhegiha: shoⁿ (shoⁿ) - still, yet; at all events, at any rate; and so; thus [Omaha/Ponca]; shoⁿ (shoⁿ) - by and by, after awhile, eventually [Kaw]

 

hoⁿ-tʰaⁿ-hi (hǫ́tʰąhi), haⁿ-tʰaⁿ-hi (hą́tʰąhi) - then, at length

ex: hoⁿ-tʰaⁿ-hi, ni-ka-shi-ka zho-hi hi o-kda-x’a-x’a-we, i-ya (hǫ́tʰąhi, níkkašíka žóhi hi okdáxʔaxʔáwe, iyá) - then, a great many people gave the scalp yell, it is said (they say) [JOD]

ex: hoⁿ-tʰaⁿ-hi, “i-ka-xa-ta koi-ta kniⁿ,” i-yi i-ya wa-sa niⁿ-kʰe (hǫ́tʰąhi, “íkaxátta kóitta knį́,” iyí iyá wasá nįkʰé) - then the black bear said, “sit over there on the other side of the lodge,” it is said (they said) [JOD]

ex: hoⁿ-tʰaⁿ-hi e-ti kniⁿ niⁿ-kʰe, i-ya (hǫ́tʰąhi maštį́ke étti knį́ nįkʰé, iyá) - then the rabbit sat there, it is said (they say) [JOD]

ex: hoⁿ-tʰaⁿ-hi maⁿ-te kdi-ze naⁿ e-ti de i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (hǫ́tʰąhi mą́tte kdíze-ną étti dé iyá maštįke) - but the rabbit took his bow and went there, it is said (they say) [JOD]

 

length, half in length

o-skaⁿ-ska (oskąská) - half (in length), middle

cf. ski-ke o-skaⁿ-ska (skíke oską́ska) - one half pound, 1/2 lb; pe o-skaⁿ-ska (pé oską́ska) - midsummer; sni-wa-te o-skaⁿ-ska (sniwáte oską́ska) - month in the Quapaw lunar calendar, early Winter; pa-de o-skaⁿ-ska (páde oską́ska) - midwinter, name of one of the months in the Quapaw lunar calendar; si-po-zo-skaⁿ-skaⁿ (sippózoską́ską) - middle or third toe; si-po-zo-skaⁿ-skaⁿ o-ba-taⁿ (sippózoską́ską obáttą) - second toe, “next to the middle toe”; naⁿ-piu-zo-skaⁿ-ska (nąpüzóskąská), naⁿ-pe o-zo-skaⁿ-ska (nąpé ózoskąská) - middle finger, second finger; naⁿ-pe o-zo-skaⁿ-ska (nąpé ózoskąská opáttą) - third finger, ring finger, “next to the middle finger”; haⁿ-skaⁿ-ska (hą́skąska) - midnight

ex: o-ka-ki-xe hi o-skaⁿ-skaⁿ hi o-a-zha aⁿ-maⁿ (okákixe hí oską́ską hí óažá ąmą́) - I usually dance, going around in the middle [JOD]

ex: o-skaⁿ-skaⁿ hi na-zhiⁿ tʰaⁿ (oską́ską hi nažį́ tʰą) - he stood in the middle, he was standing in the middle [JOD]

Dhegiha: o-skoⁿ-ska (o-çkóⁿ çka), u-skoⁿ-ska (u-çkóⁿ-çka) - center, directly in the center of, in the middle [FL-Osage]; o-ʰkoⁿ-ska (o-ḳóⁿ-çka), u-ʰkoⁿ-ska (u-ḳóⁿ-çka) - the center, middle [FL-Osage]; o-ʰkaⁿ-ska (oʰką́ska) - in the center, middle, at the halfway point [CQ-Osage]; o-kaⁿ-ska (okáⁿska) - one half in length or quantity, the middle one, in the middle, a half dollar, fifty cents [Kaw]

 

length, half that length

miⁿ-de-tʰoⁿ (mįdétʰǫ), miⁿ-de-toⁿ (mįdéttǫ) - half that length

cf. miⁿ-de (mįdé-) - half (of that measure); de-tʰoⁿ (detʰǫ́), de-tʰaⁿ (detʰą́) - long, this (much); ka-tʰaⁿ (katʰą́) - that long, of that length; kaⁿ-ze a-tʰaⁿ (kką́ze átʰą) - of equal length; she-tʰaⁿ (šetʰą) - long enough, a certain length; miⁿ-de-tʰaⁿ-ka (mįdétʰąká) - half that height; miⁿ-de-tʰaⁿ-ha (mįdétʰąha) - half that depth; miⁿ-de-naⁿ (mįdéną) - half that many, quantity’ miⁿ-de-na-ska (mįdénaska) - half that size

Dhegiha: wiⁿ-de-tʰoⁿ (wiⁿdétʰoⁿ) - half, half full, as a glass, pail, or barrel; half the length [Omaha/Ponca]; wiⁿ-de-toⁿ (wiⁿdetoⁿ) - half [Omaha]; mi i-doⁿ-be wiⁿ-de-toⁿ (mi idoⁿbe wiⁿdetoⁿ) - half hour [Omaha]; hoⁿ wiⁿ-de-toⁿ (hoⁿwiⁿde toⁿ) - midnight [Omaha]

 

length, long enough, a certain length

she-tʰaⁿ (šetʰą) - long enough, a certain length

cf. de-tʰoⁿ (detʰǫ́), de-tʰaⁿ (detʰą́) - long, this (much); ka-tʰaⁿ (katʰą́) - that long, of that length; kaⁿ-ze a-tʰaⁿ (kką́ze átʰą) - of equal length; miⁿ-de-tʰoⁿ (mįdétʰǫ) - half that length

 

length, of equal length

kaⁿ-ze a-tʰaⁿ (kką́ze átʰą) - of equal length

cf. kaⁿ-ze (kką́ze), koⁿ-ze (kkǫ́ze) - equal in; ka-tʰaⁿ (katʰą́) - that long, of that length; miⁿ-de-tʰoⁿ (mįdétʰǫ), miⁿ-de-toⁿ (mįdéttǫ) - half that length; she-tʰaⁿ (šetʰą) - long enough, a certain length; de-tʰoⁿ (detʰǫ́), de-tʰaⁿ (detʰą́) - long, this (much)

 

length, that long, of that length

ka-tʰaⁿ (katʰą́) - that long, of that length

cf. de-tʰoⁿ (detʰǫ́), de-tʰaⁿ (detʰą́) - long, this (much); kaⁿ-ze a-tʰaⁿ (kką́ze átʰą) - of equal length; miⁿ-de-tʰoⁿ (mįdétʰǫ) - half that length; she-tʰaⁿ (šetʰą) - long enough, a certain length

 

length, waist length breast

ma-ze ste-te (mazé stetté) - giant woman, hair to waist; waist length breast carried over her shoulders for suckling stolen children

cf. ma-ze (mazé) - breast; ste-te (stétte) - tall, long; ma-ze zhi-ka (mazé žíka) - little breasts [MS]

Dhegiha: ma-ze (mazé) - breast, udder [Omaha/Ponca]; moⁿ-ze (moⁿ-çé) - woman’s breast [FL-Osage]; ba-ze (ba-çé) - a woman's breast, udder [FL-Osage]; pa-ze (paazé) - breast, udder [CQ-Osage]; ba-ze (bazé) - breast [Kaw]

Dhegiha: zne-de (znéde) - long [Omaha/Ponca]; zne-de (çnede) - long [Omaha]; zne-de (s͓néde) - long [JOD-Omaha]; zne-de (snedé) - tall [JOD-Omaha]; stse-dse (stse-dsé), stse-e (stse-e)  - tall, a tall man, long [FL-Osage]; stse-tse (scéce) - tall, long [CQ-Osage]; stse-je (scéje) - long, tall [Kaw]

 

lengthwise, cut lengthwise

so i-he-de (só ihéde) - cut lengthwise a-so i-he-a-de (asó ihéade) - I, da-so i-he-da-de (dasó ihédade) - you; oⁿ-so i-he-oⁿ-da-we (ǫsó ihéǫdawe) - we

cf. i-he-de (ihéde) - put a horizontal object; i-he (íhe) - horizontal, in a lying position

Dhegiha: su (su) - to cut in strips [Omaha/Ponca]; su (çu) - to cut or make a slit in a hide [FL-Osage]; so (so) - cut a strip, as making in making a thong [Kaw]

Dhegiha: i-he-the (í-hé-the) - to lay down a long object [FL-Osage]; i-he-the (i-hé-the) - to put a thing down, made to lie in death [FL-Osage]; i-he-ye (ihéye) - put down a singular, lying, inanimate object [Kaw]

 

lengthwise, put lengthwise

o-kde (okdé) - put lengthwise, to stand o-a-kde (oákde) - I, o-da-kde (ódakde) - you, oⁿ-ko-kda-we (ǫkókdawe) - we

Dhegiha: u-gthe (ugthé) - an upright stand or receptacle; the part of a bean or pea where it joins the pod [Omaha/Ponca]; u-gthe (u-gthé) - a socket, to use as supports for [FL-Osage]; o-le (olé) - put a standing/inanimate object into something [Kaw]

 

 

lessen

di-zhiⁿ-ka (dižį́ka) - lessen, diminish, make small bdi-zhiⁿ-ka (bdížįka) - I, ti-zhiⁿ-ka (ttížįka) - you

cf. di (di) - by hand, pulling; zhi-ka (žiká, žíka), zhi-ga (žigá), zhiⁿ-ka (žįká, žį́ka) - small, little, young; o-zhiⁿ-ka (óžįká) - smaller part, something small

Dhegiha: thi-zhiⁿ-ga (thizhiⁿga) - condense, make small [Omaha]

Dhegiha: zhiⁿ-ga (zhíⁿga) - small, little, a child, the young of animals [Omaha/Ponca]; zhiⁿ-ga (zhiⁿga) - small, little [Omaha]; zhiⁿ-ga (zhiⁿ-ga) - small, little, young, little children [FL-Osage]; zhiⁿ-ka (žįká, žį́ka) - (be) little small, child(ren), little one(s), kid(s) [CQ-Osage]; zhiⁿ-ga (zhíⁿga) - small, the young of an animal, a child [Kaw]

 

di-zho-wa (dižowá) - lessen bdi-zho-wa (bdížowa) - I, ti-zho-wa (ttížowa) -you

cf. di (di) - by hand, pulling; zho-wa (žowá) - few, insufficient, some; zho-wa (júwa) - little [JOD]

Dhegiha: ju-ba (júba) - a few, a small quantity [Omaha/Ponca]; zhu-pa (zhupa) - few [Omaha]; dsu-ba (dsú-ba) - few, scant, not sufficient [FL-Osage]; cho-pa (čóopa) - little, few, a small amount or number, a little bit [CQ-Osage]; jo-ba (jóba) - some, few, a little, small quantity, diminutive form of dóba ‘some’ [Kaw]

 

lest

na-ha (nahá) - prohibitive, beware lest..., follows verb

ex: i-naⁿ-paⁿ te na-ha ti ke ni-xi-te ni-ka-we i-yi iya (ínąpą́ tté nahá tti ke niγítte nikáwe iyí iyá) - a second time she said, “do not go to those lodges, they are disobedient,” they say [JOD]

ex: e-ti te na-ha i-he naⁿ (étti tté nahá ihé ną) - you do not go there!, I’ve been saying [JOD]

ex: e-ti te na-ha i-di-si-si-ke hi ta-i e-de (étti tté nahá idísisike hi ttai edé) - do not go there!, they will sure enough abuse you [JOD]

ex: e-ti te na-ha i-yi i-ya e-kaⁿ-ki-dai (étti tté nahá iyí iyá eką́kídai) - “you do not go there,” said his grandmother, it is said (they say) [JOD]

ex: wa-sa ti-kde ke ta e-ti te na-ha i-ke i-ya e-kaⁿ niⁿ-kʰe (wasá ttikdé ke tta étti tté nahá iké iyá eką́ nįkʰe) - do not go to the village of the black bears, his grandmother said to him, it is said (they say) [JOD]

ex: da-xa-ke naⁿ-ha (daγáke nąhá) - beware lest you cry out [JOD]

ex: aⁿ-shpi-ta na-ha (ą́špitta nahá) - beware lest you lean on me!

ex: maⁿ-zi a-di-ka-spe na-ha (mą́azi ádikáspe nahá) - beware lest the bank cave in on you!

ex: a-da-ka-xdi-we da-na-zhiⁿ na-ha (ádakaxdíwe danážį nahá) - beware lest you stand gazing on it!

ex: ka-she-naⁿ na-ha (kašéną nahá) - don't do that! [AB]

Dhegiha: naⁿ-ha (naⁿha), noⁿ-ha (noⁿha) - imperative [Kaw]; na-ha-o (nahao) - imperative, masculine singular [Kaw]

 

let go, free

di-shtaⁿ de-de (dištą́ dedé) - let go, free

cf. di-shtaⁿ (dištą́) - finish, complete; de-de (déde) - sent away, causative of go

Dhegiha: thi-shtoⁿ the-the (thishtoⁿ thethe) - turn loose, release [Omaha]; thi-shtoⁿ ga-xe (thi-shtóⁿ ga-xe) - to discharge one employed [FL-Osage]; thi-shtoⁿ gthe ga-xe (thi-shtóⁿ gthe ga-xe) - to release one from confinement, to let one go free who has been under arrest, to liberate a captive [FL-Osage]; yu-shtaⁿ ye-ye (yushtáⁿ yéye) - to drop or let go of something suddenly [Kaw]

 

wa-di-haⁿ-zhi (wadíhąži) - he let them go [JOD]

ex: ka-ki ke wa-di-haⁿ-zhi (kakí ke wadíhąži) - those-he let them go [JOD]

 

let slip, fumble

di-kdoⁿ-da (dikdǫ́da) - fumble, let slip, fail to hold bdi-kdoⁿ-da (bdíkdǫda) - I, ti-kdoⁿ-da (ttíkdǫda) - you

cf. di (di) - by hand, pulling; ba-knoⁿ-da (baknǫ́da) - miss when thrusting at; bi-knoⁿ-da (biknǫ́da) - miss, slip from under; da-knoⁿ-da (daknǫ́da) - snap at and miss; ka-knoⁿ-da (kaknǫ́da) - fail in hitting at something; naⁿ-knoⁿ-da (nąknǫ́da) - kick at and be evaded; pa-knoⁿ-da (páknǫda) - miss cutting something elusive; po-knoⁿ-da (póknǫda) - miss in shooting or thrusting

Dhegiha: thi-gthoⁿ-tha (thí-gthoⁿ-tha) - fail to get a good grip, to drop by accident [FL-Osage]; yu-laⁿ-ya (yuláⁿya), yu-laⁿ-ye (yulaⁿye) - miss or fumble in trying to grasp or pull an object which is too large to be handled [Kaw]

 

di-shnoⁿ-da (dišnǫ́da) - let slip, fumble something bdi-shnoⁿ-da (bdíšnǫda) - I, ti-shnoⁿ-da (ttíšnǫda) - you

cf. di (di) - by hand, pulling; ba-shnoⁿ-da (bašnǫ́da) - push at and fail or miss; bi-shnoⁿ-da (bišnǫ́da) - fail, miss applying pressure; da-shnoⁿ-da (dašnǫ́da) - slip in eating, talking, etc.; ka-shnoⁿ-da (kašnǫ́da) - miss the mark striking at something; naⁿ-shnoⁿ-da (nąšnǫ́da) - lose one’s footing, slip; pa-shnoⁿ-da (pášnǫda) - fail to cut something with a knife; po-shnoⁿ-da (póšnǫda) - miss a target shooting

Dhegiha: zhnoⁿ (zhnoⁿ) - verb root, to miss, let fall, zhnoⁿ-tha (c͓naⁿ¢a), ba-zhnoⁿ (bac͓naⁿ), bu-zhnoⁿ (buc͓naⁿ), tha-zhnoⁿ (¢ac͓naⁿ), thi-zhnoⁿ (¢ic͓naⁿ), ga-zhnoⁿ (gac͓naⁿ), ma zhnoⁿ (mac͓naⁿ), mu-zhnoⁿ (muc͓naⁿ) [Omaha/Ponca]

 

let, to let one suckle

ma-ze k’i (mazé kʔí) - to let one suckle [JOD]

cf. ma-ze (mazé) - breast; k’i (kʔi) - give something to someone

ex: ma-ze k’i (mazé kʔí) - breast-give to her

ex: ma-ze k’i, xa-ke niⁿ-kʰe (mazé kʔí, γaké nįkʰé) - let her suckle, she’s crying [JOD]

ex: xa-ke niⁿ-kʰe, ma-ze k’i, i-he miⁿ-kʰe (γaké nįkʰé, mazé kʔí, ihé mįkʰé) - she’s crying, let her suckle (give her your breast), I said [JOD]

 

let’s

te (tte) - future, potential or optative marker, shall, will

ex: aⁿ-ka-de te (ąkáde tté) - let us go thither, let us (two) go [JOD]

ex: koⁿ-ska ki-k’iⁿ di-kna, aⁿ-ka-de te (kǫ́ska kikʔį́ dikná, ąkáde tté) - quickly decide what you will pack, let’s go [JOD]

ex: oⁿ-ki-a-naⁿ te (ǫkkiáną-tte) - let us race

ex: iⁿ-knaⁿ, aⁿ-ka-kde te, i-ke tʰaⁿ (įkną́, ąkákde tté, iké tʰą) - first son, let’s go home, he said to him [JOD]

Dhegiha: te (te) - will, let, please [JOD-Omaha]; ʰtse (ṭse) - shall or will go [FL-Osage]

ʰtse (ʰce) - may it be that, often translated as “let, allow, have, tell someone to, let’s (the speaker and one other person); che (che) - exhortative; the exhortative ending ta che (ta che) is more like “definitely will” or “surely will,” but functions similarly to the English “lets” or “let it be so” [Kaw]; tse (ce) - future or potential aspect: shall or will; please [Kaw]

 

te-a (tteá) - will or let [JOD]

ex: aⁿ-ka-kde te-a (ąkákde tteá) - let us go homeward, let’s go home [JOD]

ex: wa-zhiⁿ-ka zho-hi hi t’e-aⁿ-de [t’e-aⁿ-da-we] aⁿ-ka-kde te-a (wažį́ka žóhi hí tʔeą́de [tʔéądáwe] ąkákde tteá) - we have killed many birds, let’s go home [JOD]

ex: aⁿ-da-tʰe te-a (ądátʰe ttéa) - let us eat it [JOD]

ex: “aⁿ-da-tʰe te-a,” i-yi i-ya-we (“ądátʰe ttéa,” iyí iyáwe) - she said, “let’s eat it,” they say [JOD]

ex: wi-ki-kda-k’iⁿ te-a (wikíkdakʔį́ tteá) - I will carry you on my back [JOD]

Dhegiha: ʰtse-a (ṭse-á) - shall [FL-Osage]

Dhegiha: te (te) - will, let, please [JOD-Omaha]; ʰtse (ṭse) - shall or will go [FL-Osage]

ʰtse (ʰce) - may it be that, often translated as “let, allow, have, tell someone to, let’s (the speaker and one other person); che (che) - exhortative; the exhortative ending ta che (ta che) is more like “definitely will” or “surely will,” but functions similarly to the English “lets” or “let it be so” [Kaw]; tse (ce) - future or potential aspect: shall or will; please [Kaw]

 

let’s, we shall

ta-i (taí) - we shall, let’s, will (plural) [JOD]

cf. ta-i-tʰe (taitʰé), ta-i-te (taitté) - shall (plural), they shall [JOD]

ex: wa-sa ke za-ni hi t’e-aⁿ-wa-de ta-i (wasá ke zaní hi tʔeą́wade taí) - let us (let’s) kill all the black bears [JOD]

ex: o-da-kda-x’a-x’a ta-i (odákdaxʔáxʔa taí) - you’all will give the scalp yell [JOD]

ex: haⁿ-ba o-taⁿ-ka hi taⁿ o-da-kda-x’a-x’a ta-i i-we-ke i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (hą́ba otą́ka hi ttą́ odákdaxʔáxʔa taí iwéke iyá maštį́ke) - as soon as day arrives, you’all will give the scalp yell, rabbit said to them, it is said (they say) [JOD]

ex: e-ti te na-ha i-di-si-si-ke hi ta-i e-de (étti tté nahá idísisike hi ttai edé) - do not go there!, they will sure enough abuse you [JOD]

ex: aⁿ-ka-hi ta-i, wa-x’o-zhi-ka i-ki-e niⁿ (ąkáhi taí, waxʔóžiká ikíé nį) - we will arrive there/we will go, the old woman was saying to him [JOD]

ex: “hoⁿ o-wi-ki-bda-ke tai miⁿ-kʰe”, i-we-ke i-ya ma-shtiⁿ-ke (“hǫ ówikibdáke taí mįkʰé”, iwéke iyá maštį́ke) - the rabbit said, “yes, I will tell you’all” it is said (they say) [JOD]

Dhegiha: ta-i (tai) - will, plural [JOD-Omaha]; ta-i (ta-i) - we shall, let’s [Omaha]; ʰtai (ʰtai) - let’s, clause final element conveying an extortion or suggestion for a group including the speaker and at least two other persons [CQ-Osage]

 

letter, book, paper

i-ka-zo-zo (íkazózo) - book, paper, letter

i-ka-zo-zo (íkazózo) - paper [MS, FR, AG, OM]

i-ka-zo-zo (ika-zŭzŭ) - write (ecrire) [GI]

cf. i-ka-zo-zo da-te (íkazózo daté) - school, school house, “read aloud books” [MS]; i-ka-zo-zo i-ka-xe (íkazózo ikáγe) - pencil [MS]; i-ka-zo-zo i-ka-xe (íkazózo ikáγe) - pen, writing instrument; i-ka-zo-zo i-koⁿ (íkazózo íkǫ) - cards, playing cards, “paper with which to gamble or bet”; i-ka-zo-zo ka-xe kniⁿ (íkazózo káγe knį) - clerk, he who sits writing; i-ka-zo-zo ka-xe o-ti (íkazózo káγe ottí) - school, school house; i-ka-zo-zo ni (íkazózo ní) - ink; i-ka-zo (íkazo) - write, draw; i-ka-zo i-ka-xe (íkazo ikáγe) - pencil, writing instrument; i-ka-zo-ye (íkazóye) - to have written

ex: i-ka-zo-zo ka-xe a-taⁿ a-ki-niⁿ hi (íkazózo káγe attą́ akínį hí) - he wrote/made a letter and took it thither to her [JOD]

ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ e-ti knoⁿ-ke te i-ka-zo-zo ka-xe a-taⁿ a-ki-niⁿ hi taⁿ toⁿ-we taⁿ naⁿ-zha, “e-koⁿ te,” i-ke (kóišǫ́ttą étti knǫké tte íkazózo káγe attą́ akínį hí tą tǫ́we tą ną́ža, “ekǫ́ tte,” iké) - then he wrote the letter (asking) to marry and took it to her, when she looked at it she said, “so shall it be (it will be so)” [JOD]

 

level, a low level

o-zaⁿ-te (ozątté) - broad, as a field, a low level

cf. o-zo ti-o-hi (ozó ttióhi) - bottom land near a river, down on bottom, same as o-zo-ti-o-we (ozóttiowé), name of a Quapaw town in Arkansas; o-zo-ti-o-we (ozó ttiowé) - bottom land with trees, name of one of the original Quapaw towns

Dhegiha: zaⁿ-de (zaⁿ-de) - a forest, a dense forest, a highland covered with trees [JOD-Omaha]; zoⁿ-dse (çoⁿ-dse) - upland forest [FL-Osage]; zaⁿ-tse (zą́ące) - prairie, country, rural area, countryside; a valley with trees, a grove of trees [CQ-Osage]; zaⁿ-je (zaⁿjé), zoⁿ-je (zoⁿjé) - timber, highland covered with trees; woods [Kaw]

Dhegiha: o-zu (o-çú) - a lowland forest [FL-Osage]; o-zo (ozó) - lowland, low wooded level [CQ-Osage]; o-zo (ozó) - wooded area, bottom land with timber [Kaw]; o-zo-liⁿ (ozóliⁿ) - village in the bottom land with timber (the name of the village) [Kaw]

 

level, flat

bda-da (bdáda) - flat, level

cf. bda-ska (bdáska) - flat; bda-xa (bdáxa) - wide, as a road; bda-bda (bdábda) - raised

Dhegiha: btha-tha (bthátha) - level [Omaha/Ponca]; btha-tha (bthá-tha) - broad, wide [FL-Osage]; bra-tha (bráaða) - broad, wide and smooth, as a prairie, smoothed out [CQ-Osage]; bla-ya (bláya) - level, without cuts or hills [Kaw]

 

lever

bi-ha-ta de-de (bihátta déde) - lever, weight, press on end pi-ha-ta de-a-de (ppíhatta déade) - I, shpi-ha-ta de-da-de (špíhatta dédade) - you

cf. bi (bi) - by pressing; ba-ha-ta (bahattá) - pick up with pointed object; ba-ha-ta de-de (bahátta déde) - brush aside; di-ha-ta (díhattá) - lift something; di-ha-ta de-de (dihátta déde) - lift, pull up suddenly; ka-ha-ta de-de (kahátta déde) - knock aside, turn aside; naⁿ-ha-ta de-de (nąhátta déde) - lift with the foot; po-ha-ta de-de (póhatta déde) - poke something in order to lift it

 

lice, louse

he (he) - louse

he (heh) - lice (pou) [GI]

he (he) - lice, louse [FS]

Dhegiha: he (he) - louse, lice [Omaha/Ponca]; he (he) - head lice, lice [Omaha]; he (he) - louse [FL-Osage]; he (hée) - lice, louse [CQ-Osage]; he (he) - louse [Kaw]

 

he-saⁿ (hesą́) - lice [JOD]

he-saⁿ (heh-sion) - lice, body lice (pou de corps morp) [GI]

ex: o-ta-shti-te a-shi-ti he-saⁿ o-ki-te ni-he,” i-ke niⁿ (otáštitétti ašítti hesą́ okítte-nihé, iké nį) - look for lice on yourself outside in the sunshine, he said to her [JOD]

ex: a-shi-ti he-saⁿ o-ki-te wa-tʰe kdi-da-ki aⁿ-taⁿ he-saⁿ t’e-wa-de kaⁿ-niⁿ-kʰe (ášitti hesą́ okítté watʰé kdídaki ą́tą hesą́ tʔéwade ką́-nįkʰé) - so she sat awhile outside, she turned down the waist of her skirt, looking for lice on herself and killing them [JOD]

Dhegiha: he-soⁿ (héçoⁿ) - nits, gnits, head lice, gnats [Omaha]; he-soⁿ zhiⁿ-ga (he-çóⁿ zhiⁿ-ga) - little white louse, a nit [FL-Osage]

 

lick, taste

da-shta (daštá) - lick, taste bda-shta (bdášta) - I, ta-shta (ttášta) - you

Dhegiha: tha-shta-be  (tha-çtá-be) - to taste; to lick, as sugar off a cookie; to lick, as with the tongue; tasted [FL-Osage]; tha-shta-pe (ðaaštápe) - lick [CQ-Osage]; ya-shta-be (yashtábe) - taste something, lick something [Kaw]

 

lid

i-ka-bnaⁿ (íkabną) - lid, covered

i-ka-bnaⁿ (íkabną) - lid, covered up [MS]

 

lie down to sleep

zhoⁿ-ki-de (žǫ́kkidé) - lie down to sleep zhoⁿ-a-ki-de (žǫ́akkidé) - I, zhoⁿ-da-ki-de (žǫ́dakkidé) - you

cf. zhaⁿ (žą), zhoⁿ (žǫ) - lie, recline; zhaⁿ i-de (žą́ idé) - sleep; zhoⁿ i-he (žǫ́ ihé) - be lying down; zhaⁿ-kʰe (žąkʰé), zhoⁿ-kʰe (žǫkʰé) - continuative be lying, reclining; a-zhaⁿ (ážą) - bed, bedstead; naⁿ-pa zhoⁿ (nąpá žǫ) - Tuesday, lit. “two sleeps”; da-bni zhoⁿ (dábni žǫ) - Wednesday, “three sleeps”; a-bi-saⁿ-te zhaⁿ (ábisątte žą́) - roll over on something; throw oneself down on; ki-kda-shaⁿ zhaⁿ (kkikdášą žą́) - lie on one’s stomach; ti o-zhaⁿ (ttí ožą́) - household, family; o-zhaⁿ wa-kniⁿ-zhi (óžą waknį́ži) - enemy within the tribe, “a bad person to sleep among”

ex: zhoⁿ-ki-de ta miⁿkʰe (žǫ́kkidé  tta mįkʰé) - I want to lay down (I am going to lie down to sleep) [MS]

ex: zhaⁿ-ki-da-wi (žąkkidáwi) - they lay down in order to go to sleep [JOD]

ex: kda-tʰe ki-ha-i naⁿ zhaⁿ-ki-da-wi i-ya-we pa-ze de naⁿ (kdatʰé kihaí ną žąkidáwi iyáwe ppáze dé ną) - when they were finished eating (their own food), they went to sleep after dark, they say [JOD]

ex: aⁿ-zhoⁿ-ki-de aⁿ-ki-wi-taⁿ (ąžǫ́kkidé ąkiwittą́) - let’s go to bed [MS]

Dhegiha: zhoⁿ (zhoⁿ) - recline, lie, lie down, to sleep [Omaha/Ponca]; zhoⁿ (zhoⁿ) - day, night, sleep, day, night, 24-hour period, “a sleep” [Omaha/Ponca]; zhoⁿ (zhoⁿ) - to sleep [FL-Osage]; zhaⁿ (žą́ą) - sleep, go to sleep, lie down to sleep, go to bed, sleep over, stay all night, sleep, night's rest, overnight stay [CQ-Osage]; zhaⁿ (zhaⁿ) - lie down, sleep, recline [Kaw]; zhaⁿ (zhaⁿ) - day, a sleep [Kaw]

 

lie on one’s stomach

ki-kda-shaⁿ zhaⁿ (kkikdášą žą́) - lie on one’s stomach ki-kda-shaⁿ da-zhaⁿ (kkikdášą dažą́) - you

cf. ki-kda-shoⁿ (kkikdášǫ), ki-kda-shaⁿ (kkikdášą) - turned upside down; zhaⁿ (žą), zhoⁿ (žǫ) - lie, recline; di-ki-kda-shoⁿ (dikkíkdašǫ) - turn upside down, pull over

Dhegiha: thi-a-ki-gtha-shoⁿ (thi akigthashoⁿ) - turn over [Omaha]; ba-ʰki-gtha-shoⁿ (ba-ḳí-gtha-shoⁿ) - to push upside down [FL-Osage]; ba-a-ʰki-gtha-shoⁿ (ba-á-ḳi-gtha-shoⁿ) - to turn an object upside down by pushing [FL-Osage]; noⁿ-a-ʰki-gtha-shoⁿ (noⁿ-á-ḳi-gtha-shoⁿ) - kick over, as to upset; upset with the foot [FL-Osage]; ba-ku-la-shaⁿ (bakúlashaⁿ) - turn upside down, push over [Kaw]; bo-ku-la-shaⁿ (bókulashaⁿ) - knock upside down by shooting [Kaw]; bu-ku-la-shaⁿ (bukúlashaⁿ) - turn upside down, overturn by pressure; to turn an object upside down by pushing with the hands alone, with nothing in them, by weight or presssure [Kaw]; ga-ku-la-shaⁿ (gakúlashaⁿ) - knock upside down; turn somersaults [Kaw]; yu-ku-la-shaⁿ (yukúlashaⁿ) - roll over, turn upside down; to turn an object such as a boat bottom upward by pulling [Kaw]; naⁿ-ku-la-shaⁿ (naⁿkúlashaⁿ) - kick over, to upset [Kaw]

 

lie on something

a-bi-saⁿ-te (ábisątte) - catch by pressing on; hold down, e.g., on his back; lie on something a-pi-saⁿ-te (áppisątte) - I, a-shpi-saⁿ-te (ášpisątte) - you, oⁿ-ka-pi-saⁿ-ta-we (ǫkápisąttawe) - we

cf. a-bi-saⁿ-te zhaⁿ (ábisątte žą́) - roll over on something; throw oneself down on; a-bi-saⁿ-te-zhi (ábisąttéži) - press down on, weight, hold down; o-bi-saⁿ-te (obísątte) - pull something between two objects

ex: ka-ki-kda-ti-zhe aⁿ-bi-saⁿ-te (kakkíkdattiže ą́bisątté) - he tumbled over and lay on me

ex: maⁿ-da a-bi-saⁿ-te naⁿ i-ya (mą́da ábisątte ną iyá) - he held him down on his back, it is said

ex: wa-bi-saⁿ-ta-we (wábisąttawe) - he or they lay on us

ex: wa-tʰe a-bi-saⁿ-te koi-tʰe di-ha-knaⁿ da (watʰé ábisątte kóitʰe dihákną dá) - go iron your dress! [AG]

Dhegiha: a-bi-soⁿ-dse (á-bi-çoⁿ-dse) - to press to the ground [FL-Osage]; a-pi-saⁿ (ápisą) - mash, push down on, shut, close, hold down [CQ-Osage]; a-bu-saⁿ-je (ábusaⁿje) - press down on with the hands, as in catching a bird or rabbit; to press or bear hard on, as with a chair leg; to run and jump on something, wrestle [Kaw]; a-ki-bu-saⁿ-je (ákíbusaⁿje) - to wrestle each other [Kaw]

Dhegiha: a-ba-soⁿ-de (ábasoⁿde) - push, to push together with the hand against something which is on something else, as a pen on paper [Omaha/Ponca]; i-bi-soⁿ-de (íbisóⁿde) - narrow, a narrow place, as a ledge at the base of a cliff above a stream [Omaha/Ponca]; ba-soⁿ-de (baçoⁿde) - crease, press together [Omaha]; u-bi-soⁿ-de (ubiçoⁿde) - compact, crowded [Omaha]; moⁿ-ze a-noⁿ-soⁿ-de (moⁿçe anoⁿçoⁿde) - brassiere [Omaha]; soⁿ-soⁿ-de (çoⁿçoⁿde) - close together [Omaha]; a-ba-soⁿ-dse (á-ba-çoⁿ-dse) - to push one against a tree or a door, to lace up a shoe [FL-Osage]; a-thi-soⁿ-dse (á-thi-çoⁿ-dse) - to hold firmly between the hands or fingers, to squeeze; to clasp one’s legs around a horse when riding bareback, [FL-Osage]; i-noⁿ-soⁿ-dse (í-noⁿ-çoⁿ-dse) - to take shelter behind someth, as protection [FL-Osage]; a-ba-saⁿ-je (ábasaⁿje) - push against something, as a door to keep it closed; have sex with [Kaw]; a-ga-saⁿ-je (ágasaⁿje) - to make tight by nailing on, as tarred paper on the inside of a house; nail down tight [Kaw]; a-naⁿ-saⁿ-je (ánaⁿsáⁿje) - stamp on something (to anchor it), to bring down the feet suddenly on a paper, etc., to keep it from being blown away [Kaw]; a-ya-saⁿ-je (áyasaⁿje) - hold firmly with the teeth [Kaw]; a-yu-saⁿ-je (áyusaⁿje) - clamp something, hold firmly [Kaw]; iⁿ-yaⁿ-o-bu-saⁿ-je (iⁿyáⁿobusáⁿje) - gorge, narrow defile with stream [Kaw]

 

lie or sit on the edge, to perch

bi-zi-pa (bizíppa) - sit or lie on the edge, to perch pi-zi-pa (ppízippa) - I, shpi-zi-pa (špízippa) - you

cf. ba-zi-pa (bazíppa) - edge, nudge, push on edge; da-zi-pa (dazíppa) - bite along the edge, nip; di-zi-pa (dizíppa) - grasp or hold by the edge; ka-zi-pa (kazíppa) - chop, cut at the edge; kdi-zi-pa (kdizíppa) - hold, grasp edge of one’s own; ki-di-zi-pa (kídizippa) - hold along the edge for someone; naⁿ-zi-pa (nązíppa) - walk along the edge of something; pa-zi-pa (pázippa) - cut along the edge with a knife; po-zi-pa (pózippa) - punch along the edge of something; ta-zi-pa (tázippa) - burn along the edge of something

Dhegiha: bu-zu-be (buzúbe) - lean against, sit or lie on the edge of [Kaw]

 

lie, recline, sleep

zhaⁿ (žą), zhoⁿ (žǫ) - lie, recline a-zhaⁿ (ažą́) - I, da-zhaⁿ (dažą́) - you

zhoⁿ (jon) - sleep (dormir) [GI]

cf. zhaⁿ i-de (žą́ idé) - sleep; zhoⁿ i-he (žǫ́ ihé) - be lying down; zhaⁿ-kʰe (žąkʰé), zhoⁿ-kʰe (žǫkʰé) - continuative be lying, reclining; zhoⁿ-ki-de (žǫ́kkidé) - lie down to sleep; a-zhaⁿ (ážą) - bed, bedstead; naⁿ-pa zhoⁿ (nąpá žǫ) - Tuesday, lit. “two sleeps”; da-bni zhoⁿ (dábni žǫ) - Wednesday, “three sleeps”; a-bi-saⁿ-te zhaⁿ (ábisątte žą́) - roll over on something; throw oneself down on; ki-kda-shaⁿ zhaⁿ (kkikdášą žą́) - lie on one’s stomach; ti o-zhaⁿ (ttí ožą́) - household, family; o-zhaⁿ wa-kniⁿ-zhi (óžą waknį́ži) - enemy within the tribe, “a bad person to sleep among”

ex: a-zhoⁿ (ažǫ́) - I sleep [MS]

ex: a-zhoⁿ ti-aⁿ (ažǫ́ tią́) - I want to lay down (I feel like lying down) [MS]

ex: a-zhoⁿ ti-aⁿ (ažǫ́ tią́) - I’m going to bed (I feel like lying down) [OM]

ex: a-shi a-toⁿ-we taⁿ a-hi-pʰe, maⁿ-da hi a-zhaⁿ, wa-tʰe aⁿ-ka-ze hi kaⁿ hi a-zhaⁿ, e-shoⁿ t’e paⁿ-ze miⁿ-kʰe (áši atǫ́we tą ahipʰé, mąda hí ažą́, watʰé ąkaze hí ką́ hi ažą́, éšǫ́ tʔe ppą́ze mįkʰe) - when I looked back I fell down, I laid there on my back, my dress flew up on me, so I laid there pretending to be dead [JOD]

ex: tʰi naⁿ t’e paⁿ-ze shkoⁿ-zhi hi a-zhaⁿ miⁿ-kʰe (tʰi ną tʔe ppą́ze škǫ́ži hi ažą́ mįkʰé) - when he arrived, I pretended to be dead, I lay there motionless [JOD]

ex: kaⁿ miⁿ-kʰe-ti ki-ha-ti a-zhoⁿ koⁿ-bda-zhi hi (ką́-mįkʰé-tti kihátti ažǫ́ kkǫ́bdáži hí) - so, I stayed there awhile, I really didn’t want to sleep on the ground [JOD]

ex: a-wi-taⁿ-we a-zhaⁿ ta-miⁿ-kʰe (áwittąwe ažą́tta mįkʰe) - I will lie watching you

ex: da-zhoⁿ ti-aⁿ (dažǫ́ tią́) - sleepy (you feel like laying down) [MS]

ex: da-zhaⁿ i-te da-hoⁿ-bde (dažą́ itté dahǫ́bde) - when you go to sleep, you dream [MS]

ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ aⁿ-ka-ki pa-ze de taⁿ aⁿ-kniⁿ-ti a-zhaⁿ (kóišǫ́ttą ąkáki ppáze dé tą ąknį́-tti ąžą́) - then-we were coming back (or home)-after night-when-we camped-when(where)-we slept [JOD]

ex: maⁿ-da kaⁿ-iⁿ zhaⁿ e-shoⁿ t’e kaⁿ-ze ke i-ya-we (mą́da kąį́ žą ešǫ́ tʔe ką́ze ké iyáwe) - she laid there on her back pretending to be dead, they say [JOD]

ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ haⁿ-naⁿ-pa-ze naⁿ zhoⁿ koⁿ-da-zhi i-ya-we ki-ha-ti (kóišǫ́ttą hą́nąppáze ną žǫ kǫdaží iyáwe kihátti) - then when it was dark, she did not want to sleep at the bottom, they say [JOD]

ex: e-ti zhoⁿ-wi (ettí žǫ́wi) - they (the two of them) laid down there [JOD]

ex: e za-ni zhaⁿ iⁿ-ke (é zaní žą́ įké) - they all reclining

Dhegiha: zhoⁿ (zhoⁿ) - recline, lie, lie down, to sleep [Omaha/Ponca]; zhoⁿ (zhoⁿ) - day, night, sleep, day, night, 24-hour period, “a sleep” [Omaha/Ponca]; zhoⁿ (zhoⁿ) - to sleep [FL-Osage]; zhaⁿ (žą́ą) - sleep, go to sleep, lie down to sleep, go to bed, sleep over, stay all night, sleep, night's rest, overnight stay [CQ-Osage]; zhaⁿ (zhaⁿ) - lie down, sleep, recline [Kaw]; zhaⁿ (zhaⁿ) - day, a sleep [Kaw]

 

lie, tell a lie

iⁿ-xo-we (į́xowe) - lie, tell a lie iⁿ-bda-xo-we (į́bdaxowe) - I, iⁿ-ta-xo-we (į́ttaxowe) - you

ex: “iⁿ-ta-xo-we a-ta-ha-we,” i-yi (“į́ttaxówé attaháwe,” iyí) - you (plural) lied-altogether (plural)-said he [JOD]

ex: iⁿ-xo-we taⁿ-ka (į́xowe ttąká) - he’s telling a big lie [JOD]

ex: de iⁿ-xo-wa-zhi hi naⁿ, de i-ye miⁿ-kʰe hi koⁿ-da a-kʰe (dé įxowáži hí ną, dé íye mį́kʰe hi kǫdá akʰé) - this (one) tells no lies, this (one) wants to tell/speak the truth, it is the one [JOD]

Dhegiha: i-xu-be (í-qu-bé) - to have a mysterious mouth, to say just what happens subsequently [JOD-Omaha]; i-xo-be (í-xo-be) - to fib, to tell a falsehood; to perjure one’s self [FL-Osage]; i-xo-pe (íxope) - lie, fib, untruth, tell untruths, falsehood [CQ-Osage]; i-xo-be (íxobe), i-xo-we (íxowe) - lie, be untruthful; liar; a lie [Kaw]

 

lie, to decieve

ma-xi-de (maxíde) - to deceive [JOD]

ex: ma-xi-wa-de (maxíwadé) - he deceived them [JOD]

ex: haⁿ-ka e-zhiⁿ-ke ha kʰe o-di-shto-te o-ba-haⁿ a-taⁿ ma-xi-wa-de tʰaⁿ i-ya-we, haⁿ-ka e-zhiⁿ-ke i-niⁿ-aⁿ-we ke i-ya-we, ma-shtiⁿ-ke e-tʰaⁿ i-ya-we (hą́ka ežį́ke há kʰe odíštotte obáhą attą́ maγíwadé tʰą́ iyáwe, hą́ka ežį́ke etʰą́ inįą́we ké iyáwé, maštį́ke etʰą́ iyáwe) - he skinned Haⁿ-ka’s son, put on his skin and tricked them, they thought that rabbit was Haⁿ-ka’s son, they say [JOD]

Dhegiha: moⁿ-xe-the (moⁿ-xé-the) - to deceive, swindle, hoodwink, delude or defraud [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-xi-the (mąγíðe) - deceive, trick, lie, swindle, defraud, fool [CQ-Osage]; maⁿ-ghi-ye (maⁿghíye) - fool someone, deceive, tease, trick [Kaw]

 

lie, to sink and lie or lay

o-spe (ospé) - it sank and lay, to sink and lay/lie [JOD]

cf: spe (spe) - sink

ex: o-da-kdo tʰaⁿ o-spe ke (odákdo tʰą́ ospé ke) - gnawed holes in it and it sank [JOD]

ex: iⁿ ni-ti spe (į nitti spe) - a stone sinks in water

Dhegiha: u-spe (u-spé) - to sink in water of its own accord, as a person, animal, boat, or tool [JOD-Omaha]; u-spe (uspe) - sink [Omaha]

 

life

ni tʰaⁿ, ni toⁿ (ni-ton) - life, existence (vie) [GI]

cf. ni (ni) - alive, conscious; tʰaⁿ (tʰą) - continuative auxiliary, singular/standing/animate; taⁿ (ttą), toⁿ (ttǫ) - possess, have

Dhegiha: ni ta (níta) - alive, life [Omaha]; ni ta i-bthaⁿ (ní-t͓a íb¢aⁿ) - to have one’s fill of life, to live a long time [JOD-Omaha]; niⁿ ta (níⁿ-t͓a) - to be alive, living; to live [JOD-Omaha]

 

ni oⁿ-ka-niⁿ (ni-unkani) - live, exist (vivre) [GI]

cf. ni (ni) - alive, conscious; oⁿ-ka-niⁿ (ǫ́kanį) - we, continuative moving; aⁿ-ka-niⁿ (ąkanį́) - we have, we keep; o-kniⁿ (oknį́) - sit in, dwell in, live in; aⁿ-kniⁿ (ąknį́) - we be in a place, camp, sit, reside

 

ni (ni) - alive, conscious

cf. ni-de (níde) - save a life, cause to live; ni tʰaⁿ, ni toⁿ (ni-ton) - life, existence (vie) [GI]; ni o-kniⁿ (ni-unkani) - live, exist (vivre) [GI]

Dhegiha: niⁿ (niⁿ) - to live [JOD-Omaha]; ni (ni) - to exist, to live, alive [FL-Osage]; ni (ní) - live, be alive, be living, be well or all right, be in good health [CQ-Osage]; ni (ni) - live, to be alive [Kaw]

 

life, come to life again

ki-ti-ta (kitittá) - come to life again, alive again [JOD]

cf. ti-ta (tittá) - live, be alive

ex: ma-shtiⁿ-ke ki-ti-ta, i-ya (maštį́ke kitittá, iyá) - the rabbit came to life again, it is said (they say) [JOD]

 

life, save a life, cause to live

ni-de (níde) - save a life, cause to live ni-a-de (níade) - I, ni-da-de (nídade) - you

cf. ni (ni) - alive, conscious; de (de) - cause to, to cause

Dhegiha: ni-the (ní-¢ĕ) - to cause to live; to save one from death; to preserve him [JOD-Omaha]; ni-the (ní-the) - to permit to live; when captives are brought in, it is the ṭsi-zhu wa-shta-ge gens that makes the decision as to which one may live [FL-Osage]; ni-the (níðe) - allow to live [CQ-Osage]

 

lift

di-ha-ta (díhattá) - lift something bdi-ha-ta (bdíhatta) - I, ti-ha-ta (ttíhatta) - you

cf. ba-ha-ta (bahattá) - pick up with pointed object; ba-ha-ta de-de (bahátta déde) - brush aside; bi-ha-ta de-de (bihátta déde) - lever, weight, press on end; di-ha-ta de-de (dihátta déde) - lift, pull up suddenly; ka-ha-ta de-de (kahátta déde) - knock aside, turn aside; naⁿ-ha-ta de-de (nąhátta déde) - lift with the foot; po-ha-ta de-de (póhatta déde) - poke something in order to lift it

 

di-ha-ta de-de (dihátta déde) - lift, pull up suddenly bdi-ha-ta de-a-de (bdíhátta déade) - I, ti-ha-ta de-da-de (ttíhátta dédade) - you

cf. ba-ha-ta (bahattá) - pick up with pointed object; ba-ha-ta de-de (bahátta déde) - brush aside; bi-ha-ta de-de (bihátta déde) - lever, weight, press on end; di-ha-ta (díhattá) - lift something; ka-ha-ta de-de (kahátta déde) - knock aside, turn aside; naⁿ-ha-ta de-de (nąhátta déde) - lift with the foot; po-ha-ta de-de (póhatta déde) - poke something in order to lift it; de-de (déde) - sent away, causative of go

 

naⁿ-ha-ta de-de (nąhátta déde) - lift with the foot a-naⁿ-ha-ta de-a-de (aną́hatta deade) - I, da-naⁿ-ha-ta de-da-de (daną́hátta dédade) - you

cf. ba-ha-ta (bahattá) - pick up with pointed object; ba-ha-ta de-de (bahátta déde) - brush aside; bi-ha-ta de-de (bihátta déde) - lever, weight, press on end; di-ha-ta (díhattá) - lift something; di-ha-ta de-de (dihátta déde) - lift, pull up suddenly; ka-ha-ta de-de (kahátta déde) - knock aside, turn aside; po-ha-ta de-de (póhatta déde) - poke something in order to lift it; de-de (déde) - sent away, causative of go

 

po-ha-ta de-de (póhatta déde) - poke something in order to lift it po-a-ha-ta de-a-de (póahatta déade) - I, po-da-ha-ta de-da-de (pódahatta dédade) - you

cf. ba-ha-ta (bahattá) - pick up with pointed object; ba-ha-ta de-de (bahátta déde) - brush aside; bi-ha-ta de-de (bihátta déde) - lever, weight, press on end; di-ha-ta (díhattá) - lift something; di-ha-ta de-de (dihátta déde) - lift, pull up suddenly; ka-ha-ta de-de (kahátta déde) - knock aside, turn aside; naⁿ-ha-ta de-de (nąhátta déde) - lift with the foot; de-de (déde) - sent away, causative of go

 

lift off as a door or plank

di-ki-kda (dikkíkda) - open, lift off as a door/plank bdi-ki-kda (bdíkkikda) - I, ti-ki-kda (ttíkkikda) - you

cf. di-ki-kda-shoⁿ (dikkíkdašǫ) - turn upside down, pull over; ki-kda-shoⁿ (kkikdášǫ), ki-kda-shaⁿ (kkikdášą) - turned upside down; ka-ki-kda-ti-zhe (kakkíkdattiže) - tumble over

 

lift someone up (causing them to groan)

di-i-ka-tʰoⁿ (diíkatʰǫ) - lift someone up bdi-i-ka-tʰoⁿ (bdíikatʰǫ) - I, ti-i-ka-tʰoⁿ (ttíikatʰǫ) - you

cf. di (di) - by hand, pulling; i-ka-toⁿ (íkattǫ) - grunt, groan, moan

Dhegiha: thi-i-ga-tʰoⁿ (thiígatʰoⁿ) - to make a sick person grunt or groan by lifting him or her [Omaha/Ponca]

Dhegiha: i-ga-tʰoⁿ (í-ga-t‘aⁿ) - to grunt, snivel; to labor, as a woman in travail [JOD-Omaha]; i-ga-toⁿ (igatoⁿ) - moan, groan [Omaha]; i-ga-ʰtoⁿ (í-ga-ṭoⁿ) - to groan, to moan [FL-Osage]

 

light

taⁿ-ba (tą́ba), toⁿ-ba (tǫ́ba) - a light

cf. haⁿ-ba (hąbá), hoⁿ-ba (hǫbá) - light, the morning light; haⁿ-ba (hą́ba), hoⁿ-ba (hǫ́ba), hoⁿ-pa (hǫ́pa), haⁿ-pa (hą́pa) - day, daytime; di-aⁿ-ba (dią́ba) - sheet lightning; o-ki-aⁿ-ba (ókkiąba) - flash; aⁿ-ba (ą́ba) - morning, before daybreak

 

light a fire, kindle

te-de (téde) - light a fire, kindle te-a-de (téade) - I, te-da-de (tédade) - you, te-oⁿ-da-we (Téǫdawe) - we

te-de (téde) - make a fire (kindle) [OM]

cf. o-te-de (ottéde), (otéde) - fireplace; pe-ti-te-de (ppettíttede) - match, “pe-te (ppétte) - fire + te-de (téde) - light a fire, kindle”

ex: ma-ze te-de (máze téde), ma-ze ta-de (máze táde) - stove [MS]

Dhegiha: ne-the (né-¢ĕ) - to kindle a fire [JOD-Omaha]; dse-the (dsé-the), ʰtse-the (ṭsé-the) - to kindle as a fire, to kindle the fire, to kindle a fire [FL-Osage]; jhe-ye (ǰéye), (djeyĕ) - to kindle a fire [JOD-Kaw]

Dhegiha: u-ne-the (unethe) - hearth, fireplace [Omaha]; u-ne-the (u-né-¢ĕ) - the firplace of a lodge or tent [JOD-Omaha]; u-dse-the (u-dsé-the) - a place hollowed out in the ground in which to place or kindle a fire, put fire into [FL-Osage]; o-tse-the (océðe) - build a fireplace or fire, fireplace or fire for cooking or warming oneself, place to build a fire, stove [CQ-Osage]; o-jhe-ye (oǰéye) - fireplace [Kaw]

Dhegiha: a-dse-the (á-dse-the) - to build a fire on [FL-Osage]; a-tse-the (áceðe) - build a fire on [CQ-Osage]; a-je-ye (ájeye) - kindle a fire on an object [Kaw]

Dhegiha: i-ne-the (inéthe) - burn, to set something on fire, burn something, cause something to burn [Omaha/Ponca]; i-ne-the (inethe) - kindle fire [Omaha]; i-je-ye (ijéye) - kindle, build a fire at/in a place [Kaw]

 

light frost

xaⁿ-iⁿ-ke zhi-ka (xą́įke žíka) - frost, light frost

cf. xaⁿ-iⁿ-ke (xą́įke) - frost, killing frost; zhi-ka (žiká, žíka), zhi-ga (žigá), zhiⁿ-ka (žįká, žį́ka) - small, little, young; xaⁿ-iⁿ-ke (qaⁿ́iⁿk͓ĕ) - masculine name, Frost [JOD]

Dhegiha: xe-woⁿ-ge (qewóⁿge) - frost on the ground, but not on vegetation, be frost on the ground, but not on any vegetation that can be damaged [Omaha/Ponca]; xe-woⁿ-ge (xéwoⁿge) - frost [Omaha]; xe-moⁿ-ge (xé-moⁿ-ge) - frost, hoarfrost [FL-Osage]; xe-maⁿ-ke (xémąke) - dew, frost [CQ-Osage]; xe-maⁿ-ge (xémaⁿge) - frost [Kaw]

 

light red color

ma-hiⁿ-xta zhi-te (mahį́xta žítte) - red, light red color

cf. ma-hiⁿ-xta (mahį́xta) - flower; ma-hiⁿ (mahį́) - grass; xta (xta), xda (xdá) - blossom, bud; zhi-te (žítte) - red; zhi-te saⁿ-haⁿ (žítte sąhą́) - pink

Dhegiha: moⁿ-hiⁿ tu (moⁿ-híⁿ tu) - grass [Omaha]; moⁿ-hiⁿ (moⁿ-híⁿ) - grass [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-hiⁿ (mąąhį́) - grass, hay [CQ-Osage]; maⁿ-hiⁿ (maⁿhíⁿ) - grass, weeds [Kaw]

Dhegiha: xtha (xtha) - blossom [Omaha]; xtha (xtha) - blossoms of any kind [FL-Osage]; xla (xla) - flower, bud on a tree [Kaw]

Dhegiha: zhi-de (zhíde) - red [Omaha/Ponca]; zhi-de (zhíde) - red [Omaha]; zhiu-dse (zhiu-dse), zhu-dse (zhu-dse) - red, scarlet, vermilion (FL-Osage); zhu-tse (žúuce) - red [CQ-Osage]; zhu-je (zhúje) - red [Kaw]

 

light, lantern, lamp, candle

a-ta-kaⁿ (áttakką), ha-ta-kaⁿ (hattáką, hatákką) - lamp, lantern, light, candle

a-ta-kaⁿ (áttakką), a-ta-koⁿ (áttakkǫ) - lantern, light [MS, AB]

ex: a-ta-kaⁿ we-kdi (áttakką wékdi) - lamp oil

ex: ta-xde we-kdi a-ta-kaⁿ (táxde wékdi áttakką́) - coal oil lamp

ex: a-ta-koⁿ i-ta ka-xa (áttakkǫ ita kaγá) - let the light burn (turn on the lantern, make it burn) [MS]

Dhegiha: a-da-ʰkoⁿ (á-da-ḳoⁿ) - a light, articial light [FL-Osage]; a-ta-ʰkaⁿ (átaʰką) - lamp, light [CQ-Osage]; a-da-kaⁿ (ádakaⁿ) - shine on, to give forth a light on an object; candle; light something up, illuminate [Kaw]

Dhegiha: na-kaⁿ (ná-k͓aⁿ) - to shed a light, as a prarie-fire at night, or as a lamp or candle after dark [JOD-Omaha]; na-koⁿ (nakoⁿ) - when a light is on [Omaha]; da-ʰkoⁿ(dá-ḳoⁿ) - light, luminous [FL-Osage]; da-kaⁿ (dákaⁿ) - light; be a light [Kaw]

 

light, not heavy

ha-ha (háha) - light, not heavy

ex: ha-ha hi (háha hi) - very light, not very heavy [MS]

Dhegiha: ha-ha-da (hahada) - lightweight [Omaha]; ha-ha-daⁿ (háhadáⁿ) - light [JOD-Omaha]; ha-ha (há-ha) - light weight [FL-Osage]; ha-ha (háha) - light, lightweight [Kaw]

 

light, the morning light

haⁿ-ba (hąbá), hoⁿ-ba (hǫbá) - light, the morning light

cf. haⁿ-ba (hą́ba), hoⁿ-ba (hǫ́ba), hoⁿ-pa (hǫ́pa), haⁿ-pa (hą́pa) - day, daytime; hoⁿ-pa (hǫ́pa) - day; haⁿ-ba wa-ska-de (hąbá waskáde) - daylight; ha-pa haⁿ-ke (hąp͓a hą́ke) - nearly day [JOD]; haⁿ-ba haⁿ-ke-te (hą́ba hą́kette) - nearly dawn; haⁿ-pa haⁿ-ke-te (hą́pa hą́kette) - nearly day; haⁿ-ba i-ta-xe (hą́ba ittáγe), haⁿ-pa iⁿ-ta-xe saⁿ-haⁿ (hą́pa įttáγe są́hą) - daybreak, lit. “tip of daylight”; haⁿ-pa ska (hą́pa ska) - First Light of Day; Daylight, male name [MS]; haⁿ-pa ska-de (hą́pa skáde) - daylight [JOD]; haⁿ-ba saⁿ-haⁿ ti-he (hą́ba są́hą tihé) - dawn, daybreak [JOD]; ti o-haⁿ-ba-de (ttí ohą́bade) - window, “what admits light”; ti o-haⁿ-ba-de o-zhi (ttí ohą́bade oží) - window opening or hole; aⁿ-ba (ą́ba) - morning, before daybreak; di-aⁿ-ba (dią́ba) - sheet lightning; o-ki-aⁿ-ba (ókkiąba) - flash; taⁿ-ba (tą́ba), toⁿ-ba (tǫ́ba) - a light

Dhegiha: oⁿ-ba (óⁿba) - day [Omaha/Ponca]; hoⁿ-ba (hóⁿ-ba) - day [FL-Osage]; haⁿ-pa (hą́ąpa) - day [CQ-Osage]; haⁿ-ba (háⁿba) - day [Kaw]

 

light, what admits light

ti o-haⁿ-ba-de (ttí ohą́bade) - window, “what admits light”

cf. ti o-haⁿ-ba-de o-zhi (ttí ohą́bade oží) - window opening or hole

Dhegiha: wi-u-goⁿ-ba (wíugóⁿba) - window, what light can be seen through; window glass [Omaha/Ponca]; we-u-goⁿ-ba (wéugoⁿba) - window glass [Omaha]; u-ga-hoⁿ-ba (u-gá-hoⁿ-ba) - window, a window glass, pane of glass [FL-Osage]; o-ka-haⁿ-pa (okáhąpa) - window, pane of glass, window glass, lit., “place where by sudden action daylight” [CQ-Osage]; o-ga-haⁿ-ba (ogáhaⁿbà), o-ga-hoⁿ-ba (ogáhoⁿbà) - window, glass, glass generally [Kaw]

 

light, white light

ma-xe o-ta-saⁿ-haⁿ (maγe ottasąhą) - aurora, “upper world which shines with white light”

cf. ma-xe (máxe) - sky, cloudless, also “the upper world”; saⁿ (są) - white in the distance

saⁿ-haⁿ (są́hą) - whitish, grayish, white in the distance; siⁿ-te saⁿ-haⁿ (sįtte są́hą) - whitish grayish tail (of a rabbit) [JOD]; zhi-te saⁿ-haⁿ (žítte sąhą́) - scarlet, pink; zhi-te saⁿ-haⁿ (žítte sąhą́) - pink [OM)]; haⁿ-pa iⁿ-ta-xe saⁿ-haⁿ (hą́pa įttáγe są́hą) - daybreak, lit. “tip of daylight”; haⁿ-ba saⁿ-haⁿ ti-he (hą́ba są́hą tihé) - dawn, daybreak [JOD]; to soⁿ-ha (tu soⁿho) - pale green [JOD]; tu sa-ho (tu sá-ho) - pale green [OM]

Dhegiha: moⁿ-xe (moⁿxe) - sky [Omaha]; moⁿ-xe (móⁿ-xe) - the sky [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-xe (mą́ąɣe) - sky, weather, the upper world [CQ-Osage]; maⁿ-ghe (máⁿghe) - sky, weather, the upper world [Kaw]

Dhegiha: soⁿ (çoⁿ) - pale [Omaha]; soⁿ-the (sóⁿthe) - cleanse, whiten, whitewash [Omaha/Ponca]; soⁿ-hoⁿ (çóⁿ-hoⁿ) - resembling white, whitened animal skins [FL-Osage]; saⁿ-haⁿ (sáⁿhaⁿ) - whitish, grayish [Kaw]

 

lightly

i-we-pi-aⁿ (íweppią́) - hit softly, lightly i-we-pi-maⁿ (íweppimą́) - I, i-we-shpi-zhaⁿ (íwešpižą́) - you

cf. i-we-pi-aⁿ-hi (íweppią́hi) - pull, bite, tug gently on something

 

ki-zho-wa-zhi (kkižówaži) - pull lightly on something a-ki-zho-wa-zhi (akkížowaži) - I, da-ki-zho-wa-zhi (dakkížowaži) - you

cf. a-zho-wa hi (ažowá hi) - as fast as possible [JOD]; a-zho-wa xti (ážowá xti) - with a great effort, with all one’s might [JOD]; ki-zho-wa (kižówa) - quick, handy; zhi (ži) - not, negative, negation

 

lightning, forked lightning

di-kdi-ze (dikdíze) - lightning, forked lightning

di-kdi-ze (dikdíze) - lightning [MS]

di-kdi-ze (d¢i-kt¢í-ze) - masculine name of the Kwapa taⁿ-daⁿ (taⁿd¢aⁿ́) or taⁿ-daⁿ wa-taⁿ-ka (taⁿd¢aⁿ waⁿtañ́k͓a) gens; Forked lightning; Lightning (of Elk?) [JOD]

Dhegiha: thi-gthi-ze (thigthíze) - lightening, forked lightening [Omaha/Ponca]; thi-gthi-ze (thígthiçe) - electricity [Omaha]; thi-gthi-ze (thi-gthí-çe) - to make striped marks [FL-Osage]

Dhegiha: thi-gthe-gthe-ze (thi-gthé-gthe-çe) - the lightning that breaks into branches, forked lightning [FL-Osage]; thi-le-le-ze (ðiléleze) - forked lightning, lit., “making repeated stripes” [CQ-Osage]; yu-le-le-ze (yuléleze) - forked lightning [Kaw]

 

lightning, sheet lightning

di-aⁿ-ba (dią́ba) - sheet lightning

di-aⁿ-ba i-de (dią́ba idé) - lightning, to sheet, to strike

cf. o-ki-aⁿ-ba (ókkiąba) - flash

Dhegiha: thi-oⁿ-ba (thióⁿba) - lightening, sheet lightening [Omaha/Ponca]; thi-oⁿ-ba (thióⁿba) - lightning [Omaha]; thi-hoⁿ-ba (thi-hóⁿ-ba) - lightning [FL-Osage]; yu-oⁿ-ba (yuóⁿba) - sheet lightning [Kaw]

Dhegiha: u-thi-oⁿ-ba (uthíoⁿba) - flash; to flash as lightning; to wave a mirror, making it flash in the sunlight; to reflect, as light from a pail of water set in the sun [Omaha/Ponca]; u-thi-oⁿ-oⁿ-ba (uthíoⁿóⁿba) - to flash repeatedly [Omaha/Ponca]

 

like or equal

kaⁿ-ze (kką́ze), koⁿ-ze (kkǫ́ze) - equal in

cf. kaⁿ-se (kańse), (káñsĕ) - Kwapa name for the Kansa Indians [JOD]; kaⁿ-ze (ką́ze), koⁿ-ze (kǫ́ze) - pretend, feign, “to pretend by being equal to, to pretend by being similar to, to pretend by acting as, to pretend being like”; kaⁿ-ze a-na (kką́ze ána) - equal in quantity, number; kaⁿ-ze a-na-ska (kką́ze ánaska) - of equal or like size; kaⁿ-ze a-tʰaⁿ (kką́ze átʰą) - of equal length; kaⁿ-ze a-tʰaⁿ-ha (kką́ze átʰąha) - equal or like depth; kaⁿ-ze a-tʰaⁿ-ka (kką́ze atʰąkká) - of equal height; koⁿ-ze e-koⁿ (kkǫ́ze ekǫ), koⁿ-ze e-kaⁿ (kkǫ́ze eką), koⁿ-ze a-kaⁿ (kkǫ́ze áką) - similar, alike; koⁿ-ze e-koⁿ a-zhi (kkǫ́ze ékǫ áži) - copy, write over again; koⁿ-ze e-koⁿ-kʰi-de (kkǫ́ze ekǫkʰíde), koⁿ-ze a-kaⁿ-kʰi-de (kkǫ́ze ákąkʰíde) - treat the same, get even with; ki-koⁿ-ze (kíkǫze), ki-kaⁿ-ze (kíkąze) - teach someone something, “to teach by being similar to, to teach by acting as, to teach by doing as”; wa-kaⁿ-ze (waką́ze) - teacher, “to act as them, to be similar to them, to be like them, to do as them”; e-ta-kaⁿ-za (ettákkąza) - above, directly, opposite; e-ta-ki-kaⁿ-za (ettákkikką́za) - opposite, even with, parallel

Dhegiha: i-goⁿ-za (ígoⁿça) - copy [Omaha]; goⁿ-ze-goⁿ (goⁿ-çé-goⁿ) - alike in appearance, similar, uniform [FL-Osage]; goⁿ-ze ʰki-goⁿ (goⁿ-çé ḳi-goⁿ) - alike, resembling [FL-Osage]; goⁿ-ze ʰki-toⁿ-ha (goⁿ-çé ḳi-toⁿ-ha) - equal in height [FL-Osage]; goⁿ-ze thoⁿ-ska (goⁿ-çé 'thoⁿ-çka) - same in size, as large as [FL-Osage]; koⁿ-ze-ʰki-ʰkoⁿ (kǫzéʰkiʰkǫ) - similar to or like each other, resembling each other [CQ-Osage]; koⁿ-ze-koⁿ (kǫzékǫ) - be the same as or like another, like, similar to or identical to [CQ-Osage]; go-ze e-go (góze égo) - alike, resembling something [Kaw]; go-ze ei-ki-khaⁿ (góze ékikhaⁿ) - equal length [Kaw]; go-ze e-na (góze éna) - equal, even in number or quantity, an even number [Kaw]; go-ze e-yoⁿ-ska (góze éyoⁿska) - equal in size, as large as, same size [Kaw]

 

like or equal depth

kaⁿ-ze a-tʰaⁿ-ha (kką́ze átʰąha) - equal or like depth

cf. kaⁿ-ze (kką́ze), koⁿ-ze (kkǫ́ze) - equal in; a-tʰaⁿ-ha (atʰą́ha) - how deep; de-tʰaⁿ-ha (detʰą́ha) - deep, this much; miⁿ-de-tʰaⁿ-ha (mįdétʰąha) - half that depth; she-tʰaⁿ-ha (šetʰą́ha) - deep enough, a certain depth

 

like or equal height

kaⁿ-ze a-tʰaⁿ-ka (kką́ze atʰąkká) - of equal height

cf. kaⁿ-ze (kką́ze), koⁿ-ze (kkǫ́ze) - equal in; a-tʰaⁿ-ka (atʰąkká) - how tall, how high; de-tʰaⁿ-ka (detʰąkká), de-taⁿ-ka (dettąká) - tall, this (much); miⁿ-de-tʰaⁿ-ka (mįdétʰąká) - half that height; she-tʰaⁿ-ka (šetʰąkká), she-taⁿ-ka (šettąká) - tall enough, a certain height

 

like or equal in quantity or number

kaⁿ-ze a-na (kką́ze ána) - equal in quantity, number

cf. kaⁿ-ze (kką́ze), koⁿ-ze (kkǫ́ze) - equal in; de-she-naⁿ (dešeną́) - quantity, this much, many; koi-she-naⁿ (kóišeną́) - that amount, that quantity; mi-de-naⁿ (mįdéną) - half that many, quantity

Dhegiha: go-ze e-na (góze éna) - equal, even in number or quantity, an even number [Kaw]

 

like or equal length

kaⁿ-ze a-tʰaⁿ (kką́ze átʰą) - of equal length

cf. kaⁿ-ze (kką́ze), koⁿ-ze (kkǫ́ze) - equal in; ka-tʰaⁿ (katʰą́) - that long, of that length; miⁿ-de-tʰoⁿ (mįdétʰǫ), miⁿ-de-toⁿ (mįdéttǫ) - half that length; she-tʰaⁿ (šetʰą) - long enough, a certain length

 

like or equal size

kaⁿ-ze a-na-ska (kką́ze ánaska) - of equal or like size

cf. kaⁿ-ze (kką́ze), koⁿ-ze (kkǫ́ze) - equal in; miⁿ-de-na-ska (mįdénaska) - half that size; de-na-ska (denaská) - of this size; ka-na-ska (kanaská) - of that size; koi-na-ska (kóinaská) - size of that distant object; she-na-ska (šenaská) - big enough size, of that size; ha-na-ska (hánaská) - how big/small, what size; ha-na-ska naⁿ-naⁿ (hánaska ną́ną) - how big is each, distributive; ha-na-ska-ska (hánaskáska) - how big is each; ha-na-ska-ska hi-te (hánaskáska hitté) - whatever size, however big

Dhegiha: goⁿ-ze thoⁿ-ska (goⁿçé thoⁿ-çka) - same in size, as large as [FL-Osage]; go-ze e-yoⁿ-ska (góze éyoⁿska) - equal in size, as large as, same size [Kaw]

 

like this, this sort, this kind

de-kaⁿ (déką) - this-like [JOD]

de-kaⁿ (deką́) - this sort [JOD]

cf. de (de) - this, now; e-kaⁿ (eką́), e-koⁿ (ekǫ́) - like, like that, as, so, thus

Dhegiha: the-goⁿ (thé-goⁿ) - like this, this kind [FL-Osage]; the e-koⁿ (ðée ekǫ́) - this way, that way, thus, like this, like that [CQ-Osage]

 

de-ke-kaⁿ (dekeką́) - this kind [JOD]

cf. de-ke (déke) - these st/an; de-kʰe (dékʰe) - this ly/in; e-kaⁿ (eką́), e-koⁿ (ekǫ́) - like, like that, as, so, thus

Dhegiha: the-goⁿ (thé-goⁿ) - like this, this kind [FL-Osage]; the e-koⁿ (ðée ekǫ́) - this way, that way, thus, like this, like that [CQ-Osage]

 

like, feel like

ti-aⁿ (tią́) - to feel like, somewhat

ex: a-te-zhe ti-aⁿ a-ta-ha (atéže tią́ áttaha) - I feel a strong urge to urintate [JOD]

ex: wa-x’o niⁿ-kʰe te-zhe ti-aⁿ niⁿ-kʰe (waxʔó nįkʰé téže tią́ nįkʰé) - the woman was feeling the urge to urinate [JOD]

ex: he-shiⁿ ti-aⁿ (héšį tią́) - feel a sneeze coming on

ex: a-ki-zhi ti-aⁿ (ákkiži tią́) - feel like farting

ex: a-zhoⁿ ti-aⁿ (ažǫ́ tią́) - I want to lay down (I feel like lying down) [MS]

ex: a-zhoⁿ ti-aⁿ (ažǫ́ tią́) - I'm going to bed (I feel like lying down) [OM]

ex: da-zhoⁿ ti-aⁿ (dažǫ́ tią́) - sleepy (you feel like laying down) [MS]

 

a-ki-zhi ti-aⁿ (ákkiži tią́) - feel like farting a-ki-zhi ti-aⁿ (áakkiži tią́) - I feel like farting, a-da-ki-zhi ti-aⁿ (ádakkiži tią́) - you feel like farting

cf. a-ki-zhi (ákkiži) - fart, break wind; ti-aⁿ (tią́) - to feel like, somewhat

Dhegiha: thi-zhi-tse (ðižíce) - break wind, fart with a small noise, by letting the air out slowly [CQ-Osage]; a-yu-zhiⁿ-je (áyuzhíⁿje) - break wind, fart (with noise) [Kaw]

 

like, I sure like it

a-toⁿ-we (átǫwe) - I sure like it [MS]

 

like, it will be like that

e-kaⁿ te (eką́ tte), e-koⁿ te (ekǫ́ tte) - so shall it be, it will be like that [JOD]

cf. e-kaⁿ (eką́), e-koⁿ (ekǫ́) - like, thus, like that, so; te (tte) - future, potential or optative marker, shall

ex: e-kaⁿ te (eką́ tte) - so-will be [JOD]

ex: “hau, e-kaⁿ te,” i-yi (“hau, eką́ tte,” iyí) - “yes, it will be like that,” he said; “yes, so shall it be,” he said [JOD]

ex: “hau, e-kaⁿ te,” i-yi i-ya-we (“hau, eką́ tte,” iyí iyáwe) - he said, “yes, it will be like that,” they say; he said, “yes, so shall it be,” they say [JOD]

ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ e-ti knoⁿ-ke te i-ka-zo-zo ka-xe a-taⁿ a-ki-niⁿ hi taⁿ toⁿ-we taⁿ naⁿ-zha, “e-koⁿ te,” i-ke (kóišǫ́ttą étti knǫké tte íkazózo káγe attą́ akínį hí tą tǫ́we tą ną́ža, “ekǫ́ tte,” iké) - then he wrote the letter (asking) to marry and took it to her, when she looked at it she said, “so shall it be (it will be so)” [JOD]

Dhegiha: e-gaⁿ (e-gáⁿ) - as; so; that being the case [JOD-Omaha]; e-gaⁿ (é-gaⁿ) - so; to be so; to do as another has said or done; to be as another has said; used as the equivilant of the English adverbial ending, -ly (like); as, so; for the same purpose; used in forming a strong imperative; used in formimg a strong optative [JOD-Omaha]; e-goⁿ (egoⁿ) - as, like, kind, type, certainly, action [Omaha]; e-goⁿ (e-goⁿ) - like [FL-Osage]; e-koⁿ (ékǫ) - like, similar to, like that, likewise, similarly, somewhat, kind of, rather, slightly, a bit, right, correctly, correct, appropriate, appropriately, that is right, true!, correct!, that’s the way!, thus, therefore, mean, signify, happen, be so, be as [CQ-Osage]; e-go (égo) - like, as, so; to be that kind, be such [Kaw]

Dhegiha: te (te) - future sign, will, let, please [JOD-Omaha]; ʰtse (ṭse) - shall or will go [FL-Osage]; ʰtse (ʰce) - may it be that, let, allow, have, tell, let’s; tse (ce) - future or potential aspect: shall or will; please [Kaw]

 

like, like that, as, so, thus

e-kaⁿ (eką́), e-koⁿ (ekǫ́) - like, thus, like that, so

e-koⁿ (ékǫ), (ekǫ́) - like

a-kaⁿ (áką) - like, as, so

cf. koⁿ (kǫ), kaⁿ (ką) - as, since; e-kaⁿ te (eką́ tte), e-koⁿ te (ekǫ́ tte) - so shall it be, it will be like that [JOD]; e-kaⁿ xti (éką xtí), e-koⁿ xti (ekǫ́ xti) - really, just so; koⁿ-ze e-koⁿ a-zhi (kkǫ́ze ékǫ áži) - copy, write over again; koⁿ-ze e-koⁿ (kkǫ́ze ekǫ), koⁿ-ze e-kaⁿ (kkǫ́ze eką), koⁿ-ze a-kaⁿ (kkǫ́ze áką) - similar, alike; koⁿ-ze e-koⁿ-kʰi-de (kkǫ́ze ekǫkʰíde), koⁿ-ze a-kaⁿ-kʰi-de (kkǫ́ze ákąkʰíde) - treat the same, get even with

ex: e-koⁿ ka-xe a-wi-ka-zhi (ekǫ́ káγe áwikaži) - I commanded you to do so

ex: si-kde di-ta e-koⁿ wi-ta zhi (sikdé dítta ekǫ́ wítta ži) - it looks just like your tracks, not mine [MS

ex: “e-shoⁿ shi e-koⁿ t’e-di-da-we” i-ye niⁿ i-ya (“ešǫ́ ši ekǫ́ tʔédidawe” iyé nį iyá) - “then, you went and thus, like that, they killed you,” she was saying, it is said (they say) [JOD]

ex: e-kaⁿ pa-xe te (eką́ ppáγe tté) - I will make it like that [JOD]

ex: e-kaⁿ hi pa-xe te (eką́ hi ppáγe tte) - so or like that-very-I make it-will’ (JOD)]

ex: e-kaⁿ (eką́) - did so (3rd. person) [JOD]

ex: e-toⁿ ma-shtiⁿ-ke ni-ka-shi-ka o-do-wa-ki e-koⁿ za-ni-xti t’e-wa-de koⁿ-da naⁿ i-ya (ettǫ́ maštį́ke níkkašíka odówakki ekǫ́ zaní-xti tʔewade kǫ́da ną iyá) - therefore the rabbit, who sided with the people (Indians) wanted to kill all of the black bears, it is said (they say) [JOD]

ex: de haⁿ-ka e-zhiⁿ-ke e-tʰaⁿ-zhi hi e-de, e-zhi hi e-koⁿ, ma-shtiⁿ-ke kaⁿ hi (de hą́ka ežį́ke etʰą́ži hí edé, éži hí ekǫ́, maštį́ke ką hí) - surely this is not Haⁿ-ka’s son, he’s different, sure enough looks like a rabbit [JOD]

ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ zho bdo-ka hi we-s’a o-do-hi i-ya-we, we-s’a-xti kde-zhe pe-xe ttaⁿ e-koⁿ o-do-hi i-ya-we (kóišǫ́ttą žo bdóka hi wésʔa odóhi iyáwe, wésʔaxti kdežé ppéγe ttą ekǫ́ odóhi iyáwe) - then her entire flesh/body turned into a snake, they say, turned into a rattlesnake (spotted real snake) with a rattle, like that, they say [JOD]

ex: ti-aⁿ-ti e-koⁿ pa naⁿ i-ya-we (ttiąttí ekǫ́ pá ną iyáwe) - in the olden times they were like that, they say [JOD]

Dhegiha: e-gaⁿ (e-gáⁿ) - as; so; that being the case [JOD-Omaha]; e-gaⁿ (é-gaⁿ) - so; to be so; to do as another has said or done; to be as another has said; used as the equivilant of the English adverbial ending, -ly (like); as, so; for the same purpose; used in forming a strong imperative; used in formimg a strong optative [JOD-Omaha]; e-goⁿ (egoⁿ) - as, like, kind, type, certainly, action [Omaha]; e-goⁿ (e-goⁿ) - like [FL-Osage]; e-koⁿ (ékǫ) - like, similar to, like that, likewise, similarly, somewhat, kind of, rather, slightly, a bit, right, correctly, correct, appropriate, appropriately, that is right, true!, correct!, that’s the way!, thus, therefore, mean, signify, happen, be so, be as [CQ-Osage]; e-go (égo) - like, as, so; to be that kind, be such [Kaw]

 

like, love

o-xta-de (óxtade) - like, love o-xta-a-de (óxtaadé) - I, o-xta-da-de (óxtadadé) - you

cf. o-xta (óxta) - good, desirable; o-xta-xti (óxtaxti) - honor someone, treat with respect; xta-de (xtadé) - love; xta-ki-de (xtákkide) - love one’s own

Dhegiha: u-xta-the (úqta-¢ĕ) - to be very fond of, to have a deep love for [JOD-Omaha]; u-xta-the (ú-xta-the) - to be fond of a person [FL-Osage]; o-xta-ye (óxtaye) - like someone [Kaw]

Dhegiha: u-xta (úqta) - good, excellent, desirable [JOD-Omaha]; u-xta (ú-xta) - marvelous, pleasing, mysterious, lovable, to prize highly, to hold a thing precious or valuable [FL-Osage]; o-xta (óxta) - precious, dear or beloved, valuable, marvelous, important, special, right, respectable [CQ-osage]; o-xta (óxta) - pleasing [Kaw]

 

like, similar

koⁿ-ze e-koⁿ (kkǫ́ze ekǫ), koⁿ-ze e-kaⁿ (kkǫ́ze eką), koⁿ-ze a-kaⁿ (kkǫ́ze áką) - similar, alike

cf. koⁿ-ze (kkǫ́ze), kaⁿ-ze (kką́ze) - equal in; e-kaⁿ (eką́), e-koⁿ (ekǫ́) - like, thus, like that, so

Dhegiha: goⁿ-ze-go (goⁿ-çé-goⁿ) - alike in appearance, similar, uniform [FL-Osage]; koⁿ-ze-koⁿ (kǫzékǫ) - be the same as or like another, like, similar to or identical to [CQ-Osage]; koⁿ-ze e-koⁿ (k͓ŭⁿ́-s͓e é-k͓ŭⁿ) - alike, resembling something else referred to [JOD-Osage]; go-ze e-go (góze égo) - alike, resembling something [Kaw]

 

like, smell like

bnaⁿ (bną) - smell, emit any odor

bnaⁿ (bną) - smell [OM]

cf. di-bdaⁿ (dibdą́), di-bnaⁿ (dibną́) - smell (hands); o-di-bnaⁿ (odíbną) - inhale something, smell something; xoⁿ-te o-di-bnaⁿ (xǫtté odibną) - smoke, to inhale cedar smoke, to use cedar [MS]; ta-bnaⁿ (tábną) - to smell of something burning; bdaⁿ shi-ke (bdą šíke), bnaⁿ shi-ke (bną šíke) - smell bad; bdaⁿ ho-taⁿ (bdą hóttą), bnaⁿ ho-taⁿ (bną hóttą) - smell good

ex: ni-ka-shi-ka bnaⁿ (níkkašíka bną́) - smells like a human being [JOD]

ex: “ni-ka-shi-ka bnaⁿ a-ta-ha,” i-ya taⁿ pa o-di-bnaⁿ naⁿ kaⁿ-niⁿ-kʰe naⁿ i-ya-we (“níkkašíka bną́ attahá,” iyá tą ppá ódibną́ ną ką́-nįkʰé ną iyáwe) - as he sat awhile, he sniffed around with his nose, he said, “sure enough smells like a human being”, they say [JOD]

ex: xdi bnaⁿ (xdí bną), xti bnaⁿ (xtí bną) - smell like decayed vegetables

Dhegiha: bthoⁿ (bthoⁿ) - smell, emit odor [Omaha/Ponca]; bthoⁿ (bthoⁿ) - odor, scent [FL-Osage]; braⁿ (brą́) - smell, emanate an odor, give off a fragrance, scent [CQ-Osage]; blaⁿ (blaⁿ) - smell, odor, emit an odor, exhale [Kaw]

 

like, to like or prize them

wa-saⁿ-de (wasą́de) - to like or prize them

ex: wa-saⁿ-de (wasą́de) - she liked/prized them [JOD]

ex: koi-shoⁿ-taⁿ she-mi ke wa-ki-shka-te haⁿ-e-aⁿ-zhi wa-saⁿ-de tʰaⁿ naⁿ (kóišǫ́ttą šemí ke wákiškátte hą́eąží wasą́de tʰą́ ną) - then-girl-the plural-played with them-a great deal-she liked (prized) them-the standing-past sign [JOD]

 

like, to like, happy, pleased

ki-da-kni  (kidákni), ki-da-kniⁿ (kídaknį) - happy, pleased, to like aⁿ-da-kni  (ą́dakni) - I’m, di-da-kni  (dídakni) - you’re

cf. ki-da-kni-zhi (kídakníži) - unhappy, discontented; wa-da-kni (wadákni) - be happy, be pleased; wa-da-kni-zhi (wadákniži) - be unhappy, be displeased; da-kni (dákni), da-kniⁿ (dáknį) - archaic word for good, used primarily in Quapaw personal names; i-shta we-de da-kniⁿ-zhi (ištá wéde daknį́ži) - be nearsighted

ex: i-wi-ki-de aⁿ-da-kni (íwíkide ą́dakní) - I’m glad to see you [AB, OM]

ex: aⁿ-da-kni wi-tʰi-koⁿ (ą́dakni witʰíkǫ) - I’m glad it’s (my) grandpa [MS]

ex: wi-ti-mi i-wi-ki-de aⁿ-da-kni (wittími íwíkide ą́dakní) - my aunt, I’m glad to see you [FR]

ex: a-tʰi miⁿ-kʰe aⁿ-da-kni hoⁿ-ba-de, de-ho-taⁿ xti, ho-taⁿ miⁿ-kʰe (atʰí mįkʰé ą́dakni hǫ́bade, dehóttą xti, hóttą mįkʰé) - today was a nice day, and I am glad to be here [MR]

ex: i-e ki-da-kni (ié kidákni) - he likes to talk [MS]

ex: t’e ki-da-kniⁿ pa naⁿ (tʔe kidáknį pa ną) - they liked to die

Dhegiha: gi-tha-gthiⁿ (gí-tha-gthiⁿ) - happy, pleased [FL-Osage]; ki-tha-liⁿ (kiðálį) - be glad, feel good, also used as an equivalent of thank you, like, enjoy, be happy about, be pleased with [CQ-Osage]; gi-ya-le (gíyale) - be happy [Kaw]

Dhegiha: tha-gthiⁿ (¢á-g¢iⁿ) - good, this is the Ponka notation of the Osage tha-gthiⁿ (¢ak͓¢iⁿ) and the Kansas ya-liⁿ(yaliⁿ). Used primarily in Ponca names [Omaha/Ponca]; tha-gthiⁿ (thá-gthiⁿ) - good, fine, nice, pleasing in manner, exceedingly good, splendid, to be pleased [FL-Osage]; tha-liⁿ (ðáalį) - be good, feel good about something, be glad, thank you, fine, splendid, pretty, beautiful, handsome, good, well, finely, skillfully [CQ-Osage]; ya-li (yáli), ya-liⁿ (yáliⁿ), ya-le (yále) - to be good, as a good oe well-behaved person, or good food [Kaw]

 

ki-ho-taⁿ (kíhottą) - to like, pleased

cf. ho-ta (hóttą) - good; ki-ho-taⁿ  (kíhottą) - convalesce, improve

ex: ki-ho-taⁿ ye wa-x’o koi (kíhottą ye waxʔó kói) - she liked it [MS]

ex: ki-ho-taⁿ a-ta-ha-zhi (kíhottą áttaháži) - dislike something intensely

Dhegiha: gi-tha-gthiⁿ (gí-tha-gthiⁿ) - happy, pleased [FL-Osage]; ki-tha-liⁿ (kiðálį) - be glad, feel good, also used as an equivalent of thank you, like, enjoy, be happy about, be pleased with [CQ-Osage]; gi-ya-le (gíyale) - be happy [Kaw]

 

like, to not like

ki-ho-taⁿ a-ta-ha-zhi (kíhottą áttaháži) - dislike something intensely aⁿ-ho-taⁿ a-ta-ha-zhi (ą́hottą áttaháži) - I, di-ho-taⁿ a-ta-ha-zhi (díhottą áttaháži) - you

cf. ho-taⁿ (hóttą) - good; a-ta-ha (áttaha) - too, exceedingly; zhi (zhi) - negative, negation, not; ki-ho-taⁿ ye wa-x’o koi (kíhottą ye waxʔó kói) - she liked it, lit., “that woman liked it” [MS]

 

ki-shoⁿ-zhi (kíšǫži) - to be displeased aⁿ-shoⁿ-zhi (ąšǫ́ži) - I, di-shoⁿ-zhi (dišǫ́ži) - you

cf. ki-wa-shoⁿ (kíwašǫ) - to be happy

ex: aⁿ-ki-da-zhi hi tʰe aⁿ-shoⁿ-zhi a-ta-pa (ą́kidáži hí tʰe ąšǫ́ži áttappá) - I did not like it much that he did not tell me at all

Dhegiha: gi-shoⁿ-zhi (gí-shoⁿ-zhi) - to dislike, disagree, to disapprove [FL-Osage]; ki-shoⁿ-zhi (k͓í-cŭⁿ-c͓i) - to dislike, to disagree with, to disapprove of [JOD-Osage]; gi-zu a-zhi (gí-çu a-zhi) - he is not happy over it, disconsolate [FL-Osage]; ki-zo-zhi (kízoži) - be lonesome, unhappy, sad, disconsolate [CQ-Osage]; gi-zo-zhi (gízozhi) - to be unhappy [Kaw]

 

koⁿ-da zhi (kǫdá ži) - to not want, not like koⁿ-bda zhi (kkǫbdá ži) - I, shkoⁿ-ta zhi (škǫ́tta ži) - you, koⁿ-da zhi (kǫdá ži) - he/she

ex: kaⁿ miⁿ-kʰe-ti ki-ha-ti a-zhoⁿ koⁿ-bda-zhi hi (ką́-mįkʰé-tti kihátti ažǫ́ kkǫ́bdáži hí) - so, I stayed there awhile, I really didn’t want to sleep on the ground [JOD]

ex: koⁿ-bda zhi (kkǫbdá ži) - I don’t like it (I don't want it) [MS]

ex: ti wi-ta ti da-tʰi koⁿ-bda zhi (tti wítta tti datʰí kkǫbdá ži) - I don't want you coming around my house [MS]

ex: hi-bde ta, ti wi-ta ti da-tʰi koⁿ-bda zhi (hibdé tta, tti wítta tti datʰí kkǫbdá ži) - when I’m gone, don’t you come around my house [MS]

ex: kdaⁿ-ni-ke ki-baⁿ, i-she koⁿ-bda zhi, kdaⁿ-ni-ke  ki-baⁿ taⁿ (kdąníke kibą, išé kkǫbdá ži, kdąníke kibą tą) - I don’t want you to say, when I’m drinking around here [MS]

ex: koⁿ-da zhi e (kǫdá ži e) - she didn't like it [MS]

 

o-kaⁿ-shi-ka (okką́šiká), o-koⁿ-shi-ka (okkǫ́šika) - hate

cf. o-kaⁿ-shi-ka-wa-de (okką́šikáwade) - hateful, abominable; o-kaⁿ-shi-kaⁿ ’oⁿ (okką́šiką́ ʔǫ́) - be hateful

ex: o-wi-kaⁿ-shi-ka (owíkkąšiká) - I hate you

ex: wa-jhi-ni aⁿ-ka-shi-ka (waǰíni ąkką́šiká) - white man didn’t like me [MS]

ex: aⁿ-ka-shi-ka wi-e-hoⁿ o-wa-kaⁿ-shi-ka, wa-jhi-ni (ąkką́šiká wíehǫ owákką́šiká waǰíni) - he (white man) don’t like me and I don’t like him either [MS]

 

limit, to the limit

hi-niⁿ-ha ’oⁿ (hínįhá ʔǫ́) - to do one’s utmost; to the limit

ex: di-si-si-ke hi-niⁿ-ha oⁿ-we (disísike hínįhá ǫ́wé)  - they all abuse one as much and as often as they can [JOD]

ex: wa-sa ke ni-ka-shi-ka i-xa-xa taⁿ-da he-we di-si-si-ke hi-niⁿ-ha oⁿ-we (wasá ke níkkašíka íxaxa ttą́da héwe: disísike hínįhá ǫ́wé) - the black bears made fun of mankind, they were very cruel to mankind [JOD]

 

limp, walk badly

maⁿ-niⁿ shi-ke (mąnį́ šíke) - limp, walk badly maⁿ-niⁿ aⁿ-shi-ke (mąnį́ ąšíke) - I, maⁿ-niⁿ di-shi-ke (mąnį́ dišíke) - you

cf. maⁿ-niⁿ (mąnį́) - walk; shi-ke (šíke) - bad; bdaⁿ shi-ke (bdą šíke), bnaⁿ shi-ke (bną šíke) - smell bad; ho-xpe shi-ke (hóxpe šíke) - tuberculosis, lit. “bad cough”; ma-zhaⁿ shi-ke (mažą́ šike) - war, lit. “bad land”; naⁿ-te shi-ke (ną́tte šíke) - sad, grieved, lit. “bad heart”; ni shi-ke (ni šíke) - whiskey, lit. “bad water”; wa-zhiⁿ shi-ke (wažį́ šíke) - mean, bad thoughts, hateful, spiteful

Dhegiha: moⁿ-thiⁿ (moⁿthíⁿ) - to walk [Omaha/Ponca]; maⁿ-thiⁿ (maⁿ¢iⁿ́) - to walk, to go; used also to express continued action [JOD-Omaha]; moⁿ-thiⁿ (moⁿ-thiⁿ), moⁿ-iⁿ (moⁿ-íⁿ) - to walk; to exist [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-thiⁿ (mąðį́), maⁿ-iⁿ (mą́į) - walk, go by walking, go by foot, go away, go, go on, get moving, go ahead, approach, move in closer, stay, act or live a certain way, go around a certain way [CQ-Osage]; maⁿ-yiⁿ (maⁿyíⁿ) - walk; move [Kaw]

 

line

ti-he (tihé) - becomes in a lg. line [JOD]

ex: haⁿ-ba saⁿ-haⁿ ti-he (hą́ba są́hą tihé) - dawn, daybreak [JOD]

ex: haⁿ-ba saⁿ-haⁿ ti-he taⁿ (hą́ba są́hą tihé tą) - as soon as you perceive that the day is breaking [JOD]

ex: haⁿ-ba saⁿ-haⁿ ti-he taⁿ (hą́ba są́hą tihé tą) - day/whitish/becomes in a lg. line/when [JOD]

ex: haⁿ-ba saⁿ-haⁿ ti-he taⁿ, o-da-kda-x’a-x’a ta-i (hą́ba są́hą tihé tą, odákdaxʔáxʔá taí) - when it is daybreak, you’all will give the scalp yell [JOD]

Dhegiha: ti-he (ti-hé) - marks sudden action, to have become suddenly [JOD-Omaha]; oⁿ-ba soⁿ-ti-he (oⁿba çoⁿtihe) - daybreak, dawn [Omaha]

 

line, draw a line

di-xo (diγó) - mark, scratch, draw line bdi-xo (bdíγo) - I, ti-xo (ttíγo) - you

Dhegiha: thi-xu (thixú) - draw, mark; to draw; to make marks on paper; to make marks such as are made on arrows [Omaha/Ponca]; thi-xu (thixu) - sketch, mark [Omaha]; thi-xu (thi-xú) - to scratch marks on rocks or draw lines on paper; to draw a line [FL-Osage]; yu-gho (yughó) - make scratch marks [Kaw]

 

line, fishing line

wa-hi ko-ke kaⁿ (wahí kkóke kką́) - fishing line

cf. wa-hi ko-ke (wahí kkóke) - fish hook, lit. “bent bone”; koⁿ (kkǫ), kaⁿ (kką) - root of a plant, sinew, string, line, vein, artery

ex: wa-hi ko-ke kaⁿ tʰe (wahí kkóke kką́ tʰe) - the fishing line

Dhegiha: koⁿ (koⁿ) - sinew, root, string [Omaha/Ponca]; koⁿ (koⁿ) - blood vessel, veins, artery, root, string [Omaha]; ʰkoⁿ (ʰkoⁿ) - a vein or blood vessel, roots of trees or plants, sinew [FL-Osage]; ʰkaⁿ (ʰką́), ʰkoⁿ (ʰkǫ́) - vein, artery, blood vessel [CQ-Osage]; k’aⁿ (kʔą) - root [CQ-Osage]; kaⁿ (kaⁿ) - vein, artery, root, sinew, string [Kaw]

 

line, pull out of line

di-ko-wiⁿ-xe (dikkówįγe) - turn, rotate, pull out of line bdi-ko-wiⁿ-xe (bdíwkkowįγe) - I, ti-ko-wiⁿ-xe (ttíkkowįγe) - you

cf. di-ko-wiⁿ-xe hi-de (dikkówįγe híde) - spin someone off balance; di-ko-wiⁿ-xe i-he-de (dikkówįγe ihéde) - turn something long; di-ko-wiⁿ-xa-xa (dikkówįγáγa) - to cause something to wobble; ba-ko-wiⁿ-xe (bakkówįγe) - turn, make revolve, push around; bi-ko-wiⁿ-xe (bikkówįγe) - push, blow in a circle; ka-ko-wiⁿ-xe (kakkówįγe) - turn around, circle; ki-kdi-ko-wiⁿ-xe (kkikdíkkowįγe) - turn oneself around; naⁿ-ko-wiⁿ-xe (nąkkówįγe) - treadle, use to turn something

Dhegiha: thi-ku-wiⁿ-xe (thi wiⁿxe) - turn [Omaha/Ponca]; thi-koiⁿ-xe (ðiiʰkóįɣe) - turn someone or something around [CQ-Osage]; yu-ko-miⁿ-ghe (yukómiⁿghe) - turn something around and around with the hands, to crank [Kaw]

 

line, string, rope

koⁿ (kkǫ), kaⁿ (kką) - root of a plant; sinew, string, line

cf. ta-kaⁿ (ttakką́) - thread, deer’s sinew; maⁿ-te-kaⁿ (mą́ttekką́) - bow string; wa-hi ko-ke kaⁿ (wahí kkóke kką́) - fishing line; hoⁿ-be-koⁿ (hǫbékkǫ) - shoelaces, moccasin strings; maⁿ-te kaⁿ-de (mąté-kkąde) - canoe string/rope [JOD]; maⁿ-te kaⁿ (mąté-kką) - canoe string/rope [JOD]; zhaⁿ-kaⁿ (žą́kką) - root; wa-pa-iⁿ kaⁿ (wappaį́ kką) - vein, artery; i-ki-kaⁿ-de (íkikką́de) - string one’s bow; i-kaⁿ-de (íkkąde) - lariat

ex: maⁿ-te kaⁿ-de ka-ba-xe i-ya-we, iⁿ-spe zhi-ka e i-oⁿ ka-ba-xe i-ya-we (mątté-kkąde kabáγe iyáwe, į́spe žiká é iǫ́ kabáγe iyáwe) - she chopped the canoe string/rope in two, they say, using the hatchet she chopped the string/rope in two, they say [JOD]

ex: maⁿ-te kaⁿ niⁿ-kʰe a-ba-xe (mątté-kką nįkʰe ábaγé) - I cut the canoe string/rope (with the hatchet) [JOD)]

Dhegiha: koⁿ (koⁿ) - sinew, root, string [Omaha/Ponca]; koⁿ (koⁿ) - blood vessel, veins, artery, root, string [Omaha]; ʰkoⁿ (ʰkoⁿ) - a vein or blood vessel, roots of trees or plants, sinew [FL-Osage]; ʰkaⁿ (ʰką́), ʰkoⁿ (ʰkǫ́) - vein, artery, blood vessel [CQ-Osage]; k’aⁿ (kʔą) - root [CQ-Osage]; kaⁿ (kaⁿ) - vein, artery, root, sinew, string [Kaw]

 

lion, mountain lion, panther, puma, cougar

iⁿ-taⁿ-daⁿ (įttą́dą), taⁿ-daⁿ (ttądą́) - panther, puma, mountain lion, cougar, similar terms are widespread in North America

iⁿ-ta-naⁿ taⁿ-ka (įttánąttą́ka) - panther

iⁿ-ta-naⁿ taⁿ-ka (įttáną ttą́ka) - mountain lion, panther, cougar, puma [MS]

taⁿ-daⁿ taⁿ-ka (ttą́dą ttą́ka) - mountain lion, puma

taⁿ-naⁿ taⁿ-ka (tonon-tunkah) - tiger or panther (tigre ou panthère) [GI]

taⁿ-daⁿ (ttądą́) - panther, puma, mountain lion

taⁿ-daⁿ e-ni-ka-shi-ka (taⁿd¢áⁿ énikacíka), taⁿ-daⁿ taⁿ-ka e-ni-ka-shi-ka (táⁿd¢aⁿ táñk͓a énikacíka) - the Panther or Mountain Lion gens (clan), obtained from Alphonsus Valliere [JOD]

cf. iⁿ-taⁿ-daⁿ kde-zhe (įttą́dą kdéže) - cat, domestic cat “spotted”; iⁿ-taⁿ-daⁿ kde-zhe zhi-ka (įttą́dą kdéže žíka) - kitten; iⁿ-taⁿ kde-zhe (įttą́ kdéže) - cat, speckled cat [MS, AG]; iⁿ-ta-naⁿ kde-zhe (įttaną kdéze) - bobcat; taⁿ-daⁿ kde-zhe ma-zhaⁿ-a-ti (ttądą́ kdéže mažą́atti) - bobcat, spotted cat; taⁿ-ke kde-she (DąGeGaDé˙še) - cat, domestic [FS]

 

lip

i-ha zho (íhažó) - lip

i-ha zho (í˙hažo) - lip(s), “mouth flesh” [FS]

cf. i-ha (íha) - mouth; zho (žo) - flesh, meat; i-ha-zho to-shi (íhažó toší) - lower lip; i-ha-zho maⁿ-shi (íhažó mąší) - upper lip; i-ha shka (íha šká) - be hare lipped; i-ha we-da-ba-zo (íha wédabázo) - point with the lips; i-ha hiⁿ (íhahį́) - mustache; i-ha ki-kde (íha kikdé) - kiss

ex: i-ha-zho kʰe (íhažó kʰe) - the lip

Dhegiha: i (i) - mouth of a person or animal [Omaha/Ponca]; i (i) - mouth [Omaha]; i (i) - mouth [FL-Osage]; i (i) - mouth [Kaw]

Dhegiha: i-ha (íha) - lip [Omaha/Ponca]; i-ha (íha) - mouth, lips [FL-Osage]; i-ha (íha) - lips [Omaha]; i-ha (íhaa) - mouth, lip [CQ-Osage]; i-ha (íha) - mouth, or top of the mouth; lips [Kaw]

Dhegiha: zhu (zhu) - flesh, body [Omaha/Ponca]; zhu (zhu) - flesh or body [FL-Osage]

 

lip, be hare lipped

i-ha shka (íha šká) - be hare lipped i-ha aⁿ-shka (íha ąšká) - I, i-ha di-shka (íha dišká) - you, i-ha wa-shka-we (íha waškáwe) - we

cf. i-ha (íha) - mouth

Dhegiha: i-ha se (íhaçe) - harelip [Omaha]; i-ha zha-ta (iha zhata) - harelip, split lip [Omaha]; i u-zne-ge (í uznége) - hare-lipped, cleft lip [Omaha/Ponca]; i-ha zha-ta (í-ha zha-ta) - harelip, broken lip [FL-Osage]; i-ha zha-ʰta (íhaa žáʰta) - broken or split lip, harelip [CQ-Osage]

 

lip, lower lip

i-ha-zho to-shi (íhažó toší) - lower lip

cf. i-ha zho (íhažó) - lip; to-shi (toší) - low, lower

ex: i-shta-ha to-shi (ištáha toší) - lower eyelid

ex: to-shi-hi-ta (tóšihítta) - at the bottom of something

ex: di-to-shi (dittóši) - pull down something as a window

ex: i-ha-zho to-zhi kʰe (íhažó toší kʰe) - the lower lip

Dhegiha: nu-shi (nú-ci) - low [JOD-Omaha]; nu-shi (núshi) - low [Omaha/Ponca]; nu-shi-a-ha (núshiáha) - low, short, below, down below [Omaha/Ponca]

 

lip, point with the lips

i-ha we-da-ba-zo (íha wédabázo) - point with the lips i-ha we-bda-ba-zo (íha wébdabazo) - I, i-ha we-ta-ba-zo (íha wéttabazo) - you

cf. i-ha (íha) - mouth; we-da-ba-zo (wédabázo) - pointer, index or forefinger; a-ba-zo (ábazo) - point at

Dhegiha: i-ha i-tha-ba-zu (í-ha i-tha-ba-çu) - to point at with the lips [FL-Osage]; i-ha i-ya-ba-zo (íha iyábazo) - point at something with the lips [Kaw]

Dhegiha: a-ba-zu (ábazu) - point, to point at with the finger [Omaha/Ponca]; a-ba-zu (abazu) - point [Omaha]; a-ba-zu (á-ba-çu) - to indicate, to point at; to select [FL-Osage]; a-pa-zo (ápazo) - point at, point to, select by pointing to[CQ-Osage]; a-ba-zo (ábazo) - point at with the finger [Kaw]

Dhegiha: we-a-ba-zu (wé-a-ba-çu) - a pointer, the index or first finger [FL-Osage]; we-a-pa-zo (wéapazo) - index finger, pointing finger, lit., “with which to point at things” [CQ-Osage]; we-ba-zo (webázo) - pointer, pointing finger [Kaw]

 

i a-da-zo-ka (í ádazokka), a-da-zo-ka (ádazokka) - point with the lips; close the lips and stick out the mouth i a-bda-zo-ka (í ábdazokka) - I, i a-ta-zo-ka (í áttazokka) - you, i oⁿ-ka-da-zo-ka-we (í ǫ́kadazókkawe) - we

cf. i (í) - mouth, lips; a-ba-zo (ábazo) - point at; da (da) - by mouth

Dhegiha: i (i) - mouth of a person or animal [Omaha/Ponca]; i (i) - mouth [Omaha]; i (i) - mouth [FL-Osage]; i (i) - mouth [Kaw]

 

lip, upper lip

i-ha-zho maⁿ-shi (íhažó mąší) - upper lip

cf. i-ha zho (íhažó) - lip; maⁿ-shi (mąší) - upper, upward, heaven; i-shta-ha maⁿ-shi (ištáha mąší) - upper eyelid; maⁿ-shi taⁿ-ka (mąší ttą́ka) - mountain; maⁿ-shi o-ki (mą́ši okkí) - Christian, lit. “talks on high”; mo-sho-ki (móšokki) - church, contraction of maⁿ-shi (mąší) - upward, heaven + o-ki (okí) - speak, talk with one [AG]; maⁿ-shi o-ki o-ti (mą́ši okkí ótti) - church, “house to talk above”; maⁿ-shi hi (mą́ši hí) - high, high up, incommunicative; maⁿ-shi de (mą́ši dé) - go up, ascend; di-maⁿ-shi (dimą́ši) - pull up high; maⁿ-shi hi (mąší hi) - cliff

ex: i-ha-zho maⁿ-shi kʰe (íhažó mąší kʰe) - the upper lip

Dhegiha: i-ha maⁿ-shi-ta (íha maⁿshíta) - upper lip [Kaw]

Dhegiha: moⁿ-shi a-di (moⁿshíadi) - tall, be very tall, extend from the ground far up into the air [Omaha/Ponca]; moⁿ-shi a-ha (moⁿshiaha) - high [Omaha]; moⁿ-shi (móⁿ-shi) - up above, the arch of heaven, zenith [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-shi (mą́ši) - be upward or upright [CQ-Osage]; maⁿ-shi (máⁿshi) - high up, as the sun in the sky [Kaw]; maⁿ-shi-ta (maⁿshíta) - above, upper, e.g. upper teeth [Kaw]

 

liquid

ni (ni) - water, liquid, stream, lake

ni (ni) - water [MR, AG, OM]

ni (nih) - water (eau) [GI]

ni (nih) - river (rivière) [GI]

ni (ni˙) - water [FS]

ex: ni ski-de (niskíde) - salt, lit. “sweet water”

ex: ni sni (nisní) - spring, lit. “cold water”

ex: ni shi-ke (ni šíke) - whiskey, lit. “bad water”

ex: ni xo-we (ni xówe) - mysterious water, holy/sacred water, the name for two sulpher springs, one on each side of Tar Creek, Indian Terr. [JOD]

ex: ha-zi ni (hazíni) - wine, grape juice

ex: i-ka-zo-zo ni (íkazózo ní) - ink

ex: kaⁿ-te ni (kkątténi) - apple juice

ex: ma-ze ni (mazéni) - milk, lit. “breast water”

ex: te-ska te-zhe-ni (tteská téženi) - beer, “cow urine”

ex: te-zhe ni (téženi) - urine

ex: zhoⁿ ni (žǫní), zhaⁿ ni (žąní) - maple sugar, “tree sap”

Dhegiha: ni (ní) - water [Omaha/Ponca]; ni (ni) - water, liquid, river [Omaha]; ni (ni) - water, river, rivulet, creek [FL-Osage]; ni (níi) - water, any fluid, liquid [CQ-Osage]; ni (ni) - water, river, any liquid [Kaw]

 

liquid, drip liquid

di-ts’e (ditsʔé) - drip liquid bdi-ts’e (bdítsʔe) - I, ti-ts’e (ttítsʔe) - you

cf. di-ts’e-ts’e (ditsʔétsʔe) - drip periodically; o-ts’e (otsʔé) - drop of any liquid; o-ts’e-kʰi-de (otsʔékʰide) - cause to drip; a-ka-ch’e-che’e (ákačʔéčʔe) - drip onto an object, drop by drop

Dhegiha: u-ga-’e (ugá’e) - to drip, to drop a small amount of liquid [Omaha/Ponca]; ga-e-’e (gae’e) - drip, dripping, dribble of water [Omaha]; a-ga-ʰts’e (a-gá-ṭs’e) - to drop, as water; to drop water on some object [FL-Osage]; o-thi-k’e (oðíkʔe) - drop something into [CQ-Osage]; a-ga-ts’e-ts’e (ágats’ets’e) - cause to drip, fall in drops; sprinkle [Kaw]; a-yu-ts’e-ts’e (áyuts’ets’e) - drip from the hand, through fingers [Kaw]; o-ts’e-ts’e (ots’éts’e) - whatever is dripping, in reference to liquids [Kaw]

 

liquid, drop of any liquid

o-ts’e (otsʔé) - drop of any liquid

cf.; o-ts’e-kʰi-de (otsʔékʰide) - cause to drip; di-ts’e (ditsʔé) - drip liquid; di-ts’e-ts’e (ditsʔétsʔe) - drip periodically; a-ka-ch’e-che’e (ákačʔéčʔe) - drip onto an object, drop by drop

Dhegiha: u-ga-’e (ugá’e) - to drip, to drop a small amount of liquid [Omaha/Ponca]; ga-e-’e (gae’e) - drip, dripping, dribble of water [Omaha]; a-ga-ʰts’e (a-gá-ṭs’e) - to drop, as water; to drop water on some object [FL-Osage]; o-thi-k’e (oðíkʔe) - drop something into [CQ-Osage]; a-ga-ts’e-ts’e (ágats’ets’e) - cause to drip, fall in drops; sprinkle [Kaw]; a-yu-ts’e-ts’e (áyuts’ets’e) - drip from the hand, through fingers [Kaw]; o-ts’e-ts’e (ots’éts’e) - whatever is dripping, in reference to liquids [Kaw]

 

liquid, pull over and spill (liquid)

di-shoⁿ (dišǫ́) - pull over and spill (liquid) bdi-shoⁿ (bdíšǫ) - I, ti-shoⁿ (ttíšǫ) - you

di-shaⁿ (dišą) - spill, pull over a vessel bdi-shaⁿ (bdíšą) - I, ti-shaⁿ (ttíšą) - you

cf. di-shoⁿ-da (dišǫdá) - pull over and spill (liquid); di-shoⁿ-da-da (dišǫ́dadá) - pull off balance; di-shoⁿ-shoⁿ-da (dišǫšǫda) - loosen by working back/forth; di-ki-kda-shoⁿ (dikkíkdašǫ) - turn upside down, pull over; ba-shoⁿ (bašǫ́) - spill, push over and spill; naⁿ-shoⁿ (nąšǫ́) - dislocate, trip and break

Dhegiha: thi-shoⁿ (thi-shóⁿ) - to dislocate by pulling [FL-Osage]; shoⁿ (shoⁿ) - dislocated, fallen off [Omaha/Ponca]

 

di-shoⁿ-da (dišǫdá) - pull over and spill (liquid) bdi-shoⁿ-da (bdíšǫda) - I, ti-shoⁿ-da (ttíšǫda) - you

cf. di-shoⁿ (dišǫ́) - pull over and spill (liquid); di-shoⁿ-da-da (dišǫ́dadá) - pull off balance; di-shoⁿ-shoⁿ-da (dišǫšǫda) - loosen by working back/forth; shoⁿ-da-da (šǫ́dada) - unsteady, insecure; ba-shoⁿ-da-da (bašǫ́dada) - loosen, destabilize pushing at dišǫšǫda) - loosen by working back/forth; bi-shoⁿ-da-da (bišǫ́dada) - upset, make unsteady pressing; da-shoⁿ-da-da (dašǫ́dadá) - undermine; ka-shoⁿ-da-da (kašǫ́dada) - undercut by striking, chopping; naⁿ-shoⁿ-da-da (nąšǫ́dadá) - destabilize with the foot; kick loose; pa-shoⁿ-da-da (pášǫdadá) - undercut, undermine; po-shoⁿ-da-da (póšǫdadá) - make top heavy by thrusting at; ta-shoⁿ-da-da (tášǫdadá) - top heavy, unsteady by burning

Dhegiha: shoⁿ-shoⁿ-tha (shoⁿshóⁿtha) - loosened, loosened in it’s socket, as a fence post or a tooth [Omaha/Ponca]; shoⁿ-shoⁿ-tha (shoⁿshoⁿtha) - loosened [Omaha]

liquor

ni shi-ke (ni šíke) - whiskey, lit. “bad water”

ni shi-ke (ni šíke) - whiskey [MS, AG, MW, OM]

cf. ni (ni) - water, liquid; shi-ke (šíke) - bad; ni shi-ke o-zhi (ni šíke oží) - whiskey bottle

Dhegiha: pe-de ni (péde ni) - whiskey, liquor, alcohol, any alcoholic beverage other than wine, “fire water” [Omaha/Ponca]; pe-de ni (péde ni) - whiskey, brandy, liquor [Omaha]; pe-de ni ska (pede ni çka) - alcohol [Omaha]; ʰpe-dse ni (p̣e-dse ni), ʰpe-de ni (p̣e-de ni) - fire water, intoxicant [FL-Osage]; ʰpe-dse ni ska  (p̣e-dse-ni-çka) - alcohol [FL-Osage]; ʰpe-tse ni (ʰpéecenii) - liquor, lit., “fire water” [CQ-Osage]; pe-je ni (péjeni) - whiskey, lit. “fire water” [Kaw]

 

ha-zi ni (hazíni) - wine, grape juice

ha-zi ni (hah-zinnih) - wine (vin) [GI]

cf. ha-zi (házi) - grape; ni (ni) - water, liquid

Dhegiha: ha-zi ni (haçini) - wine [Omaha]; ha-zi ni (há-çi-ni) - juice of grapes, wine [FL-Osage]; ha-zu ni (háazunii) - grape juice [CQ-Osage]; pe-je-ni sku-we (péjeni skúwe) - wine [Kaw]

 

te-ska te-zhe-ni (tteská téženi) - beer, “cow urine” [OM]

cf. te-ska (tteská) - cow, domestic cattle, “bison-white”; te-zhe-ni (téženi) - urine

Dhegiha: ka-wa tse-zhe-ni (ʰkáwaceženii) - beer, lit., “horse urine” [CQ-Osage]

Dhegiha: ni a-bi-xe (ni abixe) - beer, boiling water [Omaha]

 

zhoⁿ ni (jonnih) - rum, bourbon (rum) [GI]

zhoⁿ ni (jōn-nīh) - water of life, brandy (eau de vie) [GI]

zhoⁿ ni (žǫní), zhaⁿ ni (žąní) - maple sugar, “tree sap”

cf. zhaⁿ (žą), zhoⁿ (žǫ) - wood, tree; ni (ni) - water, liquid; zhoⁿ-ni hi (žǫní hi) - maple tree, Acer saccharum

Dhegiha: zhoⁿ ni (zhoⁿní) - sugar, syrup, honey; “wood water, wood sap” [Omaha/Ponca]; zhoⁿ ni (zhoⁿni) - sap, candy, fudge, sugar [Omaha]; zhaⁿ ni (jaⁿ-ní) - “wood water, wood sap,” sugar; syrup; strained honey [JOD-Omaha]; zhoⁿ ni (zhoⁿní) - sugar, candy, “wood water” [FL-Osage]; zhaⁿ ni (žąąníi) - sugar, lit., “tree water”, originally referring to maple sap or syrup [CQ-Osage]; zhaⁿ ni (zhaⁿní) - sugar [Kaw]

 

 

Back to Top