| 
				
					
						
					
					
						|  |  
						| English to Quapaw 
						Dictionary |  
						| 
			
			
			Our Quapaw Language Speakers |  
						|  |  
						| Click on the word in English to 
						learn about the Quapaw Translation and hear the word 
						spoken in Quapaw. |  
						| A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H-I-J-K-L-M-N-O-P-Q-R-S-T-U-V-W-X-Y-Z |  
						| Word in English |  
						|  |  
						| "A" |  
						| a lot, many, much |  
						| a lot, plenty, 
						plentiful |  
						| African American, negro |  
						| again, over and over, 
						repeatedly |  
						| all |  
						| alligator |  
						| angry, mad |  
						| ankle |  
						| apple |  
						| apple juice |  
						| apple tree |  
						| apron |  
						| armband |  
						| arm, arms |  
						| arrive, to have come here |  
						| arrow |  
						| aunt, my aunt (father's side) |  
						| aunt, my older aunt
						(mother's side) |  
						| aunt, my younger aunt 
						(mother's side) |  
						| axe |  
						| 
						 |  
						| 
						"B" |  
						| baby, child |  
						| baby powder |  
						| back, a person’s back |  
						| back, back of an animal |  
						| bacon, pork, fat meat |  
						| bad |  
						| bag, pocket, sack |  
						| bald, bare, smooth |  
						| ball |  
						| ball |  
						| banana |  
						| bark, as a dog |  
						| bathe, swim |  
						| Baxter Springs, 
						Kansas |  
						| beads |  
						| beans |  
						| bear, black bear |  
						| bed |  
						| bee, bees |  
						| beef |  
						| been, went |  
						| beer |  
						| behave, well behaved |  
						| bell, rattle |  
						| belly |  
						| belly, stomach |  
						| belt, sash |  
						| big |  
						| big |  
						| bird (also a personal name) |  
						| bit, twelve and a half cents |  
						| bite |  
						| bitter |  
						| black |  
						| black haw |  
						| blackberry |  
						| blanket |  
						| blood |  
						| blue |  
						| blue, pale blue |  
						| boat |  
						| bone |  
						| boots |  
						| born, give birth, bear a child |  
						| bottle, milk |  
						| bottle, whiskey |  
						| bow |  
						| bowl |  
						| bowl |  
						| boy |  
						| boy, bad |  
						| boy, oldest |  
						| boy, little |  
						| braid hair |  
						| braid, of hair |  
						| bread |  
						| bread, fry bread |  
						| bread, rye bread |  
						| break |  
						| breast |  
						| broom |  
						| brother, my brother, woman’s elder |  
						| brother, my younger brother |  
						| brown |  
						| bucket |  
						| buckeye |  
						| buffalo |  
						| buffalo calf (also personal name) |  
						| buffalo, Little Buffalo 
						Girl (personal name) |  
						| buffalo hide, skin |  
						| buffalo horn (also personal name) |  
						| buffalo, bull, male (also personal name) |  
						| buffalo, Walking Bull Buffalo (personal name) |  
						| bug |  
						| bumblebee |  
						| butter |  
						| buttocks, rear |  
						| buzzard |  
						| 
						
						 |  
						| 
						"C" |  
						| cabbage |  
						| cactus |  
						| cake |  
						| call out, shout, yell |  
						| cane |  
						| cannon |  
						| carry, pack on back |  
						| cat |  
						| catfish |  
						| cedar |  
						| cedar smoke |  
						| cedar tree |  
						| chair |  
						| cheese |  
						| Cherokee Indians |  
						| chest, Hit Me in the Chest 
						(personal name) |  
						| chest, trunk |  
						| chicken |  
						| chief (also a personal name) |  
						| chief, Little Chief 
						(personal name) |  
						| chief, Tall Chief 
						(nickname) |  
						| child, baby |  
						| chin |  
						| Christmas |  
						| Christmas gift |  
						| church |  
						| claw, talon, hoof |  
						| clock |  
						| cloth |  
						| cloth, calico |  
						| cloud (also a personal name) |  
						| coal |  
						| coat |  
						| coffee |  
						| cold |  
						| cold, cold weather, winter |  
						| cold, winter time |  
						| comb |  
						| come, come in, come back, come 
						here, come on |  
						| come back |  
						| cook |  
						| corn |  
						| cottonwood tree |  
						| cough |  
						| council |  
						| count |  
						| cow |  
						| crazy |  
						| crazy, wild |  
						| creek, river |  
						| Creek Indians |  
						| cricket |  
						| cripple |  
						| Crosses Stream 
						(personal name) |  
						| crow |  
						| cry |  
						| cup |  
						| 
						 |  
						| 
						"D" |  
						| dance |  
						| dance, fiddle - 
						whiteman’s dance |  
						| dance, stomp dance, leader |  
						| dance, war dance |  
						| daughter, first born, 
						birth name |  
						| daughter, my daughter |  
						| daughter, second born, 
						birth name |  
						| dark, darkness, evening |  
						| dark color, indistinct 
						black |  
						| day |  
						| daybreak, dawn |  
						| deer, dried meat |  
						| deer, buck deer |  
						| deer, little deer |  
						| defecate |  
						| desert, sand, dust |  
						| devil |  
						| diaper, breech cloth |  
						| die, dead |  
						| difficult, too much, too 
						high a price |  
						| dig |  
						| dime, ten cents |  
						| dipper |  
						| dirt, soil, ground, earth |  
						| dirty |  
						| divorced, they quit |  
						| do, you do |  
						| doctor |  
						| dog |  
						| dog, big dog |  
						| dollar |  
						| don't do that, that's enough |  
						| donkey, mule |  
						| door |  
						| dove, turtle dove |  
						| dream |  
						| dress |  
						| dress slip |  
						| drink |  
						| drive, drive something off |  
						| drum |  
						| drumstick |  
						| drunk |  
						| dry |  
						| duck |  
						| 
						 |  
						| 
						"E" |  
						| eagle |  
						| eagle claw, talon |  
						| eagle, Little White Eagle 
						(personal name) |  
						| eagle, Looking at the 
						Eagle, Visible Eagle (personal name) |  
						| eagle, Young Eagle, 
						Little Eagle (personal name) |  
						| ear, external ear |  
						| ear, inner ear |  
						| ear, ringing in ear |  
						| earring |  
						| east |  
						| eat, chew |  
						| eat, dine |  
						| eating |  
						| eel |  
						| egg |  
						| eight |  
						| eighteen |  
						| eighty |  
						| elbow |  
						| eleven |  
						| elk (also personal name) |  
						| enough, that's enough, don't do 
						that |  
						| evening |  
						| eye |  
						| eyebrows |  
						| eyelash |  
						| 
						 |  
						| 
						"F" |  
						| fall, fall season |  
						| far away, way off |  
						| fart, break wind |  
						| fast |  
						| fat |  
						| fat meat, bacon, 
						pork |  
						| father, my father |  
						| feather, on the head |  
						| Feather Rising, Getting 
						up (personal name) |  
						| feather, White Feather 
						(personal name) |  
						| feel like |  
						| female |  
						| fiddle, violin |  
						| field |  
						| fifteen |  
						| fifteen cents |  
						| fifty |  
						| fight |  
						| finger |  
						| finger, fourth finger |  
						| finger, index finger, 
						pointer |  
						| finger, little finger |  
						| finger, middle finger |  
						| fingernail |  
						| finish, complete |  
						| finish, quit |  
						| fire |  
						| fire, big fire |  
						| Fire Haⁿka (personal name) |  
						| fish |  
						| five |  
						| five cents, nickel |  
						| flat |  
						| flea |  
						| flesh, skin |  
						| flood (also a personal name) |  
						| flour |  
						| flower |  
						| fly, as birds |  
						| fly, house fly |  
						| food |  
						| foot, feet |  
						| football |  
						| footprint, trail, track 
						(also personal name) |  
						| fork |  
						| forty |  
						| four |  
						| fourteen |  
						| fox, gray fox |  
						| French person, French 
						people |  
						| Friday |  
						| friend |  
						| frog |  
						| fry, fried |  
						| frybread |  
						| future, will be, shall |  
						| 
						 |  
						| 
						"G" |  
						| garfish |  
						| get away, escape |  
						| get up, arise |  
						| get, take one’s own |  
						| get, take, receive, grab |  
						| ghost, spirit |  
						| girl |  
						| girl, baby girl |  
						| girl, bad girl |  
						| girl, pretty girl |  
						| give |  
						| give away something |  
						| glasses, eyeglasses |  
						| go |  
						| go, command |  
						| go after, fetch one’s 
						own |  
						| go home, to start homeward |  
						| go home, command |  
						| go, have gone 
						somewhere |  
						| goat |  
						| God (also personal name) |  
						| God (also personal name) |  
						| God, Father God |  
						| good |  
						| goodness |  
						| goose, geese |  
						| gourd |  
						| grandchild, my grandchild 
						(male or female) |  
						| granddaughter, my 
						granddaughter |  
						| grandfather, my 
						grandfather |  
						| grandmother |  
						| grandson, my grandson |  
						| grape, grapes |  
						| grape, big grape |  
						| grape dumplings |  
						| grass |  
						| grave |  
						| gravy |  
						| gray |  
						| gray fox |  
						| grease, lard, oil |  
						| green |  
						| green, bright green |  
						| green, pale green |  
						| ground, earth, soil |  
						| gun, iron |  
						| 
						 |  
						| 
						"H" |  
						| hail |  
						| hair |  
						| hair, curly hair |  
						| hair, white hair |  
						| half, in length |  
						| half dollar, fifty cents |  
						| hand |  
						| handkerchief |  
						| handsome |  
						| Haⁿka (personal name) |  
						| Haⁿka Bird (personal name) |  
						| Haⁿka, Difficult 
						Female Haⁿka (personal name) |  
						| Haⁿka, White Haⁿka 
						(personal name) |  
						| happy |  
						| happy, glad, like, pleased |  
						| hat |  
						| hatchet |  
						| hate, dislike |  
						| have, keep |  
						| have, possess |  
						| hawk (also personal name) |  
						| hawk, chicken hawk |  
						| hay |  
						| head |  
						| head, White Head (personal 
						name) |  
						| headache |  
						| hear, listen |  
						| heart |  
						| heaven |  
						| heavy |  
						| hello, greeting |  
						| help someone |  
						| here, right here, this place |  
						| hickory nut |  
						| hide, shell, skin, bark |  
						| hill |  
						| hit, slap, strike |  
						| holy, sacred |  
						| home, household |  
						| hominy (also personal name) |  
						| honey |  
						| horn, antler |  
						| horse |  
						| horse, black horse |  
						| horse, horse’s foot |  
						| hot |  
						| hot |  
						| house |  
						| house, white house |  
						| how are you |  
						| how are you doing |  
						| how many, how much |  
						| hundred, one hundred |  
						| hungry |  
						| hunt |  
						| hurry |  
						| hurt, ache, pain |  
						| husband |  
						| 
						 |  
						| 
						"I" |  
						| I, me |  
						| I to you |  
						| ice |  
						| Indian |  
						| Indian agent |  
						| indoors, in the house |  
						| inhale something, smell 
						something |  
						| ink |  
						| inside, in, within, under |  
						| iron, metal, gun |  
						| iron, used to iron 
						clothes |  
						| iron clothes, to 
						press |  
						| 
						 |  
						| 
						"J" |  
						| jaw |  
						| jaw bone |  
						| jay bird, blue jay |  
						| jug, bottle, container |  
						| juice, apple juice |  
						| 
						 |  
						| 
						"K" |  
						| kill |  
						| kindle |  
						| kiss |  
						| knee |  
						| knife |  
						| knob |  
						| know |  
						| 
						 |  
						| 
						"L" |  
						| lack, lacking, none |  
						| lake |  
						| land, countryside |  
						| language, word, talk, speak |  
						| lard, grease, oil |  
						| laugh, smile |  
						| lay down, sleep, lie, recline |  
						| lazy |  
						| leaf, leaves (also personal 
						name) |  
						| leg, legs |  
						| leggings |  
						| lid, covered up |  
						| lie down to sleep |  
						| light, lantern, lamp, candle |  
						| lightning, forked lightning 
						(also personal name) |  
						| lightweight |  
						| like |  
						| like, I like it |  
						| like, to not like, to not 
						want |  
						| like, like that, similar 
						to, thus, so |  
						| little, small, young |  
						| locomotive, train |  
						| long, tall |  
						| longtime |  
						| look |  
						| look at each other |  
						| look (command) |  
						| look for, search for, hunt 
						for |  
						| look upon, watch over, 
						oversee |  
						| love |  
						| 
						 |  
						| 
						"M" |  
						| mad, angry |  
						| make, do, cause |  
						| make, do, cause (command) |  
						| make oneself |  
						| male animal |  
						| male animal |  
						| man |  
						| many, much, a lot |  
						| married, marry each other |  
						| Mary, Jesus’s mother |  
						| match |  
						| me, I |  
						| me too |  
						| meadowlark |  
						| mean |  
						| mean, angry, irritated |  
						| meat, dried meat, deer |  
						| medicine |  
						| men, people, clan, person |  
						| metal, iron, gun |  
						| Mexican, Spanish, Español |  
						| middle, half |  
						| might, maybe, perhaps |  
						| milk |  
						| mine, my |  
						| mine, not mine, not my |  
						| mirror |  
						| mistreat, abuse |  
						| moccasin |  
						| mole, as on the skin |  
						| Monday |  
						| money |  
						| monkey |  
						| moon |  
						| morning, in the morning |  
						| morning, before daybreak |  
						| mosquito |  
						| mother, my mother |  
						| mountain |  
						| mountain lion, 
						panther, cougar, puma |  
						| mouse |  
						| mouth |  
						| movie, show |  
						| much |  
						| mulberry tree |  
						| mule, donkey |  
						| muskrat |  
						| 
						 |  
						| 
						"N" |  
						| naked to the waist, stripped to 
						the waist |  
						| name |  
						| near |  
						| Nebraska |  
						| neck, wear around the neck |  
						| necklace, beads |  
						| new |  
						| new year, new year’s day |  
						| nickel, five cents |  
						| night |  
						| night, good night |  
						| nine |  
						| nineteen |  
						| ninety |  
						| no |  
						| none, to have none, be lacking |  
						| north |  
						| nose |  
						| not, negative, negation |  
						| now |  
						| 
						 |  
						| 
						"O" |  
						| oak, black oak, black 
						tree |  
						| oak, post oak, gray tree |  
						| odor, smell, emit any odor |  
						| oil, lard, grease |  
						| old, grown up, mature |  
						| old |  
						| oldest boy, oldest son |  
						| oldest boy, oldest 
						son |  
						| on, upon |  
						| one |  
						| one hundred |  
						| one thousand |  
						| onion |  
						| only, only that, just |  
						| open, pull open |  
						| opossum |  
						| orange color |  
						| orange fruit |  
						| Osage |  
						| otter |  
						| our, we rather than others |  
						| outside, outdoors |  
						| over, on top of |  
						| owl, hoot owl |  
						| owl, horned owl |  
						| owl, screech owl |  
						| 
						 |  
						| 
						"P" |  
						| pain, hurt, ache |  
						| panther, puma, mountain lion, 
						cougar |  
						| pants |  
						| paper, book, letter |  
						| Pawnee |  
						| pawpaw, banana |  
						| pecan, pecan nut |  
						| pecan tree |  
						| pencil |  
						| penny, one cent |  
						| people, person, men |  
						| pepper |  
						| perhaps, might, maybe |  
						| persimmon |  
						| personality, disposition, 
						will |  
						| picture |  
						| pie |  
						| pierce, stab, perforate |  
						| pig |  
						| pillow |  
						| pill, pills |  
						| pink |  
						| pipe |  
						| pitiful, poor |  
						| plate |  
						| play |  
						| plentiful, plenty, a lot |  
						| pocket, sack, bag |  
						| point, to point at |  
						| point with lips |  
						| police, soldier |  
						| Ponca |  
						| poor, pitiful |  
						| pop, soda pop |  
						| pot |  
						| potato |  
						| potato, Irish potato |  
						| potato, sweet potato |  
						| potato, sweet 
						potato |  
						| potato, white potato |  
						| powder, baby powder |  
						| pray, beg, ask for something |  
						| pray, talk to heaven |  
						| President of the United 
						States |  
						| President, 
						Indian Agent |  
						| press, to press down |  
						| pretty, good |  
						| pretty |  
						| pretty day |  
						| pretty girl |  
						| push away, push it (command) |  
						| 
						 |  
						| 
						"Q" |  
						| quail |  
						| Quapaw |  
						| quarter, twenty-five cents |  
						| quick, hurry |  
						| quit, finish |  
						| 
						 |  
						| 
						"R" |  
						| rabbit |  
						| raccoon |  
						| raccoon, black 
						raccoon |  
						| rain |  
						| raise, pull up high |  
						| rat, mouse |  
						| rattle, bell |  
						| read, read aloud, call or name 
						something |  
						| real, very, fully |  
						| really, very |  
						| red |  
						| redbird, cardinal |  
						| remain, be left over |  
						| repeatedly, again, over and 
						over |  
						| rib, rib bone |  
						| ribbon |  
						| rice |  
						| rich |  
						| rich, rich people |  
						| ring, finger ring |  
						| ringing, ringing in the 
						ear |  
						| river, big river |  
						| river, big river |  
						| river, Spring River |  
						| roach, deer tail headdress |  
						| road |  
						| robin |  
						| rock, stone |  
						| rooster, male chicken |  
						| rope, string |  
						| round, spherical |  
						| rug, blanket |  
						| run, as a person not an animal |  
						| run fast, as a person not 
						an animal |  
						| 
						 |  
						| 
						"S" |  
						| sack, bag, pocket |  
						| sacred, holy |  
						| saddle |  
						| said, they said, they say |  
						| salt |  
						| sand, desert, dust |  
						| Saturday |  
						| say, talk, word, speak |  
						| scarf, handkerchief |  
						| school, school house |  
						| scissors |  
						| scratch |  
						| search for, look for, hunt 
						for |  
						| see |  
						| see, I see you |  
						| seed |  
						| seed, pit, grain, 
						kernel |  
						| seven |  
						| seventy |  
						| seventy-five 
						cents |  
						| shake |  
						| sharp |  
						| shawl |  
						| Shawnee, Shawnee Tribe |  
						| shell shaker, stomp 
						dance shells |  
						| shirt |  
						| shoe |  
						| shoot, shoot at something |  
						| shoot, shoot each other, 
						war |  
						| short |  
						| shout, yell, call out |  
						| shut, close, cave in, cover |  
						| sick, ill |  
						| sister, older sister |  
						| sit, sit down, be sitting, be in 
						a place, camp |  
						| sit upon |  
						| six |  
						| sixteen |  
						| sixty |  
						| skillet |  
						| skin, flesh |  
						| skinny |  
						| skirt, dress |  
						| skunk |  
						| sleep |  
						| slimy, muddy, ropy, viscous |  
						| slow, late, delay |  
						| slowly, deliberately, 
						thoughtfully, cautiously |  
						| small, little, young |  
						| smart, does not forget |  
						| smell, odor, emit any odor |  
						| smile, laugh |  
						| smoke |  
						| snake |  
						| snow, snowing |  
						| soaked, wet |  
						| soap |  
						| soil, ground, dirt, earth |  
						| soldier, police |  
						| some |  
						| son |  
						| son, first son |  
						| son, first son |  
						| son-in-law |  
						| soup |  
						| south |  
						| Spanish, Español, Mexican |  
						| speak, talk with one |  
						| spill, push over and spill |  
						| spiral, twisted, curled |  
						| spirit, ghost |  
						| spoon |  
						| spotted, speckled |  
						| spring, springtime |  
						| spring water, cold 
						water |  
						| squirrel |  
						| stand |  
						| star |  
						| stink, emit offensive odor |  
						| stink feet |  
						| stockings, hose |  
						| stomach, belly |  
						| stone, rock |  
						| stooped, stooped over |  
						| stop |  
						| storm, wind blowing hard |  
						| stove |  
						| strawberry |  
						| string, rope |  
						| striped |  
						| strong, hard, with great 
						effort |  
						| sugar |  
						| sulphur water |  
						| summer time, sun shining |  
						| sun |  
						| sun, 
						Little White Sun (personal name) |  
						| sun up, the sun is sure up 
						(also personal name) |  
						| Sun Way Off (personal 
						name) |  
						| sun, White Sun Gets 
						up, Comes (personal name) |  
						| Sunday |  
						| suspenders |  
						| sweep, brush away, knock away |  
						| sweet |  
						| swim |  
						| swim, bathe |  
						| syrup |  
						| 
						 |  
						| 
						"T" |  
						| table |  
						| tail |  
						| take, get, receive, grab |  
						| talk, word, speak, say |  
						| talk, fast talk, loud 
						talk |  
						| talk, talk louder |  
						| tall, long |  
						| talon, claw, hoof |  
						| tea |  
						| teach, cause to know, cause to 
						understand |  
						| teacher, teach |  
						| teeth, tooth |  
						| ten |  
						| thank you |  
						| that |  
						| that there |  
						| there |  
						| thin |  
						| thin, skinny, lean |  
						| think, decide, form an opinion |  
						| thirsty |  
						| thirteen |  
						| thirty |  
						| this |  
						| this one |  
						| three |  
						| throat |  
						| thunder |  
						| thunder, distant 
						thunder, little thunder (also personal name) |  
						| thunder, loud thunder 
						(also personal name) |  
						| Thunder Person 
						(personal name) |  
						| Thursday |  
						| tick, insect |  
						| time |  
						| tip, tip of something |  
						| tipi |  
						| tipi, tent |  
						| tired, weary |  
						| to, in, to there, in there |  
						| to, toward, at |  
						| tobacco |  
						| today, this day |  
						| toe, toes |  
						| toe, big toe |  
						| toe nail |  
						| toilet paper |  
						| tomato |  
						| tomorrow |  
						| tongue |  
						| toothpick |  
						| town, village |  
						| track, trail, footprint 
						(also personal name) |  
						| train, locomotive |  
						| tree, wood, log |  
						| tree, bush, vine, stalk, 
						leg |  
						| trunk, chest |  
						| try hard, with great effort |  
						| Tuesday |  
						| Tulsa, Oklahoma |  
						| turkey |  
						| turtle |  
						| turtle, big turtle |  
						| turtle shell |  
						| turtle, striped 
						turtle, terrapin |  
						| twelve |  
						| twenty |  
						| twisted, spiral, curled |  
						| two |  
						| 
						 |  
						| 
						"U" |  
						| ugly |  
						| ugly, bad |  
						| uncle (on mother’s side) |  
						| under, inside, in, within |  
						| understand, know |  
						| unwilling, refuse, decline, 
						lazy |  
						| upon, on |  
						| upper, upward, heaven |  
						| urinate |  
						| urine |  
						| 
						 |  
						| 
						"V" |  
						| valley |  
						| very, real, fully |  
						| very, really |  
						| village, town |  
						| violin, fiddle |  
						| visible, in sight |  
						| 
						 |  
						| 
						"W" |  
						| wagon, cart |  
						| walk |  
						| walk fast |  
						| walnut, black walnut |  
						| want, desire, wish |  
						| want not, like not |  
						| war, shoot each other |  
						| warm |  
						| wash |  
						| wash one’s own |  
						| wash, ring out, laundry |  
						| wasp, bee |  
						| watch, clock |  
						| water, liquid, river |  
						| water, cold water, 
						spring water |  
						| watermelon |  
						| way off, far away |  
						| we |  
						| wear |  
						| weary, tired |  
						| Wednesday |  
						| west |  
						| wet |  
						| wet, soaked |  
						| what |  
						| what, how, in what manner |  
						| wheel |  
						| when, future, will be, 
						shall |  
						| when, when in the future |  
						| when, when in the past |  
						| where |  
						| where, which 
						direction |  
						| whiskey |  
						| whiskey bottle |  
						| white |  
						| white hair |  
						| White Head (personal name) |  
						| white man |  
						| white race, white 
						people, American |  
						| white woman |  
						| whitish, pale, white in 
						the distance |  
						| who, which one |  
						| why |  
						| wife |  
						| wild, crazy |  
						| will, disposition, 
						personality |  
						| wind |  
						| wing |  
						| winter, cold weather, cold |  
						| winter time, cold |  
						| wolf |  
						| woman, lady, wife, female 
						animal |  
						| wood, tree, log |  
						| woodpecker |  
						| woodpecker, red-headed 
						woodpecker |  
						| wrap something around, wrap 
						it up |  
						| wrap, fold in a bundle, 
						covering |  
						| write, draw |  
						|  |  
						| 
						"X" |  
						| 
						 |  
						| None |  
						| 
						 |  
						| 
						"Y" |  
						| year |  
						| yell, shout, call out |  
						| yellow |  
						| yes |  
						| yesterday |  
						| you |  
						| young, little, small |  
						| young, immature |  
						| your, yours |  
						| 
						"Z" |  
						| 
						 |  
						| None |  
						|   |  |