male animal

 

to-ka  (tóka)

 
male animal (RR-Quapaw)

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buffalo bull, male buffalo

 
te  to-ka  (tte tóka)                Speaker - Maude Supernaw
buffalo - male animal

 

 

Speaker - Maude Supernaw

 

 

 

Speaker - Odestine McWatters

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Walking Bull Buffalo (personal name)

 
te  to-ka  maⁿ-niⁿ  (tte tóka mąnį́) Speaker - Maude Supernaw
buffalo - male animal - to walk

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Dhegiha Language Family Comparison

  • to-ka (tóka) - male animal (RR-Quapaw)
  • nu-ga (núga) - male animal, applied to animals and birds, not humans (Omaha/Ponca)
  • do-ga (do-gá) - male (FL-Osage)
  • to-ka (tooká) - male (CQ-Osage)
  • doⁿ-ga (doⁿgá), do-ga (dogá) - male (Kanza)

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  • te to-ka (tte tóka) - buffalo bull, domestic bull (RR-Quapaw)
  • te nu-ga (tenúga) - buffalo bull, male buffalo (Omaha/Ponca)
  • ʰtse do-ga (ṭse dó-ga) - buffalo bull (FL-Osage)
  • ʰtse to-ka (ʰceetóoka) - buffalo bull (CQ-Osage)
  • tse doⁿ-ga (cedóⁿga) - buffalo, buffalo bull (Kanza)