Reminiscences by Alphonsus Valliere

Recorded by J. Owen Dorsey ca. 1890-94
 

 

 

1)

Before the Civil War, we lived there on the west side of what they called Sweet Potato Creek.

 

ma-zhaⁿ shi-ka-zhi shoⁿ-ti

mažą́ šikáži šǫ́tti

land/bad/not, negation/and, still, yet/at, by, in, to = while there was not yet any war, at that time when the land was not bad

 

to ski-de i-ke-a-we

to skíde íkeáwe

potato/sweet/they say = they called it

 

ni e-ti kʰe,

ni ettí kʰe,

water, liquid, stream, lake, river/aforementioned, that, he, she, it/at, by, in, to = there, then, said of time as well as place/the singular lying object

 

mi o-xp[a]e-ta-de-de-do-shi

mi óxp[a]ettadédedóši

sun/fall into/towards, in that direction, on that side = toward the sunset, on the west side

 

aⁿ-kniⁿ aⁿ-ka-tʰaⁿ naⁿ.

ąknį́ ą́katʰą́ ną.

we, 1st person dual, sit, stay, remain, camp, dwell, live, reside/we, 1st person dual, continuative standing/regularly, usually, often; past sign, when

 

2)

Then, at the time, I was fifteen years old, and I was as large as boys are at that age.

 

e-ti o-ma-ni-ka kde-bnaⁿ taⁿ sa-taⁿ a-kniⁿ

ettí ománikka kdébną-tą́ sattą́ aknį́

there, then/year/ten/and, when, since, as/five/to sit on = fifteen

 

e-aⁿ-na-ska [a]-ni-he maⁿ.

eą́naska [a]níhe mą́.

I that size, me of a certain size/1st person singular moving/I do, be, use, have = I was

 

3)

Then, at that time, my stepfather took from me the only horse that I had, and he traded it away on me.

 

e-ti iⁿ-ta-te zhi-ka shoⁿ-ke-a-kniⁿ

ettí įttátte-žíka šǫ́keáknį

there, then/my father/small, little, young = my stepfather/dog/to sit on = horse

 

e-naⁿ hi aⁿ-taⁿ [a]-ni-he taⁿ,

eną́-hi ą́ttą́ [a]nihé-tą,

aforementioned, that, he, she, it/only, just, alone/very, intensifier = only that/I possess, I have/1st person singular moving/and, when, since, as

 

aⁿ-ki-niⁿ hi-d[e] a-taⁿ

ąkínį hid[e] á-tą

to have taken my property/and

 

i-ki-k[a-iⁿ] aⁿ-ki-de tʰe.

íkkikk[áį] ą́kkíde tʰé.

to trade, barter, exchange/to cause for me = he traded it away on me, he traded it to my disadvantage/the past act, completed action; narrative marker; the singular, standing or collection

 

4)

Then, at that time, he rode away on my horse, and when he returned, he brought back a roan mare.

 

e-ti hi-de tʰe naⁿ,

ettí hidé tʰe-ną́,

there, then/to have gone somewhere/the past act, completed action; narrative marker; the singular, standing or collection/regularly, usually, often; past sign, when

 

shoⁿ-ke-a-kniⁿ wi-ta a-kniⁿ a-taⁿ de tʰe naⁿ,

šǫ́keáknį wítta áknį attą́ de tʰé-ną,

horse/my, mine/to sit on = he rode it/and/to go/the past act, completed action; narrative marker; the singular, standing or collection/regularly, usually, often; past sign, when

 

kdi naⁿ

kdí-ną

to have come back here/regularly, usually, often; past sign, when

 

shoⁿ-ke-a-kniⁿ wa-x’o xo-te zhi-hi a-niⁿ kdi.

šǫ́keáknį waxʔó xotté žihí anį́ kdi.

horse/woman/gray/reddish yellow = roan/to have brought back here

 

5)

The horse was very old and had recently become stringhalt in the right hind leg.

 

shoⁿ-ke-a-kniⁿ tʰaⁿ zhe-ka

šǫ́keáknį tʰą́ žeká

horse/3rd person singular standing; the standing/a man’s leg, hind leg of animal

 

e-ta de-de te-ta

ettá déde ttetta

aforementioned, that, he, she, it/to, at, toward, in that direction = there/to cause to go, sent away, went, to go this way/to the, at the = on the right side

 

hi di-ko shaⁿ-tʰaⁿ

hi díkko šą́tʰą

leg or bone/drawn up, cramped, hobbled = stringhalt/newly, not so formerly the standing object, denotes a reversal of a previous act, state, etc.

 

shoⁿ-ke-a-kniⁿ naⁿ-haⁿ hi.

šǫ́keáknį ną́hą hí.

horse/old, grown up, mature, raised/very, intensifier or arrive, reach there, have been

 

6)

So, he didn’t even tell me, despite that it was my horse, he traded it away on me without even telling me, I was extremely displeased.

 

ko-i-shoⁿ-taⁿ

kóišǫ́ttą

that, there/and, still, yet/and, when, since, as = then, thus, accordingly, in that way, therefore

 

aⁿ-ki-da-zhi hi,

ą́kidáži hí,

tell something to me/not, negation/very, intensifier = he did not tell me at all

 

shoⁿ-ke-a-kniⁿ wi-ta ko-i-shoⁿ

šǫ́keáknį wítta kóišǫ́

horse/my, mine/then, despite, notwithstanding; so, or in that case, of that sort

 

i-ki-k[a-iⁿ] aⁿ-ki-de tʰe.

íkkikk[áį] ą́kkíde tʰé.

to trade, barter, exchange/to cause for me = he traded it away on me, he traded it to my disadvantage/the past act, completed action; narrative marker; the singular, standing or collection

 

aⁿ-ki-da-zhi hi tʰe aⁿ-shoⁿ-zhi a-ta-pa.

ą́kidáži hí tʰe ąšǫ́ži áttappa.

tell something to me/not, negation/very, intensifier/the past act, completed action; narrative marker; the singular, standing or collection/I am pleased/not, negation = I am displeased/too, great, exceeding, often, always

 

7)

Then I told my mother, when I told her, this is what I said,

 

e-shoⁿ iⁿ-da o-a-ki-bda,

ešǫ́ įdá óakibdá,

aforementioned, that, he, she, it/and, still, yet = then, at length, and/my mother/I tell something to another, my relation

 

o-a-ki-bda ti de she [i]-he,

óakibdá-tti dé še [i]-hé,

I tell something to another, my relation/at, by, in, to = when I told her/this/that, that visible thing; that way or course/I say = this is what I said, the following is what I said

 

8)

“I do not like it at all that my stepfather, without even consulting me, traded away my horse on me.

 

iⁿ-ta-te zhi-ka aⁿ-naⁿ-ho-da-zhi hi

įttátte-žíka ąną́hodáži hí

my stepfather/to ask me, consult me about something/not, negation = he did not consult me at all

 

shoⁿ-ke-a-kniⁿ wi-ta

šǫ́keáknį wítta

horse/my, mine

 

i-ki-k[a-iⁿ] aⁿ-ki-de tʰe.

íkkikk[áį] ą́kkíde tʰé.

to trade, barter, exchange/to cause for me = he traded it away on me, he traded it to my disadvantage/the past act, completed action; narrative marker; the singular, standing or collection

 

aⁿ-ho-taⁿ a-ta-ha zhi hi

ą́hottą́ áttahá-ži hí

good for me, I am good/too, exceedingly, much/not, negation/very, intensifier = I disliked it intensely

 

9)

Therefore, I am going to go somewhere else.

 

ko-i-shoⁿ-taⁿ e-ki-zhi

kóišǫ́ttą ekíži

then, thus, accordingly, in that way, therefore/somewhere else, elsewhere, different

 

bde ta [a]-ni-he

bdé ttá [a]nihé

I go/future, will, shall/1st person singular moving = I will be going

 

10)

I will do something for myself, because I think that I am large enough to acquire something for myself.

 

e-a-wa-ki-k’oⁿ, ta-taⁿ o-a-ki-kʰe-taⁿ

eáwakkikʔǫ́, táttą oákikʰettą́

I do something for myself/what, something/I acquire, gain, possess something for myself

 

aⁿ-naⁿ-na-ska a-a-ki-zhoⁿ-m[iⁿ] e-tʰaⁿ-ha.

ąną́naska áakkižǫ́m[į] etʰą́ha.

I am large enough/I think about myself, I regard myself/this amount, this much or because

 

11)

Therefore, I will work for my uncle.”

 

ko-i-shoⁿ-taⁿ wi-te-ke

kóišǫ́ttą wittéke

then, thus, accordingly, in that way, therefore/my mother’s brother

 

o-a-ki-we-bda-bda te.”

oákiwébdabdá tte.”

I work for someone, my relation/future, shall, will be

 

12)

And then, at that time I ceased to live with both my mother and stepfather.

 

e-shoⁿ-we e-ti-tʰaⁿ

ešǫ́we ettítʰą

and, then/from that time, at that time, from then on = and from then on

 

iⁿ-ta-te zhi-ka iⁿ-da e-naⁿ-pa

įttátte-žíka įdá eną́pa

my stepfather/my mother/both, also, too, that one too

 

we-a-kdi-xe a-bdi-shtaⁿ.

weákdixe ábdištą́.

I live, stay with them/I stop, I cease an activity

 

13)

And from that same time on I was working for my uncle.

 

e-ki-tʰaⁿ-taⁿ wi-te-ke

ekkítʰąttą́ wítteke

that of equal length/and, when, since, as = from that same time on/my mother’s brother

 

o-a-ki-we-bda-bda [a]-tʰaⁿ-he maⁿ

oákiwébdabdá [a]tʰą́he mą́

I work for someone, my relation/1st person singular standing, the standing/I do, be, use, have = I was

 

14)

He paid me twelve dollars a month.

 

mi-aⁿ-ba mi-xti naⁿ

mią́ba mį́xti-ną

moon, month/exactly one, only one, just one/regularly, usually, often; past sign, when = monthly

 

ma-ze-ska kde-bnaⁿ-taⁿ naⁿ-pa a-kniⁿ aⁿ-naⁿ-ki-da.

mazéska kdébnąttą́ nąpá aknį́ ąną́kidá.

iron, metal/white = money/ten/and, when, since, as/two/to sit on = twelve/pay to me = he paid to me

 

15)

It was just two months later and then one day my mother sent someone for me.

 

e-ti-tʰaⁿ mi-aⁿ-ba naⁿ-pa hi taⁿ,

ettítʰą mią́ba ną́pa-hi-ttą́,

from that time, at that time, from then on/moon, month/two/very, intensifier, just or only when used with numbers/and, when, since, as

 

hoⁿ-tʰaⁿ-hi haⁿ-ba mi iⁿ-da aⁿ-kda tʰi-we aⁿ-ki-de.

hǫ́tʰąhí hą́ba mį́ įdá ą́kda-tʰíwe-ą́kkidé.

then, at length, it happened, once upon a time/day/one, a, an/my mother/to arrive here to get me, her own/to cause for me = she sent someone for me

 

16)

I said, “What is the matter?”

 

“hoⁿ-e,” i-he

“hǫ́e,” ihé

what, how, in what manner/question sign/I say

 

17)

The messenger said, “Something has happened, your stepfather was wounded at the store of Crooked Nose and he was taken to his home.  So, your mother wants you to come home.”

 

“hoⁿ-ni-haⁿ di-a-te zhi-ka i-yo-wi taⁿ

“hǫ́nihą diátte-žíka íyowí-ttą

that is the matter, it’s this/your stepfather/wound someone or something/and, when, since, as

 

a-kda-niⁿ kdi kʰe,

akdánį kdí kʰe,

to have brought back one’s own/the singular lying object

 

pa kaⁿ-ka ta-tʰaⁿ.

ppá kkąkká ttatʰą́.

Crooked Nose, the nickname of a white trader/from

 

e-koⁿ da-kʰi koⁿ-da,” i-e.

ekǫ́ dakʰí kǫdá,” ié.

that sort, like, thus, like that, so/you arrive back at your own/to want = she wants/to say = he said

 

18)

So, I headed for home, first thing that evening.

 

e-shoⁿ e-ti pa-ze he-be hi a-kde.

ešǫ́ ettí ppáze hébe hí akdé.

then, at length, and/then, there/evening/piece, part/very, intensifier/I start for home, I head home

 

19)

When I got home, there was no hope of his recovery, he just laid there breathing.

 

a-kʰi naⁿ t’e ki-ha o-ni-aⁿ-hi-de shoⁿ-kʰe.

akʰí-ną tʔé kihá oníąhíde šǫkʰé.

I arrive back at my own/regularly, usually, often; past sign, when/die/finish, quit = terminal/to breathe/and, still, yet/the singular lying object

 

20)

My mother told me that when she had sent someone for me, she said, that my stepfather was still alive.

 

iⁿ-da aⁿ-ki-da, hi-we-wa-ki-de i-e,

įdá ą́kkída, híwewákkidé ié,

my mother/tell something to me/she had sent someone there for me/to say

 

e ni tʰe.

é ni tʰé.

aforementioned, that, he, she, it/alive, conscious/the past act, completed action; narrative marker; the singular, standing or collection

 

21)

Not long after I reached home, he stopped breathing.

 

e-naⁿ a-kʰi e-shoⁿ o-ni-aⁿ-hi-da-zhi

eną́ akʰí ešǫ́ oníąhídaží

only that, him, her, it/I arrive back at my own/then, at length, and/to breathe/not negation = he stopped breathing = he died

 

22)

It was still night, but towards day when they laid him out.

 

e-shoⁿ hoⁿ tʰe-ti

ešǫ́ hǫ tʰétti

then, at length, and/night/the singular standing or collection/at, by, in, to = it was still night

 

[h]aⁿ-ba k’aⁿ-ha-we.

[h]ą́ba kʔą́hawé.

day/they lay something down, they lay out

 

23)

The next morning, they buried him before noon.

 

e-ka-sa-ni haⁿ-b[a] [i]-haⁿ-ke taⁿ

ékasáni hąb[á][í]hąké-ttą

the next morning/day/nearly, almost/and, when, since, as = before noon

 

maⁿ-tʰe de-da-we.

mą́tʰe dédawé.

inside, in, within, under/they sent away, they cause to go, they send

 

24)

And then, at that time, I stopped working for my uncle.

 

e-shoⁿ e-ti-tʰaⁿ wi-te-ke

ešǫ́ ettítʰą wittéke

then, at length, and/from that time, at that time, from then on/my mother’s brother

 

o-a-ki-we-bda-bda tʰe a-bdi-shtaⁿ.

oákiwébdabdá tʰe ábdištą́.

I work for someone, my relation/the past act, completed action; narrative marker; the singular, standing or collection/I stop, I cease an activity

 

25)

My mother and my older sister were all alone.  Because they had only myself to depend on for support I stopped working for my uncle.

 

iⁿ-da wi-taⁿ-ke e-naⁿ-pa

įdá wittą́ke énąpá

my mother/my older sister (make speaking)/both, also, too, that one too

 

naⁿ-hi-naⁿ-we taⁿ-ha

ną-hí-ną́-we tą́ha

only, just, alone/very, intensifier = all alone/regularly, usually, often; past sign, when/pluralizer/because

 

wi-e naⁿ-hi aⁿ-ki-toⁿ-we ta-i-tʰe naⁿ,

wíe ną-hí ą́kittǫ́we ttaítʰe-ną́,

I, me/only, just, alone/very, intensifier/to depend on me/they will, they shall/the past act, completed action; narrative marker; the singular, standing or collection/regularly, usually, often; past sign, when

 

wi-te-ke o-a-ki-we-bda-bda a-bdi-shtaⁿ.

wittéke oákiwébdabdá ábdištą́.

my mother’s brother/I work for someone, my relation/I stop, I cease an activity

 

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