______________________________________________________________________________
toⁿ (ttǫ)
town, contraction of taⁿ-waⁿ (ttą́wą) (RR-Quapaw)
______________________________________________________________________________
taⁿ (tấⁿ)
village (LH-Quapaw)
______________________________________________________________________________
taⁿ-waⁿ (ttą́wą), toⁿ-waⁿ (ttǫ́wą)
town, village (RR-Quapaw)
______________________________________________________________________________
town (to town) |
|
toⁿ
ta (ttǫ tta) |
Speaker - Alice Crawfish Gilmore |
town - to, towards |
|
______________________________________________________________________________
I go to town (I’m going to town). |
|
toⁿ
ti bde ta miⁿ-khe (ttǫ tti bdé tta mįkhé) |
Speaker - Maude Supernaw |
town - in, to, at, there - I go - future, will be - I sitting,
doing that |
|
______________________________________________________________________________
I’m going to town. |
|
taⁿ
ta bde (ttą́ tta bdé) |
Speaker - Odestine McWatters |
town - to, towards - I go |
|
______________________________________________________________________________
You go to town (command/request). |
|
di-e
toⁿ ti da hne (díe ttǫ tti dá hné) |
Speaker - Maude Supernaw |
you - town - in, to, at, there - go (command) - request |
|
______________________________________________________________________________
Why you go to town (Why are you going to town)? |
|
hoⁿ-niⁿ-taⁿ
toⁿ ti te ta ni-khe (hǫnį́ttą ttǫ tti tté tta nikhé) |
Speaker - Maude Supernaw |
why - town - in, to, at, there - you go - future, will be - you
sitting, doing that |
______________________________________________________________________________
Come on, we are going to town. |
|
kdi, toⁿ ta aⁿ-ka-da taⁿ-niⁿ-khe (kdi, ttǫ tta ąkáde tta ąnįkhe) |
Speaker - Alice Crawfish Gilmore |
come back here - town -
to, towards
-
we go - we, I and one other, sitting, doing that |
______________________________________________________________________________
Dhegiha Language Family Comparison
-
toⁿ (ttǫ)
- town, contraction of taⁿ-waⁿ (ttą́wą)
(RR-Quapaw)
-
taⁿ (tấⁿ)
- village (LH-Quapaw)
-
taⁿ-waⁿ (ttą́wą), toⁿ-waⁿ (ttǫ́wą)
- town, village (RR-Quapaw)
-
toⁿ-woⁿ (tóⁿwoⁿ)
- camp, village, town, cluster of lodges, Indian town
(Omaha/Ponca)
-
ʰtoⁿ-woⁿ (ṭoⁿ´-woⁿ)
- a town or city (FL-Osage)
-
ʰtaⁿ-waⁿ (ʰtą́wą)
- town (CQ-Osage)
-
taⁿ-maⁿ (táⁿ-maⁿ)
- town, camp, village, settlement, city (Kanza)