Quapaw Dictionary

English to Quapaw Dictionary
A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H-I-J-K-L-M-N-O-P-Q-R-S-T-U-V-W-X-Y-Z
Quapaw Sources	Dhegiha Sources

bite

► da-xta (daxtá) - bite something ► bda-xta (bdáxta) - I, ta-xta (ttáxta) - you, oⁿ-da-xta-we (ǫdáxtawe) - we

► ex: wi-bda-xta (wibdaxtá) - I bite you [MS]

► Dhegiha: tha-xta (thaxta) - bite, bit [Omaha]; tha-xta-ge (tha-xtá-ge) - to bite [FL-Osage]; tha-xta-ke (ðaaxtáke) - bite [CQ-Osage]; ya-xta-ge (yaxtáge) - bite, as dogs, horses, etc. do [Kaw]

► da-ba-xe (dabáγe) - bite in two ► bda-ba-xe (bdábaγe) - I, ta-ba-xe (ttábaγe) - you

► cf. ba-ba-xe (babáγe) - break by thrusting; di-ba-xe (dibáxe) - break by pulling; ka-ba-xe (kabáγe) - cut (a cord) in two; we-ka-ba-xe (wékabáγe) - mower, grass cutter; naⁿ-ba-xe (nąbáγe) - break a cord with the feet; pa-ba-xe (pábaγe) - cut in two, as a cord; po-ba-xe (póbaγe) - shoot a rope, cord in two

► ex: wa-so-so ta-ba-xe e (wasóso ttábaγe e) - did you bite the cord in two?

► Dhegiha: tha-ba-xe (tha-bá-xe) - to bite in two a string or cord [FL-Osage]; ya-ba-ghe (yabághe) - bite in two, pull apart by biting [Kaw]

► da-kʰiⁿ-te (dakʰį́tte) - bite at and miss, snap at ► bda-kʰiⁿ-te (bdákʰįtte) - I, ta-kʰiⁿ-te (ttákʰįtte) - you

► cf. ba-kʰiⁿ-te (bakʰį́tte ) - miss, slip pushing something; bi-kʰiⁿ-te (bikʰį́tte ) - rub a slippery surface; di-kʰiⁿ-te (dikʰį́tte) - lose grip, slip over; ka-kʰiⁿ-te (kakʰį́tte ) - strike at and miss; naⁿ-kʰiⁿ-te (nąkʰį́tte) - kick at and miss, pass by; pa-kʰiⁿ-te (pákʰįtte) - cut at something and miss it; po-kʰiⁿ-te (pókʰįtte) - graze something while shooting

► Dhegiha: ya-khiⁿ-je (yakhíⁿje) - snap at and miss, fail in speaking [Kaw]

► da-ta-ze (dattáze) - crackling sound by biting ► bda-ta-ze (bdáttaze) - I, ta-ta-ze (ttáttaze) - you

► cf. bi-ta-ze (bittáze) - crackle when squeezed; di-ta-ze (dittáze) - crackling sound, snapping; naⁿ-pe di-ta-ze hi (nąpé dittáze hí) - spice bush, spicewood tree, lit. "cracks across the grain"; ka-ta-ze (kattáze) - crackling sound of sticks; naⁿ-ta-ze (nąttáze) - crack, make noise by stepping; ta-ta-ze (tattáze) - crackle while burning

► Dhegiha: zhoⁿ da-da-ze (zhóⁿ-da-da-çe) - the mulberry tree, when this wood is used for fuel it makes a crackling sound [FL-Osage]; iⁿ-shta da-da-ze (iⁿ-shtá-xiⁿ da-da-çe) - the white man’s grasshopper, this refers to the red-winged grasshopper that is believed to have been introduced by white people, it makes a crackling noise as it flies up and down in the air [FL-Osage]; ʰta-ta-ze (ʰtáʰtaze) - tick, clatter, ticking, tapping, whizzing, or clicking sound [CQ-Osage]; ta-ta-se (tatáse) - ticking, the sound of a clock [Kaw]

► da-te-shka (dattešká) - bite off, shorten ► bda-te-shka (bdátteška) - I, ta-te-shka (ttatteška) - you

► cf. te-shka (ttešká) - short, stubby; bi-te-shka (bittešká) - press down, rub down; di-te-shka (dittešká, dittéška) - shorten, cut short, saw off; ka-te-shka (kattešká) - shorten by chopping off; pa-te-shka (pátteška) - cut short with a knife; po-te-shka (pótteška) - shorten by shooting/punching; ta-te-shka (tátteška) - shorten by burning, burn off; ta-te-shka-a-de (tátteškade) - shorten by burning, burn off

► Dhegiha: te-shka (téshka) - short [Omaha/Ponca]

► da-ti-ze (dattíze) - bite off something ► bda-ti-ze (bdáttize) - I, ta-ti-ze (ttáttize) - you

► da-wa-paiⁿ (dawappaį́) - bite and draw blood ► bda-wa-paiⁿ (bdáwappaį) - I, ta-wa-paiⁿ (ttáwappaį) - you

cf. da (da) - by mouth: inner instrumental prefix; wa-paiⁿ (wappaį́) - blood

► da-xoⁿ (daxǫ́) - break by biting ► bda-xoⁿ (bdaxǫ́) - I, ta-xoⁿ (ttaxǫ́) - you

► cf. da (da) - by mouth: inner instrumental prefix; xoⁿ (xǫ́) - break, broken, broke

► Dhegiha: tha-xoⁿ (tha-xóⁿ) - to break by biting [FL-Osage]; tha-xoⁿ (ðaaxǫ́) - break by biting, mouth [CQ-Osage]; ya-xoⁿ (yaxóⁿ) - break with the teeth [Kaw]

► da-zi-pa (dazíppa) - bite along the edge, nip ► bda-zi-pa (bdázippa) - I, ta-zi-pa (ttázippa) - you

► cf. ba-zi-pa (bazíppa) - edge, nudge, push on edge; bi-zi-pa (bizíppa) - sit/lie on the edge, to perch; di-zi-pa (dizíppa) - grasp or hold by the edge; ka-zi-pa (kazíppa) - chop, cut at the edge; kdi-zi-pa (kdizíppa) - hold, grasp edge of one's own; ki-di-zi-pa (kídizippa) - hold along the edge for someone; naⁿ-zi-pa (nązíppa) - walk along the edge of something; pa-zi-pa (pázippa) - cut along the edge with a knife; po-zi-pa (pózippa) - punch along the edge of something

► da-zho (dažó) - bite off ► bda-zho (bdážo) - I, ta-zho (ttážo) - you

► i-we-pi-aⁿ-hi (íweppią́hi) - pull, bite, tug gently on something ► i-we-pi-maⁿ-hi (íweppimą́hi) - I, i-we-shpi-zhaⁿ-hi (íwešpižą́hi) - you

► cf. i-we-pi-aⁿ (íweppią́) - hit softly, lightly

► ma-ze-pa wa-da-se (mazéppa wadáse) - katydid, lit."bites off a teat"

► cf. ma-ze-pa (mazéppa) - nipple of the breast; pa-se (páse) - cut off with a knife

► Dhegiha: ba-ze wa-tha-se (ba-çé-wa-tha-çe) - katydid, the Osage women lived in fear of the katydid [FL-Osage]; si-pa wa-tha-se (sipá watháse) - stag beetle, “toe biter” [Omaha/Ponca] …. ya-se (yasé) - bite off [Kaw]

bitter

► pa hi (ppahí) - bitter, “bitter - very”

► pa hi (ppahí) - bitter, “bitter - very” [MR]

► Dhegiha: pʰa (pʰǎ) - bitter [Omaha/Ponca]; pa (pa) - bitter taste [Omaha]; ʰpa (p̣a) - bitter [FL-Osage]; ʰpa (ʰpa) - bitter [CQ-Osage]; pa (pa) - bitter, sour [Kaw]

black

► sa (sa) - black that is near, distinct

► sa (sa) - black [MS, FR, LQ, OM]

► cf. sa to-ho (sá ttóho) - blue or green, dark; wa-sa (wasá) - black bear; wa-sa ha (uassah-hah) - bear hide, black bear hide (peau d'ours) [GI]; iⁿ-to-ska sa (įttoská sa) - black beads; mi-ka sa (mikká sa) - black raccoon [MS]; shoⁿ-ke a-kniⁿ sa (šǫ́ke áknį sa) - black horse [MS]; shoⁿ-taⁿka sa (šǫttą́ka sá) - black wolf; siⁿ-ka sa (sį́ka sá) - black squirrel; ta-xde sa (táxde sa) - coal, black coal [MS]

► Dhegiha: sa-be (sábe) - black, black for a nearby object [Omaha/Ponca]; sa-be (çábe) - black [Omaha]; sa-be (çá-be) - black [FL-Osage]; sa (sa), sa-pe (sápe) - black [CQ-Osage]; sa-be (sábe) - black [Kaw]

► sa-sa (sasá) - black here and there

► Dhegiha: sa-sa-be (sásabe) - black spotted, black striped, black here and there, black in spots or stripes [Omaha/Ponca]

► sha (ša) - dark, indistinct black

► cf. ma-kaⁿ sha (makką́ša) - coffee [MS, AB, MR, AG, OM]; i-shta-xi sha (ištáxi šá) - African American, negro [MS, MR]; zhaⁿ sha (žą šá), zhoⁿ sha (žǫšá) - oak, black, Q. velutina; wa-sha (wašá) - black mole (on the skin) [MS]; ta siⁿ-te sha (tta sįtté šá) - deer, blacktailed; i-shta o-sha (ištá oša), i-shto-sha (ištóša) - pupil of the eye

► Dhegiha: sha-be (shábe) - dark [Omaha/Ponca]; sha-be (shá-be) - dark in color [FL-Osage]; sha-pe (šápe) - dark in color, shaded, darkened [CQ-Osage]; sha-be (shábe) - dark, a distant black, brown [Kaw]

► sha-pe (šápe), sha-we (šawe) - black, distant or indistinct

► se-we (séwe) - black, rarely used, sa (sa) being more common [JOD]

blackberry

► wa-xe-ka (waxéka) - blackberry

► wa-xe-ka (waxéka) - blackberry [MS]

► cf. wa-xe-ka hi (waxéka hi) - blackberry bush

► Dhegiha: wa-xa-ga-xtsi hiu (wa-xá-ga-xtsi-hiu) - low blackberry bush [FL-Osage]

► mo-xa-i-xke (moxáixke) - blackberry

blackbird

► maⁿ-kdi-xtaⁿ a-hi zhi-te (mąkdíxtą áhi žítte) - blackbird, redwinged

► cf. maⁿ (mą) - crow; a-hi (áhi) - wing; zhi-te (žítte) - red

► Dhegiha: maⁿ-li-xta a-hu zhu-je (maⁿlíxta áhu zhúje) - the red winged blackbird [Kaw]; moⁿ-gthi-xta (moⁿgthixta) - blackbird, grackle bird, starling bird [Omaha]

► maⁿ-kdi-xtaⁿ taⁿ-ka (mąkdíxtą ttą́ka) - crow blackbird

► cf. maⁿ (mą) - crow; taⁿ-ka (ttą́ka) - big, large

► Dhegiha: moⁿ-gthi-xta (moⁿgthixta) - blackbird, grackle bird, starling bird [Omaha]; maⁿ-li-xta (maⁿlíxta) - blackbird [Kaw]

► maⁿ-kdi-xtaⁿ xo-te (mąkdíxtą xótte) - starling

► cf. maⁿ (mą) - crow; xo-te (xótte) - gray

► Dhegiha: maⁿ-li-xta xo-je (maⁿlíxta xóje) - starling [Kaw]; moⁿ-gthi-xta (moⁿgthixta) - blackbird, grackle bird, starling bird [Omaha]

blacken

► sa-de (sáde) - blacken, cause to be black

► cf. iⁿ-te sa-de (įtté sáde) - to fast, lit. "blacken the face"; we-sa-de hi (wésade hí) - maple, soft, "black dye tree"

blackhaw, black haw

► po (po) - black haws, hawthorn

► po (po) - black haw [MS]

► Dhegiha: bo (bo), bu (bu) - black haw, the fruit of the black haw was used for food by the Osage [FL-Osage]; bo (bo) - black hawthorn, haws [Kaw]

► po hi (póhi) - hawthorn bush, black

► Dhegiha: bo hu (bohú) - black hawthorn tree [Kaw]

► di-si-zi-ne (disízine) - blackhaws

blacksmith

► ma-ze ka-xe (máze káγe) - blacksmith

► cf. ma-ze (maze) - iron, gun; ka-xe (káγe) - make, do, cause

► Dhegiha: moⁿ-ze ga-xe ni-a-shiⁿ-ga (moⁿçe gaxe niashiⁿga) - blacksmith [Omaha]; moⁿ-ze ga-xe (móⁿ-çe ga-xe) - iron-maker, a blacksmith [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-ze ga-ghe (máⁿze gághe) - blacksmith, iron worker [Kaw]

bladder

► te-zhe-ni o-zhi-ha (téženi óžiha) - bladder

► cf. te-zhe-ni (téženi) - urine; o-zhi-ha (óžiha) - sack, bag, pocket

► Dhegiha: ʰtse-zhe-ni u-zhi (ṭsé-zhe-ni-u-zhi) - urine pouch, the bladder [FL-Osage]; tse-zhe-ni o-zhu (céženiioožú) - bladder [CQ-Osage]; je-zhe-ni o-zhu (jézheni ozhú) - bladder, urinary bladder [Kaw]

blame

► e-maⁿ (émą), e-waⁿ (éwą), e-woⁿ (éwǫ) - to be cause of trouble, be blameworthy

► cf. e-wa-ki-k’oⁿ ka-xe (éwakikʔǫ káγe) - trouble, bring on oneself

► Dhegiha: e-woⁿ (éwoⁿ) - cause to happen [Omaha]; e-woⁿ-xti (éwoⁿxti) - cause sin [Omaha]; e-woⁿ a-ka (é-woⁿ a-ka) - the causer, one who caused the mischief, to blame [FL-Osage]; e-woⁿ (éewǫ), e-waⁿ (éewą) - he does it, he did it [CQ-Osage]; ‘e-moⁿ (‘émoⁿ) - be to blame, be culpable, be at fault [Kaw]

blanket

► maⁿ-iⁿ-taⁿ (mą́įttą) - robe, blanket

► maⁿ-iⁿ-taⁿ (mą́įttą) - blanket [MS, AG, OM]

► maⁿ-iⁿ-taⁿ (mą́įttą) - rug [MS]

► ex: te-ha maⁿ-iⁿ-ta (ttehá mąįttą) - buffalo robe

► Dhegiha: wa-iⁿ (waíⁿ) - robe, blanket, “what is worn around the shoulders” [Omaha/Ponca]; wa-iⁿ (waiⁿ) - robe, shawl, blanket, bedcover [Omaha]

► wa-hiⁿ xótte (ŭahin-hutteh) - wool blanket (couverture de laine) [GI]

► cf. wa-hiⁿ (wahį́) - cloth; xo-te (xótte) - gray

► Dhegiha: wa-iⁿ xu-de (waíⁿ qúde) - gray blanket [Omaha/Ponca]; wa-iⁿ koⁿ-ha xu-de (waíⁿ kóⁿha qúde) - gray list cloth, woolen trade cloth with gray selvedge wrap [Omaha/Ponca]

blaze

► pe-te shte (ppettéšte) - blaze

► cf. pe-te (ppétte) - fire

bleed

► ba-wa-paiⁿ (bawappaį́) - prick and cause to bleed ► pa-wa-paiⁿ (ppáwappaį) - I, shpa-wa-paiⁿ (špáwappaį) - you

► cf. ba (ba) - by pushing: inner instrumental prefix; wa-paiⁿ (wappaį́) - blood

► ka-wa-paiⁿ kawappaį́) - cut, slash and cause to bleed ► a-wa-paiⁿ (áwappaį) - I, da-wa-paiⁿ (dáwappaį) - you

► cf. ka (ka) - by striking, wind, water: inner instrumental prefix; wa-paiⁿ (wappaį́) - blood

► naⁿ-wa-paiⁿ (nąwappaį́) - bleed, cause by kicking ► a-naⁿ-wa-paiⁿ (aną́wappaį) - I, da-naⁿ-wa-paiⁿ (daną́wappaį) - you

► cf. naⁿ (naⁿ) - by action of the foot: inner instrumental prefix; wa-paiⁿ (wappaį́) - blood

► pa-wa-paiⁿ (páwappaį) - bleed someone with a knife ► pa-a-paiⁿ (páappaį́) - I, pa-da-wa-paiⁿ (pádawappaį́) - you

► cf. pa (pá) - by cutting with a knife: outer instrumental prefix; wa-paiⁿ (wappaį́) - blood

► po-wa-paiⁿ (pówappaį́) - bleed from a thrust, cause to ► po-a-wa-paiⁿ (poáwappaį́) - I, po-da-wa-paiⁿ (pódawappaį́) - you

► cf. wa-paiⁿ (wappaį́) - blood

bless

► da-x’e-de (daxʔéde) - pity, be kind to someone ► da-x’e-a-de (daxʔéade) - I, da-x’e-da-de (daxʔédade) - you

► cf. da-x’e-ki-de (daxʔekíde) - care for one's own; da-x’e-ki-de (daxʔékkide) - care for one for someone else; da-x’e ti-aⁿ (daxʔé tią́) - pitiable, miserable

► Dhegiha: tha-e-the (tha ethe) - pity, befriend [Omaha]; tha-ʰk’e-the (tha-ḳ’e-the) - to be tender, gentle, and sympathetic to one who suffers with grief or is in great trouble, tenderness, kind-heartedness [FL-Osage]; tha-k’e-the (ðakʔéðe) - feel sorry for, pity, be good to, be merciful to, take care of, bless [CQ-Osage]; ya-k’e-ye (yak’éye) - pity or love, bless [Kaw]

blind

► i-shta xi-te (ištá xítte) - blind, be blind ► i-shta aⁿ-xi-te (ištá ąxítte) - I, i-shta di-xi-te (ištá dixítte) - you

► Dhegiha: iⁿ-shta xi-dse (iⁿ-shtá xi-dse) - dim eyes, blind [FL-Osage]; i-shta xiⁿ-je (ishtá xiⁿjé) - blind [Kaw]

blink

► i-shta di-iⁿ-ze (ištá diį́ze), di-iⁿ-ze (diį́ze) - blink, wink, close the eyes ► bdi-iⁿ-ze (bdíįze) - I, ti-iⁿ-ze (ttíįze) - you

► Dhegiha: iⁿ-shta thi-p’iⁿ-ze (iⁿshta thíp’iⁿçe) - blink [Omaha]; thu-p’iⁿ-ze (ðupʔį́ze) - blink [CQ-Osage]; i-shta yu-p’iⁿ-ze (ishtá yup’íⁿze) - shut the eyes tightly, blink [Kaw]; yu-p’iⁿ-ze (yup’íⁿze) - close the eyes [Kaw]

blister

► di-ta-zhe (dittáže) - blister, chafe, rub raw ► bdi-ta-zhe (bdíttaže) - I, ti-ta-zhe (ttíttaže) - you

► Dhegiha: ga-da-zhe (gadazhe) - to chafe or blister the hands from using an ax or hoe too long [Omaha/Ponca]; ga-da-zhe (ga-dá-zhe) - to blister the hands by the use of tools [FL-Osage]; ga-da-zhe (gadázhe) - blister, to blister, as the hand, by cutting a long time with an ax [Kaw] …. ba-da-zhe (ba-dá-zhe) - to blister the hands by the use of a tool requiring pushing [FL-Osage]; ba-da-zhe (badázhe) - to blister [Kaw]

blizzard

► i-ka-sho-te (íkašótte) - blizzard

► cf. ka (ka) - by striking, wind, water: inner instrumental prefix; sho-te (šótte) - smoke; ma-sho-te (mašótte) - fog

► Dhegiha: i-ga-sho-de (iga shude) - blizzard, snowstorm [Omaha]; i-ga-shu-de (ígashúde) - blizzard, severe storm such as is known in Nebraska and Dakota [Omaha/Ponca]; ba-ga-sho-dse (bá-ga-sho-dse) - a blizzard [FL-Osage]

blood

► wa-paiⁿ (wappaį́) - blood

► wa-paiⁿ (wappaį) - blood [MS]

► cf. wa-paiⁿ kaⁿ (wappaį́ kką) - vein, artery; wa-paiⁿ kaⁿ po-si-si (wappaį́ kką pósisí) - pulse; ba-wa-paiⁿ (bawappaį́) - prick and cause to bleed; da-wa-paiⁿ (dawappaį́) - bite and draw blood; di-wa-paiⁿ (diwappaį́) - scratch and draw blood, as a cat; ka-wa-paiⁿ (kawappaį́) - cut, slash and cause to bleed; naⁿ-wa-paiⁿ (nąwappaį́) - bleed, cause by kicking; pa-wa-paiⁿ (páwappaį) - bleed someone with a knife; po-wa-paiⁿ (pówappaį́) - bleed from a thrust, cause to

► ex: wa-paiⁿ niⁿ-kʰe (wappaį́ nįkʰé) - the blood

► Dhegiha: wa-mi (wamí) - bleed, bloody [Omaha/Ponca]; wa-biⁿ (wa-biⁿ́) - blood, bleeding [FL-Osage]; wa-piⁿ (wa-pį́), wa-peiⁿ (wapéį) - bleed, blood [CQ-Osage]; wa-biⁿ (wa-bíⁿ) - blood [Kaw]

blossom

► o-we xda (ówe xdá) - corn blossom

► cf. zhoⁿ-xda (žǫxdá) - bud; zhoⁿ-xda zhi-te (žǫ́xda žítte) - month in the Quapaw lunar calendar, when the buds are red; zhoⁿ-xda zhi-te hi (žǫ́xda žítte hi) - redbud tree, Cercis Canadensis; ma-hiⁿ-xta (mahį́xta) - flower

► Dhegiha: u-we (uwe) - field, corn field [Omaha]; o-we (o-we), u-we (ú-we) - field [FL-Osage]; …. xtha (xtha) - blossom [Omaha]; xtha (xtha) - blossoms of any kind [FL-Osage]; xla (xla) - flower, bud on a tree [Kaw]

blow

► bi-xoⁿ (biγǫ́) - blow on something ► pi-xoⁿ (ppíγǫ) - I, shpi-xoⁿ (špíγǫ) - you

► Dhegiha: bi-xoⁿ (bixóⁿ) - blow, to blow, as at a fire [Omaha/Ponca]; bi-xoⁿ (bi-xóⁿ) - to blow with the breath, to make a fire burn by blowing [FL-Osage]; pi-xaⁿ (píɣą) - blow as one’s nose, blow on something, blow into a fire, blow dust off a surface, blow a dandelion away in the wind, blow on a burnt finger to relieve pain [CQ-Osage]; bi-ghaⁿ (bigháⁿ) - blow on a fire to make it burn [Kaw]

► o-bi-xoⁿ (obíγǫ) - blow into, inflate ► o-pi-xoⁿ (oppíγǫ) - I, o-shpi-xoⁿ (ošpíγǫ) -you

► Dhegiha: u-bi-xoⁿ (ubíxoⁿ) - blow [Omaha]; u-bi-xoⁿ (u-bí-xoⁿ) - any kind of wind instrument, as a flute or horn [FL-Osage]; o-pi-xaⁿ (opíɣą) - blow into or on, blow inside, play a horn or other wind instrument [CQ-Osage]

► bi-iⁿ-zhi (biį́ži) - fail/miss pressing/blowing ► pi-iⁿ-zhi (ppíįži) - I, shpi-iⁿ-zhi (špíįži) - you

► cf. ba-iⁿ-zhi (baį́ži) - fail or miss pushing at something; da-iⁿ-zhi (daį́ži) - fail using the mouth, voice; di-iⁿ-zhi (díįži) - fail in pulling, rowing, etc.; ka-iⁿ-zhi (kaį́ži) - fail in throwing or striking; naⁿ-iⁿ-zhi (nąį́ži) - fail in walking or with machine; pa-iⁿ-zhi (páįži) - fail in cutting or sawing; ta-iⁿ-zhi (táįži) - fail in cooking

► Dhegiha: bi-iⁿ-a-zhi (biiⁿázhi) - unable to press, blow, to be unsuccessful in blowing, pressing, etc. [Omaha/Ponca]

► bi-kda (bikdá) - press out, push/blow loose ► pi-kda (ppíkda) - I, shpi-kda (špíkda) - you

► cf. da-kda (dakdá) - undo with the mouth, teeth; di-kda (dikdá) - undo, untie, pull loose; naⁿ-kda (nąkdá) - loosen, come undone, as a shoelace

► bi-ko-wiⁿ-xa-xa (bikkówįγáγa) - push or blow something in circle ► pi-ko-wiⁿ-xa-xa (ppíkkowįγáγa) - I, shpi-ko-wiⁿ-xa-xa (špíkkowįγáγa) - you

► cf. ko-wiⁿ-xa-xa (kkówįγáγa) - turn round and round; ba-ko-wiⁿ-xa-xa (bakkówįγáγa) - push round and round; di-ko-wiⁿ-xa-xa (dikkówįγáγa) - to cause something to wobble; ta-ko-wiⁿ-xa-xa (tákkowįγáγa) - around in circles, "fire makes him/her/it go around and around"

► bi-ko-wiⁿ-xe (bikkówįγe) - push, blow in a circle ► pi-ko-wiⁿ-xe (ppíkkowįγe) - I, shpi-ko-wiⁿ-xe (špíkkowįγe) - you

► cf. ba-ko-wiⁿ-xe (bakkówįγe) - turn, make revolve, push around; di-ko-wiⁿ-xe (dikkówįγe) - turn, rotate, pull out of line; ka-ko-wiⁿ-xe (kakkówįγe) - turn around, circle; ki-kdi-ko-wiⁿ-xe (kkikdíkkowįγe) - turn oneself around; naⁿ-ko-wiⁿ-xe (nąkkówįγe) - treadle, use to turn something

► bi-sti-sti (bistísti) - flatten by pressure/blowing ► pi-sti-sti (ppístisti) - I, shpi-sti-sti (špístisti) - you

► cf. a-kniⁿ bu-sti-sti (áknį bistísti) - chair with inner springs

► bi-ti-ze (bittíze) - move something by pressing/blowing ► pi-ti-ze (ppíttize) - I, shpi-ti-ze (špíttize) - you

► cf. ba-ti-ze (battíze) - move something by pushing; di-ti-ze (dittíze) - move by pulling something; ka-ti-ze (kattíze) - knock, sweep, brush away; ki-pa-ti-ze (kíppattíze) - move one's possession by pushing; ki-kdi-ti-ze (kkíkdittíze) - move something for one's own benefit; naⁿ-ti-ze (nąttíze) - kick along, move something with feet; po-ti-ze (póttize) - move something by punch-/shooting

► ta-ti oⁿ-he shi-ke (ttátti ǫ́he šiké) - storm, wind blowing hard [MS]

► cf. ta-ti-oⁿ-he (ttáttiǫ́he), ta-ti-aⁿ-he (ttáttią́he) - wind; shi-ke (šíke) - bad

► Dhegiha: ta-doⁿ-he (tadóⁿhe) - gust, sudden gust of wind, whirlwind [Omaha/Ponca] …. ta-de (tadé) - wind [Omaha/Ponca]; ta-de (tade) - air, wind [Omaha]; ʰta-dse (ṭa-dsé) - the winds, the four quarters of earth, air [FL-Osage]; ʰta-tse (ʰtaacé) - wind, air [CQ-Osage]; ta-je (tajé) - wind [Kaw]

► ta-ti o-hi-de (ttátti óhide) - cardinal points; whence the four winds blow

► Dhegiha: ta-de u-wi-the du-ba (tade uwithe duba) - cardinal points [Omaha]

► a-ka-sho-te (ákašótte) - dust, fine; to have fine dust blown upon one ► aⁿ-ka-sho-te (ą́kašotte) - on me, a-di-ka-sho-te (ádikašótte) - on you

► cf. i-ka-sho-te (íkašótte) - blizzard

► ex: aⁿ-ka-sho-te a-maⁿ-bdiⁿ (ą́kašótte amą́bdį) - I walk while dust is blowing on me

► ex: a-di-ka-sho-te da-maⁿ-tiⁿ (ádikašótte damą́tį) - you walk while dust is blowing on you

► ex: a-ka-sho-te maⁿ-niⁿ (ákašótte mąnį́) - to walk while fine dust or snow is blowing on him

► Dhegiha: ga-sho-dse (ga-shó-dse) - the filling of the air by dust blown by strong wind [FL-Osage]

► ka-sni-sni (kasnísni) - autumn, "blows cold on and off"

► cf. ka (ka) - by striking, wind, water; sni (sni) - cold, to be cold

► Dhegiha: u-ga-sni (ugáçni) - breezy, ventilate [Omaha]

blowfly, fly

► hoⁿ-te-ke taⁿ-ka (hǫ́tteka ttą́ka) - fly, blowfly

► cf. haⁿ-t’e’ka (hą́tʔeka), hoⁿ-t’e-ka (hǫ́tʔeka), hoⁿ-te-ka (hǫtteka) - fly, house fly

► Dhegiha: hoⁿ-t'e-ga (hóⁿt'ega) - fly, insect [Omaha/Ponca]; hoⁿ-ʰtse-ga (hóⁿ-ṭse-ga) - common house fly [FL-Osage]; haⁿ-ʰtse-ka (hą́ʰceka) - fly, housefly [CQ-Osage]; haⁿ-tse-ga (háⁿcega) - fly, bull fly [Kaw]

blue

► to (tto) - blue, green, grue

► to (tto) - blue [FR, LQ, OM]

► to (to) - blue or green [MR]

► to (tuh) - green (vert) [GI]

► tʰo (t'o˙) - blue and green [FS]

► Dhegiha: tu (tu) - blue, green [Omaha/Ponca]; tu (tu) - any blue [Omaha]; ʰto-ho (ṭó-ho) - green or blue [FL-Osage]; ʰto-ho (ʰtóho) - blue [CQ-Osage]; to-ho (tóho) - blue or bluish black, green [Kaw]

► to hi (ttohi) - blue [MS]

► cf. ma-hiⁿ to-hi (mahį́ ttóhi) - green grass [MS]; zhaⁿ to-hi (žą ttohi) - mulberry tree [MS]

► to-ho (ttóho) - blue, green, grue

► to-ho (tu-hú) - pale blue [LH]

► tu-hu (tuhú) - pale blue [OM]

► cf. to-ho xo-te (ttohó xotté) - pale green

► Dhegiha: ʰto-ho (ṭó-ho) - green or blue [FL-Osage]; ʰto-ho (ʰtóho) - blue [CQ-Osage]; to-ho (tóho) - blue or bluish black, green [Kaw]

► ma-hiⁿ to (mahį́ tto) - green, lit. "grass-blue"

► cf. ma-hiⁿ to-hi (mahį́ ttóhi) - green grass [MS]

► Dhegiha: moⁿ-hiⁿ ʰto-ho (moⁿ-híⁿ ṭo-ho) - greens, vegetables [FL-Osage]; maⁿ-hiⁿ ʰto-ho (mąąhį́ ʰtóho) - green, lit., ‘blue/green grass’ [CQ-Osage]; ma-hiⁿ to-ho (maⁿhíⁿtóho) - weed, a green grass [Kaw]

► ma-xpi to (maxpí tto) - blue, sky blue color

► cf. ma-xpi (maxpí) - cloud; to-ho (ttóho) - blue, green, grue

► Dhegiha: ma-xpi a-to (maxpíato) - blue clouds [Omaha]

► sa to-ho (sá ttóho) - dark blue or green

► cf. sa (sa) - black; to-ho (ttóho) - blue, green, grue

► Dhegiha: sa-be tu e-goⁿ (sábe tu égoⁿ) - blue, black, bluish black [Omaha/Ponca]

Blue Back, Green Back

► naⁿ-ka to (nañ′-ka tu) - Blue Back, masculine of the (Kwapa) oⁿ-pʰoⁿ (oⁿpʰŭⁿ) gens: Blue Back [JOD]

► naⁿ-ka to zhi-ka (nañ′ka tu jik͓á) - masculine name, Little Green Back [JOD]

► cf. naⁿ-ka (ną́kka) - back of an animal; to (tto) - blue, green, grue

► Dhegiha: noⁿ-ka tu (nóⁿkatu) - Blue Back [Omaha]; noⁿ-ʰka ʰto-ho (nóⁿ-ḳa-ṭo-ho) - male name, Blue Back, personal name, refers to the raccoon skin used in ceremonies [FL-Osage]; naⁿ-ka to-ho (náⁿka tóho) - bluish-black back of a raccoon male [Kaw]

Blue Sky

► ke-da to (ké-d^¢a tu′) - masculine name, Blue Sky; killed father of wa-zhiⁿ da-kniⁿ (wajĭⁿ d^¢akt^çiⁿ) and son of miⁿ x’aⁿ-sa (miⁿ q′aⁿsa) [JOD]

► cf. ke-da (kkéda) - clear sky

► Dhegiha: tu ke-tha e-goⁿ (tú kétha egoⁿ) - sky blue, light blue, dark green with an indigo tinge [Omaha/Ponca]; ʰke-tha (ḳé-tha) - the sky, the unclouded or clear sky [FL-Osage]; ke-ya (kéya) - be clear, as sky or water [Kaw]

bluebird

► to-ho-ho (ttóhoho) - bluebird

► Dhegiha: ʰto-ho-ho (ṭó-ho-ho) - bluebird [FL-Osage]

bluejay

► ti-ta ni-ka (ttittá níkka) - bluejay

► ti-ta ni-ka (ttittá níkka) - jaybird (bluejay) [MS]

► cf. ti-ta-shka (ttittáška) - kingfisher; di-ta (dítta) - dove; di-ta pa-ta-ho (dittá ppattáho) - turtle dove [MS]; di-ta wa-ta-kde (dittá wattákde) - pigeon

► Dhegiha: thi-tʰa (thítʰa) - pigeon, dove [Omaha/Ponca]; thi-ʰta (thi-ṭa) - pigeon [FL-Osage]; thiu-ʰta (thiú-ṭa) - morning dove [FL-Osage]; yu-ta (yúta) - pigeon, dove [Kaw]

bluff, cliff

► ma-zi o-di-ko-te (mázi ódikótte) - bluff, cliff

► cf. maⁿ-zi (mą́azi) - bank, embankment; di-ko-te (dikótte) - dig out, probe

blunt

► da-to-ke (dattóke) - dull, wear the teeth, blunt ► bda-to-ke (bdáttoke) - I, ta-to-ke (ttáttoke) - you

► cf. ba-to-ke (battóke) - wear away, wear out; bi-to-ke (bittóke) - wear away by rubbing or file; ka-to-ke (kattóke) - wear down by striking, to dull; naⁿ-to-ke (nąttóke) - wear down by walking, as shoes

► di-to-ke (dittóke) - dull, blunt a tool ► bdi-to-ke (bdíttoke) - I, ti-to-ke (ttíttoke) - you

board

► zhaⁿ-bda-ska (žąbdáska) - board

► cf. zhaⁿ (žą), zhoⁿ (žǫ) - wood, tree bda-ska (bdáska) - flat

► Dhegiha: zhoⁿ-btha-ska (zhoⁿbtháska) - plank, board, lumber, “flat wood” [Omaha/Ponca]

boat

► maⁿ-te (mątté), (mąté) - boat, canoe

► maⁿ-te (mątté) - boat [MS]

► maⁿ-te (mont-teh) - small boat or boat (canot ou bateau) [GI]

► cf. maⁿ-te iⁿ-kʰe (monnteh-ínkĭēh) - oar, paddle (aviron) [GI]; pe-te maⁿ-te o-he-ki-de (ppétte mą́tte óhekkíde) - steamboat

► Dhegiha: moⁿ-de (moⁿ-de) - hunting bow, boat, ferry, boat deck, canoe [Omaha]; ba-dse (ba-dsé) - any kind of boat [FL-Osage]; pa-tse (páce) - boat [CQ-Osage]; ba-je (bajé) - boat, canoe [Kaw]

► maⁿ-te taⁿ-ka (mont-teh-tonkah) - large boat (canot grand) [GI]

► cf. maⁿ-te (mątté), (mąté) - boat, canoe; taⁿ-ka (ttą́ka) - big, large

► Dhegiha: moⁿ-de toⁿ-ga (moⁿ-de toⁿ-ga) - ship, steamboat [Omaha]; ba-je taⁿ-ga (bajé táⁿga) - steamboat [Kaw]

bobcat

► iⁿ-ta-naⁿ kde-ze (įttanąkdéze) - bobcat

► cf. iⁿ-taⁿ-daⁿ kde-zhe (įttą́dą kdéže) - cat, domestic cat, "spotted, speckled"; iⁿ-taⁿ-daⁿ kde-zhe zhi-ka (įttą́dą kdéže žíka) - kitten; iⁿ-ta-naⁿ taⁿ-ka (įttáną ttą́ka) - mountain lion, panther, cougar, puma; taⁿ-daⁿ (ttądą́) - panther, puma, mountain lion; taⁿ-daⁿ taⁿ-ka (ttą́dą ttą́ka) - mountain lion, puma

► taⁿ-daⁿ kde-zhe ma-zhaⁿ-a-ti (ttądą́ kdéže mažą́atti) - bobcat, spotted cat

body

► zho-i-ka (žoíka), (žóika) - body, self

► cf. zho (žo) - flesh, meat

► Dhegiha: zhu-ga (zhúga) - body [Omaha/Ponca]; zho-i-ga (zhó-i-ga), zhu-i-ga (zhú-i-ga) - body, flesh [FL-Osage]; zho-i-ka (zhóika), zhu-o-ka (žúoka) - human body [CQ-Osage]; zho-ga (zhóga) - body, entire body [Kaw]

boil

► a-bi-xe (ábiγe) - boil, foam

► ex: ni a-bi-xe (ni ábiγe) - to boil, as water

► Dhegiha: a-bi-xe (ábixe) - to boil, to foam [Omaha/Ponca]; a-bi-xe (abixe) - boil [Omaha]; a-bi-xe (á-bi-xe) - the boiling of water [FL-Osage]; a-pu-xe (ápuγe) - boil, as food boils when cooking, foam up [CQ-Osage]; a-bu-ghe (ábughe) - boil, as water [Kaw]

► de-ska-kde (déskakde) - boil, sore

► Dhegiha: the-ska-gthe (thé-çka-gthe) - a boil, carbuncle [FL-Osage]; the-ska-li (ðéskali) - boil, sore [CQ-Osage]

► wa-ti-te (watítte) - mush, "boiled until done"

► cf. ti-te (títte) - ripe, cooked; ti-te-de (títtede) - cook something

► Dhegiha: wa-niⁿ-de (waníⁿde) - mush [Omaha/Ponca]; wa-dsu-dse (wa-dsú-dse) - corn gruel [FL-Osage]; wa-ju-je (wajúje) - mush, corn mush [Kaw]

► xdi-xdi (xdíxdi), xti-xti (xtíxti) - boil, a sore on the body

► cf. xdi (xdi) - mucous, pus, corruption; pa-xni (ppaxní) - snot, nasal mucus

► Dhegiha: xthi-xthi (qthíqthi) - sores, to be covered with running sores [Omaha/Ponca]; xli-xli (xlíxli) - miry, mud and water oozing up [Kaw] …. xthi (xthi) - sore, pus [Omaha]; xthi (qthi) - to ooze out, as pus from a boil or pimple that burst, to break out in sores, a running sore, a rew place [Omaha/Ponca]; xthi (xthi) - fester, suppurate [ FL-Osage]; xliⁿ (xlíⁿ) - mucus, pus [Kaw]

bone

► wa-hi (wahí) - bone

► wa-hi (wahí) - bone [MS]

► cf. da-ka wa-hi (dáka wáhi) - chin [MS]; to-si wa-hi (tosí wahí) - collar bone, clavicle; ta wa-hi (ttawáhi) - deer's bones

► ex: wa-hi kʰe (wahí kʰe) - the bones laying in a row

Dhegiha: wa-hi (wahí) - bone [Omaha/Ponca]; wa-hiu (wa-hiú) - a bone [FL-Osage]; wa-hu (wahú) - bone [CQ-Osage]; wa-hu (wahú) - bone [Kaw]

bonnet

► pa-ho-di-shiⁿ (pah-hŭ-odischih) - bonnet (bonnet) [GI]

► pa-hi o-di-shiⁿ (ppáhi odíšį), pa-ho-di-shiⁿ (ppahódíšį) - bonnet

► cf. pa-hi (ppahí) - head; o-di-shiⁿ (odíšį) - wrap, fold in a bundle; niⁿ-te o-di-shiⁿ (nį́tte ódišį) - pants, trousers; wa-tʰe di-shiⁿ (watʰé díšį) - apron; we-do-di-shiⁿ (wédodíšį) - pie

► wa-x’o pa-hi-o-knaⁿ (waxʔó ppáhiókną) - bonnet, “woman’s hat”

► cf. wa-x’o (waxʔó) - woman; pa-hi o-kdaⁿ (ppáhi ókdą), pa-hi o-knaⁿ (ppáhi ókną), pa-ho-knaⁿ (ppahókną) - hat, cap, "head is put inside"; pa-ho-knaⁿ (ppahókną) - hat [MS, OM]; pa-ho-knaⁿ (pah-hughĕnah) - hat, hood (chapeau) [GI]

► Dhegiha: ma-shoⁿ pa-gthoⁿ (máshoⁿpágthoⁿ) - headdress, feather bonnet, eagle feathers [Omaha/Ponca]; te-he pa-gthoⁿ (tehépagthóⁿ) - buffalo horn headdress [Omaha/Ponca]; wa-xu-pa-gthoⁿ(wáqupágthoⁿ) - hat, cap “white man’s head covering” [Omaha/Ponca]

book

► i-ka-zo-zo (íkazózo) - book, paper, letter

► cf. i-ka-zo-zo (íkazózo) - paper [MS, FR, AG, OM]; i-ka-zo-zo i-ka-xe (íkazózo ikáγe) - pen, writing instrument; i-ka-zo-zo ka-xe kniⁿ (íkazózo káγe knį) - clerk, he who sits writing; i-ka-zo-zo o-ti (íkazózo káγe ottí) - school, school house; i-ka-zo-zo ni (íkazózo ní) - ink; i-ka-zo-zo i-koⁿ (íkazózo íkǫ) - cards, playing cards; i-ka-zo (íkazo) - write, draw; i-ka-zo i-ka-xe (íkazo ikáγe) - pencil, writing instrument; i-ka-zo-ye (íkazóye) - to have written

boots

► hoⁿ-be ste-te (hǫbé stétte) - boots [MS]

► cf. hoⁿ-be (hǫbé), hoⁿ-pe (hǫpé) - shoes, moccasins; ste-te (stétte) - tall, long

Dhegiha: hiⁿ-be zne-de (hiⁿbe çnede) - boot [Omaha]; hoⁿ-be ste-ʰtse (hoⁿ-bé ste-ṭse) - tall moccasins, boots [FL-Osage]; hoⁿ-pe stse-tse (hǫǫpéscéce) - boot, literally, tall shoe [CQ-Osage]; hoⁿ-be stse-je (hoⁿbe scéje) - boots [Kaw]

► shoⁿ-hoⁿ-be-ki-de (šǫ́hǫbékide) - boots

bore

► o-di-x’o-te (odíxʔotte) - bore a hole ► o-bdi-x’o-te (obdíxʔotte) - I, o-ti-x’o-te (ottíxʔotte) - you

► cf. zhoⁿ i-di-di-x’o-te taⁿ-ka (žǫ́ idídixʔotte ttą́ka) - drill, auger; zhoⁿ i-di-di-x’o-te zhi-ka (žǫ́ idídixʔotte žíka) - gimlet; o-x’o-te (oxʔótte) - hole, natural opening

born

► i-ta-de (íttade) - give birth to a child, bear a child ► i-ta-a-de (íttaáde) - I, i-ta-da-de (ittadáde) - you

► i-ta-de (íttade) - born [OM]

► cf. naⁿ-pa-ta i-ta-de (nąpátta ittáde) - to have or bear twins

► ex: shi-zhi-ka i-ta-de kʰe (šižíka íttade kʰé) - that baby was born [MS]

► ex: shi-noⁿ i-ta-de ta niⁿ-kʰe (šínǫ íttade tta nįkʰé) - they're going to have another baby [AG]

► Dhegiha: i-da-the (ídathe) - give birth to [Omaha/Ponca]; i-ta-the (í-da-the) - to bear a child, to give birth to an offspring [FL-Osage]; i-ta-the (iitáðe) - give birth to [CQ-Osage]; i-da-ye (ídaye) - bear a child, have a baby [Kaw]

both

► ni-kaⁿ-ni (níkkąní), ni-koⁿ-ni-hi (nikkǫ́nihi) - pair, both

► ex: si ni-kaⁿ-ni (si níkkąní) - both feet

► ex: iⁿ-shta ni-koⁿ-ni (inschta nikkoni) - both eyes (deaux yeux) [GI]

► Dhegiha: noⁿ-ʰku-wiⁿ (nóⁿ-ḳu-wiⁿ) - the two, both [FL-Osage]; na-ʰkoⁿiⁿ (naʰkǫį́), naⁿ-ʰko-wiⁿ (nąʰkówį) - pair, couple, the two of them [CQ-Osage]; noⁿ-koⁿ-mi (nóⁿkoⁿmí) - pair, both, couple, two together [Kaw]

► e-naⁿ-pa (énąpa) - both, that one too

► Dhegiha: e-thoⁿ-ba (é-thoⁿ-ba) - he also [FL-Osage]; e-thoⁿ-pa (éeðǫǫpa) - group including just mentioned individual(s), can sometimes be translated as ‘both’, ‘all’, ‘and another’, and others’ or as ‘and I’ when followed by a verb with 1^st pl. inflection [CQ-Osage]; e-yoⁿ-ba (éyoⁿba) - both, too, also, and (used with nouns) [Kaw]

► naⁿ-pa (ną́pa), e-naⁿ-pa (énąpa) - both, also, too

► cf. e (e) - that, he, she, it, aforementioned; naⁿ-pa (ną́pa), noⁿ-pa (nǫ́pa), noⁿ-ba (nǫ́ba) - two

bottle

► ma-ze ni o-zhi (mazé ni oží) - milk bottle [MS]

► cf. ma-ze ni (mazéni) - milk, lit. "breast water"; zi-hi o-zhi (zíhi óži) - jug; o-zhi (oží) - put liquid into something, plant, fill, o-zhi (óži) - bowl, dish

► Dhegiha: ni u-zhi (niuzhi) - water vessel, canteen, water pitcher, puddle, water tank [Omaha]; o-zhi-ʰto-ho (ó-zhi-ṭo-ho) - a blue/green bottle [FL-Osage]; o-zhu (ózhu) - bottle [Kaw]; o-zhu to-ho (ózhu tóho) - bottle [Kaw] …. u-zhi (uzhi) - container, contain, luggage, packet, suitcase, load, gardener [Omaha]; u-zhi (uzhí) - to fill with water, grain, or other bulky substance, to plant or sow grain or seed [Omaha/Ponca]; u-zhi (úzhi) - pocket [Omaha/Ponca]; u-zhi (u-zhi) - a hollow receptacle [FL-Osage]; u-zhu (ú-zhu) - a pocket, a receptacle [FL-Osage]; o-zhu (óožu) - put stuff in, plant stuff, pocket, bottle, container, vessel [CQ-Osage]; o-zhu (oožú) - pour or serve liquids or small solids such as beans, pour for someone, put in, plant or sow, put in, receptacle, container, bottle, cup, bowl, jar, shaker, holder, for pourable dry or liquid substances [CQ-Osage]; o-zhu (ózhu) - put or pour something into something; put many small objects in something, fill, plant [Kaw]

► ni shi-ke o-zhi (ni šíke oží) - whiskey bottle

► ni shi-ke o-zhi (ni šíke oží) - whiskey bottle [MS]

► cf. ni shi-ke (ni šíke) - whiskey, lit. "bad water"; zi-hi o-zhi (zíhi óži) - jug; o-zhi (oží) - put liquid into something, plant, fill, o-zhi (óži) - bowl, dish

bottom

► to-shi-hi-ta (tóšihítta) - at the bottom of something

► cf. to-shi (toší) - low, lower; di-to-shi (dittóši) - pull down something as a window; i-ha-zho to-shi (íhažó toší) - lower lip; i-shta-ha to-shi (ištáha toší) - lower eyelid

► Dhegiha: nu-shi (núshi) - low [Omaha/Ponca]

bottom land

► o-zo ti-o-hi (ozó ttióhi) - bottom land near a river, down on bottom, same as o-zo-ti-o-we (ozóttiowé), name of a Quapaw town in Arkansas

► cf. o-zaⁿ-te (ozątté) - broad, as a field, a low level

► Dhegiha: o-zu (o-çú) - a lowland forest [FL-Osage]; o-zo (ozó) - lowland, low wooded level [CQ-Osage]; o-zo (ozó) - wooded area, bottom land with timber, o-zo-liⁿ (ozóliⁿ) - village in the bottom land with timber (the name of the village) [Kaw]

► o-zo-ti-o-we (ozó ttiowé) - bottom land with trees, name of one of the original Quapaw towns

► cf. o-zaⁿ-te (ozątté) - broad, as a field, a low level

bow

► maⁿ-te (mą́tte) - bow

► maⁿ-te (mą́tte) - bow [MS]

► maⁿ-te (mōkteh) - bow (arc) [GI]

► maⁿ-te (mą́tte) - bow [FS]

► Dhegiha: moⁿ-de (móⁿde) - a bow [Omaha/Ponca]; miⁿ-dse (miⁿ́-dse) - bow [FL-Osage]; miⁿ-tse (mį́ce) - bow [CQ-Osage]; miⁿ-je (míⁿje) - bow [Kaw]

bow string

► maⁿ-te kaⁿ (mą́ttekką́) - bow string

► maⁿ-te kaⁿ (mok-teh-kōn) - bow string (corde d'arc) [GI]

► cf. maⁿ-te (mą́tte) - bow; kaⁿ (kką), koⁿ (kkǫ) - root of a plant; sinew, string, line

► Dhegiha: moⁿ-de koⁿ (móⁿdekoⁿ) - bowstring [Omaha/Ponca]; miⁿ-dse ʰkoⁿ (míⁿ-dse-ḳoⁿ) - bowstring, “bow sinew”, trigger [FL-Osage]; miⁿ-tse kaⁿ (mį́ceʰką) - bowstring, trigger [CQ-Osage]; miⁿ-je kaⁿ (míⁿje kaⁿ) - bowstring, trigger [Kaw]

bowel movement

► zhe (že) - bowel movement, to have a ► a-zhe (ažé) - I, da-zhe (daze) - you, oⁿ-zha-we (ǫžáwe) - we

► zhe-ki-de (gek-kideh) - defecate, bowel movement (lacher l'autre) [GI]

► zhe-ki-de (žekíde) - bowel movement [OM]

► ex: zhe-ki-de niⁿ-kʰe, shoⁿ-ke (žekíde nįkʰé, šǫ́ke) - dog doo (he is defecating, the dog [MS]

► Dhegiha: zhe (zhe) - bowel movement, excrement, to have a bowel movement [Omaha/Ponca]; zhe (žé) - defecate, have a bowl movement, be excreted, ooze, be emitted, excrete, emit, penis, male organ [CQ-Osage]; zhe (zhe) - to have a bowel movement [Kaw]

bowels, intestines

► shi-we (šíwe), shiu-we (šǘwe), shu-we (šúwe) - guts, entrails

► cf. ma-ni-ka shi-we (monikka-chiweh) - worm (ver un) [GI]

► Dhegiha: shi-be (shíbe) - bowels, intestines [Omaha]; shi-be (shíbe) - entrails, intestines, guts, innards [Omaha/Ponca]; shu-pe (šúpe) - intestines, appendix, colon, entrails, insides, stomach area, stomach; shi-be (shí-be) - intestines; shu-we (shúwe), shu-be (shúbe) - guts, intestines, entrails [Kaw]

bowl

► o-zhi (óži) - bowl, dish

► o-zhi (óži) - bowl [MS, OM]

► cf. ma-ze o-zhi (máze óži) - plate, tin; zhoⁿ o-zhi (žǫ́ oží) - dipper or cup of wood; maⁿ o-zhi (mą́oží) - quiver for arrows; o-zhi (oží) - put cl into something, plant, fill; o-zhi-ha (óžiha) - sack, bag, pocket; ni shi-ke o-zhi (ni šíke oží) - whiskey bottle; o-ki-zhi (ókiži) - fill something for someone; o-ki-zhi (ókiži) - fill one's own

► Dhegiha: u-zhi (uzhi) - contain, container, luggage, packet, suitcase, gardener, load; u-zhi (uzhí) - fill, plant, sow, to fill with water, grain, or other bulky substance, to plant or sow grain or seed [Omaha/Ponca]; u-zhi (úzhi) - pocket [Omaha/Ponca]; u-zhi (u-zhi) - a hollow receptacle [FL-Osage]; u-zhu (ú-zhu) - a pocket, a receptacle [FL-Osage]; o-zhu (óožu) - put stuff in, plant stuff, pocket, bottle, container, vessel [CQ-Osage]; o-zhu (oožú) - pour or serve liquids or small solids such as beans, pour for someone, put in, plant or sow, put in, receptacle, container, bottle, cup, bowl, jar, shaker, holder, for pourable dry or liquid substances [CQ-Osage]; o-zhu (ózhu) - bottle [Kaw]; o-zhu (ozhú) - plant, put many small objects in something [Kaw]

► o-zhi ska wa-noⁿ-bde (óži ska wanǫ́bde) - bowl [MS]

► cf. o-zhi (óži) - bowl, dish; ska (ska) - white; wa-naⁿ-bde (waną́bde) - eat a meal, dine

box

► o-pi hi-hi-ka (oppí hihíkka) - box, paper or cardboard

► cf. o-ki-pi (okíppi) - be full, as a container; o-pi-zhi (óppiži) - drawer; zhaⁿ-pi-zhi (žąppiži) - trunk; xoⁿ-te zhaⁿ-pi-zhi (xǫtté žąppiži) - cedar chest [MS]

boy

► she-to (šétto) - boy

► she-to (šétto) - boy [MS, AG, OM]

► cf. she-to shi-ge (šétto šígé) - bad boy [AG]; wi-to-shpa she-to (wittóšpa šétto) - my grandson [OM]; she-to zhi-ka (šéttožíka) - baby boy, little boy

► ex: she-to a-shi-ta de-tʰaⁿ (šétto ašítta détʰą) - this boy standing behind (you)

► ex: o-wi-ki ta miⁿ-kʰe she-to da-bniⁿ aⁿ-ki-shte, uh, she-mi she-to aⁿ-niⁿ-ke (owikki tta mįkʰé šétto dábnį ą́kišté, uh, semi šétto ąníke) - I'm going to tell you something, I only have three boys still alive, I have already lost a boy and a girl [MS]

► Dhegiha: she-nu zhiⁿ-ga (shénuzhiⁿga) - young man, unmarried man [Omaha/Ponca]; (shiⁿ-ṭo) - youth [FL-Osage]; shiⁿ-ʰto zhiⁿ-ga (shiⁿ́-ṭo zhiⁿ-ga) - a baby boy [FL-Osage]; shiⁿ-to zhiⁿ (šį́tožį) - boy, baby boy, male child [CQ-Osage]; shi-do zhiⁿ-ga (shídozhíⁿga) - boy [Kaw]

boy, little boy

► she-to zhi-ka (šétto žíka) - little boy [MS]

► she-to zhi-ka (šéttožíka) - baby boy

► cf. she-to (šétto) - boy; zhi-ka (žiká, žíka), zhi-ga (žigá) - little, small, young

► ex: she-to zhi-ka ma-ze-ni ni-ke niⁿ (šétto žíka mazéni niké nį) - little boy ain't got no milk [MS]

► Dhegiha: she-nu zhiⁿ-ga (shénuzhiⁿga) - young man, youth, unmarried man [Omaha/Ponca]; shiⁿ-ʰto zhiⁿ-ga (shiⁿ́-ṭo zhiⁿ-ga) - a baby boy [FL-Osage]; shiⁿ-to zhiⁿ (šį́tožį) - boy, baby boy, male child [CQ-Osage]; shi-do zhiⁿ-ga (shídozhíⁿga) - boy [Kaw]

boy, oldest boy

► kʰa-ke (kʰáke) - oldest boy [MR, OM]

► cf. kʰa-ke (kʰáke) - boy closer to you [AG]; kʰa-ke (kʰáke) - son, third son's birthname

► Dhegiha: ka-ge (káge) - younger brother [Omaha]; ʰka-ge (ḳa-ge), ʰka-ge wa-ha-ge (ḳa-ge wa-ha-ge) - the last born of a number of young brothers, the younger brothers serve as messengers for the elder brothers [FL-Osage]; kxa-ke (kxáke) - third son or subsequent son, synonymous with kxa-zhiⁿ (kxážį) - third son or subsequent son in any clan [CQ-Osage]; kʰa-ge (kʰage) - 3rd son, all the way down past 3rd [Kaw]

brace

► i-ba-siⁿ-kde (íbasį́kde) - prop up, brace ► i-pa-siⁿ-a-kde (íppasįákde) - I, i-shpa-siⁿ-da-kde (íšpasįdákde) - you, oⁿ-noⁿ-ba-siⁿ-kde (ǫnǫ́basįkde) - we

braid

► a-ki-di-be-bniⁿ (ákkidibébnį) - braid, plait a lariat in two strands

► cf. be-bniⁿ (bébnį), be-bni (bébni) - twisted, curled, spiral; be-bniⁿ-bniⁿ (bébnįbnį) - twisted round and round; bi-be-bni (bibébni) - twist, roll with the palms; di-be-bniⁿ (dibébnį) - twist with the hands; ta-ni di-be-bni (taní dibébni) - cigar, lit. "twisted tobacco"; o-di-bdi (ódibdí) - spiral motion; wa-zhoⁿ-ke ski-de di-be-bni (wašǫ́ke skíde dibébni) - candy, spiral stick candy

► ex: a-ki-di-be-bniⁿ ka-xa (ákkidibénį kaγá) - plait it in two strands!

► ex: ni-zhi-ha di-be-bniⁿ (nižíha dibébnį) - braid hair [MS]

► Dhegiha: zhoⁿ-ni thi-be-bthiⁿ (zhoⁿní thibébthiⁿ) - twisted or plaited candy, twisted sugar, striped stick candy, candy cane, candy of any type [Omaha/Ponca]; thi-be-bthiⁿ (thi-bé-bthiⁿ) - to twist [FL-Osage]; be-bliⁿ (bébliⁿ) - twisted, course [Kaw]

► ka-zaⁿ-te (kazą́tte) - weave, braid ► a-zaⁿ-te (ázątte) - I, da-zaⁿ-te (dázątte) - you

► Dhegiha: ga-zoⁿ-te (gázoⁿte) - braid, braided, woman’s braid [Omaha]; ga-zoⁿ-dse (ga-çóⁿ-dse) - to braid, to weave, to plait [FL-Osage]; ga-zaⁿ-je (gazáⁿje) - weave [Kaw]

brain

► we-di-xdi (wédixdi) - brains

► Dhegiha: we-thi-xthi (wéthixthi) - brain [Omaha]; we-thi-xthi (wéthiqthi) - brain [Omaha/Ponca]

branch

► zhaⁿ ka-xa (žą káxa) - branch of a tree

► cf. zhaⁿ (žą), zhoⁿ (žǫ) - tree, wood

► Dhegiha: zhoⁿ ga-xa (zhoⁿgaxa) - tree branch, tree limb [Omaha]; zhoⁿ ga-xa (zhóⁿgaqa) - branch, tree branch (attached to tree) [Omaha/Ponca]; zhoⁿ ga-xa (zhóⁿ-ga-xa) - the limb of a tree, branches, boughs [FL-Osage]; zhaⁿ ka-xa (žą́ą káxa) - tree branch, limb, tree branching out [CQ-Osage]; zhaⁿ ga-xa (zhaⁿgaxá) - branch, limb of a tree [Kaw]

brand

► taiⁿ-xe (táįγe) - firebrand

► cf. ta (tá) - by extreme temperature; wiⁿ-xe (wįγe), iⁿ-xe (įγe) - turn, spin, whirl, around, drive around, turn around

► Dhegiha: da-wiⁿ-xe (dá-wiⁿ-xe) - firebrand, a torch, faggot [FL-Osage]; da-miⁿ-ghe (dámiⁿghe), da-mi-ghe (dámighe) - firebrand, branding iron [Kaw]

brandish

► a-ka-i-ze (ákaíze) - brandish a weapon at someone

► cf. ka-i-ze (káize) - wave, move back and forth

► ex: aⁿ-ka-i-ze (ą́kaíze) - he brandished it at me

► ex: a-di-ka-i-ze (ádikaíze) - he brandished a weapon at you

► Dhegiha: si ga-i-za (si gáiíza) - to jiggle one’s foot [Omaha/Ponca]

brass

► de-xe zi (deγé zi) - brass, "kettle-yellow"

► cf. de-xe (déγe) - pot, kettle; zi (zi) - yellow; de-xe zhi-te (deγé žítte) - copper, "kettle-red"

► Dhegiha: je-ghe zi-hi (jéghe zihi) - brass kettle [Kaw]

brave

► wa-si-si-ke (wasísike) - to be brave, a warrior ► wa-aⁿ-si-si-ke (waą́sisíke) - I, wa-da-si-si-ke (wadísisike) - you, wa-wa-si-si-ka-we (wawásisikawe) - we

► wa-si-si-ke (ŭafsifsikeh) - brave (brave) [GI]

► cf. si-si (sisí) - active; i-ki-si-si (íkisísi) - active, lively, to make one

► Dhegiha: wa-si-si-ge (wa-çí-çi-ge) - brave, valorous, valiant, active, prowess [FL-Osage]; wa-si-si (wasísi) - strong, energetic, elastic [CQ-Osage]; wa-si-si-ge (wasísige) - active, as a warrior [Kaw]